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WO2024231713A1 - Agencement de capteurs acoustiques distribués et système de capteurs acoustiques distribués, système de détection d'intrusion et procédé de détection d'intrusion - Google Patents

Agencement de capteurs acoustiques distribués et système de capteurs acoustiques distribués, système de détection d'intrusion et procédé de détection d'intrusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024231713A1
WO2024231713A1 PCT/IB2023/054736 IB2023054736W WO2024231713A1 WO 2024231713 A1 WO2024231713 A1 WO 2024231713A1 IB 2023054736 W IB2023054736 W IB 2023054736W WO 2024231713 A1 WO2024231713 A1 WO 2024231713A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibre optic
distributed acoustic
arrangement
acoustic sensor
sensor arrangement
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Application number
PCT/IB2023/054736
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English (en)
Inventor
Ian Charles DU TOIT
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Spiderweb Labs Pty Ltd
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Spiderweb Labs Pty Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/IB2023/054736 priority Critical patent/WO2024231713A1/fr
Priority to ZA2023/05064A priority patent/ZA202305064B/en
Publication of WO2024231713A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024231713A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/16—Actuation by interference with mechanical vibrations in air or other fluid
    • G08B13/1654—Actuation by interference with mechanical vibrations in air or other fluid using passive vibration detection systems
    • G08B13/1663—Actuation by interference with mechanical vibrations in air or other fluid using passive vibration detection systems using seismic sensing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G01D5/35361—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using elastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Rayleigh backscattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/22—Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus
    • G01V1/226—Optoseismic systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/181—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/183—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems by interruption of a radiation beam or barrier
    • G08B13/186—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems by interruption of a radiation beam or barrier using light guides, e.g. optical fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a distributed acoustic sensor arrangement (DAS- Arrangement) of the preamble part of claim 1 and respective a distributed acoustic sensor system (DAS-System).
  • DAS-Arrangement distributed acoustic sensor arrangement
  • DAS-System distributed acoustic sensor system
  • the invention specifically is related to an intrusion detection system comprising said DAS-Arrangement or DAS system and a respective method of intrusion detection.
  • Human-wildlife conflict has become a major wildlife management problem. Human wildlife conflict needs to be understood in two ways. One is that of the natural geographical features of animal habitat. And another is the rise in wildlife, migratory pattern of animals, occurrence of stray/isolated animal population, shrink- age/degradation of habitat and corridors, diminution of habitat quality.
  • the responses by the forest Department to the problem include the promotion of preventive and mitigation measures, which are complemented by management actions undertaken by government and its agencies.
  • KR 20160080448 A relates to a device for shielding wild animals from crops.
  • the wild animal defence system includes an unmanned air vehicle that eradicates wild animals trespassing on a farm; a sensor unit that detects wild animals trespassing on a farm; and a centre server that receives a wild animal trespassing signal from the sensor unit and transmits information to the unmanned air vehicle.
  • the system for protecting crops from wild animals is a system for providing data for the preparation of wild animals by not only eradicating wild animals, but also blocking the possibility of approach and statistics on wild animal trespassing.
  • JP 20 09178140 A discloses to include an invasive animal-threatening device capable of detecting, at low cost and with high precision, the invasion and the direction of the invasion of harmful birds/animals with a small unit of detectors, even under conditions such that the invasive direction and/or location of harmful birds/animals cannot be defined for a particular range that wishes to be determined by a specific unit of detectors.
  • the invasive animal-threatening device consists of the following structure and mechanism: a multitude of infrared detectors operating for the detection of infrared rays emitted from harmful birds/animals and, in response, output detection signals are mounted and arranged at the base circumference while the detection views of the multitude of infrared detectors are partially superimposed.
  • Infrared rays are identified by which the arranged infrared ray detectors determine the detection view of the detection views formed in the periphery of the base and thus the direction where the harmful birds/animals are present is determined.
  • Threatening stimulation(s) such as light, sound and (or) odour are (are) also emitted in the direction in which the harmful birds/animals are present.
  • AU 2021 100064 A4 describes a wild life intrusion detection system with an improved technological background, namely empowered with artificial intelligence.
  • the system identifies animals near fence and alarms sound which is unpleasant to the particular species of animals to ensure it stays in its region and thereby being in a secured place.
  • the system uses machine learning algorithms and plays the sounds which is unpleasant to the species respectively.
  • This system ensures safety of animals by continuous monitoring and alarms them from crossing the fence. In case animals crosses the fence respective personnel are also alerted for further action. This should be endured without failure.
  • the preferential failure mode is a sealing failure instead of a structural failure.
  • CN 106 327 759 B discloses a kind of intelligent safety security device for deployment in the pre-intrusion of the unattended operation transformer station, because, when the camera arrives at the station wall, the distance from the tower bar of the intrusion object of the high-altitude intrusion object divides the monitoring range.
  • a farm facility may already has security measures as mentioned above in place, possibly including cameras monitoring for easy access points, fencing around the perimeters with gate-controlled access and even unmanned air vehicle technology. Whilst these measures are relatively effective deterrents, they still do not offer a truly preventative measure in view of the areas are just too large to keep all intruders out.
  • Time- or Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks are known in the art from a scientific approach as e.g. can be found in: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineerina/rayleiah- backscatterina
  • a Rayleigh scattering distributed disturbance sensor is based on OTDR with a coherent laser pulse along the optical fibre.
  • the changes of Rayleigh backscattering amplitude represent a disturbance or a vibration along the fibre. Therefore, DDS is used mainly for event detection and does not provide quantitative measurements, such as the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the disturbance.
  • COTDR coherent optical time-domain reflectometry
  • DAS distributed acoustic sensing
  • the rapidly evolving DAS fibre optic sensor can be used for downhole monitoring and geophysical surveillance with advantages in acoustic sensing and imaging applications.
  • DAS can perform highly sensitive and fast quantitative measurements of acoustic perturbation (phase, frequency, and amplitude over wide dynamics range) of an optical field scattered along the optical fibre with fine spatial resolution.
  • Some novel particular apparatuses and methods of DAS have addressed utilization under harsh conditions.
  • the maximum measuring range of DAS is around 40-50 km, considering the attenuation of optical fibre and input coherent pulse power.
  • spatial resolution and maximum measuring range There is a trade-off between spatial resolution and maximum measuring range. For a long measuring range, such as a pipeline, DAS can give 10 m resolution as a typical value.
  • the DAS has the advantage that acoustic fields digitally record up to tens of kilohertz for kilometers of measurement range, which is a benefit for fast respond sensor with high frequency.
  • EP 2 097 880 B1 discloses an intrusion detection system for monitoring a premises includes at least one optical cable that houses at least one optical fibre and extends about the premises.
  • Optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) means is operably coupled to opposite first and second ends of the at least one optical fibre.
  • the OTDR means includes first signal processing circuitry that analyzes the backscatter signal received via the first end of the at least one optical fibre in order to detect an intrusion of the premises, and second signal processing circuitry that analyzes the backscatter signal received via the second end of the at least one optical fibre in order to detect an intrusion of the premises.
  • the redundancy of intrusions decisions made by the first and second signal processing circuitry can be verified.
  • the system preferably further includes means for detecting a break in the at least one fibre, for identifying location of the break, for outputting to a user the location of the break, and for raising an alarm indicating the break.
  • WO 2022/140487 A1 discloses aspects of an unsupervised context encoderbased fibre sensing method that detects anomalous vibrations proximate to a sensor fibre that is part of a distributed fibre optic sensing system (DFOS) such that damage to the sensor fibre by activities producing and anomalous vibrations are preventable.
  • our method requires only normal data streams and a machine learning based operation is utilized to analyze the sensing data and report abnormal events related to construction or other fibre-threatening activities in real-time.
  • a machine learning algorithm is based on waterfall image in painting by context encoder and is self-trained in an end-to-end manner and extended every time the DFOS sensor fibre is optically connected to a new route. Accordingly, our inventive method and system it is much easier to deploy as compared to supervised methods of the prior art.
  • WO2013/1 14135 A2 describes methods and apparatus for control of transport networks, especially rail networks.
  • the method involves monitoring at least part of the rail network by performing distributed acoustic sensing on one or more optical fibres deployed along the path of the network to provide a multitude of acoustic sensing portions.
  • the signals detected by the multitude of acoustic sensing portions are analysed to detect acoustic signals associated with trains moving on the network.
  • the signals are analysed to identifying the front and rear of said trains and to track the movement of trains on the network.
  • Indentifying the front and rear of a train may involve identifying the start/end of a continuous acoustic signal generated by the train and/or identifying characteristic signatures generated by the wheelsets of the train.
  • the method may be used to provide moving block signalling.
  • DDS distributed disturbance sensing
  • the sensor described therein comprises an optical source for interrogating an optical fibre and a detector and processor arranged to detect any backscattered radiation and determine a measurement signal for a multitude of discrete longitudinal sensing portions of the optical fibre.
  • the processor is also arranged to analyse the measurement signals to identify signals corresponding to the same acoustic wave arriving at different parts of the fibre and determine from the time of arrival of said acoustic wave the direction and/or distance of the origin of said acoustic wave from the optical fibre.
  • the geometry of the fibre may be arranged to ensure that any positional ambiguity can be resolved and the use of multiple fibres is disclosed. Therein a geometry is described wherein the spacing of two fibres may be dictated partly by the environment in which the fibre are deployed.
  • first and second optical fibre are too close together it may not be possible to distinctly identify the time of arrival at each fibre due to noise and/or measurement error. However if the fibres are too far apart it may be difficult to correlate the acoustic signals between the different fibres. A separation of the order of 0.5m or more, say up to a few metres may be desirable for some applications.
  • a use of two laterally separated optical fibres therefore allows the lateral offset of the origin of the source of the acoustic wave disturbance to be detected at least in a limited range. Still, as mentioned above this may not be sufficient for many applications. In some applications e.g. it may be wished to determine the location of the original of an acoustic wave in 3-dimensions and over a wider range and area.
  • the fibres may be located running vertically and the location of an acoustic event may need to be determined in 3-dimensions, i.e. how far along the fibre and also the location of the origin in two lateral directions. Even when in principle this could be achieved by adding an additional fibre which is not linear with the other two fibres, still, therein the analysis of the first and second optical fibre signaling is limited and puts limitations on the arrangement thereof when approaching the problem with the prior art; further the application in the technical field as stated in the introduction is questionable.
  • AOS acousto-optic principle for sensing
  • AOM even modulation
  • most devices of AOS or AOM implement bulk devices, there are also compact fiber-coupled versions. Light from the input fiber can be collimated, then sent through the modulator crystal and finally focused into the output fiber.
  • integrated-optical devices containing one or more acousto-optic modulators on a chip Such devices can be used in many ways, e.g. as tunable optical filters or optical switches.
  • a fibre as such can be used by means of an acousto-optic principle for sensing (AOS).
  • a part of the fibre material establishes as such a sensing means in terms of a sensor.
  • a fibre optic sensor arrangement is not limited to but in particular refers to an arrangement of unspecified parts of the fibre material as such to thereby provide an arrangement of sensing means in terms of an arrangement of sensors; i.e. the fiber as such functions as an arrangement of sensors, when light is fed and received from the fibre in a dedicated manner.
  • respective sensors are hereinafter referred to as fibre sensors.
  • That disturbance may result in some kind of medium disturbance structure -if not a diffraction grating or cell, but still some kind of scattering center or the like present in or generated by the sound or seismic wave in the fibre, at which light is partially diffracted, reflected or scattered or otherwise affected be that it may in frequency, phase or amplitude.
  • One of these principles is known and preferred as Rayleigh scattering; others are generally known as Brillouin -scattering or the like.
  • these and other principles like in particular the above mentioned principles are broadly and without limitation are referred to as an acoustic fibre sensing.
  • the arrangement, system and method shall preferably be based on an integrated distributed acoustic fibre sensing, i.e. based on applying any suitable principle of acousto-optic sensing with a fibre based implementation of generally a sensing means in broad terms to apply for seismic surveying.
  • the fibre based acoustic sensor arrangement, system and method to apply for seismic surveying shall not be limited to, but preferably is based on, the principles of above mentioned as such known as DAS.
  • the arrangement, system and method shall preferably provide a dedicated structure and spatial reach with an improved analysis of the signals from the fibre based acoustic sensing, in particular analysis of the DAS.
  • a DAS system should preferably be based on a proper fibre sensor of improved acoustic disturbance sensing.
  • the acoustic sensor arrangement and system and method in a particular development preferably can be based on an elaborated distributed acoustic disturbance sensing like being based on a COTDR technique rather than an OTDR technique.
  • a fibre based acoustic sensor arrangement, system and method, preferably a DAS system should preferably be based on further technical measures for sensing.
  • the acoustic sensor arrangement and system and method should preferably be situated to provide for improved by high-level break down of the operation of an intrusion detection, analysis of the signals provided and the response system and this with prospects to implement innovative technologies based on the currently state of the art.
  • a distributed acoustic sensor arrangement according to claim 1 and a distributed acoustic sensor system according to claim 19, in particular a distributed acousto-optic sensor arrangement (DAS-Arrangement).
  • DAS-Arrangement distributed acousto-optic sensor arrangement
  • the invention starts from a distributed acoustic sensor arrangement, in particular a acousto-optic sensor arrangement, preferably a DAS-Arrangement, the distributed acoustic sensor arrangement comprising:
  • a circulator and interrogator-arrangement in particular with a modulator and converter periphery, for feeding a trigger light of a light source and receiving a backscatter light from the fibre optic sensor arrangement
  • the fibre optic sensor arrangement being arranged as a web of fibre optic sensors, in particular arranged as and/or adapted to function as a grid or net of fibre optic sensors, and wherein
  • a first fibre optic line is adapted to receive a trigger light of a light source and the backscatter light due to acoustic sensing of at least a re spective first seismic probe signal
  • - a second fibre optic line is adapted to receive a trigger light of a light source and backscatter light due to acoustic sensing of at least a respective second seismic probe signal.
  • he circulator and interrogator-arrangement has a signal coupling means
  • the signal coupling means being further adapted for communication of data samples assigned to and generated from the trigger light and/or the backscatter light of at least the first and second fibre optic line with the circulator and interrogator-arrangement, wherein
  • the data samples are provided to the circulator and interrogator-arrangement by the signal coupling means in that to be further processed for providing a spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals.
  • the concept of the invention thus resides in the approach to provide a seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals (rather than analysing possibly correlated items thereof).
  • the web of fibre optic sensors is scalable and extendable in a range up to the needs and purpose of application.
  • a recognition of the seismic probe signals as such, respective the profile and/or the kind of pattern, in particular by machine learning and/or artificial intelligence analysis, results in a confident and reliable core of an intrusion detection system in order to deduce a kind of “finger print” from the profile and/or pattern to identify -in particular by machine learning and/or artificial intelligence analysis- an individual seismic origin, respective intruder on his way “through” the web of fibre optic sensors.
  • a specialized a signal coupling means being further adapted for communication of data samples assigned to and generated from the trigger light and/or the backscatter light of at least the first and second fibre optic line with the circulator and interrogator-arrangement.
  • the signal coupling means has a fibre optic coupler and/or an electronic computing unit for generation of data samples from the web of fibre optic sensors.
  • the signal coupling means is adapted to interrogate not only a single fibre optic line, but many fibre lines.
  • the signal coupling means provides for being connected to multiple fibre optic lines, in particular multiple fibre optic cables.
  • the fibre optic sensor arrangement is a DAS sensor arrangement adapted for seismic surveying, in particular to apply for intrusion detection.
  • samples themselves represent a certain resolution dependent longitudinal distance span of a single fibre optic line, in particular fibre optic cable; i.e. a longitudinal segment of the single fibre optic line e.g. an approximate 8m longitudinal distance span of a single fibre optic line.
  • Each section of a signal response trace i.e. each sample, represents a certain resolution longitudinal distance span, i.e. in this case a longitudinal segment of the single fibre optic line of approximately 8/10m of the physical fibre optic cable.
  • the second seismic probe signal is different from the first seismic probe signal.
  • said longitudinal segments of the single fibre optic line can be considered as individual sensors, whose response is monitored over time; however, the time axis is non-essential as to the intrusion detection.
  • the longitudinal direction setting and the relative lateral distance of the first and second fibre are such that the second seismic probe signal is essentially different from the first seismic probe signal; in other words the first and second seismic probe signals can be considered to be uncorrelated in that they stem from different seismic origins. Instead each section of a signal response trace, i.e.
  • each sample of data is provided to the circulator and interrogator-arrangement, preferably with a modulator and converter periphery, by the fibre optic switch separately in that to be further processed separately (so to say uncorrelated of others) for providing a seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals.
  • the fibre optic switch has a certain predetermined total switching time, preferably in the range of a or some milliseconds (ms). This means every switching time the fibre optic switch of the DAS system can interrogate another fibre optic line.
  • ms milliseconds
  • a cycle in this case refers to the moment, when all the fibre optic lines connected to the fibre optic switch are interrogated once.
  • Each capture of a single fibre optic line together with the respective captures of each of the other fibre optic lines in one cycle is then used to produce a unique, three-dimensional mapping of seismic activity within the region of the multiple fibre optic lines, in particular cables, for that moment.
  • fibre optic coupler being further adapted for communication of the trigger light and the backscatter light of at least the first and second fibre optic line with the circulator and interrogator-arrangement, wherein
  • the data samples are provided to the circulator and interrogator-arrangement by the electronic computing unit.
  • DAS-Arrangement distributed acousto-optic sensor arrangement
  • the fibre optic sensor arrangement comprises a multitude of spatial separated fibre optic lines having at least a first fibre optic line and a second fibre optic line, in particular a first fibre optic cable and a second fibre optic cable, with the first and second fibre optic line being provided in a longitudinal direction setting along an elongated orientation and in a lateral distance setting with the first and second fibre optic line being separated by a relative lateral distance transversal to the elongated orientation, in order to provide a web of DAS-sensors, and wherein
  • the first fibre optic line is adapted to receive a trigger light of a light source and backscatter light due to acoustic sensing (DAS) of at least a respective first seismic probe signal
  • the second fibre optic line is adapted to receive a trigger light of a light source and backscatter light due to acoustic sensing (DAS) of at least a respective second seismic probe signal, wherein the second seismic probe signal is different from the first seismic probe signal.
  • DAS acoustic sensing
  • the circulator and interrogator-arrangement with a modulator and converter periphery has a fibre optic switch
  • the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line are light connected in common to the fibre optic switch, in particular wherein the light connection in common is to a single fibre optic switch, wherein
  • the fibre optic switch is adapted to feed and interrogate the trigger light and the backscatter light to at least the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line of the multitude of spatial separated fibre optic lines connected in common to the fibre optic switch, wherein
  • the fibre optic switch is adapted for interrogation of at least the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line of the multitude of spatial separated fibre optic lines connected in common to the fibre optic switch in a predetermined cycle and with a predetermined switch frequency to switch between at least the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line,
  • the fibre optic switch being further adapted for communication of the trigger light and the backscatter light of at least the first and second fibre optic line with the circulator and interrogator-arrangement, wherein
  • the data samples are provided to the circulator and interrogator-arrangement with a modulator and converter periphery by the fibre optic switch in that to be further processed for providing a spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals.
  • the distributed acoustic sensor arrangement has the signal coupling means being established by the electronic computing unit adapted for communication of data samples assigned to and generated from the trigger light and/or the backscatter light of at least the first and second fibre optic line with the circulator and interrogatorarrangement.
  • the electronic computing unit is adapted for operation of the data samples assigned to and generated from the trigger light and/or the backscatter light of at least the first fibre optic line by means of a first thread of data samples and the second fibre optic by means of a second thread of data samples.
  • a data sample from the data samples is a time resolved data sample, in particular a time resolved data sample assigned to and generated from the trigger light and/or the backscatter light of at least the first and second fibre optic line of the web of fibre optic sensors , in particular for generation of data samples from the web of fibre optic sensors by means of the signal coupling means, preferably the fibre optic coupler and/or the electronic computing unit
  • DAS-System acoustic sensor system
  • the distributed acoustic sensor system (DAS-System) is provided with the distributed acousto-optic sensor arrangement (DAS-Sensor-Arrrangement) as defined hereinbefore and further comprising:
  • a detector and analysis module with an evaluator adapted for evaluating of signals generated from the circulator and interrogator-arrangement from the data samples, wherein the evaluator is adapted to establish an evaluated signal in amplitude and frequency for each of the at least first and second fibre optic line, and/or
  • the detector and analysis module further comprises an event monitor module adapted to generate a spatially resolved event pattern from the evaluated signal and the lateral distance setting and longitudinal direction setting of the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line, in order to provide an at least 3-para- metric spatial signal pattern.
  • the at least 3-parametric signal pattern comprises the amplitude and the frequency and at least a distance value for a DAS-sensor in the web of fibre optic sensors for a spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals.
  • each section of a signal response trace i.e. each sample of data is is transformed by time to frequency transform, like a Fourier Transform, in particular a FFT (Fast Fourier Transform).
  • the time to frequency transform like a Fourier Transform shows the frequency spectrum of the resultant discrete time space signal, i.e. of the sample.
  • the entire set of transformed samples are stacked next to each other in the form of a spectrogram, which shows the spectrum of frequencies over time.
  • this kind or the like spectrogram is provided as a particular preferred form of the spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals.
  • the 3-parametric spatial signal pattern can be preferably seen as a conver- genced set of time to frequency transformed samples stacked next to each other in the form of a spectrogram and thus the frequency response of a segments of a provide result in a descriptive seismic response best analyzed when observed as a spectrogram; the frequency response of these longitudinal segments of a fibre optic line and the related longitudinal segments of the other mutliple fibre optic lines located transversal to said fibre optic line in a lateral distance, but preferably along the same longitudinal direction, and located at the same location provide a preferred result in a descriptive seismic response best analyzed when observed.
  • the data collected by the web system is then used to build predictive machine learning models to identify a specific intruder object from a specific signal of an acoustic response; i.e. to identify a specific seismic activity related therewith. Due to the effectiveness of analyzing the frequency response of the separate segments of the entire fibre length, the frequency response of these segments provide results in a descriptive seismic response best analyzed when observed as a spectrogram.
  • the system makes use of unique optic hardware DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensor) and FOS (Fibre Optic Switch) to build networks of preferably two -in particular at least two, i.e. a multitude of- fibre optic cables.
  • the at least two fibre optic cables, in particular multitude of fibre optic cables act as an array of acoustic sensors as matter of fact due to DAS in a longitudinal direction, i.e. longitudinally along an environmental border line, but also as well in a lateral direction, i.e. transversely to the environmental border line. Which is due to the multitude of fibre optic cables.
  • the objective is achieved in a third aspect by the invention by an intrusion detection system according to claim 24.
  • the Intrusion detection system comprises a distributed acoustic sensor system or DAS-Arrangement as defined hereinbefore, in particular a grid of a number of interconnected distributed acoustic sensor systems or distributed acoustic sensor arrangements as defined hereinbefore.
  • the intrusion detection system comprises:
  • a light source for providing a trigger light for feeding to the fibre optic lines
  • said distributed acoustic sensor system or distributed acoustic sensor arrangement being adapted for arrangement with the elongated orientation at an environmental borderline of a widespread area of an environment, like e.g. an areal environment of a country or a farm or other agricultural or industrial or infrastructural network environment, and wherein the seismic probe signals and/or at least 3-parametric spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals are indicative of intrusion at the environmental borderline of the widespread area of the environment.
  • an array of acoustic sensors is provided extended longitudinally and transversely to the border line by means of the multitude of fibre optic cables along the border line.
  • the network of cables can be placed in any topology that suits the environment and needs of the client.
  • the multitude of fibre optic cables along the border line are arranged in an essentially co-parallel arrangement, wherein a transverse distance between a first and a second fibre optic cable is kept basically constant as seen in a direction along the border line.
  • the objective is achieved in a fourth aspect by the invention by a method of intrusion detection of claim 32 with an intrusion detection system as mentioned hereinbefore.
  • the method of Intrusion detection with an intrusion detection system as defined hereinbefore is adapted for arrangement at an environmental borderline of a widespread area of an environment, like e.g. an areal environment of a country or a farm or other agricultural or industrial or infrastructural network environment or, wherein the method operates the intrusion detection system as defined hereinbefore.
  • an Intrusion detection and response system as described and claimed herein provides a platform for a full-scale security solution with a variety of installation topologies.
  • the system provides Clients/Entities with the ability to empower themselves and their security teams to react to unauthorized access to their domain.
  • the intrusion detection system preferably includes a response system.
  • the response system is an automated response system.
  • the intrusion detection system as described and claimed herein provides primarily an improved system with integrated but not limited to a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS).
  • DAS distributed acoustic sensing
  • the distributed acoustic sensor system is preferably based on an elaborated distributed acoustic disturbance sensing like being based on a COTDR technique and can be supplemented optionally and essentially with being based further on a frequency resolved detection and analysis.
  • the system is supported with an intelligent signal analysis with Al (artificial intelligence) analysis and automated response integration, in particular by unmanned aircrafts or vehicles like drones and the like.
  • Al artificial intelligence
  • the sensors are monitored by Al models which predict whether there is unwanted activity and provides GPS coordinate of the alarm along with what the Al predicts is happening.
  • the GPS and Status information is also sent to the Autonomous response system and the Client.
  • the autonomous response system comprises of a base station and a drone.
  • Both the DAS system and the autonomous response system data is then conveyed to the client through a mobile app.
  • the mobile app also allows clients to schedule missions and routine inspections without the DAS being triggered. It also allows users to visualize what is happening at the alarm locations through the video stream being produced by the UAV.
  • the subject of an Intrusion Detection and Response System as described and claimed herein is built to monitor large land areas at a relatively low cost compared to other security solutions.
  • the system is also designed to integrate into existing security structures already in place and can also be adapted with cameras by running connecting fibres in the same cable.
  • the distributed acoustic sensor and autonomous response unit can be “chained” to one another to potentially reach limitless distances providing a solid security solution for conservation areas, country borders, farms, factories, pipelines, trains, power lines, residential estates, and many others.
  • the distributed acoustic sensor arrangement is adapted for a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) of a plurality of seismic probe signals, when being arranged substantially aligned with the elongated orientation with the relative lateral distance transversal to the elongated orientation.
  • DAS distributed acoustic sensing
  • the distributed acoustic sensor arrangement provides that a data sample from the web of DAS-sensors the fibre optic switch is a time resolved data sample.
  • the first fibre optic line, in particular fibre optic cable is armored and the second fibre optic line, in particular fibre optic cable, is non-armored, and/or - at least one of the multitude of spatial separated fibre optic lines is armored and at least another of multitude of spatial separated fibre optic lines is non-armored.
  • the fibre optic line in particular fibre optic cable, is a solely optic line.
  • the fibre optic switch is adapted to feed the trigger light of a light source to the first and second fibre optic line in a same direction of propagation of light, in particular in a circular same direction of propagation of light, namely not in counter-wise direction, with regard to the relative direction of propagation of light in the first and second fibre optic line.
  • a single data sample of the data samples is indicative of a seismic activity in the area of a distributed acoustic sensor of the web, in particular the area is an area of longitudinal and lateral extent to a the distributed acoustic sensor.
  • said at least distance value for a distributed acoustic sensor in the web of distributed acoustic sensors comprises a longitudinal distance value for the longitudinal direction setting along an elongated orientation and a lateral distance value for the lateral distance setting with the first and second fibre optic line being separated by relative lateral distance transversal to the elongated orientation.
  • the time-resolved evaluator of the detector and analysis module has a topology adapted for intelligent signal processing, comprising:
  • a filter-module adapted to provide the evaluated signal in amplitude and frequency in a time-resolved manner, in particular in a spectrogram (an example shown in FIG.8, FIG.9), and/or
  • the event monitor module of the detector and analysis module further comprises an Al-module to identify a pattern by machine learning and thus adapted to generate a spatially resolved event track from the evaluated signal and the distance setting of the first fibre optic line and a second fibre optic line (an example shown in FIG.12, FIG.13), and/or
  • the detector and analysis module comprises a profiling module to provide a more-dimensional signal pattern for a more-dimensional seismic profile of intrusion at the environmental borderline of the widespread area of the environment (an example shown in FIG.10, FIG. 1 1 ).
  • the event track provides for coordinate, direction and/or speed information, in particular for use in the more-dimensional seismic profile.
  • At least one of the fibre optic lines is below an environmental surface, in particular buried in a ground or sea.
  • At least one of the further fibre optic lines is elevated and/or air-born.
  • the detector and analysis module comprises a threshold observation module, wherein the threshold observation module is adapted to activate an automated response system.
  • the automated response system comprises:
  • the camera inspection module is part of a drone inspection platform wherein the drone inspection platform is activatable by the threshold observation module, in particular wherein the drone inspection platform provides a drone and drone base station for autonomous usage.
  • Intrusion detection system further comprising a service module comprises: a net-interface and/or a man-machine interface, in particular a communication platform adapted for providing a cloud service for loT (Internet of Things), firmware updates and data warehousing and a mobile/web application (UX) for client interactions and system monitoring.
  • a service module comprises: a net-interface and/or a man-machine interface, in particular a communication platform adapted for providing a cloud service for loT (Internet of Things), firmware updates and data warehousing and a mobile/web application (UX) for client interactions and system monitoring.
  • loT Internet of Things
  • UX mobile/web application
  • Intrusion Detection and Response system can be broken down into four distinct parts working together to provide a cost-effective solution for large area perimeter security. These parts are a specialized Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system and topology with intelligent signal processing, a drone and drone base station for autonomous usage and communication, a cloud service for loT (Internet of Things), firmware updates and data warehousing and finally a mobile/web application (UX) for client interactions and system monitoring.
  • DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing
  • UX mobile/web application
  • DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing
  • DAS can be introduced into most current security measures and can monitor ground, fence and air via fibre optic cables.
  • DAS makes use of optoelectronic devices which measure acoustic signals along a length of a fibre optic cable. Externally induced strain or vibration on the fibre optic cable result in perturbations at the specific points along the fibre. These variations in the received light signals, when processed, result in unique patterns which can be used to determine whether there is unexpected activity happening at a specific location.
  • the DAS system On board the DAS system is a central processing unit which is responsible for analysing the signals obtained by the DAS interrogator.
  • the DAS signals are transformed into a spectrogram by a Fast Fourier Transform and pre-processed based on the Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio and the zone type which are all preconfigured at installation.
  • S/N Signal to Noise
  • the data obtained by the DAS is then stored on the local (edge) system and uploaded to the cloud datastore infrastructure cyclically. This data is then used in a MLFIow (Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment for Machine Learning) system which autonomously trains and deploys Models for Machine Learning (ML) from the cloud back to the edge device running in the field.
  • MLFIow Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment for Machine Learning
  • a model for Machine Learning (ML) is used on the processed signals to detect for intrusions and anomalies. If an intrusion is detected the appropriate response is sequenced whether it be alerting the client or group of clients about a high-risk probability of intrusion and the location accurate to approximately 10 meters.
  • the other which makes the DAS system unique is the option is to send a scout drone designed to reach maximum target destinations within reasonable time. These scout drones are equipped with vision systems to stream the video feed to the client, or their security team based on the connectivity available in their area so that they can make their own decisions on what to do depending on the situation.
  • FIG. 1 A a conceptual structure of fibre optic lines being light connected in com -mon to the fibre optic switch of the circulator and interrogatorarrangement with a modulator and converter periphery according to a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 1 B a scheme as to the principle of Rayleigh scattering of trigger light to backscatter light wherein a first seismic probe signal is different from a second seismic probe signal with a first and second fibre optic line being provided in a longitudinal direction setting along an elongated orientation and in a lateral distance setting with the first and second fibre optic line being separated by a relative lateral distance transversal to the elongated orientation according to a preferred embodiment;
  • FIG. 2 a preferred method of intrusion detection with an intrusion detection system
  • FIG. 3 a basic overview of the preferred embodiment of an intrusion detection system (with multiple fibre optic cables and on-site units);
  • FIG. 4A a scheme for high level intrusion alert with direction prediction as an example
  • FIG. 4B a scheme for a low level intrusion alert with direction prediction as an example
  • FIG. 5A a scheme depicting a first component topology in a distributed acoustic sensor system; herein a DAS system;
  • FIG. 5B a scheme depicting the improved component topology in the unique DAS system adaption, wherein multiple fibre optic lines being light connected in common to the fibre optic switch of the circulator and interrogator-arrangement with a modulator and converter periphery according to a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 6 an illustration of a fibre-optic fanout from distributed acoustic sensor system; herein a DAS system, used to increase dis- tance/or spread out radially as an example of extension and scalable aspects of the preferred embodiment;
  • FIG. 7 a scheme to illustrate the functioning of the fibre optic coupler in form of a fibre optic switch in the distributed acoustic sensor -Arrangement according to the preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 8A an illustration of a hoisted fibre topology for a 3-dimensional and three parametric seismic mapping
  • FIG. 8B a diagram showing how a single fibre optic line, in particular cable, provides a fibre optic response from three segments thereof, being parts of multiple segments for establishing multiple sensors in a longitudinal direction;
  • FIG. 9 an example of a resultant spectrogram showing frequency re sponse over time for a given location as point of interest;
  • FIG. 10A an illustration of a multi-cable topology according to a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 10B an illustration of a multiple frequency response of a segment (one sensor of the web) of a fibre optic line or cable for 3 fibre optic cables (as an example of a web of sensors);
  • FIG. 11 an illustration of the effect of combining multiple fibre optic lines or ca bles to form a 3-parametric and 3-dimensional spatial signal pattern, i.e. at least 3-parametric signal pattern comprising the amplitude and the frequency and at least a distance value for a fibre optic sensor in the web of fibre optic sensors for a spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals, wherein in the preferred embodiment the fibre optic sensor is a DAS sensor;
  • FIG. 12A an overview of signal analysis system for said spectrograms in the 3-parametric and 3-dimensional spatial signal pattern of a spatial seis mic profile with an example taken for illustration at a single fibre optic line;
  • FIG. 12B a CNN LSTM architecture of a machine learning analysis with artificial intelligence
  • FIG. 13 an ensemble architecture for two co-dependant fibre optic fibre lines or cables with an example taken for illustration at a first and second fibre optic line;
  • FIG. 14 an illlustration showing various zones of an environmental borderline with an intrusion detection system for arrangement at an environmental borderline of a widespread area of an environment;
  • FIG. 15 an overview to illustrate edge computing
  • FIG. 16 an UAV subsystem diagram. DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
  • DAS-Arrangement distributed acousto-optic sensor arrangement
  • the DAS-Arrangement 1000A, 1000B as shown in detail in Fig. 5A and FIG. 5B respectively is a preferred embodiment of a distributed acoustic sensor arrangement 1000 and comprises a fibre optic sensor arrangement 100.
  • a preferred fibre optic sensor arrangement 100 is shown; this is in detail in the embodiment 100B in FIG. 1 A and FIG. 1 B as a particular preferred embodiment to sense an acoustic signal AS stemming from an acoustic signal’s origin ASO by the fibre optic sensor arrangement 100 as shown in FIG. 1 B.
  • the acoustic signal AS generated by an acoustic signals origin ASO is received at the fibre optic sensor arrangement 100 as a seismic probe signal SPS.
  • the fibre optic sensor arrangement 100 is established by means of a number of fibre optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2 ... 1 LN as shown in FIG. 1 B in detail.
  • the fibre optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2 ... 1 LN are adapted to receive a trigger light of a light source and backscatter light bsLdue to acoustic sensing of a respective seismic probe signal SPS is sensed in response to and with modifying of the trigger light.
  • a circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 with a modulator 300A and converter 300B in a modulator and converter periphery 300 is adapted for feeding trigger light of a light source into the fibre optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2 ... 1 LN and receiving the backscatter light bsL from the fibre optic sensor arrangement 100.
  • FIG. 1A and FIG. 1 B are meant to elucidate in an example the structure of a distributed acousto-optic sensor arrangement (DAS arrangement) 100, 100B, which as a particular preferred embodiment, has a fiber optic switch 10 as depicted therein in the particular preferred embodiment according to the concept of the invention.
  • DAS arrangement distributed acousto-optic sensor arrangement
  • the fibre optic sensor arrangement 100, 100B thus is established as a web of DAS-sensors 1 , which is illustrated at first in FIG. 1 B.
  • the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 with a modulator and converter periphery 300 implements the fibre optic switch 10 which is depicted at first in FIG. 1A.
  • the circulator and interrogator arrangement 200 with modulator and converter periphery 300 is provided as shown in detail in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B herein below.
  • fibre optic switch 10 also can be replaced by any other fibre or optic switch or another kind of fibre optic coupler; thus the fibre optic switch 10 as described below with the particular preferred embodiment is to be considered as a preferred embodiment of a fibre optic coupler in the fibre or adapted to lightcommunication with the fibre; preferably the fibre optic coupler is light-connected to the fibre optic line.
  • the fibre optic coupler in this embodiment is formed as mechanical actuated switch to connect a multitude of fibres sequential to a analyzing unit, which in this embodiment is the circulator and interrogator arrangement 200.
  • the fibre optic sensors are established by the fibre itself.
  • the preferred fibre optic sensor arrangement 100 thus can be adapted to include any kind of fibre optic coupler for generation of data samples from the web of fibre optic sensors.
  • the fibre optic switch 10 or another kind of fibre optic coupler is situated between the circulator and interrogator arrangement 200 and the fibre optic sensor arrangement 100 such that at least a first fibre optic line and a second fibre optic line 1 L1 , 1 L2 - possibly also a third or more fibre optic lines 1 L3- are light-connected in common to the fibre optic switch 10; the light-connection in common facilitates to switch between a multitude of fibres and thus to connect the multitude of fibres sequentially to an analyzing unit, which in this embodiment is the circulator and interrogator arrangement 200.
  • a multitude of fibre optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2, 1 L3 are light-connected in common to the fibre optic switch 10; namely as an example three fibre optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2, 1 L3 are shown as multitude of fibre optic lines 1 Ln comprising at least the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line 1 L1 , 1 L2 as shown in FIG. 1 B.
  • the light connection as mentioned herein before can be established by way of a connector to transmit signal light from the fibre optic line 1 L1 , 1 L2 to a functional light switching element in the fibre optic switch 10; the connectors C1 , C2, C3 as such are in principle known for connecting fibres to another active light switching or light modulating element or fibre optic line.
  • a mechanical actuated switch to connect a multitude of fibres an interfacing element in the switch can be actuated to be positioned such the light can be received or fed by the interfacing element from or to the fibre.
  • the actuation can be performed by a piezo-actuation of a lamellar holding the interfacing element.
  • the fibre optic switch 10 is adapted to feed trigger light, as shown in Fig. 5A and Fig. 5B in the form of amplified pulsed light apL and interrogate backscatter light bsLfrom any of the fibre optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2, 1 L3 of the multitude of fibre optic lines 1 Ln connected in common to the fibre optic switch 10.
  • the multitude of fibre optic lines 1 Ln consists of three fibre optic lines, which are spatial separated and are connected in common to the fibre optic switch 10.
  • the fibre optic switch 10 thus is adapted for interrogation of each of the fibre optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2, 1 L3 ... 1 Ln connected in common to the fibre optic switch 10.
  • the interrogation is accomplished by switching from one fibre optic line 1 Lm to the next fibre optic line 1 Lm+1 as e.g. by the mechanical actuation explained above as an example; unavoidable is a switching time for the switching process itself, which switching time is specific to the specifics of the functional fibre optic switch elements in the fibre optic switch 10.
  • the fibre optic switch 10 switches between at least the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line 1 L1 , 1 L2 from the multitude of a spatial separated fibre optic lines 1 Ln in a predetermined cycle and with a predetermined switch frequency; in the instant embodiment this relates to switching the three fibre optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2, 1 L3 generally the multitude of spatial separated fibre optic lines 1 Ln.
  • the fibre optic switch 10 comprises respective functional, in particular electro-optic, fibre optic switching elements such that the fibre optic lines are interrogated one after another in a predetermined cycle.
  • the cycle so to speak provides in this embodiment a sequence like “1 -2-3, 1 -2-3, 1 -2-3... and so forth” (where each integer assigns a respective one of the three fiber optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2, 1 L3 ...1 Ln).
  • the time to complete the switching of one cycle i.e. switching of all fibre optic lines connected in common to the fibre optic switch (in this embodiment the cycle sequence “1 -2-3”) is more or less predetermined by the sum of switching times of the switch for each switching event and thus subject to the predetermined switch frequency of the fibre optic switch as such.
  • the fibre optic switch 10 is adapted for communication of the trigger light, as shown in Fig. 5A, and Fig. 5B in the form of amplified pulsed light apL from the light source to be fed into each of the fibre optic lines (so to speak the direction from top to left as seen in FIG. 1 A), but also to communicate the backscatter light of each of the fibre optic lines with the circulator and interrogator arrangement (so to speak the direction from left to top as seen in FIG. 1A).
  • the data samples DS communicated from the web of DAS-sensors are provided to the circulator and interrogator arrangement 200 with a modulator and converter periphery 300 by the fibre optic switch 10 in that to be first processed for providing a spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals.
  • FIG. 1 B at least a first and a second fibre optic line 1 L1 , 1 L2 according to a preferred embodiment is shown; the first and second fibre optic line may be part of the three fibre optic lines of FIG. 1 A or generally any kind of multitude of fibre optic lines 1 Ln. Thus, there can be more fibre optic lines as, for instance, shown by the three fibre optic lines in FIG. 1 A. Dependent on the application and situation of use, a multitude of fibre optic lines 1 Ln can be provided - thus, the at least first and second fibre optic lines as shown in FIG. 1 B is only to elucidate the physical principle of Raleigh scattering used to generate backscatter light in a web of fibre optic sensors, in this embodiment DAS sensors.
  • the fibre optic sensor arrangement 100 comprises a multitude of spatial separated fibre optic lines 1 Ln having at least a first fibre optic line and a second fibre optic line as shown in FIG. 1 B, in particular a first fibre optic cable and a second fibre optic cable.
  • the first and second fibre optic line are provided in a longitudinal direction setting along an elongated orientation and in a lateral distance setting with the first and second fibre optic line being separated by a relative lateral distance Dlat transversal to the elongated orientation L, in order to provide a web of DAS-sensors.
  • the web of DAS sensors can be considered with the first and second fibre optic line 1 L1 , 1 L2 being provided in a longitudinal direction setting along an elongated orientation L - each “arrow” shown in one of the fibre optic lines can be considered as being assigned to a segment in the fibre optic line sensible to Raleigh scattering and thus generating back scatter light (as represented by the “arrow”) from a seismic probe signal (as represented by the “wave”-symbol).
  • the first fibre optic line 1 L1 is adapted to receive a trigger light tL of a light source and backscatter light bsL due to acoustic sensing of at least a respective first seismic probe signal
  • the second fibre optic line 1 L2 is adapted to receive a trigger light of a light source and backscatter light due to acoustic sensing (DAS) of at least a respective second seismic probe signal, wherein the second seismic probe signal SPS is different from the first seismic probe signal.
  • DAS acoustic sensing
  • the lateral distance setting with the first and second fibre optic line 1 L1 , 1 L2 provides them separated by a relative lateral distance Dlat transversal to the elongated orientation L as shown in FIG. 1 B.
  • each of the first and second fibre optic lines is separated of such lateral separation that the first seismic probe signal for the first fibre optic line is different from a second seismic probe signal of the second fibre optic line; so to speak the acoustic signal generating a seismic probe signal near the first fibre optic line (as shown in the top of FIG. 1 B) is only sensed by said first fibre optic line due to nearest and sufficient spatial distance between the acoustic signal’s origin ASO and the first fibre optic line.
  • the second fibre optic line (as shown in the bottom of FIG. 1 B) so to say can be in reach to the acoustic signals origin ASO but on particular is meant to be placed too far away from the acoustic signals origin and thus generates no or barely no or only minor backscatter light.
  • the first fibre optic line 1 L1 (at the top of FIG. 1 B) is sensitive to the seismic probe signal from the acoustic signal AS
  • the second fibre optic line (at the bottom of FIG. 1 B) 1 L2 is generally not sensitive to said seismic probe signal from the acoustic signal. Consequently, backscatter light may be generated only in the top shown first fibre optic line of FIG. 1 B.
  • the web of DAS-sensors 1 of the instant invention is meant to be wide spread over a significant range of distances and the evaluation and analysis of the light signals of the web of DAS-sensors is subject to be further processed for providing a spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals.
  • At least one of the fibre optic lines 1 L1 , 1 L2 is formed as a fibre optic cable with an armored cable mantle; it has been shown that this helps for cost reduction and is sufficient to provide a good signal free of a background noise which can also be used to analyze signals from the not-armored fibre optic lines.
  • FIG. 2 in essence shows three steps of a method M2000 of intrusion detection with an intrusion detection system as will be further outlined below.
  • An intruder may be considered as the acoustic signal’s origin ASO and thus generating an acoustic signal AS.
  • the intrusion detection system 3000 as at first shown in FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B can be provided for arrangement at an environmental borderline BL of a widespread area of an environment AE.
  • Such areal environment can be situated in a country or a farm or an agricultural or industrial or intra-structural network environment.
  • the DAS system or DAS arrangement -as will be outlined further below- - is adapted for arrangement with said elongated orientation at the environmental borderline of the widespread area of the environment.
  • a light source for providing a pulse trigger light for feeding to the fibre optic line 1 L1 ...1 LN is provided in the intrusion detection system 3000 besides other module and elements as will be outlined further below.
  • a first step M2001 of the method by means of the fibre optic switch the trigger light is fed to and the backscatter light is respectively interrogated from the fibre optic lines, i.e. with the at least first fibre optic line and second fibre optic line of the multitude of spatial separated fibre optic lines connected in common to the fibre optic switch.
  • data samples DS are generated from the web of fibre optic sensors, in this embodiment DAS sensors, established by the fibre optic lines and the fibre optic switch 10 with interrogation of the at least first and second fibre optic line, namely in that the fibre optic switch in a predetermined cycle and with a predetermined switch frequency switches between the at least first and second fibre optic lines.
  • a third step M2003 said data samples DS are communicated to the circulator and interrogator arrangement 200 with a modulator and converter periphery 300 by the fibre optic switch 10 in that to be further processed for providing a spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals during further processing of the data samples.
  • a detector and analysis module with an evaluator is provided adapted for evaluating of signals generated from said circulator and interrogator arrangement from the data samples, wherein that evaluator is adapted to establish an evaluated signal in amplitude and a frequency for each of the at least first and second fibre optic lines.
  • the detector and analysis module comprises an event monitor module adapted to generate a spatially resolved event pattern from the evaluated signal and the lateral distance setting and longitudinal direction setting of the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line in order to provide an at least three- parametric spatial signal pattern.
  • the at least three-parametric signal pattern then comprises the amplitude and the frequency and at least a distance value for a DAS sensor in the web of DAS sensors for an at least three-parametric spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals.
  • a spectrogram is provided to be further analyzed by some kind of machine analysis to identify an individual fingerprint of an intruder signature or the like seismic individual fingerprint on the spectrogram by means of a spatial seismic profile SP; i.e. a spatial seismic profile SP of the plurality of seismic probe signals SPS of an intruder or other acoustic signal source ASO.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a basic overview of the preferred embodiment of the distributed acousto-optic system (DAS-System) 2000 with multiple fibre optic cables and onsite units, which is specifically adapted for an intrusion detection system comprising the DAS-System 2000, and thus being adapted for arrangement with the elongated orientation at an environmental borderline BL of a widespread area of an environment, like e.g. an areal environment of a country or a farm or other agricultural or industrial or infrastructural network environment, and wherein the seismic probe signals and/or at least 3-parametric spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals are indicative of intrusion at the environmental borderline BL of the widespread area of the environment.
  • DAS-System distributed acousto-optic system
  • DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing
  • the core of the system is the Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system 2000 with the acoustic sensor arrangement 1000 as explained above.
  • DAS can be introduced into most current security measures and can monitor ground, fence and air via fibre optic cables.
  • DAS makes use of optoelectronic devices which measure acoustic signals along a length of a fibre optic cable as an effective interaction of light and acoustic waves which process is also known as “Rayleigh Scattering”.
  • Externally induced strain or vibration on the fibre optic cable results in perturbations at the specific location of a point of interest along the fibre.
  • FIG. 3 depicts the core of the DAS system 2000 comprising a fibre optic sensor arrangement 100, 100B and circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 as is explained with FIG. 1A and FIG. 1 B.
  • the core of the DAS system 2000 thus preferably may comprise a fibre optic sensor arrangement 100, 100B and circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 as will become apparent from the particular preferred embodiment which as is explained with the improved component topology in the unique DAS system in the distributed acoustic sensor system 1000 of FIG. 5B.
  • the core of the DAS system 2000 may also comprise a another fibre optic sensor arrangement 100, 100A and circulator and interrogatorarrangement 200 as will become apparent from the principle embodiment as is explained with the first component topology in the distributed acoustic sensor system of FIG. 5A.
  • a decentral processing unit or units may be provided like e.g. two CPUs as shown on a first and a second side of the fibre optic lines, when the fibre optic lines form lane or a grid.
  • a central processing unit is better suited when the first (PU1 ) and a second (PU2) side of the fibre optic lines 1 Ln evolve in a circle or other kind of loop.
  • the CPU(s) is/are responsible for analyzing the signals obtained by the DAS interrogator DVS.
  • the DAS signals are transformed into a spectrogram by a Fast Fourier Transform and pre-processed based on the Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio and the zone type which are all preconfigured at installation.
  • the data obtained by the DAS is then stored on the local (edge) system and uploaded to the cloud datastore infrastructure cyclically - this is, as shown in FIG. 3 respective Web Servers are provided in data connection to the client.
  • the aforementioned data is then preferably used in a ML-Flow (Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment for Machine Learning) system which autonomously trains and deploys Machine Learning (ML) models from the cloud back to the edge device running in the field.
  • ML Machine Learning
  • the Machine Learning (ML) model is used on the processed signals to detect for intrusions and anomalies. If an intrusion is detected the appropriate response is sequenced whether it be so that they can make their own decisions on what to do depending on the situation alerting the client or group of clients about a high-risk probability of intrusion and the location accurate to approximately 10 meters.
  • the still further module which makes the intrusion detection system of the instant preferred embodiment unique is the option is to send a scout device, i.e. autonomously send a scout device which herein is shown as a Scout Drone.
  • This autonomous process may involve any kind of un-maned scout vehicle device like a wheeled or air borne one.
  • this autonomous process involves a scout drone designed to reach maximum target destinations within reasonable time.
  • These scout drones are equipped with vision systems to stream the video feed to the client, or their security team based on the connectivity available in their area.
  • distributed acoustic sensing is used in an intrusion detection system 3000 comprising a distributed acoustic sensor system 2000 and/or distributed acoustic sensor arrangement 1000 as explained above.
  • This in particular comprises or can be adapted to comprise or to establish a grid of a number of interconnected distributed acoustic systems 2000 and/or distributed acoustic arrangements 1000.
  • An intrusion detection system 3000 comprises:
  • said distributed acoustic sensor system 2000 or distributed acoustic sensor arrangement 1000 being adapted for arrangement with the elongated orientation L at an environmental borderline BL of a widespread area of an environment AE, like e.g. an areal environment of a country or a farm or other agricultural or industrial or infrastructural network environment, and wherein the seismic probe signals SPS and/or at least 3-parametric spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals SPS are indicative of intrusion at the environmental borderline BL of the widespread area of the environment AE.
  • a fibre optic coupler in general.
  • a fibre optic coupler can be provided as the electromechanical fibre optic switch 10 as mentioned before and being claimed as part of or signal-connected to the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 in the distributed acoustic sensor arrangement 1000.
  • Varying cable positioning such as fence line and inside the fence line (underground) provide a wider detection zone which also provide unique characteristics about what is being detected.
  • FIG. 4A shows a possible intrusion which would be detected with a high-level intrusion characteristic.
  • the fence line is the first point of contact and the external vibration being detected then moves onto the interior underground lines there is a high possibility of the vibrations being detected being of interest to a client.
  • Vibrations which first trigger the interior lines and move about harmlessly would have a lower alarm rate as these have a high probability of being farm animals etc.
  • Another characteristic of this topology is the ability to predict the movement direction and speed of the entity disturbing the lines. This is also particularly useful for monitoring roads.
  • DAS Distributed Acoustic Sensing
  • Fibre optic sensors 1 and the like are capable to measure acoustic signals along a length of a fibre optic cable.
  • the DAS is capable to measure acoustic signals AS impacting on the fibre as seismic probe signals SPS with particular high and/or increased sensitivity, when integrated in fibre optic sensor arrangement 100 for a distributed acoustic sensor arrangement 1000 as introduced hereinbefore.
  • This technology can be used in a variety of applications such as temperature, strain, and vibration measurement.
  • DAS can be used as a highly cost-effective monitoring system, which is especially powerful when combined with other security and surveillance systems.
  • the distributed acoustic sensing system according to the preferred embodiment is illustrated in principle in the FIG. 5A and in a particular preferred embodiment in the FIG. 5B and described below.
  • Distributed acoustic sensing works by sending a highly coherent laser light into the fibre. As illustrated in the overview of FIG. 3 small constituency of the light deflects off the microscopic changes in the glass structure backwards. This back- scattering light is known a Raleigh backscattering and can be used to gather information about the temperature and strain at every section along the fibre optic cable.
  • components of a standard DAS System give a standard setup of a DAS system 1000, 1000A.
  • UNL is the Narrow-Linewidth Laser
  • AOM is the Acousto-Optic Modulator
  • EDFA is the Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier
  • Raman is the Raman amplifier
  • PIN is the Pin diode used to convert light signals to voltage signals
  • ADC is the Analog to Digital Converter
  • ASG is the Arbitrary Signal Generator used to produce trigger signals.
  • Narrow-linewidth lasers can be defined as single-frequency lasers that have a particular narrow optical emission spectrum. These lasers are suited to applications like distributed sensing, whether the sensing principle is based on Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, or Brillouin Scattering.
  • Acousto-optic modulators are devices that can be used to modulate the power of a laser beam using an electric drive signal. These devices are based on the photo elastic effect where the refractive index of a material is modified by mechanical strain being applied to it. The mechanical strain is reduced when an acoustic wave is applied to a transparent crystal which in turn generates a strain wave in the crystal thereby altering the refractive index of the crystal. The acoustic power applied to the crystal is how the diffracted optical power is controlled. This can be used as a shutter to generate the nanosecond laser pulses which are required for distributed acoustic sensing.
  • Pulsed EDFA and Raman amplifiers are used to amplify light signal Circulator sends backscattered light to the detector.
  • Another EDFA is used to amplify backscattered light before being passed to a pin diode, where the optical signal is converted to a voltage signal which can be sampled by an analogue to digital converter, (ADC).
  • ADC an analogue to digital converter
  • the kind of DAS system 1000, 1000A as shown in FIG. 5A may comprise a single fibre optic line 1 L of a fibre optic sensor arrangement 100A; also a multitude of fibre optic lines 1 L can be provided in order to provide a fibre optic sensor arrangement 100, 100A with a web of fibre optic sensors 1 . Still therein each single of multitude of fibre optic lines 1 L can be coupled directly to the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 separately and directly.
  • the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 then has a signal coupling means.
  • the signal coupling means in the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 can be further adapted for communication of data samples (DS) assigned to and generated from the trigger light tL and/or the backscatter light bsLof at least the first and second fibre optic line with the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200, wherein the data samples are provided to the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 by the signal coupling means in that to be further processed for providing a spatial seismic profile SP of the plurality of seismic probe signals SPS.
  • DS data samples assigned to and generated from the trigger light tL and/or the backscatter light bsLof at least the first and second fibre optic line with the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200
  • the data samples are provided to the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 by the signal coupling means in that to be further processed for providing a spatial seismic profile SP of the plurality of seismic probe signals
  • the signal coupling means (not shown) can be an electronic coupling module.
  • the signal coupling means thus is established by the electronic computing unit adapted for communication of data samples assigned to and generated from the trigger light and/or the backscatter light of at least the first and second fibre optic line with the circulator and interrogator-arrangement.
  • the electronic computing unit is adapted for operation of the data samples assigned to and generated from the trigger light and/or the backscatter light of at least the first fibre optic line by means of a first thread of data samples and the second fibre optic by means of a second thread of data samples in said electronic computing unit.
  • the unique DAS system adaption- in an improved alternative provides a perimeter intrusion and response system which makes use of a special DAS topology which includes a Fibre Optic Switch.
  • an optical switch 10 or a multitude of optical switches 10 are based on a unique micromechanical / micro-optical concept in the particular preferred embodiment.
  • the fibre optic switch 10 as a preferred embodiment of a coupler together with an electronic computing unit is adapted for generation of data samples from the web of fibre optic sensors 1 .
  • the at least the first fibre optic line 1 L1 and the second fibre optic line 1 L2 and optionally a third fibre optic line 1 L3 or further fibre optic lines are light-signal-connected in common to the fibre optic switch 10.
  • the fibre optic switch or the like or other coupler is adapted for interrogation of at least the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line of the multitude of spatial separated fibre optic lines.
  • the switch 10 is adapted to a switch frequency and/or switch cycle to switch between at least the first fibre optic line 1 L1 and the second fibre optic line 1 L3.Such a fibre optic sensor arrangement 100, 100B provides excellent parameters, high flexibility, and long-term stability for various applications.
  • the switches 10 are available for a broad wavelength range from the ultraviolet to infrared and can be fabricated with practically all possible fibre types.
  • the use of the fibre switch 10 also allows for effective distance increase as well.
  • the range of a DAS system is directly proportional to its price.
  • Using the fibre switch 10 as a center point allows effective range doubling and, in any direction, increasing the ability of cost-effective solutions to reach distances of 70-80 km per unit.
  • FIG. 6 an illustration of a fibre optic fanout from DAS is shown, used to increase distance/or spread out radially.
  • FIG. 5B the embodiment of FIG. 5B is preferred still also the embodiment is included in the inventive concept as has been explained above.
  • the embodiments are meant to illustrate a distributed acoustic sensor arrangement 1000 in general, in particular a acousto-optic sensor arrangement, preferably a DAS-Arrangement.
  • Such a distributed acoustic sensor arrangement 1000 generally -as claimed- comprises:
  • a circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 in particular with a modulator and converter periphery 300, for feeding a trigger light tL of a light source and receiving a backscatter light bsL from the fibre optic sensor arrangement 100,
  • the fibre optic sensor arrangement 100 being arranged as a web of fibre optic sensors 1 , in particular arranged as and/or adapted to function as a grid or net of fibre optic sensors, and wherein
  • a first fibre optic line 1 L1 is adapted to receive a trigger light tL of a light source and the backscatter light bsL due to acoustic sensing of at least a respective first seismic probe signal SPS, and
  • a second fibre optic line 1 L2 is adapted to receive a trigger light of a light source and backscatter light bsL due to acoustic sensing of at least a respective second seismic probe signal SPS.
  • the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 has a signal coupling means
  • the signal coupling means being further adapted for communication of data samples DS assigned to and generated from the trigger light tL and/or the backscatter light bsL of at least the first and second fibre optic line 1 L1 , 1 L2, 1 L3 with the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200, wherein
  • the data samples DS are provided to the circulator and interrogator-arrangement 200 by the signal coupling means in that to be further processed for providing a spatial seismic profile SP of the plurality of seismic probe signals SPS.
  • the coupling means is a fibre optic coupler and the at least the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line are light-signal-connected in common to the fibre optic coupler
  • the fibre optic coupler is preferably a fibre optic switch, in particular wherein the single fibre optic coupler is a single fibre optic switch.
  • FIG. 7 shows a scheme of the fibre optic switch 10 being connected to a multitude of fibre optic lines 1 Ln. Said fibre optic lines are spatially separated and are connected in common to the fibre optic switch as shown on the right hand side of FIG. 7 and as have been specifically described with the herein before description.
  • the optic switch 10 as such has optic (usually electro-optic) switching elements incorporated shown as an arrow which so to speak are adapted to switch between channels 1 to N, wherein each channel is a light channel and thus dedicated to one of the multitude of connected fibre optic lines.
  • optic usually electro-optic
  • trigger light from output light of a laser (preferably with an acousto-optic modulator AOM in combination with an UNL laser as shown in FIG. 5B) can be fed into each of the fibre optic lines in a predetermined cycle and with a predetermined switch frequency dependent on the channel fed in by the fibre optic switch.
  • backscatter light received from each of the fibre optic lines, constituting the web of DAS sensors can be received and read from each of the fibre optic lines in said predetermined cycle and with a predetermined switch frequency according to the switch setting from each of the channels dedicated to each of the multitude of fibres connected in common to the fibre optic switch.
  • the DAS system as shown on the left hand side retrieves from that kind of signal generated from the circulator and interrogator arrangement by way of a capture trigger and A/D conversion (details shown in FIG. 5B) a signal which can be further given by way of a capture car/oscilloscope to a data processing unit as shown in the bottom of FIG. 7.
  • the data processing unit may be part of a detector and analysis module as described above and may be provide in a computer or the like hardware device as shown in Fig. 5B. Namely thereby the data processing unit PU as part of a detector and analysis module is adapted to establish an evaluated signal in amplitude and frequency for each of the at least first and second fibre optic lines.
  • the data processing unit is as part of the detector and analysis module adapted to generate a spatially resolved event pattern from the evaluated signal and the lateral distance setting and longitudinal direction setting of the first fibre optic line and the second fibre optic line in order to provide an at least three-parametric signal pattern, wherein the at least three-parametric signal pattern comprises the amplitude and the frequency and the at least one distance value for a DAS sensor in the web of DAS sensors for an at least three-parametric spatial seismic profile of the plurality of seismic probe signals.
  • FIG. 8B Apparent from FIG. 8B is the general DAS Signal Processing and Data Ingestion as illustrated with the diagram showing how a single fibre optic cables DAS response is segmented into multiple sensors.
  • DAS Signal Processing and Data Ingestion There is a plethora of research done into signal processing and analysis of DAS systems and signals. Many of which stem from traditional and modern acoustic/audio signal analysis methodologies. Most companies and research using DAS system use a similar process.
  • Backscattered light bsLsignals are then converted to voltage signals using a pin diode and sampled by an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) as has been explained with and is shown in FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B and sampled in batches and then streamed as data samples DS into the system for analysis and machine learning (ML) pipeline for intelligent decision making.
  • ADC Analog to Digital Converter
  • the data samples DS themselves represent an approximate 8m span of a single fibre optic cable as shown in FIG. 8B.
  • each section of the response trace of a data sample DS represents approximately 8/10m of the physical fibre optic cable. These sections are then considered as individual sensors 1 , whose response is monitored over time.
  • Each sample of data DS is transformed by a FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) which shows the frequency spectrum of the resultant discrete time space signal as a seismic probe signal SPS.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • the entire set of transformed samples DS are stacked next to each other in the form of a spectrogram as shown in FIG. 9, which shows the spectrum of frequencies over time, so to say a spatial seismic profile SP of the plurality of seismic probe signals SPS.
  • the inventive system utilizes the specialized Fibre optic switch to interrogate not only a single cable, but many cables at a trade-off due to the switching time of the Fibre optic switch.
  • An illustration of a three-cable system is shown in FIG. 10A.
  • FIG. 10A one can see that the single DAS system 2000 is connected to multiple fibre optic cables.
  • the fibre optic switch 10 has a total switching time of approximately 5ms meaning every 5ms the DAS system can interrogate another fibre optic cable.
  • Figure 3 further shows an example of how a section of a single fibre optic cable 100m long is split into multiple smaller segments which each act as an independent sensor.
  • Each capture of the line in one cycle (a cycle in this case refers to the moment when all the connected cables are interrogated once) is then used to produce a unique, three-dimensional mapping of seismic activity within the region of the multiple cables so to say by the spatial seismic profile SP of the plurality of seismic probe signals SPS.
  • the frequency response over time of the three cables over a single segment of the cable (8/10m segment) is shown in FIG. 10B. Taking the difference in the frequency of the seismic activity experienced over time by each individual sensor (8/10m segment of a single cable) and combing it with the other cable segments in the same physical location results in a more robust overview of what is happening at the point of interest.
  • FIG. 11 shows the effect of combining multiple cables to form a 3-parametric spatial signal pattern.
  • Machine learning approaches implemented for distributed acoustic sensing include classical machine learning (that involve more manual feature extraction) and modern deep learning techniques (where images are reduced into a set of more computable features automatically).
  • Deep Convolutional Neural Networks utilize the image’s individual pixel values and slides a kernel across the height and width of the image producing a representation of the image. Through this the features extracted in each layer seek to improve with every training iteration. Deep convolutional networks usually consist of different types of layers all connected in sequence each layer feeding into the next. These layers include:
  • FC Fully Connected
  • the structure and the architecture of the network is the order and quantity in which these types of layers occur in the network.
  • Many convolutional neural network architectures have been developed and measured against one another. These networks are all built off of one another and share many similarities.
  • Signals in a DAS system propagate within a certain range of channels, and coherent interference from moving objects and a considerable amount of noise are simultaneously received. Distinguishing interference generated by passing vehicles from intrusion threat signals adds to the difficulty of the task. Sound wave and vibration decay with distance, and signals of different behaviors received by a DAS are in different patterns, both in time and space; this observation inspired us to combine multiple channels to recognize intrusion and reduce the impact of noise.
  • CNN As a feed-forward neural network CNN is effective at capturing features but does not perform well in sequential data.
  • RNN recurrent neural network
  • Con- vLSTM convolutional long-short time memory
  • the CNN LSTM architecture of FIG. 12B can be Used for the Cconv - LSTM architecture and is unlike previous research where just convolutional neural networks were applied.
  • Conv - LSTM preserves the temporal information of the DAS system along with the instantaneously detected state and in previous tests yields intrusion detection results of 85.6% accuracy.
  • FIG. 12A A high level overview of the inventive concepts of a machine learning pipeline according to a preferred embodiment is given in FIG. 12A as an overview of Signal Analysis System.
  • the signal analysis algorithm makes use of an ensemble of modern techniques.
  • the overview of the signal analysis algorithm is shown in FIG. 12A.
  • the algorithm makes use of both the magnitude and frequency information over time.
  • a CNN ensemble is trained on collected data and used to extract features from the individual samples. The extracted features are then reduced and passed to a preseeded clustering algorithm to detect whether the response vector shares similar characteristics with the trained intrusion data.
  • the CNN feature extractor also feeds a LSTM network which monitors each separate channel (sample bin) response over time.
  • the resultant image features, cluster and temporal feature vectors are concatenated and used to train a fully connected (FC) deep neural network. This FC network is then responsible for making decisions and deciding whether to raise the software intrusion flag.
  • This architecture makes use of independently acting sensing fibres that are placed close to one another surrounding the assets being defended.
  • An overview of a twin line architecture can be seen in FIG. 13 showing an ensemble architecture for two co-dependant fibre cables.
  • FIG. 14 in a preferred embodiment within a single deployment there could be multiple varying conditions as shown with the Illustration showing various zones. These zones are determined by manual inspection and the corresponding channels which all into those zones are assigned a zone marker. The ambient data from the entire line(s) is then collected over a period of two weeks and separated into their respective zones. This data as mentioned before -as so to say a spatial seismic profile SP of the plurality of seismic probe signals SPS- is in the form of frequency and amplitude data over time.
  • Zones ZA, ZB require different intrusion detection mechanisms. Zones that occur only fence lines ideally must respond to any fence intrusions, whereas this response would not be necessary when monitoring a river boarder. Datasets containing specific zone intrusion data are constructed over time allowing the system to learn what is normal in that specific environment.
  • the system starts to for fill its own data requirements with organic data rather than simulated data. This is done by the system responding to anomalies or intrusions that are detected and responding with a drone to inspect the location of the disturbance.
  • An overview of the scouter drones is described in a later section. These drones are equipped with specialized cameras and transmitters which communicate the video feed back to the hub station. Where the onboard industrial PC is used to process the incoming vision data stream and send the stream on to the web and mobile applications for manual monitoring.
  • the onboard vision system is trained to identify humans and animals their activity using the latest version of Yolo.
  • FIG. 15 An overview of an edge-based architecture is shown in FIG. 15.
  • An edge computing system is one manages to use the resources of a centralized server (such a cloud server) whilst remaining decentralized itself. Edge computing brings the data and processes toward the system it, while still communicating with a central server.
  • the basic architecture provides a form for connecting various processors to one another and to which entity each belongs.
  • edge computing there is a closed loop system between the edge computer and the data input allowing the edge computer to constantly monitor and react to the sensor data without having to communicate with the cloud service.
  • edge computing device to make autonomous decisions based on what the sensors are detecting in the short term.
  • cloud which in the case of large data samples provides the opportunity to analyse the attained data in a wholistic view as it can store as much data as needed. Processes that occur on the cloud include training more powerful machine learning algorithms using the large datasets available.
  • the processing and local device communications are isolated from the cloud services.
  • the preferred embodiment of the intrusion detection system 3000 is integrated with a mobile app as a man-machine interface for integration and response from the client side.
  • the app is built to be very user friendly in that it is a very simple interface that provides the client with exactly what they need to see. If the client however wishes to see more intricate details about their system, there is also an option to view details such as the DAS signals being detected and more complex system status history.
  • the mobile app was constructed using modern tech stack involving React Native (for cross platform native apps), Django as a rest API for managing user requests and Postgres database for storing user data.
  • the application has a few major functions - firstly it allows users to view their system status and filter through their systems is there are multiple deployments.
  • the system status information includes the drone status (battery life, location etc), the alert status, the state of the system (if it has detected an intrusion, in rest, or performing a routine surveillance check) and the access status (indicating if the system is in full arm mode where all zones are being monitored or not).
  • the application also provides an interactive map component which hosts a variety of Icons that represent key locations on the client’s land. When these icons are pressed, they display historic and current information about the region of interest, this information includes the DAS signals and historic intrusion events that have occurred in these regions before.
  • the application also allows users to set the access of individual, groups, or entire zones. There is also another option for clients to schedule their own drone missions by clicking the mission option and selecting the location which they wish to send the drone to.
  • the application may only have 3 pages - the user login page, the home page (described above) and a drone mission page which shows the video stream from the drone’s camera along with the system status information and a mini map. This page allows the user to reschedule the drone mission or abort the current mission.
  • the preferred embodiment of the intrusion detection system provides for an automated response system, and the detector and analysis module comprises a threshold observation module, wherein the threshold observation module is adapted to activate an automated response system.
  • the automated response system may comprise a signal inspection module, and/or a camera inspection module.
  • the camera inspection module is part of a drone inspection platform wherein the drone inspection platform is activatable by the threshold observation module, in particular wherein the drone inspection platform provides a drone and drone base station for autonomous usage.
  • FIG. 16 in illustrates in more detail how the intrusion detection system according to the concept of the invention includes a drone response system which is built up of two separate parts.
  • a UAV with autonomous flight capabilities and all the drone communication with the system is handled by ROS (Robot operating system) which separates all the functionality of the drone and the rest of system into micro applications which send messages to one another through the ROS Pub/Sub message system.
  • ROS Robot operating system
  • a Flight Controller provides for a particular preferred integration with robotics software like ROS.
  • the flight controller will be connected to the onboard computer using a suitable communication package.
  • Camera & Gimbal is provided with a a camera suited to night/day operation will be fitted to the UAV (analog for video transmission with digital for onboard recording).
  • the camera will be attached to a 3-axis gimbal to allow the UAV operator to pan and tilt the camera around while receiving a stable video feed.
  • Flight Controller Peripherals should be connected to the UAV to achieve autonomous flight. These typically include a GPS, buzzers, lights, and power modules to regulate the voltage supplied to the flight controller as well as monitor the battery level.
  • a single Onboard Computer running an operating system and Robot Operating System will be mounted on the UAV. This computer will handle all high level algorithms and tasks, leaving only the task of flying to the flight controller.
  • the onboard computer will interface with the flight controller, camera, and telemetry radios. The onboard computer allows the UAV to fly without the use of radio control.
  • a Power System will consist of voltage regulators to supply the gimbal, camera, and onboard computer with appropriate voltages.
  • the Video Transmitter on board the UAV will make use of analogue video transmission using a suitable frequency band. This is done to reduce reliance on internet connection and to save costs. (Digital transmission is possible at very high cost).
  • a radio control link will be fitted to the UAV for testing purposes. This will be used to manually pilot the UAV when testing the aircraft or if the autonomous flight is not operating correctly.
  • the powertrain consists of Electronic Speed Controllers, motors, propellers, and batteries. The selection of these components all depends on each other, like e.g. in that low Kv motors need larger propellers to provide sufficient thrust etc.
  • the drone base station is designed with a weatherproof housing wherein the UAV will be protected from the elements as well as concealed from wandering eyes.
  • the UAV’s batteries will be charged in this enclosure and the precision landing equipment will be housed here as well (Differential GPS).
  • the enclosure will open/close automatically when it receives take-off or landing requests from the UAV.
  • the drone base station may include a drone Centring Mechanism, a Charger, an Onboard Computer and Telemetry Radios in particular to achieve long range communication with the UAV when faster connection types like 4G/5G mobile connections are unavailable.
  • a video receiver will be integrated into the docking station to receive a live video feed from the UAV.
  • Analog video transmission will be used initially due to its low cost and availability.
  • the analogue video will be captured and processed by the onboard computer.
  • the intrusion Detection and Response System provides a full-scale security solution with a variety of installation topologies.
  • the system provides Clients/Entities with the ability to empower themselves and their security teams to react to unauthorized access to their domain.
  • the system makes use of unique optic hardware DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensor) and FOS (Fibre Optic Switch) to build networks of fibre optic cables that act as an array of acoustic sensors.
  • the network of cables can be placed in any topology that suits the environment and needs of the client.
  • These sensors are monitored by Al models which predict whether there is unwanted activity and provides GPS coordinate of the alarm along with what the Al predicts is happening.
  • the GPS and Status information is also sent to the Autonomous response system and the Client.
  • the autonomous response system comprises of a base station and a drone. Both the DAS system and the autonomous response system data is then conveyed to the client through the mobile app or the like man-machine interface of the intrusion Detection and Response System.
  • the mobile app also allows clients to schedule missions and routine inspections without the DAS being triggered. It also allows users to visualize what is happening at the alarm locations through the video stream being produced by the UAV.
  • the inventive intrusion Detection and Response System system is built to monitor large land areas at a relatively low cost compared to other security solutions.
  • the system is also designed to integrate into existing security structures already in place and can also be adapted with cameras by running connecting fibres in the same cable.
  • the DAS and autonomous response unit can be “chained” to one another to potentially reach limitless distances providing a solid security solution for conservation areas, country borders, farms, factories, pipelines, trains, power lines, residential estates, and many others.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un agencement de capteurs acoustiques distribués, en particulier un agencement de capteurs acousto-optiques, de préférence un agencement DAS, l'agencement de capteurs acoustiques distribués comprenant : - un agencement de capteurs à fibre optique et - un agencement de circulateur et interrogateur, en particulier avec un modulateur et une périphérie de convertisseur, pour alimenter une lumière de déclenchement d'une source de lumière et recevoir une lumière de rétrodiffusion à partir de l'agencement de capteurs à fibre optique, - l'agencement de capteurs à fibre optique étant agencé sous la forme d'une toile de capteurs à fibre optique, en particulier agencé sous la forme d'un quadrillage ou filet de capteurs à fibre optique et/ou conçu pour fonctionner en tant que tel et - une première ligne de fibre optique étant conçue pour recevoir une lumière de déclenchement d'une source de lumière et la lumière de rétrodiffusion due à la détection acoustique d'au moins un premier signal de sonde sismique respectif et - une seconde ligne de fibre optique étant conçue pour recevoir une lumière de déclenchement d'une source de lumière et une lumière de rétrodiffusion due à la détection acoustique d'au moins un second signal de sonde sismique respectif. Selon l'invention, l'agencement de circulateur et interrogateur comprend un moyen de couplage de signal et - le moyen de couplage de signal est en outre conçu pour la communication d'échantillons de données attribués à la lumière de déclenchement et/ou la lumière de rétrodiffusion d'au moins les première et seconde lignes de fibre optique et générés à partir de celles-ci avec l'agencement de circulateur et interrogateur, - les échantillons de données étant fournis à l'agencement de circulateur et interrogateur par le moyen de couplage de signal afin d'être en outre traités pour fournir un profil sismique spatial de la pluralité de signaux de sonde sismique.
PCT/IB2023/054736 2023-05-08 2023-05-08 Agencement de capteurs acoustiques distribués et système de capteurs acoustiques distribués, système de détection d'intrusion et procédé de détection d'intrusion Pending WO2024231713A1 (fr)

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ZA2023/05064A ZA202305064B (en) 2023-05-08 2023-05-08 Distributed acoustic sensor arrangement and distributed acoustic sensor system, intrusion detection system and method for intrusion detection

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CN120635429A (zh) * 2025-08-13 2025-09-12 长江水利委员会水文局长江口水文水资源勘测局(长江水利委员会水文局长江口水环境监测中心) 一种自适应语义分割海底线性目标探测模型的构建方法
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