WO2024231670A1

WO2024231670A1 - Branching module for vertical gardening

Info

Publication number: WO2024231670A1
Application number: PCT/GB2024/051187
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mackenzie VAN DAM
Original assignee: Nuna Studio Ltd
Current assignee: Nuna Studio Ltd
Priority date: 2023-05-08
Filing date: 2024-05-07
Publication date: 2024-11-14
Anticipated expiration: 2025-11-08

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a branching module for vertical gardening, comprising a planter module for holding living plants, and a connection node for mechanically fastening the branching module to an external support structure. Also disclosed are related systems and methods.

Description

BRANCHING MODULE FOR VERTICAL GARDENING

Field

The present disclosure relates generally to vertical gardens, and more specifically, to branching geometric components that tessellate to create a lattice screen embedded with soil and living plants.

Background

Greenwalls are also known as living walls or vertical gardens. They offer numerous benefits, including reducing air pollution by collecting particulates from the air. Greenwalls may additionally or alternatively reduce the so-called "urban heat island" effect, through evaporative cooling and heat absorption. Greenwalls may additionally or alternatively absorb rainwater, reducing the risk of flooding and reducing strain on water management infrastructure. Further, greenwalls may assist with noise reduction in urban areas.

Thus, greenwalls have become increasingly popular in recent years as people seek to create green spaces in urban areas with limited horizontal space. Many different types of greenwall exist, including modular systems that use planters that can be stacked or connected to create a wall of plants, and matting-based systems formed of matting comprising discrete pockets for receiving plants and growth media (also referred to in the art as growing media, and meaning material configured to accommodate plant roots and to promote the development of the corresponding plant; such as but not limited to soil, peat moss, coir, perlite, humus and/or clay pellets) and having, as their structure, a membrane of matting, especially felt matting.

Existing greenwall systems have limitations in terms of where they can be used. For example, they cannot be used in front of windows because when constructed they form a solid wall, and do not allow visibility through the system.

Other types of greenwalls, such as trellis systems, allow for visibility and air through the structure but are limited to planting at their base.

Further, existing modular greenwall systems have limitations in terms of the materials used. Most modular greenwall systems use plastics, felt matting or metals. Many greenwall modules fail to support drainage, causing roots to absorb too much water and rot.

Existing greenwalls often provide little space for the roots, limiting the selection of plant species that can be used, and often causing premature death of the plants by stunting the root growth.

The present disclosure seeks to mitigate one or more of the foregoing and/or other problems.

Summary of the Disclosure

The present disclosure generally relates to a hollow (or substantially hollow) branching module configured to receive and support living plants (and, preferably, also having both an inlet and an outlet adapted for the drainage of liquid, especially water; and/or being adapted to carry growth media, such as but not limited to soil, peat moss, coir, perlite, humus and/or clay pellets). Being hollow, the branching module (or a planter module thereof, as described herein) may suitably be configured for root growth and/or the passage of liquid such as water (such as from the inlet to the outlet) throughout its interior, as described herein. The branching module preferably comprises a planter module having about three or more (such as about four or more; optionally, up to about ten) branches (which are elongate) extending from an intersection or node, each branch being hollow; with at least one plant-receiving aperture provided (at the intersection or along a branch) for receiving the root system of a living plant. The hollow design may be configured for roots to grow throughout the hollow interior (and optionally into adjacent branching modules, as further described herein), provide aeration, and encourage liquid (especially, water or an aqueous solution or mixture, such as water and soil) flow throughout the branching module (optionally, with the inclusion of a device or devices adapted to store water, such as a tank; and/or devices adapted to wick water toward a plant) thus preventing or mitigating rot, while allowing an upper part of the plant to grow out of the branching module.

The branching modules of the present disclosure are preferably configured to tesselate with each other. As used herein, "tesselate" may mean to connect to a following or contiguous branching module within a plurality of branching modules. This may form a greenwall (which may also be referred to as a vertical garden). In other words, branching modules (preferably, many branching modules) may be connected in a system comprising or forming a hollow lattice, in the sense that hollow branches interconnect between a plurality of intersections or nodes, with plant-receiving apertures (for receiving living plants) at intervals throughout the structure; roots, growth media, air and/or liquid (especially water or an aqueous solution or mixture, such as water and soil) may freely pass through the hollow or hollows thereof.

The system, having fluidic interconnection between the hollow branching modules, and forming a lattice having a continuous internal void, may provide the drainage of liquid, root growth and aeration throughout. Connecting the many branching modules together may impart strength to the lattice; in this way, tessellation may spread the load of the branching modules, and the plants and media received in them, across the system.

The lattice-like topology may promote the circulation of air not only within the interior of the hollow branching modules but also over their surface, thereby preventing or mitigating rot and promoting plant growth. Additionally or alternatively, it may allow for visibility (i.e., many lines of sight) through the system; thus, the system may be configured for use in front of windows.

Summarising, the present disclosure relates generally to vertical gardens, and more specifically, to a hollow branching module having hollow branches extending from an intersection or node. Such hollow branching modules are shaped and configured to tessellate, thereby forming a hollow lattice screen embedded with soil or other suitable media and living plants; the roots of the living plants are able to grow through the interiors of the hollow branches, which also promote the passage of water and air throughout the system.

The branching modules may suitably comprise water transfer devices for transferring water from one module to an adjacent module. Such devices may be or comprise water tanks and/or wicks (for indirect fluidic interconnection between adjacent modules and as further described herein); and/or may comprise a direct fluidic interconnection (such as via drip ends described herein) between a hollow branch of one module and a hollow branch of another. This may enable water supply and/or drainage. Put another way, water may flow from an inlet of the branching module to an outlet of the branching module through the hollow branches thereof. Thus, preferably the the inlet and outlet are each located at the end of a branch. It will be understood, therefore, that adjacent branching modules may be fluidically interconnected directly (such as via drip ends) and/or indirectly (such as via water tanks and/or wicks). This may enable the passage of water to be controlled, ensuring adequate irrigation while avoiding or mitigating rot. Tanks may ensure that water can be stored and supplied over time, rather than all at once. Since the water pathway includes the hollow branches, water can be supplied to a complete root system extending through the branches. Various different implementations will be understood to be effective, and the present disclosure envisages the generalisation of features described (e.g., those described with reference to the Figures), from one type of branching module to another. The features providing fluidic interconnection between branching modules, whether indirect or direct, and whether involving wicks, water tanks, and/or drip ends (and/or other devices disclosed herein), may be generalised across different types of branching modules.

Preferably, the primary material for the branching module is or comprises cork or cork composite, but other materials such as one or more of plastic, metal, ceramic, glass and wood may be envisaged. Cork is preferable, at least because it is a sustainable material, and because of its thermal insulation properties, meaning that living plants may be kept at a stable temperature. To assist with load bearing, the cork (or other material) may be supported by a structural skeleton, especially a lightweight structural skeleton, such as one made of metal or a similar material. Ceramic is also a preferred material; when ceramic is used, a structural skeleton may be omitted.

In a first aspect of the present disclosure, therefore, there is provided a branching module for vertical gardening, comprising a planter module for holding living plants, and optionally comprising a connection node for mechanically fastening the branching module to an external support structure.

Optionally, the planter module is supported by a structural skeleton. The planter module may rest in and/or on the structural skeleton, optionally connected to the structural skeleton solely by friction fit, although a bolted or adhesive connection may additionally or alternatively be present.

The structural skeleton may be or comprise an open framework, suitably in contact with an outer surface of the planter module. The structural skeleton may be a wire (e.g., metal or ceramic wire) skeleton. Thus, the structural skeleton preferably does not fully encase the planter module. Instead, the majority (such as at least about 70 %) of the surface area of the planter module may be exposed to the environment while being supported by the structural skeleton. Preferably, the structural skeleton covers no more than about 10, 20 or 30 % of the surface area of the planter module. The structural skeleton may be inside, or may be at least partly inside, the planter module.

The structural skeleton may be configured to support the weight of the planter module (and, in use, its contents, including for example living plant(s), water and/or growth media such as soil, peat moss, coir, perlite, humus and/or clay pellets). The structural skeleton may suitably be made of a strong, durable material. The structural skeleton may be or comprise one or both of metal (such as iron, steel, copper, brass, aluminium and/or other metal elements or alloys), plastic (such as ABS, polycarbonate, PPSU, UHMW and/or other plastics) and ceramic, preferably metal. The structural skeleton, especially when it is made of or comprises metal, may be or comprise pipes, rods and/or sheets. The pipes may be curved. Laser cutting may be used to form the sheets. The structural skeleton, such as when it is formed of pipes, rods and/or sheets, may be held together through welding and/or bolting. The components (such as the pipes, rods and/or sheets) may be sized and configured in accordance with the relevant load requirements and may vary based on several factors, such as the overall size of the branching module and/or the type of plant being carried. Other methods of constructing the structural skeleton may be envisaged.

The structural skeleton may comprise the connection node. The connection node may be integral with the (rest of the) structural skeleton. The connection node may be configured for fastening the branching module to an external structure support system by a suitable fastening. Thus, the connection node may be or comprise one or more bolts, screws, nails or the like. Other fastening(s) may be used, such as but not limited to welding, magnetic connection, friction fit(s), snap fit(s) or adhesive. The connection node may suitably be made of a strong, durable material. Preferably, the connection node is or comprises metal, such as iron, steel, brass, copper, aluminium or another element or alloy.

The planter module may comprise the connection node. The connection node may be integral with the (rest of the) planter module. When the planter module comprises the connection node, the connection node may be made of or comprise the same or a different material to the remainder of the planter module; for example, the connection node may be made of or comprise metal while the remainder of the planter module is made of or comprises cork or a cork composite.

Alternatively, the connection node may be a separate component of the branching module. If so, the connection node is still preferably connected to the structural skeleton and/or to the planter module (but preferably, to the structural skeleton). The connection node may be directly connected to the structural skeleton and/or to the planter module, such as by a welded or bolted connection.

Preferably, the planter module comprises: an intersection and at least three fluidically interconnected hollow branches extending from the intersection; an inlet and an outlet adapted for the drainage of liquid; and a plant-receiving aperture, the planter module defining an interior void extending from the inlet to the outlet.

As described herein, the planter module may be made of or comprise one or both of cork and a cork composite. As used herein, the term cork composite may referto a material comprising (natural) cork together with one or more other additives, such as one or more adhesives, fillers, insulators, foams and the like.

The planter module may be or comprise a rot-resistant material, of which cork and cork composites are examples. A rot-resistant material may be resistant to decomposition by bacteria/and or fungi in ambient outdoor conditions, such as at temperatures in a range of from 5 to 35 °C, with or without rain, over a period of at least six months, preferably at least twelve months.

Additionally or alternatively, the planter module may be surface treated to prevent or mitigate rot. The planter module may be formed of or comprise a cork composite comprising one or more anti-fungal agents and/or one or more anti-bacterial agents.

The planter module may be fabricated in parts (for example, in two, three, four or more parts), each part being, for example, compression moulded from a cork composite (such as from cork granules and a glue binder, or similar adhesive, plus any other additives described herein); before assembly of the planter module from the parts. Parts may be joined by glue adhesive. Alternatively, parts may simply be held together by the structural skeleton, when present, without adhesive or other fastening means between the parts themselves. Thus, the planter module may comprise two, three, four or more parts, each part preferably comprising cork and/or cork-composite, wherein each part is optionally adhered to a following part, or the parts are held adjacent each other by the structural skeleton. This may promote the passage of air around plants during use of the planter module. Additionally or alternatively, it ma provide a simplified manufacturing procedure, wherein a complex whole may be formed in simpler parts, which assemble readily together.

Planter modules may be made of other materials, such as ceramic, glass, plastic, fabric, or metal. Planter modules may be fabricated in various ways including 3D printing, injection moulding, clip casting, or computer numerical control (CNC) milling.

A planter module as disclosed herein may suitably be shaped and configured to carry living plants, especially the roots thereof. Additionally or alternatively, it may be shaped and configured to carry growth media, in which one or more living plants may in turn be disposed. Preferably, the planter module does not comprise felt or other matting. The planter module is preferably not itself growth media but is (in sharp contrast) configured to hold growth media, especially in an interior void as described herein.

The planter module preferably comprises at least three branches, more preferably at least four branches (optionally, the top end of the range of the number of branches is limited, such as being up to ten branches), the branches extending from an intersection.

As used herein, the term "intersection" may refer to a joining point at which branches of a planter module meet. The term "connection node", as used herein, may refer to a type of intersection, especially an intersection which is for mechanically fastening the branching module to an external support structure, while also being or comprising the joining point at which the branches of the planter module meet. When the connection node is a type of intersection, it will be appreciated that the connection node is integral with the planter module. Thus, the connection node may be or comprise a device integral with the planter module, optionally being for mechanically fastening the branching module to an external support structure, but above all being or comprising the joining point at which the branches of the planter module meet. As used herein, the term "branch" may mean an elongate arm of the planter module, extending radially outward from the intersection. Preferably, each branch of the planter module is or comprises a hollow elongate sleeve, as further described herein.

A planter module may have more than one intersection from which branches extend, such as at least two intersections from which branches extend; but may optionally have a capped total number of intersections, such as at most three intersections.

The branches may be or comprise upper and lower branches. As used herein, the terms "upper" and "lower" may be defined by reference to the flow of water when the planter module is in use. Thus, the planter module may be shaped and configured for water to flow from a or the upper branch(es) to a or the lower branch(es) (rather than the other way around). Optionally, a system in accordance with the second aspect of the disclosure may be configured such that water may flow from an upper branching module thereof to a lower branching module thereof.

Optionally, a planter module comprises upper branches and lower branches, arranged such that a or each lower branch is adapted to fluidically interconnect with a or each upper branch of a following (lower) planter module of a following (lower) branching module and a or each upper branch is adapted to fluidically interconnect with a or each lower branch of a following (upper) planter module of a following (upper) branching module. A lower branch of a (oreach, in the system according to the second aspect of the disclosure) planter module of a branching module may be adapted to fluidically interconnect with an upper branch of a following (lower) planter module of a following branching module. An upper branch of a (or each, in the system according to the second aspect of the disclosure) planter module of a branching module may be adapted to fluidically interconnect with a lower branch of a following (upper) planter module of a following branching module. Preferably, at least two upper branches are provided on a (or each, in the system according to the second aspect of the disclosure) planter module, configured to fluidically interconnect with at least two lower branches of a following (upper) planter module of a following branching module. Preferably, at least two lower branches are provided on a (or each, in the system according to the second aspect of the disclosure) planter module, configured to fluidically interconnect with at least two upper branches of a following (lower) planter module of a following branching module. It will be appreciated that the fluidic interconnection may be direct or indirect as disclosed herein. Each branch of the planter module may be supported by the structural skeleton, the structural skeleton preferably having an open framework, configured for exposing a majority of the surface area of the planter module to the surrounding environment. In other words, the structural skeleton covers no more than a minority of the surface area of the planter module, as disclosed herein. Preferably, the structural skeleton covers no more than about 5, 10, 20 or 30 % of the surface area of each branch.

Preferably, the structural skeleton is configured as an external, semi-external, internal or semi-internal (preferably, external) backbone for the planter module, and is configured to not encase the planter module. The backbone may be inside, or at least partially inside, the planter module; or it may be on the outer surface of, or at least partially on the outer surface of, the planter module. Such an arrangement may enable air to circulate through and around the planter module, which may prevent or mitigate rot, promote drainage, and/or promote photosynthesis. Thus, the planter module is preferably configured for the circulation of air through and around the planter module, including and especially when connected to a following planter module of a following branching module.

The arrangement described for the planter module and structural skeleton may also enable a lightweight design, providing sufficient structural support without compromising the low density provided by, for example, a planter module comprising or formed of cork or cork composite. The weight ratio of the planter module to the structural skeleton may be in a range of from about 2:1 to about 1:5, such as about 1:1 to about 1:3.

Suitably, each branch of the planter module may be framed by, especially may rest on, the structural skeleton. The structural skeleton may thus cover no more than a minority of the surface area of each branch, such as no more than about 5, 10, 20 or 30 % of the surface area of each branch.

When an "end" of a branch is referred to herein, it will be understood that this refers to the point of the branch furthest from the relevant intersection. Features of the planter module and, optionally, the structural skeleton supporting it, may accordingly be described as being at the end of a branch.

Branches of a given planter module may be of the same length and/or the same diameter as each other. Alternatively, the branches may differ in length and/or differ in diameter. This provides for the possibility of different geometries and thus different patterns of branching modules when the branching modules are connected in a system in accordance with the present disclosure. This provides design flexibility for ensuring compatibility with, e.g., different building, wall or window designs.

As described herein, the planter module is preferably hollow. Thus, the planter module may suitably define an (or at least one) interior void for receiving water, plant roots and/or growth media. The growth media may include one or more of soil, peat moss, coir, perlite, humus and clay pellets.

The interior void preferably extends substantially throughout the planter module, including throughout the or each intersection and the or each branch. Preferably, the interior void extends into at least one of, more preferably all of, the branches, to the end of the, more preferably each, branch.

Thus, all the branches of the planter module are preferably hollow and are preferably all fluidically interconnected with one another.

Thus, as described, the (overall) planter module is preferably hollow (or substantially hollow).

The interior void defined by the planter module may provide improved space for root growth and/or drainage, enabling a wider variety of plants to grow. The interior void may be shaped and configured to allow or promote the growth of roots into the branches' interior, such as throughout the branches' interior (and optionally into the interior void of a planter module of an adjacent branching module, such as in a system in accordance with the second aspect of the disclosure). Thus, improved space may be provided for plant root growth, as well as improving drainage and avoiding rot.

Thus, the planter module is preferably shaped and configured to allow or promote the growth of roots of a living plant throughout its interior, including into the or each branch and optionally into branches of adjacent planter modules when present in a system as described herein in accordance with the second aspect of the disclosure.

As described hereinabove, the branching module or planter module thereof may comprise both an inlet and an outlet adapted for the drainage of liquid; these may suitably be located at the ends of branches, although a plant-receiving aperture may additionally be adapted for the entry or exit of liquid.

The planter module preferably comprises a liquid (especially, water or an aqueous solution or mixture comprising water) transfer device for transferring liquid to a following branching module. The liquid transfer device may be or comprise one or more of: a drip end, connection end, water tank and wick; as described herein. This may enable fluidic interconnection of following branching modules, reducing rot and/or providing irrigation. The transfer device may be connected to one or both of an inlet and an outlet of the branching module.

The branches are preferably open-ended, so that the interior void is open to the end of each branch, particularly when one or more drip ends are present. A drip end is a device configured to channel one or more fluids from the interior void of the planter module to the interior void of a following planter module of a following branching module.

Thus, the planter module may comprise one or more (preferably, two or more) drip ends, the or each drip end preferably being disposed at the end of a branch. The or each drip end may be configured for fluidically connecting the interior void of the planter module, when present, to the interior void of a following planter module of a following branching module. This may allow branching modules to tesselate in a continuous network without obstructing the passage of water and nutrients between planter modules of following branching modules.

A drip end may be or comprise one or more substantially hollow protruding elements sized to fit inside a following planter module of a following branching module. An aperture of the drip end may be configured to allow the passage of water and, for example, dissolved nutrients, from its planter module to an opening at the end of the following planer module. In other words, the drip end may be configured to allow the passage of water from its branching module to a following branching module. An aperture of the drip end may have a substantially conical or substantially frustoconical shape.

The drip end may be sized and configured, by its hollow construction and aperture, to promote a continuous network of growth media and/or root systems between adjacent (following) branching modules. The drip end may be provided with a filter, such as a fabric, to contain at least some growth media within the planter module of its branching module, while allowing the passage of water. Suitably, the planter module may comprise at least one further aperture, fl uidica lly connected with the at least one interior void, for receiving a living plant. Such an aperture may accordingly be referred to herein as a plant-receiving aperture. Preferably, the interior void extends from said aperture for receiving a living plant, into (especially, throughout) the branches, such as to the end of each branch, such that each branch ends in an opening connected to said aperture. The at least one further aperture may be at or close to an intersection. Additionally or alternatively, the planter module may comprise one or more of the further apertures, for receiving a living plant, which is or are disposed away from an intersection. It will be understood that such apertures are further apertures in the sense that they may be present in addition to, for example, the aperture(s) of the drip end(s). Thus, in total (counting at least the drip ends and apertures for receiving a living plant) the planter module preferably has at least four, preferably at least five apertures (i.e., openings) connecting the interior void to a surrounding environment.

It will be understood that in the system for vertical gardening in accordance with the second aspect of the disclosure, while a majority of the branching modules therein preferably have the at least one plant-receiving aperture, a minority of the branching modules therein may optionally have no such plant-receiving aperture at all, i.e., may not be for receiving a living plant. Nevertheless, the branching modules of that minority may be hollow and fluidically interconnected with the other branching modules, thereby enabling the passage of water and/or growth media throughout the system.

The branching module may further comprise a breaking mechanism for separating the branching module into two assemblies, such as into a top-assembly and a bottom-assembly.

By way of illustration, a top-assembly may comprise a top-planter module and may optionally comprise a top-structural skeleton. A bottom-assembly may comprise a bottom-planter module and may optionally comprise a bottom-structural skeleton.

Thus, the term "breaking mechanism" as used herein may be or comprise a mechanical (e.g., bolted) connection for fastening and unfastening two assemblies, such as by fastening and unfastening two plates (e.g., metal plates) at a junction of a structural skeleton, when present.

The branching module is not limited to breaking into a top-assembly and a bottom-assembly.

The branching module may comprise an alternative breaking mechanism for separating the branching module into two assemblies, each assembly comprising a part of a planter module and optionally a part of a structural skeleton, but which are defined differently than by reference to a "top" and "bottom".

The branching module may comprise one, or more than one breaking mechanism, for dividing the branching module into two, or more than two assemblies, each assembly comprising a part of the planter module of the branching module and optionally a corresponding part of the structural skeleton of the branching module.

Already, the branching modules are convenient for transport; this yet further packability feature, of separation into assemblies, may facilitate storage and transportation of the branching modules to a site of use, compared to large unitary greenwall systems which are unwieldy to transport.

Optionally, the top-planter module may be free of drip ends; while each branch of the bottom-planter module comprises (ends in a) a drip end. This may enable the directional passage of water from one branching module to a following branching module.

The branching module may comprise one or more additional or alternative breaking mechanisms. Such a breaking mechanism may be or comprise a bolted connection, such as one comprising two plates (e.g., metal plates), at a point along the length of a branch, such as about the middle of a branch. Such a breaking mechanism may be present for one, more than one, optionally for all branches of the module.

The branching module may comprise one or more (preferably, at least two, three or four, especially at least three) connection ends. The or each connection end may be provided on the planter module and/or on the structural skeleton. The or each connection end may be for coupling the branching module to a following branching module. Thus, the or each connection end may be or comprise a coupling device, preferably a mechanical coupling device, such as a bolting device, a friction fit device, a snap fit device or a screw device, although it may be or comprise an adhesive patch or other non-mechanical coupling device. This may allow branching modules to tesselate in a continuous or semi-continuous network, while maintaining structural support across the network. Each connection end, when present, may suitably be located at or proximate the end of a branch.

The structural skeleton may comprise the connection end(s). The connection end(s) may be integral with the (rest of the) structural skeleton. The connection end(s) may be configured to couple a branching module to at least one following branching module(s) by a bolted connection. Other ways of mechanical or other fastening may be used, such, for example, as welding, a magnetic connection or adhesive. The connection end(s) may suitably be made of a strong, durable material, preferably metal, such as iron, steel, brass, copper, aluminium or another element or alloy. Optionally, in a system defined in accordance with the second aspect of the disclosure as described herein, structural skeletons of adjacent branching modules couple via connection ends, thereby spreading the load of the branching modules across the system.

The planter module may comprise the connection end(s). The connection end(s) may be integral with the (rest of the) planter module.

Alternatively, the connection end(s) may be or be a part of a further component of the branching module, nevertheless connected to the structural skeleton and/or to the planter module (but preferably, to the structural skeleton). For example, the connection end(s) may be directly connected to the structural skeleton and/or to the planter module, such as by a welded or bolted connection. Optionally, the connection end(s) may be provided on a water tank, as described herein, of the branching module.

The planter module may comprise at least one lip configured to rest on the structural skeleton. The or each lip may be next to an inset in the surface of the planter module. The structural skeleton may occupy the space within the inset to create a friction fit and support the weight of the planter module. The or each lip may be at the end of a branch (or, in the case of more than one lip, branches).

The planter module may comprise one or more integrated slots sized and configured for receiving one or more removable side panels. The or each slot may suitably take the form of a continuous channel, such as a U-shaped channel sized to receive a removable side panel and to make a friction fit connection thereto. The branching module may accordingly comprise one or more, preferably at least two, removable side panels, sized and configured for connection (suitably, friction fit, bolted connection, glue or other fastening means) with the planter module. The side panel(s) may be or comprise cork and/or a cork composite; alternatively, they may be or comprise one or more other materials, such as ceramic, glass, plastic, fabric, or metal.

The side panel(s) may be configured to permit access into an interior void of one or more of the branches of the branching module. The side panel(s) may suitably be porous. This may enable rainwater to enter the interior void; and/or enable plants (especially smaller plants) to sprout from of the side panel.

Optionally the side panels may be or comprise a bio-receptive material, i.e., a material suitable for colonisation by living organisms; such, for example, as nutrient-inoculated fabric mesh, to stimulate the growth of organisms such as lichen, moss, and algae.

Alternatively, side panels may be absent.

The planter module may comprise one or more irrigation slots sized and configured for receiving one or more irrigation pipes. This may allow water to be fed (e.g., dripped) into the planter module. The planter module may comprise one or more fluidically interconnected interior voids configured for the passage of water, such as from one part of a planter module to another (and through to a following planter module) under gravity. Irrigation pipes, it will be understood, may be fed from a public water supply or other suitable source. Additionally or alternatively, water may enter the system (e.g., as rainwater) through one or more apertures provided for living plants in the planter module; and/or through a removable side panel as described herein.

Optionally, the branching module further comprises a water tank attached (especially, mechanically connected) to the planter module thereof. Optionally, the water tank is sized and configured to fluidically interconnect the branching module to a following branching module. The water tank may be at or proximate the end of a branch (or may surround a section along the length of a branch). By "tank" herein may be meant a vessel or compartment configured for holding standing water and for supplying the water to a planter module described herein. The water tank may suitably be formed of plastic and/or metal. The interior of the tank may include an overflow device (such as a baffle or inner container) for controlling the passage of water from the tank of the branching module to a further element of the branching module or to a further element of a system in accordance with the second aspect of the disclosure, such as to the planting module of an adjacent branching module. The tank may comprise the connection end, described herein, for connecting to an adjacent branching module.

Optionally, the branching module further comprises a wicking system (such as a wicking system comprising one or more felt and/or string wicks) for delivering water from the water tank to the planter module and/or to a planter module of a following branching module.

The features of the water tank and/or wicking system may promote fluidic interconnection of branching modules while enabling the collection of standing water without (or minimising) rot within the planting modules themselves.

Optionally, in a system in accordance with the second aspect of the disclosure as described herein, some or all of the branching modules comprise such a water tank and/or such a wicking system. Optionally, some or all of the branching modules are fluidically interconnected via the water tanks and/or via the wicking system.

Connection via the water tanks and/or wicking system may be in addition to, or alternative to, direct fluidic interconnection (such as via drip ends) between branches of adjacent branching modules as described herein.

In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for vertical gardening, comprising a plurality of branching modules in accordance with the first aspect of the disclosure.

Adjacent (i.e., following) branching modules of the system are suitably mechanically or otherwise connected to each other.

Adjacent branching modules are preferably configured to connect by coupling the end of a branch of the planter module of a first branching module to the end of a branch of the planter module of a second branching module. This may be by means of the connection ends described herein. However, adjacent branching modules may be connected at or via other elements, such as via the one or more water tanks as described herein. Notably, the system may be configured for spreading the load of the branching modules across itself. Spreading the load may be promoted by mechanical connections between adjacent branching modules, such as between the structural skeletons thereof. In particular, the structural skeletons of adjacent branching modules may couple via connection ends, thereby spreading the load of the branching modules (and, if present, growth media, water and/or plants) across the system.

Load spreading may provide strength to the system. The system may accordingly be freestanding, although an external structural support system is typically envisaged.

In the system, interior voids defined by planter modules of adjacent (i.e., following) branching modules are suitably fl uidica lly interconnected with each other. Fluidic interconnection may be via the drip ends described herein and/or via the water tanks described herein.

Preferably, within and to form a fluidically interconnected system, each planter module of each branching module defines an interior void; wherein each planter module comprises at least three (such as at least four) fluidically interconnected hollow branches extending from an intersection. The interior voids are then fluidically interconnected.

Roots, growth media, air and/or water may pass through the branches and may pass from one planter module to another.

In other words, the branching modules may be connected in a system comprising or being a hollow lattice, in the sense that hollow branches interconnect between a plurality of intersections or nodes, with apertures for receiving living plants at intervals throughout the structure, and a fluidically interconnected interior for the passage of roots, water and/or growth media.

It will be understood that in the system, each individual branching module comprises a respective planter module and, if present, a respective structural skeleton. These are configured to connect, such as via connection ends (and/or indirectly, such as via water tanks, as described herein) thus forming the system. Thus, discrete branching modules, each comprising a discrete planter module and, of present, a discrete structural skeleton, may assemble to form a fluidically interconnected continuous system. Substantially all interior voids of adjacent (i.e., following) branching modules of the system may be fluidically interconnected with each other.

It is possible (or may even be preferred) for adjacent (i.e., following) branching modules of the system to be indirectly fluidically interconnected with each other, suitably via water tanks as described herein.

It will be understood that the network may comprise more than one type of branching module. Thus, the network may comprise branching modules that differ in the number of branches, the presence or absence of side panels, the size of the planter modules, the presence or absence of a structural skeleton, the material of the planter modules, and so forth. In particular, the edges of the network may be formed of or comprise one or more planter modules having a different number of branches compared to planter modules inside a continuous area of the network. For instance, a planter module at the edges of the network may have fewer branches than a planter module inside a continuous area of the network. Varying the types of branching modules across the network may provide control over the aesthetics, irrigation and growth medium distribution of the network. This may benefit when various different types of plants are to be grown in the system, or the system is to be deployed under different environmental conditions.

The system may further comprise an external structural support system for supporting the plurality of branching modules in a lattice. A lattice, as used herein, may refer to a web of hollow branches meeting at a plurality of intersections. Such a structure may enable load bearing to be shared across the system. Additionally or alternatively, it may enable or promote one or more of the growth of roots, the circulation of air and the transport of water throughout the hollow interior of the system.

The plurality of branching modules may be connected to the external structural support system by means of their connecting nodes. The external structural support system may be free-standing. The external structural support system may be integrated into an architectural structure. The architectural structure may be a wall, window, facade or building. The external structural support system may be integrated with a building interior or a building exterior. The external structural support system may be integrated with a horizontal ceiling, whether a ceiling that forms part of a building or, a free-standing structure not integrated in a building. Optionally, two or more continuous or semi-continuous networks of branching modules may be disposed to overlap one in front of the other, preferably disposed in a staggered overlap. Each of the networks may be connected to the same external structural support system, or to respective structural support systems, each structural support system being integrated into a single architectural structure.

In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of forming a vertical garden, comprising connecting a plurality of branching modules in accordance with the first aspect of the disclosure to form a system in accordance with the second aspect of the disclosure. Optionally the method further comprises one or both of the following steps: (i) filling one or more of the planter modules with growth media (such as but not limited to soil, peat moss, coir, perlite, humus and/or clay pellets) and living plants; and (ii) allowing the plants to grow through one or more of the planter modules.

It will be appreciated that features described in relation to one aspect of the present disclosure may be incorporated into other aspects of the present disclosure.

Brief description of the Figures

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a branching module in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of a structural skeleton thereof. FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a planter module thereof. FIGS. 4 and 9 show sectional views of the branching module.

FIG. 5 shows in elevation view, a line drawing showing the centre lines of the interior network of a branching module in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 6 shows, in elevation view, a tessellation of the planter modules as shown in FIG. 5.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show, in perspective view, systems comprising a plurality of branching modules in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIGS. 10 to 12 show how water tanks and wicking systems may be integrated with branching modules in accordance with the present disclosure. Detailed Description

The present disclosure provides branching modules and methods of supporting living plants. The branching modules may tessellate to create a lattice-like screen that allows for visibility and/or air flow through the system.

The branching modules may connect to an external structural support system. The external structure support system may be free-standing. The external structure support system may be integrated into an architectural facade system, window system, or any other kind of architectural division wall. The lattice-like screen may be provided on the inside of a building or the exterior of a building. The system may optionally be used as a horizontal ceiling, whether a ceiling integrated in a building or as a free-standing structure not integrated in a building.

Features of the present disclosure are now described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

FIG. 1 provides a perspective view of a branching module 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. Branching module 100 comprises a planter module 22, which is a vessel, preferably made of cork or a cork composite, that carries living plants. The planter module 22 is optionally supported by a structural skeleton 12, which is preferably made of metal. Branching module 100 may include a connection node 18 which mechanically fastens the branching module 100 to an external support structure (not shown). Branching module 100 may include a breaking mechanism 16, which allows the branching module 100 to easily be broken into two parts, namely a top-assembly 101 and a bottom-assembly 102. The breaking mechanism may be or comprise a bolted connection for fastening and unfastening the two assemblies. The top-assembly 101 comprises a top-structural skeleton 26a, seen in FIG. 2, and top-planter module 22a, seen in FIG. 3. The bottom-assembly 102 comprises a bottom- structural skeleton 26b, seen in FIG. 2, and bottom-planter module 22b, seen in FIG. 3. The branching module 100 may include connection ends 26 and drip ends 28 which are used to connect the branching module 100 to a following branching module 100, allowing the modules to tesselate and create a continuous network as illustrated in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8.

FIG. 2 provides an exploded view of a structural skeleton 26. Structural skeleton 26 may be used to support the planter module 22. The structural skeleton 26 supports the weight of the planter module 22 and its contents and is made of a strong, durable material, preferably metal. The metal is preferably made of a combination of bent metal pipe and laser cut metal sheet, connected through welding or bolting. The size of pipe and thickness of the metal sheet may be determined based on the load requirements of the structure and may vary based on several factors, such as the overall size of the branching module 100 and/or the type of plant being carried. Other methods of constructing the structural skeleton 26 may be envisaged. Structural skeleton 26 may include a connection node 18. The connection node 18 may connect the branching module 100 to an external structure support system (not shown) using a bolted connection; however, other ways of mechanical fastening may be envisaged. The connection node 18 is made of a strong, durable material, preferably metal and is connected, directly or as a separate element using a welded or bolted connection, to the structural skeleton 26. In the absence of the structural skeleton 26, the connection node 18 may be connected to the planter module 22 directly or as a separate element, for example using a welded or bolted connection.

When the breaking mechanism 16 is present, the structural skeleton can be broken in to two parts, 16a which is part of the top-assembly 101, and 16b which is part of the bottomassembly 102. The breaking mechanism may use a bolted connected between two metal plates pressed together at the junction between 16a and 16b.

The structural skeleton 26 of the branching module 100 may include connection ends 14 which are located at the ends of each branch. There may be two connection ends at the top, shown in the figures as 14a and 14b, and two connection ends at the bottom, shown in the figures as 14c and 14d. The connection ends 14 may connect the branching module 100 to a subsequent branching module 100 through a bolted connection, or similar, using the connection ends 12. The connection ends 14 may be made of a strong, durable material, preferably metal. In the depicted branching module 100, the connection ends 14 are connected to the structural skeleton 26, either directly or as a separate element using a welded or bolted connection. In the absence of the structural skeleton 26, the connection ends 14 may be connected directly to the planter module 22, either integrated directly with planter module 22 or by using a welded or bolted connection.

FIG. 3 provides an exploded view of a planter module 22. The planter module 22 may be made of a rot-resistant material, preferably cork or a cork composites. Cork is preferable because it is a sustainable material with ideal insulating properties to keep plants at a stable temperature. The planter module 22 shown here is fabricated from four parts, which are made using compression moulding of a cork composite (cork granules and a glue binder, or similar) before assembly to form planter module 22. In the planter module 22 shown, the topplanter module 22a and the bottom-planter module 22b are each formed of two parts, the two parts being joined using a glue adhesive, the glue adhesive join being demarcated with a dashed line in FIG. 3. Here, top- and bottom-planter modules 22a and 22b are not adhered together but connect through surface contact when assembled in the branching module 100. It will be appreciated that the planter modules 22 may be made of other materials such as ceramic, glass, plastic, fabric, or metal and may be fabricated in various ways including 3D printing, injection moulding, or computer numerical control (CNC) milling.

As shown in FIG. 3, planter module 22 may comprise an integrated slot 13 to receive a removable side panel 10. The slot 13 shown here is a continuous U-channel sized to receive the thickness of the side panel 10 to make a friction fit connection.

Planter module 22 may include drip ends 12 located at the ends of the bottom branches of the branching module 100. The drip ends 12 are protruding elements sized to fit inside a following branching module (not shown) with an opening at the end of each drip element 12a, 12b, as shown in FIG. 4. The drip ends 12 function to drip excess water from the branching module 100 into an opening at the top of the following branching module. The drip end 12 may provide a large enough opening to create a continuous network of growth media and root systems between tessellated branching modules 100. The drip end 12 may be covered with a fabric to contain growth media within the planter module 22.

The planter module 22 may comprise a structural lip 11 which allows the planter module 22 to rest on top of the structural skeleton 26. The structural lip 11 may present an inset in the surface of the planter module 22. The structural skeleton 26 may occupy the space within the inset to create a friction fit and support the weight of the planter module 22.

FIGS. 4 and 9 provide sectional views of a branching module 100, with a focus on the interior and openings of the system. Here, the interior of the branching module 100 holds growth media in the interior void 32, such as potting soil, peat moss, coco coir and clay pellets. Irrigation water enters the system though an integral irrigation slot 15 adapted to receive an external irrigation pipe, which drips water into the top-planter module 22a; the water is carried through the planter module using gravity. Water may be supplied to the branching module 100 through an external irrigation system. The external irrigation system may either be fed by a tank or may be connected to an outside source, such as a public water supply. Water can also enter the system from the environment through the plant-receiving aperture 20 (shown in both FIGS. 4 and 9) and/or through the optional removable side panel 10 (shown in FIG. 4; shown but not labelled in FIG. 9).

In the branching module 100 of FIG. 4, there are two side panels 10. Each side panel 10 is a removable panel on a bottom branch. The side panels 10 are preferably made of cork or a cork composite; however, they may be made of other materials such as ceramic, glass, plastic, fabric, or metal. Here, the side panels 10 use a friction fit design to attach to the planter module; however, they may connect to the planter module with a bolted connection, a glued connection, or any other kind of securing which allows for attaching and removal of the side panel in question. The side panels 10 allow for easy access into the bottom branches of the branching module 100. The side panels 10 may be porous, as shown in FIG. 4, allowing rainwater to enter the interior of the branching module 100, and the possibility for small plants to sprout out of the side panel. Optionally the side panels are made of a bio-receptive material, such as nutrient inoculated fabric mesh, to stimulate the growth of organisms such as lichen, moss, and algae. It is also possible for the planter module 100 to not have side panels 10.

FIG. 5 provides, in elevation view, a line drawing showing the centre lines of the interior network of a branching module 100. The dotted line 200 demarcates one branching module 100 and is used for reference later, in FIG 6. In the branching module 100 of FIG. 5, there are two branches at the top of the module and two branches at the bottom of the module 100. The circle 40 demarcates where there is an opening to allow for a plant.

FIG. 6 provides, in elevation view, a tessellation of branching modules as shown in FIG. 5. Thus FIG. 6 shows a plurality of branching modules 200 tessellating to create a continuous network. Unique branching modules 300 are seen on the edges of the tessellation, showing a new type of branching module which has two branches on the top and one branch on the bottom. Other kinds of branching patterns, using other forms of tessellated geometries, are envisaged. Different forms of branching modules may be used within the same system, to create unique aesthetics and control over irrigation and growth media.

FIG. 7 shows, in perspective view, a tessellation of branching modules 100 and the formation of a lattice-like screen. The bottom branches of a branching modules 100 connect to the top branches of following branching modules 100. This tessellating structure may suitably be connected to an external structure support system (not shown).

FIG. 8 shows, in perspective view, a tessellation of the branching modules 100 when there are two tessellating sequences that are staggered and overlapping each other to provide a system with greater density. These tessellating structures may suitably be connected to an external structure support system (not shown).

In Figs. 10 to 12, the addition of a water tank 19 is shown, as is the addition of a wicking system. The tank is equipped with inlet 31 for receiving water. In its interior is overflow device 32. Once water fills device 32 to the brim, overflow may pass out of the tank via an outlet 33. Optionally, wick 35 (suitably made of felt or string, although other materials for absorbing and transporting water may be used) extends from the interior of the tank via a wick opening 34 into the planter module of the branching module. An opening is provided in the tank to enable the end of a branch, suitably via a connection end 14, to connect an adjacent branching module to the tank. Thus, a system of branching modules may fluidically interconnect via water tanks, as illustrated in Fig. 12.

Further description

Features of the present disclosure may be described in other words, as follows.

The present invention seeks to provide a solution to various problems by providing a branching module that carries living plants and can tesselate to create a vertical garden. When the branching modules are connected in a system, they create a lattice-like screen, allowing for air and visibility through the structure, and in some embodiments of the invention allow for the system to be used in front of windows. The shape of the branching modules provides continuous drainage and room for plant roots to grow through the module.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention the primary material for the branching module is cork or cork-composite, but other materials such as plastic, metal, ceramic, glass and wood can be imagined. Cork is preferable because it is a sustainable material, and it has high performance thermal insulation properties to keep the living plants at a stable temperature. Cork, however, does not have significant structural capacity, thus, one embodiment of the present invention provides a lightweight structural skeleton, made of metal or a similar material, to support the cork planter.

Greenwalls, also known as living walls or vertical gardens, offer numerous benefits, including reducing air pollution by absorbing harmful chemicals from the air. Green walls can also have positive psychological effects due to the presence of plants. Green walls can also reduce the urban heat island effect, through evaporative cooling and heat absorption. Further Greenwalls can provide noise reduction in urban areas.

Embodiments of the invention provide branching components and method to support living plants. Embodiments of the branching components tessellate to create a lattice-like screen that allows for visibility through the system. The branching components connect to an external structural support system. Some embodiments of the external structure support system are freestanding. Some embodiments of the external structure support system are integrated into an architecfa^adefacade system, window system, or any other kind of architectural division wall. The lattice-like screen can be imagined on the inside of a building or the exterior of a building. The system can also be imagined as a horizontal ceiling. The present invention is described in enabling detail in the following examples, which may represent more than one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1 provides a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention known as the branching module 100. Embodiments of the branching module 100 comprises a planter module 22 which is a vessel, preferably mode of cork or cork-composite, that carries living plants. In some embodiments of the branching module 100, the planter module 22 is supported by the structural skeleton 12, that is preferably made of metal. Embodiments of the branching component 100 include a connection node 18 which mechanically fastens the branching module 100 to an external support structure. Some embodiments of the branching component 100 include a breaking mechanism 16, which allows the branching component 100 to easily be broken in to two parts, a top-assembly 101 and a bottom-assembly 102. The breaking mechanism allows the two assemblies to be joined and un-joined using a bolted connection. In the present embodiment, the top-assembly 101 is comprised of a top- structural skeleton 26a, seen in fig. 2, and top-planter module 22a, seen in fig. 3. In the present embodiment, the bottom-assembly 102 is comprised of a bottom-structural skeleton 26b, seen in fig 2, and bottom-planter module 22b, seen in fig 3. Embodiments of the branching component include connection ends 26 and drip ends 28 which are used to connect the branching module 100 to a following branching module 100, allowing the module to tesselate and create a continuous network as illustrated in fig. 6, 7 and 8.

FIG. 2 provides an exploded view of an embodiment of the structural skeleton 26. In some embodiments of the branching component, a structural skeleton 26 is used to support the planter system. The structural skeleton 26 supports the weight of the planter module and its contents and is made of a strong, durable material, preferably metal. The metal is preferably made of a combination of bent metal pipe and laser cut metal sheet, connected through welding or bolting. The size of pipe and thickness of the metal sheet are determined based on the load requirements of the structure and will vary based on several external factors, such as the overall size of the branching module and the use of the invention. Other methods of constructing the structural skeleton can be imagined. Embodiments of the structural skeleton 26 include a connection node 18. The connection node 18 connects the branching components 100 to the external structure support system using a bolted connection; however, other ways of mechanical fastening can be imagined. The connection node 18 is made of a strong, durable material, preferably metal and is connected, directly or as a separate element using a welded or bolted connection, to the structural skeleton 26. In the absence of the structural skeleton 26, the connection node 18 will be connected to the planter module 22 directly or as a separate element using a welded or bolted connection.

In the present embodiment of the invention, at the point of the breaking mechanism 16 the structural skeleton can be broken in to two parts, 16a which is part of the top-assembly 101, and 16b which is part of the bottom-assembly 102. In the present embodiment, the breaking mechanism uses a bolted connected between two metal plates pressed together at the junction between 16a and 16b.

Embodiments of the structural skeleton include connection ends 12 which are located at the ends of each branching end. Embodiments of the branching module 100 present two connection ends at the top of the branching module 100, shown in the figures as 12a and 12b, and two connection ends at the bottom of the branching module 100, shown in the figures as 12c and 12d. The connection ends 12 connect the branching module 100 to a subsequent branching module 100 through a bolted connection, or similar, using the connection ends 12. The connection ends 12 are made of a strong, durable material, preferably metal. The connection ends 12 are connected to the structural skeleton 26, either directly or as a separate element using a welded or bolted connection. In the absence of the external skeleton 26, the connection ends 12 will be directly connected to the planter module 22 either directly or using a welded or bolted connection.

FIG. 3 provides an exploded view of an embodiment the planter module 22. In the current embodiments the planter module 22 are made of a rot resistant material, preferably cork or cork-composites. Cork is preferable because it is a sustainable material, and it has ideal insulating properties to keep the plants at a stable temperature. In this embodiment the planter module 22 is fabricated out of four parts which are made using compression moulding of cork-composite (cork granules and a glue binder, or similar) before coming together to create an assembled structure. In this embodiment of the planter module 22 the top-planter module 22a and the bottom-planter module 22b both come together in two parts, using a glue adhesive, demarcated with a dashed line in the fig 3. In this embodiment parts 22a and 22b are not adhered together but connect through surface contact when assembled in the branching module 100. It can be imagined that the planter modules 22 are made of other materials such as ceramic, glass, plastic, fabric, or metal and are fabricated in various ways including 3d printing, injection moulding, or CNC milling.

Embodiments of the planter module 22 comprise an integrated slot 13 to receive a removable side panel 10. In this embodiment, the slot 13 is a continuous U-channel sized to receive the thickness of the side panel 10 to make a friction fit connection.

Embodiments of the planter module 22 include a drip end 12 located at the ends the bottom branching elements on the branching module 100. The drip end 12 are a protruding element sized to fit inside of the following branching module with an opening at their ends. The drip end 12 functions to drip the excess water of the branching module 100 into an opening at the top of the following branching module 100. Some embodiments of the drip end 12 present a large enough opening to create a continuous network of growing media and root systems between the tessellated branching modules 100. In some embodiments the drip end 8 is covered with a fabric to contain the growing media within the planter module. Embodiments of the planter module 22 comprise a structural lip 11 which allows the planter module 22 to rest on top of the structural skeleton 26. Embodiments of the structural lip 11 present an inset in the surface of the planter module 22. The structural skeleton 26 occupies the space within the inset to create a friction fit and support the weight of the planter module 22.

FIG. 4 provides a section view of an embodiment of the branching module 100 with a focus on the interior and openings of the system. In this embodiment, the interior of the branching module 100 holds growing media in the interior void 32, such as potting soil, peat moss, coco coir and clay pellets. Irrigation water enters the system though an integral irrigation slot 15 adapted to receive an external irrigation pipe, which drips water into the top-planter module 22a and the water is carried through the planter module using gravity. Water may be supplied to the branching component 100 through an external irrigation system. The external irrigation system may either be fed by a water butt (not shown) or may be connected to an outside source such as a public water supply (not shown). Water can also enter the system from the environment through the plant opening 14 or removable side panel 10.

In this embodiment of the invention there are two side panels 10. The side panel 10 is a removable panel on the bottom legs of the planter module. The side panels 10 are preferably made of cork or cork-composites; however, it can be imagined that they are made of other materials such as ceramic, glass, plastic, fabric, or metal. The side panels 10 use a friction fit design to attach to the planter module; however, it can be imagined that the side panel connects to the planter module with a bolted connection, a glued connection, or any other kind of securing which allows for attaching and removal of the side panel. The side panel 10 allows for easy access into the bottom branches of the branching component. Some embodiments of the side panel 10 are porous, as seen in the figure, and allow for rainwater to enterthe interior of the branching component, and the possibility for small plants to sprout out of the side panel. Some embodiments of the side panel are made of a bio receptive material such as nutrient inoculated fabric mesh, to stimulate the growth of organisms such as lichen, moss, and algae. It is also possible to imagine the planter module without the side panel.

Fig. 5 provides, in elevation view, a line drawing showing the centrelines of the interior network of an embodiment of the branching module 100. The dotted line 200 demarcates one branching module 100 used for reference later in Fig 6. In this embodiment of the invention, there are two branches at the top of the module and two branches at the bottom of the module. The circle 40 demarcates where there is an opening in this embodiment to allow for a plant.

Fig. 6 provides, in elevation view, a tessellation of the figure as shown in fig. 5. The present embodiment shows a plurality of branching modules 200 tessellating to create a continuous network. Unique branching modules 300 are seen on the edges of the tessellation, showing a new type of branching module which has two branches on the top and one branch on the bottom. Other kinds of branching patterns, using other forms of tessellated geometries, can be imagined. The invention can use different forms of branching modules within the same system, to create unique aesthetics and control the irrigation and growing media within the invention.

Fig. 7 provides, in perspective view, an embodiment of a tessellation of the branching module and the formation of a lattice-like screen. The bottoms of the branching modules 100, connect to the top of the following branching module 100. This tessellating structure would be connected to an external structure support system.

Fig. 8 provides, in perspective view, an embodiment of a tessellation of the branching modules 100 when there are two tessellates sequences that are staggered and overlapping each other to provide a system with greater density. These tessellating structures would be connected to an external structure support system.

Clauses

Further aspects of the disclosure are set out in the following numbered Clauses, which are not to be confused with the claims.

1. A branching module for vertical gardening, comprising a planter module for holding living plants, and a connection node for mechanically fastening the branching module to an external support structure.

2. The branching module of clause 1, wherein the planter module is supported by a structural skeleton. The branching module of clause 1, further comprising a breaking mechanism that allows the branching module to be easily separated into two parts, a top-assembly and a bottom-assembly. The branching module of clause 1, wherein the planter module is made of cork or corkcomposite. The branching module of clause 1, wherein the planter module is made of plastic. The branching module of clause 1, wherein the planter module is made of metal. The branching module of clause 1, wherein the planter module is made of ceramic. The structural skeleton of clause 2, wherein the structural skeleton is made of metal. The structural skeleton of clause 2, wherein the structural skeleton is made of plastic. The branching module of clause 1, further comprising connection ends and drip ends for connecting the branching module to a following branching module, allowing the module to tessellate and create a continuous network. A system for vertical gardening, comprising a plurality of branching modules in accordance with clause 1, connected to an external structural support system to create a lattice-like screen that allows for visibility through the system. The system of clause 10, wherein the external structural support system is freestanding. The system of clause 10, wherein the external structural support system is integrated into an architectural facade system, window system, or any other kind of architectural division wall. The system of clause 10, wherein the lattice-like screen can be located on the inside of a building or the exterior of a building, or as a horizontal ceiling. A method of creating a vertical garden, comprising connecting a plurality of branching modules in accordance with clause 1 to an external structural support system to create a lattice-like screen, filling the planter modules with soil and living plants, and allowing the plants to grow through the module. The structural skeleton of clause 2, and the branching module of clause 1, wherein the branching module rests on top of the structural skeleton, supported using a friction fit.

Claims

2. The branching module of claim 1, wherein the planter module comprises:

- an intersection and at least three fluidically interconnected hollow branches extending from the intersection; an inlet and an outlet adapted for the drainage of liquid; and a plant-receiving aperture, the planter module defining an interior void extending from the inlet to the outlet.

3. The branching module of claim 2, wherein the inlet is located at the end of one branch and the outlet is located at the end of another branch.

4. The branching module of claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the branches are or comprise upper and lower branches, the planter module being shaped and configured for water to flow from the upper to the lower branches.

5. The branching module of claim 4, wherein the branches are arranged such that: a or each lower branch is adapted to interconnect fluidically with a or each upper branch of a following lower planter module of a following lower branching module; and/or a or each upper branch is adapted to interconnect fluidically with a or each lower branch of a following upper planter module of a following upper branching module.

6. The branching module of any preceding claim, comprising at least one liquid transfer device adapted for transferring liquid to a following branching module.

7. The branching module of claim 6, wherein the liquid transfer device is or comprises one or more of: drip end(s), connection end(s), water tank(s) and wick(s).

8. The branching module of any preceding claim, wherein the planter module is made of or comprises one or both of cork and a cork composite.

9. The branching module of any preceding claim, further comprising a structural skeleton supporting the planter module.

10. The branching module of claim 9, wherein the structural skeleton is an open framework in contact with an outer surface of the planter module.

11. The branching module of claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the structural skeleton is made of or comprises one or both of metal and plastic.

12. The branching module of any preceding claim, further comprising one or more breaking mechanisms for separating the branching module into two or more assemblies, each assembly comprising a part of the planter module and (when dependent on claim 9) a part of the structural skeleton.

13. A system for vertical gardening comprising a plurality of branching modules in accordance with any preceding claim.

14. The system of claim 13, further comprising an external structural support system for supporting the plurality of branching modules.

15. The system of claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the network comprises branching modules that differ in their number of branches.

16. The system of any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein two or more continuous or semi- continuous networks of branching modules are disposed to overlap one in front of the other.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the overlap is a staggered overlap.

18. A method of forming a vertical garden, comprising connecting a plurality of branching modules in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 to form a system in accordance with any one of claims 13 to 17.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising one or both of the following steps: (i) filling one or more of the planter modules with growth media and living plants, and (ii) allowing the plants to grow through one or more of the planter modules.