WO2025042949A2

WO2025042949A2 - Methods and compositions for immune system regulation

Info

Publication number: WO2025042949A2
Application number: PCT/US2024/043163
Authority: WO
Inventors: Henri AHOKOSKI; Mehreen ANJUM; Oliver Hasselwander; Pilvi HEPO-OJA; Ashley Ann Hibberd; Johanna HIRVONEN; Helene M A Kane; Terhi KOSKELA; Ritesh Kumar; Markus LEHTINEN; Jenni Maria LILJAVIRTA; Sanna Maria MÄKELÄ; Pia Johanna Marjatta MAUKONEN; Krista Maaria SALLI; Neeta SENGUPTA; Nicolas YEUNG
Original assignee: International N&H Denmark ApS; Nutrition and Biosciences USA 4 Inc
Current assignee: International N&H Denmark ApS; Nutrition and Biosciences USA 4 Inc
Priority date: 2023-08-22
Filing date: 2024-08-21
Publication date: 2025-02-27
Anticipated expiration: 2026-02-22
Also published as: WO2025042949A3

Abstract

Provided herein, inter alia, are compositions comprising one or more substantially pure strains of bacteria as well as methods of making and using the same to treat and/or prevent one or more immune system related disorders and to regulate the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof.

Description

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR IMMUNE SYSTEM REGULATION CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63/578,003, filed August 22, 2023, and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63/605,714, filed December 4, 2023, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF SEQUENCE LISTING [0002] The Sequence Listing submitted in an XML file, in accordance with 37 C.F.R. §§2412 is incorporated herein by reference. The xml file name is “NB42223WOPCT_Seq_List.xml”, the date of creation of the xml file is August 12, 2024, and the size of the xml file in bytes is 19,712. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0003] Provided herein, inter alia, are bacterial compositions useful for regulating (i.e. boosting, stimulating or downregulating) immune system function and immune system function mediators in subjects, as well as methods for making and using the same. BACKGROUND [0004] The human immune system is a complex network of organs, cells and proteins that work together to maintain a homeostatic state in the body. Balanced interactions between human immune cells and commensal microbes are important not only for aiding in the maintenance of this homeostatic state, but for prevention of infection, maturation of lymphoid tissues and functional development of immune cells. [0005] Animal studies with germ free mice have shown that the immune system does not develop or function properly without microbiota, and immunological dysregulation has been associated with a variety of human diseases (Round & Mazmanian 2009). Probiotics have been found to enhance innate immunity and modulate pathogen-induced inflammation via various mechanisms, including toll-like receptor-regulated signaling pathways. First-generation probiotics are live microorganisms mainly derived from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are often minor constituents of the digestive tract or originate from use Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT as dairy starter cultures. However, in most cases the clinical efficacy of first-generation probiotics and the mechanism of action are both unclear. Unlike opportunistic pathogens, which elicit immune responses that result in tissue damage during infection, some naturally occurring/commensal bacterial species have been shown not only to prevent inflammatory disease during colonization, but to induce inflammation under particular conditions. [0006] What is needed, therefore, are additional microorganisms identified based on their natural occurrence in healthy individuals and which have been selected based on their ability to maintain and optimize immune health and prevent disease. [0007] The subject matter disclosed herein addresses these needs and provides additional benefits as well. SUMMARY [0008] Provided herein, inter alia, are methods of treating and/preventing of one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, which include administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of a bacterial species. [0009] In some embodiments, the one or more substantially pure bacterial species are commensal bacterial species. In some embodiments, the one or more substantially pure bacterial species is selected from an Akkermansia species, and Alistipes species, a Bacteroides species, a Barnesiella species, an Intestinimonas species, an Oscillibacter species and a Phocaeicola species. [0010] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is selected from an Akkermansia species. [0011] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is an Akkermansia species. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia species is not (i) Akkermansia muciniphila; or (ii) Akkermansia glycaniphila. In some embodiments, the the Akkermansia species includes a genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with Akkermansia massiliensis. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia species includes Akkermansia massiliensis. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia species includes the Akkermansia species deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Akkermansia species deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0012] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is an Alistipes species. In some embodiments, the Alistipes species is Alistipes inops and/or Alistipes onderdonkii. In some embodiments, the Alistipes inops is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes inops strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031; and the Alistipes onderdonkii is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes onderdonkii deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033. [0013] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is a Bacteroides species. In some embodiments, the Bacteroides species is Bacteroides finegoldii. In some embodiments, the Bacteroides finegoldii is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013. [0014] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is a Barnesiella species. In some embodiments, the Barnesiella species is Barnesiella intestinihominis. In some embodiments, the Barnesiella intestinihominis is a) the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012; and/or b) the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032. [0015] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is an Intestinimonas species. In some embodiments, the Intestinimonas species is a Intestinimonas massiliensis. In some embodiments, the Intestinimonas massiliensis is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460. [0016] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is an Oscillibacter species. In some embodiments, the Oscillibacter species has a genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with the Oscillibacter species deposited under DSM 34011. In some embodiments, the Oscillibacter strain is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011 Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Oscillibacter species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011. [0017] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is a Phocaeicola species. In some embodiments, the Phocaeicola species is Phocaeicola vulgatus. In some embodiments, the Phocaeicola vulgatus is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Phocaeicola species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030. [0018] In some embodiments, the treating and/or preventing includes stimulation of the immune response in the subject. In some embodiments, the treating and/or preventing includes downregulation of the immune response in the subject. In some embodiments, the treating and/or preventing includes regulation of the production of one or more immune system function mediators. [0019] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators are produced by dendritic cells, macrophages or a combination of both. In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators include IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, TGF-β and/or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are increased or decreased by at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% in comparison to the level of immune system function mediators in the subject before administration of the composition. [0020] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators induce an immunoboosting or immunostimulatory effect. In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators induce an anti-inflammatory effect. In some embodiments, the one or more immune system related disorders are selected from viral infections, bacterial infections, yeast infections, parasitic infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, oncologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and disorders related to aging. In some embodiments, the one or more immune system related disorders is not a metabolic disorder. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0021] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system related disorders include acute inflammatory disorders or chronic inflammatory disorders. In some embodiments, the inflammatory related disorders are selected from irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, non-atopic eczema, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, cancer treatment associated mucositis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, Addison's disease, alopecia, ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, Behcet's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, fibromyalgia, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus, Meniere's disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, or vitiligo. [0022] In some embodiments, the composition includes a probiotic, a prebiotic, postbiotic, human milk oligosaccharides, xylitol, betaine, and/or a botanical. In some embodiments, the composition has been pasteurized or heat treated. In some embodiments, the composition is lyophilized or freeze dried or spray dried. In some embodiments, the composition is encapsulated or coated. In some embodiments, the composition is a pharmaceutical composition and further includes at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated as a tablet, lozenge, prolonged-release capsule, prolonged-release granule, powder, sachet, nasal spray, ointment, serum, lotion or gummy. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated as a food product, nutritional product, food ingredient, dietary supplement, or medicament. [0023] In some embodiments, the composition includes at least about 1 x 10⁴ CFU/g to at least about 1 x 10¹⁴ CFU/g of a substantially pure strain of any of the bacterial species provided herein. In some embodiments, the treating and/or preventing includes administering the composition for at least 1 day. In some embodiments, the treating and/or preventing includes administering the composition for at least 1 week. In some embodiments, the treating and/or preventing includes administering the composition for at least one month. [0024] Provided herein is a method of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, which includes administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure bacterial species. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0025] In some embodiments, the one or more substantially pure bacterial species are commensal bacterial species. In some embodiments, the one or more substantially pure bacterial species is selected from an Akkermansia species, and Alistipes species, a Bacteroides species, a Barnesiella species, an Intestinimonas species, an Oscillibacter species and a Phocaeicola species. [0026] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is selected from an Akkermansia species. [0027] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is an Akkermansia species. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia species is not (i) Akkermansia muciniphila; or (ii) Akkermansia glycaniphila. In some embodiments, the the Akkermansia species includes a genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with Akkermansia massiliensis. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia species includes Akkermansia massiliensis. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia species includes the Akkermansia species deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Akkermansia species deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459. [0028] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is an Alistipes species. In some embodiments, the Alistipes species is Alistipes inops and/or Alistipes onderdonkii. In some embodiments, the Alistipes inops is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes inops strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031; and the Alistipes onderdonkii is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes onderdonkii deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033. [0029] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is a Bacteroides species. In some embodiments, the Bacteroides species is Bacteroides finegoldii. In some embodiments, the Bacteroides finegoldii is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013. [0030] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is a Barnesiella species. In some embodiments, the Barnesiella species is Barnesiella intestinihominis. In some embodiments, the Barnesiella intestinihominis is a) the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012; and/or b) the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032. [0031] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is an Intestinimonas species. In some embodiments, the Intestinimonas species is a Intestinimonas massiliensis. In some embodiments, the Intestinimonas massiliensis is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460. [0032] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is an Oscillibacter species. In some embodiments, the Oscillibacter species has a genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with the Oscillibacter species deposited under DSM 34011. In some embodiments, the Oscillibacter strain is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Oscillibacter species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011. [0033] In some embodiments, the bacterial species is a Phocaeicola species. In some embodiments, the Phocaeicola species is Phocaeicola vulgatus. In some embodiments, the Phocaeicola vulgatus is the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Phocaeicola species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030. [0034] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators are produced by dendritic cells, macrophages or a combination of both. In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators include IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, TGF-β and/or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators are increased or decreased by 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% in comparison to the level of immune system function mediators in the subject before administration of the composition. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0035] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators induce an immunoboosting or immunostimulatory effect. In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators induce an anti-inflammatory effect. In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators are associated with an immune system related disorder. In some embodiments, the immune system related disorder includes non-inflammatory disorders, acute inflammatory disorders and/or chronic inflammatory disorders. [0036] In some embodiments, the composition includes a probiotic, a prebiotic, postbiotic, human milk oligosaccharides, xylitol, betaine, and/or a botanical. In some embodiments, the composition has been pasteurized or heat treated. In some embodiments, the composition is lyophilized, freeze dried or spray dried. In some embodiments, the composition is encapsulated or coated. In some embodiments, the composition is a pharmaceutical composition and further includes at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated as a tablet, lozenge, prolonged-release capsule, prolonged-release granule, powder, sachet, nasal spray, ointment, serum, lotion or gummy. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated as a food product, food ingredient, dietary supplement, or medicament. In some embodiments, the composition includes at least about 1 x 10⁴ CFU/g to at least about 1 x 10¹⁴ CFU/g of a substantially pure strain of an Akkermansia species. [0037] Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein are capable of being used together, unless excluded either explicitly or clearly from the context of the embodiment or aspect. [0038] Throughout this specification, various patents, patent applications and other types of publications (e.g., journal articles, electronic database entries, etc.) are referenced. The disclosure of all patents, patent applications, and other publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0039] FIG.1 depicts a phylogenetic tree constructed for 1000 single-copy genes for select type strains of Akkermansia, including the species Akkermansia massiliensis sp. nov. (Marseille- P6666T) and Akkermansia timonensis sp. nov. (Akk0196T) (Ndongo et al, 2022). The tree was Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT constructed with neighbor-joining method with 100 bootstraps. Numbers represent bootstrap values. The legend bar indicates the Robinson-Foulds phylogenetic distance. [0040] FIG.2 depicts cytokine production as pg/ml from cell culture supernatants for macrophages stimulated at 24 hours with Akkermansia muciniphila DSM22959 or Akkermansia massiliensis DSM33459, with plain media used as a negative control with standard error. Statistical significance between the different stimulus is presented as ns = not significant, * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, and **** = p<0.0001. [0041] FIG.3 depicts cytokine production as pg/ml from cell culture supernatants for dendritic cells stimulated at 24 hours with Akkermansia muciniphila DSM22959 or Akkermansia massiliensis DSM33459, with plain media used as a negative control with standard error. Statistical significance between the different stimulus is presented as ns = not significant, * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, and **** = p<0.0001. [0042] FIG.4 depicts a phylogenetic tree constructed for 1000 single-copy genes for select type strains of Oscillibacter-like species including type strains and other publicly available genomes, including the species Oscillibacter sp. nov. (DSM34011). The tree was constructed with neighbor-joining method with 100 bootstraps. Numbers represent bootstrap values. The legend bar indicates the Robinson-Foulds phylogenetic distance. [0043] FIG.5 depicts cytokine production as log10 fold change over negative control from cell culture supernatants for macrophages stimulated at 24 hours with Alistipes inops DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 34013, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. DSM 34011, and Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM 34030, with plain media used as a negative control with box plot showing median and whiskers at min and max. Statistical significance between the different stimulus is presented as ns = not significant, * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, and **** = p<0.0001. [0044] FIG.6 depicts cytokine production as log10 fold change over negative control from cell culture supernatants for dendritic cells stimulated at 24 hours with Alistipes inops DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 34013, Barnesiella Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT intestinihominis DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. DSM 34011, and Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM 34030, with plain media used as a negative control with box plot showing median and whiskers at min and max. Statistical significance between the different stimulus is presented as ns = not significant, * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, and **** = p<0.0001. [0045] FIGs.7A-7C depict analytes tested on a multiplex assay panel (Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Screening Panel) including interleukin (IL) 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10, a.k.a. CXCL10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1, a.k.a. C-C motif chemokine 2 or CCL2) for macrophage like cells incubated in the presence of Akkermansia massiliensis DSM33459 (Amas DSM33459), Akkermanisa massiliensis type strain CECT 30548 (Amas(TS)), or Akkermansia muciniphila DSM 22959 (Amuc) strains either alone (no challenge, (FIG.7A) or in the presence of two separate stimulatory compounds to macrophages: a combination of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyIC) at 15 µg/ml and Resiquimod (R848) at 5 µM (PolyIC, FIG.7C), or a TNFα challenge added at a final concentration of 1 ng/ml TNF-α (FIG.7B). DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0046] Probiotic bacteria, for example from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have been shown through various studies to support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria colonies. Although the epithelial barrier ensures that microorganisms are largely confined to the gut, microbial metabolites can penetrate the epithelial barrier, allowing them to enter and accumulate in the host circulatory system where they are sensed by immune cells. Therefore, commensal microbial organisms are capable of modulating systemic immune through their effects on several cell types, including epithelial cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, and have the potential to exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, and aid in the proper function of the immune system. For example, Akkermansia is a common genus in the human intestinal tract, and although it has been associated with beneficial effects on human health, most of the evidence to date has been evaluated for the Akkermansia muciniphila species. Akkermansia massiliensis is a novel anaerobic bacterial strain isolated from feces from a healthy human donor whose role in human immune health has thus far not been established. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0047] The inventors of the instant application have surprisingly found that several microorganisms found outside of the commonly used probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, including Akkermansia massiliensis, Alistipes inops DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 34013, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. DSM 34011, and Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM 34030, can successfully modulate immune system function mediators in various types of cells, with potential applications to immune system related disorders. I. Definitions [0048] As used herein, "microorganism" or “microbe” refers to a bacterium, a fungus, a virus, a protozoan, and other microbes or microscopic organisms. [0049] As used here in the term “probiotic” refers to a composition for consumption by animals (i.e. as an or as a component of animal feed) that contains viable (i.e. live) microorganisms, i.e. microorganisms that are capable of living and reproducing that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on a subject (see Hill et al.2014 Nature Revs Gastro & Hep 11, 506-514, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). A probiotic may include one or more (such as any of 1, 2, 3, or 4) of any of the microbial strains described herein. Probiotics are distinguished from bacterial compositions that have been killed, for example, by pasteurization or heat treatment. Administration of non-viable bacterial compositions for the treatment of one or more immune system related disorders is also contemplated in certain embodiments of the methods disclosed herein. [0050] A bacterial “strain” as used herein refers to a bacterium which remains genetically unchanged when grown or multiplied. The multiplicity of identical bacteria is included. [0051] By “at least one strain,” is meant a single strain but also mixtures of strains comprising at least two strains of microorganisms. By “a mixture of at least two strains,” is meant a mixture of two, three, four, five, six or even more strains. In some embodiments of a mixture of strains, the proportions can vary from 1% to 99%. When a mixture comprises more than two strains, the strains can be present in substantially equal proportions in the mixture or in different proportions. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0052] For purposes of this disclosure, a “substantially pure strain” means a strain containing no other bacterial strains in quantities sufficient to interfere with replication of the strain or to be detectable by normal bacteriological techniques. “Isolated” when used in connection with the organisms and cultures described herein includes not only a substantially pure strain, but also any culture of organisms which is grown or maintained other than as it is found in nature. In some embodiments, the strains are mutants, variants, or derivatives of strains of Akkermansia species, including Akkermansia massiliensis, and wherein the Akkermansia sp. is not A. muciniphila or A. glycaniphila that also provide benefits comparable to that provided by strains of Akkermansia species, including Akkermansia massiliensis, wherein the Akkermansia sp. is not A. muciniphila or A. glycaniphila. In some embodiments, the strains are strains having all of the identifying characteristics of strains of an Akkermansia species, including Akkermansia massiliensis, and wherein the Akkermansia sp. is not A. muciniphila or A. glycaniphila. Further, each individual strain (Akkermansia species, including Akkermansia massiliensis) or any combination of these strains can also provide one or more of the benefits described herein. In some embodiments, the strains are mutants, variants, or derivatives of strains Alistipes inops, Alistipes onderdonkii, Bacteroides finegoldii, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Intestinimonas massiliensis, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and/or an Oscillibacter sp. displaying at least 97.0% sequence similarity to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of an Oscillibacter sp. deposited at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSM) under number DSM 34011 that also provide benefits comparable to that provided by Alistipes inops, Alistipes onderdonkii, Bacteroides finegoldii, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Intestinimonas massiliensis, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and/or an Oscillibacter sp. displaying at least 97.0% sequence similarity to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of an Oscillibacter sp. deposited at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSM) under number DSM 34011. In some embodiments, the strains are strains having all of the identifying characteristics of Alistipes inops, Alistipes onderdonkii, Bacteroides finegoldii, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Intestinimonas massiliensis, Phocaeicola vulgatus, s and/or an Oscillibacter sp. displaying at least 97.0% sequence similarity to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of an Oscillibacter sp. deposited at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSM) under number DSM 34011. Further, each individual strain (Alistipes inops, Alistipes onderdonkii, Bacteroides finegoldii, Barnesiella intestinihominis Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT , Barnesiella intestinihominis, Intestinimonas massiliensis, Phocaeicola vulgatus, and/or an Oscillibacter sp. displaying at least 97.0% sequence similarity to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of an Oscillibacter sp. deposited at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSM) under number DSM 34011) or any combination of these strains can also provide one or more of the benefits described herein. It will also be clear that addition of other microbial strains, carriers, additives, enzymes, yeast, or the like will also provide one or more benefits or improvement of one or more immune system related disorders in a subject and will not constitute a substantially different bacterial strain. [0053] The term “16S rRNA” or “16S ribosomal RNA” means the rRNA constituting the small subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes. In bacteria, this sequence can be used to identify and characterize operational taxonomic units. [0054] The term “sequence identity” or “sequence similarity” as used herein, means that two polynucleotide sequences, a candidate sequence and a reference sequence, are identical (i.e. 100% sequence identity) or similar (i.e. on a nucleotide-by-nucleotide basis) over the length of the candidate sequence. In comparing a candidate sequence to a reference sequence, the candidate sequence may comprise additions or deletions (i.e. gaps) as compared to the reference sequence (which does not comprise additions or deletions) for optimal alignment of the two sequences. Optimal alignment of sequences for determining sequence identity may be conducted using the any number of publicly available local alignment algorithms known in the art such as ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR), or by inspection. [0055] The term “percent (%) sequence identity” or “percent (%) sequence similarity,” as used herein with respect to a reference sequence is defined as the percentage of nucleotide residues in a candidate sequence that are identical to the residues in the reference polynucleotide sequence after optimal alignment of the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity. [0056] As used herein, the term “subject” or “patient” is meant a mammal (e.g., a human). In some embodiments, a subject is suffering from a relevant disease, disorder or condition such as, without limitation, one or more immune system related disorders. As used herein, immune system related disorders include, but are not limited to, temporary or permanent immune Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT deficiencies, allergies, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. In some embodiments, the subject is suffering from one or more of viral infections, bacterial infections, yeast infections, parasitic infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, oncologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and disorders related to aging. In some embodiments, the subject is suffering from one or more of acute or chronic inflammatory disorders. In some embodiments, the subject is suffering from one or more inflammatory disorders selected from irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, non-atopic eczema, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, cancer treatment associated mucositis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, Addison's disease, alopecia, ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, Behcet's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, fibromyalgia, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus, Meniere's disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, or vitiligo. In some embodiments, the immune system related disorder is not an inflammatory disorder. In some embodiments, a subject is susceptible to a disease, disorder, or condition. In some embodiments, a subject displays one or more symptoms or characteristics of a disease, disorder or condition. In some embodiments, a subject does not display any symptom or characteristic of a disease, disorder, or condition. In some embodiments, a subject is an individual who is at risk of developing disease, disorder, or condition. In some embodiments, a subject is an individual who is not at risk of developing disease, disorder, or condition. In some embodiments, a subject is someone with one or more features characteristic of susceptibility to or risk of a disease, disorder, or condition. In some embodiments, a subject is a patient. In some embodiments, a subject is an individual to whom diagnosis and/or therapy is and/or has been administered. [0057] As used herein, “prevent,” “preventing,” “prevention” and grammatical variations thereof refers to a method of partially or completely delaying, reducing the risk of, or precluding the onset or recurrence of a disorder or condition and/or one or more of its attendant symptoms or barring a subject from acquiring or reacquiring a disorder or condition or reducing a subject’s risk of acquiring or reacquiring a disorder or condition or one or more of its attendant symptoms. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0058] As used herein, the term “reducing” in relation to a particular trait, characteristic, feature, biological process, or phenomena refers to a decrease in the particular trait, characteristic, feature, biological process, or phenomena. The trait, characteristic, feature, biological process, or phenomena can be decreased by 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100% or greater than 100%. [0059] As used herein “administer” or “administering” is meant the action of introducing one or more compositions comprising one or more microbial strain, to a subject, such as by feeding or consuming orally, applying topically, administering nasally or a combination thereof. The composition containing one or more microbial strains can also be administered in one or more doses. [0060] As used herein, “effective amount” means a quantity of a composition containing one or more microbial strains to improve one or more metrics in subject. Improvement in one or more metrics of a subject can be measured as described herein or by other methods known in the art. [0061] As used herein, “immune system related disorders” means a condition, disease or disorder characterized by alterations in the function of the immune system. As used herein, immune system related disorders include, but are not limited to, temporary or permanent immune deficiencies, allergies, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. In some embodiments, the immune system related disorder is one or more of viral infections, bacterial infections, yeast infections, parasitic infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, oncologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and disorders related to aging. In some embodiments, the immune system related disorders are acute or chronic inflammatory disorders. In some embodiments, the immune system related disorder is and inflammatory disorder, such as one or more of irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, non-atopic eczema, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, cancer treatment associated mucositis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, Addison's disease, alopecia, ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, Behcet's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, fibromyalgia, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus, Meniere's disease, multiple sclerosis, Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, or vitiligo. In some embodiments, the immune system related disorder is not an inflammatory disorder. In some embodiments, the immune system related disorder is not a metabolic disorder. [0062] As used herein, “immune system function mediators” means any protein, peptide, glycoprotein, lipid, and/or chemical that is made by an immune or non-immune cell that has an effect on the immune system of a subject. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are cytokines, interleukins, and/or chemokines. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are pro-inflammatory. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are anti-inflammatory. Examples of immune system function mediators include, but are not limited to IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-18, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-15, IL- 3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-11, IL-12, IL-10, IL-14, IL-16, IL-17, CSF, IFN-β, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IFN-λ, IFN-κ, IFN-ε, IFN-ω, TNF-α, TNF- β, TGF-α, and/or TGF-β. [0063] Certain ranges are presented herein with numerical values being preceded by the term "about." The term "about" is used herein to provide literal support for the exact number that it precedes, as well as a number that is near to or approximately the number that the term precedes. In determining whether a number is near to or approximately a specifically recited number, the near or approximating unrecited number can be a number which, in the context in which it is presented, provides the substantial equivalent of the specifically recited number. For example, in connection with a numerical value, the term “about” refers to a range of -10% to +10% of the numerical value, unless the term is otherwise specifically defined in context. [0064] As used herein, the singular terms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural reference unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. [0065] It is further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as “solely,” “only” and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements or use of a “negative” limitation. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0066] It is also noted that the term “consisting essentially of,” as used herein refers to a composition wherein the component(s) after the term is in the presence of other known component(s) in a total amount that is less than 30% by weight of the total composition and do not contribute to or interferes with the actions or activities of the component(s). [0067] It is further noted that the term "comprising,” as used herein, means including, but not limited to, the component(s) after the term “comprising.” The component(s) after the term “comprising” are required or mandatory, but the composition comprising the component(s) can further include other non-mandatory or optional component(s). [0068] It is also noted that the term “consisting of,” as used herein, means including, and limited to, the component(s) after the term "consisting of.” The component(s) after the term “consisting of” are therefore required or mandatory, and no other component(s) are present in the composition. [0069] It is intended that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein. [0070] Unless defined otherwise herein, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Other definitions of terms may appear throughout the specification. II. Compositions A. Strains [0071] Akkermansia is a gram-negative anaerobic mucus-layer-degrading bacterium that colonizes the intestinal mucosa of humans and rodents (Rodriguez et al.2022. Front Immunol. 13:934695). Until 2016, the genus contained a single known species, namely A. muciniphila. In Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT that year, Akkermansia glycaniphila, a species of intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium, was first isolated from the feces of the reticulated python (Ouworkerk, et al., 2016, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.66 (11): 4614–4620). More recently, as described in WO/2021/203083, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, a new species of Akkermansia (strain DSM 33459) was identified based on genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) between the isolated Akkermansia sp. (strain DSM 33459) and A. muciniphila .The species was thereafter renamed Akkermansia massiliensis by Ndongo et al, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. (Nature Scientific Reports.12(21747)). Akkermansia massiliensis has been shown to synthesize Vitamin B12, which is a critical co-factor for the enzyme involved in propionate production, while A. muciniphila needs to sequester Vitamin B12 in order to produce propionate (Kumar et al. Microbiome Res Rep 2024;3:37). [0072] The strains provided herein include one or more substantially pure strains of an Akkermansia sp., such as Akkermansia massiliensis. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia sp. is not Akkermansia muciniphila or Akkermansia glycaniphila. The Akkermansia sp. strain was deposited on March 4, 2020 at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSM), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, GERMANY and given accession number DSM 33459. The deposits were made under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure. [0073] The compositions can include those that contain one or more substantially pure strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Akkermansia sp. The compositions can include those that contain one or more substantially pure strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Akkermansia massiliensis. The compositions can include those that contain one or more substantially pure strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Akkermansia massiliensis (such as Akkermansia massiliensis strain DSM 33459). [0074] The microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT strains) of an Akkermansia sp., where the Akkermansia sp. is Akkermansia massiliensis and has a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least 97.0% sequence similarity to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of an Akkermansia sp. deposited at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSM) under number DSM 33459. The beneficial microbial-containing compositions disclosed herein can further include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) B. intestinihominis, A. onderdonkii, B. finegoldii, A. inops, I. massiliensis and/or P. vulgatus and/or Oscillibacter sp., and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) disclosed herein. [0075] Additional strains provided herein include two substantially pure strains of Barnesiella intestinihominis, a substantially pure strain of Alistipes onderdonkii; a substantially pure strain of Alistipes inops a substantially pure strain of Bacteroides finegoldii; a substantially pure strain of Intestinimonas massiliensis, a substantially pure strain of Phocaeicola vulgatus; and a substantially pure bacterial strain having a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least 97.0% sequence similarity to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of an Oscillibacter sp. deposited at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSM) under number DSM 34011. As used herein, “Phocaeicola vulgatus” can also refer interchangeably to “Bacteroides vulgatus” per recent reclassification of this species (Oren & Garrity, 2020, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 70(5):2960-66, incorporated by reference herein). [0076] The two B. intestinihominis strains, the A. onderdonkii strain, the A. inops strain, the B. finegoldii strain, the I. massiliensis strain, the B. vulgatus strain, and the Oscillibacter sp. strain were deposited on September 8, 2021 at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSM), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, GERMANY and given accession numbers DSM 34032, DSM 34012, DSM 34033, DSM 34031, DSM 34013, DSM 33460, DSM 34030 and DSM 34011, respectively. The deposits were made under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure. One or more strain provided herein can be used as a probiotic in one non-limiting embodiment. [0077] The microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT strains) of Barnesiella intestinihominis (such as B. intestinihominis strain DSM 34032 and/or B. intestinihominis strain DSM 34012). Barnesiella intestinihominis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Barnesiella. The beneficial microbial- containing compositions disclosed herein can further include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of A. onderdonkii, A. inops, B. finegoldii, I. massiliensis, P. vulgatus, and/or Oscillibacter sp.; and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) and/or Akkermansia sp. (such as Akkermansia massiliensis strain DSM 33459, and/or those disclosed in International Patent Application Publication No. WO2021203083, incorporated by reference herein); and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) disclosed herein. [0078] The microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Alistipes onderdonkii (such as A. onderdonkii strain DSM 34033) and/or Alistipes inops (such as A. inops strain DSM 34031). A. onderdonkii and A. inops are a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Alistipes. The beneficial microbial- containing compositions disclosed herein can further include one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of B. intestinihominis, A. inops, B. finegoldii, I. massiliensis, P. vulgatus, and/or Oscillibacter sp and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Akkermansia sp. (such as Akkermansia massiliensis strain DSM 33459, such as those disclosed in International Patent Application Publication No. WO2021203083, incorporated by reference herein); and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) disclosed herein. [0079] The microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Bacteroides finegoldii (such as B. finegoldii strain DSM 34013). B. finegoldii is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative rod bacteria commonly found in the gut. The beneficial microbial-containing compositions disclosed herein can further include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) B. intestinihominis, A. onderdonkii, A. inops, I. massiliensis, P. vulgatus, and/or Oscillibacter sp.; and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Akkermansia sp. (such as Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT Akkermansia massiliensis strain DSM 33459, such as those disclosed in International Patent Application Publication No. WO2021203083, incorporated by reference herein); and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) disclosed herein. [0080] The microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Phocaeicola vulgatus (such as P. vulgatus strain DSM 34030). P. vulgatus is a Gram- negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. The beneficial microbial-containing compositions disclosed herein can further include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) B. intestinihominis, A. onderdonkii, B. finegoldii, A. inops, I. massiliensis, and/or Oscillibacter sp.; and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Akkermansia sp. (such as Akkermansia massiliensis strain DSM 33459, such as those disclosed in International Patent Application Publication No. WO2021203083, incorporated by reference herein); and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) disclosed herein. [0081] The microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of an Oscillibacter sp., where the Oscillibacter sp. has a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least 97.0% sequence similarity to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of an Oscillibacter sp. deposited at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSM) under number DSM 34011. The beneficial microbial-containing compositions disclosed herein can further include those that contain one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) B. intestinihominis, A. onderdonkii, B. finegoldii, A. inops, I. massiliensis and/or B. vulgatus; and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) of Akkermansia sp. (such as Akkermansia massiliensis strain DSM 33459, such as those disclosed in International Patent Application Publication No. WO2021203083, incorporated by reference herein); and/or one or more strains (such as any of about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 or more strains) disclosed herein. [0082] The microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) disclosed herein can include one or more Barnesiella intestinihominis strain (such as B. intestinihominis strain Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT DSM 34032 and/or B. intestinihominis strain DSM 34012) having a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least about 97.0% sequence similarity (such as any of about 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% sequence similarity) to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:1 and/or SEQ ID NO:2. The beneficial microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include one or more A. onderdonkii strain having a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least about 97.0% sequence similarity (such as any of about 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% sequence similarity) to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:3. The beneficial microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include one or more B. finegoldii strain having a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least about 97.0% sequence similarity (such as any of about 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% sequence similarity) to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:4. The beneficial microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include one or more P. vulgatus strain having a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least about 97.0% sequence similarity (such as any of about 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% sequence similarity) to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:5. The beneficial microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include one or more Oscillibacter sp. strain having a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least about 97.0% sequence similarity (such as any of about 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% sequence similarity) to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:6. [0083] The beneficial microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include one or more I. massiliensis strain having a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least about 97.0% sequence similarity (such as any of about 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% sequence similarity) to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:7. [0084] The beneficial microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) can include one or more A. inops strain having a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least about 97.0% sequence similarity (such as any of about 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% sequence similarity) to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence comprising SEQ ID NO:8. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0085] The microbial-containing compositions (such as probiotic compositions) disclosed herein can include one or more Akkermansia massiliensis strain (such as A. massiliensis strain DSM 33459), one or more Barnesiella intestinihominis strain (such as B. intestinihominis strain DSM 34032 and/or B. intestinihominis strain DSM 34012), one or more Alistipes onderdonkii strain (such as A. onderdonkii strain DSM 34033), one or more Alistipes inops strain (such as A. inops strain DSM34031), one or more Bacteroides finegoldii strain (such as B. finegoldii strain DSM 34013), one or more Intestinimonas massiliensis strain (such as I. massiliensis strain DSM 33460), one or more Phocaeicola vulgatus strain (such as P. vulgatus strain DSM 34030), and/or one or more Oscillibacter sp. strain (such as Oscillibacter sp. strain DSM 34011). The compositions can include the actual bacteria (viable or non-viable) from these strains and/or one or more culture supernatants derived from the culturing of these strains (individually or in co- culture). [0086] In some embodiments, the Akkermansia sp. of the compositions disclosed herein is Akkermansia massiliensis. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia sp. of the compositions disclosed herein is Akkermansia massiliensis strain DSM 33459. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia sp. has a gANI of at least 95% with Akkermansia massiliensis. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia sp. is Akkermansia massiliensis and has a gANI of less than 95%, such as any of about 94%, 93%, 92%, 91%, 90%, 89%, or 88% (such as 87.58%) compared to the genome of A. muciniphila. In another embodiment, the Akkermansia sp. of any of the compositions disclosed herein (for example Akkermansia massiliensis) has a gANI of less than 95%, such as any of about 94%, 93%, 92%, 91%, 90%, 89%, 88%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 84%, 83%, 82%, 81%, 80%, 79%, 78%, 77%, 76%, 75%, 74%, 73%, 72%, or 71% (such as 70.17%) compared to the genome of A. glycaniphila. [0087] The compositions disclosed herein can include one or more Akkermansia massiliensis strains having a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence displaying at least about 75.0% % sequence similarity (such as any of about 75%, 80%, 85%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 95% or 100% sequence similarity) to a 16S ribosomal RNA sequence of Akkermansia massiliensis. [0088] The compositions disclosed herein can be used as supplements, food additives, and therapeutics for administration to subjects with and/or at risk of developing immune system Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT related disorders, or as a part of a daily nutritional regimen to prevent disease. Probiotics is another term that can be used for these compositions which contain viable microorganisms. The term "viable microorganism" refers to a microorganism which is metabolically active or able to differentiate. In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein include both viable probiotic products and/or, in particular embodiments, compositions that include non-viable bacteria (such as heat-treated or pasteurized compositions). B. Formulations [0089] Generally, the compositions disclosed herein comprise bacteria, such as one or more bacterial strains. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated in freeze-dried or lyophilized form. For example, the compositions can comprise granules or gelatin capsules, for example hard gelatin capsules, comprising a bacterial strain disclosed herein. [0090] In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise lyophilized bacteria. Lyophilization of bacteria is a well-established procedure in the art. Alternatively, the compositions can comprise a live, active bacterial culture. In some embodiments, the compositions are freeze dried or spray dried. [0091] In some embodiments, any of the compositions disclosed herein is encapsulated to enable delivery of the bacterial strain to the intestine. Encapsulation protects the composition from degradation until delivery at the target location through, for example, rapturing with chemical or physical stimuli such as pressure, enzymatic activity, or physical disintegration, which may be triggered by changes in pH. Any appropriate encapsulation method may be used. Exemplary encapsulation techniques include entrapment within a porous matrix, attachment or adsorption on solid carrier surfaces, self-aggregation by flocculation or with cross-linking agents, and mechanical containment behind a microporous membrane or a microcapsule. [0092] The compositions disclosed herein can be administered orally and may be in the form of a tablet, capsule, lozenge, prolonged-release capsule, prolonged-release granule, powder, sachet, or gummy. Other ingredients (such as vitamin C or minerals, for example), may be included as oxygen scavengers and prebiotic substrates to improve the delivery and/or partial or total colonization and survival in vivo. Alternatively, the compositions disclosed herein can be administered orally as a food or nutritional product, such as milk or whey based fermented dairy Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT product, food ingredient, dietary supplement, or as a pharmaceutical product or medicament. [0093] The compositions disclosed herein can be administered nasally or through the respiratory system and may be in the form of a nasal spray. [0094] The compositions disclosed herein can be administered topically and may be in the form of an ointment, serum or lotion. [0095] The compositions disclosed herein can be formulated as a probiotic. Alternatively, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated as a non-viable bacterial compositions, such as a pasteurized or heat-treated bacterial composition. In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein can be formulated as a prebiotic and/or a postbiotic. In some embodiments, the composition can include human-milk oligosaccharides, βine, xylitol, and/or botanicals. In some embodiments, the composition can include vitamins, minerals and trace elements. [0096] Any of the compositions disclosed herein may include a therapeutically effective amount of a bacterial strain disclosed herein. A therapeutically effective amount of a bacterial strain is sufficient to exert a beneficial effect upon a patient. A therapeutically effective amount of a bacterial strain may be sufficient to result in delivery to and/or partial or total colonization of the subject’s intestine. [0097] A suitable daily dose of the bacteria, for example for an adult human, may be from about 1 x 10⁴ to about 1 X 10¹⁴ colony forming units (CFU); for example, from about 1 x 10⁷ to about 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU; in another example from about 1 x 10⁴ to about 1 x 10¹⁴ CFU; in another example from about 1 x 10⁷ to about 1 x 10¹¹ CFU; in another example from about 1 x 10⁸ to about 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU; in another example from about 1 x 10⁶ to about 1 x 10¹⁰ GPU; in another example from about 1 x 10⁷ to about 1 x 10¹¹ CFU; in another example from about 1 x 10⁸ to about 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU; in another example from about 1 x 10⁸ to about 1 x 10¹¹ CFU. In certain embodiments, the dose of the bacteria is at least 10⁹ cells per day, such as at least 10¹⁰, at least 10¹¹ or at least 10¹² cells per day. [0098] In certain embodiments, the composition contains the bacterial strain in an amount of from about 1 x 10⁶ to about 1 x 10¹¹ CFU/g, respect to the weight of the composition; for example, from about 1 x 10⁸ to about 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU/g. The dose may be, for example, 1 g, 3g, 5g, and 10 g. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0099] In certain embodiments, the amount of the bacterial strain is from about 1 x 10³ to about 1 x 10¹¹ colony forming units per gram with respect to a weight of the composition. [0100] In certain embodiments, the amount of the bacterial strain is from about 1 x 10⁴ to about 1 x 10¹⁴ colony forming units per gram with respect to a weight of the composition. [0101] In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein contains one or more substantially pure strain of an Akkermansia sp. In some embodiments, any of the one or more substantially pure strains of Akkermansia sp. is substantially pure, and includes at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of an Akkermansia sp. strain. In some embodiments, any of the one or more substantially pure strains of Akkermansia sp. is Akkermansia massiliensis. In some embodiments, any of the one or more substantially pure strains of Akkermansia massiliensis is substantially pure, and includes at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of an Akkermansia massiliensis strain. [0102] In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein contains one or more substantially pure strain of an Alistipes inops Alistipes onderdonkii, Bacteroides finegoldii, Barnesiella intestinihominis Barnesiella intestinihominis, Intestinimonas massiliensis, Oscillibacter sp., or Phocaeicola vulgatus species. In some embodiments, any of the one or more substantially pure strains of Alistipes inops Alistipes onderdonkii, Bacteroides finegoldii, Barnesiella intestinihominis Barnesiella intestinihominis, Intestinimonas massiliensis, Oscillibacter sp., or Phocaeicola vulgatus is substantially pure, and includes at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of an Alistipes inops Alistipes onderdonkii, Bacteroides finegoldii, Barnesiella intestinihominis Barnesiella intestinihominis, Intestinimonas massiliensis, Oscillibacter sp., or Phocaeicola vulgatus strain. [0103] In certain embodiments, any of the compositions disclosed herein is administered at a dose of between 500mg and l000mg, between 600mg and 900mg, between 700mg and 800mg, between 500mg and 750mg or between 750mg and l000mg. In certain embodiments, the lyophilized bacteria in any of the compositions disclosed herein is administered at a dose of between 500mg and l00mg, between 600mg and 900mg, between 700mg and 800mg, between 500mg and 750mg or between 750mg and l000mg. [0104] Typically, a probiotic is optionally combined with at least one suitable prebiotic compound. A prebiotic compound is usually a non-digestible carbohydrate such as an oligo- or Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT polysaccharide, or a sugar alcohol, which is not degraded or absorbed in the upper digestive tract Known prebiotics include commercial products such as inulin and transgalacto- oligosaccharides. [0105] In certain embodiments, any of the compositions disclosed herein is formulated to include a prebiotic compound in an amount of from about 1 to about 30% by weight respect to the total weight composition, (e.g. from 5 to 20% by weight). Carbohydrates may be selected from the group consisting of: fructo- oligosaccharides (or FOS), short-chain fructo- oligosaccharides, inulin, isomalto- oligosaccharides, pectins, xylo-oligosaccharides (or XOS), chitosan-oligosaccharides (or COS), human milk oligosaccharides (or HMO), beta- glucans, gum arabic modified and resistant starches, polydextrose, D-tagatose, acacia fibers, carob, oats, and citrus fibers. In one aspect, the prebiotics are the short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (for simplicity shown herein below as FOSs-c.c); said FOSs-c.c. are not digestible carbohydrates, generally obtained by the conversion of the beet sugar and including a saccharose molecule to which three glucose molecules are bonded. In some embodiments, any of the probiotics disclosed herein can be formulated with additional probiotics derived from, but not limited to, the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (such as B. lactis B420). [0106] In certain embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein contain a single bacterial strain or species and do not contain any other bacterial strains or species. Such compositions may comprise only de minimis or biologically irrelevant amounts of other bacterial strains or species. Such compositions may be a culture that is substantially free from other species of organism. In certain embodiments, the compositions of the invention consist of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 bacterial strains or species. In certain embodiments, the compositions consist of from 1 to 10, such as from 1 to 5 bacterial strains or species. [0107] The composition for use in accordance with the methods disclosed herein may or may not require marketing approval. Pharmaceutical Formulations [0108] Any of the compositions disclosed herein can further comprise pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, diluents or carriers. Acceptable carriers or diluents for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical art. Examples of suitable carriers include, without limitation, lactose, starch, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, mannitol, sorbitol and the like. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT Examples of suitable diluents include, without limitation, ethanol, glycerol and water. The choice of pharmaceutical carrier, excipient or diluent can be selected with regard to the intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice. The pharmaceutical compositions may comprise as, or in addition to, the carrier, excipient or diluent any suitable binders, lubricants, suspending agents, coating agents (such as a gastric-resistant enteric coating agent that does not dissolve or degrade until reaching the small or large intestine), or solubilizing agents. Examples of suitable binders include, without limitation, starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose, anhydrous lactose, maltodextrin, free-flow lactose, beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums, such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol. Examples of suitable lubricants include, without limitation, sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like. Preservatives, stabilizers, dyes and even flavoring agents may be provided in the pharmaceutical composition. Examples of preservatives include, without limitation, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Antioxidants and suspending agents may be also used. [0109] In some cases, the lyophilized bacterial strain is reconstituted prior to administration. In some cases, the reconstitution is by use of a diluent described herein. [0110] A pharmaceutically acceptable composition or support may be for example a formulation or support in the form of creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments of compressed tablets, tablets, capsules, ointments, suppositories or drinkable solutions. [0111] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising: a bacterial strain disclosed herein; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent; wherein the bacterial strain is in an amount sufficient to treat a disorder when administered to a subject in need thereof; and wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of immune system related disorders include, but are not limited to, temporary or permanent immune deficiencies, allergies, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. In some embodiments, the subject is suffering from acute inflammatory disorders or chronic inflammatory disorders. In some embodiments, the disorder is selected from the group consisting of viral infections, bacterial infections, yeast infections, parasitic infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, oncologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and disorders related to aging. In some embodiments, the disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute or chronic inflammatory disorders. In some embodiments, the disorder is selected from the group consisting of irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, non-atopic eczema, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, cancer treatment associated mucositis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, Addison's disease, alopecia, ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, Behcet's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, fibromyalgia, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus, Meniere's disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, or vitiligo. In some embodiments, the immune system related disorder is not an inflammatory disorder. In some embodiments, the immune system related disorder is not a metabolic disorder. [0112] In certain embodiments, any of the pharmaceutical compositions may contain a carrier selected from the group consisting of lactose, starch, glucose, methyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, mannitol and sorbitol. In certain embodiments, any of the pharmaceutical compositions may contain a diluent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, glycerol and water. [0113] In certain embodiments, any of the pharmaceutical compositions may contain an excipient selected from the group consisting of starch, gelatin, glucose, anhydrous lactose, free- flow lactose, beta-lactose, corn sweetener, acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate and sodium chloride. [0114] In certain embodiments, any of the pharmaceutical compositions may contain at least one of a preservative, an antioxidant and a stabilizer. In certain embodiments, the preservative selected from the group consisting of sodium benzoate, sorbic acid and esters of p- hydroxybenzoic acid. [0115] In certain embodiments, the above pharmaceutical composition, wherein when the composition is stored in a sealed container at about 4°C or about 25°C and the container is placed in an atmosphere having 50% relative humidity, at least 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 30%, 20%, or 10% of the bacterial strain as measured in colony forming units, remains after a period of at least about 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 1.5 years, 2 years, 2.5 years or 3 years. [0116] The bacterial strains disclosed herein can be cultured using standard microbiology techniques such as those described in the Examples section or that are well known in the art. Food Product [0117] The composition disclosed herein can be formulated as a food product. For example, a food product may provide nutritional benefit in addition to the therapeutic effect of the invention, such as in a nutritional supplement. Similarly, a food product may be formulated to enhance the taste of the composition of the invention or to make the composition more attractive to consume by being more similar to a common food item, rather than to a pharmaceutical composition. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated as a milk-based product. The term "milk-based product," as used herein, means any liquid or semi-solid milk- or whey- based product having a varying fat content. The milk- based product can be, e.g., cow's milk, goat's milk, sheep's milk, skimmed milk, whole milk, milk recombined from powdered milk and whey without any processing, or a processed product, such as yoghurt, curdled milk, curd, sour milk, sour whole milk, butter milk and other sour milk products. Another important group includes milk beverages, such as whey beverages, fermented milks, condensed milks, infant or baby milks; flavored milks, ice cream; milk-containing food such as sweets. As used herein, the term "food" is used in a broad sense and covers food for humans as well as food for animals (i.e. a feed). In a preferred aspect, the food is for human consumption. [0118] The food may be in the form of a solution or as a solid, depending on the use and/or the mode of application and/or the mode of administration. When used as, or in the preparation of, a food, such as functional food, any of the compositions provided herein may be used in conjunction with one or more of: a nutritionally acceptable carrier, a nutritionally acceptable diluent, a nutritionally acceptable excipient, a nutritionally acceptable adjuvant, a nutritionally active ingredient. [0119] By way of example, any of the compositions provided herein can be used as an ingredient to soft drinks, a fruit juice or a beverage comprising whey protein, health teas, cocoa Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT drinks, milk drinks and lactic acid bacteria drinks, yoghurt and drinking yoghurt, cheese, ice cream, water ices and desserts, confectionery, biscuits cakes and cake mixes, snack foods, balanced foods and drinks, fruit fillings, care glaze, chocolate bakery filling, cheese cake flavoured filling, fruit flavoured cake filling, cake and doughnut icing, instant bakery filling creams, fillings for cookies, ready-to-use bakery filling, reduced calorie filling, adult nutritional beverage, vegetable milk, acidified soy/juice beverage, aseptic/retorted chocolate drink, bar mixes, beverage powders, calcium fortified soy/plain and chocolate milk, calcium fortified coffee beverage. [0120] Advantageously, where the product is a food product, the bacterial strains should remain effective through the normal "sell-by" or "expiration" date during which the food product is offered for sale by the retailer. Preferably, the effective time should extend past such dates until the end of the normal freshness period when food spoilage becomes apparent. The desired lengths of time and normal shelf life will vary from foodstuff to foodstuff and those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that shelf-life times will vary upon the type of foodstuff, the size of the foodstuff, storage temperatures, processing conditions, packaging material and packaging equipment age. Food Ingredients [0121] Compositions of the present invention may take the form of a food ingredient and/or feed ingredient. As used herein the term "food ingredient" or "feed ingredient" includes a composition which is or can be added to functional foods or foodstuffs as a nutritional and/or health supplement for humans and animals. The food ingredient may be in the form of a liquid, suspension or solid, depending on the use and/or the mode of application and/or the mode of administration. Dietary Supplements [0122] Any of the compositions provided herein may take the form of dietary supplements or may themselves be used in combination with dietary supplements, also referred to herein as food supplements. The term “dietary supplement” as used herein refers to a product intended for ingestion that contains a "dietary ingredient" intended to add nutritional value or health benefits to (supplement) the diet. A "dietary ingredient" may include (but is not limited to) one, or any combination, of the following substances: bacteria, a probiotic ( e.g . probiotic bacteria), a Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other botanical, an amino acid, a dietary substance for use by people to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake, a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, or extract. [0123] Dietary supplements may be found in many forms such as tablets, capsules, soft gels, gel caps, liquids, or powders. Some dietary supplements can help ensure an adequate dietary intake of essential nutrients; others may help prevent or treat diseases. Medical Food [0124] Compositions of the present invention may take the form of medical foods. By “medical food” it is meant a food which is formulated to be consumed or administered with or without the supervision of a physician and which is intended for a specific dietary management or condition for which distinctive nutritional requirements, based on recognized scientific principles, are established by medical evaluation. III. Methods A. Methods for Treating or Preventing Disease [0125] Further provided herein are methods for treating and/or preventing one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Akkermansia species. Further provided herein are methods for treating and/or preventing one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Alistipes inops an Alistipes onderdonkii, a Bacteroides finegoldii, a Barnesiella intestinihominis a Barnesiella intestinihominis, an Intestinimonas massiliensis, an Oscillibacter sp., and/or a Phocaeicola vulgatus species. Further provided herein are methods for treating and/or preventing one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Alistipes inops species. Further provided herein are methods for treating and/or preventing one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Alistipes onderdonkii species. Further provided herein are methods for treating and/or preventing one or more immune Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of a Bacteroides finegoldii species. Further provided herein are methods for treating and/or preventing one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of a Barnesiella intestinihominis species. Further provided herein are methods for treating and/or preventing one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Intestinimonas massiliensis, species. Further provided herein are methods for treating and/or preventing one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Oscillibacter sp. species. Further provided herein are methods for treating and/or preventing one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of a Phocaeicola vulgatus species. Also provided herein are methods of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Akkermansia species. Also provided herein are methods of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Alistipes species. Also provided herein are methods of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Bacteroides species. Also provided herein are methods of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of a Barnesiella species. Also provided herein are methods of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Intestinimonas species. Also provided herein are methods of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Oscillibacter species. Also provided herein are methods of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of a Phocaeicola species. [0126] The immune system is skilled in communication and designed to respond quickly, specifically and globally to protect an organism against foreign invaders and disease. The cytokine superfamily, a group of proteins that are immune system mediators, is an integral part of the signaling network between cells and is essential in generating and regulating the immune system. These interacting signals are capable of influencing growth and development, hematopoiesis, lymphocyte recruitment, T cell subset differentiation and inflammation. An exemplary signaling mechanism used by immune system regulators such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL- 7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15 and the interferons, begins with dimerization of the appropriate receptor chains upon ligand binding. Subsequently, different types of receptor-associated Janus family tyrosine kinases (Jak) are activated which phosphorylate the receptor chains and allow the recruitment and activation of other kinases and transcription factors, such as those of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) family. This promotes the rapid translocation of these proteins to the nucleus and stimulation of target gene transcription (Cameron et al. Cytokines, Chemokines and Their Receptors. In: Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet]. Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience; 2000-2013). [0127] The gut microbiome is a crucial factor for shaping and modulating immune system responses, with gut microbial dysbioses linked to several autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases (Schirmer et al. Cell.2016 Nov 3;167(4):1125-1136.). However, commensal microbiota also modulate systemic immune responses (Lee et al. Nat. Chem. Biol.2014;10:416–424). While the epithelial barrier ensures that microorganisms are largely confined to the gut, microbial metabolites can penetrate the epithelial barrier, allowing them to enter and accumulate in the host circulatory system where they are sensed by immune cells (Dorrestein et al. Immunity.2014;40:824–832). [0128] While responding to pathogenic organisms is a main function of the immune system, recognition and tolerance of commensal bacteria are equally important for host health Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT (Kosiewicz et al. Front Microbiol.2011;2:180). Commensal microbes calibrate innate and adaptive immune responses and impact the activation threshold for pathogenic stimulations, in part by producing molecules that mediate host-microbial interactions (Donia et al. Science. 2015;349:1254766). Other proposed methods of regulation include activation the innate immune response via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and/or activating free fatty acid receptors (FFAR) via microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. In addition, these metabolites can induce the differentiation of naive T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs) or their migration into the intestine (Rodrigues et al. Front Immunol.2022 Jul 7;13:934695). [0129] Various clinical, epidemiological and immunological studies have shown that it is possible that changes in the intestinal microbiota may be an essential factor in the incidence of numerous inflammatory disorders. Intestinal bacteria are a critical component in instructing the development and function of the immune system, and therefore, the absence of beneficial microorganisms that promote appropriate immune development, due to dysbiosis, leads to the inflammatory responses that underlie various immune diseases in humans. Significant research has implicated innate and adaptive immune suppression during the control of disorders including autoimmunity, asthma and allergy, cancer and infectious diseases. (Round et al. Nat Rev Immunol.2009 May;9(5):313-23; Pabst et al. Mucosal Immunol.2012 May;5(3):232-9). [0130] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein are directed to the prevention, inhibition and treatment of immune system related disorders. An immune system related disorder as used herein, includes, but is not limited to temporary or permanent immune deficiencies, allergies, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. [0131] In some embodiments, any of the methods described herein are capable of reducing inflammation at a distal site in the subject. In some of any embodiments, the distal site is blood, skin, vagina, liver, spleen, fallopian tubes, uterus, or a combination thereof. [0132] In some embodiments, any of the methods described herein include stimulation of the immune response. In some embodiments, any of the methods described herein include stimulation of the immune response in a subject. In some embodiments, any of the methods described herein include downregulation of the immune response. In some embodiments, any of the methods described herein include downregulation of the immune response in a subject. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0133] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure strains of an Akkermansia species. [0134] In some embodiments, any of the methods described herein include regulation of the production of one or more immune system function mediators. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are cytokines, interleukins, and/or chemokines. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are pro-inflammatory. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are anti-inflammatory. Examples of immune system function mediators include, but are not limited to IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-18, IL-2, IL- 4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-15, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-11, IL-12, IL-10, IL-14, IL-16, IL-17, CSF, IFN-β, IFN-α, IFN-λ, IFN-κ, IFN-ε, IFN-ω, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β, TGF-α, and/or TGF-β. [0135] In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are produced by dendritic cells, macrophages or a combination of both. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediator is a cytokine or a chemokine. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are a combination of cytokines and chemokines. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediator is a cytokine. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediator is a chemokine. [0136] In some embodiments, immune system function mediators comprise IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, TGF-β and/or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators comprise interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10, a.k.a. CXCL10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1, a.k.a. C-C motif chemokine 2 or CCL2). and/or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, immune system function mediators comprise IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, TGF-β, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10, a.k.a. CXCL10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1, a.k.a. C-C motif chemokine 2 or CCL2). [0137] In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are increased or decreased by at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% in comparison to the level of immune system function mediators in the Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT subject before administration of the composition. In some embodiments, the immune system function mediators are increased or decreased by at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% in comparison to the level of immune system function mediators in a subject that has not been administered the composition. [0138] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators induce an immunoboosting or immunostimulatory effect. Immunoboosting refers to the increase or the stimulatory effect on the immune system and/or immune system function. [0139] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system function mediators induce an anti-inflammatory effect. [0140] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system related disorders are selected from viral infections, bacterial infections, yeast infections, parasitic infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, oncologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and disorders related to aging, including but not limited to immunosenescence. [0141] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system related disorders is not a metabolic disorder. [0142] In some embodiments, the one or more immune system related disorders comprise acute inflammatory disorders or chronic inflammatory disorders. [0143] In some embodiments, the inflammatory related disorders are selected from irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, non-atopic eczema, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, cancer treatment associated mucositis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, Addison's disease, alopecia, ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, Behcet's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, fibromyalgia, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus, Meniere's disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, or vitiligo. [0144] In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT for at least 1 day. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 2 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 3 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 4 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 5 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 6 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 7 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 8 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 9 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 10 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 11 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 12 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 13 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 day and 14 days. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for more than 1 day. [0145] In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for at least 1 week. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 week and 2 weeks. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 week and 3 weeks. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 week and 4 weeks. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 week and 5 weeks. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 week and 6 weeks. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 week and 7 weeks. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 week and 8 weeks. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for more than 8 weeks. [0146] In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT for at least one month. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 2 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 3 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 4 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 5 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 6 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 7 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 8 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 9 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 10 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 11 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for between 1 month and 12 months. In some embodiments, any of the compositions provided herein can be administered for more than 12 months. [0147] In some embodiments, the one or more (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8) Akkermansia sp. strain(s) is (are) administered to subject at a rate of at least about 1×10⁴ CFU/subject/day to at least about 1 x 10¹⁴ CFU/subject/day, such as any of about 1×10⁴ CFU/subject/day, 1×10⁵ CFU/subject/day, 1×10⁶ CFU/subject/day, 1×10⁷ CFU/subject/day, 1×10⁸ CFU/subject/day, 1×10⁹ CFU/subject/day, 1×10¹⁰ CFU/subject/day, 1×10¹¹ CFU/subject/day, 1×10¹² CFU/subject/day, 1×10¹³ CFU/subject/day, or 1×10¹⁴ CFU/subject/day, inclusive of all values falling in between these measures. B. Methods for Preparing a Microbial Composition [0148] Also provided herein are methods for preparing a composition comprising combining one or more substantially pure strains of an Akkermansia sp.. In some embodiments the Akkermansia sp. is Akkermansia massiliensis, and said Akkermansia sp. is not A. muciniphila or A. glycaniphila. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia massiliensis is the species deposited under DSM 33459, or a strain having all the identifiable characteristics of the strain deposited under DSM 33459. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia sp. the genome-wide average Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT nucleotide identity (gANI) that differs from other known Akkermansia sp. by at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5%. The Akkermansia sp. the genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) that differs from other known Akkermansia sp. by at least 5%. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia sp. the genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) is similar to other known Akkermansia sp. by at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In some embodiments, the Akkermansia sp. the genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) is similar to other known Akkermansia sp. by at least 95%. [0149] Also provided herein are methods for preparing a composition comprising combining one or more substantially pure strains of an Alistipes inops an Alistipes onderdonkii, a Bacteroides finegoldii, a Barnesiella intestinihominis a Barnesiella intestinihominis, an Intestinimonas massiliensis, an Oscillibacter sp., and/or a Phocaeicola vulgatus species. [0150] Additionally, the methods for preparing the composition can further include lyophilizing or freeze drying the microbial composition. The method can additionally include a further step of packaging the feed additive composition for storage or transport. IV. Kits [0151] Further provided herein are kits containing one or more of microbial strains derived from one or more of the microbial strains disclosed herein. The kits can include one or more of (such as any of 1, 2, 3, or 4,) strains derived from one or more of the microbial strains provided herein including an Akkermansia sp., where the Akkermansia sp. is Akkermansia massiliensis, and is not A. muciniphila or A. glycaniphila (for example Akkermansia strain DSM 33459), along with instructions for proper storage, maintenance, and use for administering to a subject for the treatment or prevention of one or more immune system related disorders. In one embodiment, the kit can include Akkermansia strain DSM 33459. [0152] Further provided herein are kits containing one or more of microbial strains derived from one or more of the microbial strains disclosed herein. The kits can include one or more of (such as any of 1, 2, 3, or 4,) strains derived from one or more of the microbial strains provided herein including an Alistipes inops an Alistipes onderdonkii, a Bacteroides finegoldii, a Barnesiella intestinihominis a Barnesiella intestinihominis, an Intestinimonas massiliensis, an Oscillibacter sp., and/or a Phocaeicola vulgatus species. (for example Alistipes inops DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 34013, Barnesiella Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT intestinihominis DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. DSM 34011, and Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM 34030), along with instructions for proper storage, maintenance, and use for administering to a subject for the treatment or prevention of one or more immune system related disorders. [0153] The invention can be further understood by reference to the following examples, which are provided by way of illustration and are not meant to be limiting. EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 1. A method of treating and/or preventing of one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure bacterial species. 2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the one or more substantially pure bacterial species comprise commensal bacterial species. 3. The method of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, wherein the one or more substantially pure bacterial species is selected from an Akkermansia species, and Alistipes species, a Bacteroides species, a Barnesiella species, an Intestinimonas species, an Oscillibacter species and a Phocaeicola species. 4. The method of embodiment 3, wherein the Akkermansia species is not (i) Akkermansia muciniphila; or (ii) Akkermansia glycaniphila. 5. The method of embodiment 3 or embodiment 4, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises a genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with Akkermansia massiliensis. 6. The method of any one of embodiments 3-5, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises Akkermansia massiliensis. 7. The method of any one of embodiments 3-6, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Akkermansia species deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459. 8. The method of any one of embodiments 3-7, wherein the Alistipes species comprises Alistipes inops and/or Alistipes onderdonkii. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 9. The method of embodiment 8, wherein the Alistipes inops comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes inops strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031; and the Alistipes onderdonkii comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes onderdonkii deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033. 10. The method of any one of embodiments 3-10, wherein the Bacteroides species comprises Bacteroides finegoldii. 11. The method of embodiment 10, wherein the Bacteroides finegoldii comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013. 12. The method of any one of embodiments 3-11, wherein the Barnesiella species comprises Barnesiella intestinihominis. 13. The method of embodiment 12, wherein the Barnesiella intestinihominis comprises a) the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012; and/or b) the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032. 14. The method of any one of embodiments 3-13, wherein the Intestinimonas species comprises Intestinimonas massiliensis. 15. The method of embodiment 14, wherein the Intestinimonas massiliensis comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460. 16. The method of any one of embodiments 3-15, wherein the Oscillibacter species comprises a genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with the Oscillibacter species deposited under DSM 34011. 17. The method of embodiment 16, wherein the Oscillibacter strain comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Oscillibacter species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 18. The method of any one of embodiments 3-17, wherein the Phocaeicola species comprises Phocaeicola vulgatus. 19. The method of embodiment 18, wherein the Phocaeicola vulgatus comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Phocaeicola species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030. 20. The method of any one of embodiments 1-19, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises stimulation of the immune response in the subject. 21. The method of any one of embodiments 1-19, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises downregulation of the immune response in the subject. 22. The method of any one of embodiments 1-21, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises regulation of the production of one or more immune system function mediators. 23. The method of embodiment 22, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators are produced by dendritic cells, macrophages or a combination of both. 24. The method of embodiment 22 or embodiment 23, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators comprise IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, TGF-β and/or any combination thereof. 25. The method of any one of embodiments 22-24, wherein the immune system function mediators are increased or decreased by at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% in comparison to the level of immune system function mediators in the subject before administration of the composition. 26. The method of any one of embodiments 22-25, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators induce an immunoboosting or immunostimulatory effect. 27. The method of any one of embodiments 22-26, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators induce an anti-inflammatory effect. 28. The method of any one of embodiments 1-27, wherein the one or more immune system related disorders are selected from viral infections, bacterial infections, yeast infections, parasitic infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, oncologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and disorders related to aging. 29. The method of any one of embodiments 1-28, wherein the one or more immune system related disorders is not a metabolic disorder. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 30. The method of any one of embodiments 1-29, wherein the one or more immune system related disorders comprise acute inflammatory disorders or chronic inflammatory disorders. 31. The method of embodiment 30, wherein the acute inflammatory disorders or chronic inflammatory disorders are selected from irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, non-atopic eczema, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, cancer treatment associated mucositis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, Addison's disease, alopecia, ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, Behcet's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, fibromyalgia, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus, Meniere's disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, or vitiligo. 32. The method of any one of embodiments 1-31, wherein the composition comprises a probiotic, a prebiotic, postbiotic, human milk oligosaccharides, xylitol, betaine, and/or a botanical. 33. The method of any one of embodiments 1-32, wherein the composition has been pasteurized or heat treated. 34. The method of any one of embodiments 1-33, wherein the composition is lyophilized or freeze dried or spray dried. 35. The method of any one of embodiments 1-34, wherein the composition is encapsulated or coated. 36. The method of any one of embodiments 1-35, wherein the composition is a pharmaceutical composition and further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient. 37. The method of any one of embodiments 1-36, wherein the composition is formulated as a tablet, lozenge, prolonged-release capsule, prolonged-release granule, powder, sachet, nasal spray, ointment, serum, lotion or gummy. 38. The method of any one of embodiments 1-37, wherein the composition is formulated as a food product, nutritional product, food ingredient, dietary supplement, or medicament. 39. The method of any one of embodiments 1-38, wherein the composition comprises at least about 1 x 10⁴ CFU/g to at least about 1 x 10¹⁴ CFU/g of the substantially pure bacterial species. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 40. The method of any one of embodiments 1-39, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises administering the composition for at least 1 day. 41. The method of any one of embodiments 1-40, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises administering the composition for at least 1 week. 42. The method of any one of embodiments 1-41, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises administering the composition for at least one month. 43. A method of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure bacterial species. 44. The method of embodiment 43, wherein the one or more substantially pure bacterial species comprise commensal bacterial species. 45. The method of embodiment 43 or embodiment 44, wherein the one or more substantially pure bacterial species is selected from an Akkermansia species, and Alistipes species, a Bacteroides species, a Barnesiella species, and Intestinimonas species, an Oscillibacter species and a Phocaeicola species. 46. The method of embodiment 45, wherein the Akkermansia species is not (i) Akkermansia muciniphila; or (ii) Akkermansia glycaniphila. 47. The method of embodiment 45 or embodiment 46, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises a genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with Akkermansia massiliensis. 48. The method of any one of embodiments 45-47, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises Akkermansia massiliensis. 49. The method of any one of embodiments 45-48, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises the Akkermansia species deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Akkermansia species deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459. 50. The method of any one of embodiments 45-49, wherein the Alistipes species comprises Alistipes inops and/or Alistipes onderdonkii. 51. The method of embodiment 50, wherein the Alistipes inops comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes inops strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031; and the Alistipes Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT onderdonkii comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes onderdonkii deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033. 52. The method of any one of embodiments 45-51, wherein the Bacteroides species comprises Bacteroides finegoldii. 53. The method of embodiment 52, wherein the Bacteroides finegoldii comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013. 54. The method of any one of embodiments 45-53, wherein the Barnesiella species comprises Barnesiella intestinihominis. 55. The method of embodiment 54, wherein the Barnesiella intestinihominis comprises a) the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012; and/or b) the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032. 56. The method of any one of embodiments 45-55, wherein the Intestinimonas species comprises Intestinimonas massiliensis. 57. The method of embodiment 56, wherein the Intestinimonas massiliensis comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460. 58. The method of any one of embodiments 45-57, wherein the Oscillibacter species comprises a genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with the Oscillibacter species deposited under DSM 34011. 59. The method of embodiment 58, wherein the Oscillibacter strain comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Oscillibacter species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011. 60. The method of any one of embodiments 45-59, wherein the Phocaeicola species comprises Phocaeicola vulgatus. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 61. The method of embodiment 60, wherein the Phocaeicola vulgatus comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Phocaeicola species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030. 62. The method of any one of embodiments 43-61, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators are produced by dendritic cells, macrophages or a combination of both. 63. The method of any one of embodiments 43-62, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators comprise IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, TGF-β and/or any combination thereof. 64. The method of any one of embodiments 43-63, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators are increased or decreased by 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% in comparison to the level of immune system function mediators in the subject before administration of the composition. 65. The method of any one of embodiments 43-64, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators induce an immunoboosting or immunostimulatory effect. 66. The method of any one of embodiments 43-65, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators induce an anti-inflammatory effect. 67. The method of any one of embodiments 43-66, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators are associated with an immune system related disorder. 68. The method of embodiment 67, wherein the immune system related disorder comprises non-inflammatory disorders, acute inflammatory disorders and/or chronic inflammatory disorders. 69. The method of any one of embodiments 43-68, wherein the composition comprises a probiotic, a prebiotic, postbiotic, human milk oligosaccharides, xylitol, betaine, and/or a botanical. 70. The method of any one of embodiments 43-69, wherein the composition has been pasteurized or heat treated. 71. The method of any one of embodiments 43-70, wherein the composition is lyophilized, freeze dried or spray dried. 72. The method of any one of embodiments 43-71, wherein the composition is encapsulated or coated. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 73. The method of any one of embodiments 43-72, wherein the composition is a pharmaceutical composition and further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient. 74. The method of any one of embodiments 43-73, wherein the composition is formulated as a tablet, lozenge, prolonged-release capsule, prolonged-release granule, powder, sachet, nasal spray, ointment, serum, lotion or gummy. 75. The method of any one of embodiments 43-74, wherein the composition is formulated as a food product, food ingredient, dietary supplement, or medicament. 76. The method of any one of embodiments 43-75, wherein the composition comprises at least about 1 x 10⁴ CFU/g to at least about 1 x 10¹⁴ CFU/g of the substantially pure bacterial species. 77. The method of any one of embodiments 43-76, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises administering the composition for at least 1 day. 78. The method of any one of embodiments 43-77, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises administering the composition for at least 1 week. 79. The method of any one of embodiments 43-78, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises administering the composition for at least one month. EXAMPLES Example 1: Identification of Akkermansia massiliensis [0154] This example describes the growth and isolation of a new species of Akkermansia previously identified by the authors as Akkermansia sp. DSM 33459, thereafter renamed Akkermansia massiliensis (Ndongo et al, 2022. Nature Scientific Reports.12(21747), the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety). [0155] Clinical samples were obtained and analyzed for abundance of the top candidates, based on the previously analyzed 16S community analysis. Strain P122_6884 (DSM 33459) was isolated from fecal sample F015V3 using selection on YCFA medium containing mucin at 10g/L, during a second isolation round which followed a general round of isolation, with targets being any of the top candidates. Briefly, aliquots used in the isolation round were previously Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT made of fecal material from sample F015V3 mixed with glycerol so that the final glycerol concentration was 25%. These aliquots were stored at -80°C until needed. One aliquot was removed from the freezer, placed in the anaerobic chamber, and allowed to thaw at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes. All work was performed in an anaerobic chamber, using a mixed gas of N2/CO2/H2 (85/10/5 %), unless otherwise stated. A measured portion was removed and diluted serially in YCFA broth without mucin. 100µl aliquots were plated from the 10^-4, 10^-5 and 10^-6 dilutions onto YCFA + mucin agar, in omni trays. Bacterial cells were spread using about a dozen sterile glass beads to spread the dilution aliquot evenly onto the agar surface. Plates were incubated at 37°C for approximately 72 hours in anaerobic boxes with sachets to create an anaerobic environment. [0156] De-oxygenated growth medium, YCFA + mucin at 10g/L, was dispensed into 1ml deep well plates, 350µl per well. Single colonies were picked and inoculated into the plates with the pre-dispensed medium, 1 colony per well. Plates were covered with a breathable cover allowing for gas exchange. Plates were incubated at 37°C for approximately 216 hours. The cultures were gently mixed using the 96 well head Integra pipettor. An aliquot of culture taken for 16S PCR analysis, and the remainder of the culture mixed with sterile, de-oxygenated 50% glycerol + 1g/L L-Cysteine, so that the final glycerol concentration was 25%. These cultures pipetted to appropriate long-term storage vials, stored at -80°C. [0157] 16S Identification: The aliquot of cell culture for PCR was diluted approximately 1:100 with sterile water. This dilution into water was used as the template in a 16S PCR reaction. PCR primers used to amplify the 16S gene were: 8F: AGA GTT TGA TYM TGG CTC and 1492R: CGG TTA CCT TGT TAC GAC TT. PCR reaction conditions and Thermocycler setup were standard for polymerase Q5. An aliquot of the 16S PCR reactions were run on a gel to confirm the presence of a 16S PCR product of expected size. An aliquot of the 16S PCR reactions underwent enzymatic purification using the ExoSAP-IT Express for PCR Cleanup Kit. This sample was then sent for sanger sequencing using an outside third-party vendor. The 16S Primer used most frequently for 16S sanger sequencing was 515F: GTG CCA GCM GCC GCG GTA A. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0158] The 16S sequences were then compared against the 16S amplicon sequences of the list of top candidates. These results revealed that the closest matching candidate was Akkermansia muciniphila. The vial corresponding to the well containing the desired strain was removed from the freezer and placed into the anaerobic chamber, so that a small portion of the frozen culture could be removed from the vial and streaked onto a YCFA + mucin at 10g/L agar plate. This plate was incubated at 37°C in an anaerobic box with sachets until there was sufficient growth to make a frozen stock and extract DNA. [0159] Genome of strain P122_6884 (DSM 33459): The DNA extraction kit used was the Qiagen MagAttract® PowerSoil® DNA KF (King Fisher) Kit. Growth which had been recently streaked was scrapped off a YCFA + mucin at 10g/L agar plate, and cells were resuspended in the first solution from the DNA extraction kit. Cells were gently resuspended to break up cell clumps, by gently pipetting. This cell resuspension was evenly distributed to multiple wells of the PowerMag Bead Plate. The number of wells was determined by the amount and density of cell the cell suspension. The manufacturer’s protocol was then followed for DNA extraction. After completion of DNA extraction, like wells were combined into one DNA sample, and the DNA concentration was determined using the Invitrogen Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA quantitation kit. DNA was then sent for whole genome sequencing. [0160] Sequencing libraries were prepared with the Nextera Flex kit (Illumina) and sequenced on MiSeq (Illumina) in paired read 2x150nt. To improve the assembly quality, long-read sequencing was added using the Oxford Nanopore GridION system. Illumina reads were first trimmed for quality using sickle (v.1.33) (Joshi NA 2011 Software) and a hybrid de novo assembly was performed using the Unicycler (v0.4.7) pipeline, which included a read error correction step using SPAdes (v.3.10.0) (Wick et al., 2017 PLoS Comput Biol, 13(6): p. e1005595). The completeness of genome assembly was evaluated quantitatively with BUSCO (Seppey et al., 2019 Methods Mol Biol, 1962: p.227-245), based on gene content from near- universal single-copy orthologs. [0161] The draft genome of strain P122_6884 (DSM 33459) is comprised of 11 contigs with N50 of 2,020,938 bp. The genome size is 3.21 Mb, which is larger than the genome sizes of type Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT strains of the other two Akkermansia species: A. muciniphila Muc^T (2.66 Mbp) and A. glycaniphila Pyt^T (3.07 Mb). The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 57.7%. [0162] The taxonomy of strain P122_6884 (DSM 33459) was established by comparing the similarity of the full length 16S rRNA sequence and genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI) to Akkermansia reference strains (Table 1). The 16S rRNA sequence is 99.2% similar to the Akkermansia muciniphila type strain ATCC BAA-835; however, a genomic comparison between these two strains showed the ANI is only 87.5%. This is lower than the representative cut-off of 96% for speciation (Goris et al, 2007 Int J Syst Evol Microbiol.57(Pt 1):81-91.). A phylogenetic tree was constructed for 1000 single-copy genes for select type strains of Akkermansia, including the newly proposed, but not yet validated species Akkermansia massiliensis sp. nov. (Marseille- P6666T) and Akkermansia timonensis sp. nov. (Akk0196T) (FIG.1) (Ndongo et al, 2022). Both the phylogenetic and genetic analyses indicate that Akkermansia sp. P122_6884 (DSM 33459) is more similar to the proposed type strain Akkermansia massiliensis sp. nov. Marseille-P6666 (16S rRNA similarity = 99.7%; ANI = 99.85%). Table 1. Genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI) of Akkermansia sp. P122_6884 (DSM 33459) to Akkermansia type strains. Akkermansia sp. Akkermansia Akkermansia P122 6884 mucini hila BAA-835 l cani hila P t

[0163] A fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analysis (Welch, 1991. Applications of cellular fatty- acid analysis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.4:422-438) of cellular fatty acids was performed by Microbial ID Inc (DE, USA), where strain P122_6884 (DSM 33459) and A. muciniphila ATCC strain BAA835 underwent standard sample preparation by growing on BHIA to extract the fatty acid methyl esters for identification. Samples are then loaded onto the gas chromatograph for analysis. Using the Sherlock® pattern recognition software, a sample FAME profile was generated. The samples were then compared to determine the similarity. As shown in Table 2, Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT the FAME profile showed significant difference between strain P122_6884 (DSM 33459) and ATCC strain BAA835. Table 2: Comparative FAME characteristics of the strains BAA835 and P122_6884 (DSM 33459). Fatty Acid ^P122_6884 (_{DSM 33459)} BAA835

[0164] Strain P122_6884 (DSM 33459) was thereafter deposited by DuPont Nutrition Biosciences ApS, of Langebrogade 1, DK-1411 Copenhagen K, Denmark, in accordance with Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT the Budapest Treaty at the Leibniz10 Institut Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ), Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany, where they are recorded under the following registration number: Strain P122_6884 (DGCC12918); deposited on 4 March 2020, under registration number DSM 33459. Example 2: Activity of Akkermansia strains on immune cell cytokine production. [0165] This Example describes the ability of Akkermansia massiliensis to modulate immune responses by influencing cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells. [0166] Akkermansia muciniphila DSM22959 and Akkermansia massiliensis DSM33459 microbial strains were grown similar to described in Example 1. Briefly, microbial strains were grown 3 times over a period of 3-4 days on YCFAC plates under anaerobic conditions (80% N2, 10% H2, 10% CO2). For cell experiments, microbial strains were grown on YCFAC plates for 4 days and suspended from YCFAC plates to RPMI medium at a concentration of 10^8 bacteria/ml at a bacteria:host cell ratio of 10:1. Bacterial concentration was determined with BactoBox and/or flow cytometry. [0167] Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from freshly collected leukocyte-rich buffy coats from four healthy blood donors from the Finnish Red Cross Blood Service (permission no 46/2016). The Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland approved the use of human blood (with the permission 216/13/03/00/2016). PBMCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and monocytes were purified with CD14+ magnetic beads. For macrophage assays, purified monocytes were plated on 24 well plates at a density of 3 x 10⁵ cells per well and differentiated for 7 days in Macrophage-SFM (Gibco, Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) with recombinant human GM-CSF (Miltenyi Biotech) 1000 IU/ml and 1 % Antibiotic-Antimycotic. For dendritic cell assays, monocytes were plated on 12 well plates 5 x 10⁵ cells per well (Falcon, Corning, NY, USA) and maintained for 7 d in RPMI-1640 (Sigma) supplemented with 1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic, 10% fetal bovine serum, IL-4 (400 IU/ml) and GM-CSF (1000 IU/ml). Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0168] Macrophages or dendritic cells from blood donors described above were stimulated with Akkermansia muciniphila DSM22959 or Akkermansia massiliensis DSM33459, with plain media used as a negative control for 24 h for macrophages or 48 h for dendritic cells. [0169] Cell culture supernatants were analyzed for IL-12, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β and IL-23 from dendritic cell assays and IL-12, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ from macrophage assays by Quanterix multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Quanterix, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA). Results were analyzed with CiraSoft software (Quanterix). [0170] The cytokine production as pg/ml from the cell culture supernatants for macrophages at 24 hours with standard error is shown in FIG.2. Statistical significance between the different stimulus is presented as ns = not significant, * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, and **** = p<0.0001. Table 3 shows statistical analysis of cytokine production in macrophages, where for each combination of cytokine and cell type, data were separately modeled using linear fixed effects model (corresponding to one-way ANOVA) and pairwise comparisons were performed using model contrasts. The estimate of the comparison between Group 1 and Group 2 is presented with standard error and p-value. Result was considered statistically significant if the p value was <0.05. Table 3. Statistical analysis of cytokine production in macrophages. cytokine group 1 group 2 estimate SE p value 87 0 4 6 0 5 2 0 2 8 0 9 1

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT Control A. muciniphila -170.05 5047.15 0.999 A. massiliensis A. muciniphila 14472.13 5827.94 0.066 3 8 9

[0171] The cytokine production as pg/ml from the cell culture supernatants for dendritic cells at 48 hours as mean with standard error is shown in FIG.3. Statistical significance between the different stimulus is presented as ns = not significant, * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, and **** = p<0.0001. Table 4 shows statistical analysis of cytokine production in dendritic cells, where for each combination of cytokine and cell type, data were separately modeled using linear fixed effects model (corresponding to one-way ANOVA) and pairwise comparisons were performed using model contrasts. The estimate of the comparison between Group 1 and Group 2 is presented with standard error and p-value. Result was considered statistically significant if the p value was <0.05. Table 4. Statistical analysis of cytokine production in dendritic cells. cytokine group 1 group 2 estimate standard p value error 4 7 2 1 6 1 1 4 1 1 0 1 1 9 1 1 6

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT A. massiliensis A. muciniphila 6498.27 264.86 <0.0001 TGF-β1 Control A. massiliensis -1587.88 181.42 <0.0001 0 1 1 1 1

massiliensis DSM33459 was capable of inducing anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages compared to control cells, and higher amounts of IL-10 compared to the Akkermansia muciniphila type strain from dendritic cells. In addition, Akkermansia massiliensis DSM33459 was capable of inducing higher amounts of IL- 12, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β and IL-23 from dendritic cells compared to control cells and to Akkermansia muciniphila and IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α from macrophages compared to control cells. Example 3: Identification of additional commensal species [0173] This example describes the growth and isolation of several species derived from fecal samples similar to described in Example 1. The species were identified by the authors similar to as described in International Publication number WO2023/092141, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The growth and isolation includes a new species of Oscillibacter identified by the authors as Oscillibacter sp. thereafter deposited by DuPont Nutrition Biosciences ApS, of Langebrogade 1, DK-1411 Copenhagen K, Denmark, in accordance with the Budapest Treaty at the Leibniz10 Institut Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ), Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany, and recorded under the following registration number: Strain P3_135 (DGCC13804); deposited on 8 September 2021, under registration number DSM 34011. [0174] Clinical samples were obtained and analyzed for abundance of the top candidates, based on a previously analyzed 16S community analysis. Strains were isolated from subject 1 fecal sample using selection on M2GSC medium C, and then maintained on YCFAC medium. Briefly, aliquots used in the isolation round were previously made of fecal material from sample subject Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 1 mixed with glycerol so that the final glycerol concentration was 25%. These aliquots were stored at -80°C until needed. One aliquot was removed from the freezer, placed in the anaerobic chamber, and allowed to thaw at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes. All work was performed in an anaerobic chamber, using a mixed gas of N2/CO2/H2 (85/10/5 %), unless otherwise stated. A measured portion was removed and diluted serially in YCFA broth. 100µl aliquots were plated from the 10^-4, 10^-5 and 10^-6 dilutions onto YCFA, in omni trays. Bacterial cells were spread using about a dozen sterile glass beads to spread the dilution aliquot evenly onto the agar surface. Plates were incubated at 37°C for approximately 72 hours in anaerobic boxes with sachets to create an anaerobic environment. [0175] De-oxygenated growth medium, YCFA, was dispensed into 1ml deep well plates, 350µl per well. Single colonies were picked and inoculated into the plates with the pre-dispensed medium, 1 colony per well. Plates were covered with a breathable cover allowing for gas exchange. Plates were incubated at 37°C for approximately3 days. The cultures were gently mixed using the 96 well head Integra pipettor. An aliquot of culture taken for 16S PCR analysis, and the remainder of the culture mixed with sterile, de-oxygenated 50% glycerol + 1g/L L- Cysteine, so that the final glycerol concentration was 25%. These cultures pipetted to appropriate long-term storage vials, stored at -80°C. [0176] Genome of Oscillibacter sp. strain DSM34011: The DNA extraction kit used was the Qiagen MagAttract® PowerSoil® DNA KF (King Fisher) Kit. Growth which had been recently streaked was scrapped off a YCFA agar plate, and cells were resuspended in the first solution from the DNA extraction kit. Cells were gently resuspended to break up cell clumps, by gently pipetting. This cell resuspension was evenly distributed to multiple wells of the PowerMag Bead Plate. The number of wells was determined by the amount and density of cell the cell suspension. The manufacturer’s protocol was then followed for DNA extraction. After completion of DNA extraction, like wells were combined into one DNA sample, and the DNA concentration was determined using the Invitrogen Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA quantitation kit. DNA was then sent for whole genome sequencing. [0177] Sequencing libraries were prepared with the Nextera Flex kit (Illumina) and sequenced on MiSeq (Illumina) in paired read 2x150nt. To improve the assembly quality, long-read Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT sequencing was added using the Oxford Nanopore GridION system. Illumina reads were first trimmed for quality using sickle (v.1.33) (Joshi NA 2011 Software) and a hybrid de novo assembly was performed using the Unicycler (v0.4.7) pipeline, which included a read error correction step using SPAdes (v.3.10.0) (Wick et al., 2017 PLoS Comput Biol, 13(6): p. e1005595). The completeness of genome assembly was evaluated quantitatively with BUSCO (Seppey et al., 2019 Methods Mol Biol, 1962: p.227-245), based on gene content from near- universal single-copy orthologs. [0178] Genome Sequencing and Assembly: The genome of the Oscillibacter sp. strain was sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 paired-end 2x250 bp reads. The reads were quality filtered, error corrected using BFC and then assembled using SPAdes (Bankevich et al., 2012; Li, 2015). The assembly was further corrected using Pilon and annotated using Prokka (Seemann, 2014; Walker et al., 2014). The completeness of the genome assembly was evaluated with BUSCO based on gene content from near-universal single-copy orthologs (Simao et al., 2015). The resulting draft genome of the Oscillibacter sp. strain was comprised of 121 contigs with a total genome size of 3.39 Mbp, an N50 of 127,403 and an average G+C content of 55.7%. [0179] The taxonomy of the Oscillibacter sp. DSM34011 was determined by comparison of the full-length 16S rRNA gene and the genome-wide average nucleotide identity (ANI) to the type strains of closely related species. The 16S rRNA sequence similarity of the closest relatives Dysosmobacter welbionis, Oscillibacter valericigenes and Oscillibacter ruminantium are all greater than the recognized species boundary of 98.6% (Table 5) (Kim et al., 2014). The genome-wide ANI between strain DSM34011and D. welbionis J115 is 81.4%, and 78.0% between strain DSM34011 and O. valericigenes Sjm18-20. The ANI of DSM34011 to its closest relatives is greater than 95%, which is a representative cut-off for speciation (Table 6) (Goris et al., 2007). A phylogenetic tree was constructed containing Oscillibacter-like species including type strains and other publicly available genomes. RAxML was used to align 100 single copy core genes with bootstrap values shown for 100 iterations (FIG.4) (Stamatakis, 2014). The Oscillibacter sp. DSM34011 strain does not cluster clearly with either the type strains of known species from Oscillibacter or Dysosmobacter. Based on the results from both the taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, the Oscillibacter sp. DSM34011 is proposed as a novel species. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT Table 5: 16S rRNA similarity for strain DSM34011 to the nearest type strains. Sequence Strain similarity (%) NCBI RefSeq ID Nearest type strain

Table 6: Genome-wide average nucleotide identity (ANI) for strain DSM34011 to the nearest type strains. Strain DSM34011 J115 GH1 Sjm18-

Example 4: Activity of additional commensal strains on immune cell cytokine production. [0180] This Example describes the ability of Alistipes inops strain deposited under DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii strain deposited under DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited under DSM 34013, Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited under DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited under DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited under DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. strain deposited under DSM 34011 and Phocaeicola vulgatus strain deposited under DSM 34030, to modulate immune responses by influencing cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells. [0181] Alistipes inops strain deposited under DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii strain deposited under DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited under DSM 34013, Barnesiella Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT intestinihominis strain deposited under DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited under DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited under DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. strain deposited under DSM 34011 and Phocaeicola vulgatus strain deposited under DSM 34030 microbial strains were grown similar to described in Example 1 and Example 3. Briefly, microbial strains were grown 3 times over a period of 3-4 days on YCFAC plates under anaerobic conditions (80% N2, 10% H2, 10% CO2). For cell experiments, microbial strains were grown on YCFAC plates for 4 days and suspended from YCFAC plates to RPMI medium at a concentration of 10^8 bacteria/ml at a bacteria:host cell ratio of 10:1. Bacterial concentration was determined with BactoBox and/or flow cytometry. [0182] Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from freshly collected leukocyte-rich buffy coats from four healthy blood donors from the Finnish Red Cross Blood Service (permission no 46/2016). The Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland approved the use of human blood (with the permission 216/13/03/00/2016). PBMCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and monocytes were purified with CD14+ magnetic beads. For macrophage assays, purified monocytes were plated on 24 well plates at a density of 3 x 10⁵ cells per well and differentiated for 7 days in Macrophage-SFM (Gibco, Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) with recombinant human GM-CSF (Miltenyi Biotech) 1000 IU/ml and 1 % Antibiotic-Antimycotic. For dendritic cell assays, monocytes were plated on 12 well plates 5 x 10⁵ cells per well (Falcon, Corning, NY, USA) and maintained for 7 d in RPMI-1640 (Sigma) supplemented with 1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic, 10% fetal bovine serum, IL-4 (400 IU/ml) and GM-CSF (1000 IU/ml). [0183] Macrophages or dendritic cells from blood donors described above were stimulated with Alistipes inops strain deposited under DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii strain deposited under DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited under DSM 34013, Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited under DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited under DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited under DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. strain deposited under DSM 34011 and Phocaeicola vulgatus strain deposited under DSM 34030, with plain media used as a negative control for 24 h for macrophages or 48 h for dendritic cells. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0184] Cell culture supernatants were analyzed for IL-12, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β and IL-23 from dendritic cell assays and IL-12, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ from macrophage assays by Quanterix multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Quanterix, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA). Results were analyzed with CiraSoft software (Quanterix). [0185] The cytokine production as log10 fold change over control sample from the cell culture supernatants for macrophages at 24 hours as a box plot with median of four donors and whiskers at min and max is shown in FIG.5. Statistical significance between the different stimulus is presented as ns = not significant, * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, and **** = p<0.0001. Table 7 shows statistical analysis of cytokine production in macrophages, where for each combination of cytokine and cell type, data were separately modeled using linear fixed effects model (corresponding to one-way ANOVA) and pairwise comparisons were performed using model contrasts. The estimate of the comparison between Group 1 and Group 2 (control, “ctrl”) is presented with standard error and p-value. Result was considered statistically significant if the p value was <0.05. Table 7. Statistical analysis of cytokine production in macrophages. cytokine group 1 group 2 estimate SE p value Ali i i D M C l 246 017 107E 13 3 3 1 9 3 3 3

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT I^L-6 Alistipes inops DSM Ctrl 3.43 0.24 1.07E-13 34031 13 3 0 9 3 3 3 9 3 9 4 4 7 5 5 9 3 1 5

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT Barnesiella Ctrl 0.88 0.20 7.79E-04 intestinihominis DSM 1 1 6 3 3 3 0 6 2 1 9 2 3 3 5 2 1 9 8

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0186] The cytokine production as log10 fold change over control sample from the cell culture supernatants for dendritic cells at 48 hours as a box plot with median of four donors and whiskers at min and max shown in FIG.6. Statistical significance between the different stimulus is presented as ns = not significant, * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, and **** = p<0.0001. Table 8 shows statistical analysis of cytokine production in dendritic cells, where for each combination of cytokine and cell type, data were separately modeled using linear fixed effects model (corresponding to one-way ANOVA) and pairwise comparisons were performed using model contrasts. The estimate of the comparison between Group 1 and Group 2 (control, “ctrl”) is presented with standard error and p-value. Result was considered statistically significant if the p value was <0.05. Table 8. Statistical analysis of cytokine production in dendritic cells. cytokine group 1 group 2 estimate standard p value error 06 11 05 03 04 04 02 04 0⁵ 13 05 08 08 08

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT O_{scillibacter sp. DSM 34011} ^{Ctrl 0.85 0.19 4.99E-04} Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM Ctrl 0.13 0.19 9.51E-01 0¹ 05 01 01 01 01 0¹ 01 0⁹ 10 07 13 01 13 1³ 04 07 13 10 08 09 11 06 3

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT [0187] As shown in FIG.5 and FIG.6, and outlined in Table 7 and Table 8, Alistipes inops DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 34013, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. DSM 34011, and Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM 34030 were capable of inducing anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) from human monocyte- derived dendritic cells and macrophages compared to control cells, suggesting control of the inflammatory and/or immune response; or in the case of dendritic cells polarization of dendritic cells towards immunoregulation and capacity to induce regulatory T cells. In addition, Alistipes inops DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 34013, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. DSM 34011, and Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM 34030 were capable of inducing higher amounts of IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, from macrophages compared to control cells, suggesting an immunostimulatory effect. [0188] In addition, Alistipes inops DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 34013, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. DSM 34011, and Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM 34030 were capable of inducing higher amounts of IL-12, and IFN-γ, from dendritic cells compared to control cells, suggesting dendritic cell polarization towards type 1 immunity (or in other words T helper cell type 1 immunity). Further, Alistipes inops DSM 34031, Alistipes onderdonkii DSM 34033, Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 34013, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34012, Barnesiella intestinihominis DSM 34032, Intestinimonas massiliensis DSM 33460, Oscillibacter sp. DSM 34011, and Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM 34030 were capable of inducing higher amounts of IL-6, and IL-23, from dendritic cells compared to control cells, suggesting dendritic cell polarization towards type 3 immunity (or in other words T helper cell type 17 immunity). Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT Example 5: Effect of Akkermansia strains on Cytokine and Chemokine Production under various conditions [0189] This example describes the ability of multiple strains of Akkermansia massiliensis to modulate immune responses by influencing cytokine production in THP-1 monocyte derived macrophages. [0190] Akkermansia massiliensis DSM33459 (Amas DSM33459), Akkermanisa massiliensis type strain CECT 30548 (Amas(TS)), and Akkermansia muciniphila DSM 22959 (Amuc) strains were grown on Yeast Casitone Fatty Acids with Carbohydrates (YCFAC) agar plates (Anaerobe systems, USA) for 48 h under anoxic condition in Whitley A95 anaerobic cabinet (Don Whitley Scientific Ltd, UK). The gas mix in the cabinet was (80% N2, 10% H2 and 10% CO2). All strains were refreshed twice on sterile YCFAC plates and grown in the same conditions as above. On the day of experiment the microbial biomass was suspended in the RPMI sterile media supplemented with 1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic (AB, Gibco, Life Technologies) and kept in anoxic conditions. Bactobox (SBT Instruments, Denmark) was used to obtain a final concentration of 10⁸ bacteria/ml live bacteria. [0191] THP-1 cells (ECACC, Public Health England, 88081201 growing culture) were maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI, with L-glutamine, Gibco, Life Technologies) medium supplemented 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, Gibco, Life Technologies) and 1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic (AB, Gibco, Life Technologies) at +37 °C in 5% CO₂ atmosphere. The cells were passaged at least twice when reaching the density of 8x10⁵ – 1x10⁶ cell/ml before they were used in the experiments. THP-1 cells were differentiated to macrophage-like cells by adding 7.5 x 10⁴ cells/well in 200 µl into 96-well plates in complete RPMI media supplemented with 187.5 ng/ml Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, Sigma). Cells were differentiated for 3d (~72h) before the experiment. The differentiation was confirmed by microscopy to visualize the morphological changes of the cells. [0192] The macrophage like cells were incubated in the presence of Akkermansia massiliensis DSM33459(Amas DSM33459), Akkermanisa massiliensis type strain CECT 30548 (Amas(TS)), or Akkermansia muciniphila DSM 22959 (Amuc) strains described above, either alone (no Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT challenge, (FIG.7A) or in the presence of two separate stimulatory compounds to macrophages: a combination of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyIC) at 15 µg/ml and Resiquimod (R848) at 5 µM (PolyIC, FIG. 7C), or a TNFα challenge added at a final concentration of 1 ng/ml TNF-α (FIG.7B). The stimulatory compounds were added to the macrophages immediately after addition of the bacteria. The cells and bacteria under the different conditions were incubated for 24 hours, after which plates were centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min, and supernatant was collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immediately frozen at -80 ˚C until further use. [0193] Multiplex ELISA was performed on supernatant samples using the Luminex technology platform provided by Bio-Rad (Bio-Plex 200) following manufacturer’s instructions. The analytes were tested in one multiplex assay panel (Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Screening Panel) which included interleukin (IL) 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10, a.k.a. CXCL10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1, a.k.a. C-C motif chemokine 2 or CCL2). [0194] As shown in FIGs.7A-7C, both Akkermansia massiliensis strains (Amas(TS) and Amas DSM33459) were capable of inducing the cytokine IL-6 and the chemokines MCP-1 and IP-10 to a higher degree than the species Akkermansia muciniphila (Amuc) under no challenge conditions (FIG. 7A), and the chemokine IP-10 under both TNF-α (FIG. 7B) and PolyIC (FIG. 7C) conditions to a higher degree than the species Akkermansia muciniphila (Amuc). In addition, Akkermansia massiliensis strain DSM33459 was capable of inducing the chemokine MCP-1 and the cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 under TNF-α conditions (FIG.7B) to a higher degree than the species Akkermansia muciniphila (Amuc). [0195] The statistical analysis was carried out using parametric one-way ANOVA (i.e., linear fixed effects model), followed by model contrasts, comparing the results with the reference or pairwise comparisons between Amas DSM33459 vs Amas (TS), Amas DSM33459 vs Amuc or Amas (TS) vs Amuc. Prior to statistical analysis, data were log-transformed to guarantee good fit of the model to the data. All strains were tested using two biological replicates added in triplicates. The obtained p-values were adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg method. Statistical significance is presented as **** (p < 0.0001), *** (p < 0.001), ** (p < 0.01), * (p < 0.05). Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT SEQUENCES Barnesiella intestinihominis -DSM 3403216S CGAAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGATGAACGCTAGCGACAGGCCTAACACATGCAAGTCGAGGGGCA GCGGAGAGGTAGCAATACCTTTGCCGGCGACCGGCGCACGGGTGAGTAACACGTATGCAATCCACCT GTAACAGGGGGATAACCCGGAGAAATCCGGACTAATACCCCATAATATGGGCTCTCCGCATGGAGGG TCCATTAAAGAGAGCAATTTTGGTTACAGACGAGCATGCGCTCCATTAGCCAGTTGGCGGGGTAACGG CCCACCAAAGCGACGATGGATAGGGGTTCTGAGAGGAAGGTCCCCCACATTGGAACTGAGACACGGT CCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGAGGAATATTGGTCAATGGTCGGCAGACTGAACCAGCCAAGT CGCGTGAGGGAAGACGGCCCTACGGGTTGTAAACCTCTTTTGTCGGAGAGTAAAGTACGCTACGTGTA GCGTATTGCAAGTATCCGAAGAAAAAGCATCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAG GATGCGAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGTTTAAAGGGTGCGTAGGCGGCACGCCAAGTCAGCGGTGAA ATTTTCGGGCTCAACCCGGACTGTGCCGTTGAAACTGGCGAGCTAGAGTGCACAAGAGGCAGGCGGA ATGCGTGGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCATAGATATCACGCAGAACCCCGATTGCGAAGGCAGCCTGCTAG GGTGCGACAGACGCTGAGGCACGAAAGCGTGGGTATCGAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACG CAGTAAACGATGAATACTAACTGTTTGCGATACAATGTAAGCGGTACAGCGAAAGCGTTAAGTATTCC ACCTGGGGAGTACGCCGGCAACGGTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGAGGA ACATGTGGTTTAATTCGATGATACGCGAGGAACCTTACCCGGGCTCAAACGCAGGGGGAATATATATG AAAGTATATAGCTAGCAATAGTCACCTGCGAGGTGCTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGCCGTGAGGT GTCGGCTTAAGTGCCATAACGAGCGCAACCCCTATCGACAGTTACTAACGGGTCAAGCCGAGGACTCT GTCGAGACTGCCGGCGCAAGCCGCGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCAGCACGGCCCTTACGTC CGGGGCGACACACGTGTTACAATGGCAGGTACAGAAGGCAGCCAGTCAGCAATGACGCGCGAATCCC GAAAACCTGTCTCAGTTCGGATTGGAGTCTGCAACCCGACTCCATGAAGCTGGATTCGCTAGTAATCG CGCATCAGCCATGGCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAAGCCATGGAAGC CGGGAGTACCTGAAGCATGCAACCGCAAGGAGCGTACGAAGGTAATACCGGTAACTGGGGCTAAGTC GTAACAAGGTAGCCGTACCGGAAGGTGCGGCTGGAACACCTCCTTT (SEQ ID NO:1) Barnesiella intestinihominis -DSM 3401216S CGGCGACCGGCGCACGGGTGAGTAACACGTATGCAATCCACCTGTAACAGGGGGATAACCCGGAGAA ATCCGGACTAATACCCCATAATATGGGCTCTCCGCATGGAGGGTCCATTAAAGAGAGCAATTTTGGTT ACAGACGAGCATGCGCTCCATTAGCCAGTTGGCGGGGTAACGGCCCACCAAAGCGACGATGGATAGG GGTTCTGAGAGGAAGGTCCCCCACATTGGAACTGAGACACGGTCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG TGAGGAATATTGGTCAATGGTCGGCAGACTGAACCAGCCAAGTCGCGTGAGGGAAGACGGCCCTACG GGTTGTAAACCTCTTTTGTCGGAGAGTAAAGTACGCTACGCGTAGCGTATTGCAAGTATCCGAAGAAA AAGCATCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGATGCGAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATT GGGTTTAAAGGGTGCGTAGGCGGCACGCCAAGTCAGCGGTGAAATTTCCGGGCTCAACCCGGAATGT GCCGTTGAAACTGGCGAGCTAGAGTGCACAAGAGGCAGGCGGAATGCGTGGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGC ATAGATATCACGCAGAACCCCGATTGCGAAGGCAGCCTGCTAGGGTGCGACAGACGCTGAGGCACGA AAGCGTGGGTATCGAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCAGTAAACGATGAATACTAACTGTT TGCGATACAATGTAAGCGGTACAGCGAAAGCGTTAAGTATTCCACCTGGGGAGTACGCCGGCAACGG TGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGAGGAACATGTGGTTTAATTCGATGATACG CGAGGAACCTTACCCGGGCTCAAACGCAGGGGGAATATATATGAAAGTATATAGCTAGCAATAGTCA CCTGCGAGGTGCTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGCCGTGAGGTGTCGGCTTAAGTGCCATAACGAGC GCAACCCCTATCGACAGTTACTAACGGGTCAAGCCGAGGACTCTGTCGAGACTGCCGGCGCAAGCCGC GAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCAGCACGGCCCTTACGTCCGGGGCGACACACGTGTTACAATG GCAGGTACAGAAGGCAGCCAGTCAGCAATGACGCGCGAATCCCGAAAACCTGTCTCAGTTCGGATTG GAGTCTGCAACCCGACTCCATGAAGCTGGATTCGCTAGTAATCGCGCATCAGCCATGGCGCGGTGAAT ACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAAGCCATGGAAGCCGGGAGTACCTGAAGCATGCAACC GCAAGGAGCGTACGAAGGTAATACCGGTAACTGGGGCTAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAGCCGTACCGGAAG GTGCGGCTGGAACACCTCCTTT (SEQ ID NO:2) Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT Alistipes onderonkii -DSM 3403316S ATGGAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGATGAACGCTAGCGGCAGGCCTAACACATGCAAGTCGAGGGGC ATCACGAGGTAGCAATACTTTGGTGGCGACCGGCGCACGGGTGCGTAACGCGTATGTAACCTACCTAT AACAGGGGCATAACACTGAGAAATTGGTACTAATTCCCCATAATATTCGGAGAGGCATCTCTCCGGGT TGAAAACTCCGGTGGTTATAGATGGACATGCGTTGTATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAACGGCTCACCAA GGCAACGATACATAGGGGGACTGAGAGGTTAACCCCCCACACTGGTACTGAGACACGGACCAGACTC CTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGAGGAATATTGGTCAATGGACGCAAGTCTGAACCAGCCATGCCGCGTGCA GGAAGACGGCTCTATGAGTTGTAAACTGCTTTTGTACGAGGGTAAACTCACCTACGTGTAGGTGACTG AAAGTATCGTACGAATAAGGATCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGATTCAAG CGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGTTTAAAGGGTGCGTAGGCGGTTTGATAAGTTAGAGGTGAAATCCCGGG GCTTAACTCCGGAACTGCCTCTAATACTGTTAGACTAGAGAGTAGTTGCGGTAGGCGGAATGTATGGT GTAGCGGTGAAATGCTTAGAGATCATACAGAACACCGATTGCGAAGGCAGCTTACCAAACTATATCTG ACGTTGAGGCACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCAGTAAACGA TGATAACTCGTTGTCGGCGATACACAGTCGGTGACTAAGCGAAAGCGATAAGTTATCCACCTGGGGAG TACGTTCGCAAGAATGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGAGGAACATGTGGTTT AATTCGATGATACGCGAGAAACCTTACCCGGGCTTGAAAGTTACTGACGATTCTGGAAACAGGATTTC CCTTTGGGGCAGGAAACTAGGTGCTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGCCGTGAGGTGTCGGGTTAAGT CCCATAACGAGCGCAACCCCTACCGTTAGTTGCCATCAGGTCAAGCTGGGCACTCTGGCGGGACTGCC GGTGTAAGCCGAGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCAGCACGGCCCTTACGTCCGGGGCTACACA CGTGTTACAATGGTAGGTACAGAGGGTCGCTACTCCGTGAGGAGATGCCAATCTCGAAAGCCTATCTC AGTTCGGATTGGAGGCTGAAACCCGCCTCCATGAAGTTGGATTCGCTAGTAATCGCGCATCAGCCATG GCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAAGCCATGGAAGCTGGGGGTGCCTGA AGTTCGTGACCGCAAGGAGCGACCTAGGGCAAAACCGGTAACTGGGGCTAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAGC CGTACCGGAAGGTGCGGCTGGAACACCTCCTTT (SEQ ID NO:3) Bacteroides finegoldii DSM 3401316S ATGAAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGATGAACGCTAGCTACAGGCTTAACACATGCAAGTCGAGGGGCA GCATTTTAGTTTGCTTGCAAACTAAAGATGGCGACCGGCGCACGGGTGAGTAACACGTATCCAACCTG CCGATAACTCAGGGATAGCCTTTCGAAAGAAAGATTAATACCTGATGGCATAGGATTATCGCATGATA ATCCTATTAAAGAATTTCGGTTATCGATGGGGATGCGTTCCATTAGGCAGTTGGTGAGGTAACGGCTC ACCAAACCTTCGATGGATAGGGGTTCTGAGAGGAAGGTCCCCCACATTGGAACTGAGACACGGTCCA AACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGAGGAATATTGGTCAATGGACGGGAGTCTGAACCAGCCAAGTAGC GTGAAGGATGACTGCCCTATGGGTTGTAAACTTCTTTTATACGGGAATAAAGTGATCCACGTGTGGGT TTTTGTATGTACCGTATGAATAAGGATCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGATC CGAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGTTTAAAGGGAGCGTAGGTGGATTGTTAAGTCAGTTGTGAAAGTT TGCGGCTCAACCGTAAAATTGCAGTTGATACTGGCAGTCTTGAGTACAGTAGAGGTGGGCGGAATTCG TGGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCTTAGATATCACGAAGAACTCCGATTGCGAAGGCAGCTCACTGGACTGCA ACTGACACTGATGCTCGAAAGTGTGGGTATCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACACAGTAAA CGATGAATACTCGCTGTTTGCGATATACGGTAAGCGGCCAAGCGAAAGCGTTAAGTATTCCACCTGGG GAGTACGCCGGCAACGGTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGAGGAACATGTGG TTTAATTCGATGATACGCGAGGAACCTTACCCGGGCTTAAATTACATTTGAATAATCTGGAAACAGGT TAGCCGTAAGGCAAATGTGAAGGTGCTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGCCGTGAGGTGTCGGCTTAA GTGCCATAACGAGCGCAACCCTTATCTTCAGTTACTAACAGGTCATGCTGAGGACTCTGGAGAGACTG CCGTCGTAAGATGTGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCAGCACGGCCCTTACGTCCGGGGCTACA CACGTGTTACAATGGGGGGTACAGAAGGCAGCTACCTGGTGACAGGATGCTAATCCCAAAAACCTCTC TCAGTTCGGATCGAAGTCTGCAACCCGACTTCGTGAAGCTGGATTCGCTAGTAATCGCGCATCAGCCA TGGCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAAGCCATGAAAGCCGGGGGTACCT GAAGTACGTAACCGCGAGGAGCGTCCTAGGGTAAAACTGGTAATTGGGGCTAAGTCGTAACAAGGTA GCCGTACCGGAAGGTGCGGCTGGAACACCTCCTTT (SEQ ID NO:4) Phocaeicola vulgatus DSM 3403016S ATGAAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGATGAACGCTAGCTACAGGCTTAACACATGCAAGTCGAGGGGCA GCATGGTCTTAGCTTGCTAAGGCCGATGGCGACCGGCGCACGGGTGAGTAACACGTATCCAACCTGCC GTCTACTCTTGGACAGCCTTCTGAAAGGAAGATTAATACAAGATGGCATCATGAGTTCACATGTTCAC ATGATTAAAGGTATTCCGGTAGACGATGGGGATGCGTTCCATTAGATAGTAGGCGGGGTAACGGCCCA CCTAGTCTTCGATGGATAGGGGTTCTGAGAGGAAGGTCCCCCACATTGGAACTGAGACACGGTCCAAA Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT CTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGAGGAATATTGGTCAATGGGCGCAGGCCTGAACCAGCCAAGTAGCGT GAAGGATGACTGCCCTATGGGTTGTAAACTTCTTTTATAAAGGAATAAAGTCGGGTATGTATACCCGT TTGCATGTACTTTATGAATAAGGATCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGATCCG AGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGTTTAAAGGGAGCGTAGATGGATGTTTAAGTCAGTTGTGAAAGTTTG CGGCTCAACCGTAAAATTGCAGTTGATACTGGATATCTTGAGTGCAGTTGAGGCAGGCGGAATTCGTG GTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCTTAGATATCACGAAGAACTCCGATTGCGAAGGCAGCCTGCTAAGCTGCAAC TGACATTGAGGCTCGAAAGTGTGGGTATCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACACGGTAAACG ATGAATACTCGCTGTTTGCGATATACAGCAAGCGGCCAAGCGAAAGCGTTAAGTATTCCACCTGGGGA GTACGCCGGCAACGGTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGAGGAACATGTGGTT TAATTCGATGATACGCGAGGAACCTTACCCGGGCTTAAATTGCAGATGAATTACGGTGAAAGCCGTAA GCCGCAAGGCATCTGTGAAGGTGCTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGCCGTGAGGTGTCGGCTTAAGT GCCATAACGAGCGCAACCCTTGTTGTCAGTTACTAACAGGTTCCGCTGAGGACTCTGACAAGACTGCC ATCGTAAGATGTGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCAGCACGGCCCTTACGTCCGGGGCTACACA CGTGTTACAATGGGGGGTACAGAGGGCCGCTACCACGCGAGTGGATGCCAATCCCAAAAACCTCTCTC AGTTCGGACTGGAGTCTGCAACCCGACTCCACGAAGCTGGATTCGCTAGTAATCGCGCATCAGCCACG GCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAAGCCATGGGAGCCGGGGGTACCTGA AGTGCGTAACCGCGAGGAGCGCCCTAGGGTAAAACTGGTGACTGGGGCTAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAGC CGTACCGGAAGGTGCGGCTGGAACACCTCCTTT (SEQ ID NO:5) Oscillibacter sp. -DSM 3401116S TATAGAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGACGAACGCTGGCGGCGTGCTTAACACATGCAAGTCGAACGGA GCACCCTTGATTGAGGTTTCGGCCAAATGATAGGAATGCTTAGTGGCGGACTGGTGAGTAACGCGTGA GGAACCTGCCTTTCAGAGGGGGACAACAGTTGGAAACGACTGCTAATACCGCATGACGCATTTTGATC GCATGGTCGAAATGCCAAAGATTTATCGCTGAAAGATGGCCTCGCGTCTGATTAGATAGTTGGCGGGG TAACGGCCCACCAAGTCGACGATCAGTAGCCGGACTGAGAGGTTGACCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGA TACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGGAATATTGGGCAATGGGCGCAAGCCTGACCCAG CAACGCCGCGTGAAGGAAGAAGGCTTTCGGGTTGTAAACTTCTTTTAAGTGGGAAGAGTAGAAGACG GTACCACTTGAATAAGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGTT GTCCGGATTTACTGGGTGTAAAGGGCGTGCAGCCGGGCATGCAAGTCAGATGTGAAATCTCAGGGCTT AACCCTGAAACTGCATTTGAAACTGTATGTCTTGAGTGCCGGAGAGGTAATCGGAATTCCTTGTGTAG CGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATAAGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGATTACTGGACGGTAACTGACG GTGAGGCGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCGAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCTGTAAACGATGG ATACTAGGTGTGCGGGGACTGACCCCCTGCGTGCCGCAGTTAACACAATAAGTATCCCACCTGGGGAG TACGATCGCAAGGTTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGATTATGTGGTTTA ATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGTCTTGACATCCTGCTAACGAAGTAGAGATACATTAGGT GCCCTTCGGGGAAAGCAGAGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTT AAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCCTATTGTTAGTTGCTACGCAAGAGCACTCTAGCGAGACTGCCGTT GACAAAACGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGACCTGGGCTACACACGT AATACAATGGCGGTCAACAAAGGGATGCAAAGCCGCGAGGCAGAGCGAACCCCAAAAAGCCGTCCCA GTTCGGATCGCAGGCTGCAACCCGCCTGCGTGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGTGGGTCAGCATACC ACGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGAGAGTCGGGAACACCCGAAG TCCGTAGCCTAACCGCAAGGAGGGCGCGGCCGAAGGTGGGTTCGATAATTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAACA AGGTAGCCGTTCGAGAACGAGCGGCTGGATCACCTCCTTT (SEQ ID NO:6)

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT Intestinimonas massiliensis DSM 3346016S TATTGAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGATGAACGCTGGCGGCGTGCTTAACACATGCAAGTCGAACGGA ACGCCAAGGAAAGAGTTTTCGGACAATGGAATTGGCTGTTTAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAACGCGTG AGTAACCTGCCTTGGAGTGGGGAATAACACAGTGAAAACTGTGCTAATACCGCATGACATATTGGTGT CGCATGGCGCTGATATCAAAGATTTATCGCTCTGAGATGGACTCGCGTCTGATTAGATAGTTGGCGGG GTAACGGCCCACCAAGTCGACGATCAGTAGCCGGACTGAGAGGTTGGCCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAG ACACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGGAATATTGGGCAATGGGCGCAAGCCTGACCCA GCAACGCCGCGTGAAGGAAGAAGGCTTTCGGGTTGTAAACTTCTTTTAACAGGGACGAAGTAAGTGAC GGTACCTGTTGAATAAGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGT TATCCGGATTTACTGGGTGTAAAGGGCGTGTAGGCGGGACTGCAAGTCAGATGTGAAAACTATGGGCT CAACCCATAGCCTGCATTTGAAACTGTAGTTCTTGAGTGTCGGAGAGGCAATCGGAATTCCGTGTGTA GCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATACGGAGGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGATTGCTGGACGATAACTGAC GCTGAGGCGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGATG GATACTAGGTGTGGGGGGTCTGACCCCCTCCGTGCCGCAGCTAACGCAATAAGTATCCCACCTGGGGA GTACGATCGCAAGGTTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGTATGTGGTT TAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCAGGGCTTGACATCCTACTAACGAACCAGAGATGGATTAG GTGCCCTTCGGGGAAAGTAGAGACAGGTGGTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGG TTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTATTGTTAGTTGCTACGCAAGAGCACTCTAGCGAGACTGCCG TTGACAAAACGGAGGAAGGTGGGGACGACGTCAAATCATCATGCCCCTTATGTCCTGGGCCACACACG TACTACAATGGCGGTTAACAGAGGGAGGCAAAGCCGCGAGGCAGAGCAAACCCCTAAAAGCCGTCCC AGTTCGGATTGCAGGCTGAAACCCGCCTGTATGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTAATCGCGGATCAGCATGC CGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACACCATGAGAGTCGGGAACACCCGAA GTCCGTAGCCTAACTGCAAAGGGGGCGCGGCCGAAGGTGGGTTCGATAATTGGGGTGAAGTCGTAAC AAGGTAGCCGTATCGGAAGGTGCGGCTGGATCACCTCCTTT (SEQ ID NO:7) Alistipes inops DSM 3403116S ATGGAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGATGAACGCTAGCGGCAGGCCTAACACATGCAAGTCGAGGGGC AGCACGTTAAAGAGTTTACTCTTTATGGTGGCGACCGGCGGACGGGTGCGTAACGCGTATGCAACCTG CCTGACACAGGGGGATAATCCGAAGAAATTTGGTCTAATACCCCATAATACCGATATAGGCATCTATG TTGGTTGAAAGCTTTGGTGGTGTCAGATGGGCATGCGTTGTATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAACGGCTC ACCAAGGCGACGATACATAGGGGGACTGAGAGGTTAACCCCCCACACTGGTACTGAGACACGGACCA GACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGAGGAATATTGGTCAATGGGCGGAAGCCTGAACCAGCCATGCCGC GTGCAGGAAGACGGCTCTATGAGTTGTAAACTGCTTTTGTACTAGGGTAATTTGCGGTACGTGTACCGT ATTGAAAGTATAGTACGAATAAGGATCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGATC CAAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGTTTAAAGGGTGCGTAGGCGGCAGATTAAGTTAGAGGTGAAATTC CGAGGCTCAACCTTGGCACTGCCTCTGATACTGGTTTGCTAGCGAGTAGATGCTGTAGGCGGAATGTG TGGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCATAGAGATCACACAGAACACCGATTGCGAAGGCAGCTTACAAATCTAT ATCGGACGCTGAGGCACGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCAGTA AACGATGATAACTCGTTGTCGGCGATATACAGTCGGTGACCAAGCGAAAGCGATAAGTTATCCACCTG GGGAGTACGTTCGCAAGAATGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGAGGAACATGT GGTTTAATTCGATGATACGCGAGGAACCTTACCCGGGCTTGAAAGTTAGTGACGGATGCCGAAAGGTG TCTTCCCTTCGGGGCACGAAACTAGGTGCTGCATGGTTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGCCGTGAGGTGTCGGGTT AAGTCCCATAACGAGCGCAACCCCTATCGTTAGTTACCAGCACGTGAAGGTGGGGACTCTAACGAGAC TGCCGGTGTAAGCCGAGAGGAGGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAATCAGCACGGCCCTTACGTCCGGGGCGA CACACGTGTTACAATGGTCGGTACAGAGGGCAGCTACCTGGTGACAGGATGCGAATCTCGAAAGCCG GTCTCAGTTCGGATTGGAGGCTGAAACTCGCCTCCATGAAGTTGGATTCGCTAGTAATCGCGCATCAG CCATGGCGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAAGCCATGGGAGTCGGGGGTG CCTGAAGTACGTTACCGCGAGGAGCGTCCTAGGGCAAAACTGATGACTGGGGCTAAGTCGTAACAAG GTAGCCGTACCGGAAGGTGCGGCTGGAACACCTCCTTT (SEQ ID NO:8)

Claims

Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT CLAIMS We claim: 1. A method of treating and/or preventing of one or more immune system related disorders in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure bacterial species. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substantially pure bacterial species is selected from an Akkermansia species, and Alistipes species, a Bacteroides species, a Barnesiella species, an Intestinimonas species, an Oscillibacter species and a Phocaeicola species. 3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises Akkermansia massiliensis. 4. The method of claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Akkermansia species deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459. 5. The method of any one of claims 2-4, wherein the Alistipes species comprises Alistipes inops and/or Alistipes onderdonkii and optionally comprises the Alistipes inops strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes inops strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031; and/or the Alistipes onderdonkii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes onderdonkii deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033. 6. The method of any one of claims 2-5, wherein the Bacteroides species comprises Bacteroides finegoldii. and optionally comprises the Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 7. The method of any one of claims 2-6, wherein the Barnesiella species comprises Barnesiella intestinihominis and optionally comprises the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012; and/or the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032. 8. The method of any one of claims 2-7, wherein the Intestinimonas species comprises Intestinimonas massiliensis and optionally comprises the Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460. 9. The method of any one of claims 2-8, wherein the Oscillibacter species comprises a genome- wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with the Oscillibacter species deposited under DSM 34011. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the Oscillibacter strain comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Oscillibacter species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011. 11. The method of any one of claims 2-10, wherein the Phocaeicola species comprises Phocaeicola vulgatus and optionally comprises the Phocaeicola vulgatus strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Phocaeicola species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030. 12. The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises stimulation of the immune response in the subject. 13. The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises downregulation of the immune response in the subject. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 14. The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the one or more immune system related disorders are selected from viral infections, bacterial infections, yeast infections, parasitic infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, oncologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and disorders related to aging. 15. The method of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the one or more immune system related disorders is not a metabolic disorder. 16. The method of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the one or more immune system related disorders comprise acute inflammatory disorders or chronic inflammatory disorders. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the acute inflammatory disorders or chronic inflammatory disorders are selected from irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, non-atopic eczema, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, cancer treatment associated mucositis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, Addison's disease, alopecia, ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, Behcet's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, fibromyalgia, Goodpasture syndrome, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus, Meniere's disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, vasculitis, or vitiligo. 18. The method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the treating and/or preventing comprises regulation of the production of one or more immune system function mediators. 19. A method of regulating the production of one or more immune system function mediators in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more substantially pure bacterial species. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the one or more substantially pure bacterial species is selected from an Akkermansia species, and Alistipes species, a Bacteroides species, a Barnesiella species, an Intestinimonas species, an Oscillibacter species and a Phocaeicola species. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 21. The method of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises Akkermansia massiliensis. 22. The method of claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the Akkermansia species comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Akkermansia species deposited at DSM under number DSM 33459. 23. The method of any one of claims 20-22, wherein the Alistipes species comprises Alistipes inops and/or Alistipes onderdonkii and optionally comprises the Alistipes inops strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes inops strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34031; and/or the Alistipes onderdonkii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Alistipes onderdonkii deposited at DSM under number DSM 34033. 24. The method of any one of claims 20-23, wherein the Bacteroides species comprises Bacteroides finegoldii. and optionally comprisesthe Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Bacteroides finegoldii strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34013. 25. The method of any one of claims 20-24, wherein the Barnesiella species comprises Barnesiella intestinihominis and optionally comprises the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34012; and/or the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Barnesiella intestinihominis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34032. 26. The method of any one of claims 20-25, wherein the Intestinimonas species comprises Intestinimonas massiliensis and optionally comprises the Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Intestinimonas massiliensis strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 33460. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 27. The method of any one of claims 20-26, wherein the Oscillibacter species comprises a genome-wide average nucleotide identity (gANI) of at least about 95% with the Oscillibacter species deposited under DSM 34011. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the Oscillibacter strain comprises the strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Oscillibacter species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34011. 29. The method of any one of claims 20-28, wherein the Phocaeicola species comprises Phocaeicola vulgatus and optionally comprises the Phocaeicola vulgatus strain deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030 or a live strain having all of the identifying characteristics of the Phocaeicola species deposited at DSM under number DSM 34030. 30. The method of any one of claims 18-29, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators are produced by dendritic cells, macrophages or a combination of both. 31. The method of any one of claims 18-30, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators comprise IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, TGF-β, IP-10, MCP-1 and/or any combination thereof. 32. The method of any one of claims 18-31, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators are increased or decreased by 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% in comparison to the level of immune system function mediators in the subject before administration of the composition. 33. The method of any one of claims 18-32, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators induce an immunoboosting or immunostimulatory effect. 34. The method of any one of claims 18-33, wherein the one or more immune system function mediators induce an anti-inflammatory effect. 35. The method of any one of claims 1-34, wherein the composition has been pasteurized or heat treated. Attorney Docket No. NB42223-WO-PCT 36. The method of any one of claims 1-35, wherein the composition is lyophilized, freeze dried or spray dried. 37. The method of any one of claims 1-36, wherein the composition is encapsulated or coated. 38. The method of any one of claims 1-37, wherein the composition is a pharmaceutical composition and further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient. 39. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the composition is formulated as a tablet, lozenge, prolonged-release capsule, prolonged-release granule, powder, sachet, nasal spray, ointment, serum, lotion or gummy. 40. The method of any one of claims 1-39, wherein the composition is formulated as a food product, food ingredient, dietary supplement, or medicament. 41. The method of any one of claims 1-40, wherein the composition comprises a probiotic, a prebiotic, postbiotic, human milk oligosaccharides, xylitol, betaine, and/or a botanical. 42. The method of any one of claims 1-41, wherein the composition comprises at least about 1 x 10⁴ CFU/g to at least about 1 x 10¹⁴ CFU/g of the substantially pure bacterial species.