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WO2025049582A1 - Composition d'huile lubrifiante - Google Patents

Composition d'huile lubrifiante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025049582A1
WO2025049582A1 PCT/US2024/044197 US2024044197W WO2025049582A1 WO 2025049582 A1 WO2025049582 A1 WO 2025049582A1 US 2024044197 W US2024044197 W US 2024044197W WO 2025049582 A1 WO2025049582 A1 WO 2025049582A1
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Prior art keywords
hydrocarbyl groups
sulfur
lubricating oil
hydrocarbyl
oil composition
Prior art date
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English (en)
Inventor
Travis Paul HOLBROOK
Kevin Jon CHASE
Nema HAFEZI
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Chevron Oronite Co LLC
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Chevron Oronite Co LLC
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Publication of WO2025049582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025049582A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M157/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a phosphorus-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to lubricant additive compositions and lubricating oil compositions containing the same. More particularly, the compositions provide improved gear wear performance (e.g., anti-scuff, anti-seizure) performance for electric vehicles.
  • gear wear performance e.g., anti-scuff, anti-seizure
  • DMTD Dimercaptothiadiazoles
  • metal chelators as well as potential uses as antiwear, anticorrosion or antirust agents.
  • DMTD or related compounds in lubricating oils has been limited due to solubility challenges. Accordingly, DMTD or related compounds often require premixing with another additive (e g., dispersant) before addition into a lubricant additive package or lubricating oil.
  • another additive e g., dispersant
  • the present disclosure provides an additive for a lubricating oil composition, or a driveline lubricating oil composition, which provides improved solubility of DMTD and derivatives thereof while providing improved antiwear (i.e. antiscuff) performance at low sulfur levels.
  • this disclosure relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising: a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; a phosphorus-containing additive; and at least one sulfur-containing additive, wherein the sulfur-containing additive is thiadiazole, dithiadi azole, dimercaptodithiadiazole, dimercaptodithiadiazole oligomer, or derivative thereof, or analog thereof.
  • this disclosure relates to a method of improving the wear performance of a motor featuring an electric driveline, the method comprising lubricating the motor with a lubricating oil composition comprising: a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; a phosphorus-containing additive; and at least one sulfur-containing additive, wherein the sulfur- containing additive is thiadiazole, dithiadi azole, dimercaptodithiadiazole, dimercaptodithiadiazole oligomer, or derivative thereof, or analog thereof.
  • a major amount of a base oil refers to where the amount of the base oil is at least 40 wt. % of the lubricating oil composition. In some embodiments, “a major amount” of a base oil refers to an amount of the base oil more than 50 wt. %, more than 60 wt. %, more than 70 wt. %, more than 80 wt. %, or more than 90 wt. % of the lubricating oil composition.
  • hydrocarbyl refers to a moiety that includes both carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • hydrocarbyl may refer to hydrocarbon comprising heteroatoms (e.g., sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, etc ).
  • Hydrocarbyl may refer to saturated or unsaturated moieties, aliphatic or aromatic moieties, branched or unbranched moieties.
  • an Electric Drive Fluid or Electric Driveline Fluid refers to a lubricating oil used in electric vehicles equipped with EV motors.
  • Electric drive fluids are analogous to transmission fluids (used in conventional vehicles) but with, usually, one or more added functionalities (e.g., acting as a coolant for the EV motor, providing improved electrical resistivity, improved yellow metal compatibility, etc.).
  • the one or more added functionalities can provide unique challenges to formulating EV fluids.
  • the present disclosure relates to a synergistic combination of lubricant additive compositions and/or lubricating oil composition containing the same.
  • the synergistic combination of additives provides increased compatibility of thiadiazole or thiadiazole-like compounds in lubricating oil compositions and improved resistance against scuffing.
  • the synergistic combination is particularly suitable for use in a vehicle equipped with an electric driveline (i.e., vehicle equipped with an electric motor such as electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or plug-in hybrid vehicles).
  • This disclosure is related to lubricating oil composition
  • lubricating oil composition comprising: a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; b) a hydrocarbyl phosphite or phosphonate; and c) at least one sulfur-containing additive as described herein.
  • the lubricating oil composition of this disclosure include one or more phosphorus containing additive.
  • the phosphorus containing additive may be a hydrocarbyl phosphite, a hydrocarbyl phosphonate, a hydrocarbyl thiophosphite, a phosphonic acid, a hydrocarbyl phosphate ester, or a polymeric polyphosphite.
  • the hydrocarbyl phosphite/phosphonate compounds compatible with the present disclosure include dihydrocarbyl phosphites/phosphonates and trihydrocarbyl phosphites/phosphonates.
  • Dihydrocarbyl phosphites (Structure I) of this disclosure can be defined as follows:
  • Ri and R2 are independently Cl to C24 hydrocarbyl groups.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups may be saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or aliphatic, or include heteroatoms such as O, N, or S (e.g., alkoxylated).
  • Ri and R2 are independently C 1 to C22 hydrocarbyl groups, C 1 to C20 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C18 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C16 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C 14 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C12 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to CIO hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C8 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C6 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C4 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C24 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C22 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C20 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to Cl 8 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C16 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C14 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C12 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to CIO hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C8 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C6 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C4 hydrocarbyl groups, C4 to C22 hydrocarbyl groups, C4 to C20 hydrocarbyl groups,
  • dihydrocarbyl phosphites include, but are not limited to, dibutyl phosphite, dihexyl phosphite, dioctyl phosphite, didecyl phosphite, dilauryl phosphite, and dioleyl phosphite.
  • Dihydrocarbyl phosphonate (Structure II) of this disclosure can be represented as follows:
  • Ri and R2 are independently Cl to C24 hydrocarbyl groups, and R3 is hydrogen or Cl to C24 hydrocarbyl group.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups may be saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or aliphatic, or include heteroatoms (e.g., alkoxylated).
  • a commercially available dihydrocarbyl phosphonate is dimethyl octadecylphosphonate, which is Duraphos® 100 from Solvay.
  • Ri, R2, and R3 are independently Cl to C22 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C20 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to Cl 8 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C16 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C14 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C 12 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to CIO hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C8 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C6 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C4 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C24 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C22 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C20 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to Cl 8 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C16 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C14 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C12 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to CIO hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C8 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C6 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C4 hydrocarbyl groups, C4 to C22 hydrocarbyl groups, C4 to C20
  • dihydrocarbyl phosphonates include, but are not limited to, dibutyl phosphonates, dihexyl phosphonates, dioctyl phosphonates, didecyl phosphonates, dilauryl phosphonates, and dioleyl phosphonates.
  • Trihydrocarbyl phosphite (Structure III) of this disclosure can have the following generalized structure:
  • Ri, R2, and R3 are independently Cl to C24 hydrocarbyl groups.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups may be saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or aliphatic, or include heteroatoms (e.g., alkoxylated).
  • Ri, R2, and R3 are independently Cl to C22 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C20 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to Cl 8 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C16 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C14 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C 12 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to CIO hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C8 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C6 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C4 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C24 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C22 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C20 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C18 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C16 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C14 hydrocarbyl groups, C2 to C12 hydrocarbyl groups,
  • Representative trialkyl phosphites include, but are not limited to, tributyl phosphite, trihexyl phosphite, tri octyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite and trioleyl phosphite.
  • Hydrocarbyl thiophosphite (Structure IV) of this disclosure can have the following generalized structure:
  • Ri, R2, and R3 are independently Cl to C24 hydrocarbyl groups and wherein Xi, X2, and X3 are independently sulfur or oxygen atoms, wherein at least one of Xi, X2, and X3 is a sulfur atom.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups may be saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or aliphatic, or include heteroatoms (e.g., alkoxylated).
  • Hydrocarbyl phosphate ester (Structure V) of this disclosure can have the generalized structure:
  • Ri, R2, and R3 are independently H or C1-C24 hydrocarbyl group, wherein at least one of Ri, R2, and R3 is a hydrocarbyl group.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups may be saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or aliphatic, or include heteroatoms (e.g., alkoxylated).
  • Ri, R2, and R3 are independently Cl to C22 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C20 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to Cl 8 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to C16 hydrocarbyl groups, Cl to
  • each R is independently a C 10-C40 hydrocarbyl group
  • Y is a C2-C40 hydrocarbyl group
  • C2-C40 hydrocarbyl glycol ether C2-C40 hydrocarbyl lactone
  • X is a integer ranging from 2 to 1000.
  • the exact amount of phosphorus-containing additive based on the total lubricating oil composition may vary.
  • the amount phosphorus-containing additive is at least about 0.001 wt.% based on the total lubricating oil composition, such as at least about 0.05 wt.%, at least about 0.1 wt.%, at least about 0.3 wt.%, at least about 0.4 wt.%, at least about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 0.75 wt.%, or at least about 1.0 wt. %.
  • the amount of phosphorus-containing additive is up to about 5.0 wt.% based on the total lubricating oil composition, such as up to about 4.5 wt.%, up to about 4.0 wt.%, up to about 3.5 wt.%, up to about 3.0 wt.%, up to about 2.5 wt.%, up to about 2.0 wt.%, up to about 1.5 wt.%, up to about 1.25, up to about 1.0, up to about 0.9, or up to about 0.8 wt. % based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition of this disclosure includes at least one sulfur-containing additive. More particularly, the sulfur-containing additive is a heterocyclic compound that includes both sulfur and nitrogen. In some embodiments, the sulfur-containing is non-alkylated (i.e., no R groups are present only H atoms).
  • the sulfur-containing additive is generally a thiadiazole.
  • the sulfur-containing additive may be polycyclic compound.
  • Suitable sulfur-containing compounds include, for example, dimercaptodithiadiazoles, dimercaptodithiadiazole oligomers (trimer, tetramer, pentamer), thiadiazoles, dithiadiazoles, or salts thereof, or derivatives thereof or analogs thereof.
  • R H or C 1 -C6 hydrocarbyl group
  • the exact amount of the sulfur-containing additive based on the total lubricating oil composition may vary.
  • the amount of sulfur-containing additive is at least about 0.001 wt.% based on the total lubricating oil composition, such as at least about 0.05 wt.%, at least about 0.1 wt.%, at least about 0.3 wt.%, at least about 0.4 wt.%, at least about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 0.75 wt.%, or at least about 1.0 wt. %.
  • the lubricating oil composition contains low amounts of sulfur, such as less than about 2000 ppm of sulfur based on total weight of the lubricating oil composition, such as less than about 1950 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1900 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1850 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1800 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1750 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1700 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1650 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1600 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1550 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1500 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1450 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1400 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1350 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1300 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1250 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1200 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1150 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1100 ppm of sulfur, less than about 1050 ppm of sulfur, less than less than about 2000 ppm of
  • the lubricating oil composition may further comprise at least an additive or a modifier (hereinafter designated as "additive”) that can impart or improve any desirable property of the lubricating oil composition.
  • additive any additive known to a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein. Some suitable additives have been described in Mortier et al., “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition. London, Springer, (1996); and Leslie R. Rudnick, “Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications,” New York, Marcel Dekker (2003), both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the additive can be selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, multi-functional additives, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, foam inhibitors, metal deactivators, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, lubricity improvers, thermal stability improvers, anti-haze additives, icing inhibitors, dyes, markers, static dissipaters, biocides and combinations thereof.
  • the concentration of each of the additives in the lubricating oil composition when used, may range from about 0.001 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, or from about 0.1 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the total amount of the additives in the lubricating oil composition may range from about 0.001 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, or from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition is substantially free of sulfur- containing zinc compounds such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate.
  • the sulfur-containing zinc compound is present in an amount that contributes 100 ppm or less of zinc by total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition contains less than 100 ppm of zinc by total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein generally comprise at least one oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • Any base oil known to a skilled artisan can be used as the oil of lubricating viscosity disclosed herein.
  • Some base oils suitable for preparing the lubricating oil compositions have been described in Mortier et al., "Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants," 2nd Edition, London, Springer, Chapters 1 and 2 (1996); and A. Sequeria, Jr., "Lubricant Base Oil and Wax Processing,” New York, Marcel Decker, Chapter 6, (1994); and D. V. Brock, Lubrication
  • the amount of the base oil in the lubricating oil composition may be from about 70 to about 99.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In some embodiments, the amount of the base oil in the lubricating oil composition is from about 75 to about 99 wt. %, from about 80 to about 98.5 wt. %, or from about 80 to about 98 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the base oil is or comprises any natural or synthetic lubricating base oil fraction.
  • synthetic oils include oils, such as polyalphaolefins or PAOs, prepared from the polymerization of at least one alpha-olefin, such as ethylene, or from hydrocarbon synthesis procedures using carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases, such as the Fisher-Tropsch process.
  • the base oil comprises less than about 10 wt. % of one or more heavy fractions, based on the total weight of the base oil.
  • a heavy fraction refers to a lube oil fraction having a viscosity of at least about 20 cSt at 100° C.
  • the heavy fraction has a viscosity of at least about 25 cSt or at least about 30 cSt at 100° C.
  • the amount of the one or more heavy fractions in the base oil is less than about 10 wt. %, less than about 5 wt. %, less than about 2.5 wt. %, less than about 1 wt. %, or less than about 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the base oil.
  • the base oil comprises no heavy fraction.
  • the lubricating oil compositions comprise a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. from about 2.5 centistokes (cSt) to about 20 cSt, from about 4 centistokes (cSt) to about 20 cSt, or from about 5 cSt to about 16 cSt.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the base oils or the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can be measured according to ASTM D 445, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the base oil is or comprises a base stock or blend of base stocks.
  • the base stocks are manufactured using a variety of different processes including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerization, esterification, and rerefining.
  • the base stocks comprise a rerefined stock.
  • the rerefined stock shall be substantially free from materials introduced through manufacturing, contamination, or previous use.
  • the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in one or more of Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1509, Fourteen Edition, December 1996 (i.e., APIBase Oil Interchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Motor Oils and Diesel Engine Oils), which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the API guideline defines a base stock as a lubricant component that may be manufactured using a variety of different processes.
  • Groups I, II and III base stocks are mineral oils, each with specific ranges of the amount of saturates, sulfur content and viscosity index.
  • Group IV base stocks are polyalphaolefins (PAO).
  • Group V base stocks include all other base stocks not included in Group I, II, III, or IV.
  • the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group I, II, III, IV, V or a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group II, III, IV or a combination thereof. In further embodiments, the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group II, III, IV or a combination thereof wherein the base oil has a kinematic viscosity from about 2.5 centistokes (cSt) to about 20 cSt, from about 4 cSt to about 20 cSt, or from about 5 cSt to about 16 cSt at 100° C.
  • cSt centistokes
  • the base oil may be selected from the group consisting of natural oils of lubricating viscosity, synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity and mixtures thereof.
  • the base oil includes base stocks obtained by isomerization of synthetic wax and slack wax, as well as hydrocrackate base stocks produced by hydrocracking (rather than solvent extracting) the aromatic and polar components of the crude.
  • the base oil of lubricating viscosity includes natural oils, such as animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils (e.g., liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid-treated mineral oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic- naphthenic types), oils derived from coal or shale, and combinations thereof.
  • animal oils include bone oil, lanolin, fish oil, lard oil, dolphin oil, seal oil, shark oil, tallow oil, and whale oil.
  • vegetable oils include castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, hemp oil, linseed oil, tung oil, oiticica oil, jojoba oil, and meadow foam oil. Such oils may be partially or fully hydrogenated.
  • the synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity include hydrocarbon oils and halo- substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and inter-polymerized olefins, alkylbenzenes, polyphenyls, alkylated diphenyl ethers, alkylated diphenyl sulfides, as well as their derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof, and the like.
  • the synthetic oils include alkylene oxide polymers, interpolymers, copolymers and derivatives thereof wherein the terminal hydroxyl groups can be modified by esterification, etherification, and the like.
  • the synthetic oils include the esters of dicarboxylic acids with a variety of alcohols. In certain embodiments, the synthetic oils include esters made from C5 to C12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers. In further embodiments, the synthetic oils include tri-alkyl phosphate ester oils, such as tri-n-butyl phosphate and tri-iso-butyl phosphate.
  • the synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity include silicon-based oils (such as the polyakyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy-, polyaryloxy-siloxane oils and silicate oils).
  • the synthetic oils include liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids, polymeric tetrahydrofurans, polyalphaolefins, and the like.
  • Base oil derived from the hydroisomerization of wax may also be used, either alone or in combination with the aforesaid natural and/or synthetic base oil.
  • Such wax isomerate oil is produced by the hydroisomerization of natural or synthetic waxes or mixtures thereof over a hydroisomerization catalyst.
  • the base oil comprises a poly-alpha-olefin (PAO).
  • PAO poly-alpha-olefin
  • the poly-alpha-olefins may be derived from an alpha-olefin having from about 2 to about 30, from about 4 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms.
  • suitable poly-alpha-olefins include those derived from octene, decene, mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • These poly-alpha-olefins may have a viscosity from about 2 to about 15, from about 3 to about 12, or from about 4 to about 8 centistokes at 100° C.
  • the poly-alpha-olefins may be used together with other base oils such as mineral oils.
  • the base oil comprises a polyalkylene glycol or a polyalkylene glycol derivative, where the terminal hydroxyl groups of the polyalkylene glycol may be modified by esterification, etherification, acetylation and the like.
  • suitable polyalkylene glycols include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyisopropylene glycol, and combinations thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable polyalkylene glycol derivatives include ethers of polyalkylene glycols (e.g., methyl ether of polyisopropylene glycol, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol, etc.), mono- and polycarboxylic esters of polyalkylene glycols, and combinations thereof.
  • the polyalkylene glycol or polyalkylene glycol derivative may be used together with other base oils such as poly-alpha-olefins and mineral oils.
  • the base oil comprises any of the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, and the like) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, and the like).
  • dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, l
  • Non-limiting examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the like.
  • the base oil comprises a hydrocarbon prepared by the Fischer- Tropsch process.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch process prepares hydrocarbons from gases containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. These hydrocarbons may require further processing in order to be useful as base oils.
  • the hydrocarbons may be dewaxed, hydroisomerized, and/or hydrocracked using processes known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the base oil comprises an unrefined oil, a refined oil, a rerefined oil, or a mixture thereof.
  • Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
  • Non-limiting examples of unrefined oils include shale oils obtained directly from retorting operations, petroleum oils obtained directly from primary distillation, and ester oils obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment.
  • Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except the former have been further treated by one or more purification processes to improve one or more properties. Many such purification processes are known to those skilled in the art such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, and the like.
  • Rerefmed oils are obtained by applying to refined oils processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils.
  • Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally treated by processes directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
  • the FZG Step Load Test (also known as CEC L-84-02) evaluates the ability of lubricating oils to resist scuffing in reduction gears, transmission gears, hypoid gears, spur gears, or other such gear types.
  • the gear used in the test is a 10mm AlO-type pinion with a wheel with a width of 20mm.
  • the lubricating oil formulations tested all contained the same additive base package that includes antioxidant, seal swell, and foam inhibitor.
  • the amounts of phosphorus, sulfur, and sulfur- containing phosphorus components are also summarized in Tables 1 and 2.
  • the formulations were tested in finished oils having PAO (polyalphaolefin) base stock with kinematic viscosities at 100 °C of approximately 4.50 cSt. Details of the key components are below:
  • Sulfur Component 1 (S-l): Di-tert-butyl polysulfide with an average polysulfide chain length of 4 containing approximately 54 wt% sulfur.
  • Sulfur Component 2 (S-2): Bishydrocarbylthio-substituted dimercaptothiadiazole and derivatives thereof containing approximately 28 wt% sulfur.
  • Sulfur Component 3 (S-3): 2,5-Dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole containing approximately 64 wt% sulfur.
  • Sulfur Component 4 (S-4): 5,5'-dithiodi-l,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione containing approximately 64 wt% sulfur.
  • Sulfur Component 5 (S-5): Methylenebis(dibutyldithiocarbamate) containing approximately 30 wt% sulfur.
  • Phosphorus Component 1 (P-1): Trilauryl phosphite containing approximately 5.5 wt% phosphorus.
  • Phosphorus Component 2 (P-2): Di oleyl hydrogen phosphite containing approximately 5.4 wt % phosphorus.
  • Sulfur-Containing Phosphorus Component 1 (S/P-l): Mixture of ammonium phosphate and ammonium dithiophosphate containing approximately 6.1 wt% phosphorus and 5.9 wt% sulfur.
  • Sulfur-Containing Phosphorus Component 2 (S/P-2): Dialkylphosphoryl alkanoic acid containing approximately 9.3 wt% phosphorus and 19.8 wt% sulfur.
  • Sulfur-Containing Phosphorus Component 3 (S/P-3): Triphenyl phosphorothioate containing approximately 9.0 wt% phosphorus and 9.3 wt% sulfur.
  • D-l Basic Nitrogen-Containing Dispersant
  • Reference 1, Comparative Examples 1-5, Comparative Example 7, and Inventive Examples 1-8 were prepared by blending the components of the admixture as set forth in Tables 1 and 2 to generate finished fluids.
  • Comparative Example 6 was prepared by blending the basic nitrogen-containing dispersant component (D-l) with the dimercaptodithiadiazole component (S-3) at 100 °C for 2 hr to yield a homogenous, dark brown liquid. Remaining components of the admixture as set forth in Table 2 were added and blended to generate finished fluids.
  • Comparative Examples 1-5 do contain an equivalent amount of S-2 (bishydrocarbylthio-substituted dimercaptothiadiazole) as Inventive Examples 1 and 2, a synergy is observed when trialkyl phosphite (P-1) and S-l or S-2 are combined.
  • P-1 trialkyl phosphite
  • Inventive Examples 1 and 2 which contain comparable amounts of sulfur as Comparative Examples 1-5) exhibit superior wear performance.
  • Table 2 exhibit higher load stage failures compared to Comparative Example 6, which utilizes a conventional method of a basic dispersant to solubilize S-3.
  • Inventive Examples 3-5 demonstrate the synergy of trihydrocarbyl phosphites (P-1) or dihydrocarbyl phosphites (P-2) with S-3 (dimercaptothiadiazole monomer) or S-4 (dimercaptothiadiazole dimer) in which high load stage failures are observed.
  • Inventive Examples 5-7 demonstrate the surprising synergy between the alkyl phosphite (P-2) with S-3 (dimercaptothiadiazole monomer) which maintained high load stage failures even as sulfur levels and treat rates of S-4 decreased.
  • Comparing Inventive Example 8 versus Comparative Example 7 demonstrates the improved gear wear performance as a result of the synergy between the alkyl phosphite with S-4 (dimercaptothiadiazole dimer). This is particularly evident when compared against conventional S-2 (bishydrocarbylthio-substituted dimercaptothiadiazole).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition d'huile lubrifiante. La composition comprend une quantité majeure d'une huile à viscosité de lubrification ; un additif contenant du phosphore ; et au moins un additif contenant du soufre, l'additif contenant du soufre étant le thiadiazole, le dithiadiazole, le dimercaptodithiadiazole, l'oligomère de dimercaptodithiadiazole, ou un dérivé de celui-ci, ou un analogue de celui-ci.
PCT/US2024/044197 2023-08-31 2024-08-28 Composition d'huile lubrifiante Pending WO2025049582A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060035791A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2006-02-16 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Lubricating compositions containing synthetic ester base oil, molybdenum compounds and thiadiazole-based compounds
US20080194442A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2008-08-14 Watts Raymond F Methods for lubricating a transmission
US20160340493A1 (en) 2016-08-01 2016-11-24 Dover Chemical Corporation Alkylphenol-free Polymeric Polyphosphite Stabilizer for Rubber Compositions
WO2019036285A1 (fr) * 2017-08-16 2019-02-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition lubrifiante pour une transmission de véhicule électrique hybride
US20220119727A1 (en) 2020-10-16 2022-04-21 lnfineum International Limited Transmission Fluid Compositions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Applications
WO2023089427A1 (fr) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-25 Chevron Japan Ltd. Compositions d'huile lubrifiante pour véhicules électriques

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060035791A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2006-02-16 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Lubricating compositions containing synthetic ester base oil, molybdenum compounds and thiadiazole-based compounds
US20080194442A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2008-08-14 Watts Raymond F Methods for lubricating a transmission
US20160340493A1 (en) 2016-08-01 2016-11-24 Dover Chemical Corporation Alkylphenol-free Polymeric Polyphosphite Stabilizer for Rubber Compositions
WO2019036285A1 (fr) * 2017-08-16 2019-02-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition lubrifiante pour une transmission de véhicule électrique hybride
US20220119727A1 (en) 2020-10-16 2022-04-21 lnfineum International Limited Transmission Fluid Compositions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Applications
WO2023089427A1 (fr) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-25 Chevron Japan Ltd. Compositions d'huile lubrifiante pour véhicules électriques

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Title
"API Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Motor Oils and Diesel Engine Oils", December 1996, AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API, pages: 1509
A. SEQUERIA, JR.: "Lubricant Base Oil and Wax Processing", 1994, MARCEL DECKER
D. V. BROCK: "Lubrication Engineering", vol. 43, 1987, pages: 184 - 5
LESLIE R. RUDNICK: "Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications", 2003, MARCEL DEKKER
MORTIER ET AL.: "Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants", 1996, SPRINGER

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