[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2024233820A1 - Système et procédé de transformation d'eau d'irrigation en eau enrichie, structurée et hydrogénée - Google Patents

Système et procédé de transformation d'eau d'irrigation en eau enrichie, structurée et hydrogénée Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024233820A1
WO2024233820A1 PCT/US2024/028649 US2024028649W WO2024233820A1 WO 2024233820 A1 WO2024233820 A1 WO 2024233820A1 US 2024028649 W US2024028649 W US 2024028649W WO 2024233820 A1 WO2024233820 A1 WO 2024233820A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
module
structured
implosion
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2024/028649
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tatiana Svetlana LEON CAMACHO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Best Planet Science LLC
Original Assignee
Best Planet Science LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Best Planet Science LLC filed Critical Best Planet Science LLC
Publication of WO2024233820A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024233820A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/03—Pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/42—Liquid level
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/44—Time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/024—Turbulent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/06—Pressure conditions
    • C02F2301/066—Overpressure, high pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/24—Separation of coarse particles, e.g. by using sieves or screens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to systems for producing structured water for plant nutrition that includes and maintains a high concentration of dissolved gas, such as hydrogen, oxygen or CO2, over time, wherein the system include various modular units, including a water structuring module that produces the structured water, a bioelements module, a nutrient-enhancing module, and a water dispensing system module.
  • Conventional irrigation such as surface irrigation, also called flood irrigation, is widely considered to be inefficient.
  • the water quality also can vary by location, with some locations containing high amounts of dissolved calcium, magnesium, and iron, which can have a negative impact on plant growth and wellbeing by causing a buildup of salt in the soil. This can prevent plants from absorbing nutrients and water properly. Symptoms of plant poor health can include stunted or slow growth, leaf yellowing, or wilting.
  • Urea overuse also has damaged ecosystems due to runoff and soil erosion, causing nitrogen and other excess fertilizer components to enter water systems, which can result in algae blooms causing the deletion of oxygen is surface water, nitrate in drinking water, and the emission of odors and gases into the air. Because nitrates freely leach down through the soil, nitrogen that is not used for plant growth easily can reach the groundwater.
  • the system can include a water preparation system, a fertilization system, a nutrient transfer system, and a control system.
  • the systems can detect, allocate, and supply water and fertilizer according to the water and fertilizer demand of different crops, the soil environment, and the nutrient content conditions, and realizes the accurate control of the irrigation amount and the fertilization amount.
  • the system also can be configured accurately control the irrigation time for supplying water and nutrients to the plants.
  • a water irrigation system comprising: a water supply module; a filtration module connected to and in fluid communication with the water supply module; a bio-elements module connected to and in fluid communication with the filtration module; a water structuring module connected to and in fluid communication with the bioelements module; a nutrient enhancing module connected to and in fluid communication with the water structuring module; and a water dispensing system module connected to and in fluid communication with the nutrient enhancing module to dispense water for irrigation.
  • the filtration module can include a silica filter, a polypropylene filter, an activated carbon filter, a reverse osmosis membrane, or any combination thereof.
  • the filtration module can include a UV light.
  • the bio-elements module can include one or more than one dispenser to dispense a material into the filtered water obtained from the filtration module.
  • the bio-elements module can include a first dispenser for dispensing one or more plant macro nutrients, a second dispenser for dispensing one or more plant micronutrients, and a third dispenser for dispensing one or more beneficial nutrients.
  • the water structuring module can include a structured water generator coupled to the bioelements module to receive an enriched water from the bio-elements module and configured to output structured water, the structured water generator comprising a vortex generator configured to rotate at a speed.
  • the structured water generator exposes the enriched water to a cavitation and implosion process resulting in a localized pressure of about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa, and a localized temperature of at least 5000 K to produce structured water comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules and including a central hollow lumen, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, and when viewed from a top, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape.
  • Any structured water generator capable of causing cavitation and implosion to produce structured water can be used.
  • the water structuring module can include a hydrogen gas source, an oxygen gas source, a carbon dioxide gas source, or any combination thereof.
  • the water structuring module includes an implosion tank in which the structured water is produced.
  • the implosion tank can include a U-shaped or conical shaped vessel.
  • the vessel can include one or more sensors selected from among a level sensor, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an electrical conductivity sensor, and a combination thereof.
  • the nutrient enhancing module comprises: (a) a bioreactor that produces a biofertilizer, (b) an NPK tank system for dispensing a solution containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, or (c) a combination of a) and b).
  • the bioreactor includes a reactor vessel, an inlet, an outlet, a rotating shaft with an attached blade powered by a mixing motor that rotates the rotating shaft to mix a medium in the reactor vessel.
  • the attached blade can be selected to produce a radial flow, an axial flow, or a mixed flow.
  • the attached blade can be a paddle blade, a propeller blade, an elephant ear blade, or the shaft can include a plurality of blades, each of which independently is selected from among a paddle blade, a propeller blade, an elephant ear blade.
  • the water dispensing system module dispenses the water for irrigation from delivery by a drip irrigation system, a hydroponic delivery system, an aeroponic delivery system, or any combination thereof.
  • the implosion tank can include a top cover attached to a storage tank, the storage tank configured to include a channel that forms donut- shaped or toroidal chamber within the storage tank when the top cover is a attached to the storage tank; an impeller that includes an end blade, rotatably positioned within the storage tank with the end blade positioned within the channel; a shaft attached via a first end to the impeller; and a motor attached to the shaft via a second end of the shaft.
  • a method of preparing a structured water irrigation water comprising: exposing a water to a cavitation and implosion process resulting in a localized pressure of about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa, and a localized temperature of at least 5000 K to produce structured water comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules having a central hollow lumen, wherein when viewed from a top, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape; and adding a gas to the structured water, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, wherein a density of the structured water is about 1.5 to about 5 times a density of standard water, wherein the gas is selected from among hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, and wherein at least a portion of the gas is located inside the hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.
  • the water can be a filtered water that has gone through a silica filter, a polypropylene filter, an activated carbon filter, a reverse osmosis membrane, or any combination thereof.
  • the water can be treated with UV light.
  • the water can include a plant macronutrient selected from among N, P, S, K, Mg, Ca, and combinations thereof.
  • the water can include a plant micronutrient selected from among Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Cl, Ni, and combinations thereof.
  • the water can include a plant beneficial element selected from among Na, Si, Co, I, V, and combinations thereof.
  • a biofertilizer can be added to the structured water.
  • the biofertilizer can be produced in a bioreactor by a microorganism selected from a bacteria, algae, cyanobacteria, Archaebacteria, fungi, and any combination thereof.
  • the microorganism can be a) a bacteria selected from among Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Phosphobacteria, and Rhizobium species; or b) a fungus selected from among Trichoderma, Glomus, Pisolithus, P-solubilizing fungi, and K-solubilizing fungi; or c) a blue green algae (Cyanophyta) selected from among Anabaena azollae, Nostoc, and Spirulina species; or d) a green algae (Chlorophyta) selected from among Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus; or e) an Actinomycetes species; or f) a diazotroph selected from among Azospirillum, Azorhizobium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Burkholderia, Citrobacter, Cupriavidus, Enterobacter, Frankia, Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum, Kle
  • Also provided is a method of delivering nutrients to a plant comprising irrigating a plant with the system described herein, which produces a structurized, fertilized, and mineralized water containing hydrogen, oxygen, or carbon dioxide for deliver to a plant by drip irrigation, a hydroponic delivery system, an aeroponic delivery system, or any combination thereof. Also provided is a method of delivering nutrients to a plant, comprising irrigating a plant with a structurized, fertilized, and mineralized water containing hydrogen, oxygen, or carbon dioxide produced by the methods described herein.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the irrigation system provided herein.
  • FIG. 2 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the water supply module of the irrigation system provided herein.
  • FIG. 3 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the filtration module of the irrigation system provided herein.
  • FIG. 4 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the filtration module of the irrigation system provided herein.
  • FIG. 5 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a plurality of dispensers that can be in fluid communication with a mixing tank of the bio-elements module.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the structured water used in this invention, showing a two-dimensional ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement of the water molecules after the structuration process.
  • FIG. 7 is an illustration of the hexagonal arrangement of water molecules showing two contiguous planes of hexagonal formations of hydrogen and oxygen molecules where the plane of the water molecule is parallel to the surface.
  • FIG. 8A is an illustration of a single three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules of the structured water produced by the water structing module of the irrigation system provided here
  • FIG. 8B is a top view of the helical structure of FIG. 7A.
  • FIG. 9 is a visual representation of the arrangement of various cations within the hollow lumen of the structured water produced by the water structing module of the irrigation system provided here.
  • FIGS. 10A to 10C are illustrations representing the three phases during the structuration process of producing structured water that can be used in this invention.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are representative illustrations to explain the processes of cavitation and implosion.
  • FIGS. 13-20 are illustrative water structuring systems that can be used to produce structured water that can be used in the compositions of this invention.
  • FIG. 21A is an illustration of an exemplary water structuring system
  • FIG. 21B is an exploded view of the water structuring system of FIG. 21 A
  • FIGS. 21C to 21E are illustrations of various components of the water structuring system of FIG. 21 A.
  • FIGS. 2 IF and 21 G are representative illustrations of a vortex generated inside the water structuring system of FIG. 21 A.
  • FIGS. 22A and 2B are illustrations of a large-scale water structuring system that can be used to produce structured water that can be used in the compositions of this invention.
  • FIGS. 23A-23C are illustrations of a compact water structuring system that can be used to produce structured water that can be used in the compositions of this invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a cutaway view of section 2000A of the water structuring system of FIG. 21A.
  • FIG. 25 is an illustration of a portion of a cross-sectional view of the implosion tank of the structured water generator 960 illustrated in FIG. 23 A.
  • FIG. 26A is side view of the implosion tank 1000
  • FIG. 26B is skewed side view of the implosion tank 1000.
  • FIG. 27 is top view of the implosion tank 1000.
  • FIG. 28 is an exploded view of the implosion tank 1000.
  • FIG. 29 is cross-sectional view of the implosion tank 1000.
  • FIG. 30 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a water structuring module of the irrigation system provided herein.
  • FIG. 31 is a flowchart of a method for forming structured water that can be used in the compositions of this invention.
  • FIG. 32 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a bioreactor system of the nutrient enhancement module of the irrigation system provided herein.
  • FIG. 33 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a bioreactor of the nutrient enhancement module of the irrigation system provided herein.
  • FIG. 34 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) tank system of the nutrient enhancement module of the irrigation system provided herein.
  • NPK nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
  • FIG. 35 shows an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a water dispensing system module.
  • FIG. 36 shows an illustration of a helical and conical irrigation system 1301, where the illustrated system starts at the stem of the plant and ends at the roots, covering all of them.
  • the irrigation system transfers the fluid through the soil 1302, by means of a drip system, this fluid is transported and dispensed through the soil where it is finally absorbed by the plant through the roots.
  • FIG. 37 is a top view of the plant and helix of FIG. 36.
  • Line E-E in FIG. 37 represents the location of the cross-sectional of the view shown in FIG. 36.
  • FIGS. 38A and 38B show two representative helical systems in accordance with the exemplary embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 38A shows a helical system with only one turn.
  • FIG. 38B shows a helical system with 10 turns.
  • FIG. 39 shows an illustration of a configuration where the plants to be irrigated are in planters (i.e., large pots).
  • FIG. 40 shows an illustration of a short segment of the helical system structure that surrounds the roots of a plant, such as the helical system illustrated in FIG. 36.
  • FIG. 41 shows a top view of the short segment of FIG. 40.
  • FIG. 42 shows a cross-section of the short segment taken along line F-F of FIG.
  • FIG. 43 illustrates the bio-structured water 2201 with the minerals therein flowing through the short segment of FIG. 40.
  • FIG. 44 illustrates a top view of the short segment of the helical system structure with a representation of a root adjacent to the short segment.
  • FIG. 45 is a cross-section of the short segment of FIG. 44 taken along line E-E illustrating the bio-structured water with minerals 2201 flowing through the short segment, through the openings in the drip chamber and into the soil where the root 2205 can absorb the bio- structured water.
  • FIG. 46 shows an illustration of an exemplary micro-irrigation delivery structure for the type (b) aeroponic system described herein.
  • FIGS. 47 and 48 illustrate two views of an exemplary micro-irrigation delivery structure for a hydroponic system.
  • all ranges include the upper and lower limits.
  • the recitation of a numerical range for a variable is intended to convey that the variable can be equal to any value(s) within that range, as well as any and all sub-ranges encompassed by the broader range.
  • the variable can be equal to any integer value or values within the numerical range, including the end-points of the range.
  • a variable which is described as having values between 0 and 10 can be 0, 3, 4-8, 2.15, 6.8 - 9.1, etc.
  • an optional component in a system means that the component may be present or may not be present in the system.
  • compositions described herein are intended to encompass compositions which consist of, consist essentially of, as well as comprise, the various constituents identified herein, unless explicitly indicated to the contrary.
  • exemplary means “serving as an example or illustration,” and should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other configurations disclosed herein.
  • structured water refers to a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules having a hollow lumen, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges. When viewed from the top, the arrangements of the water molecules of the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape.
  • structured water and “H3O2 molecule” are used interchangeably through this application. As described earlier, the structure and growth of planar structures of water at different interfaces have been studied earlier.
  • the structured water of this invention is different from generally-known or described “structured water,” because the “structured water” known until the discovery of this invention refers to an intrinsic process of water.
  • the structured water of this invention is created by the application of high energy processes (“structuration”) as described herein and in the co-pending application.
  • Structuration is a process in which, by means of implosion and cavitation energy, together with some organic and inorganic salts, at a temperature below atmospheric temperature, water is subjected to drastic changes of pressure and temperature in microstates so that this energy is able to enhance molecular interactions and change the properties of the water.
  • the electrical and thermal conductivity of water can be changed to promote the formation of structured water of this invention.
  • structured water of this invention changes the properties of the water and the bioavailability of its constituent elements.
  • structured water refers to the structured water of this invention having the inventive aspects of the present disclosure.
  • fertilizer refers to any chemical or natural substance that can increase the fertility of the growth medium (soil or water).
  • fertilizer materials include a source of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, or any combination thereof.
  • the fertilizer can include any substance recognized as a plant nutrient, or recognized or claimed to have value, in promoting plant growth or health.
  • a “biofertilizer” is a fertilizer produced by a microorganism, such as a bacteria, algae, cyanobacteria, Archaebacteria, fungi, or any combination thereof.
  • a biofertilizer is produced in a bioreactor under conditions favorable to the growth of the microorganism that promotes the production of the targeted materials of the biofertilizer, such as biomass, nitrogen-containing material, bio-available minerals, and other nutrients and substances beneficial for plant growth or health.
  • weight percent refers to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100.
  • structured water irrigation water refers to an irrigation water that contains structured water.
  • a water irrigation system comprising: a water supply module; a filtration module connected to and in fluid communication with the water supply module; a bio-elements module connected to and in fluid communication with the filtration module; a water structuring module connected to and in fluid communication with the bioelements module; a nutrient enhancing module connected to and in fluid communication with the water structuring module; and a water dispensing system module connected to and in fluid communication with the nutrient enhancing module.
  • the filtration module filters the supplied water, the bio-elements module provides minerals and optionally other nutrients to the water.
  • the water structuring module uses an implosion process for forming structured water, where the minerals and optionally a gas, such as hydrogen, oxygen, or carbon dioxide, can be included in the structured water.
  • the structured water includes a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules and includes a central hollow lumen, where the polygonal water molecules include two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, and when viewed from a top, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape.
  • the minerals and/or gas can be included in the central hollow lumen of the structured water.
  • the nutrient enhancing module produces a biofertilizer, which optionally can be augments with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from an NPK tank.
  • the resulting bio-structured water can be provided to a plant by irrigation, such as drip irrigation, or by aeroponic and/or hydroponic injectors or any combination thereof.
  • irrigation such as drip irrigation, or by aeroponic and/or hydroponic injectors or any combination thereof.
  • the system provided herein offers a high level of control over water applications in terms of both water quality and quantity.
  • the systems provided herein provide for the efficient use of water, the ability to add nutrients accurately, and the ability to inject molecular hydrogen or other gases into the water.
  • a bioreactor and a NPK tank are installed after the implosion tank.
  • the products of each tank separately can be injected into the main line of the irrigation system by using venturi systems, controlled by solenoid valves.
  • a non-retum valve can be included at the outlet of this setup in order to prevent contamination.
  • a pump can be included to regulate pressure if necessary.
  • a flow meter and an air relief valve can be included. These elements can be placed in the main supply line of the irrigation system.
  • a pressure regulating valve can help to decrease the pressure at which the solution reaches the crop units (secondary lines), and the final section that carries the liquid to the plants can be preceded by a new regulating valve (tertiary lines), if necessary.
  • the tubing When the base of the plant is reached, the tubing can be connected to a spiral system that carries the nutrients to the roots. At that point, drippers can be installed in the holes of the spiral to cause a final loss of pressure to wet the soil surrounding the root by droplets.
  • the irrigation system also can deliver the treated water for use in aeroponic and/or hydroponic injectors.
  • the required hardware can be installed instead of, or in parallel with the spiral dripping system. In those cases, a water collector can be installed, and any surplus treated water can be taken back to the bioreactor by using a pump.
  • the liquid level can be detected or measured by using a level sensor.
  • the system includes a filtration module that can remove contaminants from the incoming intake water.
  • the bio-elements module includes a recirculation system to avoid the accumulation of undissolved material at the bottom of the storage.
  • the enriched water from the bio-elements tank is injected through a venturi system to the water structuring module.
  • the water structuring module mixes, homogenizes, cavitates and implodes the water to give unique properties to the water, to which gases such as hydrogen, oxygen , or CO2 can be added.
  • This structured water then is combined with nutrients from the nutrient enhancement module, which includes a bioreactor and an NPK tank system. The system allows selecting one of the two or both nutrition systems.
  • the resulting irrigation water is rich in nutrients, minerals and restorative gases for the plants, and this fluid can be delivered to the plants by irrigation technologies, such as drip irrigation, or by a hydroponic or an aeroponic irrigation system.
  • An aeroponic system can include a piping system, a misting nozzle, a misting tube and an air supply hose.
  • the misting nozzle is a device located at the tip of the misting tube, and is responsible for spraying the produced bio-structured water from the system provided herein into small particles.
  • the air supply hose can be used to supply fresh air to the misting system and keep the air flow circulating around the plant roots.
  • the systems provided herein include a water supply module 100, as shown in FIG. 1 and in enlarged view in FIG. 2.
  • the water supply module includes a receiver for collecting or being connected to a water source.
  • the water supply module 100 can include a pump 130 for increasing the pressure of the water from the water source 115, and can include a solenoid valve 120 that can divert or stop the flow of water from the water source 115 to the exit 140.
  • the exit 140 of the water supply module can be connected to the filtration module 201, directly or via a non-retum valve 125.
  • Water is different from location to location, region to region. In some locations, the water that is available may contain pollutants or other substances that are not suitable for use in irrigation or cultivation systems. That is, the water quality may be of such a low quality, water filtration is crucial.
  • Gravel filters, mesh filters, and the like are capable of removing elements such as silt, clay and sand that may be mixed in with the water. However, additional filtration may be necessary to achieve a desired water quality. According to the exemplary embodiments described herein, water filtration is employed to provide a water quality that it is drinkable, i.e., suitable for consumption by humans. Although, it will be understood that in other exemplary embodiments, water filtration may not be required to provide water of this quality, or any water filtration. All such embodiments are considered within the scope of this disclosure.
  • the specific configuration of the filtration module contemplated herein depends on these factors. For example, if the water is being taken from a local river, there is likely to be a significant concentration of solids, heavy particles and/or minerals. The filtration module must be configured for this specific water source in order to guarantee the irrigation system starts out with the appropriate water quality. Improving the quality of the water that is ultimately delivered to the irrigated crops will, in turn, improve the quality of the crops themselves.
  • a simplified water filtration module 201 is shown as receiving water from a water source 100.
  • the water may flow from the water supply module 100 to the filtration module 201 through a valve, such as solenoid valve 120, through a non-return valve (NRV) and into the filtration module 201.
  • a valve such as solenoid valve 120
  • NDV non-return valve
  • the water may be pumped from the water source via pump 130, and through the NRV and into the filtration module 201.
  • the NRV is used in this embodiment to prevent nutrients or possible contaminants from flowing back into the water source.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a filtration module 201 in greater detail.
  • the first sub-module is a polypropylene filter 205, which removes the largest particulate matter from the water.
  • the second submodule is an activated carbon filter 210, which removes large numbers of molecules by adsorption.
  • the third sub-module 215 illustrated in FIG. 3 is a reverse osmosis submodule, which reduces the number of uncontrolled elements, for example, to a maximum of 6 parts per million of uncontrolled elements.
  • the fourth sub-module 220 is an ultraviolet sub-module, which removes unwanted bacterial load. It will be understood that the particular sub-modules illustrated in FIG. 3 and described above are exemplary.
  • Th exemplary filtration module illustrated in FIG. 3 can include a sand or silica bed filter 230 in the case where the water may have a high concentration of particulates.
  • the sand or silica bed filter 230 can be used to remove the coarsest particles from the water and thereby send water in a better condition to the modules 205, 210, 215, and 220.
  • the exemplary filtration module illustrated in FIG. 3 also employs a number of valves 225.
  • the valves control the water flow into, around and through the filtration module.
  • the valves may be of any type suitable for irrigation systems. They may be manually operated valves or, more likely, valves that open, close or partially open and close based on wired or wireless control signals received from a processor based control system.
  • the specific configuration of the filtration module will depend on factors such as location and the particular water source that is being used to feed the irrigation system.
  • the exemplary embodiments described herein contemplates a customized filtration module.
  • filtration sub-modules other than those, or in addition to those, described above are possible.
  • Other types of filtration sub-module may include specific types of sediment filtration modules, or ion exchange filtration submodules, the latter being used to reduce the hardness level of the water by removing ions from metals such as magnesium and calcium.
  • the order of the filtration submodules will likely be important, as it is in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the system provided herein also includes a bio-elements module as shown in FIG. 1 and in expanded view in FIG. 4.
  • the bio-elements module 300 provides one or a combination of materials to support plant growth and nutrition, or to suppress or prevent the growth of certain plant species, such as species considered to be weeds.
  • the bio-elements module 300 includes a bio-elements tank 310 for receiving or containing minerals that support plant growth and nutrition.
  • the bio-elements tank 310 is connected to a pump 320 and a recirculation loop 330, which allows recirculation of the solution in the bio-elements tank to insure complete and homogeneous mixing.
  • the recirculation loop 330 allows for mixing of the material in and added to the bio-elements tank prior to the material exiting the bio-elements tank 310.
  • the bio-elements module 300 also includes a valve 340 that allows material in the bioelements tank 310 to be diverted to exit 350, which is connected to a venturi valve connected to the exit of the filtration module 201 and the water structuring module 400.
  • Venturi valves or venturi injectors are well known in the art, e.g., see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,380,393 (Nielsen, (1968)); 4,671,215 (Waechter, (1987)); and 6,192,911 (Barnes, (2001)). Venturi valves work on the principle of differential pressure and can efficiently mix a liquid into a stream of water. Because a stream of water enters the venturi valve at a pressure that is higher than the pressure at the exit of the valve, a vacuum is created at a port on an interior portion of the venturi valve. The vacuum draws a liquid through the port and into the stream of water flowing through the venturi valve, efficiently mixing the two liquids together.
  • the bio-elements module can include a plurality of dispensers (shown as a combination of a de-ionized water dispenser and dispensers 1 to 4) attached to a mixing tank 305.
  • Each dispenser can be connected to a source of one or a combination of elements typically assimilated by plants during their growth.
  • one dispenser can include or be connected to a source of a solution containing essential macro elements or macronutrients
  • a second dispenser can include or be connected to a source of a solution containing essential trace elements or micronutrients
  • a third dispenser can include or be connected to a source of a solution containing beneficial elements.
  • the bio-elements module can include a de-ionized water source that can be activated to flush the line connecting the dispensers to the conduit connected to the bioelements tank to make sure that the entire aliquot from the dispenser is deposited into the bio-elements tank.
  • Automated valves or actuators can be used to dispense the targeted amount of material from each dispenser, and can be used to adjust the amount or order of addition of the material dispenser from one or a plurality of the dispensers.
  • the main bioelements are nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, sulfur, manganese, sodium, silicon, selenium, and copper.
  • the plant’s demands for certain nutrients changes depending on where the plant is in its growth cycle (germination, vegetative, budding, flowering, or ripening), as well as conditions of the environment, such as temperature and soil conditions.
  • certain forms are more easily absorbed by the plant, as shown in the following Table 2. Accordingly these forms can be used in the solutions of the dispensers of the bio-elements module.
  • nitrogen promotes vegetative and root growth, and can promote fruit and seed production.
  • Potassium can modify fruit ripening, and has been implicated in improvements in fruit flavor and color.
  • Phosphorus helps regulate the growth of stems and blossoms.
  • Calcium plays a role in cell wall formation, effects the transport of carbohydrate, and plays a role in fruit ripening.
  • Boron promotes growth and can modulate flowering or fruiting.
  • Molybdenum plays a role in nitrogen transport in the plant and helps in phosphorus metabolism.
  • Manganese can regulate iron availability within the plant and plays a role in nitrate reduction. Zinc is important during vegetative growth, during which is plays a role in stem elongation and growth regulation.
  • the absorption and assimilation of these nutrients is carried out by the structures of the root system, which are in charge of absorption through a redox exchange system in which transport is facilitated by the exchange of hydronium ions to the substrate, allowing the entry of some cations and anions through the plasmalemma.
  • Those which are not able to be taken up by this structure are transported by active transport and diffusion. Because of this, the transport of nutrients is a complex system, but the uptake of these allows the reclassification of nutrients into macro and micro elements depending on their function within the plant life cycle where there are biologically active or easily absorbed forms. This is due to the fact that certain chemical structures are easily assimilated by the plant, whose concentration to be used depends on the species. Accordingly, the absorption of nutrients of mineral origin can be quantified by means of the cell potential, since this is a redox system.
  • the bio-elements module can include a feedback system that detects soil conditions, plant conditions, environmental conditions, and the like, and feeds the information back to a processor, which can send signals to the valves or actuators of the dispensers to alter (increase, decrease, or stop) the output of one or more of the dispensers.
  • the feedback system can include one or a combination of colorimetric sensors, an image capture and analyzer, pH meter, tensiometer (device that measures soil moisture tension), soil oxygen meter, and spectroradiometer designed for field use for measuring nitrogen in soil (such as the PSR+ high resolution field portable spectroradiometer from Spectral Evolution, Haverhill, MA).
  • Information from the feedback system can be used to change the amount of material dispensed from the one or more dispensers into the bio-elements tank and introduced into the system.
  • the typical elements that can be increased or decreased during the plant growth cycle include nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, sulfur, manganese, sodium, silicon, selenium, and copper. These can be provided in solution in the form of nitrates, sulfates, or phosphates, or in the form or organic salts, such as lactates or gluconates, as well as in the form of acids and oxides.
  • the form of the nutrient provided can be selected based on interactions with other salts (e.g., to prevent precipitation in the dispenser) or to promote uptake by the plants root or foliar system.
  • the different types of minerals, organic matter and microorganisms present in the soil substrate should be measured and entered into the feedback system as a starting baseline.
  • the ideal characteristics of an oil substrate for growing plants is that it should have a soft texture, be well aerated, and have a good capacity to retain water and nutrients.
  • a well-drained soil is important to avoid waterlogging and suffocation of plant roots. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as other essential micronutrients such as iron, zinc and calcium, as they can be supplied by the irrigation system provided herein.
  • hydroponic systems include NFT (nutrient film technique) systems, floating root systems, and NGS systems.
  • NFT nutrient film technique
  • a re-circulating film of nutrient solution is provided inside PVC pipes, which at their ends have caps with small connections at the end and at the beginning to circulate the water in the whole set of pipes that make up the system by means of a pump.
  • NGS NGS
  • a floating root system the roots float in a nutrient solution, but the plants are supported on a light foil, which is held on the surface of the liquid medium.
  • different layers of polyethylene are arranged in cascade form, resulting in a re-circulating nutrient solution, distributing water, nutrients and oxygen.
  • Aeroponic systems include low pressure and high pressure systems, or ultrasonic systems.
  • a low pressure system simple centrifugal hydraulic pump system sprays water through nebulizers.
  • a high pressure system a pressurized tank with high pressure is used, along with high quality foggers capable of providing as much fog as possible, resulting in moisture floating in the air that more effectively delivers nutrients to the roots.
  • an ultrasonic nebulizer changes the phase of the water to an aerosol and thereby disperses the nutrients to the plants.
  • the precise information to be entered into the control system should be determined by the type of aeroponic system.
  • the systems provided herein include a water structuring module that includes an implosion tank which is a structured water generator.
  • the structured water generator can be as described in U.S. Pat. App. Ser. No. 18/100,562, filed by BEST PLANET SCIENCE LLC on January 23, 2023, and in U.S. Pat. App. Ser. No. 18/100,563, filed by BEST PLANET SCIENCE LLC on January 23, 2023, the entire disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • structured water When water is structured, it increases the capacity to retain dissolved hydrogen and change its diamagnetic properties compared to traditional water.
  • the maximum retention capacity of traditional drinking water for dissolved hydrogen is about 2 ppm.
  • structured water can retain dissolved hydrogen in amounts of about 3 ppm to about 5 ppm. That is, structured water increases retention capacity of hydrogen by about 50% to about 150% compared with traditional drinking water.
  • the dissolved molecular hydrogen is retained in the structured water over time because the creation of exclusion zones within the structured water allows for hydrogen retention for longer periods of time.
  • the dissolved hydrogen may be retained in the structured water in the form of hydrogen nanobubbles for a period of about 1 day to about 6 months, but is not limited thereto.
  • the structured water used in this invention is different from generally-known or described “structured water,” because the “structured water” previously known refers to an intrinsic process of water.
  • the structured water used in this invention is created by the application of high energy processes (“structuration”) as described herein.
  • Structuration is a process in which, by means of implosion and cavitation energy, together with some organic and inorganic salts, at a temperature below atmospheric temperature, water is subjected to drastic changes of pressure and temperature in microstates so that this energy is able to enhance molecular interactions and change the properties of the water.
  • the electrical and thermal conductivity of water can be changed to promote the formation of structured water of this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a two-dimensional ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement of water molecules where the pattern is replicated in the different planes, and this formation is considered superior over the general arrangement of water molecules, and allows the density of the fluid to decrease in addition to the change of electromechanical properties.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a two-dimensional ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement of water molecules where the pattern is replicated in the different planes, and this formation is considered superior over the general arrangement of water molecules, and allows the density of the fluid to decrease in addition to the change of electromechanical properties.
  • FIG. 7 is an illustration of the hexagonal arrangement of water molecules showing two contiguous planes of hexagonal formations of hydrogen and oxygen molecules where the plane of the water molecule is parallel, or substantially parallel, to the surface.
  • FIG. 8A is an illustration of a single three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges.
  • FIG. 8B is a top view of the single spiral cage structure of FIG. 8A showing the hexagonal shape of the three-dimensional helical cage structure.
  • FIG. 8B shows a single three-dimensional helical cage structure of this invention and has the measurement of the atomic radii to scale, as estimated for the given thermodynamic conditions discussed herein.
  • FIG. 8B is a top view of a single helical cage structure, multiple representations of the water molecules occur.
  • hexagonal structures formed by adjacent water molecules can be stacked in a direction perpendicular to the plane that forms the hexagonal structure.
  • Each of the hexagonal structures forming the stacked structure can be rotated due to its electromagnetic properties.
  • the arrangement of the hexagonal structures formed by the H3O2 molecule can also be replicated in different planes, which allows an increase in the density of the fluid in addition to the change of electromechanical properties.
  • two contiguous planes of hexagonal structures can be formed, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the structured water can include multiple water molecules in a planar orientation where adjacent water molecules are joined by hydrogen bridges forming hexagonal rings of water molecules forming a plane of a two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement of water molecules, which is replicated in a plurality of planes stacked in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the of two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement and connected via hydrogen bridges to form multiple layers of the two- dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement, forming a plurality of three- dimensional helical cage structures of polygonal water molecules, wherein each of the helical cage structures has a central hollow lumen, and when viewed from a top, each of the helical cage structures has a hexagonal shape.
  • a density of the structured water can be 10% higher than a density of standard water.
  • a density of the structured water can be about 1.5 to about 5 times a density of standard water.
  • the stability and resultant properties of the structured water formed by the interaction of adjacent water molecules is a result of the electromagnetic effects between the molecular hydrogen and the H3O2 structure of this invention.
  • This structure forms a matrix that has the ability to weave a network capable of trapping the hydrogen molecule within the hollow lumen formed in the three-dimensional cage structure of the H3O2.
  • This arrangement imparts buoyancy forces to the H3O2 structure and reduces or maintains, but does not increase, any forced entanglement between the adjacent water molecules.
  • This behavior can be explained by the Zeeman/Stark effect, where, despite the small electromagnetic field exerted by the atoms on the water molecules, they affect the energy levels around them and change as described by these phenomena.
  • the structured water used in the compositions of this invention preferably comprises a material that includes metals (such as, but not limited to, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium) and their salts.
  • the water can include a plant macronutrient selected from among N, P, S, K, Mg, Ca, and combinations thereof.
  • the water can include a plant micronutrient selected from among Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Cl, Ni, and combinations thereof.
  • the water can include a plant beneficial element selected from among Na, Si, Co, I, V, and combinations thereof.
  • cavitation The phenomenon of the formation of vapor in a fluid by a sudden decrease in pressure is known as cavitation.
  • the liquid is subjected to temperature above 5000°C and pressures above 10 MPa. These temperature and pressure values are achieved from the potential energy of an implosion of water-vapor bubble and the kinetic energy of the fluid.
  • the potential energy is established based on the specific pressure and volume parameters of each molecule, and is equal to the work generated by a pressure difference Pd - P v on its vapor volume throughout the collapse of the cavitation bubble, wherein Pd is the impeller (rotor) pressure and P v is the vapor pressure of the cavitation bubble.
  • the implosion energy of an undisturbed vapor bubble is equal to the ambient pressure poo, as shown in Function 1 : as described in “The relevance of kinematics for cavitation implosion loads Physics of Fluids”, 31, S. Schenke, T. Melissaris, and T. J. C. van Terwisga, 2019 (Schenke 2019).
  • Ep Ot 0 is the potential energy of the bubble
  • Ro is the initial radius of the bubble
  • (poo, Pv) are ambient pressure and vapor pressure respectively, and this function is valid for an undisturbed spherical bubble.
  • the thermochemically stabilized structure imparts new properties to the fluid, changing its thermal and electrical conductivity, among others, which improves interactions with electronegative structures, for example, cells of a mammalian body.
  • FIGS. 8 A and 8B the structural organization of the structured water is shown in these figures.
  • adjacent water molecules of liquid water at 4°C are arranged in a hexagonal arrangement, and multiple planes of this hexagonal arrangement of the water molecules are connected via hydrogen bridges to form the three-dimensional helical cage structure shown in FIG. 8A.
  • the local charge depends on the density of electronegative oxygen atoms.
  • This model explains the changes in electronegativity in the exclusion zone where this configuration occurs, and also explains the changes in the properties such as a 10% higher refractive index than normal water and a higher density than normal water.
  • FIG. 8B is a top view of the arrangement of the water molecules shown in FIG. 5A. This three-dimensional helical cage structure is created by the cavitation and implosion processes, as described herein.
  • the organic salts of the minerals that can be included in the composition of this invention are electronegative in nature, and can organize themselves into a similar arrangement as the arrangement of the water molecules shown in FIGS. 8 A and 8B. That is, the atomic size of these elements is such that they can be captured within the hollow lumen created in the three-dimensional helical cage structure of the structured water.
  • H2 gaseous form
  • ionic aqueous solution of nanostructures containing stabilized hydrogen This gas together with the water molecule, when it touches the surface of a cell wall, modulates a potential of the cell membrane, as well as the electrical properties of the cell membrane.
  • the ionic aqueous fluid electrokinetically provides regulation of cell membrane potentials and helps with intracellular signal transduction.
  • the three-dimensional spiral cage structure formed by hydrogen bridging of adjacent molecules based on the energy generated in the cavitation and implosion process creates a channel (hollow lumen), which can trap various components therein.
  • the water can retain the dissolved hydrogen molecules, minerals, and additives for longer time periods.
  • the stability of the dissolved components is also affected by the interaction of the H? bridges with the structured water molecules.
  • the structuration process can be summarized in three phases, as described here with reference to FIGS. 10A to 10C.
  • FIG. 10A is an illustration of a high kinetic energy solid, which forms a pressure difference on the working fluid that already has a predefined structure due to the minerals contained in the water.
  • This high kinetic energy solid has high kinetic energy in addition to the internal energy of the fluid.
  • water molecules 100A and mineral atoms 200A for example, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and the like, dispersed within the water molecules come into contact with the solid body of high kinetic energy 300A.
  • the high kinetic energy solid 300A is responsible for providing the kinetic energy to the fluid and providing space for the formation of the cavitation and implosion process.
  • Phase 2 Vacuum pressure, bubble formation, where the solid body of high kinetic energy is removed to create a zone of high vacuum and, due to the thermodynamic properties of water, the water is violently converted from the liquid to the gaseous phase, and this conversion generates a high amount of energy.
  • Phase 3 The implosion process begins just after the high kinetic energy solid 300A leaves a volume delimited by its geometrical shape, generating a vacuum pressure on the system. In this process, energy is transferred violently and concentrically at various locations because of the creation of a vacuum in the area vacated by the high kinetic energy solid 300A. This process occurs at a local pressure of about 100 MPa and a temperature of about 5000 K, which are generated within the water during the cavitation and implosion processes.
  • Figures 10B and 10C are illustrations of the two zones formed when the removal of the solid body creates a vacuum in collapse zone 400A, and the layer of water molecules 100 A closest to the collapse zone 400A changes its phase and becomes a gas, which in turn, raises the temperature of the fluid.
  • Cavitation describes a phenomenon that occurs inside a liquid when a pressure field is subjected to changes in time and distance. These changes depend on the properties of the liquid which causes the formation of voids, filled with the fluid in its vapor phase, which are then violently compressed, reaching gaseous phases at high pressure and temperature. Due to this process, there is a rapid transfer of energy between a zone where there was previously a vacuum and where the water changes in density.
  • This phenomenon is caused by a difference in static pressure and vapor pressure of a fluid.
  • static pressure of a fluid pressure of a fluid at rest
  • vapor pressure small vapor-filled cavities can be present in the fluid.
  • Increasing the pressure on the fluid results in implosion or collapse of these cavities, thereby generating waves of energy emanating from the site of the implosion(s).
  • FIG. 11 A representative schematic of this process is shown in FIG. 11.
  • one cavitation bubble 3200 is shown under normal pressure conditions (prior to exposure to a pressure gradient).
  • cavitation bubble 3200 When cavitation bubble 3200 is subject to baroclinity ( p x pl) at a point and converges with an area having a different pressure gradient (p2), the cavitation bubble 3200 is subjected to a shock wave that moves through the fluid due to the difference in the pressure gradients. This causes the cavitation bubble 3200 to implode and form an imploded cavitation bubble 3300, which generates additional energy.
  • Baroclinity generally denoted by p x p, where p is a density gradient and p is a pressure gradient of a fluid, is a measure of the misalignment between the density and pressure gradients of a fluid.
  • cavitation bubbles 3200 appear within the fluid when a vortex is generated in a fluid at a velocity Vo by the action of a rotor (e.g., rotating blade) 3000. As these cavitation bubbles 3200 encounter the pressure differential created by the vortex along isobaric lines 3400, the cavitation bubbles implode into an elliptical-shaped imploded cavitation bubble 3300.
  • a rotor e.g., rotating blade
  • the calculated temperatures attained in these processes reach more than 5000 K in nanoseconds, which causes the fluid density to change about 1.5 to about 6 times in the zones closest to the implosion.
  • the water included in the formulation of this application can be obtained from any water source, including but not limited to non-drinkable water that is treated to make it drinkable; a rural or urban water supply network; atmospheric water that is condensed, collected, and used as water source; and the like, but are not limited thereto, and water from any water source can be used.
  • the water structuring system includes an implosion tank that includes a vortex generating system to achieve the above-described thermodynamic conditions through the processes of cavitation and implosion.
  • the vortex generating system generates a plurality of microstates producing favorable environments for the generation of hydrogen.
  • the vortex generates an environment of microstates, which facilitate cavitation and implosion processes resulting in a localized pressure, calculated to be about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a localized temperature, calculated to be at least 5000 K, in the water that facilitates the formation of structured water.
  • the vortex can be created by rotating a vortex-generating system at 3600 rpm, which generates an average linear speed of about 50 m/s of the water in the vortex, and an absolute pressure that is less than 2 kPa.
  • the amount of granular metallic magnesium used is enough to obtain the maximum solubility of hydrogen in water.
  • the maximum solubility of hydrogen in water ranges from about 1 ppm to about 5 ppm of hydrogen dissolved in water.
  • the metallic Mg and water can be added to a reactor, and then sent to a structuring system.
  • Mg is one example of a mineral that can be used to produce hydrogen in this manner, and also improving cavitation and implosion processes when the process is carried out at appropriate temperature, pressure, time parameters, and the like.
  • Mg is not found in nature in its pure state, it may be obtained from naturally occurring compounds of magnesium, such as magnesite.
  • Magnesite (generally MgCCh) is a composition of magnesium salts and other trace elements, such as iron, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and the like.
  • metallic magnesium can be obtained from naturally occurring magnesite using various processes, such as extraction, electrolysis and precipitation, performed in any suitable order, to produced metallic magnesium. The metallic Mg can then be used, as described above, to produce structured water enriched with dissolved hydrogen.
  • the materials for producing hydrogen are not limited to Mg and magnesite, and any suitable material that reacts with water to produce hydrogen can also be used. Additional examples of such minerals include, but are not limited to alkali and alkaline earth metals such as Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, and the like, including any salts thereof.
  • the particle size of the Mg used can be about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm.
  • the particle size of the Mg can be equal to any integer value or values within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any acceptable variance.
  • the particle size of the Mg affects the generation of hydrogen from the reaction of magnesium and water because the geometry of the cluster formed by metallic Mg is dependent on the size of the Mg particle. When the particle size of magnesium that reacts with water is within this range, smaller clusters of Mg are formed, which increase the surface area available for reaction with water and assists in the production of hydrogen bubbles.
  • Magnesium (Mg) is a very active element and reacts with water at low temperatures to produce magnesium oxide and hydrogen. The reaction can be shifted to producing magnesium hydroxide instead of magnesium oxide by increasing the amount of water.
  • Equations 1-3 The reactions between magnesium and water are summarized in Equations 1-3:
  • the water structuring system can include a gas supply that can include, additionally or alternatively, a first gas supply module and a second gas supply module that can generate or store gases, including but not limited to, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen.
  • the gas supply can provide the hydrogen instead of using the magnesium.
  • the gas supply can include means, structures, or devices for producing (e.g., hydrogen generation cells, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Cells) or separating gases, such as electrolysis or other processes, and means for gas storage, such as cylinders or pressurized tanks.
  • PEM Proton Exchange Membrane
  • a two-equation mathematical model that describes the phenomena observed in the water structuring system that can be used to produce structured water for use in this invention is discussed below.
  • a characteristic feature of the two-equation model is a fifthorder nonlinear aerodynamic damping term.
  • this model can be used for qualitative analysis, with additional experiments contemplated for quantitative analysis. Based on the two-equation mathematical model, the specific parameters and conditions that create the vortex were designed, as described herein.
  • the two-equation mathematical model includes Equations A and B :
  • Equation A (1) represents a flow field with velocity distribution u, and u represents the velocity distribution of a field.
  • T is defined as a circulation function of a fluid, and S is an arbitrary curved surface.
  • the primary characteristics of the vortices present in a fluid are:
  • Vorticity at a point in a fluid is a vector.
  • the component of vorticity in a particular direction (it) is twice the angular velocity of either of two line segments in the fluid that are mutually orthogonal with n. Vorticity is therefore a measure of how fast the fluid rotates.
  • Vortex lines are material lines.” Vortex lines are lines that are tangential to the local vorticity vector. Vortex tubes are the set of all vortex lines that pass through a finite area. The circulation around a vortex tube is constant, regardless of the shape and location of the contour.
  • Vorticity is improved by stretching along the axes of rotation of the fluid element. Viscosity causes vorticity to diffuse away from lateral lines. Baroclinity can generate vorticity within a fluid. When the flow is rotational, the vorticity of a fluid element is directly proportional to its density, and the compression of the fluid increases the vorticity.
  • a model for the onset of cavitation and implosion in a vortex is described here.
  • a simplified Rayleigh-Plesset single-bubble implosion model is used.
  • the degree of cavitation development is characterized by a non-dimensional parameter known as the cavitation number a, which is defined by: where p re f is the reference pressure of the liquid, p v is the actual pressure of the liquid, p is the fluid density, and V is the flow velocity.
  • the Rayleigh-Plesset equation is a second-order differential equation used to calculate the behavior of the bubble volume as a function of its radius R(t): where * ⁇ ' 7 is the difference between the applied pressure and the vapor pressure, and is the driving term of the bubble evolution.
  • the second term of this equation is the contribution of the non-condensable gas, where the constant mass of the gas is assumed to follow a polytropic thermodynamic behavior characterized by a given polytropic coefficient k.
  • S is the surface tension coefficient expressed in N/m or J/m 2 .
  • the design of the implosion system described herein maximizes the implosion phenomenon, maximizes stiffness to prevent the system from reaching its elastic limits and makes it possible to reuse the system, imparts safety, minimizes manufacturing, maintenance, and operating costs, and minimizes weight.
  • the rotor of the motor is rotated at a rotational speed of about 1800 rpm to about 7000 rpm.
  • the rotational speed can be equal to any integer value or values this range, including the endpoints of these ranges, and any appropriate variances.
  • the initial pressure inside the implosion tank during the cavitation and implosion process can be from about 50 kPa to about 105 kPa.
  • the pressure can be equal to any integer value or values within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges, and any appropriate variances.
  • the implosion tank can be designed to contain hydrogen gas at a pressure of 175 kPa or less, such as 160 kPa or less, or 150 kPa or less, or 140 kPa or less, or 130 kPa or less, or 120 kPa or less, or 110 kPa or less. This involves robust construction and structural reinforcements to ensure the integrity of the tank under these conditions. At a pressure within these ranges, the energy of the macrostates of water increases.
  • the localized pressure of the microstates of water existing in the vicinity of the implosion can reach about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and the localized temperature can be at least 5000 K.
  • the system described herein creates the cavitation and implosion processes at the required energy to produce the “structured water” having high hydrogen solubility over time.
  • the structured water and its various components are discussed herein. The following is a description of the fluid dynamics that form the basis for creating the vortex of this invention to produce the structured water of this invention.
  • the cavitation vortex is designed such that: r ⁇ ri ( Steam ) r > ri (Liquid).
  • the water structuring system 200 can include a water supply source 10 and a water filtration system 200F.
  • the water filtration system 200F can include a water filter 20, a reverse osmosis filter 30 and a disinfector 40.
  • the water supply source 10 can be from one or more sources.
  • the water supply source 10 can be from one or more water supply networks and/or from the moisture in the air which could be condensed, collected, and used as water source.
  • the water supply source 10 can be any water supply source.
  • One of the advantages of using atmospheric moisture as the water supply source 10 is that it allows the availability of water in absence of traditional sources such as rivers, water supply network, etc.
  • the water can be output to the water filter 20.
  • the water filter 20 can include, for example, a sediment filter and/or a filter with any other compound that can aid in the filtration of undesirable components from the water source. Additionally or alternatively, the water filter 20 can include activated carbon.
  • the reverse osmosis filter 30 can be optional depending on the type or quality of water. For example, the reverse osmosis filter 30 can be used in cases where tap water is used as the water source. In one embodiment, after filtration by the water filter 20, the water can be directed to the reverse osmosis filter 30 and then to the disinfector 40 including an emission of ultraviolet (UV) light.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the disinfector 40 can comprise an ultraviolet (UV) lamp, but is not limited thereto and any suitable disinfection method may be used.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • Various different types of water filtering devices and disinfecting devices can be used in the water filtration system 200F depending on the quality and type of water source. In some embodiments, there may be no need to include the water filtration system 200F if the quality of water is sufficient for outputting the structured water in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the water structuring system 200 can further include a structured water generator 60 coupled, directly or indirectly, to the water filtration system 200F and a mineral supply 50.
  • the water filtration system 200F can purify the water received from the water supply source 10 via the water filter 20, the reverse osmosis filter 30, and the disinfector 40. Then the water can be output to the structured water generator 60 to change the energy structure of the water by agitation and cavitation.
  • the structured water generator 60 can receive minerals dispensed from the mineral supply 50 and the purified water discharged from the disinfector 40 or water directly from the water supply source 10.
  • the mineral supply 50 can add minerals and additives to the water in the structured water generator 60 via a mineral input.
  • the minerals and additives can include, but are not limited to, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and the like.
  • One or more of these minerals or other additives can be in the form of a water soluble salt selected from lactate, sulfate, selenite, halide, nitrate, acetate, hydroxides, and the like, but are not limited thereto, and any suitable anion safe for consumption and/or ingestion can be used.
  • any suitable anion safe for consumption and/or ingestion can be used.
  • various suitable cations can be used in conjunction with any suitable anion that is safe for consumption and/or ingestion.
  • the water structuring system 200 can comprise a feeder and a discharger (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration and explanation).
  • the feeder can he any suitable means for feeding a fluid to the water structuring system 200, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material.
  • the discharger can be any suitable means for discharging a fluid from the water structuring system 200, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material.
  • One or more of the feeder and the discharger can be formed integrally with the other components in the water structuring system 200 or can be formed separately and connected to the water structuring system 200 through one or more connecting means.
  • connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welding, and the like.
  • the water structuring system 200 can further include a mineral reactor 52 or a mineral reactor 52 and a mixer 54.
  • the mixer 54 may be a cyclone mixer, but is not limited thereto.
  • the mixer 54 may receive the filtered water from the water filtration system 200F or receive water directly from the water supply source 10, depending on the quality of the water necessary to perform the structuration in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the mineral reactor 52 can output H2, MgO, and water to be input to the mixer 54.
  • the mixer 54 can receive, simultaneously or sequentially, one or more gases, including but not limited to hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the like, from a gas supply 80.
  • Figure 16 shows one exemplary arrangement of the mineral reactor 52 and mixer 54 coupled to the structured water generator 60.
  • the mineral reactor 52 can include a container 52A, a motor 52D, a rotator (or rotary device) 52B, and a housing 52C.
  • the rotator 52B may be a screw-type mixing device (or auger, drill, screw rod, etc.) attached to the motor 52D.
  • Magnesium can be stored in the container 52A.
  • the magnesium stored in the container 52 A can be mixed with water by the rotator 52B, as shown in FIG. 16.
  • the reactor (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration and explanation) can then produce MgO and H2, which may then be sent to the mixer 54 to be mixed with minerals, additives, and/or additional H2, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the speed of the mixer 54 can depend on the desired amount and quality of water being processed in the structured water generator 60.
  • an average speed of the water in the cyclone mixer can be set at 10 meters/second and the pressure may be 45 psi.
  • the speed and the pressure can be varied, based on Bernoulli’s principle, depending on the desired amount of MgO and H2 output from the mineral reactor 52.
  • the water from the mixer 54 can be output to the structured water generator 60 through a feeder described above.
  • the structured water generator 60 can include one or more blades that can be connected to a shaft that is connected to a speed amplifier.
  • the speed amplifier may include a motor that rotates at high revolutions to generate a vortex in the water, which in turn produces cavitation and implosion, as described earlier in the present disclosure.
  • This phenomenon allows water molecules to reach localized temperatures above about 5,000 degrees Kelvin (K), and depending on the energy generated during the implosion process, the temperature can be about 10,000 K or about 15,000 K, and the like, and, individually, any intervening temperatures.
  • the structured water generator 60 can comprise a rotating and translating housing structure that translates and rotates a helical- spiral-shaped housing to create the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes in the water contained in the helical-spiral-shaped housing.
  • the movement of the rotating and translating housing structure is controlled by any suitable mechanism, including but not limited to actuators, such as a motor that transmits its movement through pulleys to the housing.
  • the housing can be connected channels that direct the flow of the fluid, and lead it to perform rotational and translational movements with a frequency greater than about 300 Hz. These movements lead to a phase change of water into steam that generates the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes.
  • the helical/spiral-shaped housing can be, but is not limited to, a tube in the form of a helix or spiral. Additional structural and mechanical details of the structured water generator 60 are later described in more detail.
  • cavitation/implosion is continuously found in the nucleus of the vortex, indicating a strong correlation between said cavitation/implosion and vortex dynamics.
  • the stretching of the vortex is the dominant factor, responsible for the growth of the vortex and the elliptical shape of the cavitation bubbles.
  • the cavitation bubbles form an elliptical shape during the implosion process.
  • the elliptical geometry of the imploding cavitation bubbles mirrors the elliptical flow of the fluid, and the cavitation and implosion process is aided by the elliptical geometry of the cavitation bubbles during the implosion process.
  • the dilation term could produce enhancement or suppression of local vorticity, depending on the volumetric variation induced by cavitation and, during the implosion stage, the bubble creates baroclinic vorticity and contributes to three- dimensional vorticity.
  • the exposure to cavitation and/or implosion homogenizes the mixture of water, added minerals, additives and dissolved gases.
  • Other processes that provide structuration or homogenize the mixture are ultrasonic mixing or exposure to a vacuum pressure difference, and can form a part of the devices and systems used for the production of structured water than can be used in the compositions provided herein.
  • vorticity can be separated into the following nine stages: initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision, implosion, and water restructuring.
  • the linear flow rate necessary to start the water restructuring process is in the range of about 30 m/s to 300 m/s.
  • the linear flow rate can be any value or range within this range, including but not limited to the upper and lower limit and any acceptable variance.
  • the water structuring system 200 can further include a magnetizer 70, a gas supply 80, a cooling system 90, and a dispensing module 100.
  • minerals and/or additives can be added by the mineral supply 50, and MgO and H2 may be added by the mineral reactor 52.
  • the gas supply 80 can provide H2 to the mixer 54.
  • the mixer 54 e.g., cyclone mixer
  • the mixer 54 can mix, in addition to the H2 from the gas supply 80, H2 and MgO received from the mineral reactor 52, minerals and/or additives added from the mineral supply 50, and water received form the water filtration system 200F or the water supply source 10.
  • the mixture from the mixer 54 can then be output to the structured water generator 60 to perform the structuration process in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the water can be magnetized by the magnetizer 70 with, for example, neodymium magnets, then gases such as oxygen, hydrogen or carbon dioxide can be added, and the structured water can be cooled before being dispensed to a container.
  • gases such as oxygen, hydrogen or carbon dioxide
  • the magnetizer 70 can comprise any magnetization means that generates a magnetic field preferably strong enough to configure the magnetic field of the water in a desired orientation.
  • Any suitable magnetization means can be used, including but not limited to magnets of metals, such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), rare earth metals, combinations and alloys thereof; naturally magnetic minerals that are called “calamites” that are composed mostly of iron; and/or electromagnets.
  • the magnetizer 70 may comprise neodymium magnets. The arrangement of magnets in the magnetizer is not limited, and any suitable arrangement can be used.
  • the magnetizer 70 aligns the water molecules by generating an electromagnetic field in a conductive material that produces magnetization by induction.
  • the cooling system 90 can be arranged to be part of a condenser and/or to maintain a suitable temperature for the structuration of water and/or to cool the final product before being discharged from the water structuring system 200.
  • the cooling system 90 can comprise any suitable means for cooling a fluid, including but not limited an air-cooled system, a water-cooled system, a thermoelectric cooler, an electric cooler, and the like.
  • the gas supply 80 can provide one or more gases such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a combination thereof to the water discharged from the magnetizer 70.
  • the gasified water can then be cooled by flowing through the cooling system 90 and dispensed through the dispensing module 100 and into a container (not shown in this figure for clarify of illustration).
  • the water structuring system 200 can optionally include an additional disinfector 42.
  • the additional disinfector 42 can be similar to the disinfector 40 described above. The disinfector 42 can disinfect or sterilize the water output from the magnetizer 70 before being input to the cooling system 90.
  • All the elements can be controlled and energized by a power supply system (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration) and a controller 110.
  • a power supply system not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration
  • a controller 110 Each of components shown in FIG. 15 can be arranged in any order to facilitate the proper functioning of the water structuring device, including being arranged sequentially as shown in FIG. 15.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a water structuring system 300.
  • the water structuring system 300 can include the same or similar components as described in the water structuring system 200 shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. The descriptions of the same components shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 are omitted with respect to FIG. 17 for brevity and clarity of explanation.
  • the water structuring system 300 can include the water supply source 10 that can include, additionally or alternatively, a direct supply 11 from a water supply network and/or a condensing-collector 12, in which atmospheric moisture is condensed, collected, and stored.
  • the water structuring system 300 can use only one of the direct supply 11 or the condensing- collector 12.
  • the water structuring system 300 can use both direct supply 11 and the condensing-collector 12 simultaneously, sequentially, or alternatively together, depending on the availability of water and/or desired amount of water to be processed by the structured water generator 60.
  • the water structuring system 300 including the water supply source 10 shown in FIG. 17 can operate in the similar manner as described in reference to the water structuring system 200 in FIG. 15.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a water structuring system 400.
  • the water structuring system 400 can include the same or similar components as described in the water structuring systems 200 and 300 shown in FIGS. 15-17. The description of the same components shown in FIGS. 15-17 are omitted with respect to FIG. 18 for brevity and clarity of explanation.
  • the water structuring system 400 can include the gas supply 80 that can include, additionally or alternatively, a first gas supply module 81 and a second gas supply module 82 that can generate or store gases, including but not limited to, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen.
  • the gas supply 80 can include means, structures, or devices for producing (e.g., hydrogen generation cells, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Cells) or separating gases, such as electrolysis or other processes, and means for gas storage, such as cylinders or pressurized tanks.
  • the amounts of hydrogen added are not limited and the hydrogen can be added to the water dispensing system in any combination of amounts from one or different hydrogen sources.
  • the water structuring system 400 including the gas supply 80 shown in FIG. 18 can operate in the similar manner as described in reference to the water structuring systems 200 and 300 in FIGS. 15 and 17.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a water structuring system 500.
  • the water structuring system 500 can include the same or similar components as describe in the water structuring systems 200-400 shown in FIGS. 15-18.
  • the water structuring system 500 can include a condensing-collector 12 coupled, directly or indirectly, between the water filtration system 200F and the structured water generator 60.
  • the condensing-collector 12 which condenses and collects atmospheric moisture, functions as a cooling system that sends condensed water from the air to the input of the water filter 20 through plumbing 121.
  • the condensing-collector 12 can provide water to the structured water generator 60 without being filtered by the water filtration system 200F.
  • the water condensed from the condensing-collector 12 may be sent directly to the structured water generator 60.
  • the water structuring system 500 including the additional condensing- collector 12 and plumbing 121 can operate in the similar manner as described in reference to the water structuring systems 200-400 in FIGS. 15-18.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic illustration of a water structuring system 600.
  • the water structuring system 600 can include the same or similar components as describe in the water structuring systems 200-500 shown in FIGS. 15-19. The description of the same components shown in FIGS. 15-19 are omitted with respect to FIG. 20 for brevity and clarity of explanation.
  • FIG. 20 shows the locations in the connection pipes where injection pumps Pl, P2, and P3 can be located to drive the water under treatment to be discharged.
  • the pumps Pl, P2, and P3 can provide suitable pressures to communicate fluid (e.g., water) to and from various components of the water structuring system 600.
  • the arrangements of the injection pumps are not limited thereto, and any suitable arrangement can be used.
  • the water structuring system 600 shown in FIG. 20 may operate in the similar manner as described in reference to the water structuring systems 200-500 in FIGS. 15-19.
  • FIGS. 21A and 21B are illustrations of a water structuring system 700, which can incorporate one or more aspects of the water structuring systems 200-600 described in reference to FIGS. 15-20 above.
  • FIG. 21 A depicts a front view of the water structuring system 700
  • FIG. 21B depicts an exploded view of the water structuring system 700.
  • the water structuring system 700 and its components will be described in reference to FIG. 21 A hereinafter.
  • the water structuring system 700 can include a housing 701 and a water supply source 710 arranged adjacent to or coupled, directly or indirectly, to the housing 701.
  • the water supply source 710 can be, for example, an atmospheric humidity collector, which condenses and collects the water contained in atmospheric humidity.
  • the atmospheric humidity collector can include a cooling system that uses radial or axial fans under thermoelectric coolers, or any other cooling means.
  • the atmospheric humidity collector can alternatively or additionally comprise a fixed-bed steam absorption system that is filled with carbon nanotubes, fullerene and other allotropic forms of carbon that are connected to a helical condenser with a nozzle system that generates a difference in pressure that absorbs steam and improves the process of condensation.
  • the water structuring system 700 can include, for example, in the housing 701, a fluid storage 702, and a water filtration system 700F.
  • the water filtration system 700F can include, as disclosed in the foregoing embodiments, the water filter 20, the reverse osmosis filter 30, and/or the disinfector 40.
  • the water filtration system 700F can include, additionally or alternatively, a nanometric filter.
  • the water structuration system can include a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) 752, a structured water generator 760, a mixer 754, and a mineral supply 750.
  • the structured water generator 760 can also include a vortex structuring system (later described in detail in FIGS. 21C-G).
  • the mineral supply 750 can include one or more pumps to maintain the homogeneity of the desired mineral mixture in the water.
  • the water collected by the water supply source 710 can be fed, for example, to the fluid storage 702 in the housing 701, as shown in FIG. 21A.
  • the collected or stored water in the fluid storage 702 can then be sent to the water filtration system 700F (e.g., the water filter 20, the reverse osmosis filter 30, the disinfector 40, and/or a nanometric filter) to filter or purify the water.
  • the structured water generator 760 can also receive minerals dispensed from the mineral supply 750.
  • the mineral supply 750 can add minerals and/or additives to the water in the structured water generator 760 via a mineral input.
  • the minerals and additives added to the system can be any one or more suitable minerals and additives, including but not limited to, any minerals and additives described herein, such as a plant macro nutrient or a micronutrient or any combination thereof.
  • the water structuring system 700 can comprise a feeder and a discharger (omitted in FIG. 21 A for clarity of illustration and explanation).
  • the feeder can be any suitable means for feeding a fluid to the water structuring system 700, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material.
  • the discharger can be any suitable means for discharging a fluid from the water structuring system 700, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material.
  • One or more of the feeder and the discharger can be formed integrally with the other components in the water structuring system 700 or can be formed separately and connected to the water structuring system 700 through one or more connecting means.
  • connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welding, and the like.
  • the filtered water from the water filtration system 700F can be provided to the mineral reactor 752 and the mixer 754.
  • the mineral reactor 752 can produce H and MgO to be sent to the structured water generator 760.
  • the mineral reactor 752 can include the container 52A, the motor 52D, the rotator 52B, and a housing 52C.
  • the rotator 52B can be a screw-type mixing device (or auger, drill, screw rod, etc.) attached to the motor 52D.
  • Magnesium can be stored in the container 52A.
  • the magnesium stored in the container 52A can be mixed with water by the rotator 52B.
  • the reactor (not shown in the figure for clarity of illustration and explanation) can then produce MgO and H2, which can then be sent to the mixer 754 to be mixed with minerals, additives and/or additional H2.
  • the speed of the mixer 754 e.g., cyclone mixer
  • an average speed of the water in the mixer 754 can be set at 10 meters/second and the pressure may be 45 psi.
  • the speed and the pressure may be varied, based on the Bernoulli’s principle and the desired amount of MgO and H2 output from the mineral reactor 752.
  • the amount of minerals and/or additives added to the mineral reactor 752 and the minerals and/or additives received by the structured water generator 760 from the mineral supply 750 can vary.
  • One or more minerals and/or additives received by the structured water generator 760 from the mineral supply 750 can assist in inducing cavitation and/or agitation in the structured water generator 760.
  • the structuring process of the structured water generator 760 is described further in detail hereinafter.
  • the water from the mixer 754 can be provided to the structured water generator 760 to change the energy structure of the water, by means of agitation and then exposed to cavitation, and subsequent implosion.
  • the mineral and additives can be added to the structured water generator 760 from the mineral supply 750.
  • the addition of minerals, such as magnesium, improves the generation and/or retention of desired gases (e.g., hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) in the water.
  • the structured water generator 760 can be any device or means that can provoke sufficient cavitation, implosion and/or agitation in the water to induce structuration of the water.
  • the structured water generator 760 can include, as described above, various input and output means to introduce apt-to-drink water, minerals and additives and elements that induce cavitation and/or agitation such as spinning device coupled to the structured water generator 760.
  • the structured water generator 760 can comprise a rotating and translating device (i.e. a device that provides structuration to water) that translates and rotates a helicalspiral-shaped container containing water to generate the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes for structuring the water.
  • FIGS. 21C-E show an exemplary implementation for the structured water generator 760 including the rotating and translating mechanism.
  • the structured water generator 760 can include a housing (or a bracket or frame) 761.
  • the structured water generator 760 can include a motor 763, a first wheel 764, a second wheel 768, and a belt 765 that is fitted into the groove of each of the first wheel 764 and the second wheel 768, as shown in FIGS. 21C and 21D.
  • the combination of the first wheel 764, the second wheel 768, and the belt 765 can be referred to as a rotation generator.
  • the first wheel 764 and the second wheel 768 can have different diameters to multiply the speed or torque generated by the pully system.
  • the first wheel 764 can be a 6-inch wheel
  • the second wheel may be a 4-inch wheel, but are not limited thereto, and any suitable size and number of wheels can be used in the rotation generator.
  • the motor 763 is coupled to the first wheel 764 that rotates to provide sufficient rotational and translational movements of the structured water generator 760 at a frequency greater than 300 Hz. These movements lead to a phase change from water into steam that generates the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes of the present disclosure.
  • the motor 763 can include, as shown in FIG. 2 IE, a rotation element 765A in a housing 766C of the motor 763.
  • the rotation element 765A can include one or more magnets 766D that facilitates the rotation of the rotation element 765A.
  • the motor 763 can include one or more coils for generating a magnetic field to generate rotational force against the one or more magnets 766D.
  • the motor 763 can include a shaft 765B that can be connected to the first wheel 764 to rotate of the first wheel 764 for facilitating the water structuration process.
  • the structured water generator 760 can comprise a conical-shaped (or spiral-shaped) container (or tank) 762 having an input opening 766, which can be coupled, directly or indirectly, to the mixer 754, structured water generator 760, mineral supply 750, and/or water supply source 710 to receive desired fluid and/or minerals to facilitate structuration of water in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the conical- shaped container 762 can be, for example, a helical-spiral- shaped tube (i.e. a tube that has the form of a helical spiral).
  • the structured water generator 760 can comprise an output opening 769 to output structured water from the conical-shaped container 762.
  • the conical-shaped container 762 can have a capacity of 15 to 50 liters, but is not limited to this capacity.
  • the structured water generator 760 can include a shaft 767, which can include rods (or blades) that are connected to one or more internal surfaces of the conical-shaped container 762, as shown in FIG. 21C.
  • the shaft 767 can be connected to the motor 763 that rotates at high revolutions to generate a vortex, which allows the water to produce the phenomenon of cavitation and consequently an implosion of each bubble generated in the conical-shaped container 762.
  • the one or more screws and nuts, as well as other suitable fastening elements can be utilized to securely arrange the components of the structured water generator 760 in the housing 761. That is, the components of the structured water generator 760 shown in FIGS. 21 C and 2 ID can be attached or coupled to the housing 761 in the manner sufficient to support translational and rotational movements of the conical-shaped container 762 at high speeds. The translational and rotational movement will be described with reference to FIG. 2 ID.
  • the translational and rotational movements of the conical-shaped container 762 allows the water molecules in the conicalshaped container 762 to reach localized temperatures above 5000 K. In some embodiments, the temperatures could triple depending on the energy generated from the translation and rotational movements.
  • cavitation/implosion can continuously occur in the nucleus of the vortex, indicating a strong correlation between said cavitation/implosion and vortex dynamics.
  • the stretching of the vortex can be the dominant factor, responsible for the growth of the vortex and the elliptical shape of the cavitation ring.
  • the dilation term could produce enhancement or suppression of local vorticity, depending on the volumetric variation induced by cavitation and, during the implosion stage, the bubbles create baroclinic vorticity and contribute to three-dimensional vorticity.
  • the exposure to cavitation and/or implosion homogenize the mix.
  • structuration or homogenization of the mix can be achieved through ultrasonic mixing or exposure to a vacuum pressure difference.
  • the periodic functioning of the implosion structure together with the temporal evolution of large eddies, vorticity can be separated into, for example, the following 9 stages: initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision, implosion and water restructuring.
  • the linear flow rate necessary to start the water restructuring process may be in the range between 30 m/s to 300 m/s.
  • the water structuring system 700 can include a magnetizer 770 and a dispensing module 705.
  • the magnetizer 770 can include, for example, any means or device that generates a magnetic field sufficient to configure the magnetic field of the water in a desired manner.
  • the magnetizer 770 may include, but not limited thereto, neodymium magnets or other magnetization means, such as one, or a combination, of the following: magnets of metals such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and/or nickel (Ni); naturally magnetic minerals that are called “catamites” that are composed mostly of iron; and/or electromagnets.
  • the magnets or other magnetization means can be arranged in the water structuring system 700 in any configuration in accordance with the desired design or functionality of water structuring system. Additionally or alternatively, the magnetizer 770 can align the water molecules by generating an electromagnetic field in a conductive material that produces magnetization by induction. After the water leaves the structured water generator 760, the water can be magnetized by the magnetizer 770, then gases such as oxygen, hydrogen or carbon dioxide can be added if desired, before being cooled and finally dispensed to a container.
  • the water structuring system 700 can include, in the housing 701, a gas supply including, for example, at least one of a H2 storage 706, an O2 storage 707, and a CO2 storage 708, a hydrogen generation cell 712, or a combination thereof.
  • the water structuring system 700 can also include a cooling system 790, a main control system 711, a compressor 709, and a UV filter 704.
  • the gas supply (e.g., H2 storage 706, O2 storage 707, CO2 storage 708, and/or hydrogen generation cell 712) can add one or more gasses (e.g., oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a combination thereof) to the water that can be treated by the structured water generator 760.
  • the gas supply can include means or structure (e.g., hydrogen generation cell 712) to perform separation of water into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen using electrolysis or other processes, and means or structure for gas storage, such as cylinders or pressurized tanks.
  • the UV filter 704 can disinfect or sterilize the structured water processed from the structured water generator 760.
  • the water can be cooled by the cooling system 790 before being dispensed by the dispensing module 705.
  • the cooling system 790 can also be used to cool the water supplied to the structured water generator 760 to a temperature of 4°C.
  • FIG. 21B depicts an exploded view of the water structuring system 700.
  • FIG. 2 IB illustrates one exemplary arrangement of the components of the water structuring system 700.
  • the water structuring system 700 shown in FIG. 21B includes the same or similar components as describe in the water structuring system 700 shown in FIG. 21 A, the descriptions of the same components shown in FIG. 21 A are omitted accordingly for brevity and clarity of explanation.
  • the water structuring system 700 of FIGS. 21 A and 21B can comprise various feeders and/or dischargers coupled to various components of the water structuring system 700 shown in FIG. 21B, to facilitate operation of the water structuring system 700.
  • the feeders can be any suitable means for providing fluids, minerals, and/or other materials necessary to facilitate operation of the water structuring system 700, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material.
  • the dischargers can be any suitable means for discharging fluids, minerals, and/or other materials necessary to facilitate operation of the water structuring system 700, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material.
  • One or more of the feeder and the discharger can be formed integrally with the water structuring system 700 or can be formed separately and connected to the water structuring system through a connecting means.
  • Non-limiting examples of connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welding, and the like.
  • FIGS. 22A and 22B are illustrations of a large-scale water structuring system 800.
  • the water structuring system 800 can include a water filtration system 800F, a housing 801, a fluid storage 802, a UV filter 804, a dispenser 805, an H storage 806, an O2 storage 807, CO2 storage 808, a hydrogen generating 809, a water supply source 810, a main control system 811, a hydrogen generation cell 812, a mineral supply 850, a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) 852, a mixer 854, a structured water generator 860, a magnetizer 870, and a cooling system 890.
  • FIGS. 1 the size, shape, and placement (or arrangement) of the components shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 22A and 22B can be different from the components of the water structuring system 700 shown in FIGS. 21A-E, the components of the water structuring systems 700 and 800 are scalable and modifiable to yield the same structured water. As such, the detailed descriptions of each of the components of the water structuring system 800 are omitted with respect to FIGS. 21A and 21B for brevity.
  • FIG. 22A is a perspective view of the large-scale water structuring system 800
  • FIG. 22B is a top down view of the large-scale water structuring system 800.
  • FIGS. 23 A and 23B are illustrations of a compact version of a water structuring system 900.
  • the water structuring system 900 can include a water filtration system 900F, a housing 901, a fluid storage 902, a UV filter 904, a dispenser 905, an H2 storage 906, an O2 storage 907, CO2 storage 908, a water supply source 910, a main control system 911, a hydrogen generation cell 912, a mineral supply 950, a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) 903, a mixer 951, a structured water generator 960, a magnetizer 970, and a cooling system 990.
  • FIGS. 23 A and 23B are illustrations of a compact version of a water structuring system 900.
  • the water structuring system 900 can include a water filtration system 900F, a housing 901, a fluid storage 902, a UV filter 904, a dispenser 905, an H2 storage 906, an O2 storage 907, CO2 storage 908, a water supply source 910,
  • FIG. 23A and 23B can be different from the components of the water structuring systems 700 and 800 shown in FIGS. 21A-E and 22A-B, the components of the water structuring systems 700-900 are scalable and modifiable to yield the same structured water. As such, the detailed descriptions of each of the components of the water structuring system 900 are omitted with respect to FIG. 23A for brevity.
  • FIG. 23A is an exploded view of the compact water structuring system 900
  • FIG. 23B is a perspective view of the water structuring system 900.
  • FIGS. 23B and 23C illustrate the components of the water structuring system 900 and the water supply source 910.
  • the components in the water supply source 910 can be incorporated into the water supply sources of the systems 200-800 in FIGS. 15-20B.
  • the water supply source 910 can be a condensation and extraction system.
  • the water supply source 910 can comprise an optimized condensation system with an extraction system that allows capturing water from the atmosphere by two main elements, a condensation system and an extraction system.
  • the water supply source 910 can include a condensation system housing 930, a cooling system 932, and a steam absorber 933, and a condenser 934.
  • the cooling system 932 can be a semiconductor-based electronic component that functions as a small heat pump based on the Peltier effect. By applying a low DC electrical voltage to it, one side of the device will be cooled while the other side will be heated simultaneously. This device is used to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of the module and improves the heat transfer rate (i.e. increases the ability of heat transfer).
  • COP coefficient of performance
  • the steam absorber 933 can be a fixed-bed steam absorber, which absorbs steam, that is filled with carbon nanotubes, fullerene and other allotropic forms of carbon that are connected to the condenser 934.
  • the condenser 934 can be a helical-spiral-shaped housing, and the condenser 934 can be connected to a nozzle system 935, which improves the process of condensation.
  • the cooling system 932 e.g., thermoelectric cooler
  • the condenser 934 e.g., helical-spiral-shaped housing
  • the condenser 934 (e.g., helical- spiral-shaped housing) can be located above an air flow that is injected by an extractor for condensation.
  • the water supply source 910 may also include an air extractor 936, and a storage container 937.
  • FIG. 24 is a cutaway view of area 2000A of the water structuring system 700 as shown in FIG. 21 A.
  • FIG. 24 shows the attachment of the structured water generator 760 to the water structuring system 700, and illustrates the movement of the various parts during the cavitation process.
  • the water structuring system 700 includes a primary fastening system 2001, a rotation element 2065 A, an input opening 2066, one or more high energy solids 2066D, a housing 2066C for the rotation element 2065A, a secondary fastening system 2006, and a sealer 2007.
  • the primary fastening system 2001 is a mechanical temporary fixing device that, by means of a torsional force, is responsible for joining the housing 2066C and the sealer 2007.
  • the rotation element 2065 A guides the rotational movement of the one or more high energy solids 2066D by conveying torque and force.
  • the input opening 2066 includes a hole for injecting fluid, minerals and/or additives into the apparatus. The placement of the input opening 2066 is not limited, and any suitable placement of the input for materials to be added to the water structuring system can be used.
  • the one or more high energy solids 2066D are responsible for displacing fluid inside the structured water generator at high speeds, which generates turbulent flow and current trajectories that can be in circular and helical forms, thereby generating an empty area where high pressures and high temperatures can be found inside the structured water generator.
  • the sealer 2007 can avoid leaks produced at high pressures, which prevents depressurization and ensures a hermetic system within the water structuring system, including the structured water generator, while also providing rigidity to the system.
  • the secondary fastening system 2006 is a mechanical element that allows for the containment and fixing of removable elements.
  • FIG. 25 shows a portion of a cross- sectional view of the implosion tank of the structured water generator 960 illustrated in FIG. 23 A.
  • the implosion tank 1000 includes a top cover 1010 connected to a storage tank 1020 via connectors 1015. When connected together, top cover 1010 and storage tank 1020 form a chamber 1050, that can contain a liquid 1055 in a lower portion thereof and a gas 1057 in an upper portion thereof.
  • Th chamber shown has channel having a U-shape in cross-section, which can improve the mixing properties of the device.
  • the chamber is not limited to having a channel having a U-shape in cross-section.
  • the cross-section can be rectangular or an include baffles or indentations to modify the flow of the liquid when mixed.
  • the chamber can have a donut or toroidal shape. As shown in FIG. 25, the water can accumulate at the bottom of the chamber and the hydrogen gas at the top of the chamber.
  • the implosion tank can be made of stainless steel or other material capable of withstanding the pressure and temperature needed for the implosion tank to operate.
  • impeller 1040 that includes end blades 1045 is rotatably positioned.
  • the impeller 1040 is attached to a motor that can provide energy to rotate the impeller 1040.
  • FIG. 26 A side view of the implosion tank 1000 is shown in FIG. 26, and a top view of the implosion tank 1000 is shown in FIG. 27.
  • the top cover 1010 is shown connected to the storage tank 1020 via connectors including a bolt 1070 and a nut 1075, and the outlet 1090 in the lower portion of the storage tank 1020 can be seen.
  • shaft 1030 which is connected to impeller 1040 and when connected to a motor provide rotates the impeller 1040.
  • the top cover 1010 includes a plurality of inlets 1011 through 1015, as well as a central hole 1019, for accommodating a portion of shaft 1030 to allow shaft 1030 to be connected to impeller 1040 within the chamber of the implosion tank 1000.
  • the number and type of inlets are not limited.
  • the placement of the inlets is not limited. While the configuration shown in FIG. 27 shows the inlets as equidistant from each other, the inlets can be positioned in any other configuration, such as staggered, or all on one side of the central hole 1019, and can be placed singly, in pairs, or in combinations of 3, such as in a row or a triangular distribution.
  • the inlets provide locations in which pressure and temperature control elements of the system can be located, as well as locations for including devices that can measure the amount of hydrogen gas delivered to the system, and where digital indicators that show the status of the mixing chamber can be inserted. These inlets can be fitted with valves that are designed to withstand the high pressures inside the tank and can be safely operated from the outside.
  • the top cover 1010 can include holes or inlets for safety devices, such as pressure relief valves. These safety devices are designed to ensure safety throughout the mixing process.
  • the implosion tank is specifically designed to contain hydrogen gas at low pressures (e.g., below 24 psi). This involves robust construction and structural reinforcements to ensure the integrity of the implosion tank under these conditions.
  • the central hole 1019 can include a bearing 1018 that allows shaft 1030 to be held in proper position within central hole 1019 and yet be freely rotatable.
  • FIG. 28 An exploded view of the implosion tank 1000 is shown in FIG. 28.
  • the channel 1025 in storage tank 1020 forms the chamber 1050 when the top cover 1010 is connected to the storage tank 1020.
  • the impeller 1040 traverses the channel 1025 when rotating, and performs mixing and agitation to create the conditions under which the implosion occurs and where water and hydrogen are combined.
  • the end blades 1045 which can be made, e.g., of stainless steel, when in motion, actively agitate the fluids in the channel 1025 when rotating.
  • FIG. 28 shows that a plurality of bolts 1070 and nuts 1075 can be fastened together to secure the top cover 1010 to the storage tank 1020.
  • Bearing 1018 is fitted in the central hole and allows shaft 1030 to be held in proper position within central hole 1019 and yet be freely rotatable. The size and type of the bearing is selected to provide support to shaft 1030 and allow shaft 1030 to rotate with minimum friction.
  • the chamber 1050 formed when the storage tank 1020 and the top cover 1010 of the implosion tank 1000 are connected together is where the implosion and cavitation processes occur.
  • the storage tank 1020 can provide stability and support for the rest of the components of the device during the mixing process.
  • a blind flange can be used between the storage tank 1020 and the top cover 1010 to seal the implosion tank 1000, as well as to support the different valve and control systems. It can also be used in a fluid supply line, such as for delivering the water or hydrogen gas.
  • Any fastening system can be used to connect the storage tank 1020 and the top cover 1010 together. In FIG. 28, the fastening system shown in a plurality of bolts and nuts to fix and adjust components in place.
  • the shaft 1030 is a long, cylindrical piece that passes through the blind flange to access the chamber 1050. It is used to support and rotate the impeller 1040 with its attached end blades 1045 during the mixing process.
  • the end blades 1045 are the parts that are immersed, partially or completely, in the fluids inside the chamber 1050 and is responsible for agitating and mixing the fluid and gas in the chamber 1050.
  • chamber 1050 contains water 1055 in a lower portion thereof.
  • a gas 1057 which can include hydrogen and other gases, collects in the empty space left at the top of the chamber 1050 once hydrogen gas has been introduced into the device.
  • This gas-containing portion of chamber 1050 is an important component of the implosion tank and plays several important roles.
  • the space can serve as an expansion space that allows the gas in the device to expand as the temperature and pressure within the device change during operation, thus preventing the internal pressure of the tank from becoming excessive.
  • the space also allows for homogeneous mixing between the liquid and the gas, and can result in an increase of the solubility of the gas in the water due to the implosion process.
  • the presence of the gas-containing portion of chamber 1050 can act as a buffer, maintaining the pressure relatively stable within the device even when gas is withdrawn from the tank.
  • the upper zone includes gas 1057, which includes hydrogen. Gas collects in the empty space left at the top of the chamber 1050 once hydrogen gas has been introduced into the device.
  • the lower zone is the liquid zone containing liquid 1055, which includes water.
  • the liquid zone usually occupies most of the space in the mixing chamber 1050 before the agitation process begins.
  • the liquid acts as the medium in which other components, such as hydrogen gas in this case, and any desired minerals or additives, will dissolve or mix.
  • the hydrogen gas is introduced into the mixing chamber 1050and separated from the liquid due to its lower density and gaseous behavior.
  • the upper zone represents the gas phase of the mixing process and may occupy a specific part of the mixing chamber 1050, depending on the proportion of hydrogen gas being introduced to be present in the final product.
  • FIG. 29 shows a more detailed view of the interior of the implosion device 1000.
  • the impeller 1040 is a central structure that runs longitudinally through the mixing chamber. It is a robust and resistant structure, designed to withstand the forces generated during the implosion and mixing process. It is equipped with end blades 1045 strategically located along its length, designed to increase the cavitation phenomenon, as well as to generate a turbulent flow in the fluids inside the mixing chamber, promoting a homogeneous mixture.
  • the impeller 1040 traverses the devise, with its end blades 1045 extending from the center toward the walls of the mixing chamber 1050.
  • a mixing and immersion chamber the space inside the device containing liquid 1055 and gas 1057 where the fluid mixing process takes place. It is bounded by the doughnut-shaped walls of the storage tank 1020.
  • the end blades 1045 are submerged, partially or completely, in the fluid inside the mixing chamber, creating an implosion effect in the fluids when rotating. This effect is achieved by generating a rapid rotational motion that causes the fluids to converge toward the center of the chamber.
  • the resulting implosion intensifies the mixing process by creating a high- energy zone in the center of the chamber, where the fluids mix more effectively before being redistributed outward by the end blades 1045.
  • Cavitation bubbles can appear within a fluid when a vortex is generated in a fluid by the action of a rotor (e.g., rotating blade). As these cavitation bubbles encounter the pressure differential created by the vortex along isobaric lines, the cavitation bubbles implode into an elliptical-shaped imploded cavitation bubble.
  • An implosion tank including a vortex-generating device can be used to generate the above-described cavitation and implosion processes.
  • the vortex can generate an environment of microstates, which facilitate cavitation and implosion processes resulting in a localized pressure, calculated to be about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a localized temperature, calculated to be at least 5000 K in the water that facilitates the formation of structured water.
  • the vortex can be created by rotating a vortex-generating system at 3600 rpm, which generates an average linear speed of about 50 m/s of the water in the vortex, and an absolute pressure that is less than 2 kPa. Any of the vortex-generating devices described herein can be used to generate the above-described cavitation and implosion processes.
  • the water structuring module 400 includes a source of hydrogen gas 405, a source of oxygen gas 410, and a source of carbon dioxide gas 415, each of which, through separately controllable valves 420, 421, and 422, respectively, is connected to an implosion tank 430.
  • the water structuring module 400 includes an implosion tank 430 which includes a vortex-producing device that includes a rotating shaft 440 with end blades 445 in the form of a mechanical stirrer that is placed in the implosion tank 430.
  • the rotating shaft 440 with end blades 445 is made of stainless steel.
  • the end blades 445 can have a size and shape configured to produce the desired vortex, and can be selected and arranged depending on the size of the implosion tank 430. Any size and configuration of end blades on a rotating shaft known in the art can be used.
  • the rotating shaft 440 is attached to a motor 470 that can provide energy to rotate the rotating shaft 440.
  • the implosion tank 430 shown in FIG. 30 is U-shaped, which can improve the mixing properties of the product.
  • the implosion tank 430 has a lid 435 that can be opened and/or removed.
  • the lid 435 is a top cover that fits on the implosion tank 430 to prevent the raw material in implosion tank 430 from escaping during mixing and processing, and maintains the desired pressure and temperature conditions within implosion tank 430.
  • Lid 435 can include an access port that allows the addition of other different types of additional raw materials during the process.
  • the implosion tank 430 can be made of food-grade plastic or stainless steel, and can be configured for variable capacity.
  • the vessel can be configured to have a capacity ranging from 0.1 to 50 liters.
  • Implosion tank 430 can include one or more raw material inlets.
  • the vessel can contain four raw material inlets.
  • the one or more inlets can be in a sidewall of implosion tank 430, or can be located in lid 435, or can be located in the bottom of implosion tank 430, or can be included in any combination of these locations.
  • the gas inlets for hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are shown in the sidewall of implosion tank 430, and the inlet 485 from the venturi valve 480 of the bio-elements module 300 is located in the bottom of implosion tank 430.
  • the vessel can contain one or more outlets. In some configurations, the vessel can contain one outlet. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 30, an outlet 490 is located in the sidewall of implosion tank 430.
  • the implosion tank 430 can include one or more sensors. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 30, the implosion tank 430 incudes sensors 450 and 460.
  • the sensors can be level sensors, electrical conductivity sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or any combination thereof.
  • a level sensor reading of the implosion tank can be taken, if it does not read full, the inlet pump can be turned on or the bypass valve can be opened, and the injector valve is opened.
  • An electrical conductivity sensor reading can be checked to make certain it is in a targeted range. Once the level sensor reads full, the inlet pump or the bypass valve is closed, the injector valve is closed and the agitator of the implosion system is activated for the targeted duration of time, which can depend on the size of the implosion tank and amount of water within the vessel.
  • the motor 470 engages with the rotating shaft 440 with end blades 445 to rotate rotating shaft 440 to move the material inside the implosion tank 430. Sufficient energy is provided by the motor 470 to rotating shaft 440 with end blades 445 to create a large amount of non-laminar vortices in the water, which generate small vapor bubbles in the water, resulting in cavitation and implosion processes. This creates a highly energetic environment in the liquid, which can generate extreme conditions of localized pressure and temperature in the water, up to 1 GPa and 5000 K, respectively.
  • the range of energy supplied to the fluid can vary from about 1 ,000 kJ to 60,000 kJ.
  • the output of this process is structured water.
  • the structured water comprises a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules and including a central hollow lumen, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, and when viewed from a top, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape.
  • FIGS. 8 A and 8B Adjacent water molecules are arranged in a hexagonal arrangement, and multiple planes of this hexagonal arrangement of the water molecules are connected via hydrogen bridges to form the three-dimensional helical cage structure shown in FIG. 8A.
  • FIG. 8B is a top view of the arrangement of the water molecules shown in FIG. 8A.
  • This three-dimensional helical cage structure is created by the cavitation and implosion processes.
  • a density of the structured water can be about 1.5 to about 5 times a density of standard water.
  • the molecular gas system valve can be activated to inject gas into the structured water. This injection can be done in a single jet or in several shots.
  • the structured water generator can include a conicalshaped (or spiral- shaped) container or tank having an input opening, to receive the material from the bio-elements module 300 and one or more of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, or carbon dioxide gas.
  • the conical-shaped container can include a shaft that includes blades, and may be connected to a motor that rotates at high revolutions to generate a vortex, which allows the water to produce the phenomenon of cavitation and consequently an implosion of each bubble generated in the conical-shaped container to produce the structured water.
  • the structured water generator can include the implosion tank 1000 as described herein.
  • the cavitation/implosion may continuously occur in the nucleus of the vortex, indicating a strong correlation between said cavitation/implosion and vortex dynamics.
  • the stretching of the vortex may be the dominant factor, responsible for the growth of the vortex and the elliptical shape of the cavitation ring.
  • the dilation term could produce enhancement or suppression of local vorticity, depending on the volumetric variation induced by cavitation and, during the implosion stage, the bubbles create baroclinic vorticity and contribute to three-dimensional vorticity.
  • the exposure to cavitation and/or implosion homogenize the mix.
  • the periodic functioning of the implosion structure together with the temporal evolution of large eddies, vorticity may be separated into, for example, the following 9 stages : initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision, implosion and water restructuring.
  • the linear flow rate necessary to start the water restructuring process may be in the range between 30 m/s to 300 m/s.
  • the vortex generator may be configured to rotate at, for example, 3600 rpm to generate an average linear speed of water of about 30 m/s to about 60 m/s, and preferably 50 m/s. Further, the vortex generator may be configured to maintain an internal pressure that is less than 2 kPa absolute. In another embodiment, the vortex generator may be configured to generate an average linear speed of water at 10 m/s, and may be configured to maintain an internal pressure of 45 psi. In one embodiment, the structured water generator may structurize the water received from the bio-elements module. The cavitation and implosion tank improves the structural properties of the water that feeds the plants.
  • the linear speeds reached by the system can be about 30 m/s to about 60 m/s.
  • the potential energy contained in vapor cavitation can be converted into local surface impact power and an acoustic pressure signature caused by the violent collapse of these cavities in a liquid.
  • Analytical considerations show that the potential energy of the cavity is first converted to kinetic energy in the surrounding liquid and focused in space before conversion to shock wave energy takes place.
  • the formulation shows an energy approach is based on a Eulerian representation of the flow. Once this happens, there is a process of growth and collapse of pre-existing microbubbles that are characterized by the dynamics of the oscillations and the maximum temperatures and pressures reached when they collapse. Bubble growth in a multi-bubble system involves two processes, rectified diffusion and bubble coalescence.
  • the most important variables for the implosion system are surface tension, sensible and latent heat of the fluid, vapor pressure, density and speed of sound in the medium.
  • a motor that gives energy to the system and improves the homogeneity of the mixture.
  • the structured water includes a 3-D helical structure of polygonal water molecules having a hollow lumen, with dissolved hydrogen gas, minerals and additives.
  • the structured water includes a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, the helical cage structure has a central hollow lumen, and when viewed from a top, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape.
  • the three-dimensional helical cage structure can include a gas, such as molecular hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.
  • the three-dimensional helical cage structure further comprises one or more minerals beneficial for plant growth or health located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.
  • the mineral can be a macro nutrient or a micronutrient or any combination thereof.
  • the three-dimensional helical cage structure can include one or more selected from among potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, sulfur, manganese, sodium, silicon, selenium, and copper.
  • the three-dimensional helical cage structure can include one or more selected from among potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, sulfur, manganese, sodium, silicon, selenium, and copper, and one or more selected from hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, and carbon dioxide gas.
  • the three-dimensional spiral cage structure formed by hydrogen bridging of adjacent molecules based on the energy generated in the cavitation and implosion process creates a channel (hollow lumen), which can trap various components therein.
  • the water can retain the components, such as hydrogen molecules, oxygen molecules, CO2 molecules, minerals, additives, and any combination thereof for longer time periods.
  • the hexagonal structures formed by hydrogen bridging between adjacent water molecules results in a stabilized material.
  • the size and structure of various organic metals of exemplary minerals is such that they can be accommodated within the three-dimensional helical cage structure of the structured water.
  • the system described herein provides a nutritive solution with biologically active mineral forms to promote plant growth, as well as to generate the bioremediation of crop soils by including hydrogen that promotes the growth of probiotic organisms and plant development.
  • Hydrogen molecular gas improves abiotic stress properties and plant growth. The mechanism by which hydrogen acts to enhance the above-mentioned characteristics is still being studied. The interactions of the gas with the cell are profound because it is able to diffuse directly through the plasma membrane.
  • Oxygen also can be included within the lumen of the structured water. Providing oxygen to the roots of a plant can increase plant growth and wellbeing. The oxygen can improve nutrient uptake and increase plant resistant to fungal pathogens. Low oxygen levels also can promote overgrowth of soil fungi, so including oxygen in the irrigation water can slow the growth and spread of fungi in the soil.
  • Carbon dioxide also can be included within the lumen of the structured water. Including carbon dioxide in the water can make the water acidic than plain water, which can potentially increase nutrient availability in the soil. New root growth also can be increased in some plants with increased levels of soil CO2. The carbon dioxide in the irrigation water also can be released upon administering to the plant, resulting in localized atmospheric CO2 near the plant, which can have beneficial effects on plant growth, respiration, and photosynthesis.
  • the gas is contained in a cylinder, which has its respective regulation system, which can be connected to a solenoid valve, which allows the control the flow of gas to the implosion tank.
  • the system include hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide tanks.
  • Each gas has its own container, regulation system and control valve. Typically, only one gas will be added at a time, depending on the user needs.
  • FIG 31 depicts a flowchart of an exemplary method 2100 for producing structured water by a water structuring system.
  • the water structuring system performing the method 2100 can utilize any of the systems and components described above or in reference to FIGS. 12-30 to produced structured water.
  • a water structuring system device can receive water via a water supply source.
  • the water supply source can include a condenser, which may generate water from humidity in the atmosphere.
  • the water received via the water supply source can be filtered by a water filtration system.
  • the water from the water supply source can be transferred to a structured water generator.
  • the water also can be transferred to a mixer and/or a mineral reactor (e.g., MgPLUS unit).
  • the water transferred to the structured water generator, mixer, and/or the mineral reactor can be from the water supply source and/or from the water filtration system.
  • the mineral reactor can generate MgO and H2 from the received water.
  • the mixer, the mineral reactor, and/or a gas supply can transfer hydrogen to the structured water generator.
  • the mixer can mix MgO and H received from the mineral reactor with the filtered water received from the water filtration system.
  • the mixer can mix any suitable water with H2 received from a gas supply.
  • the mixer can mix, with any suitable water, MgO and H2 received from the mineral reactor and H2 received from a gas supply.
  • a mineral supply can transfer one or more minerals and/or additives to the structured water generator.
  • the minerals and/or additives can be the same as disclosed in the foregoing disclosure.
  • the structured water generator can generate structured water by inducing cavitation and implosion in the water transferred to the structured water generator.
  • the water can be transferred to the structured water generator from the water received from the water supply source, the water filtration system and/or a fluid mixture can be received from the mixer.
  • the cavitation and agitation/implosion can be generated by a vortex generator of the structured water generator.
  • the vortex generator can be configured to rotate at, for example, 3600 rpm to generate an average linear speed of water of about 30 m/s to about 60 m/s, and preferably 50 m/s.
  • the vortex generator can be configured to maintain an internal pressure that is less than 2 kPa absolute. In another embodiment, the vortex generator can be configured to generate an average linear speed of water at 10 m/s, and can be configured to maintain an internal pressure of 20 psi to 45 psi.
  • the structured water generator can structurize the filtered water received from the water filtration system and/or the fluid mixture received from the mixer. Alternatively, the structured water generator can structurize only the fluid mixture received from the mixer. In one embodiment, structured water generator can structurize any suitable water received from the water supply source, water filtration system, and/or the mixer with one or more minerals received from the mineral supply or with one or more additives.
  • a magnetizer can magnetize the structured water output from the structured water generator.
  • the magnetizer may generate a magnetic field to rearrange the molecules in the structured water to be close to each other to yield a better tasting and longer lasting structured water.
  • a UV filter can disinfect or sterilize the structured water that is magnetized and/or the gas supply can add one or more gases to the structured water that is magnetized.
  • the one or more gases can include oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a combination thereof.
  • a cooling system can cool the structured water that is magnetized to a desired temperature.
  • a dispenser may dispense the structured water that is magnetized to a container.
  • a main control system can automatically or manually facilitate the water structuration method in accordance with the present disclosure, including method 2100.
  • the water structuring systems described herein can include one or more user interfaces.
  • the user interfaces can be a display, knob, button, lever, touchscreen, and/or any other suitable input terminal configured to receive user inputs for initiating the water structuration process of the present disclosure.
  • the main control system can be connected, directly or indirectly, to the components of the water structuring system of the present disclosure to facilitate electrical and mechanical control and/or actuation of the components of the water structuring system for performing the structuring and dispensing of the structured water.
  • the main control system can include one or more processors and instructions executable by the one or more processors that may be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium.
  • a computer and/or processor e.g., automated or manual control of the water structuring system by a control system
  • this disclosure shall also be understood as describing a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, configure and/or cause the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method.
  • Examples of non-transitory computer-readable medium include RAM, ROM, solid-state storage media (e.g., solid state drives), optical storage media (e.g., optical discs), and magnetic storage media (e.g., hard disk drives).
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium may be part of the memory of a computer system or separate from any computer system.
  • a fertilizer is added by the nutrient enhancement module 500, which includes a bioreactor system 505 and an optional NPK tank system 570.
  • the system provided herein includes a module to produce a fertilizer based on a sustainable biomass technology that does not rely on or require urea.
  • the nutrient enhancement module of the system provided herein provides material to the water that acts as a fertilizer when applied to the plant. Any chemical or natural substance that can increase the fertility of the growth medium, whether soil or water, can be considered a fertilizer material.
  • fertilizer materials includes a source of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, or any combination thereof.
  • the fertilizer material can include any substance recognized as a plant nutrient, or recognized or claimed to have value, in promoting plant growth or health.
  • the system includes a bioreactor system that produces a biofertilizer that can be used as the fertilizer material.
  • An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 32, which includes a bioreactor 505 that includes an inlet 502 and outlet 525.
  • the system includes a valve 527 attached to outlet 525 to regulate the amount and/or timing of material release from the bioreactor 505 into the rest of the system.
  • the inlet also can be connected to a pump 501 that can be attached to pipes that can collect excess water from the water dispensing system module 600 to be returned as media for the bioreactor 505.
  • the biofertilizer which is made from bacteria, fungi, plant extracts, organic residues, algae, other microorganisms, or any combination of these, can be included in the water of the system and applied to the plant or growth medium, whether soil or other medium, and can contribute to the balanced nutrition of crops while reducing the contamination caused by application of conventional agrochemicals.
  • the biofertilizer can provide cofactors that promote the growth and development of the plants to which the biofertilizer is applied using the system provided herein, whether by irrigation, drip irrigation, or via hydroponic techniques.
  • the microorganisms in the bioreactor also can transform macro and micronutrients needed by the plant into more bioavailable forms.
  • the bioreactor can include beneficial microorganisms that when delivered to a plant can promote plant development.
  • the biofertilizer can be applied to the soil or plant, contributing to the balanced nutrition of crops and reducing the contamination caused by conventional agrochemicals.
  • the microorganisms used to produce the biofertilizer can synthesize substances that promote plant growth, or improve tolerance to drought stress, salinity, toxic metals and excess of pesticides in plant species, or to prevent and control the negative effect caused by plant pathogens, or any combination of these functions.
  • Biofertilizers are formulations based on organic residues and microorganisms that can be applied to the soil or plant, and can be applied to any vegetative part (seed, leaves, stems and roots). Its functions include solubilizing the nutrients necessary for the plant, increasing the optimal conditions for the development of soil microbiology, balancing soil health in general, and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Biofertilizers are environmentally friendly products and the risks of contamination are low.
  • biofertlizers can provide adequate nutritional requirements to plants, depending on the raw materials used in the production of the product; they can allow the increase of microbiological populations, can provide the conditions for the adequate development of beneficial soil microorganisms, can contribute to the phytosanitary harmonization of crops, can provide diversity to plantations, can balance soil health, can allow the adequate phreatic behavior of the soil, and can improve the physical and chemical conditions of the soils.
  • any microorganism known in the art could be used in the bioreactor to produce the biofertilizer.
  • Exemplary bacterial organisms that could be used to produce the biofertilizer are Azospirilium, Azotobacter, Phosphobacteria, and Rhizobium species.
  • Exemplary bacterial organisms that could be used to produce the biofertilizer are plant growth stimulating fungi such as Trichoderma, mycorrhizal fungi Mycorrhiza such as species of Glomus and Pisolithus, P- solubilizing fungi, and K-solubilizing fungi.
  • Exemplary algal organisms that could be used to produce the biofertilizer are blue green algae (Cyanophyta), such as Anabaena azollae, Nostoc, and Spirulina species, and green algae (Chlorophyta), such as Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus. Certain species of Actinomycetes also could be used to produce the biofertilizer.
  • autotrophic organisms diazotrophs, which are characterized by being able to develop without fixed sources of fixed nitrogen, because they are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen from their metabolism, since they have nitrogenase enzymes. In addition, they are able to carry out processes of synthesis of their food from inorganic matter, among which are the cyanobacteria belonging to the bacterial domain, being prokaryotic organisms.
  • photoautotrophic organisms characterized by being unicellular organisms that possess organelles capable of photosynthesis called chloroplasts. In addition to this characteristic to transform solar energy into biomass, in some cases they also have hydrogenase enzymes which allow them to generate molecular hydrogen as a product of their metabolism.
  • Exemplary diazotrophs are members of genera such as Azo spirillum, Azorhizobium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and phyla cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes.
  • Associative diazotrophs include species from genera such as Azoarcus, Azorhizobium, Azospirillum, Burkholderia, Citrobacter, Cupriavidus, Enterobacter, Frankia, Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and sulfate - reducing bacteria. These can be grown I the bioreactor, alone or in combination with other compatible organisms.
  • a green algae alone or in combination with other microorganisms, is used to produce the biofertilizer.
  • Chlorella vulgaris can be used.
  • Chlorella is a single-celled green microalgae that can grow rapidly and is capable of converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.
  • Chlorella is rich in nutrients and contains a variety of compounds beneficial to plant health, such as molecules rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
  • the microalga Chlorella vulgaris is a genus of unicellular green algae of the phylum Chlorophyta. It is spherical in shape, measuring 2 to 10 pm in diameter, and has no flagellum. It contains the green photosynthesizing pigments chlorophyll-a and - b in its chloroplast. Through photosynthesis it multiplies rapidly, requiring only carbon dioxide, water, sunlight and small amounts of minerals for growth.
  • the microalga contains on a dry weight basis about 45% protein, 20% fat, 20% carbohydrates, 5% fiber, and 10% minerals and vitamins. Some researchers indicate that this organism is able to convert 20% of solar energy into biomass. Its photosynthetic efficiency is believed to allow more protein yield per unit area than any other plant.
  • Algal biomass contains macronutrients, micronutrients, amino acids, amines, carbohydrates, enzymes, growth regulators, proteins, polyamines, and vitamins.
  • the algal biomass produced in the bioreactor can release these compounds into the liquid of the system provided herein to be applied to a plant to promote its growth and health.
  • the algal biomass also can be used as a fertilizer.
  • the biofertilizer can promote crop productivity throughout the plant lifecycle. For example, extracts of Chlorella have been shown to enhance germination of seeds of some plant species.
  • Biofertilizers are formulations based on organic residues and microorganisms that can be applied to the soil or plant, and can be applied to any vegetative part (seed, leaves, stems and roots). Its functions include solubilizing the nutrients necessary for the plant, increasing the optimal conditions for the development of soil microbiology, balancing soil health in general and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
  • Biofertilizers are environmentally friendly products and the risks of contamination are low; they provide adequate nutritional requirements to plants, depending on the raw materials used in the elaboration of the product; they allow the increase of microbiological populations, provide the conditions for the adequate development of beneficial soil microorganisms, contribute to the phytosanitary harmonization of crops, provide diversity to plantations, balance soil health, allow the adequate phreatic behavior of the soil and improve the physical and chemical conditions of the soils (Armenta-Bojorquez et al., Biofertilizantes en El Desarrollo Agricola De Mexico, Ra Ximhai, 6(1): 51-56 (2010)).
  • Autotrophic organisms such the blue green algae and the green algae are able to generate their own food from inorganic matter when provide sufficient quantities of light. Some of the algae species are able to convert 20% of solar energy into biomass when provided the proper nutrients and light irradiance. This nutrient generation and nitrogen generation by the autotrophic organisms in the bioreactor could replace urea, thus minimizing or eliminating the need to apply urea or other nitrogen sources to the crop.
  • Bioreactors are well known in the art (e.g., see U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,409,852 (Redford, 2013); 9,005,918 (Dvorak et al., 2015); 10,041,028 (Sim et al., 218); 10,704,015 (Vozhdayev, 2020); U.S. Pat. App. Pub. Nos. US20090130704 (Gyure, 2009); and Internation Pat. Appl. WO 2007/129327 (Singh el al., 2007)).
  • the size of the bioreactor depends on the extent of the culture, efficiency of the species being grown, and size of the system for which it is to provide a biofertilizer. For the autotrophic organisms, penetration of light into and throughout the bioreactor also is a factor determining the size and design of the reactor.
  • Photobioreactors that are designed according to the kinetics of development of the microorganisms. These consist of biochemical reactors whose purpose is to promote the increase of the biomass of the population of a species, in particular this equipment has the characteristic of generating an optimal environment for the development, through the dosage of substrates necessary according to the stage of development in which they are in.
  • Photobioreactors have clear characteristics in their design, such as control variables like the pH of the culture medium, the concentration of salts, and the amount of light supplied.
  • control variables like the pH of the culture medium, the concentration of salts, and the amount of light supplied.
  • photobioreactors There are different designs of photobioreactors, and they can be configured to operate in batch or continuous culture depending on their purpose in the growth of microorganisms.
  • the bioreactor is sized to provide sufficient biofertilizer through a batch culture, or staged batch culture.
  • Batch reactors can include a vessel, a central agitation system driven by a motor, a pH sensor, and an inlet to control the amount of carbon dioxide prevent, and an outlet that can vent excess carbon dioxide and oxygen.
  • the same type of bioreactor can be used but run as semi-batch or continuous, where some biofertilizer is removed and an equal amount of media is added so that a continuous supply of biofertilizer can be withdrawn at targeted intervals.
  • Large scale vessels can be used to increase the amount of biofertilizer that can be produced on a continuous basis.
  • transparent tube bioreactors can be used for larger volumes of growth media to produce larger amounts of biofertilizer.
  • Transparent tube bioreactors can increase the amount of solar radiance, which can be a limiting factor when scaling up the bioreactors.
  • Such transparent tube bioreactors are known in the art ( ⁇ ?.g., see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,970,166 (Mori, 1990); 8,765,460 (Nordvik et al., 2014); and 10,053,659 (Wyatt et al, 2018)).
  • the reaction vessel in which photosynthesis occurs can be made of a transparent film, tempered glass, acrylic, or other transparent material that exhibits excellent light transmittance.
  • the vessel is configured to include an injector for introducing and/or dispersing carbon dioxide in the growth medium, a mixing apparatus to disperse the carbon dioxide and other nutrients during growth, and an outlet for dispending the algal biomass into the system.
  • the system can include for supporting the bioreactor.
  • the support is configured to have a strength capable of supporting the weight of the bioreactor.
  • FIG. 33 An exemplary example of the bioreactor of the system provided herein is shown in FIG. 33.
  • the bioreactor 505 includes an inlet 510 for introducing the nutrient solution and inoculum at startup, and carbon dioxide and pH adjusters during growth of the algae.
  • the bioreactor also includes an outlet 520 that can be connected to the system to discharge the biofertilizer into the system.
  • the bioreactor 505 includes a rotating shaft 540 with attached blade 550, powered by a mixing motor 530 that rotates the rotating shaft 540.
  • the blade 550 can be selected to be of any size or configuration known in the art.
  • the blade 550 can be selected to produce radial flow, axial flow, or mixed flow.
  • the blade 550 can be a Rushton blade.
  • the blade 550 can be a paddle blade, a propeller blade, or an elephant ear blade. While rotating shaft 540 only shows one blade 550, two or more blades can be included on the shaft, and they can have the same or different sizes, the same or different configurations, and the same or different number of fins 555.
  • the inlet 510 is multipurpose and can serve a function selected from the group consisting of (a) the input of photosynthetic organisms and culture medium, (b) the input of gas containing carbon dioxide, (c) material sampling and (d) gas discharge.
  • the number of inlets can be selected without particular limitation.
  • the outlet 520 can include an outer tube that can be in the form of a hose, which can be made of a stainless steel, a silicone and the like.
  • the amount of carbon dioxide supplied through inlet 510 can be controlled through a flow meter separately provided outside the photosynthetic bioreactor.
  • the carbon dioxide distribution can vary depending on the size or characteristics of the photosynthetic organisms in the photosynthetic bioreactor 505, the size of the inside of the reactor, and the characteristics of an injector that can be included to inject the carbon dioxide into the reactor medium, it is preferable to control the amount of carbon dioxide supplied using the flowmeter.
  • the reactor vessel 560 can be made of a transparent darkened material. This is because, in the case of Chlorella, maximum photosynthetic efficiency can be induced by growing it in a shaded environment.
  • Factors that can be modulated to control the growth of the microorganism to produce biomass useful as a biofertilizer include the liquid medium and the nutrients provided there, the flow of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrogen into the bioreactor, the efflux of oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen out of the bioreactor, the amount of light provided, the radiance of the light, the type of light (direct sunlight, indirect sunlight, shaded sunlight, artificial light), and the circulation within the bioreactor (stirring, directed flow, baffles) that can modulate the distribution of nutrients, gases, and cells within the medium.
  • Control of temperature, nutrient concentration, pH, and light intensity can be critical factors in thesuccessful cultivation of Chlorella in a bioreactor. Modifying these parameters can adjust cell growth and the quantity and quality of biomass produced. Control of microbial or fungal contamination during algal growth also is a factor in the successful production of the biofertilizer. The selection of strain of algae also can be used to produce a desired quality or characteristic in the biofertilizer produced.
  • Chlorella vulgaris strains are available from culture centers, such as the American Type Culture Collection and the Canadian Phycological Culture Centre. Special strains also are being developed (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2010/0021968 (Hu et al., 2010); International Pat. App. W02023/043063 (2023)).
  • the cultured medium exiting the bioreactor can be fed to a venturi valve to be mixed with the structured water of the system.
  • a cell disruptor can be included between the outlet of the bioreactor and the venturi valve of the system.
  • the cell disruptor can break up at least a portion of the cells in the biofertilizer output from the bioreactor so that intercellular material can be made more readily available when the biofertilizer is applied to the plant.
  • the cell disruptor can use a mechanical treatment to physically disrupt at least some of the cell walls of the cultured microorganism. Any cell disruptor known in the art can be included in the system.
  • the cell disruptor can include a static in-line mixer, a dynamic in-line mixer, an in-line high speed mixer, a high shear in-line homogenizer, or any combination thereof. hr some configurations, excess water delivered to a plant, for example by a dripping spiral configuration, can be recycled back to the bioreactor for use as the culture medium, or as the replacement fluid in a semi-batch or continuous culture configuration. The water can be monitored for pH and adjusted prior to return to the bioreactor.
  • the nutrient enhancement module 500 of the system provided herein can include an optional NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) tank system 570.
  • the NPK tank can serve as an auxiliary system to the bioreactor to provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when these elements are in high demand by the plants.
  • the tank can be made of different materials such as plastic, metal or glass, and can have different sizes and shapes according to the need of the crop.
  • the tank contains a mixture of NPK nutrients.
  • the mixture can be in dry form, and the tank can include a water source that can dissolve the dry mixture into a fluid that can be sent through a valve into a venturi valve to be mixed with the structured water of the system.
  • the mixture can be in the form of a solution, that when needed, can flow from the tank through a valve into a venturi valve to be mixed with the structured water of the system.
  • the NPK nutrients are in proper ratios to meet plant demands to ensure healthy and optimal plant growth.
  • the nitrogen component can include urea phosphate and/or ammonium phosphate, both of which can provide both nitrogen and the phosphorus component.
  • the potassium component can include potassium chloride.
  • the nitrogen component can promote vegetative growth and leaf production.
  • the phosphorus component can promote flowers and fruit.
  • the potassium component helps plants process nutrients more efficiently and can improve fruit and seed quality.
  • Different ratios of these components can be used to promote different plant functionality during the plant life cycle. For example, to promote flowering, a 3-1-3, 6-2-4, or 9-3-6 NPK can be used. To promote root growth, 1-2-1 can be used. To promote fruiting, 1-1-2, 1-2-2, or 2-1-2 can be used. To promote leaf growth, 2-1-1 and 3-1-1 can be used. These ratios are generalized guidelines, and different ratios can be used depending on the plant, soil type, watering conditions, temperature zone, and other conditions.
  • the NPK tank system 570 can include a vessel 580 that is covered by lid 585.
  • An outlet 587 is connected to a valve 590, which isolates the NPK tank system 570 from the rest of the system.
  • the NPK tank system 570 can include sensors and control programming that enables the tank to be activated so that a solution containing the NPK material can be introduced to the system provided herein.
  • the tank can have a pH monitor and EC (electrical conductivity) control system to ensure that the nutrient solution has the ideal conditions for plant growth.
  • the NPK tank includes a valve that isolates the NPK tank from the rest of the system, as the NPK tank is only used when strictly necessary.
  • the bioreactor typically will provide all of the plant’ s nutrient requires, include nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus.
  • the irrigation water leaving the nutrient enhancement module is bio-structured water (structured water that includes minerals, a gas such as hydrogen, oxygen, or carbon dioxide, and a biofertilizer or an NPK solution or a combination thereof).
  • the water distribution system controls the flow of the bio-structured water to the crops (plants) for irrigation.
  • the water distribution system comprises the NRV (nonreturn valve) 610, pump 620, and the illustrated system components therebetween.
  • the NRV 610 receives the bio- structured water from the implosion tank (430), the bioreactor (505) and/or the NPK tank (570) via Venturi injectors (650, 660).
  • Pump 620 pumps the water from via the micro-irrigation system returns 630 to the bioreactor (505).
  • the irrigation system can include one or a combination of delivery methods.
  • a hydroponic delivery system 602 an aeroponic delivery system, and a drip irrigation system 606.
  • Surface irrigation has been, and still is widely used in agriculture. It is an extremely inefficient irrigation method. For example, with surface irrigation, it is not uncommon to lose up to 90 percent of the water due to evaporation and/or drainage. In contrast, very little water is lost with micro-irrigation systems, where the water is delivered in a more controlled manner directly to the plants.
  • a micro-irrigation system is used to deliver the bio- structured water directly to (in very close proximity to) the roots of the plants. Even more specifically, the micro-irrigation system according to the exemplary embodiments is a drip micro-irrigation system. Micro-irrigation systems dramatically improve the efficiency of the irrigation process and increases crop productivity.
  • micro-irrigation systems In addition to minimizing water loss, there are many other benefits associated with micro-irrigation systems, compared to surface irrigation systems.
  • One of these benefits relates to cost. Because micro-irrigation systems are highly controlled, and there is minimal loss of water, a lower volume of water is required to irrigate the plants. Less water translates into lower costs. Furthermore, water is delivered under low pressure conditions, which means less energy is required to deliver the water. Less energy also translates into lower costs.
  • Micro-irrigation such as the micro-irrigation systems described herein, help to minimize the costs associated with eliminating and/or minimizing these additional problems associated with surface irrigation.
  • the water distribution system essentially comprises a bio- structured water distribution subsystem and a biostructured water micro-irrigation drip subsystem.
  • the former includes components that monitor and regulate the amount of and flow rate of the bio-structured water, received from the implosion tank (430), the bioreactor (505) and/or the NPK tank (570) and deliver the bio- structured water to the bio- structured water dispensing system module (600).
  • the output of the implosion tank (430) (the function of which is described in detail above), the bioreactor (505) (the function of which is described in detail above) and/or the NPK tank (570) (the function of which is described in detail above) is injected into a main line or conduit through a first venturi 650 valve and a second venturi valve 660.
  • the first venturi valve 650 receives the output of the bioreactor (505) from outlet (520) via a solenoid valve 655 and injects the output of the bioreactor (505) into the output of the implosion tank (430).
  • the second venturi valve 660 receives the output of the NPK tank (570) via a solenoid value 665 and injects the output of the NPK tank (570) into the output of the first venturi valve 650.
  • the second venturi valve 660 then injects the bio-structured water into the main line 640.
  • the bio-structured water that is injected into the main line by the second venturi valve 660 first passes through the NRV 610.
  • the NRV 610 is used to prevent possible contaminants in the main line from flowing back into the other systems.
  • the bio- structured water is pumped further into the main line 640 and towards the micro-irrigation, drip system via pump 670.
  • Pump 670 helps guarantee the required flow of bio-structured water to the micro-irrigation system via a tertiary line, such as a tertiary line 690a to a hydroponic type delivery configuration, or a tertiary line 690b to an aeroponic delivery configuration, or a tertiary line 690c to a drip irrigation delivery configuration.
  • a flow sensor 642 is configured to sense the rate of flow of the bio-structured water through the main line 640. The sensed rate of flow can then be used to make adjustments, for example, to the pump 670 to increase or decrease the rate of flow of the bio- structured water through the main line 640, and/or to the air relief valve 644.
  • Controlling components such as pump 670 and air relief valve 644 as a function of the sensed rate of flow of the bio-structured water can be achieved, as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, by encoding a signal that reflects the rate of flow of the bio-structured water through the main line 640, as sensed by the flow sensor 642. Then, through the use of one or more controllers, control signals based on the encoded signal may be transmitted over a wired or wireless connection to the pump 670 and/or the air relief valve 644 for the purpose of making necessary adjustments.
  • FIG. 1 also illustrates the presence of a secondary line 680.
  • secondary line 680 comprises a number of pressure regulating valves 685. These pressure regulating valves 685 are configured to help decrease the pressure of the biostructured water prior to reaching the plants themselves via tertiary lines 690a, 690b, or 690c.
  • the micro-irrigation drip subsystem comprises one or more tertiary lines 690.
  • FIG. 1 shows three different types of microirrigation configurations, it is likely, though not necessarily, that each deployed system will be of a common type, although operating more than one type in parallel is contemplated herein.
  • the first type (a) represents a hydroponic type micro-irrigation drip configuration
  • the second type (b) represents an aeroponic type micro-irrigation drip configuration
  • the third type (c) represents a spiral delivery micro-irrigation drip system that is placed in the soil at least partially below the surface of the soil to deliver the bio-structured water directly to the roots of each plant.
  • the tertiary line 690c delivers the bio- structured water to the type (c) micro- irrigation drip configuration, i.e., the spiral system. More specifically, what is illustrated are 4 representative spiral systems, each carrying bio- structured water from the tertiary line 690c to the roots of a corresponding plant. As explained above, each spiral tube is positioned so that it is at least partially, if not fully, under the surface of the soil and around the roots of each plant as the plant grows. In accordance with exemplary embodiments described herein, the spiral system is connected to the tertiary line 690c via additional tubing. The flow of the bio-structured water into the tertiary line 690c can be further controlled by one or more valves, for example, valve 695 in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 36 through 48 illustrate various aspects of the spiral system. More specifically, FIG. 36 illustrates a helical or spiral system 1301 having an overall conical shape. The helix or spiral starts near the stem of the plant where it receives the biostructured water from the tertiary line 690c via the aforementioned tubing. The helix or spiral ends at or near the base of the root structure of the plant. Preferably, the helix envelopes all or nearly all of the root structure. As will be discussed in greater detail below, the helix contains openings through which the bio-structured water is dripped into and evenly dispersed through the soil 1302 in relatively small, controlled amounts where it can be absorbed by the plant through its roots.
  • FIG. 37 is a top view of the plant and helix of FIG. 36. Line E in FIG. 37 represents the location of the cross-sectional view shown looking down from above in FIG. 36.
  • FIGS. 38A and 38B show two representative helical systems in accordance with the exemplary embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 38A shows a helical system with only one turn.
  • FIG. 38B shows a helical system with 10 turns. It will be understood that the exemplary embodiments described herein are not limited by the number of turns associated with the helical system. Rather, the number of turns will be dictated by other factors such as the expected size of the root structure.
  • FIG. 39 illustrates a configuration where the plants to be irrigated are in planters (i.e., large pots). It will be understood that whether the plants are in the ground or in planters, for example, in a greenhouse setting as illustrated in FIG. 39, the helical system can be deployed in much the same way as described above. That is, the helical system can be positioned at least in part under the surface of the soil in the pot and around the roots of the plant as the plant grows. Alternatively, the helical system could be incorporated into the wall of the planter itself where the tubing connecting the tertiary line to the helical system can be configured to attach to a connector on the planter.
  • FIG. 40 shows an exemplary embodiment of a short segment 1701 of the helical system structure that surrounds the roots of a plant, such as the helical system illustrated in FIG. 36.
  • FIG. 41 shows a top view of the short segment of FIG. 40, and
  • FIG. 42 shows a cross-section of the short segment taken along line F-F of FIG. 41.
  • FIG. 43 illustrates the bio-structured water 2201 with the minerals therein flowing through the short segment of FIG. 40. More specifically, it can be seen from FIGS. 40-43 that along the helical system there are drip chambers comprising openings 1705 through which the bio-structured water will drip into and through the soil so that it can be absorbed by the roots situation in close proximity to the drip chambers.
  • the drip chambers are configured to avoid the obstruction of the drip system outlet, taking possible solids in the hio-structured water to the bottom of the chamber.
  • FIG. 44 illustrates a top view of the short segment of the helical system structure with a representation of a root 2205 adjacent to the short segment 1701.
  • FIG. 45 is a cross-section of the short segment 1701 of FIG. 44 taken along line E-E illustrating the bio- structured water with minerals 2201 flowing through the short segment 1701, through the openings 1705 in the drip chamber and into the soil 2210 where the root 2205 can absorb the bio- structured water so that the root 2205 contains absorbed bio-structured water 2220.
  • micro-irrigation subsystems 630 there are other possible types of micro-irrigation subsystems 630, aside from the type (c) spiral system.
  • the type (a) micro-irrigation system is intended to represent a hydroponic type micro-irrigation system
  • the type (b) micro-irrigation system is intended to represent an aeroponic type micro-irrigation system. It will be understood that two or more types of systems could be implemented in parallel, or only one type system may be implemented.
  • FIG. 46 illustrates an exemplary holder for use with a micro-irrigation delivery structure for the type (b) aeroponic system.
  • the aeroponic micro-irrigation delivery structure includes a piping system, a misting nozzle, a misting tube and an air supply hose.
  • the misting nozzle is located at or in proximity to the tip of the misting tube, and is responsible for spraying the bio- structured water into small particles to form a cloud of mist.
  • the air supply hose is used to supply fresh air to the misting system and to keep the air flow circulating around the plant roots.
  • the cloud of mist contains the bio-structured water, along with the nutrients, hydrogen in gaseous and diatomic form as well as highly bioavailable minerals.
  • the holder shown in FIG. 46 allows placement of plants in a high density in a small area, and is tiered so that the mist delivered from above can be delivered to all the plants in the holder.
  • a bio-structured water collector is provided, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 , a bio-structured water collector 697.
  • the bio-structured water collector 697 is configured to catch or capture excess biostructured water, along with any surplus fertilizing mix.
  • the excess bio- structured water can then be pumped back to the bioreactor via pump 620.
  • pump 620 may be activated by a signal generated by a level sensor, such as level sensor 699.
  • Level sensor 699 is configured to sense the level of the excess bio-structured water in the type (c) spiral micro-irrigation system. Similar level sensors could be employed to sense the level of excess biostructured in the type (a) hydroponic and type (b) aeroponic micro-irrigation systems.
  • FIGS. 47 and 48 illustrate two views of an exemplary micro-irrigation delivery structure for the type (a) hydroponic system.
  • the roots of each plant are submerged in an aqueous solution containing all the nutrients necessary for their growth.
  • the aqueous solution is the bio- structured water described herein. More specifically, these figures show the exemplary structure comprising a number of main channels.
  • the channels 2510 can be connected by connector 2550 to obtain any desired length of channel.
  • each channel includes a hole into which the roots of the plant can be inserted.
  • the roots of each plant are positioned such that they are directly exposed to the bio- structured water flowing through the channels 2510.
  • the length of and number of main channels may vary.
  • vertical connectors 2540 can be used to allow a parallel configuration between the different channels 2510.
  • eight vertical connectors 2540 on each side of the channels 2510 are used to provide a system of nine parallel channels 2510 (only one of each of which is labeled for clarity).
  • Valves 2520 which can be mechanical and operated manually or via automatic control via a control system, allow the regulation of the flow of bio- structured water flowing through the channels 2510.
  • Other connector joints, including T-shaped connectors and elbow connectors, such as elbow connector 2530, can be used to configure the system into the desired shape or configuration.
  • a number of valves for example, associated with each channel, can be used to manually or automatically regulate the flow of biostructured water into the channels to guarantee a desired, continuous flow to the roots of each plant.
  • This can assure that an adequate amount of bio-structured water, containing a mix of essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium and manganese, along with dilute hydrogen gas and optionally oxygen and/or carbon dioxide, can be delivered to the roots of the plants.
  • Inlet 2560 introduces the bio- structured water into the system.
  • Outlet 2570 allows the excess bio-structured water to exit the system, where it can be directed back to the bioreactor for use.
  • inlet water pressure it will be understood that the inlet water from the water source 115 must be provided and maintained at a sufficient and appropriate water pressure level.
  • pump 130 can be employed to pump the water from the water source 115 to increase the inlet water pressure.
  • solenoid value 120 can be employed to bypass pump 130 and reduce the inlet water pressure.
  • a pressure sensor (not shown) can be employed to sense the inlet water pressure, for example, at 140 in FIG.
  • the water source 115 is illustrated as a reservoir (e.g., a water holding tank or retention pond) to ensure that there is always sufficient water for irrigating the crops.
  • the ultimate source of water may be from any number of sources.
  • control valves 225 As explained, these valves control the water flow into and/or around the various filters 205, 210, 215, 220 and 230.
  • the valves may be controlled manually or, more likely, based on wired or wireless control signals.
  • the control signals may be generated by one or more controllers or processors programmed to generate the control signals based on sensed or measured water quality.
  • Venturi injector for example, Venturi injector 480 illustrated in FIG. 30.
  • Venturi injectors are mechanical devices that can be adjusted by the setting of control valves at the inlet and outlet of the Venturi injector.
  • the pressure differential between the inlet and outlet of the injector causes the contents of, in this case, the bio-elements tank 310 to be sucked into the main line of the Venturi injector. As illustrated in FIG.
  • a nonreturn valve 340 can be placed between the injector and the bio-elements tank to avoid contamination of the contents of bio-elements tank 310.
  • a recirculation loop associated with the bio-elements tank 310. The recirculation is achieved through the use of pump 320, the control of which can be automated at the pump or from a central control. The recirculation loop keeps the solution in movement, guaranteeing a homogeneous mix at all times.
  • the implosion tank 430 which is illustrated in FIG. 30, provides a mixing of the minerals from the bio-elements tank 310 and the filtered water from the filtration module 201 with CO2, O2 and/or H2 gases.
  • the degree to which all of the elements are mixed guarantees a homogeneous mixture and, more importantly, a special molecular structure for the water that retains the molecular hydrogen for longer periods of time.
  • the implosion tank 430 also has a number of control elements.
  • a number of sensors are provided, according to the exemplary embodiments described herein, including sensors 450 and 460, as illustrated in FIG. 30.
  • Sensor 450 can be used to measure the appropriate amount of the bio-elements mix, while a level sensor 460 can be used to avoid liquid overflows.
  • the signals generated by these sensors can be used to control the bioelements mix and the amount of liquid being fed into the implosion tank via Venturi injector 480.
  • the mentioned gases are injected into the implosion tank 430.
  • the gases are contained in cylinders, each of which are controlled by a regulation system which sends control signals to each of the aforementioned solenoid valves 420 to regulate the amount of each gas flowing into the implosion tank 430.
  • FIGS. 1, 32 and 34 there is the water distribution and micro-irrigation scheme.
  • a bioreactor and a NPK tank are installed after the implosion tank.
  • the products of each tank are injected into the main line using Venturi systems, such as Venturi injector 650 and Venturi injector 660 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Venturi systems such as Venturi injector 650 and Venturi injector 660 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • these sensors can be configured to generate control signals that, in turn, may be used to regulate the amount of bio- structured water flowing through the main line, for example, by controlling pump 670, as well as the water pressure.
  • one or more pressure regulating valves can be employed to decrease the pressure of the bio- structured water prior to the water flowing into the tertiary lines of the micro-irrigation system(s) 690.
  • each of the one or more tertiary lines that carry the bio-structured water to the plants can have the amount of water and the pressure of the water regulated by a valve(s), for example, valve 695 of FIG. 1.
  • the rate of flow and the pressure of the bio-structured water through the main line 640, the secondary line 680 and the one or more tertiary lines 690 can be regulated by the aforementioned sensors, pumps and valves using automation that is controlled by a processor based control system capable of generating signals to properly operate each of these components through wired or wireless communication techniques.
  • Second gas supply module 410 Source of oxygen gas
  • Cooling system 415 Source of carbon dioxide gas
  • Micro-irrigation system return 711 Main control system to the bioreactor system 505 712 Hydrogen generation cell
  • Solenoid valve 761 Housing (or a bracket or frame)

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'irrigation qui comprend : un module d'alimentation en eau ; un module de filtration raccordé au module d'alimentation en eau et en communication fluidique avec celui-ci ; un module de bioéléments raccordé au module de filtration et en communication fluidique avec celui-ci ; un module de structuration d'eau raccordé au module de bioéléments et en communication fluidique avec celui-ci ; un module d'enrichissement en éléments nutritifs raccordé au module de structuration d'eau et en communication fluidique avec celui-ci ; et un module de système de distribution d'eau raccordé au module d'enrichissement en éléments nutritifs et en communication fluidique avec celui-ci. Le module de structuration d'eau produit de l'eau comprenant une structure de cage hélicoïdale tridimensionnelle de molécules d'eau polygonales, les molécules d'eau polygonales comprenant au moins deux molécules d'eau adjacentes reliées par des ponts d'hydrogène, la structure de cage hélicoïdale présentant une lumière centrale creuse et, vue d'en haut, la structure de cage hélicoïdale présentant une forme hexagonale. L'eau structurée transporte des éléments nutritifs à la plante.
PCT/US2024/028649 2023-05-09 2024-05-09 Système et procédé de transformation d'eau d'irrigation en eau enrichie, structurée et hydrogénée Pending WO2024233820A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202363465104P 2023-05-09 2023-05-09
US63/465,104 2023-05-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024233820A1 true WO2024233820A1 (fr) 2024-11-14

Family

ID=91376841

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2024/028649 Pending WO2024233820A1 (fr) 2023-05-09 2024-05-09 Système et procédé de transformation d'eau d'irrigation en eau enrichie, structurée et hydrogénée

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2024233820A1 (fr)

Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3380393A (en) 1966-03-21 1968-04-30 Nielsen Adolph Variable venturi injector
US4671215A (en) 1985-04-16 1987-06-09 Waechter Kenneth F Liquid injection system with venturi injector
US4970166A (en) 1986-07-03 1990-11-13 Kei Mori Bioreactor having a gas exchanger
US5494538A (en) 1994-01-14 1996-02-27 Magnic International, Inc. Magnesium alloy for hydrogen production
US6192911B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2001-02-27 Ronald L. Barnes Venturi injector with self-adjusting port
US7198254B2 (en) * 1999-10-26 2007-04-03 Aquaphotonics, Inc. System for producing micro-cluster liquids
WO2007129327A1 (fr) 2006-05-08 2007-11-15 Abhishek Narain Singh Photobioréacteur destiné à cultiver et à recueillir une biomasse et son procédé
US20090130704A1 (en) 2003-11-13 2009-05-21 Gyure Dale C Novel bioreactor
US20100021968A1 (en) 2006-05-12 2010-01-28 Arizona Board of Regents, a body corporate of the state of Arizona acting for and on behalf of Novel chlorella species and uses therefor
JP2011088050A (ja) * 2009-10-21 2011-05-06 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 生物活性水、生物活性水製造装置、生物活性化方法
US8409852B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2013-04-02 Daniel S. Redford Aquatic-based microalgae production apparatus
US8765460B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2014-07-01 Atle B. Nordvik Photobioreactor system for mass production of microorganisms
US9005918B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2015-04-14 Dvo, Inc. Algae bioreactor, system and process
US20180132434A1 (en) * 2016-11-15 2018-05-17 Land Green And Technology Co., Ltd. Method and system for capable of selecting optimal plant cultivation method
US10041028B2 (en) 2010-01-20 2018-08-07 Sungkyunkwan University Foundation For Corporation Collaboration Photobioreactor made of a transparent film
US10053659B2 (en) 2013-02-26 2018-08-21 Heliae Development Llc Modular tubular bioreactor
WO2019071279A1 (fr) * 2017-10-03 2019-04-11 Clean Air Nurseries Intellectual Property Holdings (Pty) Ltd Système et procédé de traitement de l'eau
JP2019519206A (ja) * 2016-05-02 2019-07-11 ベク グァンソン 抗酸化水を含む栄養剤、及びその栄養剤で植物栽培用、動物飼育用又は魚類養殖用の給水を製造する方法
US10704015B2 (en) 2012-03-19 2020-07-07 Georgiy V. Vozhdayev Photo-bioreactor for mass production of photosynthetic organisms
WO2022177972A1 (fr) * 2021-02-17 2022-08-25 Revol Greens Gbc Systèmes et procédés de culture hydroponique de plantes
WO2023043063A1 (fr) 2021-09-17 2023-03-23 씨제이제일제당 (주) Souche de microalgues possédant un effet favorisant la croissance des plantes et son utilisation

Patent Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3380393A (en) 1966-03-21 1968-04-30 Nielsen Adolph Variable venturi injector
US4671215A (en) 1985-04-16 1987-06-09 Waechter Kenneth F Liquid injection system with venturi injector
US4970166A (en) 1986-07-03 1990-11-13 Kei Mori Bioreactor having a gas exchanger
US5494538A (en) 1994-01-14 1996-02-27 Magnic International, Inc. Magnesium alloy for hydrogen production
US6192911B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2001-02-27 Ronald L. Barnes Venturi injector with self-adjusting port
US7198254B2 (en) * 1999-10-26 2007-04-03 Aquaphotonics, Inc. System for producing micro-cluster liquids
US20090130704A1 (en) 2003-11-13 2009-05-21 Gyure Dale C Novel bioreactor
WO2007129327A1 (fr) 2006-05-08 2007-11-15 Abhishek Narain Singh Photobioréacteur destiné à cultiver et à recueillir une biomasse et son procédé
US20100021968A1 (en) 2006-05-12 2010-01-28 Arizona Board of Regents, a body corporate of the state of Arizona acting for and on behalf of Novel chlorella species and uses therefor
JP2011088050A (ja) * 2009-10-21 2011-05-06 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 生物活性水、生物活性水製造装置、生物活性化方法
US8765460B2 (en) 2009-12-14 2014-07-01 Atle B. Nordvik Photobioreactor system for mass production of microorganisms
US10041028B2 (en) 2010-01-20 2018-08-07 Sungkyunkwan University Foundation For Corporation Collaboration Photobioreactor made of a transparent film
US9005918B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2015-04-14 Dvo, Inc. Algae bioreactor, system and process
US8409852B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2013-04-02 Daniel S. Redford Aquatic-based microalgae production apparatus
US10704015B2 (en) 2012-03-19 2020-07-07 Georgiy V. Vozhdayev Photo-bioreactor for mass production of photosynthetic organisms
US10053659B2 (en) 2013-02-26 2018-08-21 Heliae Development Llc Modular tubular bioreactor
JP2019519206A (ja) * 2016-05-02 2019-07-11 ベク グァンソン 抗酸化水を含む栄養剤、及びその栄養剤で植物栽培用、動物飼育用又は魚類養殖用の給水を製造する方法
US20180132434A1 (en) * 2016-11-15 2018-05-17 Land Green And Technology Co., Ltd. Method and system for capable of selecting optimal plant cultivation method
WO2019071279A1 (fr) * 2017-10-03 2019-04-11 Clean Air Nurseries Intellectual Property Holdings (Pty) Ltd Système et procédé de traitement de l'eau
WO2022177972A1 (fr) * 2021-02-17 2022-08-25 Revol Greens Gbc Systèmes et procédés de culture hydroponique de plantes
WO2023043063A1 (fr) 2021-09-17 2023-03-23 씨제이제일제당 (주) Souche de microalgues possédant un effet favorisant la croissance des plantes et son utilisation

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ARMENTA- BOJÓRQUEZ ET AL., BIOFERTILIZANTES EN EL DESARROLLO AGRICOLA DE MÉXICO, vol. 6, no. 1, 2010, pages 51 - 56
ARORA SMRITI ET AL: "A comprehensive overview of nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture", JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM NL, vol. 355, 22 June 2022 (2022-06-22), pages 21 - 41, XP087120049, ISSN: 0168-1656, [retrieved on 20220622], DOI: 10.1016/J.JBIOTEC.2022.06.007 *
BERMEJO ET AL., CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 41, no. 4, 2021, pages 457 - 473
KHOJASTEH-MANESH ET AL.: "Evaluation of Cavitation Erosion Intensity in a Microscale Nozzle Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Bubble Dynamic Simulation", J. FLUIDS ENG., vol. 141, no. 6, 4 April 2019 (2019-04-04), pages 14
KUSHCH ET AL.: "Hydrogen-generating compositions based on magnesium", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, vol. 36, no. 1, 2011, pages 1321 - 1325, XP028131075, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.06.115
S. SCHENKET. MELISSARIST. J. C. VAN TERWISGA, THE RELEVANCE OF KINEMATICS FOR CAVITATION IMPLOSION LOADS PHYSICS OF FLUIDS, vol. 31, 2019
SHETTY ET AL.: "A comparative study of hydrogen generation by reaction of ball milled mixture of magnesium powder with two water-soluble salts (NaCl and KCl) in hot water", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, vol. 45, no. 48, 2020, pages 25890 - 25899, XP093144567, ISSN: 0360-3199, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.03.156> DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.03.156

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20250059105A1 (en) Soil enrichment systems and methods
Tan et al. Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultivation using anaerobic digested starch processing wastewater in an airlift circulation photobioreactor
US20200008379A1 (en) Microalgae-based soil inoculating system and methods of use
AU2007336141B2 (en) Electromagnetic bioaccelerator
US20160039693A1 (en) Improved wastewater treatment systems and methods
Romero-Villegas et al. Utilization of centrate for the outdoor production of marine microalgae at the pilot-scale in raceway photobioreactors
CN105254367A (zh) 一种用沼液制取滴灌专用肥的方法
El Nadi et al. Desalination using algae ponds under nature Egyptian conditions
Osama et al. Potential of household photobioreactor for algae cultivation
CN101712565A (zh) 沼液转有机肥生产方案及制备方法
CN108713489A (zh) 一种鱼植共生的综合套养循环养殖模式及方法
CN204981679U (zh) 一种应用蔬菜废弃物生产多元水溶性有机碳肥的装置
WO2024233820A1 (fr) Système et procédé de transformation d&#39;eau d&#39;irrigation en eau enrichie, structurée et hydrogénée
AU2020223331B2 (en) Microalgae-based soil inoculating system and methods of use
CN207987192U (zh) 生物肥发酵系统
DE102012215476B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur gezielten Einspeisung von Gasen oder Gasgemischen in eine Fluessigkeit, Suspension oder Emulsion in einem Reaktor
CN205953758U (zh) 新型藻类—活性污泥耦合反应器
CN205821193U (zh) 一种畜禽粪便废水制造有机肥的装置
AU2022429773A1 (en) Processes and systems for preparing and delivering a conditioned aqueous medium to one or more algal growth ponds
WO2019078806A1 (fr) Procédé permettant d&#39;obtenir un biofertilisant organique liquide pour sol et/ou végétaux, biofertilisant et procédés d&#39;utilisation associés
US20210403392A1 (en) Microalgae-based soil non-electric inoculating system and methods of use
CN102641668B (zh) 多气源多功能变相式高能水瞬间制取机组
US20250081908A1 (en) Microalgae-based soil inoculating system and methods of use
Hagendijk Design of an optimal photobioreactor
Ardelean et al. Some biotechnological applications of Cyanobacteria and green microalgae.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 24731140

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2024731140

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2024731140

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20251209