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WO2024231043A1 - Indication de l'occurrence d'une défaillance de liaison radio dans un rapport de transfert réussi - Google Patents

Indication de l'occurrence d'une défaillance de liaison radio dans un rapport de transfert réussi Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024231043A1
WO2024231043A1 PCT/EP2024/060162 EP2024060162W WO2024231043A1 WO 2024231043 A1 WO2024231043 A1 WO 2024231043A1 EP 2024060162 W EP2024060162 W EP 2024060162W WO 2024231043 A1 WO2024231043 A1 WO 2024231043A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
successful
radio
access
report
link failure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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PCT/EP2024/060162
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin Kollár
Bernhard Wegmann
Irina-Mihaela BALAN
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Nokia Technologies Oy
Original Assignee
Nokia Technologies Oy
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Technologies Oy filed Critical Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority to CN202480031677.3A priority Critical patent/CN121100557A/zh
Publication of WO2024231043A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024231043A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0079—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link in case of hand-off failure or rejection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
    • H04W36/00833—Handover statistics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
    • H04W36/144—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H04W36/305—Handover due to radio link failure

Definitions

  • the following example embodiments relate to wireless communication.
  • Mobility robustness optimization for handovers may involve analyzing radio link failures and creating failure statistics to improve handover success rates.
  • the optimization and analysis of statistics can be done by linking successful handover reports and radio link failure reports.
  • the successful handover reports and radio link failure reports may be transmitted to different network nodes at different points in time. Thus, there is a challenge in how to link the successful handover reports and the radio link failure reports.
  • an apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: store a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the apparatus from a source node to a target node; storing a radio link failure report based on detecting a radio link failure associated with the target node; determine whether the radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover; set, in the successful handover report, based at least on the determination, an indicator indicating that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmit, to a further network node different from the target node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for storing a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the apparatus from a source node to a target node; means for storing a radio link failure report based on detecting a radio link failure associated with the target node; means for determining whether the radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover; means for setting, in the successful handover report, based at least on the determination, an indicator indicating that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and means for transmitting, to a further network node different from the target node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • a method comprising: storing, by an apparatus, a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the apparatus from a source node to a target node; storing, by the apparatus, a radio link failure report based on detecting a radio link failure associated with the target node; determining, by the apparatus, whether the radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover; setting, by the apparatus, in the successful handover report, based at least on the determination, an indicator indicating that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmitting, by the apparatus, to a further network node different from the target node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: storing a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the apparatus from a source node to a target node; storing a radio link failure report based on detecting a radio link failure associated with the target node; determining whether the radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover; setting, in the successful handover report, based at least on the determination, an indicator indicating that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmitting, to a further network node different from the target node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • a computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: storing a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the apparatus from a source node to a target node; storing a radio link failure report based on detecting a radio link failure associated with the target node; determining whether the radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover; setting, in the successful handover report, based at least on the determination, an indicator indicating that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmitting, to a further network node different from the target node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: storing a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access- technology handover of the apparatus from a source node to a target node; storing a radio link failure report based on detecting a radio link failure associated with the target node; determining whether the radio link failure occurred within a predefined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover; setting, in the successful handover report, based at least on the determination, an indicator indicating that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmitting, to a further network node different from the target node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • an apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a user equipment, a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter- radio-access-technology handover of the user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmit, to the source node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from a user equipment, a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio- access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and means for transmitting, to the source node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • a method comprising: receiving, by an apparatus, from a user equipment, a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access- technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmitting, by the apparatus, to the source node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, from a user equipment, a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmitting, to the source node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • a computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, from a user equipment, a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio- access-technology handover of the user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmitting, to the source node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, from a user equipment, a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and transmitting, to the source node, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • an apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of a user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with the source node, wherein the successful handover report is received from a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio- access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and associate, based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for receiving a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of a user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with the source node, wherein the successful handover report is received from a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and means for associating, based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure.
  • a method comprising: receiving, by an apparatus, a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of a user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with the source node, wherein the successful handover report is received from a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and associating, by the apparatus, based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure.
  • a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of a user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with the source node, wherein the successful handover report is received from a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access- technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and associating, based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure.
  • a computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of a user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with the source node, wherein the successful handover report is received from a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio- access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and associating, based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio- access-technology handover of a user equipment from a source node to a target node, the apparatus being associated with the source node, wherein the successful handover report is received from a further network node different from the target node, wherein the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report; and associating, based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communication network
  • FIG. IB illustrates an example of a system
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a signal flow diagram
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an apparatus
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an apparatus.
  • Some example embodiments described herein may be implemented in a wireless communication network comprising a radio access network based on one or more of the following radio access technologies: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or any other second generation radio access technology, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS, 3G) based on basic wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA), high-speed packet access (HSPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, fourth generation (4G), fifth generation (5G), 5G new radio (NR), 5G-Advanced (i.e., 3GPP NR Rel-18 and beyond), or sixth generation (6G).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
  • 3G Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
  • W-CDMA basic wideband-code division multiple access
  • HSPA high-speed packet access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-Advanced Long Term Evolution-Advanced
  • fourth generation (4G) fifth generation
  • 5G new radio (NR) i.e., 3GP
  • radio access networks include the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) radio access network (UTRAN), the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access network (E-UTRA), or the next generation radio access network (NG-RAN).
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access network
  • NG-RAN next generation radio access network
  • the wireless communication network may further comprise a core network, and some example embodiments may also be applied to network functions of the core network.
  • embodiments are not restricted to the wireless communication network given as an example, but a person skilled in the art may also apply the solution to other wireless communication networks or systems provided with necessary properties.
  • some example embodiments may also be applied to a communication system based on IEEE 802.11 specifications, or a communication system based on IEEE 802.15 specifications.
  • FIG. 1A depicts an example of a simplified wireless communication network showing some physical and logical entities.
  • the connections shown in FIG. 1A may be physical connections or logical connections. It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the wireless communication network may also comprise other physical and logical entities than those shown in FIG. 1A.
  • the example wireless communication network shown in FIG. 1A includes an access network, such as a radio access network (RAN), and a core network 110.
  • an access network such as a radio access network (RAN)
  • RAN radio access network
  • core network 110 a core network 110.
  • FIG. 1A shows user equipment (UE) 100, 102 configured to be in a wireless connection on one or more communication channels in a radio cell with an access node (AN) 104 of an access network.
  • the AN 104 may be an evolved NodeB (abbreviated as eNB or eNodeB), or a next generation evolved NodeB (abbreviated as ng-eNB), or a next generation NodeB (abbreviated as gNB or gNodeB), providing the radio cell.
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • ng-eNB next generation evolved NodeB
  • gNB next generation NodeB
  • the wireless connection (e.g., radio link) from a UE to the access node 104 may be called uplink (UL) or reverse link, and the wireless connection (e.g., radio link) from the access node to the UE may be called downlink (DL) or forward link.
  • UE 100 may also communicate directly with UE 102, and vice versa, via a wireless connection generally referred to as a sidelink (SL).
  • SL sidelink
  • the access node 104 or its functionalities may be implemented by using any node, host, server or access point etc. entity suitable for providing such functionalities.
  • the access network may comprise more than one access node, in which case the access nodes may also be configured to communicate with one another over links, wired or wireless. These links between access nodes may be used for sending and receiving control plane signaling and also for routing data from one access node to another access node.
  • the access node may comprise a computing device configured to control the radio resources of the access node.
  • the access node may also be referred to as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS), an access point, a cell site, a radio access node or any other type of node capable of being in a wireless connection with a UE (e.g., UEs 100, 102).
  • the access node may include or be coupled to transceivers. From the transceivers of the access node, a connection may be provided to an antenna unit that establishes bi-directional radio links to UEs 100, 102.
  • the antenna unit may comprise an antenna or antenna element, or a plurality of antennas or antenna elements.
  • the access node 104 may further be connected to a core network (CN) 110.
  • the core network 110 may comprise an evolved packet core (EPC) network and/or a 5 th generation core network (5GC).
  • the EPC may comprise network entities, such as a serving gateway (S-GW for routing and forwarding data packets), a packet data network gateway (P-GW) for providing connectivity of UEs to external packet data networks, and a mobility management entity (MME).
  • the 5GC may comprise network functions, such as a user plane function (UPF), an access and mobility management function (AMF), and a location management function (LMF).
  • UPF user plane function
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • LMF location management function
  • the core network 110 may also be able to communicate with one or more external networks 113, such as a public switched telephone network or the Internet, or utilize services provided by them.
  • external networks 113 such as a public switched telephone network or the Internet
  • the UPF of the core network 110 may be configured to communicate with an external data network via an N6 interface.
  • the P-GW of the core network 110 may be configured to communicate with an external data network.
  • the illustrated UE 100, 102 is one type of an apparatus to which resources on the air interface may be allocated and assigned.
  • the UE 100, 102 may also be called a wireless communication device, a subscriber unit, a mobile station, a remote terminal, an access terminal, a user terminal, a terminal device, or a user device just to mention but a few names.
  • the UE may be a computing device operating with or without a subscriber identification module (SIM), including, but not limited to, the following types of computing devices: a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handset, a computing device comprising a wireless modem (e.g., an alarm or measurement device, etc.), a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet, a game console, a notebook, a multimedia device, a reduced capability (RedCap) device, a wearable device (e.g., a watch, earphones or eyeglasses) with radio parts, a sensor comprising a wireless modem, or any computing device comprising a wireless modem integrated in a vehicle.
  • SIM subscriber identification module
  • a UE may also be a nearly exclusive uplink- only device, of which an example may be a camera or video camera loading images or video clips to a network.
  • a UE may also be a device having capability to operate in an Internet of Things (loT) network, which is a scenario in which objects may be provided with the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human- to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
  • the UE may also utilize cloud. In some applications, the computation may be carried out in the cloud or in another UE.
  • the wireless communication network may also be able to support the usage of cloud services, for example at least part of core network operations may be carried out as a cloud service (this is depicted in FIG. 1A by “cloud” 114).
  • the wireless communication network may also comprise a central control entity, or the like, providing facilities for wireless communication networks of different operators to cooperate for example in spectrum sharing.
  • 5G enables using multiple input - multiple output (M1M0) antennas in the access node 104 and/or the UE 100, 102, many more base stations or access nodes than an LTE network (a so-called small cell concept), including macro sites operating in co-operation with smaller stations and employing a variety of radio technologies depending on service needs, use cases and/or spectrum available.
  • 5G wireless communication networks may support a wide range of use cases and related applications including video streaming, augmented reality, different ways of data sharing and various forms of machine type applications, such as (massive) machine-type communications (mMTC), including vehicular safety, different sensors and real-time control.
  • M1M0 multiple input - multiple output
  • access nodes and/or UEs may have multiple radio interfaces, namely below 6GHz, cmWave and mmWave, and also being integrable with existing legacy radio access technologies, such as the LTE. Integration with the LTE may be implemented, for example, as a system, where macro coverage may be provided by the LTE, and 5G radio interface access may come from small cells by aggregation to the LTE.
  • a 5G wireless communication network may support both inter-RAT operability (such as LTE-5G) and inter-Rl operability (inter-radio interface operability, such as below 6GHz - cmWave - mmWave).
  • One of the concepts considered to be used in 5G wireless communication networks may be network slicing, in which multiple independent and dedicated virtual sub-networks (network instances) may be created within the substantially same infrastructure to run services that have different requirements on latency, reliability, throughput and mobility.
  • an access node may comprise: a radio unit (RU) comprising a radio transceiver (TRX), i.e., a transmitter (Tx) and a receiver (Rx); one or more distributed units (DUs) 105 that may be used for the so-called Layer 1 (LI) processing and real-time Layer 2 (L2) processing; and a central unit (CU) 108 (also known as a centralized unit) that may be used for non-real-time L2 and Layer 3 (L3) processing.
  • the CU 108 may be connected to the one or more DUs 105 for example via an Fl interface.
  • Such an embodiment of the access node may enable the centralization of CUs relative to the cell sites and DUs, whereas DUs may be more distributed and may even remain at cell sites.
  • the CU and DU together may also be referred to as baseband or a baseband unit (BBU).
  • BBU baseband unit
  • the CU and DU may also be comprised in a radio access point (RAP).
  • RAP radio access point
  • the CU 108 may be a logical node hosting radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) and/or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), of the NR protocol stack for an access node.
  • the DU 105 may be a logical node hosting radio link control (RLC), medium access control (MAC) and/or physical (PHY) layers of the NR protocol stack for the access node.
  • RLC radio link control
  • MAC medium access control
  • PHY physical layers of the NR protocol stack for the access node.
  • the operations of the DU may be at least partly controlled by the CU. It should also be understood that the distribution of functions between DU 105 and CU 108 may vary depending on implementation.
  • the CU may comprise a control plane (CU-CP), which may be a logical node hosting the RRC and the control plane part of the PDCP protocol of the NR protocol stack for the access node.
  • CU-CP control plane
  • the CU may further comprise a user plane (CU-UP), which may be a logical node hosting the user plane part of the PDCP protocol and the SDAP protocol of the CU for the access node.
  • CU-CP control plane
  • CU-UP user plane
  • Cloud computing systems may also be used to provide the CU 108 and/or DU 105.
  • a CU provided by a cloud computing system may be referred to as a virtualized CU (vCU).
  • vCU virtualized CU
  • vDU virtualized DU
  • the DU may be implemented on so-called bare metal solutions, for example application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or customer-specific standard product (CSSP) system-on-a-chip (SoC).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • CSSP customer-specific standard product
  • Edge cloud may be brought into the access network (e.g., RAN) by utilizing network function virtualization (NFV) and software defined networking (SDN).
  • NFV network function virtualization
  • SDN software defined networking
  • Using edge cloud may mean access node operations to be carried out, at least partly, in a computing system operationally coupled to a remote radio head (RRH) or a radio unit (RU) of an access node. It is also possible that access node operations may be performed on a distributed computing system or a cloud computing system located at the access node.
  • Application of cloud RAN architecture enables RAN real-time functions being carried out at the access network (e.g., in a DU 105) and non-real-time functions being carried out in a centralized manner (e.g., in a CU 108).
  • 5G (or new radio, NR) wireless communication networks may support multiple hierarchies, where multi-access edge computing (MEC) servers may be placed between the core network 110 and the access node 104. It should be appreciated that MEC may be applied in LTE wireless communication networks as well.
  • MEC multi-access edge computing
  • a 5G wireless communication network (“5G network”) may also comprise a non-terrestrial communication network, such as a satellite communication network, to enhance or complement the coverage of the 5G radio access network.
  • satellite communication may support the transfer of data between the 5G radio access network and the core network, enabling more extensive network coverage.
  • Possible use cases may be providing service continuity for machine-to-machine (M2M) or Internet of Things (loT) devices or for passengers on board of vehicles, or ensuring service availability for critical communications, and future railway/maritime/aeronautical communications.
  • Satellite communication may utilize geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite systems, but also low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems, in particular megaconstellations (systems in which hundreds of (nano) satellites are deployed).
  • GEO geostationary earth orbit
  • LEO low earth orbit
  • a given satellite 106 in the mega-constellation may cover several satellite-enabled network entities that create on-ground cells.
  • the on-ground cells may be created through an on-ground relay access node or by an access node 104 located on- ground or in a satellite.
  • the access node 104 depicted in FIG. 1A is just an example of a part of an access network (e.g., a radio access network) and in practice, the access network may comprise a plurality of access nodes, the UEs 100, 102 may have access to a plurality of radio cells, and the access network may also comprise other apparatuses, such as physical layer relay access nodes or other entities. At least one of the access nodes may be a Home eNodeB or a Home gNodeB.
  • a Home gNodeB or a Home eNodeB is a type of access node that may be used to provide indoor coverage inside a home, office, or other indoor environment.
  • Radio cells may be macro cells (or umbrella cells) which may be large cells having a diameter of up to tens of kilometers, or smaller cells such as micro-, femto- or picocells.
  • the access node(s) of FIG. 1A may provide any kind of these cells.
  • a cellular radio network may be implemented as a multilayer access networks including several kinds of radio cells. In multilayer access networks, one access node may provide one kind of a radio cell or radio cells, and thus a plurality of access nodes may be needed to provide such a multilayer access network.
  • An access network which may be able to use “plug-and-play” access nodes, may include, in addition to Home eNodeBs or Home gNodeBs, a Home Node B gateway, or HNB-GW (not shown in FIG. 1AJ.
  • An HNB-GW which may be installed within an operator’s access network, may aggregate traffic from a large number of Home eNodeBs or Home gNodeBs back to a core network of the operator.
  • a handover also referred to as a handoff or a cell change, is a process in wireless communication networks, wherein an active connection between a UE 100, 102 and its serving base station 104 is transferred from one cell to another.
  • the handover process enables maintaining a seamless and continuous communication experience for users as they move through different coverage areas within the network.
  • FIG. IB illustrates an example of a system, to which some example embodiments may be applied.
  • FIG. IB may be understood to depict a part of the wireless communication network of FIG. 1A, but with greater accuracy with respect to a mobility scenario.
  • the system comprises a UE 100 and a plurality of network nodes 104, 104B, 104C, 104D (e.g., gNBs or ng-eNBs) providing a plurality of cells 121, 122, 123, 124.
  • network nodes 104, 104B, 104C, 104D e.g., gNBs or ng-eNBs
  • the connection of the UE 100 is switched from the current serving cell 121 provided by a source node 104 to a target cell 122 provided by a target node 104B, while preserving the ongoing voice call or data session.
  • the handover process may be initiated by the network (e.g., the source node 104), when certain pre-defined conditions are met, such as when the signal quality of the current serving cell 121 falls below a specified threshold, or when the signal quality of a neighboring cell 122 becomes significantly better than that of the current serving cell 121.
  • the decision to perform a handover may be based on various factors, including radio measurements such as reference signal received power (RSRP) and reference signal received quality (RSRQ), network load, user mobility, and network configuration parameters.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • the network e.g., the source node 104 may transmit a handover command to the UE 100, wherein this handover command may include information about the target cell 122 and any needed configuration parameters.
  • the UE 100 may then establish a connection with the target node 104B providing the target cell 122, synchronize its timing and frequency, and exchange control information to confirm the successful completion of the handover.
  • the UE 100 releases its connection with the previous serving cell 121, and the communication continues through the new serving cell 122.
  • the handover may be an intra-radio-access-technology (intra-RAT) handover or an inter-radio-access-technology (inter-RAT) handover.
  • intra-RAT intra-radio-access-technology
  • inter-RAT inter-radio-access-technology
  • An intra-RAT handover means that the source cell 121 and the target cell 122 are based on the same radio access technology.
  • both the source node 104 and the target node 104B may be gNBs.
  • An inter-RAT handover means that the source cell 121 and the target cell 122 are based on different radio access technologies.
  • the source node 104 may be a gNB (5G base station), and the target node 104B may be an eNB or ng-eNB (4G base station), or vice versa.
  • MRO mobility robustness optimization
  • inter-RAT handover e.g., between 5G and 4G
  • MRO is a self-optimizing network (SON) function that may be used in wireless communication networks to improve the performance of handovers and overall network mobility.
  • SON self-optimizing network
  • MRO aims to minimize handover-related issues, such as premature handovers, late handovers, and handover failures, by automatically adjusting and optimizing the network's handover parameters based on observed network performance and user mobility patterns.
  • MRO works by continuously monitoring and collecting relevant performance metrics from the network (e.g., from the source node 104 and the target node 104B), including handover success rates, radio link failure (RLF) reports, and other key performance indicators (KPIs). These metrics may then be analyzed to identify any handover-related issues and determine the potential causes of such problems, such as incorrect handover parameter settings or suboptimal cell coverage.
  • relevant performance metrics e.g., from the source node 104 and the target node 104B
  • RLF radio link failure
  • KPIs key performance indicators
  • the MRO function may adjust the relevant handover parameters, such as handover triggering thresholds, time-to-trigger (TTT) values, and hysteresis margins, in a given cell pair (e.g., the source cell 121 and the target cell 122) to optimize the handover performance.
  • the MRO function may iteratively update these parameters, constantly learning from the network's performance to maintain optimal handover settings.
  • the successful handover report is a message or a set of data generated by the UE after the completion of a successful handover process. This report provides information to the network about the performance of the handover.
  • the successful handover report helps the network analyze the performance of handovers, identify potential issues or areas for improvement, and optimize the network performance, coverage, and reliability.
  • the successful handover report may comprise at least one of: identities of the source cell 121 and the target cell 122 of the handover, location information of the UE 100, latest radio link measurements of the measurement identities available at the time when the handover is executed, a cause indicating the trigger for generating the SHR (e.g., t310-cause, t312-cause, or t304-cause), latest radio measurement results of the candidate target cells in case of a conditional handover, time elapsed between conditional handover execution towards the target cell 122 and corresponding latest configuration received for the selected target cell 122, cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) of the UE 100 in the target cell 122, user plane interruption time at handover which concerns dual active protocol stack (DAPS) handovers, RA-lnformationCommon when T304 is above a threshold, and/or a flag indicating that an RLF is detected in the source cell during DAPS handover.
  • C-RNTI cell radio network temporary identifier
  • a radio link failure report may be generated by the UE 100, when it detects a failure in the radio connection on its serving cell. Potential causes of the radio link failure may be failure at lower protocol layers due to frequency synchronization offset or time synchronization offset, and/or poor signal strength conditions between the UE and the serving network node.
  • the radio link failure report provides information to the network, which can help to identify the cause of the radio link failure and optimize the network performance.
  • the contents of the radio link failure report are defined in the “RLF-Report field descriptions” in 3GPP TS 36.331.
  • the radio link failure report may comprise at least one of: a timestamp indicating the time when the radio link failure was detected by the UE 100; information about the serving cell on which the radio link failure was detected, including its physical cell identity (PCI), frequency, and other cell-specific parameters; radio signal measurements, such as RSRP, RSRQ, and/or SNR, taken by the UE 100 before the radio link failure; mobility information of the UE 100, such as its velocity and/or trajectory; an identifier (e.g., C-RNT1) of the UE 100 in the serving cell; capability information of the UE 100 indicating the UE’s supported features and capabilities, such as supported frequency bands, transmission modes, and M1M0 configurations; and/or connection history indicating a record of the recent connection history of the UE 100, including information about previous serving cells and handovers.
  • PCI physical cell identity
  • RSRQ radio signal measurements
  • SNR SNR
  • Some example embodiments relate to the issue of logging both an SHR and an RLF within the same handover, and how to get them linked for the root cause analysis (RCA) of the MRO.
  • RCA root cause analysis
  • the target cell radio network temporary identifier may be used to link the SHR and RLF report to the same handover in the intra-NR handover case.
  • C-RNT1 the target cell radio network temporary identifier
  • a UE 100 has been successfully handed over from the source gNB 104 to the target gNB 104B with SHR generated due to T310 or T312 threshold being met, with an RLF followed shortly after the successful handover.
  • the UE 100 stores the SHR and RLF report in NR format with the target C-RNT1, and the UE 100 reports them to a retrieving gNB 104D.
  • the retrieving gNB 104D is able to link the SHR and RLF report to the same handover and the same UE 100.
  • the same linking is also possible in the source gNB 104, as the SHR and RLF report may be immediately (or almost immediately) forwarded via an access and mobility indication and handover report message, respectively, from the retrieving gNB 104D to the source gNB 104.
  • the SHR concept as a further refinement of MRO may also be applied to inter-RAT mobility.
  • a UE 100 has been successfully handed over from a source gNB 104 to a target ng-eNB 104B with SHR generated due to T310 or T312 threshold being met, with an RLF followed shortly after the successful handover.
  • the UE 100 stores the SHR in NR format and reports it to a retrieving gNB 104D, when the UE is connected back to an NR cell 124 provided by the retrieving gNB 104D, whereas the RLF report in LTE format may be reported to a reconnecting ng-eNB 104C to which the UE 100 reconnected after the RLF.
  • the T310 is a timer value that may be used to manage the radio link failure detection process.
  • the T310 timer may start upon detecting physical layer problems for the primary cell (PCell) (e.g., upon receiving N310 consecutive out- of-sync indications from lower layers).
  • the T310 timer may stop upon receiving N311 consecutive in-sync indications from lower layers for the PCell, upon triggering the handover procedure and upon initiating the connection reestablishment procedure.
  • the UE may go to RRCJDLE state, or otherwise the UE may initiate a connection establishment procedure.
  • the T312 timer is related to triggering the measurement report, while the T310 timer is running.
  • the T312 timer may start upon triggering a measurement report for a measurement identity, for which T312 has been configured, while the T310 timer is running.
  • the T312 timer may stop upon receiving N311 consecutive in-sync indications from lower layers, upon triggering the handover procedure, upon initiating connection re-establishment procedure, and upon the expiry of the T310 timer.
  • the UE may go to RRCJDLE state, or otherwise the UE may initiate the connection re-establishment procedure.
  • the source C-RNT1 i.e., the C-RNT1 of the UE 100 in the source NR cell 121
  • this option may have a significant impact on both the gNB and ng-eNB, as the source C-RNT1 (i.e., the C-RNT1 of the UE 100 in the source NR cell 121) would need to be added as new information to the SHR. Furthermore, in this case, the source C-RNT1 cannot be allocated to other UEs until the SHR is reported to the source gNB 104. Moreover, the source C-RNT1 would need to be added to the RLF report, which may be fetched by the reconnecting ng-eNB 104C, going through the target ng-eNB 104B to the source gNB 104 via the handover report (which would need to be added as a new message on Xn interface).
  • the source C-RNT1 is allowed to be applied to another UE immediately after the successful handover, if the other UE with the same C-RNT1 reported an SHR due to moving earlier to an NR cell, it would lead to improper linking of the SHR to RLF report reported for the previous UE with the same source C-RNT1.
  • new information such as time interval from generation of the SHR at the UE side until its reporting to the retrieving gNB 104D would need to be added in the SHR. This additional information would help to identify the point in time when the SHR for the UE with the C-RNT1 was generated, and to link it to the point in time when the RLF report was received at the source gNB 104 for the same C-RNT1.
  • the correlation of the SHR and RLF report may be done at the source gNB 104 based on the target C-RNT1 (i.e., the C-RNT1 of the UE 100 in the target LTE cell 122), which may be part of the SHR and the RLF report.
  • this option may also have impact on both the gNB and ng-eNB, as new information providing the time interval from the generation of the SHR at the UE side until its reporting would need to be added in the SHR for the same reason as described above.
  • the handover report would need to be added as a new message on Xn interface in this option as well.
  • Some example embodiments may provide such a method to correlate the SHR and the RLF report to the wrong cell for the same UE for intra-system inter- RAT handover (e.g., from NR cell to LTE cell).
  • the wrong cell may mean, for example, that the SHR is encoded in NR format due to the source cell being an NR cell, and thus the SHR cannot be reported on the LTE cell. In this case, the UE has to wait until it connects to an NR cell before it is able to report the SHR.
  • some example embodiments are not limited to NR and LTE, or particularly for a handover from the NR to the LTE, and they may be applied to inter-RAT handover between any two different radio access technologies.
  • the UE 100 may store the point in time tO, when an inter-RAT handover of the UE 100 from a source node 104 to a target node 104B (e.g., from NR cell 121 to LTE cell 122) was successful but followed with storing the SHR (e.g., due to T310 or T312 threshold being exceeded). If an RLF occurs (resulting in storing an RLF report at the UE) within a pre-defined time interval (tO, tO + a configured timer or time threshold), then the UE 100 may set an indicator in the SHR to indicate that the RLF occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-RAT handover.
  • a pre-defined time interval e.g., a configured timer or time threshold
  • the start of the pre-defined time interval may be defined at the completion of the inter-RAT handover or at storing the successful handover report, for example.
  • the indicator may comprise a binary flag, in which case the UE 100 may set a value of the binary flag to one (i.e., TRUE state) within the SHR report.
  • the SHR comprising this indicator e.g., the binary flag set to TRUE
  • the SHR may be referred to as an extended SHR, as it may be seen as covering the UE situation also slightly after the successful inter- RAT handover.
  • the UE 100 may then report the SHR with the indicator to a retrieving gNB 104D.
  • the functionality related to adding the indicator may be either enabled or disabled in an SHR configuration (e.g., in a handover command) from the source node 104.
  • the example embodiments described herein may help to avoid any significant impact to the gNB and ng-eNB for correlating the SHR (e.g., T310 or T312 SHR) and RLF report for the same UE.
  • the correlation can be done without including, in the SHR and RLF report, the C-RNT1 at the source node or the C-RNT1 at the target node and, additionally, a time period from the triggering until reporting the SHR for the inter-RAT handover. Instead, the impact is moved to the UE side, which has the most precise knowledge, since the SHR and RLF report are for the same UE and evaluated at the UE side.
  • some example embodiments are not limited to T310 or T312 SHR.
  • similar situations may happen for an inter-RAT handover from an LTE cell to NR cell, when SHR due to T304 expiring is generated at the UE in the target NR cell and followed with an RLF shortly after the successful handover.
  • the indicator e.g., the binary flag set to TRUE
  • the indicator may identify the successful handover with the T304 SHR followed with an RLF report to the wrong cell (i.e., a cell to which the SHR cannot be reported).
  • the T304 timer may start at reception of RRC Connection Reconfiguration message including the Mobility Control Information message.
  • the T304 timer may stop as per criterion for successful completion of the handover within 5G radio access (5GRA), or handover to 5GRA.
  • 5GRA 5G radio access
  • the UE may initiate an RRC connection re- establishment procedure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a signal flow diagram according to an example embodiment.
  • a source node 104 transmits, to a UE 100, a handover command comprising a configuration for a successful handover report, the configuration indicating a pre-defined time interval and to enable reporting of an indicator that indicates whether a radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after a successful inter-RAT handover.
  • the UE 100 receives the configuration from the source node 104.
  • the source node 104 may be the serving gNB of the UE 100 during this configuration.
  • the source node 104 may also be referred to as a first network node herein.
  • the pre-defined time interval may also be referred to as a configured timer or time threshold herein.
  • the UE 100 completes a successful inter-RAT handover of the UE 100 from the source node 104 to a target node 104B (e.g., ng-eNB).
  • the target node 104B may also be referred to as a second network node herein.
  • the target node 104B is associated with a different radio access technology than a radio access technology associated with the source node 104.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., 5G New Radio), and the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE- Advanced).
  • LTE Long-Term Evolution
  • LTE- Advanced LTE-Term Evolution
  • the UE 100 stores a successful handover report indicative of the successful inter-RAT handover of the UE 100 from the source node 104 to the target node 104B.
  • the SHR may be generated due to a T310 or T312 timer or T304 timer expiring (e.g., the T310 timer may be started already before the inter-RAT handover due to detecting a radio link problem).
  • the UE 100 detects a radio link failure associated with the target node 104B. In other words, the UE 100 detects a failure in the radio connection between the UE 100 and the target node 104B after the inter-RAT handover.
  • the UE 100 stores a radio link failure report based on detecting the radio link failure associated with the target node.
  • the successful handover report and the radio link failure report may be stored in an internal memory of the UE 100.
  • the UE 100 reconnects, after the radio link failure, to a third network node 104C (e.g., ng-eNB) according to a radio access technology used by the UE 100 with the target node 104B.
  • a third network node 104C e.g., ng-eNB
  • the third network node 104C may be referred to as a reconnecting ng-eNB, as the UE 100 reconnects to this node after the RLF.
  • the UE 100 sets, in the successful handover report, an indicator indicating that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-RAT handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the indicator may comprise a binary flag, in which case the UE 100 may set a value of the binary flag to one (i.e., true) to indicate that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter- RAT handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the UE 100 may further determine whether the UE 100 reconnected to the third network node 104C after (e.g., shortly after) the radio link failure associated with the target node 104B. For example, the UE may determine whether the reconnection happened within another pre-defined time interval. In this case (e.g., if the reconnection happened within the other pre-defined time interval), the UE 100 may set the indicator in the successful handover report based on determining that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-RAT handover or after storing the successful handover report, and based on determining that the UE 100 reconnected to the third network node 104C after (e.g., shortly after) the radio link failure occurred.
  • the UE 100 transmits, to the third network node 104C, the radio link failure report comprising information associated with the radio link failure associated with the target node 104B.
  • the third network node 104C receives the radio link failure report from the UE 100.
  • the radio link failure report may comprise an identifier (e.g., target C-RNT1) of the UE 100 in the target cell 122 provided by the target node 104B.
  • the third network node 104C may be associated with the same radio access technology as the target node 104B.
  • the radio link failure report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • the third network node 104C transmits the radio link failure report to the target node 104B.
  • the third network node 104C may transmit the radio link failure report as a container in a failure indication message.
  • the third network node 104C may forward the radio link failure report to the target node 104B.
  • the target node 104B receives the radio link failure report.
  • the target node 104B may transmit, to the source node 104, a message comprising the radio link failure report.
  • the target node 104B may transmit the radio link failure report as a container in a handover report message.
  • the target node 104B may forward the radio link failure report to the source node 104.
  • the source node 104 may receive the radio link failure report.
  • the source node may associate the SHR with the occurrence of the radio link failure without receiving the radio link failure report. The indicator alone is then sufficient information on the occurrence of the radio link failure (shortly) after the successful handover.
  • the UE 100 transmits, to a fourth network node 104D (e.g., gNB) different from the target node 104B and the third network node 104C, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • the fourth network node 104D receives the successful handover report comprising the indicator from the UE 100.
  • the fourth network node 104D may be referred to as a retrieving gNB herein, as it retrieves the SHR from the UE 100.
  • the fourth network node 104D may be associated with the same radio access technology as the source node 104.
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • the UE 100 may transmit the successful handover report after it is connected to the fourth network node 104D, since the fourth network node 104D is associated with the radio access technology that corresponds with the format of the successful handover report (e.g., NR cell in case the SHR is in NR format). Depending on the coverage of each radio access technology, it may take a substantially long period of time from the radio link failure recovery to when the UE 100 is connected to the fourth network node, e.g., an hour or multiple hours. Until that, the UE 100 may store the successful handover report with the indicator.
  • the fourth network node 104D is associated with the radio access technology that corresponds with the format of the successful handover report (e.g., NR cell in case the SHR is in NR format).
  • the UE 100 may store the successful handover report with the indicator.
  • the third network node 104C may be associated with a different radio access technology than the radio access technology associated with the fourth network node 104D to which the successful handover report is transmitted.
  • the fourth network node 104D may be associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the third network node 104C may be associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • first network node ‘second network node’, ‘third network node’ and ‘fourth network node’ are used to distinguish the network nodes, and they do not necessarily mean a specific order or specific identifiers of the network nodes.
  • the fourth network node 104D transmits, to the source node 104, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • the fourth network node 104D may transmit the successful handover report with the indicator in an access and mobility indication.
  • the fourth network node 104D may forward the successful handover report to the source node 104.
  • the source node 104 receives the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • the source node 104 associates (or correlates or links), based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure.
  • the source node 104 determines that the successful handover report and the radio link failure relate to the same handover and the same UE 100.
  • the successful handover report may be associated, based on the indicator, with the radio link failure indicated in the successful handover report. Since the indicator (e.g., the binary flag set to TRUE) in the SHR informs the source node 104 about the RLF occurring shortly after the successful inter-RAT handover, there may be no need for the source node 104 to know the full RLF report for mutual analysis.
  • the successful handover report may be associated, based on the indicator, with the radio link failure report, which comprises additional information about the radio link failure.
  • the mobility robustness optimization may utilize the additional information included in the radio link failure report.
  • the source node 104 may perform mobility robustness optimization for the source node 104 and the target node 104B by using the successful handover report comprising the indicator (e.g., with the binary flag set to TRUE).
  • the successful handover report may comprise information indicating the identity of the source cell 121 provided by the source node 104, and the identity of the target cell 122 provided by the target node 104B.
  • the successful handover report it is possible to determine from which cell the inter-RAT handover was initiated, as well as the cell where the RLF occurred after the successful inter-RAT handover.
  • the source node 104 may use the information in the successful handover report (and possibly the RLF report) for the mobility robustness optimization.
  • the MRO optimization may be performed based on a statistical result for a period of time (instead of a single UE report), aggregation of information from multiple UEs may be performed.
  • the source node 104 may increment, based on associating the successful handover report with the radio link failure report, a counter indicating a number of inter-RAT handovers with a successful handover report linked to a radio link failure report, the number of inter-radio-access- technology handovers being associated with the source node 104 and the target node 104B. The source node 104 may then determine whether the counter indicates that the number of inter-RAT handovers with the successful handover report linked to the radio link failure (or RLF report) is above a threshold.
  • the source node 104 may perform mobility robustness optimization for the source node 104 and the target node 104B based on determining that the number of inter- RAT handovers with the successful handover report linked to the radio link failure (or RLF report) is above the threshold.
  • the source node 104 may prioritize the RLF report and not use the SHR for the mobility robustness optimization.
  • SHR optimization may be prioritized for the scenario, when T310 and/or T312 are set to higher thresholds, when manipulating the handover thresholds for the target cell 122 (e.g., LTE cell) to make the target cell 122 more attractive (e.g., earlier handover execution from NR cell to LTE cell).
  • This may sufficiently prolong the UE 100 to stay in the target cell 122 to give enough time to prepare the handover to the other cell 123 provided by the reconnecting ng-eNB 104C (which may not be avoidable).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method performed by an apparatus 900.
  • the apparatus 900 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, a user equipment 100.
  • the apparatus stores a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the apparatus from a source node 104 to a target node 104B.
  • the apparatus stores a radio link failure report based on detecting a radio link failure associated with the target node 104B.
  • the successful handover report and the radio link failure report may be stored in an internal memory of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus may reconnect, after the radio link failure, to a third network node 104C according to a radio access technology used by the apparatus with the target node 104B.
  • the apparatus determines whether or not the radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio- access-technology handover (or within the pre-defined time interval after storing the successful handover report).
  • the apparatus sets, in the successful handover report, based at least on the determination, an indicator indicating that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter- radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the indicator may be set based on determining that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter- radio-access-technology handover (or within the pre-defined time interval after storing the successful handover report).
  • the apparatus transmits, to a further network node (e.g., the fourth network node 104D) different from the target node 104B and the third network node 104C, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • a further network node e.g., the fourth network node 104D
  • the indicator may comprise a binary flag, wherein a value of the binary flag may be set to one to indicate that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access- technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the apparatus may receive, from the source node 104, a configuration for the successful handover report, the configuration indicating the pre-defined time interval and to enable reporting of the indicator.
  • the apparatus may transmit the radio link failure report to the third network node 104C, the third network node 104C being associated with a different radio access technology than a radio access technology associated with the fourth network node 104D to which the successful handover report is transmitted.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., 5G NR)
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced)
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the radio link failure report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the radio link failure report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method performed by an apparatus 900.
  • the apparatus 900 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, a user equipment 100.
  • the apparatus stores a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of the apparatus from a source node 104 to a target node 104B.
  • the apparatus stores a radio link failure report based on detecting a radio link failure associated with the target node 104B.
  • the apparatus reconnects, after the radio link failure, to a third network node 104C according to a radio access technology used by the apparatus with the target node 104B.
  • the apparatus determines whether the radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access- technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the apparatus determines whether the apparatus reconnected to the third network node 104C (i.e., another network node different from the target node 104B) after (e.g., shortly after) the radio link failure associated with the target node 104B. For example, the UE may determine whether the reconnection happened within another pre-defined time interval.
  • the apparatus sets, in the successful handover report, an indicator indicating that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the apparatus transmits, to a fourth network node 104D different from the target node 104B and the third network node 104C, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • the indicator may comprise a binary flag, wherein a value of the binary flag may be set to one to indicate that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access- technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the apparatus may receive, from the source node 104, a configuration for the successful handover report, the configuration indicating the pre-defined time interval and to enable reporting of the indicator.
  • the apparatus may transmit the radio link failure report to the third network node 104C, the third network node 104C being associated with a different radio access technology than a radio access technology associated with the fourth network node 104D to which the successful handover report is transmitted.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., 5G NR), and the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced), wherein the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology, and the radio link failure report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • a fifth generation cellular radio access technology e.g., 5G NR
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced)
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the radio link failure report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the radio link failure report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method performed by an apparatus 1000.
  • the apparatus 1000 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, a network node such as the fourth network node 104D.
  • the network node may be, for example, a gNB or ng-eNB or eNB.
  • the apparatus receives, from a user equipment 100, a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio- access-technology handover of the user equipment 100 from a source node 104 to a target node 104B, the apparatus being associated with a further network node (e.g., the fourth network node 104D) different from the target node 104B.
  • a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio- access-technology handover of the user equipment 100 from a source node 104 to a target node 104B, the apparatus being associated with a further network node (e.g., the fourth network node 104D) different from the target node 104B.
  • the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the apparatus transmits, to the source node 104, the successful handover report comprising the indicator.
  • the indicator may comprise a binary flag, wherein a value of the binary flag may be set to one to indicate that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access- technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., 5G NR), and the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced), wherein the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • a fifth generation cellular radio access technology e.g., 5G NR
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced)
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method performed by an apparatus 1000.
  • the apparatus 1000 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, a network node such as the source node 104.
  • the network node may be, for example, a gNB or ng-eNB or eNB.
  • the apparatus receives a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of a user equipment 100 from the source node 104 to a target node 104B, the apparatus being associated with the source node 104, wherein the successful handover report is received from a further network node (e.g., the fourth network node 104D) different from the target node 104B.
  • a further network node e.g., the fourth network node 104D
  • the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the indicator may comprise a binary flag, wherein a value of the binary flag may be set to one to indicate that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access- technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the apparatus may transmit, to the user equipment 100, a configuration for the successful handover report, the configuration indicating the pre-defined time interval and to enable reporting of the indicator.
  • the apparatus associates (or correlates or links), based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure.
  • the successful handover report may be associated, based on the indicator, with the radio link failure indicated in the successful handover report.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., 5G NR), and the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced), wherein the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • a fifth generation cellular radio access technology e.g., 5G NR
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced)
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method performed by an apparatus 1000.
  • the apparatus 1000 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, the source node 104.
  • the source node 104 may be a network node such as a gNB or ng-eNB or eNB.
  • the apparatus receives a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of a user equipment 100 from the source node 104 to a target node 104B, the apparatus being associated with the source node 104, wherein the successful handover report is received from a further network node (e.g., the fourth network node 104D) different from the target node 104B.
  • a further network node e.g., the fourth network node 104D
  • the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the indicator may comprise a binary flag, wherein a value of the binary flag may be set to one to indicate that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access- technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the apparatus may transmit, to the user equipment 100, a configuration for the successful handover report, the configuration indicating the pre-defined time interval and to enable reporting of the indicator.
  • the apparatus associates, based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure.
  • the apparatus increments, based on associating the successful handover report with the radio link failure, a counter indicating a number of inter-radio-access-technology handovers with a successful handover report linked to a radio link failure (i.e., a number of inter-RAT handovers with an SHR comprising the indicator, such as the binary flag set to one), the number of inter-radio-access-technology handovers being associated with the source node and the target node.
  • a counter indicating a number of inter-radio-access-technology handovers with a successful handover report linked to a radio link failure (i.e., a number of inter-RAT handovers with an SHR comprising the indicator, such as the binary flag set to one), the number of inter-radio-access-technology handovers being associated with the source node and the target node.
  • the apparatus determines whether the counter indicates that the number of inter-radio-access-technology handovers with the successful handover report linked to the radio link failure is above a threshold.
  • the apparatus performs mobility robustness optimization for the source node and the target node.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., 5G NR), and the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced), wherein the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • a fifth generation cellular radio access technology e.g., 5G NR
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced)
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart according to an example embodiment of a method performed by an apparatus 1000.
  • the apparatus 1000 may be, or comprise, or be comprised in, the source node 104.
  • the source node 104 may be a network node such as a gNB or ng-eNB or eNB.
  • the apparatus receives a successful handover report indicative of a successful inter-radio-access-technology handover of a user equipment 100 from the source node 104 to a target node 104B, the apparatus being associated with the source node 104, wherein the successful handover report is received from a further network node (e.g., the fourth network node 104D) different from the target node 104B.
  • a further network node e.g., the fourth network node 104D
  • the successful handover report comprises an indicator indicating that a radio link failure occurred within a pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access-technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the indicator may comprise a binary flag, wherein a value of the binary flag may be set to one to indicate that the radio link failure occurred within the pre-defined time interval after the successful inter-radio-access- technology handover or after storing the successful handover report.
  • the apparatus may transmit, to the user equipment 100, a configuration for the successful handover report, the configuration indicating the pre-defined time interval and to enable reporting of the indicator.
  • the apparatus receives, from the target node 104B, a message comprising a radio link failure report comprising information associated with the radio link failure.
  • the message comprising the radio link failure report may be received before or after receiving the successful handover report.
  • the apparatus associates, based on the indicator, the successful handover report with the radio link failure report.
  • the apparatus may increment, based on associating the successful handover report with the radio link failure report, a counter indicating a number of inter-radio-access-technology handovers with a successful handover report linked to a radio link failure report, the number of inter-radio-access-technology handovers being associated with the source node and the target node.
  • the apparatus may determine whether the counter indicates that the number of inter-radio-access-technology handovers with the successful handover report linked to the radio link failure report is above a threshold.
  • the apparatus may perform mobility robustness optimization for the source node and the target node.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., 5G NR), and the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced), wherein the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology, and the radio link failure report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • a fifth generation cellular radio access technology e.g., 5G NR
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-Advanced)
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the radio link failure report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • the source node 104 may be associated with a fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the target node 104B may be associated with a fifth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the successful handover report may be encoded in a format associated with the fourth generation cellular radio access technology
  • the radio link failure report may be encoded in a format associated with the fifth generation cellular radio access technology.
  • the blocks, related functions, and information exchanges (messages) described above by means of FIGS. 2-8 are in no absolute chronological order, and some of them may be performed simultaneously or in an order differing from the described one. Other functions can also be executed between them or within them, and other information may be sent, and/or other rules applied. Some of the blocks or part of the blocks or one or more pieces of information can also be left out or replaced by a corresponding block or part of the block or one or more pieces of information.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an apparatus 900 comprising means for performing one or more of the example embodiments described above.
  • the apparatus 900 may be an apparatus such as, or comprising, or comprised in, a user equipment 100.
  • the apparatus 900 may comprise a circuitry or a chipset applicable for realizing one or more of the example embodiments described above.
  • the apparatus 900 may comprise at least one processor 910.
  • the at least one processor 910 interprets instructions (e.g., computer program instructions) and processes data.
  • the at least one processor 910 may comprise one or more programmable processors.
  • the at least one processor 910 may comprise programmable hardware with embedded firmware and may, alternatively or additionally, comprise one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • the at least one processor 910 is coupled to at least one memory 920.
  • the at least one processor is configured to read and write data to and from the at least one memory 920.
  • the at least one memory 920 may comprise one or more memory units.
  • the memory units may be volatile or non-volatile. It is to be noted that there may be one or more units of non-volatile memory and one or more units of volatile memory or, alternatively, one or more units of non-volatile memory, or, alternatively, one or more units of volatile memory.
  • Volatile memory may be for example random-access memory (RAM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) or synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM).
  • Non-volatile memory may be for example read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, optical storage or magnetic storage.
  • memories may be referred to as non-transitory computer readable media.
  • the term “non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).
  • the at least one memory 920 stores computer readable instructions that are executed by the at least one processor 910 to perform one or more of the example embodiments described above.
  • non-volatile memory stores the computer readable instructions, and the at least one processor 910 executes the instructions using volatile memory for temporary storage of data and/or instructions.
  • the computer readable instructions may refer to computer program code.
  • the computer readable instructions may have been pre-stored to the at least one memory 920 or, alternatively or additionally, they may be received, by the apparatus, via an electromagnetic carrier signal and/or may be copied from a physical entity such as a computer program product. Execution of the computer readable instructions by the at least one processor 910 causes the apparatus 900 to perform one or more of the example embodiments described above. That is, the at least one processor and the at least one memory storing the instructions may provide the means for providing or causing the performance of any of the methods and/or blocks described above.
  • a “memory” or “computer-readable media” or “computer-readable medium” may be any non-transitory media or medium or means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer.
  • the term “non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).
  • the apparatus 900 may further comprise, or be connected to, an input unit 930.
  • the input unit 930 may comprise one or more interfaces for receiving input.
  • the one or more interfaces may comprise for example one or more temperature, motion and/or orientation sensors, one or more cameras, one or more accelerometers, one or more microphones, one or more buttons and/or one or more touch detection units.
  • the input unit 930 may comprise an interface to which external devices may connect to.
  • the apparatus 900 may also comprise an output unit 940.
  • the output unit may comprise or be connected to one or more displays capable of rendering visual content, such as a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD) and/or a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) display.
  • the output unit 940 may further comprise one or more audio outputs.
  • the one or more audio outputs may be for example loudspeakers.
  • the apparatus 900 further comprises a connectivity unit 950.
  • the connectivity unit 950 enables wireless connectivity to one or more external devices.
  • the connectivity unit 950 comprises at least one transmitter and at least one receiver that may be integrated to the apparatus 900 or that the apparatus 900 may be connected to.
  • the at least one transmitter comprises at least one transmission antenna, and the at least one receiver comprises at least one receiving antenna.
  • the connectivity unit 950 may comprise an integrated circuit or a set of integrated circuits that provide the wireless communication capability for the apparatus 900.
  • the wireless connectivity may be a hardwired application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the connectivity unit 950 may also provide means for performing at least some of the blocks or functions of one or more example embodiments described above.
  • the connectivity unit 950 may comprise one or more components, such as: power amplifier, digital front end (DFE), analog-to-digital converter (ADC), digital-to-analog converter (DAC), frequency converter, (de) modulator, and/or encoder/decoder circuitries, controlled by the corresponding controlling units.
  • DFE digital front end
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • frequency converter frequency converter
  • de modulator demodulator
  • encoder/decoder circuitries controlled by the corresponding controlling units.
  • apparatus 900 may further comprise various components not illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the various components may be hardware components and/or software components.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an apparatus 1000 comprising means for performing one or more of the example embodiments described above.
  • the apparatus 1000 may be an apparatus such as, or comprising, or comprised in, a network node 104, 104B, 104C, 104D of a radio access network.
  • the network node may also be referred to, for example, as a network element, a radio access network (RAN) node, a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) node, a NodeB, an eNB, an ng-eNB, a gNB, a base transceiver station (BTS), a base station, an access node, an access point (AP), a cell site, a relay node, a repeater, an integrated access and backhaul (1AB) node, an 1AB donor node, a distributed unit (DU), a central unit (CU), a baseband unit (BBU), a radio unit (RU), a radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), or a transmission and reception point (TRP).
  • RAN radio access network
  • NG-RAN next generation radio access network
  • NodeB an eNB
  • ng-eNB ng-eNB
  • gNB gNode
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • AP access point
  • the apparatus 1000 may comprise, for example, a circuitry or a chipset applicable for realizing one or more of the example embodiments described above.
  • the apparatus 1000 may be an electronic device comprising one or more electronic circuitries.
  • the apparatus 1000 may comprise a communication control circuitry 1010 such as at least one processor, and at least one memory 1020 storing instructions 1022 which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus 1000 to carry out one or more of the example embodiments described above.
  • Such instructions 1022 may, for example, include computer program code (software).
  • the at least one processor and the at least one memory storing the instructions may provide the means for providing or causing the performance of any of the methods and/or blocks described above.
  • the processor is coupled to the memory 1020.
  • the processor is configured to read and write data to and from the memory 1020.
  • the memory 1020 may comprise one or more memory units.
  • the memory units may be volatile or non-volatile. It is to be noted that there may be one or more units of non-volatile memory and one or more units of volatile memory or, alternatively, one or more units of non-volatile memory, or, alternatively, one or more units of volatile memory.
  • Volatile memory may be for example random-access memory (RAM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) or synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM).
  • Non-volatile memory may be for example read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, optical storage or magnetic storage.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • PROM programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electronically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • flash memory optical storage or magnetic storage.
  • memories may be referred to as non-transitory computer readable media.
  • the term “non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).
  • the memory 1020 stores computer readable instructions that are executed by the processor.
  • non-volatile memory stores the computer readable instructions, and the processor executes the instructions using volatile memory for temporary storage of data and/or instructions.
  • the computer readable instructions may have been pre-stored to the memory 1020 or, alternatively or additionally, they may be received, by the apparatus, via an electromagnetic carrier signal and/or may be copied from a physical entity such as a computer program product. Execution of the computer readable instructions causes the apparatus 1000 to perform one or more of the functionalities described above.
  • the memory 1020 may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and/or removable memory.
  • the memory may comprise a configuration database for storing configuration data, such as a current neighbour cell list, and, in some example embodiments, structures of frames used in the detected neighbour cells.
  • the apparatus 1000 may further comprise or be connected to a communication interface 1030, such as a radio unit, comprising hardware and/or software for realizing communication connectivity with one or more wireless communication devices according to one or more communication protocols.
  • the communication interface 1030 comprises at least one transmitter (Tx) and at least one receiver (Rx) that may be integrated to the apparatus 1000 or that the apparatus 1000 may be connected to.
  • the communication interface 1030 may provide means for performing some of the blocks for one or more example embodiments described above.
  • the communication interface 1030 may comprise one or more components, such as: power amplifier, digital front end (DFE), analog- to-digital converter (ADC), digital-to-analog converter (DAC), frequency converter, (de) modulator, and/or encoder/decoder circuitries, controlled by the corresponding controlling units.
  • the communication interface 1030 provides the apparatus with radio communication capabilities to communicate in the wireless communication network.
  • the communication interface may, for example, provide a radio interface to one or more wireless communication devices.
  • the apparatus 1000 may further comprise or be connected to another interface towards a core network such as the network coordinator apparatus or AMF, and/or to the access nodes of the wireless communication network.
  • the apparatus 1000 may further comprise a scheduler 1040 that is configured to allocate radio resources.
  • the scheduler 1040 may be configured along with the communication control circuitry 1010 or it may be separately configured.
  • apparatus 1000 may further comprise various components not illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • the various components may be hardware components and/or software components.
  • circuitry may refer to one or more or all of the following: a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry); and b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): i) a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuit(s) with software/firmware and ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone, to perform various functions); and c) hardware circuit(s) and/or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (for example firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
  • circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
  • the techniques and methods described herein may be implemented by various means. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware (one or more devices), firmware (one or more devices), software (one or more modules), or combinations thereof.
  • the apparatus(es) of example embodiments may be implemented within one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), graphics processing units (GPUs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • DSPDs digital signal processing devices
  • PLDs programmable logic devices
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • GPUs graphics processing units
  • processors controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination
  • the implementation can be carried out through modules of at least one chipset (for example procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
  • the software codes maybe stored in a memory unit and executed by processors.
  • the memory unit may be implemented within the processor or externally to the processor. In the latter case, it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, as is known in the art.
  • the components of the systems described herein may be rearranged and/or complemented by additional components in order to facilitate the achievements of the various aspects, etc., described with regard thereto, and they are not limited to the precise configurations set forth in the given figures, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé comprend le stockage, par un appareil, d'un rapport de transfert réussi indiquant un transfert inter-technologie d'accès radio réussi de l'appareil depuis un nœud source vers un nœud cible ; le stockage, par l'appareil, d'un rapport de défaillance de liaison radio sur la base de la détection d'une défaillance de liaison radio associée au nœud cible ; la détermination, par l'appareil, du fait que la défaillance de liaison radio s'est produite dans un intervalle de temps prédéfini après le transfert inter-technologie d'accès radio réussi ; le réglage, par l'appareil, dans le rapport de transfert inter-technologie d'accès radio réussi, sur la base au moins de la détermination, d'un indicateur indiquant que la défaillance de liaison radio s'est produite dans l'intervalle de temps prédéfini après le transfert inter-technologie d'accès radio réussi, et la transmission, par l'appareil, à un autre nœud de réseau différent du nœud cible, du rapport de transfert inter-technologie d'accès radio réussi comprenant l'indicateur.
PCT/EP2024/060162 2023-05-08 2024-04-15 Indication de l'occurrence d'une défaillance de liaison radio dans un rapport de transfert réussi Pending WO2024231043A1 (fr)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2022089531A1 (fr) * 2020-10-28 2022-05-05 华为技术有限公司 Procédé de communication et appareil de communication

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WO2022089531A1 (fr) * 2020-10-28 2022-05-05 华为技术有限公司 Procédé de communication et appareil de communication
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