WO2025043245A1

WO2025043245A1 - Multi-array of sensors to tailor a photobiomodulation dose

Info

Publication number: WO2025043245A1
Application number: PCT/US2024/043853
Authority: WO
Inventors: Praveen Arany; Imran Khan; Victoria DE SILVA OLIVEIRA; Sasikumar PONNUSAMY
Original assignee: Directed Energy Inc
Current assignee: Directed Energy Inc
Priority date: 2023-08-24
Filing date: 2024-08-26
Publication date: 2025-02-27
Anticipated expiration: 2026-02-24

Abstract

A sensor array for monitoring and tailoring a photobiomodulation dose is disclosed. The sensor array comprises a temperature sensor for monitoring the surface temperature at a target treatment site as photons are emitted from a photobiomodulation device onto the target treatment site.

Description

MULTI-ARRAY OF SENSORS TO TAILOR A PHOTOBIOMODULATION DOSE

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No. 63/578,610 filed August 24, 2023. The entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to photobiomodulation. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for adjusting parameters of photobiomodulation to increase efficacy.

BACKGROUND

[0003] The use of low doses of light energy that are capable of stimulating or inhibiting biological responses is termed Photobiomodulation (PBM) Therapy. A major shortcoming of the mainstream acceptance of PBM therapy has been inconsistent and irreproducible clinical benefits. Thus, it would be desirable to provide systems and methods using an array of sensors to assess the biological responses in real-time to tailor the PBM dose for optimal therapeutic benefits.

SUMMARY

[0004] It is an object of the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein to provide systems and methods to meet the above-stated needs. The embodiments can be for systems and methods for assessing and adjusting photobiomodulation doses to improve clinical benefits.

[0005] The disclosed technology includes a sensor array for tailoring a photobiomodulation dose. The sensor array may include a distance sensor for measuring a distance from a photobiomodulation device to a target treatment site/area. The sensor array may further include an optical sensor for acquiring skin tone of the target treatment site and a thermal sensor for measuring a temperature of the target treatment site.

[0006] The distance sensor may be an ultrasonic distance sensor, an infrared distance sensor, or a laser distance sensor. The optical sensor may be a digital camera. The thermal sensor may be a thermal camera.

1

301348189v4 [0007] The disclosed technology includes a system for providing a tailored photobiomodulation dose to a target treatment site. The system may include a photobiomodulation device for delivering photons to the target treatment site. The system may further include a sensor array for analyzing the target treatment site. The sensor array may include a distance sensor for measuring a distance from the photobiomodulation device to the target treatment site, an optical sensor for measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site, and a thermal sensor for measuring a temperature of the target treatment site. The system may also include a controller for adjusting one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device. The system may include a memory for storing processorexecutable instructions and a processor for executing the processor-executable instructions. The executable instructions may cause the processor to receive the distance from the photobiomodulation device to the target treatment site measured by the distance sensor, the skin tone of the target treatment site measured by the optical sensor, and the temperature of the target treatment site measured by the thermal sensor. The processor may further analyze the distance from the photobiomodulation device to the target treatment site, the skin tone of the target treatment site, and the temperature of the target treatment site. The processor may then send one or more signals to the controller to adjust the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device based on the information gathered by the sensor array.

[0008] The processor may send a signal to power off the photobiomodulation device when the temperature of the target treatment site exceeds a predetermined maximum temperature. The predetermined maximum temperature may be 42 degrees Celsius. The processor may send a signal to power on the photobiomodulation device when the temperature of the target treatment site falls below a predetermined minimum temperature. The predetermined minimum temperature may be 37 degrees Celsius. The sensor array and the photobiomodulation device may be provided on a moving platform. The moving platform may be automated to adjust the distance from the photobiomodulation device to the target treatment site. One or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device may include a wavelength of light emitted, a power of light emitted, a duration of light emitted, and the distance from the photobiomodulation device to the target treatment site. The wavelength of light emitted from the photobiomodulation device is approximately 400 nanometers to 1200 nanometers. The photobiomodulation device may include a laser or light array, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) array.

2

301348189v4 [0009] Disclosed herein are methods for tailoring a photobiomodulation dose to a target treatment site. A method may include emitting photons from a photobiomodulation device onto the target treatment site. The method may further include monitoring a temperature of the target treatment site and adjusting one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device to maintain the temperature of the target treatment site below a predetermined temperature threshold.

[0010] The method may further include a step of measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site. Measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site may be carried out prior to emitting photons from a photobiomodulation device onto the target treatment site. Adjusting the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device based on a measured skin tone may be done prior to emitting photons from a photobiomodulation device onto the target treatment site.

[0011] The method may also include measuring a biological response to the photobiomodulation dose and adjusting one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device prior to a second photobiomodulation. Adjustments to the parameters of the photobiomodulation device may be made to prevent phototoxicity.

[0012] Other aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent upon reviewing the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying figures. Additional features or manufacturing and use steps can be included as would be appreciated and understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The above and further aspects of this invention are further discussed with reference to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals indicate like structural elements and features in various figures. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating principles of the invention. The figures depict one or more implementations of the inventive devices, by way of example only, not by way of limitation. It is expected that those of skill in the art can conceive of and combine elements from multiple figures to better suit the needs of the user.

[0014] FIG. 1 is schematic of a system for monitoring and adjusting an output of a photobiomodulation device, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0015] FIG. 2A is a flow chart representing a method of adjusting an output of a photobiomodulation device, according to aspects of the present invention.

3

301348189v4 [0016] FIG. 2B is a table depicting exemplary sensors of a sensor array and their functions for adjusting parameters of a photobiomodulation device, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0017] FIG. 3A is a representation of a thermal image of a target treatment site undergoing photobiomodulation, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. 3B is a graphical representation of average temperatures measured at a target treatment site, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the effects of a photobiomodulation device on temperature at a target treatment site, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0020] FIG. 5 A is a depiction of a wound evaluated over a seven day period, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 5B is a graphical representation of wound closure after a seven day period, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 5C is a depiction of a wound evaluated over a seven day period, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 5D is a graphical representation of wound closure after a seven day period, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0024] FIG. 6 is a depiction of a scoring system used to evaluate a skin tone at a target treatment site, according to aspects of the present invention.

[0025] FIG. 7 is a Western blot and bar graph for ATF-4 expression assessed following photobiomodulation treatments, according to aspects of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Specific examples of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the Figures, where identical reference numbers indicate elements which are functionally similar or identical. The examples provide solutions for monitoring and adjusting parameters of a photobiomodulation (PBM) device. A sensor array may be utilized to monitor a target treatment site during a photobiomodulation dose or event. Information gathered by the sensor array may be utilized to adjust the parameters of a photobiomodulation device emitting photons onto the target treatment site. The target treatment site may be tissue or a skin surface of a subject.

4

301348189v4 [0027] The invention is not necessarily limited to the examples described, which can be varied in construction and detail. As used herein, the terms "about" or "approximately" for any numerical values or ranges indicate a suitable dimensional tolerance that allows the part or collection of components to function for its intended purpose as described herein. More specifically, "about" or "approximately" may refer to the range of values ±20% of the recited value, e.g., "about 90%" may refer to the range of values from 71% to 99%.

[0028] With reference to FIG. 1, a system 100 for providing a tailored photobiomodulation dose to a target treatment site 150 is depicted, according to some examples. In some examples, the system 100 comprises a photobiomodulation device 135 for delivering photons 140 to the target treatment site 150. The system further includes a sensor array 105 for analyzing the target treatment site 150. The sensor array 105 may comprise a distance sensor 110 for measuring a distance (d) from a photobiomodulation device 135 to the target treatment site 150. The sensor array 105 may further comprise an optical sensor 115 for measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site 150. The sensor array 105 may further comprise a thermal sensor 120 for measuring a temperature of the target treatment site 150.

[0029] In some examples, the system includes a processor 125 operatively coupled to the sensor array 105 to receive a distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device 135 to the target treatment site 150 measured by the distance sensor 110. The processor 125 may further receive the skin tone of the target treatment site 150 measured by the optical sensor 115. The processor 125 may further receive the temperature of the target treatment site 150 measured by the thermal sensor 120. In some examples, the processor 125 analyzes the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device 135 to the target treatment site 150, the skin tone of the target treatment site 150, and/or the temperature of the target treatment site 150. After analysis of the information received from the sensors of the sensor array 105, the processor may send one or more signals to the controller 130 to adjust the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device 135 based on the data acquired by the sensor array. In some examples, the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device 135 comprise a wavelength of light emitted, a power of light emitted, a duration of light emitted, and the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device 135 to the target treatment site.

[0030] The system 100 may include a memory 126, for storing processor-executable instructions, operatively coupled to the processor 125. The processor 126 may analyze the distance

5

301348189v4 (d) from the photobiomodulation device 135 to the target treatment site 1 0, the skin tone of the target treatment site 150, and the temperature of the target treatment site 150 based on the processor-executable instructions stored in the memory 126. The processor 125 may then derive signals based on the processor-executable instructions to send to the controller 130 to adjust the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device 135 based on the information gathered by the sensor array 105. The memory 126 may comprise a non-transitory computer readable medium.

[0031] As disclosed herein, the photobiomodulation device 135 is configured to emit photons 140 to the target treatment site 150 to provide a photobiomodulation dose. In some examples, the photobiomodulation device 135 comprises a laser or light array. In some examples, the light array may comprise a light-emitting diode LED array. In some examples, the wavelength of light emitted from the photobiomodulation device 135 is approximately 400 nanometers to 1200 nanometers. [0032] Parameters of a photobiomodulation dose or event may include wavelength, irradiance and fluence of the emitted photons incident on the target treatment site 150. Irradiance is defined as the incident laser power per unit surface area and is expressed in watts/cm² (E). Fluence is the energy Q (J) that reaches a surface area of “A” cm² due to an irradiance E (W/cm²). If maintained for a particular duration of time “f ’ seconds, fluence may be expressed as J/cm². Treatments with different power but equal fluence have shown that the infrared wavelengths may induce a higher cell proliferation than visible wavelengths. Light sources of equal power output may show a similar effect on fibroblast proliferation independently of their wavelengths. However, neither irradiance nor fluence may be precise in predicting phototoxicity. An assimilation of transferred energy, as measured by increase in temperature, may be critical for phototoxicity responses. The transfer is determined by rate (Irradiance mW/cm²) and time that determines total energy (fluence) but must be 'constrained' (dictated by thermal relaxation time, diffusion, anisotropy) within the system to evoke a biological response.

[0033] As disclosed herein, a rise in surface temperature may be an accurate predictor of phototoxicity and efficacy of photobiomodulation doses. In some examples, the thermal sensor 120 of the sensor array 105 is utilized to monitor temperature at a treatment site during a photobiomodulation dose. The thermal sensor 120 may comprise a thermal camera (e.g., an infrared camera), a temperature probe, a thermometer, or a combination thereof. By monitoring

6

301348189v4 temperature at the target treatment site, the system may produce effective PBM doses regardless of the wavelengths of light emitted by the PBM device.

[0034] In some examples, the processor 125 is operatively coupled to the thermal sensor 120 and sends a signal to power off the photobiomodulation device 135 when the temperature of the target treatment site 150 measured by the thermal sensor 120 exceeds a predetermined maximum temperature. In some examples, the predetermined maximum temperature is 42 degrees Celsius.

[0035] In some examples, the photobiomodulation device 135 may be powered on and off such that the surface temperature at the treatment site is maintained between 37 degrees Celsius and 42 degrees Celsius. FIG. 3A depicts an exemplary image obtained by a thermal camera showing a rise in temperature at a treatment site 150 caused by a photobiomodulation dose. FIG. 3B is a graph depicting the surface temperature 310 of a control, where no photobiomodulation is applied, versus the surface temperature 315 during a photobiomodulation (PBM) event.

[0036] FIG. 4 is a graph 400 depicting surface temperature measurements 415 during an exemplary operation of the system described herein versus a surface temperature 410 of a control wherein no photobiomodulation is applied. In some examples, as the surface temperature reaches a maximum threshold the PBM device is turned off. In some examples, as the surface temperature reaches a minimum threshold the PBM device is turned on. In some examples, the PBM device is turned on and off to maintain the surface temperature 415 during application of a photobiomodulation dose, thereby maintaining an elevated surface temperature at the target treatment site during the duration of the dose. In some examples, the maximum threshold temperature is 43 degrees Celsius. In some examples, the minimum threshold temperature is 37 degrees Celsius. In some examples, the temperature should reach no higher than 45 degrees Celsius to prevent phototoxicity, charring, or other damage to tissue.

[0037] Referring back to FIG. 1, according to some examples, the distance sensor 110 is provided to measure a distance (d) from the PBM device to the target treatment area 150. In some examples, the distance (d) is adjustable. In some examples, the sensor array 105 and the photobiomodulation device 135 are physically coupled, such that the distance between the distance sensor 110 and the PBM device 135 is fixed. In some examples, the photobiomodulation device 135 is provided on a movable platform. In some examples, the movement of such a platform is automated to adjust the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device 135 to the target treatment site 150. The distance (d) may be adjusted such that to increase or decrease the fluence

7

301348189v4 of photons 140 emitted onto the target treatment site 150 during an application of a photobiomodulation dose. In some examples, the photobiomodulation device 135 may be handheld or manually manipulated, such that a user may manually adjust the distance (d) between the PBM device 135 and the target treatment site 150. In this case, power of the PBM device and/or duration which the photons 140 are emitted may be adjusted to account for changed in distance (d) measured by the distance sensor 110. The distance sensor 110 may be an ultrasonic distance sensor, an infrared distance sensor, or a laser distance sensor.

[0038] In some examples, the sensor array 105 comprises an optical sensor 115. The optical sensor 115 may be utilized for measuring a skin tone (i.e., a color, shade, or complexion of the tissue) at the target treatment site. In some examples, the optical sensor 115 is a color digital camera. In some examples, the optical sensor 115 is a three-dimensional (3D) profilometry camera. Use of such a 3D camera may facilitate more accurate measurement of the distance (d) between the PBM device 135 and the target treatment area 150. In some examples, a 3D camera will allow for minor adjustment of the parameters of the PBM device 135 to account for three-dimensional topography in the target treatment area 150. Images acquired by the optical sensor 115 may also be utilized to track progress at a target treatment site (e.g., healing of a wound). For example, FIGS. 5A and 5C depict a series of images to track wound closure taken over seven days. FIG. 5 A depicts wound closure progress of a control (i.e., no PBM applied) versus a PBM treated site over seven days for a darker skin tone. The results are plotted in the bar graph of FIG. 5B. FIG. 5C a depicts wound closure progress of a control (i.e., no PBM applied) versus a PBM treated site over seven days for a lighter skin tone. The results are plotted in the bar graph of FIG. 5D.

[0039] In some examples, the skin tone of tissue at the target treatment site 150 is measured prior to emitting photons from the photobiomodulation device 135. In some examples, the processor 125 receives the image of the target treatment site 150 from the optical sensor 115 and assigns a score based to the skin tone. With reference to FIG. 6, in some examples, the skin tone at the target treatment site is categorized into one of six different types depending on the score, Type I being the lightest and Type VI being the darkest. One or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device 135 may be adjusted based on the skin tone score. For example, since darker skin types may be resistant to burning some examples, the power and/or duration of the PBM dose may be increased for darker skin types to result in a more effective PBM dosage.

8

301348189v4 [0040] In some examples, the parameters of the PBM device account for a specific biological response that can be broadly categorized into five protocols. These are relieving pain or inflammation, modulating the immune response, and promoting tissue healing and regeneration. These therapeutic categories have been noted to require discrete sets of PBM parameters. This can be selectively accomplished by reprogramming cellular bioenergetics and metabolism via a specific PBM-induced signaling pathway.

[0041] In some examples, biological response to the photobiomodulation dose is measured and one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device 135 may be adjusted prior to a subsequent photobiomodulation dose to prevent phototoxicity and/or validate efficacy of the dose. Discrete biomarkers and their expression levels can determine the optimal PBM dosage. The biomarkers may be categorized into three panels. The first panel comprises molecular-cellular damage threshold markers that include ATF-4, KEAP1, Nrf2, NFkB, and the like. The second set of biomarkers may be involved with the PBM therapeutic responses which include TGF-beta 1, Cytochrome C Oxidase, Nitric Oxide, Purinergic receptors, a range of non-visual Opsins, and the like. The third set of biomarkers may be specific to either disease or wellness pathophysiology such as cardiovascular health, aging, respiratory, neurocognitive, muscle performance, and the like.

[0042] In some examples, the sensor array 105 further includes a resonance Raman spectroscope 122 for measuring redox levels in real-time. In some examples, reducing or neutralizing redox levels reduces phototoxicity at the target treatment site 150. In some examples, the a resonance Raman spectroscope 122 monitors the target treatment site 150 for slight changes in redox levels which can signify a therapeutic response to a photobiomodulation dose.

[0043] FIG. 7 is Western blot and corresponding bar graph for ATF-4 expression assessed following PBM treatments with 4 different dosages at dose 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5W (0 to 10mW7cm2). The increase of AFT-4 expression may correspond to increased efficacy of a PBM dosage.

[0044] In some examples, the system is configured to normalize delivery of the PBM dose over the area of the target treatment site. In some examples, an optical diffuser is utilized to normalize the PBM dose over the target treatment area. In some examples, delivery of PBM dose is performed with automated movements (raster, circular, & stamping) using single or multiple probes and a programmable robotic system. The robotic system may be a six-axis robotic system. Further, delivery within a precise anatomical plane or internal site can be accomplished with spatial and

9

301348189v4 temporal triangulation. The dosing may be precisely accomplished using Artificial Intelligence, and iterative Machine Learning algorithms using Quantum Computing.

[0045] FIG. 2A depicts a method for tailoring a PBM dosage, according to some examples. In some examples, at step 225, data acquired from the sensors 210, 215, 220 are analyzed (e.g., by a processor). At step 230, based on the analysis signals are derived and sent to the controller of the PBM device to adjust the parameters (e.g., power of light emitted, a duration of light emitted, and the distance from the photobiomodulation device to the target treatment site). At step 235, a determination may be made as to if any problems exist within the information acquired by the sensors. As disclosed herein, additional information, such as biomarkers and their expression levels, may be considered and the parameters of the PBM device may be further adjusted.

[0046] FIG. 2B depicts an example of sensors to be used in the system, their functions, and the resulting actions. In some examples, the distance sensor measures a real-time distance from the PBM device to the target treatment area. Based on the measured distance the output of the PBM device or the treatment duration may be adjusted. In some examples, the optical sensor (e.g., a digital color camera) measures a skin tone of the target treatment area. Based on the measured skin tone the output of the PBM device or the wavelength of the photons emitted by the PBM device be adjusted. In some examples, the thermal sensor (e.g., a thermal camera) measures a surface temperature of the target treatment area. Based on the measured surface temperature the output of the PBM device may be adjusted turned on/ off. In some examples, Machine Learning may be utilized to account for historical data or data acquired outside of the system to improve the efficacy of PBM dosage by analyzing input parameters and resulting effects on a target treatment site. In some examples, the system further includes a fourth sensor, which may be a resonance ramen spectroscope to measure redox levels in real-time.

[0047] It should be recognized that the systems and methods herein find various practical application. The systems and methods disclosed herein may utilized to promote wound healing using photobiomodulation and injury sites, surgical sites, and the like. The photobiomodulation may be applied to skin tissue, organ tissue, oral mucosa, etc. The systems and methods disclosed herein may utilized to monitor surgical cutting using lasers. The systems and methods disclosed herein may utilized to monitor other applications of photons incident on a surface, such as curing of photopolymers.

10

301348189v4 [0048] Examples of the present disclosure can be implemented by any of the following numbered clauses:

[0049] Clause 1 : A sensor array (105) for tailoring a photobiomodulation dose, comprising: a distance sensor (110) for measuring a distance (d) from a photobiomodulation device (135) to a target treatment site (150); an optical sensor (115) for acquiring skin tone of the target treatment site (150); and a thermal sensor (120) for measuring a temperature of the target treatment site.

[0050] Clause 2: The sensor array (105) of Clause 1, wherein the distance sensor is an ultrasonic distance sensor, an infrared distance sensor, or a laser distance sensor.

[0051] Clause 3: The sensor array (105) of Clause 2, wherein the distance sensor is an ultrasonic distance sensor.

[0052] Clause 4: The sensor array (105) of any one of Clauses 1 to 3, wherein the optical sensor (115) is a digital camera.

[0053] Clause 5: The sensor array (105) of any one of Clauses 1 to 4, wherein the thermal sensor (120) is a thermal camera.

[0054] Clause 6: The sensor array (105) of any one of Clauses 1 to 4, further comprising a resonance Raman spectroscope (122).

[0055] Clause 7: A system (100) for providing a tailored photobiomodulation dose to a target treatment site (150), comprising: a photobiomodulation device (135) for delivering photons (140) to the target treatment site (150); and a sensor array (105) for analyzing the target treatment site (150), the sensor array (105) comprising: a distance sensor (110) for measuring a distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150); an optical sensor (115) for measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site (150); and a thermal sensor (120) for measuring a temperature of the target treatment site (15).

[0056] Clause 8: The system (100) of Clause 7, further comprising: a memory (126) storing processor-executable instructions; a controller (130) for adjusting one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135); and a processor (125) for executing the processor-executable instructions to perform the steps of: receiving the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150) measured by the distance sensor (110), receiving the skin tone of the target treatment site (150) measured by the optical sensor (115), receiving the temperature of the target treatment site (150) measured by the thermal sensor (120), analyzing the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150), the skin

11

301348189v4 tone of the target treatment site (150), the temperature of the target treatment site (1 0), and sending one or more signals to the controller to adjust the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135).

[0057] Clause 9: The system (100) of Clause 8, wherein the processor (125) sends a signal to power off the photobiomodulation device (135) when the temperature of the target treatment site (150) exceeds a predetermined maximum temperature.

[0058] Clause 10: The system (100) of Clause 9, wherein the predetermined maximum temperature is 42 degrees Celsius.

[0059] Clause 11 : The system (100) of any one of clauses 8-10 , wherein the processor (125) sends a signal to power on the photobiomodulation device (135) when the temperature of the target treatment site (150) falls below a predetermined minimum temperature.

[0060] Clause 12: The system (100) of clause 11, wherein the predetermined minimum temperature is 37 degrees Celsius.

[0061] Clause 13: The system (100) of any one of Clauses 6 to 12, wherein the sensor array (105) and the photobiomodulation device (135) are provided on a moving platform.

[0062] Clause 14: The system (100) of Clause 13, wherein the moving platform is automated to adjust the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150). [0063] Clause 15: The system (100) of any one of Clauses 7 to 14, wherein the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135) comprise a wavelength of light emitted, a power of light emitted, a duration of light emitted, and the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site.

[0064] Clause 16: The system (100) of Clause 15, wherein the wavelength of light emitted from the photobiomodulation device (135) is approximately 400 nanometers to 1200 nanometers.

[0065] Clause 17: The system (100) of any one of Clauses 6 to 16, wherein the photobiomodulation device (135) comprises a laser or light array.

[0066] Clause 18: The system (100) of Clause 17, wherein the light array comprises a lightemitting diode (LED) array.

[0067] Clause 19: A method for tailoring a photobiomodulation dose to a target treatment site (150) comprising: emitting photons from a photobiomodulation device (135) onto the target treatment site (150); monitoring a temperature of the target treatment site (150); and adjusting one

12

301348189v4 or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135) to maintain the temperature of the target treatment site below a predetermined temperature threshold.

[0068] Clause 20: The method of Clause 19, wherein the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135) comprise a power state of the photobiomodulation device (135), a power of light emitted from the photobiomodulation device (135), and a distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150).

[0069] Clause 21 : The method of Clause 20, further comprising a step of measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site (150).

[0070] Clause 22: The method of Clause 21, wherein the step of measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site (150) is carried out prior to emitting photons from the photobiomodulation device (135) onto the target treatment site (150), and a step of adjusting the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135) based on a measured skin tone prior to emitting photons from the photobiomodulation device (135) onto the target treatment site (150).

[0071] Clause 23: The method of any one of Clauses 19 to 22, further comprising a step of measuring a biological response to the photobiomodulation dose and adjusting one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135) prior to a second photobiomodulation dose to prevent phototoxicity.

[0072] In describing example embodiments, terminology has been resorted to for the sake of clarity. As a result, not all possible combinations have been listed, and such variants are often apparent to those of skill in the art and are intended to be within the scope of the claims which follow. It is intended that each term contemplates its broadest meaning as understood by those skilled in the art and includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. It is also to be understood that the mention of one or more steps of a method does not preclude the presence of additional method steps or intervening method steps between those steps expressly identified. Similarly, some steps of a method can be performed in a different order than those described herein without departing from the scope of the disclosed technology.

13

301348189v4

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A sensor array (105) for tailoring a photobiomodulation dose, comprising: a distance sensor (110) for measuring a distance (d) from a photobiomodulation device (135) to a target treatment site (150); an optical sensor ( 115)for acquiring skin tone of the target treatment site (150); and a thermal sensor (120) for measuring a temperature of the target treatment site.

2. The sensor array (105) of claim 1, wherein the distance sensor is an ultrasonic distance sensor, an infrared distance sensor, or a laser distance sensor.

3. The sensor array (105) of claim 2, wherein the distance sensor is an ultrasonic distance sensor.

4. The sensor array (105) of claim 1, wherein the optical sensor (115) is a digital camera.

5. The sensor array (105) of claim 1, wherein the thermal sensor (120) is a thermal camera.

6. The sensor array (105) of claim 1, further comprising a resonance Raman spectroscope

(122).

7. A system (100) for providing a tailored photobiomodulation dose to a target treatment site (150), comprising: a photobiomodulation device (135) for delivering photons (140) to the target treatment site (150); and a sensor array (105) for analyzing the target treatment site (150), the sensor array (105) comprising: a distance sensor (110) for measuring a distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150); an optical sensor (115) for measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site (150); and a thermal sensor (120) for measuring a temperature of the target treatment site (150).

8. The system (100) of claim 7, further comprising: a memory (126) storing processor-executable instructions;

14

301348189v4 a controller (130) for adjusting one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135); and a processor (125) for executing the processor-executable instruction to perform the steps of: receiving the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150) measured by the distance sensor (110), receiving the skin tone of the target treatment site (150) measured by the optical sensor (115), receiving the temperature of the target treatment site (150) measured by the thermal sensor (120); analyzing the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150), the skin tone of the target treatment site (150), the temperature of the target treatment site (150); and sending one or more signals to the controller to adjust the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135).

9. The system (100) of claim 8, wherein the processor (125) sends a signal to power off the photobiomodulation device (135) when the temperature of the target treatment site (150) exceeds a predetermined maximum temperature.

10. The system (100) of claim 9, wherein the predetermined maximum temperature is 42 degrees Celsius.

11. The system (100) of claim 9, wherein the processor (125) sends a signal to power on the photobiomodulation device (135) when the temperature of the target treatment site (150) falls below a predetermined minimum temperature.

12. The system (100) of claim 11, wherein the predetermined minimum temperature is 37 degrees Celsius.

13. The system (100) of claim 9, wherein the sensor array (105) and the photobiomodulation device (135) are provided on a moving platform.

15

301348189v4

14. The system (100) of claim 13, wherein the moving platform automated to adjust the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150) is adjustable.

15. The system (100) of claim 9, wherein the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135) comprise a wavelength of light emitted, a power of light emitted, a duration of light emitted, and the distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site.

16. The system (100) of claim 15, wherein the wavelength of light emitted from the of the photobiomodulation device (135) is approximately 400 nanometers to 1200 nanometers.

17. The system (100) of claim 15, wherein the photobiomodulation device (135) comprises a laser or light array.

18. The system (100) of claim 17, wherein the light array comprises a light-emitting diode (LED) array.

19. A method for tailoring a photobiomodulation dose to a target treatment site (150) comprising: emitting photons from a photobiomodulation device (135) onto the target treatment site (150); monitoring a temperature of the target treatment site (150); and adjusting one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135) to maintain the temperature of the target treatment site below a predetermined temperature threshold.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135) comprise a power state of the photobiomodulation device (135), a power of light emitted from the photobiomodulation device (135), and a distance (d) from the photobiomodulation device (135) to the target treatment site (150).

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising a step of measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site (150).

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of measuring a skin tone of the target treatment site (150) is carried out prior to emitting photons from photobiomodulation device (135) onto the target treatment site (150), and a step of adjusting the one or more parameters of the

16

301348189v4 photobiomodulation device (135) based on a measured skin tone prior to emitting photons from the photobiomodulation device (135) onto the target treatment site (150).

23. The method of claim 19, further comprising a step of measuring a biological response to the photobiomodulation dose and adjusting one or more parameters of the photobiomodulation device (135) prior to a second photobiomodulation dose to prevent phototoxicity.

17

301348189v4