WO2024224831A1 - 結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体およびそれを含む硬化性組成物 - Google Patents
結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体およびそれを含む硬化性組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
- C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
- C08G65/08—Saturated oxiranes
- C08G65/10—Saturated oxiranes characterised by the catalysts used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/336—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing silicon
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J171/00—Adhesives based on polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J171/02—Polyalkylene oxides
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer and a curable composition containing the same.
- rubber-like cured products can be obtained from polymers that have at least one reactive silicon group in the molecule. This is because the reactive silicon group is hydrolyzed by moisture, forming a crosslinked network of siloxane bonds. This reaction proceeds even at room temperature.
- Such polymer main chain structures include polyoxyalkylene, polyacrylic acid ester, polyisobutylene, etc. These polymers are already being produced industrially and are widely used in applications such as sealants, adhesives, paints, and waterproofing materials (see Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- polymers whose main chain structure is polyoxyalkylene have a wide range of applications. This is because they have a relatively low viscosity at room temperature, making them easy to handle, and the mechanical properties of the resulting cured product are good.
- One aspect of the present invention aims to provide a polyoxyalkylene polymer that can provide a cured product with excellent elastic modulus and strength, and a curable composition containing the same.
- the present inventors have conducted extensive research to solve the above problems. As a result, they have discovered that the problems can be solved by making a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a reactive silicon group into a crystalline polymer.
- the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) has a reactive silicon group represented by general formula (1): -Si(R 1 ) 3-a (X) a (1)
- R 1 each independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent; The substituent may have a heteroatom.
- Each X is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group; a is 1, 2 or 3.
- the curable composition according to one embodiment of the present invention contains a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) and a silanol condensation catalyst (B).
- a polyoxyalkylene polymer capable of producing a cured product having excellent elastic modulus and strength, and a curable composition containing the same.
- Crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A)] [1.1. Structure and properties of crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A)]
- the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) according to one embodiment of the present invention has a reactive silicon group represented by the general formula (1).
- the reactive silicon group is a functional group that forms a siloxane bond by a chemical reaction such as hydrolysis. -Si(R 1 ) 3-a (X) a (1)
- each R 1 independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. The substituent may have a heteroatom.
- Each X independently represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group. a is 1, 2, or 3.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in R 1 is preferably 1 to 12, more preferably 1 to 6, and even more preferably 1 to 4.
- the hydrocarbon group may be an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group having a substituent.
- the substituent may have a heteroatom.
- a heteroatom refers to an atom of a type other than carbon and hydrogen atoms. Suitable examples of heteroatoms include N, O, S, P, Si, and halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I, etc.).
- a substituent having a heteroatom is referred to as a heteroatom-containing substituent.
- the total number of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6, and even more preferably 1 to 4.
- heteroatom-containing substituents include hydroxyl groups; mercapto groups; halogen atoms (Cl, Br, I, F, etc.); nitro groups; cyano groups; alkoxy groups (methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, n-propyloxy groups, isopropyloxy groups, etc.); alkylthio groups (methylthio groups, ethylthio groups, n-propylthio groups, isopropylthio groups, etc.); acyl groups (acetyl groups, propionyl groups, butanoyl groups, etc.); acyloxy groups (acetyloxy groups, propionyloxy groups, butanoyloxy groups, etc.); substituted or unsubstituted amino groups (amino groups, methylamino groups, ethylamino groups, dimethylamino groups, diethylamino groups, etc.); substituted or unsubstituted aminocarbonyl groups (amino groups
- R 1 has a heteroatom-containing substituent
- the total number of carbon atoms and heteroatoms in R 1 as a whole is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 18, even more preferably 2 to 10, and particularly preferably 2 to 6.
- R 1 examples include alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-n-hexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, and n-icosyl groups); alkenyl groups (vinyl, cycloalkyl groups (cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohex
- R 1 Groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms contained in these hydrocarbon groups have been substituted with the above-mentioned heteroatom-containing substituents are also preferred as R 1 .
- R 1 examples include alkyl groups (such as methyl and ethyl groups); alkyl groups having heteroatom-containing substituents (such as chloromethyl and methoxymethyl groups); cycloalkyl groups (such as cyclohexyl groups); aryl groups (such as phenyl groups); and aralkyl groups (such as benzyl groups).
- R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl groups, methoxymethyl groups, and chloromethyl groups. More preferably, R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl groups and methoxymethyl groups. Even more preferably, R 1 is a methyl group.
- a is 1, 2 or 3.
- a is 2 or 3. It is more preferable that a is 3, since this improves the curability of the curable composition and the strength of the cured product.
- X is a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.
- hydrolyzable groups include halogen atoms, alkoxy groups, acyloxy groups, ketoximate groups, amino groups, amide groups, acid amide groups, aminooxy groups, mercapto groups, and alkenyloxy groups.
- alkoxy groups are preferred because they are mildly hydrolyzable and easy to handle.
- the alkoxy groups are preferably independently selected from methoxy groups and ethoxy groups, and more preferably methoxy groups.
- reactive silicon groups represented by formula (1) include trimethoxysilyl, triethoxysilyl, tris(2-propenyloxy)silyl, triacetoxysilyl, dimethoxymethylsilyl, diethoxymethylsilyl, dimethoxyethylsilyl, (chloromethyl)dimethoxysilyl, (chloromethyl)diethoxysilyl, (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl, (methoxymethyl)diethoxysilyl, (N,N-diethylaminomethyl)dimethoxysilyl, and (N,N-diethylaminomethyl)diethoxysilyl.
- dimethoxymethylsilyl, trimethoxysilyl, triethoxysilyl, and (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl are preferred.
- trimethoxysilyl, (chloromethyl)dimethoxysilyl, and (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl are preferred, with trimethoxysilyl being more preferred.
- the main chain of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) has a repeating unit represented by -R 3 -O-, where R 3 is a divalent branched alkylene group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms.
- R 3 is a divalent branched alkylene group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) is a polyoxypropylene polymer.
- the proportion of repeating units represented by -R 3 -O- is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more.
- the main chain of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) may have two or more kinds of repeating units represented by -R 3 -O-.
- the proportion of repeating units represented by -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O- may be 50% or more, 70% or more, or 90% or more.
- the crystallinity of a polyoxyalkylene polymer is determined by the isotacticity of the main chain. Specifically, a polyoxyalkylene polymer with a high content of mm-triads can be said to be crystalline (in this specification, the "m” in "mm-triad” stands for “meso”).
- the mm-triad content can be calculated by the method described in J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol. 127, pp. 11566-11567 (2005).
- the mm-triad content of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 25% or more, even more preferably 50% or more, and particularly preferably 75% or more, from the viewpoint of the elastic modulus and strength of the cured product.
- the isotactic structures of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) may be distributed in any part of the main chain.
- the isotactic structures and atactic structures may be randomly distributed in the main chain.
- the isotactic structures and atactic structures may form blocks (isotactic structure-atactic structure-isotactic structure, atactic structure-isotactic structure-atactic structure, etc.). By forming blocks in this way, the resulting cured product may exhibit better mechanical properties.
- the main chain of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) may be linear or branched.
- the number average molecular weight of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 2,000 or more, and even more preferably 3,000 or more.
- the upper limit of the number average molecular weight is preferably 500,000 or less, more preferably 400,000 or less, and even more preferably 300,000 or less.
- the number average molecular weight of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) is determined as a polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight in GPC. If the number average molecular weight is within the above range, the polymer can be easily produced and the production cost is not excessively increased. Furthermore, if the number average molecular weight is within the above range, a cured product with high elastic modulus and strength can be obtained.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) is not particularly limited, but generally, it is believed that the smaller the value, the better.
- the molecular weight distribution is preferably 3.5 or less, more preferably 3.0 or less, even more preferably 2.5 or less, and particularly preferably 2.0 or less.
- the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more different types.
- a reactive silicon group By utilizing the terminal hydroxyl group of the polyoxyalkylene polymer, a reactive silicon group can be introduced.
- the reactive silicon group can be introduced by the following first process. 1.
- a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a terminal hydroxyl group is allowed to react with an alkali metal salt or a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst to obtain a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a terminal metaloxy group.
- An electrophilic agent having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is allowed to act on a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a metaloxy group at its terminal, thereby obtaining a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond at its terminal portion.
- a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a terminal carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is reacted with a reactive silicon group-containing compound that reacts with the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond to obtain a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a terminal reactive silicon group.
- the alkali metal salt in step 1 is not particularly limited.
- alkali metal salts include sodium hydroxide, sodium alkoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium alkoxide, lithium hydroxide, lithium alkoxide, cesium hydroxide, and cesium alkoxide.
- sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, and potassium tert-butoxide are preferred from the viewpoints of ease of handling and solubility, and sodium methoxide and sodium tert-butoxide are more preferred.
- sodium methoxide is preferred from the viewpoint of availability.
- An alkali metal salt dissolved in a solvent may be used in the reaction.
- the electrophile having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in step 2 is not particularly limited.
- Examples of electrophiles having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond include organic halides having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and epoxy compounds having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- An organic halide having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and a metaloxy group form an ether bond through a halogen substitution reaction. This introduces a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond into the terminal portion of the polyoxyalkylene polymer.
- organic halides having carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds include vinyl chloride, allyl chloride, methallyl chloride, vinyl bromide, allyl bromide, methallyl bromide, vinyl iodide, allyl iodide, and methallyl iodide.
- allyl chloride and methallyl chloride are preferred because they are easy to handle.
- methallyl chloride, methallyl bromide, and methallyl iodide are preferred because they improve the average number of reactive silicon groups introduced relative to the number of ends of the main chain of the polyoxyalkylene polymer.
- the organic halide having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond may be a halogenated hydrocarbon compound having a carbon-carbon triple bond.
- a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a carbon-carbon triple bond at the terminal portion is obtained.
- a reactive silicon group is introduced into a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a carbon-carbon triple bond at the terminal portion, a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a carbon-carbon double bond adjacent to the reactive silicon group is obtained.
- halogenated hydrocarbon compounds having a carbon-carbon triple bond examples include propargyl chloride, 1-chloro-2-butyne, 4-chloro-1-butyne, 1-chloro-2-octyne, 1-chloro-2-pentyne, 1,4-dichloro-2-butyne, 5-chloro-1-pentyne, 6-chloro-1-hexyne, propargyl bromide, 1-bromo-2-butyne, 4-bromo-1-butyne, 1-butyne, Bromo-2-octyne, 1-bromo-2-pentyne, 1,4-dibromo-2-butyne, 5-bromo-1-pentyne, 6-bromo-1-hexyne, propargyl iodide, 1-iodo-2-butyne, 4-iodo-1-butyne, 1-iodo-2-octyn
- a halogenated hydrocarbon compound having a carbon-carbon triple bond and a halogenated hydrocarbon compound having a carbon-carbon double bond may be used in combination.
- An epoxy compound having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and a metaloxy group form an ether bond through a ring-opening addition reaction of the epoxy group. This results in a polyoxyalkylene polymer having both a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond and a metaloxy group at the end portion.
- the ring-opening addition reaction by adjusting the amount of epoxy compound used relative to the metaloxy group or the reaction conditions, it is possible to add an epoxy compound having one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds to one metaloxy group.
- the epoxy compound having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of reactivity, allyl glycidyl ether, methallyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and butadiene monoxide are preferred, and allyl glycidyl ether is more preferred.
- step 3 it is preferable to carry out a hydrosilylation reaction between a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond at the terminal portion and a hydrosilane compound having a reactive silicon group.
- the advantages of using a hydrosilylation reaction include that it can be carried out easily, the amount of reactive silicon group introduced can be easily adjusted, and the physical properties of the resulting polymer are stable.
- hydrosilane compounds having reactive silicon groups include halosilanes, alkoxysilanes, acyloxysilanes, ketoximate silanes, and isopropenyloxysilane (deacetone type).
- halosilanes include trichlorosilane, dichloromethylsilane, chlorodimethylsilane, dichlorophenylsilane, (chloromethyl)dichlorosilane, (dichloromethyl)dichlorosilane, bis(chloromethyl)chlorosilane, (methoxymethyl)dichlorosilane, (dimethoxymethyl)dichlorosilane, and bis(methoxymethyl)chlorosilane.
- alkoxysilanes include trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, dimethoxymethylsilane, diethoxymethylsilane, dimethoxyphenylsilane, ethyldimethoxysilane, methoxydimethylsilane, ethoxydimethylsilane, (chloromethyl)methylmethoxysilane, (chloromethyl)dimethoxysilane, (chloromethyl)diethoxysilane, bis(chloromethyl)methoxysilane, (methoxymethyl)methylmethoxysilane, (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilane, bis(methoxymethyl)methoxysilane, (methoxymethyl)diethoxysilane, (ethoxymethyl)diethoxysilane,
- the acyloxysilane include diacetoxymethylsilane and diacetoxyphenylsilane.
- Examples of the ketoximate silane include bis(dimethylketoximate)methylsilane and bis(cyclohexylketoximate)methylsilane.
- Examples of the acyloxysilane include diacetoxymethylsilane and diacetoxyphenylsilane.
- Examples of the ketoximate silane include bis(dimethylketoximate)methylsilane and bis(cyclohexylketoximate)methylsilane.
- Examples of isopropenyloxysilanes (deacetone type) include triisopropenyloxysilane, (chloromethyl)diisopropenyloxysilane, and (methoxymethyl)diisopropenyloxysilane.
- the hydrosilylation reaction in step 3 is preferably carried out in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst.
- a hydrosilylation catalyst include metals such as cobalt, nickel, iridium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium, and complexes thereof.
- More specific examples include platinum supported on a carrier such as alumina, silica, or carbon black; chloroplatinic acid; chloroplatinic acid complexes consisting of chloroplatinic acid and an alcohol, aldehyde, or ketone; platinum-olefin complexes (Pt(CH 2 ⁇ CH 2 ) 2 (PPh 3 ), Pt(CH 2 ⁇ CH 2 ) 2 Cl 2, etc.); platinum-vinyl siloxane complexes (Pt ⁇ (vinyl)Me 2 SiOSiMe 2 (vinyl) ⁇ , Pt ⁇ Me(vinyl)SiO ⁇ 4 , etc.); platinum-phosphine complexes (Ph(PPh 3 ) 4 , Pt(PBu 3 ) 4 , etc.); and platinum-phosphite complexes (Pt ⁇ P(OPh) 3 ⁇ 4 , etc.). From the viewpoint of reaction efficiency, platinum catalysts are preferred, and chloroplatinic acid and platinum-vin
- the second process for introducing reactive silicon groups into the terminal hydroxyl groups of a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer is as follows. 1. A compound having both a reactive silicon group and an isocyanate group is allowed to act on a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a hydroxyl group at its terminal, thereby introducing a reactive silicon group via a urethane bond.
- the compound having both a reactive silicon group and an isocyanate group is not particularly limited. Specific examples of such compounds include (3-isocyanatepropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-isocyanatepropyl)dimethoxymethylsilane, (3-isocyanatepropyl)triethoxysilane, (3-isocyanatepropyl)diethoxymethylsilane, (isocyanatemethyl)trimethoxysilane, (isocyanatemethyl)triethoxysilane, (isocyanatemethyl)dimethoxymethylsilane, and (isocyanatemethyl)diethoxymethylsilane.
- the urethanization reaction in step 1 may be carried out in the presence of a urethanization catalyst.
- the urethanization catalyst may be any of the conventionally known urethanization catalysts (such as those listed in Polyurethanes: Chemistry and Technology, Part I, Table 30, Chapter 4, Saunders and Frisch, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1963). Specific examples include organotin compounds, bismuth compounds, and base catalysts (such as organic amines).
- the third process for introducing reactive silicon groups into the terminal hydroxyl groups of a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer is as follows. 1. An excess amount of a polyisocyanate compound is reacted with a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a hydroxyl group at the end, thereby obtaining a polymer having an isocyanate group at the end. 2. A compound having both a group that reacts with an isocyanate group (such as an amino group) and a reactive silicon group is reacted with the polymer having an isocyanate group at the end.
- polyisocyanate compounds in step 1 include aliphatic polyisocyanates (aromatic polyisocyanates such as toluene (tolylene) diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and xylylene diisocyanate; isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, etc.).
- aromatic polyisocyanates such as toluene (tolylene) diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and xylylene diisocyanate
- isophorone diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate, etc.
- Examples of compounds having both a group that reacts with an isocyanate group and a reactive silicon group in step 2 include amino group-containing silanes, hydroxy group-containing silanes, and mercapto group-containing silanes.
- Examples of amino group-containing silanes include ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-( ⁇ -aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-( ⁇ -aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, N-( ⁇ -aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -(N-phenyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -(N-phenyl)aminopropyldime
- Examples of hydroxyl group-containing silanes include ⁇ -hydroxypropyltrimethoxysilane and ⁇ -hydroxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane.
- Examples of mercapto group-containing silanes include ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and ⁇ -mercaptopropyldimethoxymethylsilane.
- the fourth process for introducing reactive silicon groups into the terminal hydroxyl groups of a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer is as follows. 1. A polyoxyalkylene polymer having a terminal hydroxyl group is allowed to react with an alkali metal salt or a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst to obtain a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a terminal metaloxy group. 2. An electrophilic agent having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is allowed to act on a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a metaloxy group at its terminal, thereby obtaining a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond at its terminal portion. 3.
- a compound having both a mercaptan group and a reactive silicon group is allowed to act on a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond at the terminal portion, thereby introducing the reactive silicon group via a sulfide bond.
- Steps 1 and 2 are as explained in (Method 1 for introducing reactive silicon groups).
- Examples of compounds having both a mercaptan group and a reactive silicon group in step 3 include (3-mercaptopropyl)methyldimethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane, (mercaptomethyl)methyldimethoxysilane, (mercaptomethyl)trimethoxysilane, (mercaptomethyl)methyldiethoxysilane, and (mercaptomethyl)triethoxysilane.
- step 3 the addition reaction of the mercaptan group to the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond may be carried out in the presence of a radical initiator.
- radical initiators can be used.
- Specific examples of radical initiators include azo initiators and peroxide initiators.
- catalysts with low activity against reactive silicon groups are preferred, and from this perspective, azo initiators are preferred.
- examples of azo initiators include 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) (V-59), and 2,2'-azobis(1-methylcyclohexanecarbonitrile) (V-40).
- the curable composition includes a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) and a silanol condensation catalyst (B).
- the composition may further comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of an oxyalkylene polymer (C), a silane coupling agent (D), and a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer having a reactive silicon group (E).
- the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) is as explained in Section [1]. In this section, the other components will be described in detail.
- silanol condensation catalyst (B) examples include organotin compounds, metal carboxylates, amine compounds, carboxylic acids, alkoxy metals, and titanium compounds.
- organotin compounds include dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin bis(butyl maleate), dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin bis(acetylacetonate), dioctyltin bis(acetylacetonate), dioctyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin distearate, dioctyltin diacetate, dioctyltin oxide, reaction products of dibutyltin oxide with silicate compounds, reaction products of dioctyltin oxide with silicate compounds, and reaction products of dibutyltin oxide with phthalic acid esters.
- metal carboxylates examples include tin carboxylate, bismuth carboxylate, titanium carboxylate, zirconium carboxylate, iron carboxylate, potassium carboxylate, and calcium carboxylate.
- carboxylic acids contained in metal carboxylates include 2-ethylhexanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, oleic acid, and naphthenic acid.
- metals contained in metal carboxylates include tin, bismuth, iron, titanium, vanadium, calcium, potassium, barium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, and zirconium.
- metal carboxylates include iron 2-ethylhexanoate (divalent), iron 2-ethylhexanoate (trivalent), titanium 2-ethylhexanoate (tetravalent), vanadium 2-ethylhexanoate (trivalent), calcium 2-ethylhexanoate (divalent), potassium 2-ethylhexanoate (monovalent), barium 2-ethylhexanoate (divalent), manganese 2-ethylhexanoate (divalent), nickel 2-ethylhexanoate (divalent), cobalt 2-ethylhexanoate (divalent), zirconium 2-ethylhexanoate (tetravalent), iron neodecanoate (divalent), iron neodecanoate (trivalent), titanium neodecanoate (tetravalent), vanadium neodecanoate (trivalent), calcium n
- zirconium oleate tetravalent
- iron oleate divalent
- iron oleate trivalent
- titanium oleate titanium oleate
- vanadium oleate trivalent
- calcium oleate divalent
- potassium oleate monovalent
- barium oleate manganese oleate
- nickel oleate nickel oleate
- cobalt oleate zirconium oleate (tetravalent)
- iron naphthenate divalent
- iron naphthenate trivalent
- titanium naphthenate titanium naphthenate
- vanadium naphthenate trivalent
- calcium naphthenate divalent
- potassium naphthenate monoovalent
- barium naphthenate manganese naphthenate
- nickel naphthenate nickel naphthenate
- iron naphthenate
- amine compounds include amines (octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, etc.); nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (pyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undecene-7 (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]nonene-5 (DBN), etc.); guanidines (guanidine, phenylguanidine, diphenylguanidine, etc.); biguanides (butylbiguanide, 1-o-tolylbiguanide, 1-phenylbiguanide, etc.); amino group-containing silane coupling agents; and ketimine compounds.
- amines octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, etc.
- nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds pyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undecene-7 (D
- carboxylic acids examples include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, neodecanoic acid, and versatic acid.
- alkoxy metals examples include aluminum compounds (such as aluminum tris(acetylacetonate) and diisopropoxyaluminum ethylacetoacetate) and zirconium compounds (such as zirconium tetrakis(acetylacetonate)).
- titanium compounds include tetrabutyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate, titanium tetrakis(acetylacetonate), bis(acetylacetonate)diisopropoxytitanium, and diisopropoxytitanium bis(ethylacetoacetate).
- silanol condensation catalysts (B) include fluorine anion-containing compounds, photoacid generators, photobase generators, and thermal base generators.
- the silanol condensation catalyst (B) may be used alone or in combination of two or more different types.
- the lower limit of the content of the silanol condensation catalyst (B) in the curable composition is preferably 0.001 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the polymers having hydrolyzable silyl groups.
- the upper limit of the content of the silanol condensation catalyst (B) in the curable composition is preferably 20 parts by weight or less, more preferably 15 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 10 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the polymers having hydrolyzable silyl groups.
- the total content of the polymers having hydrolyzable silyl groups is the total content of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) and the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) and (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) that are optionally included.
- the content of the polymer is also included in the total content of the polymers having hydrolyzable silyl groups.
- Amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) The mm-triad content of the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) is preferably less than 5%.
- the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) has a reactive silicon group represented by the general formula (2). -Si(R 2 ) 3-b (Y) b (2)
- R2 's each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. The substituent may have a heteroatom.
- Y's each independently represent a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.
- b is 1, 2, or 3.
- R2 is the same as that of R1 in Section [1].
- Y is the same as that of X in Section [1].
- Y is preferably an alkoxy group, more preferably a methoxy group.
- b is 1, 2 or 3.
- b is 2 or 3. Since the curable composition has good curability and the cured product has good strength, b is more preferably 3.
- Examples of reactive silicon groups represented by formula (2) include those exemplified for the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A). Specific examples include trimethoxysilyl, triethoxysilyl, tris(2-propenyloxy)silyl, triacetoxysilyl, dimethoxymethylsilyl, diethoxymethylsilyl, dimethoxyethylsilyl, (chloromethyl)dimethoxysilyl, (chloromethyl)diethoxysilyl, (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl, (methoxymethyl)diethoxysilyl, (N,N-diethylaminomethyl)dimethoxysilyl, and (N,N-diethylaminomethyl)diethoxysilyl.
- the dimethoxymethylsilyl, trimethoxysilyl, triethoxysilyl, and (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl groups are preferred.
- a trimethoxysilyl group, a (chloromethyl)dimethoxysilyl group, or a (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl group is preferred, with a trimethoxysilyl group being more preferred.
- the main chain of the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) has a repeating unit represented by -R 4 -O-.
- R 4 is a divalent functional group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably a divalent functional group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 4 is preferably an alkylene group.
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched.
- Specific examples of the repeating unit represented by -R 4 -O- include -CH 2 O-, -CH 2 CH 2 O-, -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O-, -CH 2 C(CH 3 )(CH 3 )O-, and -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-.
- the polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) is a polyoxypropylene polymer.
- the proportion of repeating units represented by -R 3 -O- is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more.
- the main chain of the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) may have two or more kinds of repeating units represented by -R 3 -O-.
- the proportion of repeating units represented by -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O- may be 50% or more, 70% or more, or 90% or more.
- the main chain of the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) may be linear or branched.
- the number average molecular weight of the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of the number average molecular weight is preferably 5,000 or more, more preferably 10,000 or more, even more preferably 12,000 or more, and particularly preferably 13,000 or more.
- the upper limit of the number average molecular weight is preferably 100,000 or less, more preferably 40,000 or less, even more preferably 25,000 or less, and particularly preferably 20,000 or less.
- the number average molecular weight of the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) is determined as a polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight in GPC.
- the polymer When the number average molecular weight is within the above-mentioned range, the polymer can be easily produced and the production cost is not excessively increased. Furthermore, when the number average molecular weight is within the above-mentioned range, a cured product with high strength can be obtained.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) is not particularly limited, but is preferably narrow.
- the molecular weight distribution is preferably 1.6 or less, more preferably 1.4 or less, even more preferably 1.3 or less, and particularly preferably 1.2 or less.
- the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) are determined as polystyrene-equivalent molecular weights in GPC.
- the main chain of the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) can be formed by a conventional method. For example, it can be formed by polymerizing an epoxy compound with an initiator having a hydroxyl group. This results in a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a hydroxyl group at its terminal. Since the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the resulting polymer is narrow, a polymerization method using a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst (such as zinc hexacyanocobaltate glyme complex) is preferred.
- a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst such as zinc hexacyanocobaltate glyme complex
- the initiator having a hydroxyl group is not particularly limited.
- examples of initiators having a hydroxyl group include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, pentaerythritol, low molecular weight polyoxypropylene glycol, low molecular weight polyoxypropylene triol, butanol, allyl alcohol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, low molecular weight polyoxypropylene monoallyl ether, and low molecular weight polyoxypropylene monoalkyl ether.
- an initiator having three or more hydroxyl groups may be used. Examples of such initiators include glycerin, pentaerythritol, and low molecular weight polyoxypropylene triol.
- the epoxy compound is not particularly limited.
- examples of epoxy compounds include alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc.) and glycidyl ethers (methyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, etc.).
- the epoxy compound is propylene oxide.
- the method for introducing reactive silicon groups into the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) can be the same as that described in Section [1] in relation to the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A).
- a preferred method is to subject a polyoxyalkylene polymer having a terminal carbon-carbon unsaturated bond to a hydrosilylation reaction with a hydrosilane compound having a reactive silicon group.
- the advantages of this method include that it can be carried out easily, the amount of reactive silicon groups introduced can be easily adjusted, and the physical properties of the resulting polymer are stable.
- a commercially available product may be used as the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C).
- Specific examples of such products include SAT350, SAT400, S203H, S303H, EST280, SAX530, SAX580, SAX590, S810, S257, S258, S227, S327, MA452, and MA480 (all manufactured by Kaneka Corporation).
- a single type of amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- the lower limit of the weight ratio ((A)/(C)) of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) to the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) in the curable composition is preferably 1/99 or more, more preferably 10/90 or more, and even more preferably 20/80 or more.
- the upper limit of (A)/(C) is preferably 99/1 or less, more preferably 90/10 or less, and even more preferably 80/20 or less.
- silane coupling agent (D) Specific examples of the silane coupling agent (D) include amino group-containing silanes, isocyanate group-containing silanes, mercapto group-containing silanes, and epoxy group-containing silanes.
- amino group-containing silanes examples include ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N- ⁇ -aminoethyl- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- ⁇ -aminoethyl- ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-phenyl- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and (2-aminoethyl)aminomethyltrimethoxysilane.
- Examples of isocyanate group-containing silanes include ⁇ -isocyanatepropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -isocyanatepropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -isocyanatemethyltrimethoxysilane, and ⁇ -isocyanatemethyldimethoxymethylsilane.
- Examples of mercapto group-containing silanes include ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, and ⁇ -mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane.
- Examples of epoxy group-containing silanes include ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and ⁇ -(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane.
- silane coupling agent (D) a condensate or reaction product of the silane coupling agent (D) may be used.
- condensates of the silane coupling agent (D) include condensates of aminosilanes and condensates of aminosilanes and other alkoxysilanes.
- reaction products of the silane coupling agent include reaction products of aminosilanes and epoxysilanes and reaction products of aminosilanes and (meth)acrylic group-containing silanes.
- Specific examples of such silane coupling agents (D) include Dynasylan 1146 and Dynasylan 1124 (EVONIK).
- the silane coupling agent (D) may be used alone or in combination of two or more different types.
- the lower limit of the content of the silane coupling agent (D) in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.5 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the polymers having a hydrolyzable silyl group.
- the upper limit of the content of the silane coupling agent (D) in the curable composition is preferably 20 parts by weight or less, more preferably 10 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the polymers having a hydrolyzable silyl group.
- the total content of the polymers having a hydrolyzable silyl group is the total content of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) and the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) and (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) that are optionally included.
- the content of the polymer is also included in the total content of the polymers having a hydrolyzable silyl group.
- the curable composition may further contain a (meth)acrylic acid ester-based polymer (E) having a reactive silicon group.
- (meth)acrylic means acrylic and/or methacrylic.
- the (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer constituting the main chain of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) is not particularly limited. Specific examples of the monomer include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, n-pentyl (meth)acrylate, n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, n-heptyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, Nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl
- the main chain of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) may have a repeating unit derived from a (meth)acrylic monomer other than a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer.
- (meth)acrylic monomers include acrylic acid monomers (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc.); monomers having an amide group (N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, etc.), monomers having an epoxy group (glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, etc.), and monomers having a nitrogen-containing group (diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, etc.).
- the main chain of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) may have a repeating unit derived from a vinyl monomer.
- the vinyl monomer is not particularly limited. Examples of the vinyl monomer include styrene monomers (styrene, vinyltoluene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, styrenesulfonic acid and its salts, etc.); vinyl monomers containing fluorine (perfluoroethylene, perfluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, etc.); vinyl monomers containing silicon (vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, etc.); maleic acid monomers (maleic anhydride, maleic acid, monoalkyl esters of maleic acid, dialkyl esters of maleic acid, etc.); fumaric acid monomers (fumaric acid, monoalkyl esters of fumaric acid, dialkyl esters of fumaric acid, etc.); maleimi
- vinyl monomer examples include ethylmaleimide, propylmaleimide, butylmaleimide, hexylmaleimide, octylmaleimide, dodecylmaleimide, stearylmaleimide, phenylmaleimide, cyclohexylmaleimide, etc.); vinyl monomers having a nitrile group (acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, etc.); vinyl monomers having an amide group (acrylamide, methacrylamide, etc.); vinyl ester monomers (vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl cinnamate, etc.); alkenyl monomers (ethylene, propylene, etc.); conjugated diene monomers (butadiene, isoprene, etc.); vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, allyl chloride, and allyl alcohol. These vinyl monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more different types.
- the repeating units constituting the main chain of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) are preferably one or more types selected from the group consisting of styrene-based monomers and (meth)acrylic acid-based monomers, more preferably one or more types selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid ester monomers and methacrylic acid ester monomers, and even more preferably one or more types selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid ester monomers.
- the proportion of repeating units derived from (meth)acrylic acid ester monomers among all repeating units constituting the main chain of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more.
- the lower limit of the number of reactive silicon groups contained in the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) is preferably 1.0 or more on average per molecule, and from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the cured product, 1.27 or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit of the number of reactive silicon groups is preferably 5.0 or less, and from the viewpoint of the stability of the polymer, 3.0 or less is more preferable.
- the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) has a reactive silicon group represented by the general formula (3). -SiR 5 3-c Z c (3)
- each R5 independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the substituent may have a heteroatom.
- Each Z independently represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group. c is 1, 2, or 3. It is expressed as:
- R5 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in R5 is preferably 1 to 12, more preferably 1 to 6, and still more preferably 1 to 4.
- the hydrocarbon group may be an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group having a substituent.
- R5 include alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-n-hexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, and n-icosyl groups); alkenyl groups (vinyl, cycloalkyl groups (cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexy
- R5 examples include alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, etc.); alkyl groups having a heteroatom-containing substituent (chloromethyl, methoxymethyl, etc.); cycloalkyl groups (cyclohexyl, etc.); aryl groups (phenyl, etc.); and aralkyl groups (benzyl, etc.).
- R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of a methyl group, a methoxymethyl group, and a chloromethyl group. More preferably, R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of a methyl group and a methoxymethyl group. Even more preferably, R5 is a methyl group.
- Z is a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.
- hydrolyzable groups include halogen atoms, alkoxy groups, acyloxy groups, ketoximate groups, amino groups, amide groups, acid amide groups, aminooxy groups, mercapto groups, and alkenyloxy groups.
- alkoxy groups are preferred because they are mildly hydrolyzable and easy to handle.
- the alkoxy groups are preferably independently selected from methoxy groups and ethoxy groups, and more preferably methoxy groups.
- c is 1, 2 or 3.
- c is 2 or 3.
- reactive silicon groups represented by formula (3) include trimethoxysilyl, triethoxysilyl, tris(2-propenyloxy)silyl, triacetoxysilyl, dimethoxymethylsilyl, diethoxymethylsilyl, dimethoxyethylsilyl, (chloromethyl)dimethoxysilyl, (chloromethyl)diethoxysilyl, (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl, (methoxymethyl)diethoxysilyl, (N,N-diethylaminomethyl)dimethoxysilyl, and (N,N-diethylaminomethyl)diethoxysilyl.
- the dimethoxymethylsilyl, trimethoxysilyl, triethoxysilyl, and (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl groups are preferred.
- the trimethoxysilyl and (methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl groups are preferred, and the trimethoxysilyl group is more preferred.
- the number average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of the number average molecular weight is preferably 500 or more, and more preferably 1,000 or more.
- the upper limit of the number average molecular weight is preferably 100,000 or less, more preferably 50,000 or less, and even more preferably 30,000 or less.
- the number average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) is determined as a polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight in GPC.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) is not particularly limited, but is preferably narrow.
- the molecular weight distribution is preferably 2.5 or less, more preferably 2.0 or less, even more preferably 1.5 or less, and particularly preferably 1.2 or less.
- the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) are determined as polystyrene-equivalent molecular weights in GPC.
- the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) may be used alone or in combination of two or more different types.
- Method 1 A method of copolymerizing a compound having both a polymerizable unsaturated group and a reactive silicon group with the above-mentioned monomer.
- the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) obtained by this method has reactive silicon groups randomly introduced into the main chain.
- Method 2 A method of polymerizing a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer using a mercaptosilane compound having a reactive silicon group as a chain transfer agent.
- the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) obtained by this method has a reactive silicon group introduced at the end of the main chain.
- Method 3 A compound having both a polymerizable unsaturated group and a reactive functional group is copolymerized with the above-mentioned monomer. Then, a compound having both a functional group that reacts with the reactive functional group and a reactive silicon group is reacted.
- a specific example of this method is a method in which the above-mentioned monomer is copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and then the hydroxyl group contained in the main chain is reacted with an isocyanate silane having a reactive silicon group.
- Another specific example is a method in which the above-mentioned monomer is copolymerized with glycidyl acrylate, and then the epoxy group contained in the main chain is reacted with an aminosilane compound having a reactive silicon group.
- Method 4 A method of modifying the terminal functional groups of a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer synthesized by living radical polymerization to introduce reactive silicon groups.
- a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer obtained by living radical polymerization is easy to introduce functional groups to the polymer terminals.
- reactive silicon groups can be introduced to the terminals of the main chain. This method produces a polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution.
- the molecular weight distribution is preferably 1.6 or less, more preferably 1.4 or less, and even more preferably 1.2 or less.
- the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) are determined as polystyrene-equivalent molecular weights in GPC.
- examples of compounds having both a polymerizable unsaturated group and a reactive silicon group include 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl (meth)acrylate, 3-(dimethoxymethylsilyl)propyl (meth)acrylate, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl (meth)acrylate, (trimethoxysilyl)methyl (meth)acrylate, (dimethoxymethylsilyl)methyl (meth)acrylate, (triethoxysilyl)methyl (meth)acrylate, (diethoxymethylsilyl)methyl (meth)acrylate, and 3-((methoxymethyl)dimethoxysilyl)propyl (meth)acrylate. From the viewpoint of availability, trimethoxysilylpropyl (meth)acrylate and (dimethoxymethylsilyl)propyl (meth)acrylate are preferred among the above.
- examples of mercaptosilane compounds having a reactive silicon group include 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, mercaptomethyltrimethoxysilane, (mercaptomethyl)dimethoxymethylsilane, and mercaptomethyltriethoxysilane.
- examples of compounds having both a polymerizable unsaturated group and a reactive functional group include isocyanate silane compounds (3-isocyanate propyl trimethoxy silane, 3-isocyanate propyl dimethoxy methyl silane, 3-isocyanate propyl triethoxy silane, isocyanate methyl trimethoxy silane, isocyanate methyl triethoxy silane, isocyanate methyl dimethoxy methyl silane, isocyanate methyl diethoxy methyl silane, etc.); epoxy silane compounds (3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane, 3-glycidoxypropyl triethoxy silane, 3-glycidoxypropyl dimethoxy methyl silane, glycidoxy methyl trimethoxysilane, glycidoxymethyltriethoxysilane, glycidoxymethyldimethoxymethylsilane, glycidoxymethyldiethoxymethylsilane, etc.); aminosilane
- Modification reactions that can be used in Method 4 include the following.
- a (meth)acrylic acid ester-based polymer having a terminal reactive group is obtained by polymerization, and then reacted with a compound having both a reactive silicon group and a functional group capable of reacting with the terminal reactive group.
- a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer having a terminal reactive group is obtained by polymerization.
- a compound having both a functional group and a double bond that can react with the terminal reactive group is reacted. This introduces a double bond to the polymer terminal.
- a reactive silicon group is introduced by a hydrosilylation reaction or the like.
- Methods 1 to 4 may be combined in any manner. For example, combining methods 2 and 3 will produce a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E) that has reactive silicon groups both in the main chain and at the ends.
- E (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer
- the curable composition may contain components other than those described above. Examples of such components include fillers, adhesion promoters, plasticizers, solvents, diluents, sagging inhibitors, antioxidants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, physical property adjusters, tackifier resins, compounds having epoxy groups, photocurable substances, oxygen curable substances, epoxy resins, and other resins. Furthermore, the curable composition may contain additives for adjusting the physical properties of the curable composition or the cured product.
- additives examples include surface improvers, foaming agents, curability adjusters, flame retardants, silicates, radical inhibitors, metal deactivators, antiozonants, phosphorus-based peroxide decomposers, lubricants, pigments, and fungicides.
- the total content of the curable polymer means the total content of substances that are crosslinked and contribute to the formation of a cured product.
- the curable polymer includes polymers having hydrolyzable silyl groups and other curable polymers (such as epoxy resins).
- the total content of the curable polymer is the total content of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) and the optionally contained amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C), (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (E), and epoxy resin.
- Fillers examples include ground calcium carbonate, colloidal calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, clay, talc, titanium oxide, fumed silica, precipitated silica, crystalline silica, fused silica, anhydrous silicic acid, hydrous silicic acid, carbon black, ferric oxide, fine aluminum powder, zinc oxide, activated zinc oxide, PVC powder, PMMA powder, glass fibers and filaments.
- the content of the filler in the curable composition is preferably 1 to 600 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 to 300 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. Only one type of filler may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- Balloons are spherical fillers with a hollow interior.
- Balloon materials include inorganic materials (glass, shirasu, silica, etc.) and organic materials (phenolic resin, urea resin, polystyrene, saran, etc.).
- the balloon content in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 100 parts by weight, and more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. Only one type of balloon may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- plasticizer examples include phthalate compounds (dibutyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate (DINP), diheptyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), butyl benzyl phthalate, etc.); terephthalate compounds (bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, etc.); and non-phthalate compounds (1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, etc.
- phthalate compounds dibutyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate (DINP), diheptyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), butyl benzyl phthalate, etc.
- terephthalate compounds bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1
- Specific examples of products include Hexamol DINCH (BASF), etc.); aliphatic polycarboxylic acid ester compounds (dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate, diisodecyl succinate, acetyl tributyl citrate, etc.); unsaturated fatty acid ester compounds (butyl oleate, methyl acetylricinoleate, etc.); alkylsulfonic acid phenyl esters (specific product examples include Mesamoll (LANXESS), etc.); phosphate ester compounds; trimellitic acid ester compounds; hydrocarbon-based oils (chlorinated paraffins, alkyl diphenyls, partially hydrogenated terphenyls, etc.); process oils; and epoxy plasticizers (epoxidized soybean oil, epoxy benzyl stearate, etc.).
- aliphatic polycarboxylic acid ester compounds dioctyl
- the plasticizer may be a polymer plasticizer.
- polymer plasticizers include vinyl polymers, polyester plasticizers, polyether polyols (polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, etc., having a number average molecular weight of 500 or more), derivatives in which the hydroxyl groups of polyether polyols are converted to ester groups, ether groups, etc., polystyrenes, polybutadiene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, butadiene-acrylonitrile, and polychloroprene.
- the content of the plasticizer in the curable composition is preferably 5 to 150 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 120 parts by weight, and even more preferably 20 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. If the content is 5 parts by weight or more, the effect as a plasticizer can be expected to be sufficient. If the content is 150 parts by weight or less, sufficient mechanical strength can be imparted to the cured product. Only one type of plasticizer may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- solvent and diluents examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ketones, and ethers.
- the boiling point of the solvent is preferably 150° C. or higher, more preferably 200° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 250° C. or higher. Only one type of solvent and/or diluent may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- Anti-sagging agent By blending an anti-sagging agent in the curable composition, sagging of the curable composition is prevented and workability is improved.
- the anti-sagging agent include polyamide waxes, hydrogenated castor oil derivatives, and metal soaps (calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, barium stearate, etc.).
- the content of the anti-sagging agent in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. Only one type of anti-sagging agent may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- antioxidants By blending an antioxidant in the curable composition, the weather resistance of the cured product is improved.
- examples of the antioxidant include hindered phenol-based, monophenol-based, bisphenol-based, and polyphenol-based. Specific examples of products include BHT, Irganox 245, Irganox 1010, Irganox 1035, Irganox 1076, Irganox 1135, Irganox 1330, Irganox 1520, and SONGNOX 1076.
- a hindered amine-based light stabilizer may be blended as an antioxidant.
- Specific examples of products include Tinuvin 622LD, Tinuvin 144, Tinuvin 292, CHIMASSORB 944LD, and CHIMASSORB 119FL (all from BASF); ADK STAB LA-57, ADK STAB LA-62, ADK STAB LA-67, ADK STAB LA-63, and ADK STAB LA-68 (all from ADEKA Corporation); SANOL LS-2626, SANOL LS-1114, and SANOL LS-744 (all from Sankyo Lifetech Co., Ltd.); and NOCRAC CD (Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- Further examples of antioxidant products include SONGNOX 4120, Nauguard 445, and OKABEST CLX050.
- antioxidants are also described in JP-A-4-283259 and JP-A-9-194731.
- the content of the antioxidant in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. Only one type of antioxidant may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- Light stabilizer By blending a light stabilizer in the curable composition, photo-oxidative deterioration of the cured product can be prevented.
- light stabilizers include benzotriazole-based, hindered amine-based, and benzoate-based. Among the above, hindered amine-based stabilizers are preferred.
- hindered amine light stabilizers include Tinuvin 123, Tinuvin 144, Tinuvin 249, Tinuvin 292, Tinuvin 312, Tinuvin 622LD, Tinuvin 765, Tinuvin 770, Tinuvin 880, Tinuvin 5866, Tinuvin B97, CHIMASSORB 119 FL, and CHIMASSORB 944 LD (all from BASF); ADK STAB LA-57, LA-62, LA-63, LA-67, and LA-68 (all from ADEKA CORPORATION); SANOL LS-292, LS-2626, LS-765, LS-744, and LS-1114 (all from Sankyo Lifetech Co., Ltd.); SABOSTAB UV91, SABOSTAB UV119, SONGSORB CS5100, and SONGSORB Examples include CS622, SONGSORB CS944 (both SONGWON), and Nocrac CD (Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- the content of the light stabilizer in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. Only one type of light stabilizer may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- ultraviolet absorber By blending an ultraviolet absorber in the curable composition, the surface weather resistance of the cured product is improved.
- ultraviolet absorbers include benzophenone-based, benzotriazole-based, salicylate-based, triazine-based, substituted acrylonitrile-based, and metal chelate-based. Among these, benzotriazole-based is preferred.
- benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorbers include Tinuvin 234, Tinuvin 326, Tinuvin 327, Tinuvin 328, Tinuvin 329, Tinuvin 350, Tinuvin 571, Tinuvin 900, Tinuvin 928, Tinuvin 1130, Tinuvin 1600 (all BASF); SONGSORB 3290 (SONGWON).
- triazine-based UV absorbers include Tinuvin 400, Tinuvin 405, Tinuvin 477, Tinuvin 1577ED (all BASF); SONGSORB CS400, SONGSORB 1577 (SONGWON).
- benzophenone-based UV absorbers include SONGSORB 8100 (SONGWON).
- An example of such a product is Addworks IBC760 (Clariant).
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. Only one type of ultraviolet absorber may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- property adjusters include alkylalkoxysilanes (phenoxytrimethylsilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, etc.); arylalkoxysilanes (diphenyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, etc.); alkylisopropenoxysilanes (dimethyldiisopropenoxysilane, methyltriisopropenoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldiisopropenoxysilane, etc.); trialkylsilylborates (tris(trimethylsilyl)borate, tris(triethylsilyl)borate, etc.); silicone varnish; and polysiloxanes.
- alkylalkoxysilanes phenoxytrimethylsilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyl
- compounds that generate monovalent silanol groups (preferably trimethylsilanol groups) upon hydrolysis can reduce the modulus of the cured product without increasing the stickiness of the surface of the cured product.
- examples of such compounds include alcohol derivatives of silicone compounds (examples of alcohols include hexanol, octanol, phenol, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, and sorbitol).
- Specific examples include phenoxytrimethylsilane and tris((trimethylsiloxy)methyl)propane.
- the content of the physical property adjuster in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. Only one type of physical property adjuster may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- tackifier resin By blending a tackifier resin in the curable composition, the adhesiveness and adhesion to the substrate are improved.
- the tackifier resin include terpene resin, aromatic modified terpene resin, hydrogenated terpene resin, terpene-phenol resin, phenol resin, modified phenol resin, xylene-phenol resin, cyclopentadiene-phenol resin, coumarone-indene resin, rosin resin, rosin ester resin, hydrogenated rosin ester resin, xylene resin, low molecular weight polystyrene resin, styrene copolymer resin, styrene block copolymer and its hydrogenated product, petroleum resin (C5 hydrocarbon resin, C9 hydrocarbon resin, C5C9 hydrocarbon copolymer resin, etc.), hydrogenated petroleum resin, and DCPD resin.
- the content of the tackifier resin in the curable composition is preferably 2 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, and even more preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. If the content is 2 parts by weight or more, sufficient adhesion and bonding effects to the substrate can be expected. If the content is 100 parts by weight or less, the viscosity of the curable composition does not become too high, making it easy to handle. Only one type of tackifier resin may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- Compound having an epoxy group By blending a compound having an epoxy group in the curable composition, the restorability of the cured product is improved.
- the compound having an epoxy group include epoxidized unsaturated fats and oils, epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters, alicyclic epoxy compounds, epichlorohydrin derivatives, and mixtures thereof. More specific examples include epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (E-PS), epoxy octyl stearate, and epoxy butyl stearate.
- E-PS epoxy octyl stearate
- the content of the compound having an epoxy group in the curable composition is preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by weight, with the total content of the curable polymer being 100 parts by weight. Only one type of compound having an epoxy group may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- photocurable substances By blending a photocurable material in a curable composition, a film of the photocurable material is formed on the surface of the cured product, which reduces the stickiness of the surface of the cured product and improves weather resistance.
- the photocurable material is known to be an organic monomer, oligomer, resin, or a composition containing them.
- Representative examples of the photocurable material include a monomer, oligomer, or mixture thereof having one or more (meth)acrylic unsaturated groups; polyvinyl cinnamate; and azido resin.
- the content of the photocurable substance in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymers. If the content is 0.1 part by weight or more, the effect of improving weather resistance can be expected to be sufficient. If the content is 20 parts by weight or less, the cured product does not become too hard, and cracks can be prevented. Only one type of photocurable substance may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination.
- An oxygen-curable substance is, for example, an unsaturated compound that can react with oxygen in the air.
- a curable composition By blending an oxygen-curable substance with a curable composition, a film of a photocurable substance is formed on the surface of the cured product, which reduces stickiness of the surface of the cured product and prevents adhesion of dirt and dust.
- oxygen-curable substances examples include drying oils (tung oil, linseed oil, etc.); alkyd resins obtained by modifying drying oils; acrylic polymers, epoxy resins, or silicone resins modified with drying oils; and liquid polymers obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing diene compounds such as butadiene, chloroprene, isoprene, and 1,3-pentadiene (1,2-polybutadiene, 1,4-polybutadiene, polymers of C5 to C8 dienes, etc.).
- the content of the oxygen curing substance is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer. If the content is 0.1 part by weight or more, a sufficient effect of improving contamination can be expected. If the content is 20 parts by weight or less, the mechanical strength of the cured product is less likely to be impaired. Only one type of oxygen curing substance may be used, or two or more different types may be used in combination. In addition, an oxygen curing substance and a photocuring substance may be used in combination (see JP-A-3-160053, etc.).
- epoxy resin The curable composition containing the epoxy resin is particularly preferable as an adhesive (particularly an adhesive for exterior wall tiles).
- the epoxy resin include bisphenol A type epoxy resins and novolac type epoxy resins.
- the content of the epoxy resin, crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) and amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) is preferably in the range of (100/1) to (1/100) in terms of weight ratio, i.e., total content of crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) and amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) / content of epoxy resin. If the amount of epoxy resin is too small, it is difficult to obtain the improved impact strength and toughness resulting from the epoxy resin cured product. If the amount of epoxy resin is too large, the strength of the cured product tends to be insufficient.
- the curable composition may further contain an epoxy resin curing agent for curing the epoxy resin.
- an epoxy resin curing agent for curing the epoxy resin.
- the epoxy resin curing agent any commonly used epoxy resin curing agent can be used.
- the content of the epoxy resin curing agent in the curable composition is preferably 0.1 to 300 parts by weight, assuming that the epoxy resin content is 100 parts by weight.
- the curable composition may be a one-component curable composition or a two-component curable composition.
- a one-component curable composition all components are mixed as one composition.
- the one-component curable composition is sealed and stored before use, and is cured by moisture in the air after use.
- a two-component curable composition the components are mixed separately into two compositions, a base agent and a curing agent.
- the curing agent includes components such as a curing catalyst, a filler, a plasticizer, and water.
- the base agent and the curing agent are mixed before use. From the viewpoint of workability, a one-component curable composition is preferred.
- alkoxysilane compounds include n-propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
- the content of the dehydrating agent (especially a silicon compound that can react with water, such as vinyltrimethoxysilane) is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the curable polymer.
- the curable composition can be used as an adhesive, a sealing material for buildings, ships, automobiles, roads, etc., an adhesive, a waterproofing material, a coating waterproofing material, a mold release agent, an anti-vibration material, a vibration-damping material, a sound-proofing material, a foaming material, a paint, a spraying material, etc.
- the cured product obtained by curing the curable composition according to one embodiment of the present invention has excellent flexibility and adhesiveness. Therefore, it is more preferable to use it as a sealing material or an adhesive among the above-mentioned.
- curable compositions include electrical and electronic component materials (such as solar cell backside sealing materials), electrical and electronic components (such as insulating coating materials for electric wires and cables), electrical insulation materials for equipment, acoustic insulation materials, elastic adhesives, binders, contact adhesives, spray-type sealants, crack repair materials, tiling adhesives, adhesives for asphalt waterproofing materials, powder coatings, casting materials, medical rubber materials, medical adhesives, medical adhesive sheets, medical device sealants, dental impression materials, food packaging materials, exterior materials (sizing boards, etc.) Sealing materials for joints of glass, coating materials, anti-slip coating materials, buffer materials, primers, conductive materials for electromagnetic wave shielding, thermally conductive materials, hot melt materials, potting agents for electrical and electronic devices, films, gaskets, concrete reinforcing materials, temporary adhesives, molding materials, rust-proofing and waterproofing sealants for wired glass and laminated glass ends (cut parts), liquid sealants used in automobile parts, large vehicle parts (trucks, buses, etc.), train car
- the curable composition adheres to various substrates such as glass, porcelain, wood, metal, and resin moldings. Therefore, it can also be used in various types of sealing compositions or adhesive compositions.
- the curable composition can also be used as an adhesive material such as adhesive tape or sheet.
- R 1 each independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent; The substituent may have a heteroatom.
- Each X is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group; a is 1, 2 or 3.
- ⁇ 3> The crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) according to ⁇ 2>, wherein X is a methoxy group.
- ⁇ 4> The crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) is a polyoxypropylene polymer.
- ⁇ 5> A crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, a silanol condensation catalyst (B); 1.
- a curable composition comprising: ⁇ 6> The curable composition according to ⁇ 5>, further comprising an amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) having a reactive silicon group represented by general formula (2): -Si(R 2 ) 3-b (Y) b (2)
- R2 each independently represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent; The substituent may have a heteroatom.
- Each Y is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group; b is 1, 2 or 3.
- ⁇ 8> The curable composition according to ⁇ 7>, wherein Y is a methoxy group.
- ⁇ 9> The curable composition according to any one of ⁇ 6> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) is a polyoxypropylene polymer.
- a weight ratio ((A)/(C)) of the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer (A) to the amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer (C) is 1/99 to 99/1.
- ⁇ 11> The curable composition according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 10>, further comprising a silane coupling agent (D).
- a sealant comprising the curable composition according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 10>.
- An adhesive comprising the curable composition according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 10>.
- ⁇ 14> A cured product obtained by curing the curable composition according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 10>.
- the reaction solution was neutralized with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and recrystallized in acetone to obtain a crystalline polyoxypropylene polymer having hydroxyl groups at the ends of the molecular chains. 4. To the resulting polymer was added 50 ppm of dibutyltin bis(isooctylmercaptopropionate) (Neostan U-360, Nitto Kasei Co., Ltd.). 5. The reaction solution was heated to 90°C, and (3-isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to proceed in this state for 5 hours.
- the peak top molecular weight in step 1 is a polystyrene equivalent molecular weight measured by GPC. Specific measurement conditions are as follows. ⁇ Liquid delivery system: HLC-8120GPC (Tosoh Corporation) Column: TSK-GEL H type (Tosoh Corporation) Solvent: Chloroform
- the mm-triad content of the obtained polyoxypropylene-based polymer was 99% or more. This proves that a crystalline polyoxypropylene-based resin was obtained.
- the mm-triad content was confirmed by 13 C NMR in the same manner as described in J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol. 127, pp. 11566-11567 (2005).
- the amount of NaOMe added was 1.2 molar equivalents relative to the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polymer. 3. Allyl chloride was added to convert the terminal hydroxyl groups to allyl groups, and then the unreacted allyl chloride was removed by volatilization under reduced pressure. 4. 100 parts by weight of the crude polymer, 300 parts by weight of n-hexane, and 300 parts by weight of water were mixed and stirred, and then the water was removed by centrifugation. 5. 300 parts by weight of water was mixed and stirred into the hexane solution of the obtained polymer. Then, the water was removed by centrifugation. Then, the hexane was removed by devolatilization under reduced pressure.
- a polypropylene oxide polymer having an allyl group at the end of the molecule was obtained.
- the number average molecular weight of this polymer was about 14,500. 6.
- the obtained polymer was reacted with methyldimethoxysilane at 90°C for 5 hours.
- a polyoxypropylene polymer having methyldimethoxysilyl groups at the ends of the molecular chains was obtained.
- the amount of methyldimethoxysilane added was 0.8 molar equivalents relative to the allyl groups contained in the polymer.
- As a catalyst a 2-propanol solution of platinum vinylsiloxane complex (platinum content: 3 wt%) was used.
- the amount of catalyst added was 150 ppm, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer to be reacted.
- the number of methyldimethoxysilyl groups calculated from the 1H NMR spectrum was about 1.6 per molecule.
- the number average molecular weight in step 1 is a polystyrene equivalent molecular weight measured by GPC. Specific measurement conditions are as follows. ⁇ Liquid delivery system: HLC-8120GPC (Tosoh Corporation) Column: TSK-GEL H type (Tosoh Corporation) Solvent: Tetrahydrofuran
- the mm-triad content of the resulting polyoxypropylene polymer was less than 5%. This proves that an amorphous polyoxypropylene resin was indeed obtained.
- Example 1 A cured product was prepared according to the following procedure. 1. A crystalline polyoxypropylene-based polymer and an amorphous polyoxypropylene-based polymer were added to a mayonnaise bottle. Both of these polyoxypropylene-based polymers had reactive silicon groups introduced therein. 2. 100 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran was added to the total content of the polyoxypropylene polymers of 100 parts by weight, and the mixture was then mixed while being heated in an oven at 70°C. 3. The mixture was removed from the oven and a silanol condensation catalyst and water were added. After stirring with a spatula, the curable composition was poured into a mold.
- Dibutyltin dilaurate (Neostan U-100, Nitto Kasei Co., Ltd.) was used as the silanol condensation catalyst. 4. Tetrahydrofuran was evaporated in an oven at 50° C. Then, the composition was cured at 70° C. for 20 to 33 hours. In this way, a cured product was obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 A cured product was prepared according to the following procedure. 1. A silanol condensation catalyst and water were added to an amorphous polyoxyalkylene polymer, and the mixture was stirred and poured into a mold. Dibutyltin dilaurate (Neostan U-100, Nitto Kasei Co., Ltd.) was used as the silanol condensation catalyst. 2. The product was aged for one week at a constant temperature and humidity of 23° C. and 55%. In this way, a cured product was obtained.
- Dibutyltin dilaurate Neostan U-100, Nitto Kasei Co., Ltd.
- Example 2 the crystalline polyoxypropylene-based polymer to be blended was changed to a crystalline polyoxypropylene-based polymer having no reactive silicon group. Specifically, it was changed to the crystalline polyoxypropylene-based polymer obtained in Step 2 of Synthesis Example 1. A cured product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the cured product of Example 1 is obtained by curing a curable composition containing a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer having a reactive silicon group.
- the cured product of Comparative Example 1 is obtained by curing a curable composition that does not contain a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer.
- the cured product of Comparative Example 2 is obtained by curing a curable composition that contains a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer that does not have a reactive silicon group.
- Example 1 Comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the cured product of Example 1 has higher stresses at 50% elongation and 100% elongation than the cured product of Comparative Example 1, and is stronger at the same elongation rate. In addition, the stress at break is higher than that of the cured product of Comparative Example 1, and it does not break unless a large force is applied. This suggests that the elastic modulus and strength of the cured product are improved by blending a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer.
- Example 1 Comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it is suggested that the effect of adding a crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer is exhibited because the crystalline polyoxyalkylene polymer has a reactive silicon group.
- the curable composition according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used as a sealant, an adhesive, or the like.
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Abstract
Description
-Si(R1)3-a(X)a (1)
式中、
R1は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の炭化水素基を表し、
上記置換基は、ヘテロ原子を有していてもよく、
Xは、それぞれ独立に、水酸基または加水分解性基であり、
aは、1、2または3である。
[1.1.結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)の構造および性質]
本発明の一態様に係る結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)は、一般式(1)に示す反応性ケイ素基を有する。反応性ケイ素基とは、加水分解などの化学反応によりシロキサン結合を形成する官能基である。
-Si(R1)3-a(X)a (1)
結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)の主鎖の重合方法の例としては、J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol.127, pp.11566-11567 (2005)、J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol.130, pp.17658-17659 (2008)、CHEM. REV., vol.114, pp.8129-8152 (2014)、J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol.139, pp.11048-11054 (2017)に記載の方法が挙げられる。得られた結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体の末端が水酸基でない場合は、反応性ケイ素基を導入するために、水酸基に変換することが好ましい。
ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体の末端の水酸基を利用すれば、反応性ケイ素基を導入できる。例えば、下記の第1のプロセスによって、反応性ケイ素基を導入できる。
1. 末端に水酸基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体に、アルカリ金属塩または複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒を作用させる。これにより、末端にメタルオキシ基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体を得る。
2. 末端にメタルオキシ基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体に、炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有する求電子剤を作用させる。これにより、末端部分に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体を得る。
3. 末端部分に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体に、炭素-炭素不飽和結合と反応する反応性ケイ素基含有化合物を作用させる。これにより、末端部分に反応性ケイ素基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体を得る。
結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体の末端の水酸基に反応性ケイ素基を導入するための第2のプロセスとして、下記が挙げられる。
1. 末端に水酸基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体に、反応性ケイ素基およびイソシアネート基の両方を有する化合物を作用させる。これにより、ウレタン結合を介して反応性ケイ素基を導入する。
結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体の末端の水酸基に反応性ケイ素基を導入するための第3のプロセスとして、下記が挙げられる。
1. 末端に水酸基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体に、過剰量のポリイソシアネート化合物を反応させる。これにより、末端にイソシアネート基を有する重合体を得る。2. 末端にイソシアネート基を有する重合体に、イソシアネート基と反応する基(アミノ基など)および反応性ケイ素基の両方を有する化合物を反応させる。
結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体の末端の水酸基に反応性ケイ素基を導入するための第4のプロセスとして、下記が挙げられる。
1. 末端に水酸基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体に、アルカリ金属塩または複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒を作用させる。これにより、末端にメタルオキシ基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体を得る。
2. 末端にメタルオキシ基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体に、炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有する求電子剤を作用させる。これにより、末端部分に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体を得る。
3. 末端部分に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体に、メルカプタン基および反応性ケイ素基の両方を有する化合物を作用させる。これにより、スルフィド結合を介して反応性ケイ素基を導入する。
本発明の一態様に係る硬化性組成物は、結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)と、シラノール縮合触媒(B)とを含む。硬化性組成物は、任意成分として、非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(C)、シランカップリング剤(D)および反応性ケイ素基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体(E)からなる群より選択される1つ以上をさらに含んでもよい。結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)に関しては、〔1〕節において説明した通りである。本節では、他の成分について詳述する。
シラノール縮合触媒(B)の例としては、有機錫化合物、カルボン酸金属塩、アミン化合物、カルボン酸、アルコキシ金属、チタン化合物が挙げられる。
非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(C)のmm-トリアドの含有量は、5%未満が好ましい。
-Si(R2)3-b(Y)b (2)
非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(C)の主鎖は、従来公知の方法によって形成できる。例えば、水酸基を有する開始剤に、エポキシ化合物を重合させることによって形成できる。これによって、末端に水酸基を有するポリオキシアルキレン系重合体が得られる。得られる重合体の分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が狭くなるため、複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒(亜鉛ヘキサシアノコバルテートグライム錯体など)を用いた重合方法が好ましい。
シランカップリング剤(D)の具体例としては、アミノ基含有シラン、イソシアネート基含有シラン、メルカプト基含有シラン、エポキシ基含有シランが挙げられる。アミノ基含有シランの例としては、γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、N-β-アミノエチル-γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-β-アミノエチル-γ-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、N-フェニル-γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、(2-アミノエチル)アミノメチルトリメトキシシランが挙げられる。イソシアネート基含有シランの例としては、γ-イソシアネートプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-イソシアネートプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、α-イソシアネートメチルトリメトキシシラン、α-イソシアネートメチルジメトキシメチルシランが挙げられる。メルカプト基含有シランの例としては、γ-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシランが挙げられる。エポキシ基含有シランの例としては、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、β-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシランが挙げられる。
硬化性組成物は、反応性ケイ素基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体(E)をさらに含んでもよい。本明細書において、(メタ)アクリルとは、アクリルおよび/またはメタクリルを表す。反応性ケイ素基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体(E)を含むと、硬化物の耐候性や、硬化性組成物の接着性が向上する。
-SiR5 3-cZc (3)
で表される。
(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体(E)に反応性ケイ素基を導入する方法は、特に限定されない。例えば、下記の方法1~4が挙げられる。
●方法1:重合性不飽和基および反応性ケイ素基の両方を有する化合物を、上述のモノマーと共重合する方法。この方法により得られる(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体(E)は、主鎖中にランダムに反応性ケイ素基が導入されている。
●方法2:反応性ケイ素基を有するメルカプトシラン化合物を連鎖移動剤として使用して、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体を重合する方法。この方法により得られる(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体(E)は、主鎖の末端に反応性ケイ素基が導入されている。
●方法3:重合性不飽和基および反応性官能基の両方を有する化合物を、上述のモノマーと共重合する。その後、反応性官能基に反応する官能基および反応性ケイ素基の両方を有する化合物を反応させる方法。この方法の具体例としては、上述のモノマーとアクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチルとを共重合した後、主鎖に含まれる水酸基と反応性ケイ素基を有するイソシアネートシランとを反応させる方法が挙げられる。他の具体例としては、上述のモノマーとアクリル酸グリシジルとを共重合した後、主鎖に含まれるエポキシ基と反応性ケイ素基を有するアミノシラン化合物とを反応させる方法が挙げられる。
●方法4:リビングラジカル重合によって合成した(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体の末端官能基を変性して、反応性ケイ素基を導入する方法。リビングラジカル重合によって得られる(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体は、重合体末端に官能基を導入しやすい。この末端官能基を変性させることにより、主鎖の末端に反応性ケイ素基を導入できる。この方法によれば、分子量分布が狭い重合体が得られる。分子量分布は、1.6以下が好ましく、1.4以下がより好ましく、1.2以下がさらに好ましい。(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体(E)の数平均分子量および重量平均分子量は、GPCにおけるポリスチレン換算分子量として求める。
・重合によって、末端反応性基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体を得る。次に、末端反応性基と反応しうる官能基および反応性ケイ素基の両方を有する化合物を反応させる。
・重合によって、末端反応性基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体を得る。次に、末端反応性基と反応しうる官能基および二重結合の両方を有する化合物を反応させる。これによって、重合体末端に二重結合を導入する。次に、ヒドロシリル化反応などにより反応性ケイ素基を導入する。
硬化性組成物は、上述した以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。このような成分の例としては、充填剤、接着性付与剤、可塑剤、溶剤、稀釈剤、タレ防止剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、物性調整剤、粘着付与樹脂、エポキシ基を有する化合物、光硬化性物質、酸素硬化性物質、エポキシ樹脂、その他の樹脂が挙げられる。さらに、硬化性組成物は、硬化性組成物または硬化物の物性を調整するための添加剤を含んでもよい。このような添加物の例としては、表面性改良剤、発泡剤、硬化性調整剤、難燃剤、シリケート、ラジカル禁止剤、金属不活性化剤、オゾン劣化防止剤、リン系過酸化物分解剤、滑剤、顔料、防かび剤が挙げられる。
充填剤の例としては、重質炭酸カルシウム、膠質炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、ケイソウ土、クレー、タルク、酸化チタン、ヒュームドシリカ、沈降性シリカ、結晶性シリカ、溶融シリカ、無水ケイ酸、含水ケイ酸、カーボンブラック、酸化第二鉄、アルミニウム微粉末、酸化亜鉛、活性亜鉛華、PVC粉末、PMMA粉末、ガラス繊維およびフィラメントが挙げられる。
可塑剤の例としては、フタル酸エステル化合物(ジブチルフタレート、ジイソノニルフタレート(DINP)、ジヘプチルフタレート、ジ(2-エチルヘキシル)フタレート、ジイソデシルフタレート(DIDP)、ブチルベンジルフタレートなど);テレフタル酸エステル化合物(ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)-1,4-ベンゼンジカルボキシレートなど);非フタル酸エステル化合物(1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸ジイソノニルエステルなど。具体的な製品の例としては、Hexamoll DINCH(BASF)など);脂肪族多価カルボン酸エステル化合物(アジピン酸ジオクチル、セバシン酸ジオクチル、セバシン酸ジブチル、コハク酸ジイソデシル、アセチルクエン酸トリブチルなど);不飽和脂肪酸エステル化合物(オレイン酸ブチル、アセチルリシノール酸メチルなど);アルキルスルホン酸フェニルエステル(具体的な製品の例としては、Mesamoll(LANXESS)など);リン酸エステル化合物;トリメリット酸エステル化合物;炭化水素系油(塩素化パラフィン;アルキルジフェニル、部分水添ターフェニルなど);プロセスオイル;エポキシ可塑剤(エポキシ化大豆油、エポキシステアリン酸ベンジルなど)が挙げられる。
溶剤および稀釈剤の例としては、脂肪族炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、脂環族炭化水素、ハロゲン化炭化水素、アルコール、エステル、ケトン、エーテルが挙げられる。硬化性組成物を屋内で使用するときに周囲の空気を汚染しないように、溶剤の沸点は、150℃以上が好ましく、200℃以上がより好ましく、250℃以上が特に好ましい。溶剤および/または稀釈剤は、1種類のみを使用してもよいし、異なる2種類以上を併用して使用してもよい。
硬化性組成物にタレ防止剤を配合することにより、硬化性組成物のタレを防止し、作業性が向上する。タレ防止剤の例としては、ポリアミドワックス類;水添ヒマシ油誘導体類;金属石鹸類(ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸アルミニウム、ステアリン酸バリウムなど)が挙げられる。
硬化性組成物に酸化防止剤を配合することにより、硬化物の耐候性が向上する。酸化防止剤の例としては、ヒンダードフェノール系、モノフェノール系、ビスフェノール系、ポリフェノール系が挙げられる。具体的な製品の例としては、BHT、イルガノックス245、イルガノックス1010、イルガノックス1035、イルガノックス1076、イルガノックス1135、イルガノックス1330、イルガノックス1520、SONGNOX1076が挙げられる。また、ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤を酸化防止剤として配合してもよい。具体的な製品の例としては、Tinuvin622LD、Tinuvin144、Tinuvin292、CHIMASSORB944LD、CHIMASSORB119FL(いずれもBASF);アデカスタブLA-57、アデカスタブLA-62、アデカスタブLA-67、アデカスタブLA-63、アデカスタブLA-68(いずれも株式会社ADEKA);サノールLS-2626、サノールLS-1114、サノールLS-744(いずれも三共ライフテック株式会社);ノクラックCD(大内新興化学工業株式会社)が挙げられる。さらなる酸化防止剤の製品の例としては、SONGNOX4120、ナウガード445、OKABESTCLX050が挙げられる。
硬化性組成物に光安定剤を配合することにより、硬化物の光酸化劣化を防止できる。光安定剤の例としては、ベンゾトリアゾール系、ヒンダードアミン系、ベンゾエート系が挙げられる。上述した中では、ヒンダードアミン系が好ましい。ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤の具体的な製品の例としては、Tinuvin123、Tinuvin144、Tinuvin249、Tinuvin292、Tinuvin312、Tinuvin622LD、Tinuvin765、Tinuvin770、Tinuvin880、Tinuvin5866、TinuvinB97、CHIMASSORB119FL、CHIMASSORB944LD(いずれもBASF);アデカスタブLA-57、LA-62、LA-63、LA-67、LA-68(いずれも株式会社ADEKA);サノールLS-292、LS-2626、LS-765、LS-744、LS-1114(いずれも三共ライフテック株式会社);SABOSTAB UV91、SABOSTAB UV119、SONGSORB CS5100、SONGSORB CS622、SONGSORB CS944(いずれもSONGWON)、ノクラックCD(大内新興化学工業株式会社)が挙げられる。
硬化性組成物に紫外線吸収剤を配合することにより、硬化物の表面耐候性が向上する。紫外線吸収剤の例としては、ベンゾフェノン系、ベンゾトリアゾール系、サリチレート系、トリアジン系、置換アクリロニトリル系、金属キレート系が挙げられる。これらの中では、ベンゾトリアゾール系が好ましい。ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤の具体的な製品の例としては、Tinuvin234、Tinuvin326、Tinuvin327、Tinuvin328、Tinuvin329、Tinuvin350、Tinuvin571、Tinuvin900、Tinuvin928、Tinuvin1130、Tinuvin1600(いずれもBASF);SONGSORB3290(SONGWON)が挙げられる。トリアジン系紫外線吸収剤の具体的な製品の例としては、Tinuvin400、Tinuvin405、Tinuvin477、Tinuvin1577ED(いずれもBASF);SONGSORB CS400、SONGSORB1577(SONGWON)が挙げられる。ベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤の具体的な製品の例としては、SONGSORB8100(SONGWON)が挙げられる。
硬化性組成物に物性調整剤を配合することにより、硬化物の引張特性を調整できるようになる。例えば、硬化物の硬度を上げて引張強度を向上させたり、硬度を下げて破断伸びを向上させたりできる。
硬化性組成物に粘着付与樹脂を配合することにより、基材に対する接着性および密着性が向上する。粘着付与樹脂の例としては、テルペン系樹脂、芳香族変性テルペン樹脂、水素添加テルペン樹脂、テルペン-フェノール樹脂、フェノール樹脂、変性フェノール樹脂、キシレン-フェノール樹脂、シクロペンタジエン-フェノール樹脂、クマロンインデン樹脂、ロジン系樹脂、ロジンエステル樹脂、水添ロジンエステル樹脂、キシレン樹脂、低分子量ポリスチレン系樹脂、スチレン共重合体樹脂、スチレン系ブロック共重合体およびその水素添加物、石油樹脂(C5炭化水素樹脂、C9炭化水素樹脂、C5C9炭化水素共重合樹脂など)、水添石油樹脂、DCPD樹脂が挙げられる。
硬化性組成物にエポキシ基を有する化合物を配合することにより、硬化物の復元性が向上する。エポキシ基を有する化合物の例としては、エポキシ化不飽和油脂類、エポキシ化不飽和脂肪酸エステル類、脂環族エポキシ化合物、エピクロルヒドリン誘導体、およびそれらの混合物が挙げられる。より具体的な例としては、エポキシ化大豆油、エポキシ化あまに油、ビス(2-エチルヘキシル)-4,5-エポキシシクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカーボキシレート(E-PS)、エポキシオクチルステアレ-ト、エポキシブチルステアレ-トが挙げられる。
硬化性組成物に光硬化性物質を配合することにより、硬化物表面に光硬化性物質の皮膜が形成され、硬化物表面のべたつきを低減したり、耐候性を向上させたりできる。光硬化性物質は、有機モノマー、オリゴマー、樹脂、またはそれらを含む組成物などが知られている。光硬化性物質の代表例としては、(メタ)アクリル系不飽和基を1個以上有するモノマー、オリゴマー、またはその混合物;ポリケイ皮酸ビニル;アジド化樹脂が挙げられる。
酸素硬化性物質とは、例えば、空気中の酸素と反応しうる不飽和化合物である。硬化性組成物に酸素硬化性物質を配合することにより、硬化物表面に光硬化性物質の皮膜が形成され、硬化物表面のべたつきを低減したり、ゴミやホコリの付着を防止したりできる。酸素硬化性物質の例としては、乾性油(キリ油、アマニ油など);乾性油を変性して得られるアルキッド樹脂;乾性油により変性されたアクリル系重合体、エポキシ系樹脂またはシリコーン樹脂;ブタジエン、クロロプレン、イソプレン、1,3-ペンタジエンなどのジエン系化合物を重合または共重合させて得られる液状重合体(1,2-ポリブタジエン、1,4-ポリブタジエン、C5~C8ジエンの重合体など)が挙げられる。
エポキシ樹脂を配合した硬化性組成物は、接着剤(とりわけ外壁タイル用接着剤)として特に好ましい。エポキシ樹脂の例としては、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂類、ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂が挙げられる。
[3.1.硬化性組成物の調製]
硬化性組成物は、1成分型の硬化性組成物であってもよいし、2成分型の硬化性組成物であってもよい。1成分型の硬化性組成物においては、全ての成分が1つの組成物として配合されている。1成分型の硬化性組成物は、使用前は密封保存されており、使用後に空気中の湿分により硬化する。2成分型の硬化性組成物においては、成分が主剤および硬化剤の2つの組成物に分かれて配合されている。硬化剤には、硬化触媒、充填材、可塑剤、水などの成分が含まれる。2成分型の硬化性組成物は、主剤と硬化剤とを使用前に混合する。作業性の観点からは、1成分型の硬化性組成物が好ましい。
硬化性組成物は、粘着剤、建造物・船舶・自動車・道路などのシーリング材、接着剤、防水材、塗膜防水材、型取剤、防振材、制振材、防音材、発泡材料、塗料、吹付材などに使用できる。本発明の一実施態様に係る硬化性組成物を硬化して得られる硬化物は、柔軟性および接着性に優れている。そのため、上述した中でも、シーリング材または接着剤として用いることがより好ましい。
本発明には、下記の態様が含まれる。
<1>
一般式(1)に示す反応性ケイ素基を有する、結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A):
-Si(R1)3-a(X)a (1)
式中、
R1は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の炭化水素基を表し、
上記置換基は、ヘテロ原子を有していてもよく、
Xは、それぞれ独立に、水酸基または加水分解性基であり、
aは、1、2または3である。
<2>
上記Xは、アルコキシ基である、<1>に記載の結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)。
<3>
上記Xは、メトキシ基である、<2>に記載の結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)。
<4>
上記結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)は、ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体である、<1>~<3>のいずれかに記載の結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)。<5>
<1>~<4>のいずれかに記載の結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)と、
シラノール縮合触媒(B)と、
を含む、硬化性組成物。
<6>
一般式(2)に示す反応性ケイ素基を有する非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(C)をさらに含む、<5>に記載の硬化性組成物:
-Si(R2)3-b(Y)b (2)
式中、
R2は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の炭化水素基を表し、
上記置換基は、ヘテロ原子を有していてもよく、
Yは、それぞれ独立に、水酸基または加水分解性基であり、
bは、1、2または3である。
<7>
上記Yは、アルコキシ基である、<6>に記載の硬化性組成物。
<8>
上記Yは、メトキシ基である、<7>に記載の硬化性組成物。
<9>
上記非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(C)は、ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体である、<6>~<8>のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
<10>
上記結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)と上記非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(C)との重量比((A)/(C))は、1/99~99/1である、<6>~<9>のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
<11>
シランカップリング剤(D)をさらに含む、<5>~<10>のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
<12>
<5>~<10>のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物を含む、シーリング材。
<13>
<5>~<10>のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物を含む、接着剤。
<14>
<5>~<10>のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物を硬化させてなる、硬化物。
下記の手順により、反応性ケイ素基を有する結晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体を合成した。
1. 結晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体の主鎖を、J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol.127, pp.11566-11567 (2005)に記載の方法で合成した。得られた重合体のピークトップ分子量は、59,000であった。得られた重合体の末端は、アセチル基および水酸基であることを1H NMRにより確認した。
2.得られた重合体に、エタノールに溶解させたナトリウムエトキシドを加えて、2時間反応させた。この反応は、130℃の真空下にて揮発成分を除去しながら行った。
3. 反応液を塩酸水溶液で中和し、アセトン中で再結晶させた。これにより、分子鎖の末端が水酸基である結晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体を得た。
4. 得られた重合体に、50ppmのジブチル錫ビス(イソオクチルメルカプトプロピオネート)(ネオスタンU-360、日東化成株式会社)を加えた。
5. 反応液を90℃に加熱し、(3-イソシアナトプロピル)トリエトキシシラン(東京化成工業株式会社)を滴下した。この状態で、5時間反応させた。これにより、分子鎖の末端にトリエトキシシリル基を有する結晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体を得た。1H NMRスペクトルから算出したトリエトキシシリル基の数は、1分子あたり約1.8個であった。
・送液システム:HLC-8120GPC(東ソー株式会社)
・カラム:TSK-GEL Hタイプ(東ソー株式会社)
・溶媒:クロロホルム
下記の手順により、反応性ケイ素基を有する非晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体を合成した。
1. プロピレンオキシドを重合して、分子鎖の末端が水酸基である非晶性ポリプロピレンオキシドを得た。開始剤には、分子量約2,000のポリオキシプロピレンジオールを使用した。触媒には、亜鉛ヘキサシアノコバルテートグライム錯体を使用した。得られた重合体の数平均分子量は、14,500であった。
2. 得られた重合体に、NaOMeのメタノール溶液を加えた。その後、メタノールを留去した。NaOMeの添加量は、重合体が有する水酸基の量に対して1.2モル当量とした。
3. 塩化アリルを加えて末端の水酸基をアリル基に変換した。その後、未反応の塩化アリルを減圧脱揮により除去した。
4. 100重量部の未精製の重合体、300重量部のn-ヘキサン、および300重量部の水を混合攪拌した。その後、遠心分離により水を除去した。
5. 得られた重合体のヘキサン溶液に、300重量部の水を混合攪拌した。その後、遠心分離により水を除去した。その後、減圧脱揮によりヘキサンを除去した。このようにして、分子の末端がアリル基であるポリプロピレンオキシド系重合体を得た。この重合体の数平均分子量は、約14,500であった。
6. 得られた重合体に、メチルジメトキシシランを90℃にて5時間反応させた。このようにして、分子鎖の末端にメチルジメトキシシリル基を有するポリオキシプロピレン系重合体を得た。メチルジメトキシシランの添加量は、重合体に含まれるアリル基に対して0.8モル当量とした。触媒には、白金ビニルシロキサン錯体の2-プロパノール溶液(白金含量:3wt%)を使用した。触媒の添加量は、反応に供する重合体を100重量部として、150ppmであった。1H NMRスペクトルから計算したメチルジメトキシシリル基の数は、1分子あたり約1.6個であった。
・送液システム:HLC-8120GPC(東ソー株式会社)
・カラム:TSK-GEL Hタイプ(東ソー株式会社)
・溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン
下記の手順により、硬化物を作製した。
1. 結晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体および非晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体をマヨ瓶に加えた。これらのポリオキシプロピレン系重合体には、いずれも、反応性ケイ素基が導入されている。
2. ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体の合計含有量を100重量部として、100重量部のテトラヒドロフランを加えた。その後、70℃のオーブンで加熱しながら混合した。
3. 混合物をオーブンから取り出し、シラノール縮合触媒および水を加えた。その後、スパチュラで攪拌し、硬化性組成物を型枠に流し込んだ。シラノール縮合触媒には、ジブチル錫ジラウレート(ネオスタンU-100、日東化成株式会社)を使用した。
4. 50℃のオーブンでテトラヒドロフランを揮発させた。その後、70℃にて20~33時間養生した。このようにして、硬化物を得た。
下記の手順により、硬化物を作製した。
1. 非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体に、シラノール縮合触媒および水を加えて攪拌し、型枠に流し込んだ。シラノール縮合触媒には、ジブチル錫ジラウレート(ネオスタンU-100、日東化成株式会社)を使用した。
2. 23℃、55%の恒温恒湿下において1週間養生した。このようにして、硬化物を得た。
実施例1において、配合する結晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体を、反応性ケイ素基を有さない結晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体に変更した。具体的には、合成例1の工程2で得られた結晶性ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体に変更した。それ以外は、実施例1と同じ方法によって硬化物を得た。
得られたシート状硬化物(厚さ:約1mm)から、JIS K 7113に規定されている3号形ダンベル型試験片を打抜いた。この試験片を引張試験に供して、機械物性を測定した。具体的には、弾性率(50%伸張時の応力、100%伸張時の応力、破断時の応力)および破断時の伸び(試験前のチャック間距離に対する伸び)を測定した。結果を表1に示す。測定条件は、使用機器:オートグラフ(AG-2000A、株式会社島津製作所)、測定温度:23℃、引張速度:500mm/minとした。
Claims (14)
- 一般式(1)に示す反応性ケイ素基を有する、結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A):
-Si(R1)3-a(X)a (1)
式中、
R1は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の炭化水素基を表し、
上記置換基は、ヘテロ原子を有していてもよく、
Xは、それぞれ独立に、水酸基または加水分解性基であり、
aは、1、2または3である。 - 上記Xは、アルコキシ基である、請求項1に記載の結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)。
- 上記Xは、メトキシ基である、請求項2に記載の結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)。
- 上記結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)は、ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体である、請求項1に記載の結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)。
- 請求項1に記載の結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)と、
シラノール縮合触媒(B)と、
を含む、硬化性組成物。 - 一般式(2)に示す反応性ケイ素基を有する非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(C)をさらに含む、請求項5に記載の硬化性組成物:
-Si(R2)3-b(Y)b (2)
式中、
R2は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~20の炭化水素基を表し、
上記置換基は、ヘテロ原子を有していてもよく、
Yは、それぞれ独立に、水酸基または加水分解性基であり、
bは、1、2または3である。 - 上記Yは、アルコキシ基である、請求項6に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 上記Yは、メトキシ基である、請求項7に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 上記非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(C)は、ポリオキシプロピレン系重合体である、請求項6に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 上記結晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(A)と上記非晶性ポリオキシアルキレン系重合体(C)との重量比((A)/(C))は、1/99~99/1である、請求項6に記載の硬化性組成物。
- シランカップリング剤(D)をさらに含む、請求項5または6に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 請求項5または6に記載の硬化性組成物を含む、シーリング材。
- 請求項5または6に記載の硬化性組成物を含む、接着剤。
- 請求項5または6に記載の硬化性組成物を硬化させてなる、硬化物。
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