WO2024229897A1 - Test table for monitoring operating state of coal caving mechanism, and use of test table - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a test table for monitoring an operating state of a coal caving mechanism, and the use of the test table. The test table comprises a hydraulic support, a hydraulic-support posture control device, a rear armored face conveyor, a rear-armored-face-conveyor posture control device, a bottom-plate simulation device, an upper computer and a controller, wherein the hydraulic support is placed on the hydraulic-support posture control device; the rear armored face conveyor is placed on the rear-armored-face-conveyor posture control device; the hydraulic-support posture control device and the rear-armored-face-conveyor posture control device are placed on the bottom-plate simulation device; and the hydraulic support, the hydraulic-support posture control device, the rear-armored-face-conveyor posture control device and the bottom-plate simulation device are connected to the upper computer by means of the controller. Data obtained via simulation by means of the monitoring test table provided in the present invention have reference significance for intelligent coal caving during actual top-coal caving mining, and by using the data, the maximum recovery rate of top coal can be achieved under different working conditions of the top coal caving mining, thus providing relatively high economic value and practical significance for top coal recovery.

Description

A coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench and its application Technical Field

The invention relates to a coal caving mechanism operation state monitoring test bench and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of top coal caving support simulation experimental equipment.

Background Art

The development of the top coal caving support has evolved from a high-position skylight single conveyor to a mid-position skylight double conveyor, and then to the low-position top coal caving support that is currently the main application. The main equipment of the low-position top coal caving mining technology consists of a low-position top coal caving support and a double conveyor. When the low-position top coal caving support caving coal, the tail beam swings down to open the coal caving port, and the top coal falls into the rear scraper conveyor through the coal caving port. However, during the coal caving process, the coal caving port and the rear scraper conveyor are easily misaligned, so that the top coal cannot fall completely into the rear scraper conveyor, and it is scattered outside the conveyor, reducing the top coal recovery rate. The underground environment and conditions are complex, the research cost is high, and it is difficult to replace the hydraulic support model. It is impossible to explore the operating status of the coal caving mechanism of hydraulic supports of different models and structures under different working conditions, nor is it possible to explore the operating status of the coal caving mechanism when the hydraulic support is in an unreasonable position.

After searching, it was found that Chinese patent document CN108827673A discloses a similar simulation test bench for coal mining working faces suitable for different frame types of hydraulic supports. It includes a base, the base includes a step platform and a stabilizing block, and a groove is provided on the top of the step platform, the top of the step platform and the stabilizing block are both rotatably connected with a rotating device, and the top of the rotating device is movably connected with a hydraulic loading device, the rotating device includes a rotatable connecting support, and the top of the rotatable connecting support is rotatably connected with a supporting jack, and the top of the supporting jack is rotatably connected to the surface of the hydraulic loading device through a rotatable connecting support, which relates to the field of coal mine technology, and simulates different frame types of hydraulic supports by changing the top plate, bottom plate, shield plate and hydraulic plunger of the multifunctional hydraulic support and the hinged position between the connecting rods, greatly improving the loading capacity and data accuracy, so that three-dimensional simulation experiments of different frame types of hydraulic supports and different mining field environments can be realized on the same experimental platform.

Chinese patent document CN104807666A discloses an experimental device based on dynamic simulation of coal mining face support and frame shifting. It includes an adjustable angle base, a loading test bench, a variable frame type hydraulic support, a rock specimen, a slidable base, a signal acquisition system, and a signal processing system, wherein the adjustable angle base includes a mutually hinged bottom plate, a pressure plate, and front and rear connecting rods of the base; the loading test bench is placed on the adjustable angle base; the variable frame type hydraulic support is placed under the loading pad and above the slidable base; the rock The test piece is placed above the support top beam and below the support base; the slidable base is placed above the pressure plate of the adjustable angle base and below the bottom plate rock test piece; the signal acquisition system includes a crack signal sensor, a crack signal amplifier, a pressure collector, and a pressure sensor; the signal processing system includes a pressure oscilloscope and a waveform analyzer. The present invention can realize the coupling effect simulation research of various stope conditions.

However, most of the known public patent documents are dynamic simulation experiments on the working state, support and frame movement of the hydraulic support itself, and there are no monitoring tests on the operating state of the coal placing mechanism. That is, there is currently a lack of a monitoring test system for the overall operating state of the coal placing mechanism and the rear scraper conveyor.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a coal caving mechanism operation status monitoring test bench, which is specially used to simulate and monitor the operation working status of the coal caving mechanism and the rear scraper conveyor of the top coal caving support.

The invention also provides a working method of a coal placing mechanism operation status monitoring test bench.

The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A coal placing mechanism operation status monitoring test bench comprises a hydraulic support, a hydraulic support posture control device, a rear scraper conveyor, a rear scraper conveyor posture control device, a bottom plate simulation device, a host computer and a controller;

The hydraulic support is placed on the hydraulic support posture control device, the rear scraper conveyor is placed on the rear scraper conveyor posture control device, and the hydraulic support posture control device and the rear scraper conveyor posture control device are placed on the bottom plate simulation device;

The hydraulic support, the hydraulic support posture control device, the rear scraper conveyor posture control device and the bottom plate simulation device are respectively connected to the host computer through the controller.

Preferably, the hydraulic support posture control device and the rear scraper conveyor posture control device both include an upper top plate, a lower bottom plate and six jacks, the upper and lower ends of the six jacks are respectively connected to the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate, and the six jacks are connected to the host computer through a controller.

Preferably, the base plate simulation device comprises four upper plates, a lower base plate and jacks, each of the upper plates is connected to the lower base plate via four jacks, and the jacks are connected to the host computer via a controller.

Preferably, the lower base plate of the hydraulic support posture control device is connected to the four upper top plates of the base plate simulation device by bolts.

Preferably, the lower bottom plate of the rear scraper conveyor posture control device is connected to the bottom plate simulation device by bolts. The two upper plates are connected.

Preferably, the hydraulic support comprises a top beam, a shield beam, a tail beam, a base, a hydraulic column, a front link and a rear link, wherein the top beam, the shield beam and the tail beam are connected in sequence; the base is provided with a first limiting guide rail, a second limiting guide rail, a movable base of a rear link, a fixed base of a front link, a fixed base of a rear column socket and a movable base of a front column socket; the rear link is hinged with a rear link variable support, the bottom end of the rear link variable support is connected to the movable base of the rear link, and the movable base of the rear link is arranged in the first limiting guide rail; the front link is hinged There is a front connecting rod variable support, the bottom end of the front connecting rod variable support is connected to the front connecting rod fixed base, and the front connecting rod fixed base and the rear connecting rod movable base are connected through a first push jack; the bottom ends of the hydraulic columns are respectively connected to the rear column socket fixed base and the front column socket movable base, and the rear column socket fixed base and the front column socket movable base are connected through a second push jack, and the front column socket movable base is arranged in a second limiting guide rail; the first push jack and the second push jack are connected to the host computer through a controller.

Preferably, the rear connecting rod includes a sleeve, a screw, a clutch and a first screw motor, the first screw motor is connected to the screw through the clutch, the screw is threadedly connected to the sleeve, the sleeve is hinged to the shield beam, and the first screw motor and the clutch are connected to the host computer through a controller.

Preferably, the front connecting rod includes a sleeve, a screw, a clutch and a second screw motor, the second screw motor is connected to the screw through the clutch, the screw is threadedly connected to the sleeve, the sleeve is hinged to the shield beam, and the second screw motor and the clutch are connected to the host computer through a controller.

Preferably, the first screw motor and the second screw motor are stepper motors.

Preferably, the base is connected to an upper top plate of the hydraulic support attitude control device by bolts.

Preferably, the rear scraper conveyor is connected to the upper top plate of the rear scraper conveyor posture control device by bolts.

Preferably, the shield beam includes a main body, on which a fixed articulated support of a rear link, a movable articulated support of a front link, a third push jack and a third limiting guide rail are provided; the fixed articulated support of the rear link is hinged to the sleeve of the rear link, the movable articulated support of the front link is hinged to the sleeve of the front link, the movable articulated support of the front link is arranged in the third limiting guide rail, the fixed articulated support of the rear link and the movable articulated support of the front link are connected by the third push jack, and the third push jack is connected to the host computer through a controller.

Preferably, the monitoring test bench also includes a visual monitoring device, which includes a camera, an image processing module and a data transmission module. The camera is fixedly connected to the three-way pan-tilt head, which is connected to the tail beam. The camera is connected to the host computer through the image processing module and the data transmission module. The advantage of this design is that The camera is used to collect the accumulation of top coal dropped by the coal discharge mechanism onto the rear scraper conveyor, and the image processing module performs basic processing such as sharpening and image segmentation on the collected pictures and transmits the data to the host computer. The host computer obtains the accumulation of top coal on the rear scraper conveyor through further processing, and determines whether the top coal is scattered outside the rear scraper conveyor, and whether the rear conveyor is overloaded, empty or lightly loaded.

A working method of a coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench comprises the following steps:

The host computer sends instructions to the controller, and the controller controls the hydraulic column, the first screw motor, the second screw motor, the clutch, the first push jack, the second push jack and the jacks of each posture adjustment device to operate, thereby changing the structural parameters of the hydraulic support to simulate different types of supports, changing the posture of the hydraulic support to simulate different working conditions of the support, changing the posture of the rear scraper conveyor to simulate different working conditions of the conveyor, and changing the posture of different upper top plates in the bottom plate simulation device to simulate the influence of different working conditions of the support chassis on the operating state of the coal placing mechanism and the top coal placing situation;

The visual monitoring device monitors the operating status of the coal placing mechanism in each working condition and the situation of the top coal being placed on the rear scraper conveyor, so as to obtain the influence of various structural parameters or working conditions on the operating status of the coal placing mechanism.

Technical features and beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The present invention proposes for the first time a test bench for monitoring the operating status of the coal placing mechanism and the rear scraper conveyor and the top coal placing situation. The test bench can simulate different support models, different coal placing heights, different support postures, different pitch angles of the coal placing mechanism, different working postures of the rear scraper conveyor, and different positions of the rear scraper conveyor.

2. The data obtained through the simulation of the monitoring test bench proposed in the present invention has a reference significance for the intelligent coal caving in actual top coal caving mining, so that the top coal recovery rate can be maximized under different working conditions, which has high economic value and practical significance for top coal recovery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring test bench;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic support structure;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic support base structure;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic support shield beam structure;

In the figure: 1 is the top beam, 2 is the shield beam, 3 is the tail beam, 4 is the rear scraper conveyor, 5 is the rear scraper The plate conveyor posture control device, 6 is the bottom plate simulation device, 7 is the visual monitoring device, 8 is the hydraulic support posture control device, 9 is the base, 10 is the rear connecting rod, 11 is the front connecting rod, and 12 is the hydraulic column. 13 is the first limit rail, 14 is the rear connecting rod variable support, 15 is the rear connecting rod movable base, 16 is the first push jack, 17 is the front connecting rod fixed base, 18 is the front connecting rod variable support, 19 is the rear column socket fixed base, 20 is the second push jack, 21 is the front column socket movable base, 22 is the second limit rail, 23 is the second screw motor, 24 is the rear connecting rod fixed hinge support, 25 is the third push jack, 26 is the front connecting rod movable hinge support, 27 is the third limit rail, and 28 is the first screw motor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention will be further described below by way of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto.

Embodiment 1:

As shown in Fig. 1-4, this embodiment provides a coal placing mechanism operation state monitoring test bench, including a hydraulic support, a hydraulic support posture control device 8, a rear scraper conveyor 4, a rear scraper conveyor posture control device 5, a floor simulation device 6, a host computer and a controller;

The hydraulic support is placed on the hydraulic support posture control device 8, the rear scraper conveyor 4 is placed on the rear scraper conveyor posture control device 5, and the hydraulic support posture control device 8 and the rear scraper conveyor posture control device 5 are placed on the bottom plate simulation device 6;

The hydraulic support, the hydraulic support posture control device 8, the rear scraper conveyor posture control device 5 and the bottom plate simulation device 6 are connected to the host computer through the controller respectively.

Specifically, the hydraulic support posture control device 8 and the rear scraper conveyor posture control device 5 have the same structure, both including an upper top plate, a lower bottom plate and six jacks, the upper and lower ends of the six jacks are welded to the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate respectively, and the six jacks are connected to the host computer through a controller. The six jacks receive control signals from the host computer and control the jacks therein to extend or shorten, so as to simulate different postures of the hydraulic support base 9, such as lowering, raising, tilting, and horizontal, and then explore the influence of different postures of the hydraulic support on the operating state of the coal discharge mechanism, and accurately simulate different degrees of tilt by quantitatively adjusting the telescopic length of the jacks, so as to perform quantitative analysis.

The floor simulation device 6 includes four upper plates, a lower plate and jacks. Each upper plate is connected to the lower plate through four jacks, and the jacks are connected to the host computer through a controller. The different tilt directions and tilt angles of the upper plate can be controlled according to the expansion and contraction changes of the four jacks. The lower plate of the floor simulation device 6 is fixed to the ground through anchor bolts, and the jacks are respectively connected to the upper plate and the lower plate through welding. When the host computer sends a When the instruction is given to the controller, the controller controls the corresponding jack to rise and fall according to the instruction, thereby changing the angle, distance and other positional relationships between the four upper top plates and the lower bottom plate of the bottom plate simulation device, simulating the different inclination directions and different inclination angles of the bottom plate where the hydraulic support is located, and then simulating the uneven working conditions of the bottom plate where the support is located in the fully mechanized mining working face, so as to explore the influence of different working conditions of the bottom plate on the operating state of the coal placing mechanism of the hydraulic support.

The lower base plate of the hydraulic support posture control device 8 is connected to the four upper top plates of the base plate simulation device 6 by bolts.

The lower bottom plate of the rear scraper conveyor posture control device 5 is connected to the two upper top plates in the bottom plate simulation device 6 by bolts.

The hydraulic support comprises a top beam 1, a shielding beam 2, a tail beam 3, a base 9, four hydraulic columns 12, a front connecting rod 11 and a rear connecting rod 10, wherein the top beam 1, the shielding beam 2 and the tail beam 3 are connected in sequence; the base 9 is provided with a first limiting guide rail 13, a second limiting guide rail 22, a rear connecting rod movable base 15, a front connecting rod fixed base 17, a rear column socket fixed base 19 and a front column socket movable base 21; the rear connecting rod 10 is hinged with a rear connecting rod variable support 14, the bottom end of the rear connecting rod variable support 14 is connected to the rear connecting rod movable base 15, and the rear connecting rod movable base 15 is slidably installed in the first limiting guide rail 13; the front connecting rod 11 is hinged with a front connecting rod variable support 18, The bottom end of the front connecting rod variable support 18 is connected to the front connecting rod fixed base 17, and the front connecting rod fixed base 17 is connected to the rear connecting rod movable base 15 through the first push jack 16; the four hydraulic columns 12 are distributed and arranged in parallel on both sides, and the bottom ends of the two hydraulic columns on the same side are connected to the rear column socket fixed base 19 and the front column socket movable base 21 one after the other, respectively, the rear column socket fixed base 19 and the front column socket movable base 21 are connected through the second push jack 20, and the front column socket movable base 21 is slidably installed in the second limiting guide rail 22; the first push jack 16 and the second push jack 20 are connected to the host computer through the controller.

The front connecting rod fixed base 17 is fixed on the support base 9 by welding, and the two ends of the first push jack 16 are respectively fixed to the front connecting rod fixed base 17 and the rear connecting rod movable base 15 by welding. The rear connecting rod movable base 15 can move in the first limiting guide rail 13 with the extension and contraction of the first push jack 16, so as to change the horizontal distance between the hinge points of the front connecting rod 11, the rear connecting rod 10 and the base 9. The first limiting guide rail 13 is fixed on the hydraulic support base 9 by welding; The connecting rod 11 and the rear connecting rod 10 are respectively connected to the front connecting rod variable support 18 and the rear connecting rod variable support 14 by hinges. The front connecting rod variable support 18 and the rear connecting rod variable support 14 are composed of jacks, and the expansion and contraction changes are realized by the air supply of the air pump. With the expansion and contraction of the jacks, the vertical heights of the hinge points of the front connecting rod 11, the rear connecting rod 10 and the base 9 are changed; with the changes in the horizontal and vertical distances between the hinge points of the front connecting rod 11, the rear connecting rod 10 and the base 9, the structural parameters of the four-link hydraulic support As the changes occur, diverse simulations of hydraulic support structures are achieved.

The rear column socket fixed base 19 is fixed on the hydraulic support base 9 by welding, and the two ends of the second push jack 20 are respectively fixed to the rear column socket fixed base 19 and the front column socket movable base 21 by welding. The front column socket movable base 21 can move on the second limit guide rail 22 with the extension and contraction of the second push jack 20, thereby changing the distance between the front and rear column sockets, so as to simulate different working postures of the hydraulic support. The second limit guide rail 22 is fixed on the hydraulic support base 9 by welding. In this way, the operation state of the hydraulic support coal discharge mechanism can be explored when the hydraulic support is in different postures such as forward tilt, backward tilt, left and right tilt, and the situation of the top coal falling on the rear scraper conveyor 4.

The rear connecting rod 10 includes a sleeve, a screw, a clutch and a first screw motor 28. The first screw motor 28 is connected to the screw through the clutch. The screw is threadedly connected to the sleeve. The sleeve is hinged to the shield beam. The first screw motor 28 and the clutch are connected to the host computer through a controller.

The front connecting rod 11 includes a sleeve, a screw, a clutch and a second screw motor 23. The second screw motor 23 is connected to the screw through the clutch. The screw is threadedly connected to the sleeve. The sleeve is hinged to the shield beam. The second screw motor 23 and the clutch are connected to the host computer through a controller.

In this embodiment, both the first screw motor 28 and the second screw motor 23 are stepper motors. When the clutch is in the open state, as the stepper motor rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, the screw and the sleeve move relative to each other to achieve elongation or shortening, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the length of the front connecting rod or rear connecting rod structure of the hydraulic support. According to the rotation direction and number of rotations of the stepper motor, the front connecting rod or rear connecting rod changes the corresponding length; and at this time, the length of the front connecting rod or rear connecting rod only changes with the rotation of the stepper motor, and does not change with the change in the length of other rods of the four-bar linkage. At this time, the influence of the change in the length of the four-bar linkage and the change in the angle between the four-bar linkage with the change in length on the operating state of the hydraulic support coal discharge mechanism can be simulated.

When the clutch is closed, the rotation of the stepper motor no longer changes the length of the front link or the rear link. At this time, the length of the front link or the rear link changes with the length of other rods in the four-link, and is in a follow-up state. At this time, the influence of the change in the length of the four-link and the unchanged angle between the four-link on the operating state of the hydraulic support coal placing mechanism can be simulated.

When the stepper motor controller receives instructions from the host computer, it controls the opening and closing of the clutch according to the instructions, and controls the rotation direction and number of revolutions of the stepper motor, thereby controlling the extension or shortening of the screw sleeve by a corresponding length, realizing the change of the length of the front connecting rod and the rear connecting rod, and then simulating brackets with different structural parameters to expand the adaptability of the test bench and improve the credibility of the test data.

The base 9 is connected to the upper top plate of the hydraulic support posture control device 8 by bolts. The rear scraper conveyor 4 is connected to the upper top plate of the rear scraper conveyor posture control device 5 by bolts.

The shielding beam 2 includes a main body, on which a rear link fixed articulated support 24, a front link movable articulated support 26, a third push jack 25 and a third limiting guide rail 27 are arranged; the rear link fixed articulated support 24 is hinged to the sleeve of the rear link 10, the front link movable articulated support 26 is hinged to the sleeve of the front link 11, the front link movable articulated support 26 is slidably installed in the third limiting guide rail 27, the rear link fixed articulated support 24 and the front link movable articulated support 26 are connected by the third push jack 25, and the third push jack 25 is connected to the host computer through a controller.

The rear link fixed articulated support 24 is fixed on the shielding beam body by welding, and is connected to the rear link 10 by a hinge; the two ends of the third push jack 25 are respectively fixed on the rear link fixed articulated support 24 and the front link movable articulated support 26 by welding. As the third push jack 25 is extended and retracted, the front link movable articulated support 26 can move on the third limiting guide rail 27, thereby changing the structure of the four-link hydraulic support. The third limiting guide rail 27 is fixed on the shielding beam body by welding.

Embodiment 2:

A coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench, the structure of which is as described in Example 1, except that: the monitoring test bench also includes a visual monitoring device 7, the visual monitoring device 7 includes a camera, an image processing module and a data transmission module, the camera is fixedly connected to a three-way pan-tilt head, the three-way pan-tilt head is connected to a tail beam 3, and the camera is connected to a host computer via an image processing module and a data transmission module.

The visual monitoring device 7 collects the accumulation situation of the top coal dropped by the coal discharge mechanism onto the rear scraper conveyor through a camera, and performs basic processing such as sharpening and image segmentation on the collected pictures through the image processing module and transmits the data to the host computer. The host computer obtains the accumulation situation of the top coal on the rear scraper conveyor through further processing, and determines whether the top coal is scattered outside the rear scraper conveyor, and whether the rear conveyor is overloaded, empty or lightly loaded.

The designed test bench changes the length of each rod of the four-link hydraulic support and the distance between the front and rear column sockets, thus changing the structural parameters of the hydraulic support, and simulating the functions of different types of supports by sending instructions to the controller through the host computer; the hydraulic support posture control device can change the posture of the hydraulic support, simulate the front and back, left and right tilt of the support, the head up and the head down of the support, and quantitatively simulate different degrees of tilt; the rear scraper conveyor posture control device can change the posture of the rear scraper conveyor, simulate different degrees of tilt, tilt, etc. of the rear scraper conveyor The influence of the change of relative position between the hydraulic support and the rear scraper conveyor on the operation state of the coal placing mechanism and the situation of the top coal being placed on the rear scraper conveyor are further explored; the bottom plate simulation device simulates the influence of different inclination directions, different inclination sizes, and unevenness of the bottom plate of the underground fully mechanized mining face on the operation state of the hydraulic support coal placing mechanism and the situation of the top coal being placed on the rear scraper conveyor by changing the telescopic size of different jacks in the device; the visual monitoring device can monitor the operation state of the coal placing mechanism, the situation of the top coal being placed and the rear scraper conveyor in real time. The different structural parameters of the hydraulic support, the different parameters of the simulated bottom plate, the different parameters of the hydraulic support attitude control device, and the different parameters of the attitude control device of the rear scraper conveyor are changed by the control variable method, and then the operation state of the coal placing mechanism in each working condition and the situation of the top coal being placed on the rear scraper conveyor are monitored by the visual monitoring device, so as to obtain the influence results of each structural parameter or working condition on the operation state of the coal placing mechanism.

Embodiment 3:

The working method of the coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench as described in Example 2 specifically includes the following steps:

The host computer sends instructions to the controller, and the controller controls the hydraulic column 12, the first screw motor 28, the second screw motor 23, the clutch, the first push jack 16, the second push jack 20 and the jacks of each posture adjustment device to operate, thereby changing the structural parameters of the hydraulic support to simulate different types of supports, changing the posture of the hydraulic support to simulate different working conditions of the support, changing the posture of the rear scraper conveyor to simulate different working conditions of the conveyor, and changing the posture of different upper top plates in the bottom plate simulation device to simulate the influence of different working conditions of the support chassis on the operating state of the coal placing mechanism and the top coal placing situation;

The visual monitoring device monitors the operating status of the coal placing mechanism in each working condition and the situation of the top coal being placed on the rear scraper conveyor, so as to obtain the influence of various structural parameters or working conditions on the operating status of the coal placing mechanism.

The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

A coal placing mechanism operation status monitoring test bench, characterized in that it comprises a hydraulic support, a hydraulic support posture control device, a rear scraper conveyor, a rear scraper conveyor posture control device, a bottom plate simulation device, a host computer and a controller; The hydraulic support is placed on the hydraulic support posture control device, the rear scraper conveyor is placed on the rear scraper conveyor posture control device, and the hydraulic support posture control device and the rear scraper conveyor posture control device are placed on the bottom plate simulation device; The hydraulic support, the hydraulic support posture control device, the rear scraper conveyor posture control device and the bottom plate simulation device are respectively connected to the host computer through the controller. The coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the hydraulic support attitude control device and the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device both include an upper top plate, a lower bottom plate and six jacks, the upper and lower ends of the six jacks are respectively connected to the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate, and the six jacks are connected to the host computer through a controller. The coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the floor simulation device includes four upper roofs, a lower floor and jacks, each upper roof is connected to the lower floor through four jacks, and the jacks are connected to the host computer through a controller. The coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the hydraulic support includes a top beam, a shielding beam, a tail beam, a base, a hydraulic column, a front link and a rear link, and the top beam, the shielding beam and the tail beam are connected in sequence; the base is provided with a first limiting guide rail, a second limiting guide rail, a rear link movable base, a front link fixed base, a rear column socket fixed base and a front column socket movable base; the rear link is hinged with a rear link variable support, the bottom end of the rear link variable support is connected to the rear link movable base, and the rear link movable base is arranged on the first a limit guide rail; the front connecting rod is hinged with a front connecting rod variable support, the bottom end of the front connecting rod variable support is connected to the front connecting rod fixed base, the front connecting rod fixed base and the rear connecting rod movable base are connected by a first push jack; the bottom ends of the hydraulic columns are respectively connected to the rear column socket fixed base and the front column socket movable base, the rear column socket fixed base and the front column socket movable base are connected by a second push jack, and the front column socket movable base is arranged in the second limit guide rail; the first push jack and the second push jack are connected to the host computer through a controller. The coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench according to claim 4 is characterized in that the rear The connecting rod comprises a sleeve, a lead screw, a clutch and a first lead screw motor. The first lead screw motor is connected to the lead screw through the clutch. The lead screw is threadedly connected to the sleeve. The sleeve is hinged to the shielding beam. The first lead screw motor and the clutch are connected to the host computer through a controller. The coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench as described in claim 5 is characterized in that the front connecting rod includes a sleeve, a screw, a clutch and a second screw motor, the second screw motor is connected to the screw through a clutch, the screw is threadedly connected to the sleeve, the sleeve is hinged to the shield beam, and the second screw motor and the clutch are connected to the host computer through a controller. The coal placing mechanism operation status monitoring test bench as described in claim 2 is characterized in that the rear scraper conveyor is connected to the upper top plate of the rear scraper conveyor posture control device by bolts. The coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench as described in claim 6 is characterized in that the protective beam includes a main body, on which a fixed articulated support of a rear link, a movable articulated support of a front link, a third push jack and a third limiting guide rail are arranged; the fixed articulated support of the rear link is hinged to the sleeve of the rear link, the movable articulated support of the front link is hinged to the sleeve of the front link, the movable articulated support of the front link is arranged in the third limiting guide rail, the fixed articulated support of the rear link and the movable articulated support of the front link are connected by a third push jack, and the third push jack is connected to the host computer through a controller. The coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench as described in claim 4 is characterized in that the monitoring test bench also includes a visual monitoring device, which includes a camera, an image processing module and a data transmission module. The camera is fixedly connected to the three-way pan-tilt head, the three-way pan-tilt head is connected to the tail beam, and the camera is connected to the host computer through the image processing module and the data transmission module. A working method of the coal discharge mechanism operation status monitoring test bench according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: The host computer sends instructions to the controller, and the controller controls the hydraulic column, the first screw motor, the second screw motor, the clutch, the first push jack, the second push jack and the jacks of each posture adjustment device to operate, thereby changing the structural parameters of the hydraulic support to simulate different types of supports, changing the posture of the hydraulic support to simulate different working conditions of the support, changing the posture of the rear scraper conveyor to simulate different working conditions of the conveyor, and changing the posture of different upper top plates in the bottom plate simulation device to simulate the influence of different working conditions of the support chassis on the operating state of the coal placing mechanism and the top coal placing situation; The visual monitoring device monitors the operating status of the coal placing mechanism in each working condition and the situation of the top coal being placed on the rear scraper conveyor, so as to obtain the influence of each structural parameter or working condition on the operating status of the coal placing mechanism. Impact results.