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WO2024227496A1 - Traversée résistante au feu pour câbles pour éléments plats minces - Google Patents

Traversée résistante au feu pour câbles pour éléments plats minces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024227496A1
WO2024227496A1 PCT/EP2023/025198 EP2023025198W WO2024227496A1 WO 2024227496 A1 WO2024227496 A1 WO 2024227496A1 EP 2023025198 W EP2023025198 W EP 2023025198W WO 2024227496 A1 WO2024227496 A1 WO 2024227496A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
fire protection
cables
bundle
hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2023/025198
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael Suthhof
Stephan SCHAPER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Knauf Gips KG
Original Assignee
Knauf Gips KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Knauf Gips KG filed Critical Knauf Gips KG
Priority to PCT/EP2023/025198 priority Critical patent/WO2024227496A1/fr
Publication of WO2024227496A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024227496A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/22—Installations of cables or lines through walls, floors or ceilings, e.g. into buildings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/02—Details
    • H02G3/04—Protective tubing or conduits, e.g. cable ladders or cable troughs
    • H02G3/0406—Details thereof
    • H02G3/0412—Heat or fire protective means

Definitions

  • the present application is concerned with fire protection constructions comprising flat elements with a wall thickness of less than 10 cm, where a cable is led through a hole in the flat elements to provide an electrical connection or a light transmission.
  • the present application is further concerned with methods for providing corresponding fire protection constructions, walls, ceilings and floors, which are formed from several flat elements, wherein at least one of the flat elements is designed as a fire protection construction of the invention, and as the use of such fire protection construction for the provision of an indoor electrical connection or a light transmission.
  • thin wall elements are used, which are attached to a framework.
  • the framework can be mounted on a solid wall or can be a free-standing framework, to which cladding with flat elements is provided on both sides.
  • Such walls, ceiling or floor constructions have “hollow sections” between the two wall portions, which for insulation or sound proofing purposes may be filled e.g., with glass wool or other appropriate material.
  • Further existing are ceilings, shaft walls and floors which are without hollow space in their construction.
  • the simplest way is obviously to just drill a hole into the element and introduce a cable through the element.
  • the “hollow section” is associated with the benefit that no extra cable channel has to be provided in the wall, so that the cable can easily be led to a power source.
  • the hollow section is highly dangerous as the cable (especially metal wires of a cable) acts as heat conductors and combustible cable insulation can burn through fire protection component and/or ignite due to the temperature transmission of the cable onto the side away from the fire.
  • the cable acts similar a fuse (or match cord) in the event of a fire, where the fire via the cable is capable to “jump” to the side of the construction, which is away from the fire. For this reason, cable penetrations through respective elements are now prohibited by the fire protection testing institutes. This has made it more difficult to e. g. supply electricity to a ceiling light in such construction.
  • a fire resistant inset or box for cables can be introduced, where the cable passage through the wall is surrounded by a fire suppressing material, and thus provides a greater length of fire suppressing environment, when the cable is led through the wall construction.
  • EP 0429 916 A2 discloses a modular device for tightly feeding strands of wire through a wall, wherein the modular device has two parts as a sealing body, which have semi-cylindrical recesses arranged on the side facing the other part. In the space formed by the semi-cylindrical recesses there is a cylindrical through-opening with a substantially smaller diameter than that of the semi-cylindrical recesses. The remaining space is filled by a hollow cylinder, which is divided in the longitudinal direction into two essentially equal hollow half-cylinders, which consist of several superimposed layers that can be separated from one another.
  • DE 10 2004 018 119 A1 describes a wall like massive element, which is suitable for the lead through of cables or pipes through a wall.
  • DE 102004 043 970 A1 describes a channel with an elastic inner fitting to lead cables or pipes through a wall, wherein the elastic fitting tightly surrounds the cable or pipe.
  • the cable or pipe can be introduced into the fitting by means of a guide sleeve, which has a diameter of slightly more than the diameter of the cable or pipe to be introduced into the fitting.
  • Such elements have the disadvantage of being associated with significant costs (from respective suppliers), and also often require a minimum space and distance from the scaffold parts, which limits the flexibility for the construction.
  • such elements have disadvantages in floor or ceiling constructions, where they have to be safely attached to one “thin wall” only, and in addition there may only be limited space in between the “thin wall” of the ceiling or floor and a thick construction wall above or below.
  • the abovedescribed fire protection issue is less relevant, as in this case there is a much greater distance, which the heat has to travel along in the wire to arrive at the opposite side of the construction. With the longer passage of the heat, while the cable is in contact with the surrounding wall construction, there is thus a much more effective heat dissipation, which significantly reduces the risk that the cable insulation at the other side of the construction ignites.
  • conventional drywall, ceiling and floor construction often is performed with construction elements having a thickness of less than 10 cm for cost and available space reasons, so that just increasing the thickness of the wall construction in most cases in not an option.
  • CN 207676709 II describes a fire protected cable where the electrically conductive metal wires are covered by a fireproof layer and a heat dissipation layer which is filled with a hard plastic.
  • CN 207676709 II describes a fire protected cable where the electrically conductive metal wires are covered by a fireproof layer and a heat dissipation layer which is filled with a hard plastic.
  • such constructions are less flexible in their application (as often they are comparatively expensive), and in most cases it is not feasible to use cables, which have a fire protection coating, solely for providing electrical connection through walls or ceilings, which are constructed with flat elements, while using conventional cables for other construction purposes on the same building site.
  • a further option to reduce the risk of fire traveling along the insulation coatings of cables is the use of coatings with polyvinylchloride, which has the disadvantage, however, that on thermal stress such as in the event of a fire it releases toxic hydrochloric acid.
  • fire protection can significantly be improved by increasing the distance where the cable is surrounded by a fire suppressing environment by either applying a flexible fire protection cover onto the cable over a length, which extends over the element, through which the cable is lead, and by surrounding the cable and the flexible fire protection cover in the area, where it is passed though the flat element with a fire protection compound.
  • increasing the thickness of the fire protection construction of the flat element in the vicinity to the hole, through which a cable is led also reduces the risk of fire traveling through the construction, when the cable in the hole is surrounded with a solid and heat absorbing material.
  • the present application is directed to a fire protection construction, which comprises a flat element having a wall thickness of less than 10 cm, a hole which extends from one surface side of the element to the other surface side of the element, a cable or bundle of cables which is passed through the hole, wherein the cable or bundle of cables has a flexible fire protection cover applied thereon such that it forms an overhang with respect to the outer surfaces of the flat element and wherein the free space present between the wrapping of the cable or bundle of cables and the edge of the hole is filled with a fire protection compound.
  • the “overhang” in the above means, that the flexible fire protection cover covers the cable or bundle of cables in the area, where the cable passes through the flat element, and extends into the “free space”, where the cable is not covered by the flat element.
  • a flexible fire protection cover in a fire protection construction according to the first aspect of the present invention forms an “overhang” on both sides of the flat element.
  • the term “overhang” also means that the flexible fire protection cover is not a flexible coating of the cable or bundle of cables, which is applied over the whole length thereof, but which covers the cable or bundle of cables only in the vicinity of the hole, through which is it led.
  • the flexible fire protection cover can be provided e.g., by a fire protection fabric, which is wrapped around the area of the cable or bundle of cables, where the cable or bundle of cables passes through the flat element, and a determined length prior to and after this passage, which is designated as “overhang”, is in addition covered.
  • the cover is firmly attached to the cable or bundle of cables so that it is not possible to slide the cover against the cable or bundle of cables.
  • the flexible fire protection cover allows that the cable or bundle of cables can be bent in the area, where the cover is applied.
  • the present application is directed to a fire protection construction with a flat element having a wall thickness of less than 10 cm, a hole which extends from one surface side of the element to the other surface side of the element, a cable or bundle of cables which is passed through the hole, wherein the flat element has, in the region of the lead-through of the cable or bundle of cables, a doubling on one side, which is of the same material of which the flat element is formed, and wherein the free space present between the cable or bundle of cables and the edge of the hole is filled with a filling compound.
  • This aspect is based on the finding that a greater length of the cable or bundle of cables, which is surrounded by a material having better thermal insulation properties than a gas (such as the material, from which the flat element is made or a filling compound), similarly provides for improved fire protection, and has the advantage that only a small portion of a wall construction has to be increased in thickness.
  • a material having better thermal insulation properties than a gas such as the material, from which the flat element is made or a filling compound
  • the flat element which is used in the fire protection constructions of the invention, is not subject to any relevant restrictions, and can be any element, e. g. a panel, which is conventionally used for wall, celling or floor construction and in particular is a flat element, which is suitable for use in double floors, hollow floors, linear floor systems, pre-fabricated floor screeds and facing shells, shaft wall constructions, ceiling cladding and suspended ceilings.
  • Particularly suitable flat elements for use in the practice of the invention include a gypsum fiber board, a gypsum plasterboard, a gypsum building board, a cement building board, a mineral (fiber) board, a mineral wool ceiling board, a vermiculite board, a calcium silicate board, a clay building board, a wood wool lightweight building board and a wood fiber or wood material board.
  • the flat element comprises a combustible material the element is provided with a fire protection coating or paint to provide the required fire safety.
  • Preferred, in particular in the context of fire safety are flat elements containing gypsum, e. g. gypsum fiber boards, gypsum plasterboards or gypsum building boards.
  • Gypsum has the advantage of releasing its crystal water in case of heating and thus also to contribute to fire protection.
  • the flat element in the fire protection construction preferably has a thickness in the range from 0.9 to 9.9 cm and more preferably 1 .0 to 8.0 cm.
  • the element has a thickness of 2.5 ⁇ 0.02 cm.
  • the element has a thickness of 3.2 ⁇ 0.02 cm.
  • the element has a thickness of 5.0 ⁇ 0.04 cm.
  • the cable in the above-described aspects of the invention may be any cable, preferably an electric cable and/or an optical fiber (cable), preferably a low voltage cable, a telecommunication cable, an ethernet cable or the like and preferably includes at least one copper wire and/or at least one optical fiber (cable).
  • the bundle of cables preferably comprises more than one of such cable and preferably three to six such cables.
  • “Low voltage” here means 10 to 1000V for alternating current and 10 to 1500V for direct current.
  • Particular suitable cables for use in the invention include e.g. NYM-J 300/500 V current cable or a CAT.7, S/FTPH, FRNC internet cable.
  • the cable or bundle of cables in the above two aspects can comprise a noncombustible cable insulation, e.g. a coating with polyvinylchloride or a halogen-free cable insulation.
  • a noncombustible cable insulation e.g. a coating with polyvinylchloride or a halogen-free cable insulation.
  • such insulation is applied over the whole length of the cable or bundle of cables.
  • this protection is not enough according to the regulations for fire protection.
  • the cable or bundle of cables comprises a combustible insulation, e.g. with a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • a combustible insulation e.g. with a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the fire protection properties of the construction mainly result from the environment outside of the cable, i.e. the flexible fire protection cover or the surrounding doubled flat elements, where an annular gap between the elements and the cable or bundle of cables is filled with a filling compound.
  • the “overhang” or “extension”, where the flexible fire protection cover extends over the respective exits of the cable from the flat element has a length of from 2 to 10 cm.
  • the overhang has a length of from 2.2 to 8 cm, such as in particular about 3.0 cm or 5.0 cm.
  • the cover has the advantage of not limiting the flexibility of the cable or bundle of cables to a relevant extent, so that bending with a small radius is still possible.
  • the flexible fire protection cover is a wrapping of a fire protection fabric.
  • the fire protection fabric can be any fire protection fabric which is available on the market.
  • the fire protection fabric is a fabric which is able to withstand the stresses from the temperature-time curve (made by the fire over time, standardized for fire tests, see Examples) to a sufficient degree in terms of obstructing the passage of fire and smoke.
  • Commercially available fire protection fabrics for use in the invention include e.g. flexible glass filament fabrics, which have a self-adhesive layer on the inside and a fire-reactive coating on the outside such as PYRO-SAFE® DG-CR SK from svt Products GmbH.
  • the fire protection fabric is preferably wound around the cable or bundle of cables in such a way that two layers of the fire protection fabric overlap in a range of at most half of the circumference of the cable or bundle of cables and at least a quarter of the circumference of the cable or bundle of cables. This is true at least for cables or bundle of cables with an outer diameter of at least 8 mm.
  • the fire protection fabric can be spirally wound around the cable or bundle of cables such that a layer of a lower winding overlaps with a layer of an upper winding by at most half of the circumference of the cable or bundle of cables and at least a quarter of the circumference of the cable or bundle of cables.
  • the fabric can be wound straight around the cable or bundle of cables, also, wherein the overlap is parallel to the longitudinal axe of the cable or bundle of cables.
  • the cover it is further preferred to provide the required flexibility, that the cover has a thickness which is less than the thickness of the cable or bundle of cables, to which it is applied.
  • the thickness of the cover is about 1 to 50 % of the thickness of the cable or bundle of cables and especially 3 to 30%.
  • the thickness of the cover designates the thickness of the cover on one side of the diameter, while it is appreciated that in the diameter the cover extends over the cable or bundle of cables on two sides.
  • the diameter of the cable or bundle of cables is the respective entire diameter thereof.
  • the flexible fire protection cover (e. g. provided as a fabric), as well as the fire protection compound, which may be used in the above described first aspect, can comprise a flame retarding or fire preventive and/or insulation-forming material, which is known in the art.
  • the flexible fire protection cover and the fire protection compound may comprise one or more of e. g.
  • (expandable) graphite zinc borates, antimony oxides, isobutylated triphenylphosphate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthren-10-oxide, phosphinate flame retardants, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, hydroxides such as aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, red phosphorous or nitrogen-based flame retardants.
  • halogenated flame retandants such as tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), Decabromdiphenylether (DecaBDE) or brominated polystyrene.
  • the cable or bundle of cables is preferably surrounded by a solid material to provide for sufficient thermal insulation in this area (relative to air as a gas).
  • the hole, through which the cable or bundle of cables is provided has a diameter which is larger than the diameter of the cable or bundle of cables including the flexible fire protection cover.
  • the diameter of the hole is larger by 3 to 15 mm and preferably 4 to 10 mm, as in this case the hollow area can easily be filled with solid material (which is applied e. g.
  • the free space present between the wrapping of the cable or bundle of cables and the edge of the hole has a thickness in the range of 2 to 10 mm and in particular 3 to 5 mm.
  • This thickness is the thickness of the annular gap, which is provided around the cable or bundle of cables including the flexible fire protection cover, which is filled with fire protection compound, and which preferably constitutes the final fire protection construction of the first aspect.
  • fire protection compound can be applied e.g., with a trowel. In most cases, such fire protection compound will comprise a binder (e.g.
  • a commercially available fire protection compound which can be used in this embodiment of the invention, is e.g. PYRO-SAFE® Flammotect-A from svt Products GmbH.
  • the doubling is of the same material as the flat element.
  • the doubling is a flat element of the same thickness like the first flat element or an element with smaller dimensions, where it is preferred that it extends by at least 5 cm from the edge of the hole.
  • the doubling has the same dimensions as the first flat element, as in this case it can be attached to a supporting construction via the same attachment means.
  • first and second elements of the doubling are the same, it is preferred if the element, which provides the doubling, has a thickness in the range of 0.9 to 9.9 cm and preferably 1 .0 to 8.0 cm. In addition, it is preferred that the element, which provides the doubling, has the same thickness as the first element in the fire protection construction.
  • the respective elements can have more than one hole, through which a cable or bundle of cables is provided.
  • the fire protection construction can have two, three, four or even more holes with cables of bundles of cables provided there through. If the fire protection construction has more than one cable or bundle of cables provided there through, it is preferred however, that the respective holes are positioned from each other at a distance of at least 25 mm and preferably at least 30 mm, as closer distances might detrimentally affect the stability of the respective element in the area of the holes.
  • the free space between the hole and the cable or bundle of cables including the flexible fire protection cover in the above first aspect is filled with a fire protection composition as described above.
  • the free space between the hole and the cable or bundle of cables is filled with a filling compound, which is preferably a filling compound, which is suitable for use with the material of the flat element.
  • the filling compound is a non-combustible predominantly mineral filling compound, which, e.g. on preparation with water has a paste like consistence and on drying solidifies and solidly attaches to the material of the flat element.
  • the filling compound may further comprise a flame retardant to improve the fire protection properties of the compound.
  • the present invention pertains to a method of manufacturing a fire protection construction as described in the above first aspect, wherein the method comprises the following steps: i) Drilling a hole through a flat element with a wall thickness of less than 10 cm; ii) Applying a flexible fire protection cover, preferably in the form of a wrapping of a fire protection fabric, on a cable or bundle of cables over a length, which is greater than the thickness of the flat element; iii) Passing the thus prepared cable or bundle of cables through the hole created in i) in such a way that the wrapping of the flexible fire protection cover has an overhang on both sides with respect to the flat element; iv) Filling the free space between the cable or bundle of cables including the flexible fire protection cover and the edge of the hole with a fire protection compound.
  • step iii) is not important for the method, whereas step iii) can only be performed with a flat element having a hole and a cable or bundle of cables having a flexible fire protection cover.
  • the present invention pertains to a method of manufacturing a fire protection construction as described in the above second aspect, wherein the method comprising the following steps: i) Doubling up a flat element that has a wall thickness of less than 10 cm with a flat element made of the same material; ii) Drilling a hole through the doubled flat element from i); iii) Passing a cable or bundle of cables through the hole created in ii); iv) Filling the free space between the cable or bundle of cables and the edge of the hole with a filler.
  • the doubling can be performed with any appropriate means, by which two layers of flat elements can be attached to each other.
  • the two layers can be fixed via a common or different fixing means to a scaffold structure, or the two elements can be fixed to each other by appropriate fixing means such as screws, nails and/or an adhesive, which is applied between the two flat elements and cured.
  • any appropriate drilling means such as a drilling machine, hand drilling tool, suitable jigsaw or cordless screwdriver can be used.
  • the composition to fill the free space has a paste like consistence to facilitate simple application thereof into the free space.
  • the compound is filled into the free space in such a manner, that at least 70 vol.-% of the free space, in particular at least 85 vol.-% of the free space and even more preferably at least 90 vol.-% is filled with the composition.
  • the present application pertains to a wall, ceiling or floor construction formed from several flat elements with a wall thickness of less than 10 cm, wherein at least one of the flat elements is designed as a fire protection construction as described in the above first and second aspect.
  • the wall, ceiling or floor construction is a raised floor construction, a double floor or a linear bearing floor system.
  • the wall, ceiling or floor construction is a dry wall with a scaffold and a cladding with flat elements on both faces thereof.
  • the present application pertains to a use of a fire protection construction as described above for providing an indoor electrical connection or a light transmission.
  • Example 1 fire protection construction with fire protection fabric
  • a fire protection construction was prepared by drilling a hole through a flat element (GIFAfloor gysum fiber plate, Knauf Integral, thickness of 25 rpm, 32 mm or 50 mm), wrapping the fire protection fabric PYRO-SAFE® DG-CR SK from svt Products GmbH around a single cable (NYM-J 300/500V 5x2.5 or CAT.7 S/FTPH, FRNC 4 x2), and inserting the wrapped cable into the hole.
  • the fire protection fabric was wound straight around the cable with an overlap parallel to the longitudinal axe of the cable.
  • the remaining annular gap had a width of between 3 mm and 5 mm. Subsequently, the gap was filled with a fire protection compound (PYRO-SAFE® Flammotect-A).
  • the single cable was replaced by a bundle of cables comprising two NYM-J 300/500V 5x2.5 cables and two CAT.7 S/FTPH, FRNC 4x2 cables and this bundle of cables was fed through the single hole.
  • the drilled hole is larger in the second set of experiments than in the first set of experiments due to the larger diameter of the bundle of cables compared to the diameter of the single cable.
  • test specimens were subjected to an assessment of the fire resistance according to EN 1366-3:2009.
  • the classification results and the physical parameters of the test specimens are indicated in the following tables 1 and 2:
  • Table 2 wrapped cable bundle Not mentioned in the table is the thickness of the glue which is roughly adding 1 mm of thickness in the example where two boards (32 mm + 18 mm) are presented.
  • the numbers of the classifications resemble the minimum fire resistance time in minutes according to EN 13501- 2:2016.
  • all of the inventive fire protection constructions effectively suppress the leaping of fire to the opposite side of the GIFAfloor element via the cable or bundle of cables according to EN 13501-2:2016.
  • Example 2 A fire protection construction with doubling
  • a fire protection construction was prepared by doubling a flat element (GIFAFIoor gypsum fiber plate, Knauf Integral, thickness of 25 mm, 32 mm or 50 mm), drilling a hole through the doubled set of plates and inserting a single cable (NYM-J 300/500V 5x2.5 or CAT.7 S/FTPH, FRNC 4 x2) into the hole.
  • the remaining annular gap had a width of between 3 mm and 5 mm.
  • test specimen were subjected to an assessment of the fire resistance according to EN 1366-3:2009.
  • classification results and the physical parameters of the test specimens are indicated in the following table 3:
  • Table 3 Single cable Not mentioned in the table is the thickness of the glue which is roughly adding 1 mm of thickness in the example where two boards (32 mm + 18 mm) are presented. The numbers of the classifications resemble the minimum fire resistance time in minutes according to EN 13501- 2:2016. As can be seen in table 3, all of the inventive fire protection constructions effectively suppresses the leaping of fire to the opposite side of the GIFAfloor element via the cable according to EN 13501-2:2016. Further, due to the doubling and the therefore longer way through the flat element it is not necessary to use a fire protection compound, but it is enough to use a filler compound. However, the effort to reach the result with the second aspect of the invention is due to the doubling higher than for the first aspect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

Abstract

La présente demande concerne des constructions de protection contre l'incendie comprenant des éléments plats ayant une épaisseur de paroi inférieure à 10 cm, au moins un câble étant guidé à travers un trou dans les éléments plats pour fournir une connexion électrique ou une transmission de lumière. La présente demande concerne en outre des procédés pour fournir des constructions, des murs, des plafonds et des planchers de protection contre l'incendie correspondants, qui sont formés à partir de plusieurs éléments plats, au moins l'un des éléments plats étant conçu sous la forme d'une construction de protection contre l'incendie de l'invention, ainsi que l'utilisation d'une telle construction de protection contre l'incendie pour la fourniture d'une connexion électrique intérieure ou d'une transmission de lumière.
PCT/EP2023/025198 2023-05-02 2023-05-02 Traversée résistante au feu pour câbles pour éléments plats minces Pending WO2024227496A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2023/025198 WO2024227496A1 (fr) 2023-05-02 2023-05-02 Traversée résistante au feu pour câbles pour éléments plats minces

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PCT/EP2023/025198 WO2024227496A1 (fr) 2023-05-02 2023-05-02 Traversée résistante au feu pour câbles pour éléments plats minces

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50145493U (fr) * 1974-05-20 1975-12-02
EP0429916A2 (fr) 1989-11-20 1991-06-05 Roxtec Ab Pièce de bourrage pour traversées de conducteurs
EP0617854B1 (fr) * 1991-12-17 1996-09-25 A/S Rockwool Dispositifs d'insertion de cable etanches et procede servant a tirer le cable a travers de tels dispositifs d'insertion
DE102004018119A1 (de) 2004-04-08 2005-11-03 Martin Reuter Gipskartonständerwand
DE102004043970A1 (de) 2004-09-11 2006-03-16 Hilti Ag Durchführungsvorrichtung
JP5280987B2 (ja) * 2009-11-06 2013-09-04 積水化学工業株式会社 防火区画貫通部構造
CN207676709U (zh) 2017-10-09 2018-07-31 江苏铭阳线缆有限公司 一种新型电缆
JP6533404B2 (ja) * 2015-03-27 2019-06-19 積水化学工業株式会社 防火具及び建築物の防火構造体

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50145493U (fr) * 1974-05-20 1975-12-02
EP0429916A2 (fr) 1989-11-20 1991-06-05 Roxtec Ab Pièce de bourrage pour traversées de conducteurs
EP0617854B1 (fr) * 1991-12-17 1996-09-25 A/S Rockwool Dispositifs d'insertion de cable etanches et procede servant a tirer le cable a travers de tels dispositifs d'insertion
DE102004018119A1 (de) 2004-04-08 2005-11-03 Martin Reuter Gipskartonständerwand
DE102004043970A1 (de) 2004-09-11 2006-03-16 Hilti Ag Durchführungsvorrichtung
JP5280987B2 (ja) * 2009-11-06 2013-09-04 積水化学工業株式会社 防火区画貫通部構造
JP6533404B2 (ja) * 2015-03-27 2019-06-19 積水化学工業株式会社 防火具及び建築物の防火構造体
CN207676709U (zh) 2017-10-09 2018-07-31 江苏铭阳线缆有限公司 一种新型电缆

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ANONYMOUS: "(1) Jim Carter's answer to What is the easiest way to upgrade an interior wall (half-inch regular drywall each side) to be 1 hour fire-rated wall? - Quora", 31 December 2020 (2020-12-31), pages 1 - 1, XP093098049, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-easiest-way-to-upgrade-an-interior-wall-half-inch-regular-drywall-each-side-to-be-1-hour-fire-rated-wall/answer/Jim-Carter-60> [retrieved on 20231103] *
ANONYMOUS: "Frank Robertson's answer to What is the easiest way to upgrade an interior wall (half-inch regular drywall each side) to be 1 hour fire-rated wall? - Quora", 31 December 2020 (2020-12-31), pages 1 - 1, XP093098046, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-easiest-way-to-upgrade-an-interior-wall-half-inch-regular-drywall-each-side-to-be-1-hour-fire-rated-wall/answer/Frank-Robertson-3> [retrieved on 20231103] *
ANONYMOUS: "James Weiner's answer to What is the easiest way to upgrade an interior wall (half-inch regular drywall each side) to be 1 hour fire-rated wall? - Quora", 31 December 2020 (2020-12-31), pages 1 - 1, XP093098048, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-easiest-way-to-upgrade-an-interior-wall-half-inch-regular-drywall-each-side-to-be-1-hour-fire-rated-wall/answer/James-Weiner-7> [retrieved on 20231103] *

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