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WO2024231582A1 - Formwork system for large-span lintels - Google Patents

Formwork system for large-span lintels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024231582A1
WO2024231582A1 PCT/ES2023/070291 ES2023070291W WO2024231582A1 WO 2024231582 A1 WO2024231582 A1 WO 2024231582A1 ES 2023070291 W ES2023070291 W ES 2023070291W WO 2024231582 A1 WO2024231582 A1 WO 2024231582A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lattices
pair
fixed
lintel
formwork system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/ES2023/070291
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rafael LÁZARO ZAMACOLA
Manuel GONZÁLEZ PUIG
Maximilian KOSCHMIEDER DE JUAN
Michal KRUPA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Encofrados J Alsina SA
Original Assignee
Encofrados J Alsina SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Encofrados J Alsina SA filed Critical Encofrados J Alsina SA
Priority to PCT/ES2023/070291 priority Critical patent/WO2024231582A1/en
Publication of WO2024231582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024231582A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
    • E04G13/04—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for lintels, beams, or transoms to be encased separately; Special tying or clamping means therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-supporting formwork system for the construction of bridges, roads and concrete elements with large spans and dimensions, while providing a work platform for operators generated by the bottom of the formwork itself, greatly facilitating the subsequent stripping of the formwork and reducing the associated tasks.
  • Document US2022042259A1 discloses a formwork system including a plurality of lateral formwork elements configured to face a concrete structure, a horizontal formwork panel configured to support the concrete structure and at least one work platform, wherein the system is configured to be split in a longitudinal direction and disassembled from the concrete structure into two discrete parts.
  • US2019383041 A1 discloses a metal concrete form panel having a face sheet secured to a perimeter flange including side rails and end helixes. One or more tie ribs extend between the end rails.
  • a bolt block is secured at each corner to the perimeter flange where the side rails meet the end helixes.
  • a bar is located spaced within each side rail and extends between and is secured to each of the opposing bolt block pairs of the associated end rail and is also secured to each intermediate tie rib and to the face sheet.
  • the present invention describes a self-supporting formwork system for the construction of bridges, roads and concrete elements of large spans and dimensions, while providing a work platform for operators generated by the bottom of the formwork itself.
  • the present invention allows the production of very long span formwork by selecting a series of elements and a system for coupling them which allows not only the extension of the supporting elements as required, but also the assurance that the rigidity and stability of the structure is maintained, for which the maximum reduction in weight of the construction elements with the maximum load capacity has been sought.
  • the invention allows the concrete structure that forms the lintel to be carried out by eliminating any type of tool system below the bottom of the formwork used to form the lintel. Thanks to the groove of the invention, different pieces can be coupled along the entire length of the same.
  • the invention relates to a formwork system for large span lintels intended to rest on piles that incorporate a bracket with profiles of load distribution supported by a background panel that acts as the background of the lintel formwork and which comprises a lateral structure fixed to the background panel longitudinally on each of the sides, where each of the lateral structures is configured as a pair of lattices separated by a distance between 3cm and 20cm which generates a groove.
  • Each of the lattices comprises an end cord fixed to each of the longitudinal sides and, in addition, the pair of lattices is extendable both in height and longitudinally.
  • the bottom panel is connected to one of the pairs of lattices by a hinge system and is also extendable longitudinally to fit the pairs of lattices together.
  • the extension of the pair of lattices in height is preferably carried out by joining the respective extreme cords of two pairs of lattices, generating a pair of intermediate cords.
  • the end chord comprises a pair of wings and is attached to the lattice by one of the wings, preferably through the wings using high-strength screws.
  • system may include clips that secure the cords of each pair of lattices to extend them longitudinally and keep the width of the groove constant.
  • the laces can be joined by a loop or also by two loops, securing the two laces by their two pairs of wings.
  • the clip is preferably configured by a rail with a plurality of holes and comprises:
  • the hinge preferably consists of a hinge body comprising an elongated hole and a hinge connector connected to the hinge body through the elongated hole by means of a pin.
  • the system may also comprise a coupling for fixing the cords of a pair of lattices by means of a tying bar, which has a rectangular prismatic configuration and comprises:
  • the system may also comprise a cross beam fixed to the bottom panel and a bracing brace fixed at the ends to the through hole of a coupling fixed to the chords of a pair of trusses and to the cross beam.
  • It may also comprise another cross beam fixed to the other end of the trusses and two bracing braces, each bracing brace fixed at the ends to the through hole of a coupling fixed to the intermediate chords of a pair of trusses and to each of the cross beams.
  • system may also comprise a bracing brace fixed to the formwork and a coupling fixed to the pair of trusses located on each side of the formwork.
  • Figure 1 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the formwork system of the invention without incorporating the lintel formwork.
  • Figure 2 represents a side view of a second embodiment of the formwork system of the invention.
  • Figure 3 represents a front view of the lattice of the system of the invention.
  • Figure 4 represents a cross section of the lattice of the system of the invention extended in height.
  • Figure 5 shows a front view of two embodiments of the cords that finish the longitudinal perimeters of the lattices in Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 shows a side view with enlargement of the height connection method of two pairs of lattices.
  • Figure 7 represents a perspective view of a clip.
  • Figure 8 represents a side view of a pair of lattices joined with loops by the extreme cords and by the intermediate cord.
  • Figure 9 represents three phases of the assembly process of a clip to the cords of a pair of lattices.
  • Figure 10 represents a perspective view of a hinge body of the hinge with which the panels are folded down.
  • Figure 11 represents a perspective view of the connector to the hinge with which the panels are folded down.
  • Figures 12A, 12B and 12C represent front views of three sequential phases of the lintel formwork and stripping process.
  • Figure 13 shows a front view of the system with the bottom panel folded down once the lintel has been concreting and the formwork has been removed.
  • Figure 14 shows the lowered bottom panel attached to the lattice by a hinge using shear bolts that secure the body of the hinge to the lattice to restrict the structure from tipping over during lifting.
  • Figure 15 shows the fixing of the lattice to the background panel through the groove between the pair of lattices.
  • Figure 16 represents a centering device for distributing and lowering the load to the brackets.
  • Figure 17 represents the lattice connected to the pile by means of the centering device.
  • Figure 18 shows a coupling for fixing the cords using tie bars.
  • Figure 19A shows the coupling in the working position on an end cord.
  • Figure 19B shows the coupling in the working position on an intermediate cord.
  • the present invention relates to a self-supporting formwork for the construction of bridges, roads and concrete elements of large spans and dimensions, while providing a work platform for operators generated by the bottom of the formwork itself, greatly facilitating the subsequent stripping of the formwork and reducing the associated tasks.
  • the invention is focused on the use of formwork (3) for the execution of long-span lintels (4) in locations where the space under the lintel (4) is limited. Furthermore, due to traffic circulation or geographical features (rivers, ravines, protected areas, etc.), it is not possible to lower the temporary formwork structure along most of its length since it would hinder the circulation of vehicles, for example, by resting directly on the previously executed piles (1).
  • the invention provides the maximum possible clearance below this, since the solution works hanging on the lower extreme chord (6) of the lattices (5), and not as usually, where the lattice (5) works on the upper extreme chord (6), below the structure to be built.
  • the system comprises the following main elements:
  • load brackets (2a) located mainly on the piles (1), although they can also be located on other load-bearing elements of the structure where they are going to be built.
  • Load distribution profiles (2) are located on them, on which the structure of the system will rest.
  • lattice (5) configured in double parallel panel.
  • This is a modular system of lattice beams with a high load capacity and, at the same time, a very light weight in relation to the load they can support.
  • the lattices (5) are presented in pairs with two objectives. The first is that they can allow the fixing work through the space of the separation or groove (28) existing between them. The second is that, with this configuration, the structure weighs much less than if it were a single one of greater dimension to support the same effort. This is always an advantage that is sought in work at height, where both the greater load capacity and the weight reduction are essential characteristics to take into account.
  • bottom panel (17) configured as a modular system of multi-hole panels with a high load-bearing capacity.
  • the system of the invention offers the possibility of acting as a supporting platform for formwork and also as a work platform due to the great versatility of its accessories and the medullary nature of all the elements,
  • the enormous scalability of the truss system (5) is made possible due to the possibility of extending the trusses (5), both in height and length.
  • the lattices (5) are finished longitudinally, both at the bottom and top, by an end chord (6).
  • These end chords (6) can have any of the configurations shown in figure 4, having a very similar behavior.
  • the lattice (5) is symmetrical, so it is independent of whether the end chord (6) of the upper zone is in the highest or lowest zone of the lattice (5).
  • These end chords (6) can have any of the configurations shown in figure 4, having a very similar behavior.
  • Figure 5 represents a pair of lattices extended in height by means of high-resistance screws to generate an intermediate chord (7) by joining two extreme chords (6). This resulting structure is very resistant as well as very simplified.
  • the screws are arranged regularly along the entire length of the chords (6, 7), to absorb mainly the vertical and longitudinal shear force.
  • the longitudinal extension of the lattices (5) is carried out by means of clips (8), such as the one shown in figure 7.
  • This clip (8) is compatible with any of the different configurations of the cords (6, 7) that the lattices (5) can incorporate, as discussed above, and they are compatible with both the top and bottom faces in the three cords (6, 7) that the lattices (5) can incorporate, whether it is the lower one, the upper one, or even the intermediate one formed by two extreme cords (6) when the lattices (5) have been extended in height.
  • the number of cords (6, 7) to be connected, as well as the spacing between clips (8) is the result of the level of request of the action that is being carried out in particular.
  • the lattices (5) come in pairs, leaving a separation between them of between 3 cm and 20 cm, preferably 7 cm, generating a groove (28) that allows the incorporation of couplings (24) along the entire length of the lattices (5).
  • the clips (8) have to fix the two lattices (5) of the pair, so the length of the clips (8) must cover the width of the two cords (6, 7), including the groove (28).
  • Figure 8 represents a pair of lattices (5) joined with clips (8) by the extreme cords (6) and by the intermediate cord (7).
  • both the upper end cord (6) and the intermediate cord (7) are fixed by two clips (8), one above and one below.
  • the lower end cord (6) is only fixed to one clip (8), by the upper part.
  • the clip (8) is configured by a rail (9) that incorporates two intermediate holes in addition to a mobile element configured by an elongated plate (10) that, on the upper side, incorporates a handle (11) that passes through the rail (9) and, on the lower side, incorporates two union nuts (12), firmly fixed.
  • the union nuts (12) are positioned in correspondence with the intermediate holes of the rail (9), for the introduction and threading of the respective union bolts (13) by simply turning the handle (11) until the elongated plate (10) is aligned with the rail (9). In this way, an operator is prevented from having to insert his hand or any tool to carry out the fixing of the clip (8) to the cords (6, 7) of the pair of lattices (5), greatly speeding up the assembly.
  • the clip (8) has a hole at each end for fixing the cords (6, 7) using the corresponding additional bolts (15) and additional nuts (14).
  • additional bolts (15) are located on the outside of the lattices (5), fixing them to the additional nuts (14) is done by hand without any major difficulty.
  • FIG. 9 shows a clip (8) in the process of assembling the cords (6, 7) of a pair of lattices (5): the placement of the clip (8) on the lattices (5), the turning of the handle (11) to align the elongated plate (10) with the rail (9), and the introduction of the connecting bolts (13) and the additional fixings (12, 13).
  • the clips (8) guarantee a correct parallelism between the planes of the two lattices (5) of the pair along the length of the system of the invention, since they precisely position the two cords (6, 7) relative to each other.
  • the clip (8) incorporates perforated lugs (16) that allow connecting multiple stabilizing elements such as braces and tie rods, to stabilize both the lattices (5) and the internal formwork of the system of the invention.
  • the bottom panel (17) of the system of the invention has the particularity of being foldable. This achieves great versatility, since it is not necessary to disassemble elements to work with others.
  • the system incorporates hinges made up of a hinge body (20), as shown in Figure 10, and a hinge connector (21) as shown in Figure 11.
  • the connector (21) is joined to the body (20) by means of a pin of the kind known in the state of the art, which is housed in the elongated hole (22).
  • the body (20) incorporates projections (31) and delimiters (32), whose function is to sit on both sides of the cords (6, 7) of the pair of lattices (5) and to be able to absorb forces in the direction of the channel that they configure.
  • Figures 12A-12C represent the process for carrying out the lintel formwork (4).
  • Figure 12A represents a pile (1) that incorporates a bracket (2a) with the load distribution profiles (2) where the two pairs of lattices (5) are located, one on each side of the place intended to house the formwork (3) of the lintel (4).
  • a background panel (17) in a folded position, with some cross beams (18) that are already assembled on it and also assembled on the upper extreme chord (6) for fixing to the intermediate chords (7) of the lattices (5) by means of bracing braces (19).
  • Figure 12B shows a later step in the formwork process of the lintel (4) where the bottom panel (17) has been folded into the working position and the cross beams (18) have also been fixed to the intermediate chords (7) of the lattices (5) by means of bracing braces (19). With this configuration, the formwork (3) has been placed to carry out the construction of the lintel (4) until it has set.
  • Figure 12C represents a final step in the process of forming the lintel (4), which has already set and the formwork (3) has been removed.
  • the bracing braces (19) that fixed the bottom panel (17) to the lattices (5) have also been removed, and can be folded down to allow the formwork (17) to be removed easily.
  • cross beams have a transverse dimension that is considerably greater than the width of the bottom panel (17) in order to ensure that the force supported by the bracing braces (19) is as high as possible.
  • Figure 13 shows that, once the concrete has set, it is possible to lower the bottom panel (17) again to allow for the stripping of the formwork, carrying out this process by lifting it without having to dismantle the entire assembly. In this way, work at height is minimised and the time associated with stripping the formwork is greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 14 shows the lowered bottom panel (17) where the hinge body (20) is attached to the lattice (5) and the hinge connector (21) is attached to the bottom panel (17).
  • the projections (31) are located between the end cords (6) and the delimiters (32) are located outside the end cords (6), while shear screws (23) pass through the delimiters (32) of the hinge body (20), with the aim of restricting the overturning of the structure with the lowered bottom panel (17) during lifting.
  • the complete set or parts can be assembled, making it possible to connect folded parts of the bottom panel (17) to bring them into position once assembled in the structure of the system of the invention.
  • the design of the hinge body (20) is essential to ensure an equal distribution of the load between both planes of the lattice (5), since it restricts the lateral movement of the bottom panel (17) but, except in the lifting and lowering phase with the lowered position, it does not restrict its vertical movement due to the use of the elongated hole (22) to carry out the lowering.
  • the hinge connection through the continuous separation generated by the groove (28) of the pair of lattices (5) allows total freedom of movement when fixing the bottom panel (17) longitudinally, without the need to condition its position with respect to the lattice (5).
  • This fixing is carried out by means of a tie bar (29) as shown in figure 15.
  • threaded connectors (30) are used to fix the cross beams (18) to the bottom panel (17), something that is done before raising the system.
  • the most interesting function they have is to be able to fix the assembly formed by the bottom panel (17) with the cross beams (18) to the extreme chords (6) of the lattices (5) by means of the tie bars (29), because this fixation is carried out from the top of the bottom panel (17), inserting the fixing elements through the groove (28) of the lattices (5) and the spaces of the bottom panel itself (17).
  • the bottom panel (17) is on the ground when the louvers (5) are attached. Without the threaded connectors (30), the attachment of the louvers (5) to the bottom panel (17) would have to be done manually, which would require inserting the hand under the bottom panel (17), which requires lifting the bottom panel (17) off the ground and working at the top and bottom of the system at the same time. With the threaded connectors (30) the system can only be attached from above.
  • the threaded connector (30) is necessary for lifting the cross beams (18) and fixing them to the bottom panel (17) before proceeding to concreting the lintel (4), when it would stop working.
  • the system of the invention is also configured to carry out the lowering of large loads, of up to 300 tons, by quadruple reinforced upright.
  • the centring device (25) shown in figure 16 a high load transmission part, is used.
  • the system of the invention provides a great capacity for multiple bracing to stabilize the structure according to the geometry and dimensions available. In the same way, it also has the capacity to plumb the formwork (3) of the lintel (4).
  • the piece in charge of performing this function is the coupling (24), which can be located in any of the chords (6, 7) of the lattice (5).
  • Figure 18 shows a coupling (24) in which its essential characteristics can be distinguished. On the one hand, it can be seen that it incorporates through holes (26) at the ends for fixing the bracing braces (19).
  • a safety pin (27) is responsible for passing through the assembly formed by the coupling (24) and a bracing brace (19) to carry out the distribution of forces.
  • the incorporation of a safety pin that passes through a safety hole incorporated in the coupling (24) has also been considered to ensure that the joint will not be uncoupled because the safety pin (27) could come out of the through hole (26).
  • the coupling (24) also incorporates three holes for the insertion of the tie bars (29).
  • Figure 19A shows a coupling (24) supported on the wings of the extreme chords (6) of a pair of lattices (5), fixed by means of three tie bars (29), one by the groove (28) between the two lattices (5), to fix the chords (6, 7) by the most distant wings, and the other two by each of the outer areas, to fix the chords (6, 7) by the wings where it rests.
  • the coupling (24) is fixed to a bracing brace (19) with its corresponding safety pin (27) which, at the other end, is fixed to a cross beam (18).
  • figure 19B is focused on lattices (5) extended in height and represents two couplings (24) fixed in the intermediate chord (7).
  • one of the couplings (24) is fixed to a bracing brace (19) which is intended to be fixed to a cross beam (18) located in the upper area of the structure, fixed to the upper end chord (6).
  • the other coupling (24) is intended to be fixed to a cross beam (18) located in the lower area, fixed to the bottom panel (17). In this way, a “K” shoring is generated that guarantees the stability of the assembly during the formwork and concreting position.
  • a bracing brace (19) can also be fixed to secure the formwork (3) of the lintel (4) with the intermediate chord (7) to achieve an even more stable, rigid and resistant structure.
  • the groove (28) is an essential element for the operation of the system of the invention, as it allows the bottom panel (17) to be fixed to the lattices (5) by means of the tie bars (29) at any longitudinal point of the lattice (5), in addition to the fixings that have been mentioned, such as the couplings (24) and the clips (8).

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a formwork system for large-span lintels which is intended to be supported on pillars (1) that incorporate a bracket (2) with load distribution profiles (2) on which a bottom panel (17) which acts as the bottom of the formwork (3) for the lintel (4) is supported, comprising a pair of trusses (5), separated by a distance of between 3 cm and 20 cm generating a groove (28), and longitudinally fixed to the bottom panel (17) on each of the sides, wherein each truss (5) comprises an end beam (6) fixed to each of the longitudinal sides, the pair of trusses (5) being vertically and longitudinally extendable, and the bottom panel (17) is attached to one of the pairs of trusses (5) by means of a hinge system and is longitudinally extendable for coupling the pairs of trusses (5).

Description

SISTEMA DE ENCOFRADO DE DINTELES DE GRANDES LUCES

Figure imgf000003_0001
LARGE SPAN LINTEL FORMWORK SYSTEM
Figure imgf000003_0001

OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de encofrado autoportante para la ejecución de puentes, carreteras y elementos de hormigón de grandes luces y dimensiones, a la vez que proporciona una plataforma de trabajo para los operarios que genera el propio fondo del encofrado, facilitando en gran medida el posterior desencofrado y reduciendo las tareas asociadas. The present invention relates to a self-supporting formwork system for the construction of bridges, roads and concrete elements with large spans and dimensions, while providing a work platform for operators generated by the bottom of the formwork itself, greatly facilitating the subsequent stripping of the formwork and reducing the associated tasks.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

En el estado de la técnica se conocen sistemas de encofrado autoportantes de grandes luces y dimensiones para la ejecución de puentes y carreteras. In the state of the art, self-supporting formwork systems with large spans and dimensions are known for the construction of bridges and roads.

Sin embargo, estas obras presentan complicaciones adicionales cuando se trata de ejecutarse en espacios donde ya existen otras carreteras o incluso puentes. However, these works present additional complications when they are carried out in spaces where other roads or even bridges already exist.

De esta forma, cuando se lleva a cabo la realización de una nueva construcción, como un paso elevado sobre una carretera ya existente, es necesario llevar a cabo el proceso de construcción sin tener que interrumpir el tráfico en la vía ya existente. Este aspecto no suele presentar problemas, en cuanto que la carretera existente suele tener un ancho que es fácilmente salvable con las actuales tecnologías de construcción. Thus, when a new construction is being built, such as an overpass over an existing road, it is necessary to carry out the construction process without having to interrupt traffic on the existing road. This aspect does not usually present any problems, since the existing road usually has a width that is easily overcome with current construction technologies.

El problema se agrava cuando ya existe un puente que pasa sobre una carretera y debe realizarse una nueva vía entre medias. Entonces, las alturas de trabajo están muy limitadas y no pueden utilizarse los medios conocidos. The problem is aggravated when there is already a bridge over a road and a new road has to be built between it. Working heights are then very limited and known means cannot be used.

El documento US2022042259A1 divulga un sistema de encofrado que incluye una pluralidad de elementos de encofrado laterales configurados para enfrentarse a una estructura de hormigón, un panel de encofrado horizontal configurado para soportar la estructura de hormigón y al menos una plataforma de trabajo, en el que el sistema está configurado para dividirse en una dirección longitudinal y desmontarse de la estructura de hormigón en dos partes discretas. El documento US2019383041 A1 divulga un panel de forma de concreto metálico que tiene una lámina frontal asegurada a un reborde perimetral que incluye rieles laterales y heles de extremo. Uno o más nervios de unión se extienden entre los rieles extremos. Se asegura un bloque de pernos en cada esquina a la brida del perímetro donde los rieles laterales se unen con los heles de los extremos. Una barra está ubicada espaciada dentro de cada riel lateral y se extiende entre y se asegura a cada uno de los pares de bloques de pernos opuestos del riel de extremo asociado y también se asegura a cada nervadura de unión intermedia y a la lámina frontal. Document US2022042259A1 discloses a formwork system including a plurality of lateral formwork elements configured to face a concrete structure, a horizontal formwork panel configured to support the concrete structure and at least one work platform, wherein the system is configured to be split in a longitudinal direction and disassembled from the concrete structure into two discrete parts. US2019383041 A1 discloses a metal concrete form panel having a face sheet secured to a perimeter flange including side rails and end helixes. One or more tie ribs extend between the end rails. A bolt block is secured at each corner to the perimeter flange where the side rails meet the end helixes. A bar is located spaced within each side rail and extends between and is secured to each of the opposing bolt block pairs of the associated end rail and is also secured to each intermediate tie rib and to the face sheet.

Estas invenciones permiten la realización de encofrados de dinteles con una limitación predeterminada en altura. These inventions allow the creation of lintel formwork with a predetermined height limitation.

DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCION DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención describe un sistema de encofrado autoportante para la ejecución de puentes, carreteras y elementos de hormigón de grandes luces y dimensiones, a la vez que proporciona una plataforma de trabajo para los operarios que genera el propio fondo del encofrado. The present invention describes a self-supporting formwork system for the construction of bridges, roads and concrete elements of large spans and dimensions, while providing a work platform for operators generated by the bottom of the formwork itself.

Los documentos del estado de la técnica citados en el apartado anterior se enfocan en esta capacidad. Sin embargo, es cierto que las estructuras que utilizan tienen una luz máxima determinada que no pueden rebasar. The state of the art documents cited in the previous section focus on this capacity. However, it is true that the structures they use have a certain maximum span that they cannot exceed.

La presente invención permite la realización de encofrados de muy larga luz mediante la selección de una serie de elementos y de un sistema para acoplarlos que permite no solo la extensión de los elementos portantes según sea necesario, sino también la seguridad de que se mantiene la rigidez y estabilidad de la estructura, para lo que se ha buscado la máxima reducción de peso de los elementos constructivos con la máxima capacidad de carga. Así, la invención permite que la estructura de hormigón que forma el dintel se pueda llevar a cabo eliminando cualquier tipo de sistema de apero por debajo del fondo del encofrado utilizado para el conformado del dintel. Gracias a la acanaladura de la invención se pueden acoplar diferentes piezas a lo largo de toda la longitud de la misma. The present invention allows the production of very long span formwork by selecting a series of elements and a system for coupling them which allows not only the extension of the supporting elements as required, but also the assurance that the rigidity and stability of the structure is maintained, for which the maximum reduction in weight of the construction elements with the maximum load capacity has been sought. Thus, the invention allows the concrete structure that forms the lintel to be carried out by eliminating any type of tool system below the bottom of the formwork used to form the lintel. Thanks to the groove of the invention, different pieces can be coupled along the entire length of the same.

De esta forma, la invención se refiere a un sistema de encofrado de dinteles de grandes luces destinado a apoyarse en unas pilas que incorporan una ménsula con unos perfiles de reparto de cargas donde apoya un panel de fondo que hace de fondo del encofrado del dintel y que comprende una estructura lateral fijada al panel de fondo longitudinalmente por cada uno de los lados, donde cada una de las estructuras laterales está configurada como un par de celosías separadas una distancia entre 3cm y 20cm que genera una acanaladura. Thus, the invention relates to a formwork system for large span lintels intended to rest on piles that incorporate a bracket with profiles of load distribution supported by a background panel that acts as the background of the lintel formwork and which comprises a lateral structure fixed to the background panel longitudinally on each of the sides, where each of the lateral structures is configured as a pair of lattices separated by a distance between 3cm and 20cm which generates a groove.

Cada una de las celosías comprende un cordón extremo fijado a cada uno de los lados longitudinales y, además, el par de celosías es extensible tanto en altura como longitudinalmente. Each of the lattices comprises an end cord fixed to each of the longitudinal sides and, in addition, the pair of lattices is extendable both in height and longitudinally.

Por su parte, el panel de fondo está unido a uno de los pares de celosías mediante un sistema de bisagras y también es extensible longitudinalmente para el acoplamiento de los pares de celosías. The bottom panel is connected to one of the pairs of lattices by a hinge system and is also extendable longitudinally to fit the pairs of lattices together.

La extensión del par de celosías en altura preferiblemente se realiza mediante la unión de los respectivos cordones extremos de dos pares de celosías, generando un par de cordones intermedios. The extension of the pair of lattices in height is preferably carried out by joining the respective extreme cords of two pairs of lattices, generating a pair of intermediate cords.

También de forma preferida, el cordón extremo comprende un par de alas y está unido a la celosía por una de las alas, preferentemente a través de las alas mediante tornillos de alta resistencia. Also preferably, the end chord comprises a pair of wings and is attached to the lattice by one of the wings, preferably through the wings using high-strength screws.

Por otra parte, el sistema puede comprender unas presillas que fijan los cordones de cada par de celosías para extenderlas longitudinalmente y mantener constante la anchura de la acanaladura. Furthermore, the system may include clips that secure the cords of each pair of lattices to extend them longitudinally and keep the width of the groove constant.

Los cordones pueden estar unidos por una presilla o también por dos presillas, fijando los dos cordones por sus dos pares de alas. The laces can be joined by a loop or also by two loops, securing the two laces by their two pairs of wings.

La presilla preferentemente está configurada por un carril con una pluralidad de orificios y comprende: The clip is preferably configured by a rail with a plurality of holes and comprises:

- una pletina alargada, - an elongated plate,

- un asa, sólidamente unida a la pletina alargada, que atraviesa el carril, y - a handle, firmly attached to the elongated plate, which passes through the rail, and

- unas tuercas de unión, sólidamente unidas a la pletina alargada, que quedan en correspondencia con dos orificios del carril. Por otro lado, la bisagra preferentemente está conformada por un cuerpo de bisagra que comprende un agujero rasgado y un conector de bisagra unido al cuerpo de bisagra a través del agujero rasgado mediante un pasador. - some union nuts, firmly attached to the elongated plate, which correspond to two holes in the rail. On the other hand, the hinge preferably consists of a hinge body comprising an elongated hole and a hinge connector connected to the hinge body through the elongated hole by means of a pin.

El sistema también puede comprender un acople para la fijación de los cordones de un par de celosías mediante una barra de atado, que tiene una configuración prismática rectangular y comprende: The system may also comprise a coupling for fixing the cords of a pair of lattices by means of a tying bar, which has a rectangular prismatic configuration and comprises:

- tres orificios en unas caras paralelas, uno ubicado en cada extremo y otro intermedio- three holes on parallel faces, one located at each end and another in the middle

- un agujero pasante en cada extremo de las otras caras paralelas, y - a through hole at each end of the other parallel faces, and

- un pasador de seguridad destinado a insertarse en uno de los agujeros pasantes. - a safety pin intended to be inserted into one of the through holes.

El sistema también puede comprender una viga transversal fijada al panel de fondo y una tornapunta de arriostramiento fijada por los extremos al agujero pasante de un acople fijado a los cordones de un par de celosías y a la viga transversal. The system may also comprise a cross beam fixed to the bottom panel and a bracing brace fixed at the ends to the through hole of a coupling fixed to the chords of a pair of trusses and to the cross beam.

Además, también puede comprender otra viga transversal fijada al otro extremo de las celosías y dos tornapuntas de arriostramiento, cada tornapunta de arriostramiento fijada por los extremos al agujero pasante de un acople fijado a los cordones intermedios de un par de celosías y a cada una de las vigas transversales. It may also comprise another cross beam fixed to the other end of the trusses and two bracing braces, each bracing brace fixed at the ends to the through hole of a coupling fixed to the intermediate chords of a pair of trusses and to each of the cross beams.

Por último, el sistema también puede comprender una tornapunta de arriostramiento fijada al encofrado y a un acople fijado al par de celosías ubicado a cada lado del encofrado. Finally, the system may also comprise a bracing brace fixed to the formwork and a coupling fixed to the pair of trusses located on each side of the formwork.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Para una mejor comprensión de la presente invención, se introducen en esta memoria las figuras que a continuación se enumeran. For a better understanding of the present invention, the figures listed below are introduced in this report.

La figura 1 representa una vista en perspectiva de una forma de realización del sistema de encofrado de la invención sin incorporar el encofrado del dintel. Figure 1 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the formwork system of the invention without incorporating the lintel formwork.

La figura 2 representa una vista lateral de segunda forma de realización del sistema de encofrado de la invención Figure 2 represents a side view of a second embodiment of the formwork system of the invention.

La figura 3 representa una vista frontal de la celosía del sistema de la invención. La figura 4 representa una sección transversal de la celosía del sistema de la invención extendida en altura. Figure 3 represents a front view of the lattice of the system of the invention. Figure 4 represents a cross section of the lattice of the system of the invention extended in height.

La figura 5 representa una vista frontal de dos formas de realización de los cordones que rematan los perímetros longitudinales de las celosías de la figura 3. Figure 5 shows a front view of two embodiments of the cords that finish the longitudinal perimeters of the lattices in Figure 3.

La figura 6 representa una vista lateral con ampliación de la forma de conexión en altura de dos pares de celosías. Figure 6 shows a side view with enlargement of the height connection method of two pairs of lattices.

La figura 7 representa una vista en perspectiva de una presilla. Figure 7 represents a perspective view of a clip.

La figura 8 representa una vista lateral de un par de celosías unidas con presillas por los cordones extremos y por el cordón intermedio. Figure 8 represents a side view of a pair of lattices joined with loops by the extreme cords and by the intermediate cord.

La figura 9 representa tres fases del proceso de ensamble de una presilla a los cordones de un par de celosías. Figure 9 represents three phases of the assembly process of a clip to the cords of a pair of lattices.

La figura 10 representa una vista en perspectiva de un cuerpo de bisagra de la bisagra con la que se realiza el abatimiento de los paneles. Figure 10 represents a perspective view of a hinge body of the hinge with which the panels are folded down.

La figura 11 representa una vista en perspectiva del conector a la bisagra con la que se realiza el abatimiento de los paneles. Figure 11 represents a perspective view of the connector to the hinge with which the panels are folded down.

Las figuras 12A, 12B y 12C representan vistas frontales de tres fases secuenciales del proceso de encofrado y desencofrado del dintel. Figures 12A, 12B and 12C represent front views of three sequential phases of the lintel formwork and stripping process.

La figura 13 representa una vista frontal del sistema con el panel de fondo abatido una vez se ha terminado de hormigonar el dintel y se ha retirado el encofrado. Figure 13 shows a front view of the system with the bottom panel folded down once the lintel has been concreting and the formwork has been removed.

La figura 14 representa el panel de fondo abatido unido a la celosía mediante una bisagra utilizando tornillos a cortante que fijan el cuerpo de la bisagra a la celosía para restringir el vuelco de la estructura durante el izado. Figure 14 shows the lowered bottom panel attached to the lattice by a hinge using shear bolts that secure the body of the hinge to the lattice to restrict the structure from tipping over during lifting.

La figura 15 representa la fijación de la celosía al panel de fondo a través de la acanaladura existente entre el par de celosías. La figura 16 representa un centrador para el reparto y descenso de carga hasta las ménsulas. Figure 15 shows the fixing of the lattice to the background panel through the groove between the pair of lattices. Figure 16 represents a centering device for distributing and lowering the load to the brackets.

La figura 17 representa la celosía unida a la pila mediante el centrador. Figure 17 represents the lattice connected to the pile by means of the centering device.

La figura 18 representa un acople para la fijación mediante barras de atado de los cordones. Figure 18 shows a coupling for fixing the cords using tie bars.

La figura 19A representa el acople en posición de trabajo en un cordón extremo. Figure 19A shows the coupling in the working position on an end cord.

La figura 19B representa el acople en posición de trabajo en un cordón intermedio. Figure 19B shows the coupling in the working position on an intermediate cord.

A continuación, se facilita un listado de las referencias empleadas en las figuras para facilitar su seguimiento: Below is a list of the references used in the figures to facilitate their follow-up:

1. Pila. 1. Battery.

2. Perfiles de reparto de cargas. 2. Load distribution profiles.

2a. Ménsulas. 2a. Corbels.

3. Encofrado. 3. Formwork.

4. Dintel. 4. Lintel.

5. Celosía. 5. Lattice.

6. Cordón extremo. 6. Extreme cord.

7. Cordón intermedio. 7. Intermediate cord.

8. Presillas. 8. Clips.

9. Carril. 9. Lane.

10. Pletina alargada. 10. Elongated plate.

11 . Asa. 11 . Handle.

12. Tuercas de unión. 12. Union nuts.

13. Pernos de unión. 13. Connecting bolts.

14. Tuercas adicionales. 14. Additional nuts.

15. Pernos adicionales. 15. Additional bolts.

16. Orejetas perforadas. 16. Pierced lugs.

17. Panel de fondo. 17. Background panel.

18. Vigas transversales. 18. Cross beams.

19. Tornapuntas de arriostramiento. 19. Bracing braces.

20. Cuerpo de bisagra. 20. Hinge body.

21 . Conector de bisagra. 22. Agujero rasgado. 21 . Hinge connector. 22. Ripped hole.

23. Tornillos a cortante. 23. Shear screws.

24. Acople. 24. Coupling.

25. Centrador. 25. Centering.

26. Agujeros pasantes. 26. Through holes.

27. Pasador de seguridad. 27. Safety pin.

28. Acanaladura. 28. Grooving.

29. Barras de atado. 29. Tie bars.

30. Conector roscado. 30. Threaded connector.

31 . Salientes. 31 . Overhangs.

32. Delimitadores. 32. Delimiters.

REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención se refiere a un encofrado autoportante para la ejecución de puentes, carreteras y elementos de hormigón de grandes luces y dimensiones, a la vez que proporciona una plataforma de trabajo para los operarios que genera el propio fondo del encofrado, facilitando en gran medida el posterior desencofrado y reduciendo las tareas asociadas. The present invention relates to a self-supporting formwork for the construction of bridges, roads and concrete elements of large spans and dimensions, while providing a work platform for operators generated by the bottom of the formwork itself, greatly facilitating the subsequent stripping of the formwork and reducing the associated tasks.

En particular, la invención está enfocada en la utilización de encofrados (3) para la ejecución de dinteles (4) de largas luces en ubicaciones donde el espacio debajo del dintel (4) es limitado. Además, debido a la circulación de tráfico o accidentes geográficos (ríos, barrancos, espacios protegidos, etc.), no es posible apear la estructura temporal de encofrado en la mayoría de su longitud ya que obstaculizaría la circulación de vehículos, por ejemplo, apoyándose directamente en las pilas previamente ejecutadas (1). In particular, the invention is focused on the use of formwork (3) for the execution of long-span lintels (4) in locations where the space under the lintel (4) is limited. Furthermore, due to traffic circulation or geographical features (rivers, ravines, protected areas, etc.), it is not possible to lower the temporary formwork structure along most of its length since it would hinder the circulation of vehicles, for example, by resting directly on the previously executed piles (1).

La invención proporciona el máximo gálibo posible debajo de esta, ya que la solución trabaja colgada en el cordón extremo (6) inferior de las celosías (5), y, no como habitualmente, que la celosía (5) trabaja sobre el cordón extremo (6) superior, debajo de la estructura a ejecutar. The invention provides the maximum possible clearance below this, since the solution works hanging on the lower extreme chord (6) of the lattices (5), and not as usually, where the lattice (5) works on the upper extreme chord (6), below the structure to be built.

Además de todos los elementos de fijación y soporte, tensores y similares, el sistema comprende los siguientes elementos principales: In addition to all fixing and support elements, tensioners and the like, the system comprises the following main elements:

- unas ménsulas (2a) de carga ubicadas principalmente en las pilas (1), aunque también pueden estar ubicadas en otros elementos portantes de la estructura donde se va a ubicar el encofrado (3) del dintel (4). En ellas se ubican unos perfiles de reparto de cargas (2) sobre los que apoyará la estructura del sistema. - some load brackets (2a) located mainly on the piles (1), although they can also be located on other load-bearing elements of the structure where they are going to be built. locate the formwork (3) of the lintel (4). Load distribution profiles (2) are located on them, on which the structure of the system will rest.

- una celosía (5), configurada en doble panel paralelo. Se trata de un sistema modular de vigas celosía con gran capacidad de carga y que, a la vez, presentan un peso muy aligerado en relación con la carga que pueden soportar. Las celosías (5) se presentan por pares con dos objetivos. El primero es que puedan permitir el trabajo de fijación por el espacio de la separación o acanaladura (28) existente entre ellas. El segundo es que, con esta configuración, la estructura pesa mucho menos que si fuese una sola de mayor dimensión para soportar el mismo esfuerzo. Esto es siempre una ventaja que se busca en trabajos en altura, donde tanto la mayor capacidad de carga como la reducción de peso son características esenciales a tener en cuenta. - a lattice (5), configured in double parallel panel. This is a modular system of lattice beams with a high load capacity and, at the same time, a very light weight in relation to the load they can support. The lattices (5) are presented in pairs with two objectives. The first is that they can allow the fixing work through the space of the separation or groove (28) existing between them. The second is that, with this configuration, the structure weighs much less than if it were a single one of greater dimension to support the same effort. This is always an advantage that is sought in work at height, where both the greater load capacity and the weight reduction are essential characteristics to take into account.

- un panel de fondo (17), configurado como un sistema modular de paneles multiagujero con una alta capacidad portante. - a bottom panel (17), configured as a modular system of multi-hole panels with a high load-bearing capacity.

- un encofrado (3) modular con diferentes tipos de vigas, elementos de tracción- compresión, regletas y muchos otros accesorios - a modular formwork (3) with different types of beams, tension-compression elements, strips and many other accessories

El sistema de la invención ofrece la posibilidad de ejercer como plataforma portante de encofrado y también de trabajo debido a la gran versatilidad de sus accesorios y a la medularidad de todos los elementos, The system of the invention offers the possibility of acting as a supporting platform for formwork and also as a work platform due to the great versatility of its accessories and the medullary nature of all the elements,

Algunas de las ventajas que definen al sistema de la invención y lo destacan por encima de otros del estado de la técnica son las siguientes: Some of the advantages that define the system of the invention and highlight it above others in the state of the art are the following:

1 . Capacidad para salvar grandes luces con una elevada carga 1. Ability to span large spans with a high load

2. Capacidad de poder realizar el desencofrado sin necesidad de desmontar el conjunto completo mediante el panel de fondo abatióle. 2. Ability to remove the formwork without having to dismantle the entire assembly using the folding bottom panel.

3. Capacidad de descenso de grandes cargas. 3. Ability to lower large loads.

4. Gran capacidad de arriostramiento multiposición mediante el conjunto acople- tornapunta de arriostramiento. 4. High multi-position bracing capacity using the bracing coupler-brace assembly.

5. La universalidad de la acanaladura generada entre celosías. 5. The universality of the groove generated between lattices.

A continuación, se va a desarrollar cada una de estas ventajas. 1 . Capacidad para salvar grandes luces con una elevada carga. Each of these advantages will be explained below. 1. Ability to span large spans with a high load.

La enorme escalabilidad del sistema de celosías (5) se hace posible debido a la posibilidad de extender las celosías (5), tanto en altura como en longitud. The enormous scalability of the truss system (5) is made possible due to the possibility of extending the trusses (5), both in height and length.

Según se representa en la figura 3, las celosías (5) están rematadas longitudinalmente, tanto inferior como superiormente, por un cordón extremo (6). Estos cordones extremos (6) pueden tener cualquiera de las configuraciones que se representan en la figura 4, teniendo un comportamiento muy similar. En cualquier caso, según se puede apreciar en esta figura 3, la celosía (5) es simétrica, por lo que es independiente que el cordón extremo (6) de la zona superior se encuentre en la zona más alta o en la más baja de la celosía (5). Estos cordones extremos (6) pueden tener cualquiera de las configuraciones que se representan en la figura 4, teniendo un comportamiento muy similar. As shown in figure 3, the lattices (5) are finished longitudinally, both at the bottom and top, by an end chord (6). These end chords (6) can have any of the configurations shown in figure 4, having a very similar behavior. In any case, as can be seen in this figure 3, the lattice (5) is symmetrical, so it is independent of whether the end chord (6) of the upper zone is in the highest or lowest zone of the lattice (5). These end chords (6) can have any of the configurations shown in figure 4, having a very similar behavior.

La figura 5 representa un par de celosías extendidas en altura mediante tornillos de alta resistencia para generar un cordón intermedio (7) mediante la unión de dos cordones extremos (6). Esta estructura resultante es muy resistente a la vez que muy simplificada. Figure 5 represents a pair of lattices extended in height by means of high-resistance screws to generate an intermediate chord (7) by joining two extreme chords (6). This resulting structure is very resistant as well as very simplified.

Los tornillos se disponen de manera regular a lo largo de toda la longitud de los cordones (6, 7), para absorber principalmente el esfuerzo vertical y rasante longitudinal. The screws are arranged regularly along the entire length of the chords (6, 7), to absorb mainly the vertical and longitudinal shear force.

Por otro lado, la extensión de las celosías (5) longitudinalmente se lleva a cabo mediante unas presillas (8), tal y como la representada en la figura 7. Esta presilla (8) es compatible con cualquiera de las diferentes configuraciones de los cordones (6, 7) que pueden incorporar las celosías (5), según se ha comentado más arriba, y son compatibles tanto con la cara de arriba como la de debajo en los tres cordones (6, 7) que pueden incorporar las celosías (5), ya sea el inferior, el superior, o incluso el intermedio formado por dos cordones extremos (6) cuando las celosías (5) se han extendido en altura. La cantidad de cordones (6, 7) a conectar, así como el espaciamiento entre presillas (8) es el resultado del nivel de solicitación de la actuación que se esté llevando a cabo en particular. On the other hand, the longitudinal extension of the lattices (5) is carried out by means of clips (8), such as the one shown in figure 7. This clip (8) is compatible with any of the different configurations of the cords (6, 7) that the lattices (5) can incorporate, as discussed above, and they are compatible with both the top and bottom faces in the three cords (6, 7) that the lattices (5) can incorporate, whether it is the lower one, the upper one, or even the intermediate one formed by two extreme cords (6) when the lattices (5) have been extended in height. The number of cords (6, 7) to be connected, as well as the spacing between clips (8) is the result of the level of request of the action that is being carried out in particular.

Hay que tener en cuenta también que, por un lado, las celosías (5) van en pares, dejando una separación entre ellas de entre 3 cm y 20 cm, siendo preferiblemente de 7cm, generando una acanaladura (28) que permite la incorporación de acoples (24) a lo largo de toda la longitud de las celosías (5). Por otro lado, las presillas (8) tienen que fijar las dos celosías (5) del par, por lo que la longitud de las presillas (8) debe abarcar el ancho de los dos cordones (6, 7), incluida la acanaladura (28). It must also be taken into account that, on the one hand, the lattices (5) come in pairs, leaving a separation between them of between 3 cm and 20 cm, preferably 7 cm, generating a groove (28) that allows the incorporation of couplings (24) along the entire length of the lattices (5). On the other hand, the clips (8) have to fix the two lattices (5) of the pair, so the length of the clips (8) must cover the width of the two cords (6, 7), including the groove (28).

La figura 8 representa un par de celosías (5) unidas con presillas (8) por los cordones extremos (6) y por el cordón intermedio (7). Figure 8 represents a pair of lattices (5) joined with clips (8) by the extreme cords (6) and by the intermediate cord (7).

Así, tanto el cordón extremo (6) superior como el cordón intermedio (7) están fijados por dos presillas (8), una por arriba y otra por abajo. El cordón extremo (6) inferior, sin embargo, al estar fijado al panel de fondo (17) por la zona inferior, solo está fijado a una presilla (8), por la parte superior. Thus, both the upper end cord (6) and the intermediate cord (7) are fixed by two clips (8), one above and one below. The lower end cord (6), however, being fixed to the bottom panel (17) by the lower area, is only fixed to one clip (8), by the upper part.

Volviendo a la figura 7, la presilla (8) está configurada por un carril (9) que incorpora dos orificios intermedios además de un elemento móvil configurado por una pletina alargada (10) que, por la cara superior incorpora un asa (11) que atraviesa el carril (9) y, por la cara inferior, incorpora dos tuercas de unión (12), sólidamente fijadas. Returning to figure 7, the clip (8) is configured by a rail (9) that incorporates two intermediate holes in addition to a mobile element configured by an elongated plate (10) that, on the upper side, incorporates a handle (11) that passes through the rail (9) and, on the lower side, incorporates two union nuts (12), firmly fixed.

Las tuercas de unión (12) quedan posicionadas en correspondencia con los orificios intermedios del carril (9), para la introducción y roscado de sendos pernos de unión (13) sin más que girar el asa (11) hasta que la pletina alargada (10) quede alineada con el carril (9). De esta forma, se evita que un operario tenga que introducir la mano o cualquier herramienta para llevar a cabo la fijación de la presilla (8) a los cordones (6, 7) del par de celosías (5), agilizando enormemente el montaje. The union nuts (12) are positioned in correspondence with the intermediate holes of the rail (9), for the introduction and threading of the respective union bolts (13) by simply turning the handle (11) until the elongated plate (10) is aligned with the rail (9). In this way, an operator is prevented from having to insert his hand or any tool to carry out the fixing of the clip (8) to the cords (6, 7) of the pair of lattices (5), greatly speeding up the assembly.

Para aportar un extra de seguridad, la presilla (8) incorpora un orificio, en cada uno de los extremos, para la fijación de los cordones (6, 7) mediante los correspondientes pernos adicionales (15) y tuercas adicionales (14). Sin embargo, al encontrarse estos pernos adicionales (15) en la zona externa de las celosías (5), la fijación a las tuercas adicionales (14) se realiza a mano sin mayor dificultad. To provide extra security, the clip (8) has a hole at each end for fixing the cords (6, 7) using the corresponding additional bolts (15) and additional nuts (14). However, as these additional bolts (15) are located on the outside of the lattices (5), fixing them to the additional nuts (14) is done by hand without any major difficulty.

Por otro lado, los cordones (6, 7) incorporan ya los orificios por donde se introducen los pernos de unión (12), que pueden haberse realizado antes de instalar los cordones (6, 7) a las celosías (5), en previsión de las uniones necesarias, o hasta cualquier momento antes de la fijación de las presillas (8). La figura 9 representa una presilla (8) en el proceso de ensamblar los cordones (6, 7) de un par de celosías (5): la colocación de la presilla (8) sobre las celosías (5), el giro del asa (11) para alinear la pletina alargada (10) con el carril (9), y la introducción de los pernos de unión (13) y de las fijaciones adicionales (12, 13). On the other hand, the cords (6, 7) already incorporate the holes through which the connecting bolts (12) are introduced, which may have been made before installing the cords (6, 7) to the lattices (5), in anticipation of the necessary joints, or at any time before fixing the clips (8). Figure 9 shows a clip (8) in the process of assembling the cords (6, 7) of a pair of lattices (5): the placement of the clip (8) on the lattices (5), the turning of the handle (11) to align the elongated plate (10) with the rail (9), and the introduction of the connecting bolts (13) and the additional fixings (12, 13).

De esta forma, el resultado es una celosía (5) reforzada con una esbeltez reducida de gran inercia. In this way, the result is a reinforced lattice (5) with a reduced slenderness of great inertia.

A su vez, las presillas (8) garantizan un correcto paralelismo entre los planos de las dos celosías (5) del par a lo largo de la longitud del sistema de la invención, ya que posicionan con precisión los dos cordones (6, 7) entre sí. In turn, the clips (8) guarantee a correct parallelism between the planes of the two lattices (5) of the pair along the length of the system of the invention, since they precisely position the two cords (6, 7) relative to each other.

También cabe mencionar que la presilla (8) incorpora unas orejetas perforadas (16) que permiten conectar múltiples elementos de estabilización tales como tornapuntas y tirantes, para estabilizar tanto las celosías (5) como el encofrado interior del sistema de la invención. It is also worth mentioning that the clip (8) incorporates perforated lugs (16) that allow connecting multiple stabilizing elements such as braces and tie rods, to stabilize both the lattices (5) and the internal formwork of the system of the invention.

2. Capacidad de poder realizar el desencofrado sin necesidad de desmontar el conjunto completo mediante el panel de fondo abatióle. 2. Ability to remove the formwork without having to dismantle the entire assembly using the folding bottom panel.

El panel de fondo (17) del sistema de la invención tiene la particularidad de ser abatióle. Con esto se consigue una gran versatilidad, en cuanto que no hay que desmontar elementos para trabajar con otros. The bottom panel (17) of the system of the invention has the particularity of being foldable. This achieves great versatility, since it is not necessary to disassemble elements to work with others.

Para ello, el sistema incorpora unas bisagras conformadas por un cuerpo de bisagra (20), según se representa en la figura 10, y por un conector de bisagra (21) como el representado en la figura 11 . La unión del conector (21) al cuerpo (20) se realiza mediante un pasador de los conocidos en el estado de la técnica, que se aloja en el agujero rasgado (22). For this purpose, the system incorporates hinges made up of a hinge body (20), as shown in Figure 10, and a hinge connector (21) as shown in Figure 11. The connector (21) is joined to the body (20) by means of a pin of the kind known in the state of the art, which is housed in the elongated hole (22).

El cuerpo (20) incorpora unos salientes (31) y unos delimitadores (32), cuya función es la de asentarse a ambos lados de los cordones (6, 7) del par de celosías (5) y poder absorber esfuerzos en la dirección del canal que configuran. The body (20) incorporates projections (31) and delimiters (32), whose function is to sit on both sides of the cords (6, 7) of the pair of lattices (5) and to be able to absorb forces in the direction of the channel that they configure.

Las figuras 12A-12C representan el proceso para llevar a cabo el encofrado del dintel (4). Figures 12A-12C represent the process for carrying out the lintel formwork (4).

La figura 12A representa una pila (1) que incorpora una ménsula (2a) con los perfiles de reparto de cargas (2) donde se ubican los dos pares de celosías (5), uno a cada lado del lugar destinado a albergar al encofrado (3) del dintel (4). En esta figura también se puede apreciar un panel de fondo (17) en posición abatida, con unas vigas transversales (18) que se encuentran ya ensambladas en él y también ensambladas en el cordón extremo (6) superior para la fijación a los cordones intermedios (7) de las celosías (5) mediante tornapuntas de arriostramiento (19). Figure 12A represents a pile (1) that incorporates a bracket (2a) with the load distribution profiles (2) where the two pairs of lattices (5) are located, one on each side of the place intended to house the formwork (3) of the lintel (4). In this figure you can also see a background panel (17) in a folded position, with some cross beams (18) that are already assembled on it and also assembled on the upper extreme chord (6) for fixing to the intermediate chords (7) of the lattices (5) by means of bracing braces (19).

La figura 12B representa un paso posterior en el proceso de encofrado del dintel (4) donde el panel de fondo (17) ha sido plegado hasta la posición de trabajo y también se han fijado las vigas transversales (18) a los cordones intermedios (7) de las celosías (5) mediante tornapuntas de arriostramiento (19). Con esta configuración, se ha colocado el encofrado (3) para llevar a cabo la realización del dintel (4) hasta su fraguado. Figure 12B shows a later step in the formwork process of the lintel (4) where the bottom panel (17) has been folded into the working position and the cross beams (18) have also been fixed to the intermediate chords (7) of the lattices (5) by means of bracing braces (19). With this configuration, the formwork (3) has been placed to carry out the construction of the lintel (4) until it has set.

La figura 12C representa un último paso en el proceso de conformación del dintel (4), que ya ha fraguado y se ha retirado el encofrado (3). Además, también se han retirado las tornapuntas de arriostramiento (19) que fijaban el panel de fondo (17) a las celosías (5), pudiendo abatirlo para así poder retirar el encofrado (17) de una forma sencilla. Figure 12C represents a final step in the process of forming the lintel (4), which has already set and the formwork (3) has been removed. In addition, the bracing braces (19) that fixed the bottom panel (17) to the lattices (5) have also been removed, and can be folded down to allow the formwork (17) to be removed easily.

En estas figuras se puede apreciar que existen unas vigas transversales (18) unidas tanto al panel de fondo (17), por la zona inferior, como al cordón extremo (6) superior, destinadas a la fijación de unas tornapuntas de arriostramiento (19). In these figures it can be seen that there are some transverse beams (18) joined both to the bottom panel (17), by the lower area, and to the upper extreme chord (6), intended for fixing some bracing braces (19).

También se puede apreciar que las vigas transversales tienen una dimensión transversal bastante mayor que el ancho del panel de fondo (17) con el objetivo de que la fuerza que soporten las tornapuntas de arriostramiento (19) sea lo más elevada posible. It can also be seen that the cross beams have a transverse dimension that is considerably greater than the width of the bottom panel (17) in order to ensure that the force supported by the bracing braces (19) is as high as possible.

En la figura 13 se puede ver que, una vez fraguado el hormigón, es posible abatir de nuevo el panel de fondo (17) para poder realizar el desencofrado, realizando este proceso mediante izado sin necesidad de desmontar el conjunto completo. De este modo se minimizan los trabajos en altura y se recortan enormemente los tiempos relacionados con el desencofrado. Figure 13 shows that, once the concrete has set, it is possible to lower the bottom panel (17) again to allow for the stripping of the formwork, carrying out this process by lifting it without having to dismantle the entire assembly. In this way, work at height is minimised and the time associated with stripping the formwork is greatly reduced.

Así, la posibilidad de abatimiento del panel de fondo (17) facilita el proceso tanto de colocación como de retirada del encofrado (3) para la realización del dintel (4). Thus, the possibility of folding down the bottom panel (17) facilitates the process of both placing and removing the formwork (3) to create the lintel (4).

El abatimiento del panel de fondo (17) se practica mediante la bisagra que se ha descrito más arriba y que es compatible con cualquier tipo de encofrado. La figura 14 representa el panel de fondo (17) abatido donde el cuerpo de bisagra (20) está unido a la celosía (5) y el conector de bisagra (21) está unido al panel de fondo (17). En esta figura también se puede apreciar como los salientes (31) se ubican entre los cordones extremos (6) y los delimitadores (32) se ubican exteriormente a los cordones extremos (6), a la vez que unos tornillos a cortante (23) atraviesan los delimitadores (32) del cuerpo de la bisagra (20), con el objetivo de restringir el vuelco de la estructura con el panel de fondo (17) abatido durante el izado. The lowering of the bottom panel (17) is carried out by means of the hinge described above and which is compatible with any type of formwork. Figure 14 shows the lowered bottom panel (17) where the hinge body (20) is attached to the lattice (5) and the hinge connector (21) is attached to the bottom panel (17). In this figure it can also be seen how the projections (31) are located between the end cords (6) and the delimiters (32) are located outside the end cords (6), while shear screws (23) pass through the delimiters (32) of the hinge body (20), with the aim of restricting the overturning of the structure with the lowered bottom panel (17) during lifting.

En función de las dimensiones, peso y capacidad de las grúas disponibles se puede ¡zar el conjunto completo o por partes, siendo posible conectar partes de panel de fondo (17) abatidas para llevarlas a su posición una vez ensambladas en la estructura del sistema de la invención. Depending on the dimensions, weight and capacity of the available cranes, the complete set or parts can be assembled, making it possible to connect folded parts of the bottom panel (17) to bring them into position once assembled in the structure of the system of the invention.

El diseño del cuerpo de la bisagra (20) resulta esencial para garantizar un reparto equitativo de la carga entre ambos planos de la celosía (5), puesto que coacciona el desplazamiento lateral del panel de fondo (17) pero, salvo en fase de izado y descenso con la posición abatida, no restringe su desplazamiento vertical debido a la utilización del agujero rasgado (22) para llevar a cabo el abatimiento. The design of the hinge body (20) is essential to ensure an equal distribution of the load between both planes of the lattice (5), since it restricts the lateral movement of the bottom panel (17) but, except in the lifting and lowering phase with the lowered position, it does not restrict its vertical movement due to the use of the elongated hole (22) to carry out the lowering.

La conexión de la bisagra a través de la separación continua que genera la acanaladura (28) del par de celosías (5) permite una total libertad de movimientos a la hora de fijar longitudinalmente el panel de fondo (17), sin necesidad de condicionar su posición con respecto a la celosía (5). Esta fijación se realiza mediante una barra de atado (29) según se representa en la figura 15. The hinge connection through the continuous separation generated by the groove (28) of the pair of lattices (5) allows total freedom of movement when fixing the bottom panel (17) longitudinally, without the need to condition its position with respect to the lattice (5). This fixing is carried out by means of a tie bar (29) as shown in figure 15.

En esta figura 15 también se puede apreciar la existencia de unos conectores roscados (30). Estos conectores roscados (30) se utilizan para fijar las vigas transversales (18) al panel de fondo (17), algo que se hace previamente a elevar el sistema. Sin embargo, la función más interesante que tienen es la de poder fijar el conjunto formado por el panel de fondo (17) con las vigas transversales (18) a los cordones extremos (6) de las celosías (5) mediante las barras de atado (29), debido a que esta fijación se realiza desde la parte superior del panel de fondo (17), insertando los elementos de la fijación por la acanaladura (28) de las celosías (5) y los espacios del propio panel de fondo (17). Así, al apretar la barra de atado (29) mediante tuercas o palometas, rosca en el conector (30), fijándose las vigas transversales (18) al panel de fondo (17), y las celosías (5) al conjunto al mismo tiempo. En realidad, los conectores roscados (30) podrían evitarse. Sin embargo, es interesante incluirlos por dos razones: In this figure 15, the existence of threaded connectors (30) can also be seen. These threaded connectors (30) are used to fix the cross beams (18) to the bottom panel (17), something that is done before raising the system. However, the most interesting function they have is to be able to fix the assembly formed by the bottom panel (17) with the cross beams (18) to the extreme chords (6) of the lattices (5) by means of the tie bars (29), because this fixation is carried out from the top of the bottom panel (17), inserting the fixing elements through the groove (28) of the lattices (5) and the spaces of the bottom panel itself (17). Thus, when tightening the tie bar (29) by means of nuts or wing nuts, it threads into the connector (30), fixing the cross beams (18) to the bottom panel (17), and the lattices (5) to the assembly at the same time. In reality, the threaded connectors (30) could be avoided. However, it is interesting to include them for two reasons:

- El panel de fondo (17) se encuentra en el suelo en el momento de fijar las celosías (5). Sin los conectores roscados (30), la fijación de las celosías (5) al panel de fondo (17) se debería hacer manualmente, para lo que habría que introducir la mano por debajo del panel de fondo (17), lo que obliga a levantar el panel de fondo (17) del suelo y trabajar a la vez en la parte superior e inferior del sistema. Con los conecto- res roscados (30) se puede fijar el sistema únicamente desde arriba. - The bottom panel (17) is on the ground when the louvers (5) are attached. Without the threaded connectors (30), the attachment of the louvers (5) to the bottom panel (17) would have to be done manually, which would require inserting the hand under the bottom panel (17), which requires lifting the bottom panel (17) off the ground and working at the top and bottom of the system at the same time. With the threaded connectors (30) the system can only be attached from above.

- El conector roscado (30) es necesario para el izado de las vigas transversales (18) y su fijación al panel de fondo (17) antes de proceder al hormigonado del dintel (4), cuando dejaría de trabajar. - The threaded connector (30) is necessary for lifting the cross beams (18) and fixing them to the bottom panel (17) before proceeding to concreting the lintel (4), when it would stop working.

3. Capacidad de descenso de grandes cargas. 3. Ability to lower large loads.

El sistema de la invención también está configurado para llevar a cabo el descenso de grandes cargas, de hasta 300 toneladas, por montante reforzado cuádruple. Para trasladar la carga resultante hasta los perfiles de reparto de cargas (2), o cualquier otro elemento, se emplea el centrador (25) representado en la figura 16, una pieza de transmisión de alta carga. The system of the invention is also configured to carry out the lowering of large loads, of up to 300 tons, by quadruple reinforced upright. To transfer the resulting load to the load distribution profiles (2), or any other element, the centring device (25) shown in figure 16, a high load transmission part, is used.

El montaje completo se representa en la figura 17, donde se puede apreciar la celosía (5) unida a la pila (1) mediante el centrador (25). The complete assembly is shown in figure 17, where the lattice (5) can be seen attached to the pile (1) by means of the centering device (25).

4. Gran capacidad de arriostramiento multiposición mediante el conjunto acople-tornapunta de arriostramiento. 4. High multi-position bracing capacity using the bracing coupling-bracket assembly.

El sistema de la invención aporta una gran capacidad de arriostramiento múltiple para estabilizar la estructura según la geometría y dimensiones de la que disponga. De la misma forma, también dispone de capacidad para aplomar el encofrado (3) del dintel (4). La pieza encargada de realizar esta función es el acople (24), el cual se puede ubicarse en cualquiera de los cordones (6, 7) de la celosía (5). The system of the invention provides a great capacity for multiple bracing to stabilize the structure according to the geometry and dimensions available. In the same way, it also has the capacity to plumb the formwork (3) of the lintel (4). The piece in charge of performing this function is the coupling (24), which can be located in any of the chords (6, 7) of the lattice (5).

Al realizarse la conexión mediante barra de atado (29) en la acanaladura (28) entre celosías (5), la capacidad de generar puntos de arriostramiento en altura y longitud es muy extensa. La figura 18 representa un acople (24) en el que se pueden distinguir sus características esenciales. Por un lado, se puede ver que incorpora unos agujeros pasantes (26) en los extremos para la fijación de las tornapuntas de arriostramiento (19). Un pasador de seguridad (27) se encarga de atravesar el conjunto formado por el acople (24) y una tornapunta de arriostramiento (19) para llevar a cabo el reparto de esfuerzos. También se ha considerado la incorporación de un pin de seguridad que atraviesa un orificio de seguridad que incorpora el acople (24) para asegurar que no se va a desacoplar la unión porque el pasador de seguridad (27) se pudiese salir del agujero pasante (26). Además, el acople (24) también incorpora tres orificios para la inserción de las barras de atado (29). Since the connection is made by means of a tie bar (29) in the groove (28) between lattices (5), the capacity to generate bracing points in height and length is very extensive. Figure 18 shows a coupling (24) in which its essential characteristics can be distinguished. On the one hand, it can be seen that it incorporates through holes (26) at the ends for fixing the bracing braces (19). A safety pin (27) is responsible for passing through the assembly formed by the coupling (24) and a bracing brace (19) to carry out the distribution of forces. The incorporation of a safety pin that passes through a safety hole incorporated in the coupling (24) has also been considered to ensure that the joint will not be uncoupled because the safety pin (27) could come out of the through hole (26). In addition, the coupling (24) also incorporates three holes for the insertion of the tie bars (29).

La figura 19A representa un acople (24) apoyado en las alas de los cordones extremos (6) de un par de celosías (5), fijado mediante tres barras de atado (29), una por la acanaladura (28) entre las dos celosías (5), para fijar los cordones (6, 7) por las alas más alejadas, y los otros dos por cada una de las zonas exteriores, para fijar los cordones (6, 7) por las alas donde apoya. El acople (24) está fijado a una tornapunta de arriostramiento (19) con su correspondiente pasador de seguridad (27) que, por el otro extremo está fijado a una viga transversal (18). Figure 19A shows a coupling (24) supported on the wings of the extreme chords (6) of a pair of lattices (5), fixed by means of three tie bars (29), one by the groove (28) between the two lattices (5), to fix the chords (6, 7) by the most distant wings, and the other two by each of the outer areas, to fix the chords (6, 7) by the wings where it rests. The coupling (24) is fixed to a bracing brace (19) with its corresponding safety pin (27) which, at the other end, is fixed to a cross beam (18).

De forma similar, la figura 19B, está enfocada en celosías (5) extendidas en altura y representa dos acoples (24) fijados en el cordón intermedio (7). Similarly, figure 19B is focused on lattices (5) extended in height and represents two couplings (24) fixed in the intermediate chord (7).

En este caso, uno de los acoples (24) está fijado a una tornapunta de arriostramiento (19) que está destinado a fijarse en una viga transversal (18) ubicada en la zona superior de la estructura, fijada al cordón extremo (6) superior. In this case, one of the couplings (24) is fixed to a bracing brace (19) which is intended to be fixed to a cross beam (18) located in the upper area of the structure, fixed to the upper end chord (6).

El otro acople (24) está destinado a fijarse en una viga transversal (18) ubicada en la zona inferior, fijada al panel de fondo (17). De esta forma, se genera un apuntalamiento en “K” que garantiza la estabilidad del conjunto durante la posición de encofrado y hormigonado. The other coupling (24) is intended to be fixed to a cross beam (18) located in the lower area, fixed to the bottom panel (17). In this way, a “K” shoring is generated that guarantees the stability of the assembly during the formwork and concreting position.

Por otro lado, según se representa en las figuras 2 y 12B, también se puede fijar una tornapunta de arriostramiento (19) que fije el encofrado (3) del dintel (4) con el cordón intermedio (7) para conseguir una estructura todavía más estable, rígida y resistente. On the other hand, as shown in figures 2 and 12B, a bracing brace (19) can also be fixed to secure the formwork (3) of the lintel (4) with the intermediate chord (7) to achieve an even more stable, rigid and resistant structure.

5. La universalidad de la acanaladura generada entre celosías. La acanaladura (28) es un elemento esencial para el funcionamiento del sistema de la invención, en cuanto que permite fijar el panel de fondo (17) a las celosías (5) mediante las barras de atado (29) en cualquier punto longitudinal de la celosía (5), además de las fijaciones que se han mencionado, como los acoples (24) y las presillas (8). 5. The universality of the groove generated between lattices. The groove (28) is an essential element for the operation of the system of the invention, as it allows the bottom panel (17) to be fixed to the lattices (5) by means of the tie bars (29) at any longitudinal point of the lattice (5), in addition to the fixings that have been mentioned, such as the couplings (24) and the clips (8).

Claims

1. Sistema de encofrado de dinteles de grandes luces destinado a apoyarse en unas pilas (1 ) que incorporan una ménsula (2) con unos perfiles de reparto de cargas (2) donde apoya un panel de fondo (17) que hace de fondo del encofrado (3) del dintel (4) y que comprende una estructura lateral fijada al panel de fondo (17) longitudinalmente por cada uno de los lados, caracterizado por que: 1. Formwork system for large span lintels designed to rest on piers (1) incorporating a bracket (2) with load distribution profiles (2) where a bottom panel (17) rests, which acts as the bottom of the formwork (3) of the lintel (4) and which comprises a lateral structure fixed to the bottom panel (17) longitudinally on each of the sides, characterised in that: - cada una de las estructuras laterales está configurada como un par de celosías (5) separadas una distancia entre 3cm y 20cm que genera una acanaladura (28),- each of the side structures is configured as a pair of lattices (5) separated by a distance between 3cm and 20cm which generates a groove (28), - cada una de las celosías (5) comprende un cordón extremo (6) fijado a cada uno de los lados longitudinales, - each of the lattices (5) comprises an end cord (6) fixed to each of the longitudinal sides, - el par de celosías (5) es extensible en altura y longitudinalmente, - the pair of lattices (5) is extendable in height and longitudinally, - el panel de fondo (17) está unido a uno de los pares de celosías (5) mediante un sistema de bisagras, - the bottom panel (17) is attached to one of the pairs of lattices (5) by means of a hinge system, - el panel de fondo (17) es extensible longitudinalmente para el acoplamiento de los pares de celosías (5). - the bottom panel (17) is longitudinally extendable for coupling the pairs of lattices (5). 2. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de la reivindicación 1 , donde la extensión del par de celosías (5) en altura se realiza mediante la unión de los respectivos cordones extremos (6) de dos pares de celosías (5), generando un par de cordones intermedios (7). 2. The lintel formwork system of claim 1, wherein the extension of the pair of lattices (5) in height is carried out by joining the respective extreme cords (6) of two pairs of lattices (5), generating a pair of intermediate cords (7). 3. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de la reivindicación 2, donde el cordón extremo (6) comprende un par de alas y está unido a la celosía (5) por una de las alas. 3. The lintel formwork system of claim 2, wherein the end chord (6) comprises a pair of wings and is attached to the lattice (5) by one of the wings. 4. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de la reivindicación 2, donde los cordones extremos (6) están unidos a través de las alas mediante tornillos de alta resistencia. 4. The lintel formwork system of claim 2, wherein the end chords (6) are joined through the wings by high strength screws. 5. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de la reivindicación 1 , que comprende unas presillas (8) que fijan los cordones (6, 7) de cada par de celosías (5) para extenderlas longitudinalmente y mantener constante la anchura de la acanaladura (28). 5. The lintel formwork system of claim 1, comprising clips (8) that fix the cords (6, 7) of each pair of lattices (5) to extend them longitudinally and keep the width of the groove (28) constant. 6. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de la reivindicación 5, donde dos cordones (6, 7) están unidos por dos presillas (8), fijando las dos alas de cada cordón (6, 7). 6. The lintel formwork system of claim 5, wherein two cords (6, 7) are joined by two clips (8), fixing the two wings of each cord (6, 7). 7. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles en altura de la reivindicación 5, donde la presilla (8) está configurada por un carril (9) con una pluralidad de orificios y comprende: - una pletina alargada (10), 7. The high-rise lintel formwork system of claim 5, wherein the clip (8) is configured by a rail (9) with a plurality of holes and comprises: - an elongated plate (10), - un asa (11), sólidamente unida a la pletina alargada (10), que atraviesa el carril (9), y - unas tuercas de unión (12), sólidamente unidas a la pletina alargada (10), que quedan en correspondencia con dos orificios del carril (9), - a handle (11), firmly connected to the elongated plate (10), which passes through the rail (9), and - union nuts (12), firmly connected to the elongated plate (10), which correspond to two holes in the rail (9), 8. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de la reivindicación 1 , donde la bisagra está conformada por un cuerpo de bisagra (20) que comprende un agujero rasgado (22) y un conector de bisagra (21 ) unido al cuerpo de bisagra (20) a través del agujero rasgado (22) mediante un pasador. 8. The lintel formwork system of claim 1, wherein the hinge is comprised of a hinge body (20) comprising an elongated hole (22) and a hinge connector (21) attached to the hinge body (20) through the elongated hole (22) by means of a pin. 9. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de la reivindicación 1 , que comprende un acople (24) para la fijación de los cordones (6, 7) de un par de celosías (5) mediante una barra de atado (29), que tiene una configuración prismática rectangular y comprende: 9. The lintel formwork system of claim 1, comprising a coupling (24) for fixing the cords (6, 7) of a pair of lattices (5) by means of a tying bar (29), which has a rectangular prismatic configuration and comprises: - tres orificios en unas caras paralelas, uno ubicado en cada extremo y otro intermedio- three holes on parallel faces, one located at each end and another in the middle - un agujero pasante (26) en cada extremo de las otras caras paralelas, y - a through hole (26) at each end of the other parallel faces, and - un pasador de seguridad (27) destinado a insertarse en uno de los agujeros pasantes (26). - a safety pin (27) intended to be inserted into one of the through holes (26). 10. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de la reivindicación 9, que comprende una viga transversal (18) fijada al panel de fondo (17) y una tornapunta de arriostramiento (19) fijada por los extremos al agujero pasante (26) de un acople (24) fijado a los cordones (6, 7) de un par de celosías (5) y a la viga transversal (18). 10. The lintel formwork system of claim 9, comprising a cross beam (18) fixed to the bottom panel (17) and a bracing brace (19) fixed at the ends to the through hole (26) of a coupling (24) fixed to the chords (6, 7) of a pair of trusses (5) and to the cross beam (18). 11. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de la reivindicación 10, que comprende otra viga transversal (18) fijada al otro extremo de las celosías (5) y dos tornapuntas de arriostramiento (19), cada tornapunta de arriostramiento (19) fijada por los extremos al agujero pasante (26) de un acople (24) fijado a los cordones intermedios (7) de un par de celosías (5) y a cada una de las vigas transversales (18). 11. The lintel formwork system of claim 10, comprising another cross beam (18) fixed to the other end of the trusses (5) and two bracing braces (19), each bracing brace (19) fixed at the ends to the through hole (26) of a coupling (24) fixed to the intermediate chords (7) of a pair of trusses (5) and to each of the cross beams (18). 12. El sistema de encofrado de dinteles de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9 a 11 , que comprende una tornapunta de arriostramiento (19) fijada al encofrado (3) y a un acople (24) fijado al par de celosías (5) ubicado a cada lado del encofrado (3). 12. The lintel formwork system of any of claims 9 to 11, comprising a bracing brace (19) fixed to the formwork (3) and a coupling (24) fixed to the pair of lattices (5) located on each side of the formwork (3).
PCT/ES2023/070291 2023-05-08 2023-05-08 Formwork system for large-span lintels Pending WO2024231582A1 (en)

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PCT/ES2023/070291 WO2024231582A1 (en) 2023-05-08 2023-05-08 Formwork system for large-span lintels

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2023/070291 WO2024231582A1 (en) 2023-05-08 2023-05-08 Formwork system for large-span lintels

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203238950U (en) * 2013-05-10 2013-10-16 中建七局(上海)有限公司 Concrete beam formwork supported by trusses suspended in air
CN209194347U (en) * 2018-11-06 2019-08-02 浙江省衢州市交通建设集团有限公司 The operation platform of bridge coping
US20190383041A1 (en) 2018-06-13 2019-12-19 Wilian Holding Company Heavy duty spanning forms and related systems and methods
US20220042259A1 (en) 2020-08-07 2022-02-10 Peri Ag Formwork system and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203238950U (en) * 2013-05-10 2013-10-16 中建七局(上海)有限公司 Concrete beam formwork supported by trusses suspended in air
US20190383041A1 (en) 2018-06-13 2019-12-19 Wilian Holding Company Heavy duty spanning forms and related systems and methods
CN209194347U (en) * 2018-11-06 2019-08-02 浙江省衢州市交通建设集团有限公司 The operation platform of bridge coping
US20220042259A1 (en) 2020-08-07 2022-02-10 Peri Ag Formwork system and method

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