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WO2024223925A1 - Laminated pane having an electrically switchable mirror element and reduced light transmittance - Google Patents

Laminated pane having an electrically switchable mirror element and reduced light transmittance Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024223925A1
WO2024223925A1 PCT/EP2024/061707 EP2024061707W WO2024223925A1 WO 2024223925 A1 WO2024223925 A1 WO 2024223925A1 EP 2024061707 W EP2024061707 W EP 2024061707W WO 2024223925 A1 WO2024223925 A1 WO 2024223925A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
electrically switchable
composite pane
region
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2024/061707
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sebastian ARENDT
Yahya MOTEMANI SHARABIANI
Siyamak MEMAR JAVID
Valentin SCHULZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority to CN202480025349.2A priority Critical patent/CN120957869A/en
Publication of WO2024223925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024223925A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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    • B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
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    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the technical field of pane production and relates to a composite pane with an electrically switchable mirror element and reduced light transmission.
  • the invention also extends to the use of the composite pane according to the invention.
  • the interior of a motor vehicle or a building can heat up considerably in summer when the ambient temperature is high and there is intense direct sunlight.
  • the savings can also increase the range. Infrared radiation and radiation in the visible wavelength range (light) are primarily responsible for heating up the interior.
  • windows with emissivity-reducing coatings are known, which are also referred to as low-E coatings and have reflective properties against thermal radiation.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating prevents the thermal radiation emanating from the heated window from entering the interior. In addition, some of the infrared solar radiation is reflected.
  • the coating reduces the heat transfer from the heated interior via the window into the outside environment. Overall, thermal comfort is improved by such a window with reduced emissivity.
  • Windows with emissivity-reducing coatings are used in the vehicle sector, in particular as roof windows. Emissivity-reducing coatings suitable for this purpose are known, for example, from EP2141135A1, WO2011/105991 A1, WO2013/131667 A1 and WO2018/206236 A1.
  • Silver-based layers are also used to reflect IR radiation, particularly in the near infrared range.
  • IR radiation particularly in the near infrared range.
  • silver-based layers are applied to the interior surface (side II) of the outer pane and Emissivity-reducing layers are applied in combination to the interior surface (side IV) of the inner pane.
  • tinted thermoplastic intermediate layers and/or tinted panes are used to reduce light transmission.
  • tinted intermediate layers and tinted panes can heat up considerably due to solar radiation and thus increase the energy input into an interior through the emitted thermal radiation.
  • tinted elements can sometimes become so hot that contact with a part of the body can cause burns.
  • electrically switchable, light-reflecting functional films it would also be possible to use electrically switchable, light-reflecting functional films.
  • emissivity-reducing layers have the disadvantage that they provide the window with a certain amount of light reflection on the interior side, especially at flat reflection angles. This can lead to disturbing effects.
  • the display of the navigation system or other electronic displays can be reflected on the roof window, which can be disturbing for people in the back seat. The same naturally applies to light-reflecting functional films.
  • JP 2006106343 A and JP 2006267670 A each show a composite pane with an electrically switchable mirror element.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above and to provide an improved composite pane, through which the energy input into the interior is reduced and, in addition, there is less light reflection on the interior side.
  • the composite pane should be able to be produced by a cost-effective, industrially applicable process, whereby the composite pane should be of high quality and long-term stability.
  • the invention shows a composite pane which is intended for installation in an opening of a vehicle or building and serves to separate an interior space from an external environment.
  • the composite pane comprises an outer pane with a surface facing the external environment (side I) and a surface facing the interior (side II), as well as an inner pane with a surface facing the external environment (side III) and a surface facing the interior (side VI).
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are firmly connected to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the composite pane has an electrically switchable mirror element with light-reflecting properties between the outer pane and the inner pane, through which light incident on the composite pane from the external environment, i.e. radiation in the visible wavelength range, can be reflected.
  • the mirror element can typically also reflect light incident on the composite pane from the interior, whereby according to the invention the incidence of light from the external environment is essential in order to reduce the energy input into the interior.
  • the mirror element is suitable and intended to reflect light incident on the mirror element from the external environment.
  • the mirror element serves to reflect light incident on the mirror element from the external environment.
  • the subject matter of the invention therefore relates to a composite pane with an electrically switchable mirror element for reflecting light incident from the external environment.
  • the composite pane can be divided by the electrically switchable mirror element into a first area containing the outer pane on the side of the mirror element facing the outside environment and a second area containing the inner pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior.
  • first area can also be referred to as the outer area and the second area as the inner area of the composite pane.
  • the first area comprises all components of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the outside environment, with the exception of an opaque masking layer (black print).
  • the second area comprises all components of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior.
  • the composite pane according to the invention is generally designed such that it has a light transmission of more than 70% in the first region and a light transmission of a maximum of 70% in the second region.
  • all components of the composite pane in the first region or second region must be taken into account, i.e. the light transmission in the first region is the total light transmission of all components of the composite pane in the first region and the light transmission in the second region is the total light transmission of all components of the composite pane in the second region.
  • the composite pane has different light transmissions on both sides of the electrically switchable mirror element, with the light transmission being lower in the second region of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior than in the first region of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the outside environment.
  • the composite pane has a tinted (colored) thermoplastic intermediate layer and/or a tinted (colored) inner pane and/or a (dark) transmission-reducing coating produced by deposition in the second region to reduce light transmission.
  • the transmission-reducing coating is preferably deposited on the inner pane.
  • the composite pane has a non-tinted outer pane and/or a non-tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region.
  • the outer pane and/or a thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region are advantageously clear, ie non-tinted or uncolored.
  • the composite pane has a tinted outer pane and/or a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can, for example, have a lower tint in the first area than the inner pane and/or the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second area.
  • the invention advantageously allows the energy input into the interior in the visible wavelength range to be reduced by the electrically switchable mirror element.
  • the reduced light transmission in the second area of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior means that undesirable light reflections on the interior side can be avoided.
  • the composite pane is designed such that it has a light transmission of more than 80% in the first area and at the same time a light transmission of a maximum of 50%, preferably a maximum of 30% and particularly preferably a maximum of 10% in the second area.
  • a light transmission of a maximum of 50% preferably a maximum of 30% and particularly preferably a maximum of 10% in the second area.
  • the composite pane is designed such that it has a total light transmission (TL) of a maximum of 65%, preferably a maximum of 50%, particularly preferably a maximum of 30%, and most particularly preferably a maximum of 15%.
  • TL total light transmission
  • TTS Total Transferred Solar Energy refers to the heat input by radiation at visible and non-visible wavelengths.
  • the electrically switchable mirror element is flat and extends over a substantial part of the surface of the composite pane, for example at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80% or at least 90% of the surface of the composite pane.
  • the electrically switchable mirror element is designed in such a way that it can be switched into a (light) non-reflective state or a (light) reflective state.
  • the electrically switchable mirror element is advantageously designed so that at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the incident (visible) light is reflected.
  • a "reflective state” is also understood to mean a semi-reflective state in which only a portion of the incident visible light is reflected.
  • the electrically switchable mirror element is a prefabricated electrically switchable functional element (no coating) which is designed in such a way that it can be electrically switched into a (light) non-reflective state or a (light) reflective state by applying a corresponding operating voltage.
  • Electrically switchable functional elements of this type are typically in film form and can be easily laminated into a composite pane.
  • the electrically switchable functional element or functional film can, for example, be arranged in a thermoplastic film which surrounds the functional element in the form of a frame in the manner of a passpartout in order to avoid local height differences in the laminate and undesirable forces on the electrically switchable functional element.
  • Prefabricated electrically switchable functional elements based on liquid crystals in film form are commercially available (e.g. from Kent Optronics).
  • the electrically switchable functional element in film form is arranged between a thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region and a thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second region, the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second region having a tint.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region has no tint or at least a lesser tint than the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second region.
  • the electrically switchable functional element is therefore embedded between two thermoplastic intermediate layers of different tints, the electrically switchable functional element can also be arranged in a frame-shaped surrounding thermoplastic intermediate layer. This measure has the advantage that the thermoplastic intermediate layer used to laminate the electrically switchable functional element in the second region is simultaneously used to reduce the light transmission in the second region.
  • the inner pane can have a tint, while the outer pane is clear or at least has a lesser tint than the inner pane.
  • the electrically switchable mirror element is in the form of an electrically switchable functional coating which is designed such that it can be switched into a (light) non-reflective state or a (light) reflective state by applying a corresponding operating voltage.
  • electrically switchable functional coatings are known in the art (see e.g. AIST, Japan) and are based e.g. on a Mg-Ni alloy as an electrically switchable mirror layer.
  • the electrically switchable functional coating is applied to the inner pane by deposition, preferably on the surface of the inner pane facing the outside (side III).
  • a (dark) transmission-reducing coating is applied to the inside of the electrically switchable functional coating.
  • the electrically switchable functional coating is arranged on the transmission-reducing coating.
  • the transmission-reducing coating is deposited on the surface of the inner pane facing the outside (side III) and the electrically switchable functional coating is deposited on the transmission-reducing coating.
  • the transmission-reducing coating is based, for example, on titanium nitride and/or titanium carbide or is an amorphous carbon layer.
  • the transmission-reducing coating is typically applied to the entire surface of the inner pane, possibly with the exception of a peripheral edge area and/or other locally limited areas that can be used for data transmission, for example.
  • the coated portion of the surface of the inner pane is preferably at least 90%.
  • an emissivity-reducing coating is applied to the inner pane, preferably on the surface of the inner pane facing the interior (side IV). This advantageously reduces the energy input into the interior through IR radiation.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating can also be referred to as a heat radiation reflecting coating or low-E coating. Emissivity is the measure that indicates how much heat radiation the pane emits into an interior in the installed position compared to an ideal heat radiator (i.e. a black body).
  • the emissivity-reducing coating has the function of preventing heat from radiating into the interior (IR components of solar radiation and in particular the thermal radiation of the laminated pane itself) and also the radiation of heat from the interior. It has reflective properties against infrared radiation, in particular against thermal radiation in the spectral range of 5 - 50 pm (cf. standard DIN EN 12898:2019-06).
  • the emissivity-reducing coating contains at least one layer of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), for example based on indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO 2 :F) or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO 2 :Sb).
  • TCO transparent conductive oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • IZO indium zinc mixed oxide
  • AZO aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • GZO gallium-doped zinc oxide
  • FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • SnO 2 :F antimony-doped tin oxide
  • ATO SnO 2 :Sb
  • the emissivity-reducing coating is typically applied to the entire surface of the inner pane, possibly with the exception of a peripheral edge area and/or other locally limited areas that can be used for data transmission, for example.
  • the coated portion of the surface of the inner pane is preferably at least 90%.
  • an IR-reflecting coating is preferably applied to the surface of the outer pane facing the interior, whereby the energy input into the interior can be (further) reduced.
  • the light transmission in the second region of the composite pane is lower than in the first region of the composite pane.
  • Light is understood to mean the visible spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm.
  • the measurement of the total light transmission (TL) of the composite pane and the reflected portion of light is carried out in accordance with DIN ISO 5033 (old standard) or DIN EN ISO/CIE 11664 (new standard).
  • the determination of the transmitted portion of light is carried out in a transparent view, the determination of the reflected portion of light in a top view.
  • a standard light source e.g. light source A, D65
  • the light source is arranged on one side of the composite pane and a light sensor on the other side of the composite pane.
  • the The quotient of the intensity of the reflected light to the intensity of the incident light is determined.
  • the light source and the light sensor are arranged on the same side of the composite pane.
  • the light transmission of the first area or the second area of the composite pane is determined in an analogous manner, whereby the first area or the second area of the composite pane is examined separately instead of the composite pane.
  • the first pane and the second pane of the composite pane can in principle have any chemical composition known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the two panes preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass or aluminosilicate glass. It is also conceivable that the two panes contain or consist of a clear plastic, preferably a rigid clear plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the composite pane contains or consists of glass.
  • the thickness of each individual pane of the composite pane can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, panes with standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 25 mm and preferably 0.5 mm to 5 mm are used. The size of the panes can vary widely and depends on their use.
  • the composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape and can be planar or curved in one or more directions of space.
  • the two panes of the composite pane are firmly connected to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, which is produced by laminating the two panes with one or more adhesive films.
  • Each adhesive film preferably contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB.
  • the thickness of an adhesive film is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • Vacuum lamination is particularly well-known and common, in which lamination takes place in a heated and evacuatable chamber. within, for example, around 60 minutes at a reduced pressure of, for example, 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of, for example, 80°C to 170°C.
  • Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes work, for example, at around 200 mbar and, for example, 130°C to 145°C.
  • pressing takes place in a calender between at least one pair of rollers or one roller and a solid base. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, between 40°C and 150°C. This is well known in the art, so it does not need to be discussed in more detail here.
  • the invention also extends to the use of the composite pane according to the invention in buildings or in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a roof window, rear window and/or side window.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates, by means of a schematic cross-sectional view, a first embodiment of the composite pane 1, which is intended to be inserted into an opening of a motor vehicle or building, where it separates an interior space INT from the external environment AMB.
  • the composite pane 1 is, for example, the roof pane of a motor vehicle.
  • the composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3, which are firmly connected to one another via three thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', 4".
  • the outer pane 2 has a surface I facing the outside environment and a surface II facing the interior.
  • the inner pane 3 also has a surface III facing the outside environment and a surface IV facing the interior.
  • the outside surface I of the outer pane 2 and the interior surface IV of the inner pane are the exposed surfaces of the composite pane, with surface I facing the outside environment in the installed position and surface IV facing the interior of the vehicle or building.
  • the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are, for example, panes made of soda-lime glass, each with a thickness of 2.1 mm.
  • the outer pane 2 is preferably not tinted.
  • the intermediate layers 4, 4', 4" are formed, for example, by films made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
  • An emissivity-reducing coating 5 (low-E coating) is applied to the exposed interior surface IV of the inner pane 3.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating 5 improves thermal comfort in the interior by reflecting heat radiation from the pane and parts of the sun's radiation at high outside temperatures and reducing the cooling of the interior at low outside temperatures.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating 5 is based on ITO, for example.
  • the composite pane 1 contains an electrically switchable mirror element between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 in the form of an electrically switchable functional film 6 based on liquid crystals, which can be switched into a light-non-reflecting state or into a light-reflecting state by applying a suitable operating voltage.
  • the electrically switchable functional film 6 allows the composite pane to be divided, at least conceptually, into a first area 7 and a second area 8, with the first area 7 being on the side of the electrically switchable functional film facing the external environment.
  • switchable functional film 6 and the second area 8 is located on the side of the electrically switchable functional film 6 facing the interior.
  • the electrically switchable functional film 6 is embedded between the two thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', whereby the electrically switchable functional film 6 is additionally surrounded by a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4" in the manner of a paspartout.
  • the electrically switchable functional film 6 is inserted into an opening or breakthrough in the surrounding intermediate layer 4" (intermediate film). It is understood that the thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', 4" fuse during lamination. These are provided in the usual way in film form before lamination.
  • the electrically switchable functional film 6 has two connection electrodes (busbars) 10, through which an operating voltage can be applied to switch the functional film.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is located in the first region 7, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4' in the second region 8.
  • sealing material 11 which prevents diffusion processes.
  • the composite pane 1 comprises an IR-reflective coating 9 on the interior surface II of the outer pane 2, which is based on silver, for example. De-coated or coating-free areas are possible in order to enable the passage of radio signals.
  • the composite pane 1 has a maximum light transmission of 70% in the second area 8 and a light transmission of more than 70% in the first area 7, i.e. the light transmission in the second area 8 is lower than the light transmission in the first area 7. This is achieved by a correspondingly strong tint of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4' in the second area 8.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 in the first area 7, on the other hand, is not tinted (clear) or has at least a lower tint than the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4' in the second area 8. It would also be possible for the inner pane 3 to have a corresponding tint in addition or as an alternative.
  • the outer pane 2 is clear and has no tint.
  • the composite pane 1 is further provided with a black print 12 on the interior surface II of the outer pane 2, which conceals the connections, sealing material and the like located underneath.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • an electrically switchable functional coating 13 of the inner pane 3 is provided.
  • the electrically switchable functional coating 13 is deposited on the surface III of the inner pane 3 facing the external environment, for example by sputtering.
  • a transmission-reducing coating 14 which is based on titanium nitride and/or titanium carbide or is an amorphous carbon layer, for example.
  • the transmission-reducing coating 14 is first deposited on the surface III of the inner pane 3 facing the external environment, for example by sputtering, followed by deposition of the electrically switchable functional coating 13 on the transmission-reducing coating 14, for example by sputtering.
  • the electrically switchable functional coating 13 can be switched into a light-non-reflecting state or into a light-reflecting state by applying a suitable operating voltage.
  • the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are only connected to each other by a clear (non-tinted) intermediate layer 4.
  • the composite pane 1 has a light transmission of a maximum of 70% in the second area 8 and a light transmission of more than 70% in the first area 7, ie the light transmission in the second area 8 is lower than the light transmission in the first area 7. This is achieved by the transmission-reducing coating 14.
  • the inner pane 3 can have a corresponding tint.
  • the composite pane 1 of the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 can optionally be brought into a state with light-reflecting properties, with the first area 7 having a lower tint than the second area 8, so that a relatively large proportion of the incident sunlight is reflected. Undesirable reflections on the interior side can be avoided by the strong reduction in transmission in the second area 8.
  • the total heat input by radiation in the visible and non-visible wavelength range (TTS) of the composite pane 1 is approximately 6%, which corresponds to a reduction of approximately 50% compared to conventional roof windows.
  • the electrically switchable functional film 6 and the electrically switchable functional coating 13 can be designed in segments.
  • the invention provides a novel composite pane which reduces the energy input into the interior of a motor vehicle or building by means of a strong reflection of visible light and also avoids adverse effects in relation to interior reflections.
  • the composite pane can be manufactured in a simple manner using standard processes in the industrial series production of composite panes.
  • the composite pane can be produced simply, inexpensively and with high quality.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a laminated pane (1) for separating an interior from an outer environment, comprising an outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3) which are rigidly interconnected by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4, 4', 4''), wherein the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) each have a surface facing the outer environment and a surface facing the interior, wherein an electrically switchable mirror element (6, 13) is disposed between the outer pane and the inner pane, and wherein the laminated pane is designed such that it has a light transmittance of more than 70% in a first region (7) on the side of the mirror element (6, 13) facing the outer environment, and a light transmittance of at most 70% in a second region (8) on the side of the mirror element (6, 13) facing the interior.

Description

Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch schaltbarem Spiegelelement und verminderter Lichttransmission Composite pane with electrically switchable mirror element and reduced light transmission

Die vorliegende Erfindung liegt auf dem technischen Gebiet der Scheibenfertigung und betrifft eine Verbundscheibe mit einem elektrisch schaltbaren Spiegelelement und verminderter Lichttransmission. Die Erfindung erstreckt sich ferner auf die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe. The present invention is in the technical field of pane production and relates to a composite pane with an electrically switchable mirror element and reduced light transmission. The invention also extends to the use of the composite pane according to the invention.

Der Innenraum eines Kraftfahrzeugs oder eines Gebäudes kann sich im Sommer bei hohen Umgebungstemperaturen und intensiver direkter Sonneneinstrahlung stark erwärmen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Reduzierung von CO2-Emissionen ist die Verminderung der Aufheizung durch direkte Sonneneinstrahlung in einem Fahrzeug oder Gebäude wünschenswert, da hierdurch Energie zur Kühlung des Innenraums eingespart werden kann. In Elektrofahrzeugen kann durch die Einsparung auch die Reichweite erhöht werden. Für die Aufheizung des Innenraums ist maßgeblich Infrarot-Strahlung und Strahlung im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich (Licht) verantwortlich. The interior of a motor vehicle or a building can heat up considerably in summer when the ambient temperature is high and there is intense direct sunlight. In order to reduce CO2 emissions, it is desirable to reduce the heating up of a vehicle or building due to direct sunlight, as this saves energy for cooling the interior. In electric vehicles, the savings can also increase the range. Infrared radiation and radiation in the visible wavelength range (light) are primarily responsible for heating up the interior.

Um diesem Problem zu begegnen, sind Scheiben mit emissivitätsmindernden Beschichtungen bekannt, die auch als Low-E-Beschichtungen bezeichnet werden und reflektierende Eigenschaften gegenüber Wärmestrahlung aufweisen. Bei hohen Außentemperaturen verhindert die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung, dass die von der erwärmten Scheibe ausgehende Wärmestrahlung in den Innenraum gelangt. Außerdem wird ein Teil der infraroten Sonnenstrahlung reflektiert. Bei geringen Außentemperaturen verringert die Beschichtung den Wärmetransfer vom beheizten Innenraum über die Scheibe in die äußere Umgebung. Insgesamt wird der thermische Komfort durch eine solche Scheibe mit verminderter Emissivität verbessert. Scheiben mit emissivitätsmindernden Beschichtungen werden im Fahrzeugbereich eingesetzt, insbesondere als Dachscheiben. Hierfür geeignete emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtungen sind beispielsweise bekannt aus EP2141135A1 , WO2011/105991 A1 , WO2013/131667 A1 und WO2018/206236 A1. To counteract this problem, windows with emissivity-reducing coatings are known, which are also referred to as low-E coatings and have reflective properties against thermal radiation. At high outside temperatures, the emissivity-reducing coating prevents the thermal radiation emanating from the heated window from entering the interior. In addition, some of the infrared solar radiation is reflected. At low outside temperatures, the coating reduces the heat transfer from the heated interior via the window into the outside environment. Overall, thermal comfort is improved by such a window with reduced emissivity. Windows with emissivity-reducing coatings are used in the vehicle sector, in particular as roof windows. Emissivity-reducing coatings suitable for this purpose are known, for example, from EP2141135A1, WO2011/105991 A1, WO2013/131667 A1 and WO2018/206236 A1.

Für die Reflexion von IR-Strahlung, hier insbesondere im Bereich des nahen Infrarots, werden auch Silber-basierte Schichten eingesetzt. Beispielsweise werden in Verbundscheiben Silberbasierte Schichten auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche (Seite II) der Außenscheibe und emissivitätsmindernde Schichten auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche (Seite IV) der Innenscheibe in Kombination aufgebracht. Silver-based layers are also used to reflect IR radiation, particularly in the near infrared range. For example, in composite panes, silver-based layers are applied to the interior surface (side II) of the outer pane and Emissivity-reducing layers are applied in combination to the interior surface (side IV) of the inner pane.

Durch diese Maßnahmen kann auf die Verbundscheibe auftreffende IR-Strahlung reflektiert und blockiert werden, wodurch der Energieeintrag in den Innenraum vermindert wird. These measures allow IR radiation hitting the laminated pane to be reflected and blocked, thereby reducing the energy input into the interior.

Neben IR-Strahlung hat auch Strahlung im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich (d.h. Licht) erheblichen Einfluß auf den Energieeintrag in den Innenraum. Dies läßt sich oftmals auch nicht vermeiden, da eine minimale Transparenz der Scheibe für Licht gewünscht oder gesetzlich erforderlich sein kann. Wie fachbekannt ist, können ca. 44% des Energieeintrags in einen Innenraum von sichtbarem Licht verursacht sein. Um die Lichttransmission zu vermindern, kommen getönte thermoplastische Zwischenschichten und/oder getönte Scheiben zur Anwendung. Jedoch können sich getönte Zwischenschichten und getönte Scheiben durch Sonneneinstrahlung stark erhitzen und somit den Energieeintrag in einen Innenraum durch die emittierte Wärmestrahlung erhöhen. Wie die Praxis gezeigt hat, können getönte Elemente mitunter so heiß werden, dass bei Berührung mit einem Körperteil auch Verbrennungen möglich sind. Für eine Verbesserung der lichtreflektierenden Eigenschaft von Verbundscheiben wäre auch die Verwendung von elektrisch schaltbaren, lichtreflektierenden Funktionsfolien möglich. In addition to IR radiation, radiation in the visible wavelength range (i.e. light) also has a significant influence on the energy input into the interior. This is often unavoidable, as a minimum transparency of the pane for light may be desired or required by law. As is known in the art, around 44% of the energy input into an interior can be caused by visible light. Tinted thermoplastic intermediate layers and/or tinted panes are used to reduce light transmission. However, tinted intermediate layers and tinted panes can heat up considerably due to solar radiation and thus increase the energy input into an interior through the emitted thermal radiation. As practice has shown, tinted elements can sometimes become so hot that contact with a part of the body can cause burns. To improve the light-reflecting properties of composite panes, it would also be possible to use electrically switchable, light-reflecting functional films.

Generell weisen emissivitätsmindernde Schichten den Nachteil auf, dass sie die Scheibe mit einer gewissen innenraumseitigen Lichtreflexion versehen, insbesondere unter flachen Reflexionswinkeln. Dies kann zu störenden Effekten führen. So können sich beispielsweise die Anzeige des Navigationssystems oder sonstiger elektronischer Anzeigen an der Dachscheibe spiegeln, was für Personen auf der Rückbank störend wirken kann. Entsprechendes gilt naturgemäß auch für lichtreflektierende Funktionsfolien. In general, emissivity-reducing layers have the disadvantage that they provide the window with a certain amount of light reflection on the interior side, especially at flat reflection angles. This can lead to disturbing effects. For example, the display of the navigation system or other electronic displays can be reflected on the roof window, which can be disturbing for people in the back seat. The same naturally applies to light-reflecting functional films.

DE 1596815 A1 , JP 2006106343 A und JP 2006267670 A zeigen jeweils eine Verbundscheibe mit einem elektrisch schaltbaren Spiegelelement. DE 1596815 A1, JP 2006106343 A and JP 2006267670 A each show a composite pane with an electrically switchable mirror element.

Demgegenüber besteht die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, die vorstehend genannten Nachteile zu vermeiden und eine verbesserte Verbundscheibe bereitzustellen, durch welche der Energieeintrag in den Innenraum vermindert wird und zudem eine geringere innenraumseitige Lichtreflexion auftritt. Außerdem soll die Verbundscheibe durch ein kostengünstiges, industriell anwendbares Verfahren bereitgestellt werden können, wobei die Verbundscheibe hochqualitativ und langzeitstabil sein soll. Diese und weitere Aufgaben werden nach dem Vorschlag der Erfindung durch eine Verbund- schiebe mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. In contrast, the object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above and to provide an improved composite pane, through which the energy input into the interior is reduced and, in addition, there is less light reflection on the interior side. In addition, the composite pane should be able to be produced by a cost-effective, industrially applicable process, whereby the composite pane should be of high quality and long-term stability. These and other objects are achieved according to the proposal of the invention by a composite sliding door with the features of the independent patent claim. Preferred embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung zeigt eine Verbundscheibe, die zum Einbau in eine Öffnung eines Fahrzeugs oder Gebäudes vorgesehen ist und zur Abtrennung eines Innenraums von einer äußeren Umgebung dient. The invention shows a composite pane which is intended for installation in an opening of a vehicle or building and serves to separate an interior space from an external environment.

Die Verbundscheibe umfasst eine Außenscheibe mit einer der äußeren Umgebung zugewandten Oberfläche (Seite I) und einer dem Innenraum zugewandten Oberfläche (Seite II), sowie eine Innenscheibe mit einer der äußeren Umgebung zugewandten Oberfläche (Seite III) und einer dem Innenraum zugewandten Oberfläche (Seite VI). Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe sind durch mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht fest miteinander verbunden. Weiterhin weist die Verbundscheibe zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe ein elektrisch schaltbares Spiegelelement mit lichtreflektierender Eigenschaft auf, durch welches von der äußeren Umgebung auf die Verbundscheibe einfallendes Licht, d.h. Strahlung im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich, reflektiert werden kann. Durch das Spiegelelement kann typischerweise auch vom Innenraum auf die Verbundscheibe einfallendes Licht reflektiert werden, wobei es erfindungsgemäß wesentlich auf den Lichteinfall von der äußeren Umgebung ankommt, um den Energieeintrag in den Innenraum zu reduzieren. Das Spiegelelement ist geeignet und bestimmt, von der äußeren Umgebung auf das Spiegelelement einfallendes Licht zu reflektieren. Mit anderen Worten, das Spiegelelement dient zum Reflektieren von Licht, das von der äußeren Umgebung auf das Spiegelelement einfällt. Mithin bezieht sich der Gegenstand der Erfindung auf eine Verbundscheibe mit einem elektrisch schaltbaren Spiegelelement zum Reflektieren von Licht, das von der äußeren Umgebung einfällt. The composite pane comprises an outer pane with a surface facing the external environment (side I) and a surface facing the interior (side II), as well as an inner pane with a surface facing the external environment (side III) and a surface facing the interior (side VI). The outer pane and the inner pane are firmly connected to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer. Furthermore, the composite pane has an electrically switchable mirror element with light-reflecting properties between the outer pane and the inner pane, through which light incident on the composite pane from the external environment, i.e. radiation in the visible wavelength range, can be reflected. The mirror element can typically also reflect light incident on the composite pane from the interior, whereby according to the invention the incidence of light from the external environment is essential in order to reduce the energy input into the interior. The mirror element is suitable and intended to reflect light incident on the mirror element from the external environment. In other words, the mirror element serves to reflect light incident on the mirror element from the external environment. The subject matter of the invention therefore relates to a composite pane with an electrically switchable mirror element for reflecting light incident from the external environment.

Die Verbundscheibe kann durch das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement in einen die Außenscheibe enthaltenden ersten Bereich auf der der äußeren Umgebung zugewandten Seite des Spiegelelements und in einen die Innenscheibe enthaltenden zweiten Bereich auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Seite des Spiegelelements unterteilt werden. Die Benennung der beiden Bereiche der Verbundscheibe als "erster Bereich" und "zweiter Bereich" dient lediglich zur einfacheren Unterscheidung. Der erste Bereich kann auch als äußerer Bereich, der zweite Bereich als innerer Bereich der Verbundscheibe bezeichnet werden. Der erste Bereich umfasst sämtliche Bestandteile der Verbundscheibe auf der der äußeren Umgebung zugewandten Seite des Spiegelelements, mit Ausnahme einer opaken Maskierungsschicht (Schwarzdruck). In entsprechender Weise umfasst der zweite Bereich sämtliche Bestandteile der Verbundscheibe auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Seite des Spiegelelements. The composite pane can be divided by the electrically switchable mirror element into a first area containing the outer pane on the side of the mirror element facing the outside environment and a second area containing the inner pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior. The naming of the two areas of the composite pane as "first area" and "second area" is merely for easier differentiation. The first area can also be referred to as the outer area and the second area as the inner area of the composite pane. The first area comprises all components of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the outside environment, with the exception of an opaque masking layer (black print). In a corresponding manner, the second area comprises all components of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior.

Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe ist in allgemeiner Weise so ausgebildet, dass sie im ersten Bereich eine Lichttransmission von mehr als 70% und im zweiten Bereich eine Lichttransmission von maximal 70% aufweist. Für die Lichttransmission sind sämtliche Bestandteile der Verbundscheibe im ersten Bereich bzw. zweiten Bereich zu berücksichtigen, d.h. die Lichttransmission im ersten Bereich ist die summarische Lichttransmission sämtlicher Bestandteile der Verbundscheibe im ersten Bereich und die Lichttransmission im zweiten Bereich ist die summarische Lichttransmission sämtlicher Bestandteile der Verbundscheibe im zweiten Bereich. Demnach weist die Verbundscheibe auf beiden Seiten des elektrisch schaltbaren Spiegelelements verschiedene Lichttransmissionen auf, wobei im zweiten Bereich der Verbundscheibe auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Seite des Spiegelelements die Lichttransmission geringer ist als im ersten Bereich der Verbundscheibe auf der der äußeren Umgebung zugewandten Seite des Spiegelelements. The composite pane according to the invention is generally designed such that it has a light transmission of more than 70% in the first region and a light transmission of a maximum of 70% in the second region. For the light transmission, all components of the composite pane in the first region or second region must be taken into account, i.e. the light transmission in the first region is the total light transmission of all components of the composite pane in the first region and the light transmission in the second region is the total light transmission of all components of the composite pane in the second region. Accordingly, the composite pane has different light transmissions on both sides of the electrically switchable mirror element, with the light transmission being lower in the second region of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior than in the first region of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the outside environment.

Dem Fachmann sind Mittel zur Verminderung der Lichttransmission in einer Verbundscheibe an sich bekannt. Means for reducing the light transmission in a composite pane are known to those skilled in the art.

In einer Ausführungsform weist die Verbundscheibe im zweiten Bereich zur Verminderung der Lichttransmission eine getönte (gefärbte) thermoplastische Zwischenschicht und/oder eine getönte (gefärbte) Innenscheibe und/oder eine durch Abscheidung hergestellte (dunkle) transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung auf. Die transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung ist vorzugsweise auf der Innenscheibe abgeschieden. In one embodiment, the composite pane has a tinted (colored) thermoplastic intermediate layer and/or a tinted (colored) inner pane and/or a (dark) transmission-reducing coating produced by deposition in the second region to reduce light transmission. The transmission-reducing coating is preferably deposited on the inner pane.

In einer Ausführungsform weist die Verbundscheibe im ersten Bereich eine nicht-getönte Außenscheibe und/oder eine nicht-getönte thermoplastische Zwischenschicht auf. Vorteilhaft sind die Außenscheibe und/oder eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht im ersten Bereich klar, d.h. nicht-getönt bzw. ungefärbt. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform weist die Verbundscheibe im ersten Bereich eine getönte Außenscheibe und/oder eine getönte thermoplastische Zwischenschicht auf. Die getönte Außenscheibe und/oder die getönte thermoplas- tische Zwischenschicht können im ersten Bereich beispielsweise eine geringere Tönung aufweisen als die Innenscheibe und/oder die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht im zweiten Bereich. In one embodiment, the composite pane has a non-tinted outer pane and/or a non-tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region. The outer pane and/or a thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region are advantageously clear, ie non-tinted or uncolored. In an alternative embodiment, the composite pane has a tinted outer pane and/or a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region. The tinted outer pane and/or the tinted thermoplastic The thermoplastic intermediate layer can, for example, have a lower tint in the first area than the inner pane and/or the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second area.

Durch die Erfindung kann in vorteilhafter Weise durch das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement der Energieeintrag in den Innenraum im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich vermindert werden. Zudem können durch die verminderte Lichttransmission im zweiten Bereich der Verbundscheibe auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Seite des Spiegelelements unerwünschte innenraumseitige Lichtreflexionen vermieden werden. Dies sind große Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe. The invention advantageously allows the energy input into the interior in the visible wavelength range to be reduced by the electrically switchable mirror element. In addition, the reduced light transmission in the second area of the composite pane on the side of the mirror element facing the interior means that undesirable light reflections on the interior side can be avoided. These are major advantages of the composite pane according to the invention.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Verbundscheibe so ausgebildet, dass sie im ersten Bereich eine Lichttransmission von mehr als 80% und zugleich im zweiten Bereich eine Lichttransmission von maximal 50%, vorzugsweise maximal 30% und insbesondere bevorzugt maximal 10% aufweist. Durch diese Maßnahme kann einerseits eine besonders effektive Lichtreflexion von von außen einfallendem Licht erfolgen, andererseits können durch die stark verminderte Lichttransmission im zweiten Bereich innenraumseitige Lichtreflexionen besonders wirksam unterbunden werden. In one embodiment of the invention, the composite pane is designed such that it has a light transmission of more than 80% in the first area and at the same time a light transmission of a maximum of 50%, preferably a maximum of 30% and particularly preferably a maximum of 10% in the second area. This measure enables particularly effective light reflection of light coming in from outside, and on the other hand, the greatly reduced light transmission in the second area means that light reflections on the interior side can be particularly effectively prevented.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Verbundscheibe so ausgebildet, dass sie ein Gesamttransmission für Licht (TL) von maximal 65%, bevorzugt von maximal 50%, besonders bevorzugt von maximal 30%, und ganz besonders bevorzugt von maximal 15% aufweist. Beispielsweise weist eine dunkle Dachscheibe mit TL = 7% + IR reflektierende (Ag) Schicht + LowE Schicht auf Seite IV eine TTS von ca. 12-13% auf (ohne Reflexion im sichtbaren Bereich). Mit TTS (Total Transferred Solar Energy) wird der Wärmeeintrag durch Strahlung bei sichtbaren und nichtsichtbaren Wellenlängen bezeichnet. In one embodiment of the invention, the composite pane is designed such that it has a total light transmission (TL) of a maximum of 65%, preferably a maximum of 50%, particularly preferably a maximum of 30%, and most particularly preferably a maximum of 15%. For example, a dark roof pane with TL = 7% + IR reflective (Ag) layer + LowE layer on side IV has a TTS of approx. 12-13% (without reflection in the visible range). TTS (Total Transferred Solar Energy) refers to the heat input by radiation at visible and non-visible wavelengths.

Das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement ist flächig ausgebildet und erstreckt sich über einen wesentlichen Teil der Fläche der Verbundscheibe, beispielsweise mindestens 35%, mindestens 40%, mindestens 60%, mindestens 70%, mindestens 80% oder mindestens 90% der Fläche der Verbundscheibe. The electrically switchable mirror element is flat and extends over a substantial part of the surface of the composite pane, for example at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80% or at least 90% of the surface of the composite pane.

Das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement ist so ausgebildet, dass es durch Anlegen einer entsprechenden Betriebsspannung in einen (Licht) nicht-spiegelnden Zustand oder einen (Licht) spiegelnden Zustand schaltbar ist. Vorteilhaft ist das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement so ausgebildet, dass mindestens 35%, mindestens 40%, mindestens 50%, mindestens 60%, mindestens 70%, mindestens 80%, oder mindestens 90%, des auftreffenden (sichtbaren) Lichts reflektiert wird. Im Sinne vorliegender Erfindung wird als "spiegelnder Zustand" auch ein semi-spiegelnder Zustand verstanden, bei dem nur ein Teil des auftreffenden sichtbaren Lichts reflektiert wird The electrically switchable mirror element is designed in such a way that it can be switched into a (light) non-reflective state or a (light) reflective state. The electrically switchable mirror element is advantageously designed so that at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the incident (visible) light is reflected. In the sense of the present invention, a "reflective state" is also understood to mean a semi-reflective state in which only a portion of the incident visible light is reflected.

Dem Fachmann sind elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelemente an sich bekannt. In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement ein vorgefertigtes elektrisch schaltbares Funktionselement (keine Beschichtung), welche so ausgebildet ist, dass es durch Anlegen einer entsprechenden Betriebsspannung in einen (Licht) nicht-spie- gelnden Zustand oder einen (Licht) spiegelnden Zustand elektrisch schaltbar ist. Derartige elektrisch schaltbare Funktionselemente liegen typischerweise in Folienform vor und können gut in eine Verbundscheibe laminiert werden. Das elektrisch schaltbare Funktionselement bzw. Funktionsfolie kann beispielsweise in einer thermoplastischen Folie, welche das Funktionselement rahmenförmig in Art eines Passepartouts umgibt, angeordnet sein, um lokale Höhenunterschiede im Laminat und unerwünschte Krafteinwirkungen auf das elektrisch schaltbare Funktionselement zu vermeiden. Vorgefertigte elektrisch schaltbare Funktionselemente auf Flüssigkristallbasis in Folienform sind im Handel verfügbar (z.B. von Kent Optronics). Electrically switchable mirror elements are known per se to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment of the invention, the electrically switchable mirror element is a prefabricated electrically switchable functional element (no coating) which is designed in such a way that it can be electrically switched into a (light) non-reflective state or a (light) reflective state by applying a corresponding operating voltage. Electrically switchable functional elements of this type are typically in film form and can be easily laminated into a composite pane. The electrically switchable functional element or functional film can, for example, be arranged in a thermoplastic film which surrounds the functional element in the form of a frame in the manner of a passepartout in order to avoid local height differences in the laminate and undesirable forces on the electrically switchable functional element. Prefabricated electrically switchable functional elements based on liquid crystals in film form are commercially available (e.g. from Kent Optronics).

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das elektrisch schaltbare Funktionselement in Folienform zwischen einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht im ersten Bereich und einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht im zweiten Bereich angeordnet, wobei die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht im zweiten Bereich eine Tönung aufweist. Vorteilhaft weist die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht im ersten Bereich keine Tönung oder zumindest eine geringere Tönung als die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht im zweiten Bereich auf. Mithin wird das elektrisch schaltbare Funktionselement zwischen zwei thermoplastische Zwischenschichten unterschiedlicher Tönung eingebettet, wobei das elektrisch schaltbare Funktionselement zusätzlich in einer rahmenförmig umgebenden thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht angeordnet sein kann. Diese Maßnahme hat den Vorteil, dass durch die zum Laminieren des elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionselements eingesetzte thermoplastische Zwischenschicht im zweiten Bereich gleichzeitig zum Vermindern der Lichttransmission im zweiten Bereich eingesetzt wird. Ergänzend kann die Innenscheibe eine Tönung aufweisen, während die Außenscheibe klar ist oder zumindest eine geringere Tönung als die Innenscheibe aufweist. In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement in Form einer elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsbeschichtung vor, welche so ausgebildet ist, dass sie durch Anlegen einer entsprechenden Betriebsspannung in einen (Licht) nicht-spiegelnden Zustand oder einen (Licht) spiegelnden Zustand schaltbar ist. Derartige elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtungen sind fachbekannt (siehe z.B. AIST, Japan) und basieren z.B. auf einer Mg-Ni-Legierung als elektrisch schaltbarer Spiegelschicht. In one embodiment of the invention, the electrically switchable functional element in film form is arranged between a thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region and a thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second region, the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second region having a tint. Advantageously, the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the first region has no tint or at least a lesser tint than the thermoplastic intermediate layer in the second region. The electrically switchable functional element is therefore embedded between two thermoplastic intermediate layers of different tints, the electrically switchable functional element can also be arranged in a frame-shaped surrounding thermoplastic intermediate layer. This measure has the advantage that the thermoplastic intermediate layer used to laminate the electrically switchable functional element in the second region is simultaneously used to reduce the light transmission in the second region. In addition, the inner pane can have a tint, while the outer pane is clear or at least has a lesser tint than the inner pane. In one embodiment of the invention, the electrically switchable mirror element is in the form of an electrically switchable functional coating which is designed such that it can be switched into a (light) non-reflective state or a (light) reflective state by applying a corresponding operating voltage. Such electrically switchable functional coatings are known in the art (see e.g. AIST, Japan) and are based e.g. on a Mg-Ni alloy as an electrically switchable mirror layer.

Vorzugsweise ist die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtung auf die Innenscheibe durch Abscheiden aufgebracht, bevorzugt auf die dem Außenraum zugewandte Oberfläche (Seite III) der Innenscheibe. Vorzugsweise ist innenraumseitig der elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsbeschichtung eine (dunkle) transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung aufgebracht. Vorzugsweise ist die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtung auf der transmissionsmindernden Beschichtung angeordnet. Vorzugsweise ist die transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung auf der dem Außenraum zugewandten Oberfläche (Seite III) der Innenscheibe abgeschieden und die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtung ist auf der transmissionsmindernden Beschichtung abgeschieden. Preferably, the electrically switchable functional coating is applied to the inner pane by deposition, preferably on the surface of the inner pane facing the outside (side III). Preferably, a (dark) transmission-reducing coating is applied to the inside of the electrically switchable functional coating. Preferably, the electrically switchable functional coating is arranged on the transmission-reducing coating. Preferably, the transmission-reducing coating is deposited on the surface of the inner pane facing the outside (side III) and the electrically switchable functional coating is deposited on the transmission-reducing coating.

Die transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung basiert beispielsweise auf Titannitrid und/oder Ti- tancarbid oder ist eine amorphe Kohlenstoffschicht. The transmission-reducing coating is based, for example, on titanium nitride and/or titanium carbide or is an amorphous carbon layer.

Die transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung ist typischerweise vollflächig auf die Oberfläche der Innenscheibe aufgebracht, eventuell mit Ausnahme eines umlaufenden Randbereichs und/oder anderer lokal begrenzter Bereiche, die beispielsweise zur Datenübertragung dienen können. Der beschichtete Anteil der Oberfläche der Innenscheibe beträgt bevorzugt mindestens 90%. The transmission-reducing coating is typically applied to the entire surface of the inner pane, possibly with the exception of a peripheral edge area and/or other locally limited areas that can be used for data transmission, for example. The coated portion of the surface of the inner pane is preferably at least 90%.

In einer Ausführungsform ist auf die Innenscheibe eine emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung aufgebracht, bevorzugt auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Oberfläche (Seite IV) der Innenscheibe. Hierdurch kann in vorteilhafter Weise der Energieeintrag in den Innenraum durch IR-Strahlung vermindert werden. Die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung kann auch als Wärmestrahlung reflektierende Beschichtung oder Low-E-Beschichtung bezeichnet werden. Mit Emissivität wird das Maß bezeichnet, welches angibt, wieviel Wärmestrahlung die Scheibe in Einbaulage im Vergleich zu einem idealen Wärmestrahler (d.h. einem schwarzen Körper) in einen Innenraum abgibt. Die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung hat die Funktion, die Einstrahlung von Wärme in den Innenraum zu vermeiden (IR-Anteile der Sonnenstrahlung und insbesondere die thermische Strahlung der Verbundscheibe selbst) und ebenso die Abstrahlung von Wärme aus dem Innenraum heraus. Sie weist reflektierende Eigenschaften gegenüber infraroter Strahlung auf, insbesondere gegenüber Wärmestrahlung im Spektral be re ich von 5 - 50 pm (vgl. Norm DIN EN 12898:2019-06). In one embodiment, an emissivity-reducing coating is applied to the inner pane, preferably on the surface of the inner pane facing the interior (side IV). This advantageously reduces the energy input into the interior through IR radiation. The emissivity-reducing coating can also be referred to as a heat radiation reflecting coating or low-E coating. Emissivity is the measure that indicates how much heat radiation the pane emits into an interior in the installed position compared to an ideal heat radiator (i.e. a black body). The emissivity-reducing coating has the function of preventing heat from radiating into the interior (IR components of solar radiation and in particular the thermal radiation of the laminated pane itself) and also the radiation of heat from the interior. It has reflective properties against infrared radiation, in particular against thermal radiation in the spectral range of 5 - 50 pm (cf. standard DIN EN 12898:2019-06).

Vorteilhaft enthält die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung mindestens eine Schicht eines transparenten leitfähigen Oxids (TCO), beispielsweise auf Basis von Indium-Zinnoxid (ITO), Indium-Zink-Mischoxid (IZO), Aluminium-dotiertes Zinkoxid (AZO), Gallium-dotiertes Zinkoxid (GZO), Fluor-dotiertes Zinnoxid (FTO, SnO2:F) oder Antimon-dotiertes Zinnoxid (ATO, SnO2:Sb). Advantageously, the emissivity-reducing coating contains at least one layer of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), for example based on indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO 2 :F) or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO 2 :Sb).

Die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung ist typischerweise vollflächig auf die Oberfläche der Innenscheibe aufgebracht, eventuell mit Ausnahme eines umlaufenden Randbereichs und/oder anderer lokal begrenzter Bereiche, die beispielsweise zur Datenübertragung dienen können. Der beschichtete Anteil der Oberfläche der Innenscheibe beträgt bevorzugt mindestens 90%. The emissivity-reducing coating is typically applied to the entire surface of the inner pane, possibly with the exception of a peripheral edge area and/or other locally limited areas that can be used for data transmission, for example. The coated portion of the surface of the inner pane is preferably at least 90%.

Ergänzend oder alternativ ist vorzugsweise auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Oberfläche der Außenscheibe eine IR-reflektierende Beschichtung aufgebracht, wodurch der Energieeintrag in den Innenraum (weiter) verringert werden kann. In addition or as an alternative, an IR-reflecting coating is preferably applied to the surface of the outer pane facing the interior, whereby the energy input into the interior can be (further) reduced.

In der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe ist die Lichttransmission im zweiten Bereich der Verbundscheibe geringer als im ersten Bereich der Verbundscheibe. Als "Licht" wird der sichtbare Spektralbereich von 380 nm bis 780 nm verstanden. In the composite pane according to the invention, the light transmission in the second region of the composite pane is lower than in the first region of the composite pane. "Light" is understood to mean the visible spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm.

Die Messung der Gesamttransmission für Licht (TL) der Verbundscheibe sowie des reflektierten Anteils von Licht erfolgt gemäß DIN ISO 5033 (alte Norm) bzw. DIN EN ISO/CIE 11664 (neue Norm). Die Bestimmung des transmittierten Anteils von Licht erfolgt in Durchsicht, die Bestimmung des reflektierten Anteils von Licht in Aufsicht. Hierbei gelangt eine Normlichtquelle (z.B. Lichtquelle A, D65) unter in der Norm festgelegten Bedingungen zur Anwendung, wobei für die Bestimmung des Prozentwerts der Transmission der Quotient aus der Intensität des transmittierten Lichts zur Intensität des auftreffenden Lichts ermittelt wird. Hierbei wird die Lichtquelle auf einer Seite der Verbundscheibe und ein Lichtsensor auf der anderen Seite der Verbundscheibe angeordnet. Für die Bestimmung des Prozentwerts der Reflexion wird der Quotient aus der Intensität des reflektierten Lichts zur Intensität des auftreffenden Lichts ermittelt wird. Hierbei werden die Lichtquelle und der Lichtsensor auf der gleichen Seite der Verbundscheibe angeordnet. Die Bestimmung der Lichttransmission des ersten Bereichs bzw. des zweiten Bereichs der Verbundscheibe erfolgt in analoger Weise, wobei anstelle der Verbundscheibe der erste Bereich bzw. der zweite Bereich der Verbundscheibe separat untersucht wird. The measurement of the total light transmission (TL) of the composite pane and the reflected portion of light is carried out in accordance with DIN ISO 5033 (old standard) or DIN EN ISO/CIE 11664 (new standard). The determination of the transmitted portion of light is carried out in a transparent view, the determination of the reflected portion of light in a top view. A standard light source (e.g. light source A, D65) is used under conditions specified in the standard, whereby the quotient of the intensity of the transmitted light to the intensity of the incident light is determined to determine the percentage of transmission. The light source is arranged on one side of the composite pane and a light sensor on the other side of the composite pane. To determine the percentage of reflection, the The quotient of the intensity of the reflected light to the intensity of the incident light is determined. The light source and the light sensor are arranged on the same side of the composite pane. The light transmission of the first area or the second area of the composite pane is determined in an analogous manner, whereby the first area or the second area of the composite pane is examined separately instead of the composite pane.

Die erste Scheibe und die zweite Scheibe der Verbundscheibe können grundsätzlich jede dem Fachmann bekannte chemische Zusammensetzung aufweisen. Die beiden Scheiben enthalten oder bestehen bevorzugt aus Glas, besonders bevorzugt Flachglas, Floatglas, Quarzglas, Borosilikatglas, Kalk-Natron-Glas oder Aluminosilikat-Glas. Denkbar ist auch, dass die beiden Scheiben einen klaren Kunststoff, vorzugsweise ein starrer klarer Kunststoff, insbesondere Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polycarbonat, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polystyrol, Polyamid, Polyester, Polyvinylchlorid und/oder Gemische davon, enthalten oder hieraus bestehen. The first pane and the second pane of the composite pane can in principle have any chemical composition known to the person skilled in the art. The two panes preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass or aluminosilicate glass. It is also conceivable that the two panes contain or consist of a clear plastic, preferably a rigid clear plastic, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthält oder besteht die Verbundscheibe aus Glas. Die Dicke einer jeden Einzelscheibe der Verbundscheibe kann breit variieren und den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise werden Scheiben mit den Standardstärken von 0,5 mm bis 25 mm und bevorzugt von 0,5 mm bis 5 mm verwendet. Die Größe der Scheiben kann breit variieren und richtet sich nach deren Verwendung. Die Verbundscheibe kann eine beliebige dreidimensionale Form aufweisen und planar sein oder in eine oder mehrere Richtungen des Raumes gebogen sein. In one embodiment of the invention, the composite pane contains or consists of glass. The thickness of each individual pane of the composite pane can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, panes with standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 25 mm and preferably 0.5 mm to 5 mm are used. The size of the panes can vary widely and depends on their use. The composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape and can be planar or curved in one or more directions of space.

Die beiden Scheiben der Verbundscheibe sind durch mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht fest miteinander verbunden, welche sich durch Lamination der beiden Scheiben mit einer oder mehreren Klebefolien ergibt. Jede Klebefolie enthält oder besteht bevorzugt aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), thermoplastisches Polyurethan (TPU), Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, besonders bevorzugt PVB. Die Dicke einer Klebefolie beträgt bevorzugt von 0,2 mm bis 1 mm, beispielsweise 0,38 mm oder 0,76 mm. The two panes of the composite pane are firmly connected to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, which is produced by laminating the two panes with one or more adhesive films. Each adhesive film preferably contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The thickness of an adhesive film is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

Für das Laminieren der Verbundscheibe können an sich bekannte Verfahren zur Lamination von Verbundscheiben verwendet werden. Bekannt und gängig ist insbesondere die Vakuum- Lamination, bei der eine Lamination in einer beheizbaren und evakuierbaren Kammer innerhalb von beispielsweise etwa 60 Minuten bei einem verminderten Druck von z.B. 0,01 mbar bis 800 mbar und Temperaturen von z.B. 80°C bis 170°C erfolgt. An sich bekannte Vakuumsack- oder Vakuumringverfahren arbeiten beispielsweise z.B. bei etwa 200 mbar und z.B. 130 °C bis 145 °C. Bei der Walzen-Lamination erfolgt ein Verpressen in einem Kalander zwischen mindestens einem Walzenpaar oder einer Walze und einer festen Unterlage. Die Temperatur während des Pressvorgangs beträgt beispielsweise von 40 °C bis 150 °C. Dies ist fachbekannt, sodass hier nicht näher darauf eingegangen werden muss. For laminating the composite pane, known methods for laminating composite panes can be used. Vacuum lamination is particularly well-known and common, in which lamination takes place in a heated and evacuatable chamber. within, for example, around 60 minutes at a reduced pressure of, for example, 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of, for example, 80°C to 170°C. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes work, for example, at around 200 mbar and, for example, 130°C to 145°C. In roller lamination, pressing takes place in a calender between at least one pair of rollers or one roller and a solid base. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, between 40°C and 150°C. This is well known in the art, so it does not need to be discussed in more detail here.

Die Erfindung erstreckt sich auch auf die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe in Gebäuden oder in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr auf dem Lande, in der Luft oder zu Wasser, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen beispielsweise als Dachscheibe, Heckscheibe und/oder Seitenscheibe. The invention also extends to the use of the composite pane according to the invention in buildings or in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a roof window, rear window and/or side window.

Die verschiedenen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung können einzeln oder in beliebigen Kombinationen realisiert sein. Insbesondere sind die vorstehend genannten und nachstehend erläuterten Merkmale nicht nur in den angegebenen Kombinationen, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung einsetzbar, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen. The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and explained below can be used not only in the combinations given, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, wobei Bezug auf die beigefügten Figuren genommen wird. Es zeigen in vereinfachter, nicht maßstabsgetreuer Darstellung: The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments, with reference to the attached figures. They show in a simplified representation, not to scale:

Fig. 1 eine schematische Querschnittansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention,

Fig. 2 eine schematische Querschnittansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe. Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention.

Anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 werden zwei verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, welche insgesamt mit der Bezugszahl 1 bezeichnet ist, erläutert. Two different embodiments of the composite pane according to the invention, which is designated overall by the reference number 1, are explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2.

Sei zunächst die Figur 1 betrachtet. Figur 1 veranschaulicht anhand einer schematischen Querschnittansicht ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Verbundscheibe 1 , die dazu vorgesehen ist, in eine Öffnung eines Kraftfahrzeugs oder Gebäudes eingesetzt zu werden, wo sie einen Innenraum INT von der äußeren Umgebung AMB trennt. Die Verbundscheibe 1 ist beispielsweise die Dachscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Let us first consider Figure 1. Figure 1 illustrates, by means of a schematic cross-sectional view, a first embodiment of the composite pane 1, which is intended to be inserted into an opening of a motor vehicle or building, where it separates an interior space INT from the external environment AMB. The composite pane 1 is, for example, the roof pane of a motor vehicle.

Die Verbundscheibe 1 umfasst eine Außenscheibe 2 und eine Innenscheibe 3, die über drei thermoplastische Zwischenschichten 4, 4', 4" fest miteinander verbunden sind. Die Außenscheibe 2 weist eine der äußeren Umgebung zugewandte Oberfläche I und eine dem Innenraum zugewandte Oberfläche II auf. Ebenso weist die Innenscheibe 3 eine dem Außenraum zugewandte Oberfläche III und eine dem Innenraum zugewandte Oberfläche IV auf. Die außenseitige Oberfläche I der Außenscheibe 2 und die innenraumseitige Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe sind die exponierten Oberflächen der Verbundscheibe, wobei die Oberfläche I in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung zugewandt ist und die Oberfläche IV dem Innenraum des Fahrzeugs oder Gebäudes. Die Außenscheibe 2 und die Innenscheibe 3 sind beispielsweise Scheiben aus Kalk-Natron-Glas mit einer Dicke von jeweils 2,1 mm. Vorzugsweise ist die Außenscheibe 2 nicht getönt. Allerdings können auch Situationen eintreten, wo eine getönte Außenscheibe 2 vorteilhaft ist, nämlich dann, wenn die außenseitige Reflexion von Licht optisch nicht ansprechend ist. Dies ist zwar nachteilig im Hinblick auf den Wärmeeintrag (TTS), jedoch ein guter Kompromiss zwischen Reflektivität und Wärmeeintrag Die Zwischenschichten 4, 4', 4" sind beispielsweise durch Folien aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) ausgebildet. The composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3, which are firmly connected to one another via three thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', 4". The outer pane 2 has a surface I facing the outside environment and a surface II facing the interior. The inner pane 3 also has a surface III facing the outside environment and a surface IV facing the interior. The outside surface I of the outer pane 2 and the interior surface IV of the inner pane are the exposed surfaces of the composite pane, with surface I facing the outside environment in the installed position and surface IV facing the interior of the vehicle or building. The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are, for example, panes made of soda-lime glass, each with a thickness of 2.1 mm. The outer pane 2 is preferably not tinted. However, situations can also arise where a tinted outer pane 2 is advantageous, namely when the reflection of light on the outside is not visually appealing. Although this is disadvantageous in terms of heat input (TTS), it is a good compromise between reflectivity and heat input. The intermediate layers 4, 4', 4" are formed, for example, by films made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

Auf der exponierten, innenraumseitigen Oberfläche IV der Innenscheibe 3 ist eine emissivi- tätsmindernde Beschichtung 5 aufgebracht (Low-E-Beschichtung). Die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung 5 verbessert den thermischen Komfort im Innenraum, indem bei hohen Außentemperaturen Wärmestrahlung der Scheibe sowie Anteile der Sonnenstrahlung reflektiert werden und bei geringen Außentemperaturen die Auskühlung des Innenraums verringert wird. Die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung 5 basiert z.B. auf ITO. An emissivity-reducing coating 5 (low-E coating) is applied to the exposed interior surface IV of the inner pane 3. The emissivity-reducing coating 5 improves thermal comfort in the interior by reflecting heat radiation from the pane and parts of the sun's radiation at high outside temperatures and reducing the cooling of the interior at low outside temperatures. The emissivity-reducing coating 5 is based on ITO, for example.

Die Verbundscheibe 1 enthält zwischen der Außenscheibe 2 und der Innenscheibe 3 ein elektrisch schaltbares Spiegelelement in Form einer elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsfolie 6 auf Basis von Flüssigkristallen, welche durch Anlegen einer geeigneten Betriebsspannung in einen Licht nicht spiegelnden Zustand oder in einen lichtspiegelnden Zustand schaltbar ist. Durch die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsfolie 6 kann die Verbundscheibe zumindest gedanklich in einen ersten Bereich 7 und einen zweiten Bereich 8 unterteilt werden, wobei sich der erste Bereich 7 auf der der äußeren Umgebung zugewandten Seite der elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsfolie 6 und der zweite Bereich 8 auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Seite der elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsfolie 6 befindet. The composite pane 1 contains an electrically switchable mirror element between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 in the form of an electrically switchable functional film 6 based on liquid crystals, which can be switched into a light-non-reflecting state or into a light-reflecting state by applying a suitable operating voltage. The electrically switchable functional film 6 allows the composite pane to be divided, at least conceptually, into a first area 7 and a second area 8, with the first area 7 being on the side of the electrically switchable functional film facing the external environment. switchable functional film 6 and the second area 8 is located on the side of the electrically switchable functional film 6 facing the interior.

Die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsfolie 6 ist zwischen die beiden thermoplastischen Zwischenschichten 4, 4' eingebettet, wobei die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsfolie 6 zusätzlich von einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht 4" in der Art eines Passepartout umgeben ist. Die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsfolie 6 wird zu diesem Zweck in eine Öffnung bzw. Durchbrechung der umgebenden Zwischenschicht 4" (Zwischenfolie) eingesetzt. Es versteht sich, dass die thermoplastischen Zwischenschichten 4, 4', 4" beim Laminieren verschmelzen. Diese werden in üblicher Weise vor dem Laminieren in Folienform bereitgestellt. Die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsfolie 6 verfügt über zwei Anschlusselektroden (Busbars) 10, durch die eine Betriebsspannung zum Schalten der Funktionsfolie angelegt werden kann. The electrically switchable functional film 6 is embedded between the two thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', whereby the electrically switchable functional film 6 is additionally surrounded by a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4" in the manner of a passepartout. For this purpose, the electrically switchable functional film 6 is inserted into an opening or breakthrough in the surrounding intermediate layer 4" (intermediate film). It is understood that the thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', 4" fuse during lamination. These are provided in the usual way in film form before lamination. The electrically switchable functional film 6 has two connection electrodes (busbars) 10, through which an operating voltage can be applied to switch the functional film.

Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 befindet sich im ersten Bereich 7, die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4' im zweiten Bereich 8. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is located in the first region 7, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4' in the second region 8.

Zwischen der elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsfolie 6 und dem Material der thermoplastischen Zwischenschichten 4, 4', 4" befindet sich Dichtmaterial 11 , welches Diffusionsprozesse unterbindet. Between the electrically switchable functional film 6 and the material of the thermoplastic intermediate layers 4, 4', 4" there is sealing material 11 which prevents diffusion processes.

Weiterhin umfasst die Verbundscheibe 1 auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe 2 eine IR-reflektierende Beschichtung 9, welche beispielsweise auf Silber basiert. Möglich sind entschichtete oder beschichtungsfreie Bereiche, um den Durchtritt von Funksignalen zu ermöglichen. Furthermore, the composite pane 1 comprises an IR-reflective coating 9 on the interior surface II of the outer pane 2, which is based on silver, for example. De-coated or coating-free areas are possible in order to enable the passage of radio signals.

Die Verbundscheibe 1 weist im zweiten Bereich 8 eine Lichttransmission von maximal 70% und im ersten Bereich 7 eine Lichttransmission von mehr als 70% auf, d.h. die Lichttransmission im zweiten Bereich 8 ist geringer als die Lichttransmission im ersten Bereich 7. Erreicht wird dies durch eine entsprechend starke Tönung der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht 4' im zweiten Bereich 8. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 im ersten Bereich 7 hingegen ist nicht getönt (klar) oder weist eine zumindest geringere Tönung als die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4' im zweiten Bereich 8 auf. Möglich wäre auch, dass zusätzlich oder alternativ die Innenscheibe 3 eine entsprechende Tönung aufweist. Die Außenscheibe 2 ist klar und weist keine Tönung auf. Die Verbundscheibe 1 ist weiterhin mit einem Schwarzdruck 12 auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche II der Außenscheibe 2 versehen, durch den darunter liegende Anschlüsse, Dichtmaterial und dergleichen mehr verdeckt werden. The composite pane 1 has a maximum light transmission of 70% in the second area 8 and a light transmission of more than 70% in the first area 7, i.e. the light transmission in the second area 8 is lower than the light transmission in the first area 7. This is achieved by a correspondingly strong tint of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4' in the second area 8. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 in the first area 7, on the other hand, is not tinted (clear) or has at least a lower tint than the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4' in the second area 8. It would also be possible for the inner pane 3 to have a corresponding tint in addition or as an alternative. The outer pane 2 is clear and has no tint. The composite pane 1 is further provided with a black print 12 on the interior surface II of the outer pane 2, which conceals the connections, sealing material and the like located underneath.

In Figur2 ist anhand einer schematischen Querschnittansicht ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1 veranschaulicht. Um unnötige Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, werden lediglich die Unterschiede zu dem in Verbindung mit Figur 1 erläuterten ersten Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben und ansonsten wird auf obige Ausführungen Bezug genommen. Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the composite pane 1 according to the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, only the differences from the first embodiment explained in connection with Figure 1 are described and otherwise reference is made to the above statements.

Demnach ist anstatt der elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsfolie 6 eine elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtung 13 der Innenscheibe 3 vorgesehen. Die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtung 13 ist auf der der äußeren Umgebung zugewandten Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe 3 abgeschieden, beispielsweise durch Sputtern. Zwischen der elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsbeschichtung 13 und der Innenscheibe 3 befindet sich eine transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung 14, welche beispielsweise auf Titannitrid und/oder Titancarbid basiert oder eine amorphe Kohlenstoffschicht ist. Bei der Herstellung wird zunächst die transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung 14 auf der der äußeren Umgebung zugewandten Oberfläche III der Innenscheibe 3 abgeschieden, beispielsweise mittels Sputtern, gefolgt von einem Abscheiden der elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsbeschichtung 13 auf der transmissionsmindernden Beschichtung 14, beispielsweise mittels Sputtern. Analog zur elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsfolie 6 kann die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtung 13 durch Anlegen einer geeigneten Betriebsspannung in einen Licht nicht reflektierenden Zustand oder in einen lichtreflektierenden Zustand geschaltet werden. Accordingly, instead of the electrically switchable functional film 6, an electrically switchable functional coating 13 of the inner pane 3 is provided. The electrically switchable functional coating 13 is deposited on the surface III of the inner pane 3 facing the external environment, for example by sputtering. Between the electrically switchable functional coating 13 and the inner pane 3 there is a transmission-reducing coating 14, which is based on titanium nitride and/or titanium carbide or is an amorphous carbon layer, for example. During production, the transmission-reducing coating 14 is first deposited on the surface III of the inner pane 3 facing the external environment, for example by sputtering, followed by deposition of the electrically switchable functional coating 13 on the transmission-reducing coating 14, for example by sputtering. Analogous to the electrically switchable functional film 6, the electrically switchable functional coating 13 can be switched into a light-non-reflecting state or into a light-reflecting state by applying a suitable operating voltage.

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Figur 2 sind die Außenscheibe 2 und die Innenscheibe 3 nur durch eine klare (nicht-getönte) Zwischenschicht 4 miteinander verbunden. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are only connected to each other by a clear (non-tinted) intermediate layer 4.

Die Verbundscheibe 1 weist im zweiten Bereich 8 eine Lichttransmission von maximal 70% und im ersten Bereich 7 eine Lichttransmission von mehr als 70% auf, d.h. die Lichttransmission im zweiten Bereich 8 ist geringer als die Lichttransmission im ersten Bereich 7. Erreicht wird dies durch die transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung 14. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann die Innenscheibe 3 eine entsprechende Tönung aufweisen. Die Verbundscheibe 1 der Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 1 und 2 kann wahlfrei in einen Zustand mit lichtspiegelnder Eigenschaft gebracht werden, wobei der erste Bereich 7 eine geringere Tönung aufweist als der zweite Bereich 8, sodass ein relativ großer Anteil des einfallenden Sonnenlichts reflektiert wird. Unerwünschte innenraumseitige Reflexionen können durch die starke Transmissionsminderung im zweiten Bereich 8 vermieden werden.The composite pane 1 has a light transmission of a maximum of 70% in the second area 8 and a light transmission of more than 70% in the first area 7, ie the light transmission in the second area 8 is lower than the light transmission in the first area 7. This is achieved by the transmission-reducing coating 14. Alternatively or additionally, the inner pane 3 can have a corresponding tint. The composite pane 1 of the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 can optionally be brought into a state with light-reflecting properties, with the first area 7 having a lower tint than the second area 8, so that a relatively large proportion of the incident sunlight is reflected. Undesirable reflections on the interior side can be avoided by the strong reduction in transmission in the second area 8.

Der Gesamtwärmeeintrag durch Strahlung im sichtbaren und nichtsichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich (TTS) der Verbundscheibe 1 beträgt ca. 6%, was einer Reduktion im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Dachfenstern um ca. 50% entspricht. Die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsfolie 6 und die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtung 13 können segmentiert ausgebildet werden. The total heat input by radiation in the visible and non-visible wavelength range (TTS) of the composite pane 1 is approximately 6%, which corresponds to a reduction of approximately 50% compared to conventional roof windows. The electrically switchable functional film 6 and the electrically switchable functional coating 13 can be designed in segments.

Aus obigen Ausführungen ergibt sich, dass die Erfindung eine neuartige Verbundscheibe zur Verfügung stellt, durch die der Energieeintrag in den Innenraum eines Kraftfahrzeugs oder Gebäudes durch eine starke Reflexion sichtbaren Lichts verringert und zudem nachteilige Effekte in Bezug auf innenraumseitige Reflexionen vermieden werden. Die Verbundscheibe kann in einfacher Weise mit Standardverfahren in der industriellen Serienfertigung von Verbundscheiben hergestellt werden. Die Verbundscheibe kann einfach, kostengünstig und mit hoher Qualität produziert werden. From the above it can be seen that the invention provides a novel composite pane which reduces the energy input into the interior of a motor vehicle or building by means of a strong reflection of visible light and also avoids adverse effects in relation to interior reflections. The composite pane can be manufactured in a simple manner using standard processes in the industrial series production of composite panes. The composite pane can be produced simply, inexpensively and with high quality.

Bezugszeichenliste list of reference symbols

1 Verbundscheibe 1 composite pane

2 Außenscheibe 2 outer panes

3 Innenscheibe 3 inner pane

4, 4', 4" Zwischenschicht 4, 4', 4" interlayer

5 emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung5 emissivity-reducing coating

6 Funktionsfolie 6 functional foil

7 erster Bereich 7 first area

8 zweiter Bereich 8 second area

9 IR-reflektierende Beschichtung 9 IR-reflective coating

10 Anschlusselektrode 10 connection electrode

11 Dichtmaterial 11 Sealing material

12 Schwarzdruck 12 black prints

13 Funktionsbeschichtung 13 functional coating

14 transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung 14 transmission-reducing coating

INT Innenraum INT interior

AMB äußere Umgebung AMB external environment

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims 1 . Verbundscheibe (1) zur Abtrennung eines Innenraums von einer äußeren Umgebung, umfassend eine Außenscheibe (2) und eine Innenscheibe (3), die durch mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4, 4', 4") fest miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Außenscheibe (2) und die Innenscheibe (3) jeweils eine der äußeren Umgebung zugewandte Oberfläche und eine dem Innenraum zugewandte Oberfläche aufweisen, wobei zwischen der Außenscheibe (2) und der Innenscheibe (3) ein elektrisch schaltbares Spiegelelement (6, 13) angeordnet ist, wobei die Verbundscheibe so ausgebildet ist, dass sie in einem ersten Bereich1 . Composite pane (1) for separating an interior from an external environment, comprising an outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3) which are firmly connected to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4, 4', 4"), wherein the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) each have a surface facing the external environment and a surface facing the interior, wherein an electrically switchable mirror element (6, 13) is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3), wherein the composite pane is designed such that it is in a first region (7) auf der der äußeren Umgebung zugewandten Seite des Spiegelelements (6, 13) eine Lichttransmission von mehr als 70% und in einem zweiten Bereich (8) auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Seite des Spiegelelements (6, 13) eine Lichttransmission von maximal 70% aufweist. (7) on the side of the mirror element (6, 13) facing the external environment has a light transmission of more than 70% and in a second region (8) on the side of the mirror element (6, 13) facing the interior has a light transmission of a maximum of 70%. 2. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 1 , welche so ausgebildet ist, dass sie im ersten Bereich (7) eine Lichttransmission von mehr als 80% und im zweiten Bereich (8) eine Lichttransmission von maximal 50%, maximal 30% oder maximal 10%, aufweist. 2. Composite pane (1) according to claim 1, which is designed such that it has a light transmission of more than 80% in the first region (7) and a light transmission of maximum 50%, maximum 30% or maximum 10% in the second region (8). 3. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, welche im zweiten Bereich3. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, which in the second region (8) eine getönte Innenscheibe (3), eine getönte thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4') und/oder eine transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung (14) aufweist. (8) has a tinted inner pane (3), a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer (4') and/or a transmission-reducing coating (14). 4. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, welche i) im ersten Bereich (7) eine nicht-getönte Außenscheibe (2) und/oder eine nicht-getönte thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) aufweist, oder ii) im ersten Bereich (7) eine getönte Außenscheibe (2) und/oder eine getönte thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) aufweist. 4. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, which i) has a non-tinted outer pane (2) and/or a non-tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) in the first region (7), or ii) has a tinted outer pane (2) and/or a tinted thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) in the first region (7). 5. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, welche eine Gesamttransmission für Licht (TL) von maximal 65%, bevorzugt von maximal 50%, besonders bevorzugt von maximal 30%, und ganz besonders bevorzugt von maximal 15% aufweist. 5. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, which has a total light transmission (TL) of a maximum of 65%, preferably a maximum of 50%, particularly preferably a maximum of 30%, and most particularly preferably a maximum of 15%. 6. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei welcher das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement (6, 13) mindestens 35%, mindestens 40%, mindestens 50%, mindestens 60%, mindestens 70%, mindestens 80%, oder mindestens 90%, des auftreffenden Lichts reflektiert. 6. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the electrically switchable mirror element (6, 13) reflects at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the incident light. 7. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei welcher das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement eine elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsfolie (6) ist, welche in einen nicht-lichtreflektierenden Zustand oder in einen lichtreflektierenden Zustand schaltbar ist. 7. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the electrically switchable mirror element is an electrically switchable functional film (6) which can be switched into a non-light-reflecting state or into a light-reflecting state. 8. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 7, bei welcher die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsfolie (6) zwischen einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht (4) im ersten Bereich (7) und einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht (4') im zweiten Bereich (8) angeordnet ist, wobei die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4') im zweiten Bereich (8) eine Tönung aufweist. 8. Composite pane (1) according to claim 7, wherein the electrically switchable functional film (6) is arranged between a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) in the first region (7) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4') in the second region (8), wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4') in the second region (8) has a tint. 9. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 8, bei welcher die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) im ersten Bereich (7) keine Tönung oder eine geringere Tönung als die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4') im zweiten Bereich (8) aufweist. 9. Composite pane (1) according to claim 8, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) in the first region (7) has no tint or a lesser tint than the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4') in the second region (8). 10. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei welcher das elektrisch schaltbare Spiegelelement eine elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtung (13) ist, welche in einen nicht-lichtreflektierenden Zustand oder in einen lichtreflektierenden Zustand schaltbar ist. 10. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the electrically switchable mirror element is an electrically switchable functional coating (13) which can be switched into a non-light-reflecting state or into a light-reflecting state. 11. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 10, bei welcher innenraumseitig der elektrisch schaltbaren Funktionsbeschichtung (13) eine transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung (14) aufgebracht ist. 11. Composite pane (1) according to claim 10, in which a transmission-reducing coating (14) is applied to the interior side of the electrically switchable functional coating (13). 12. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 11 , bei welcher die elektrisch schaltbare Funktionsbeschichtung (13) auf der transmissionsmindernden Beschichtung (14) angeordnet ist. 12. Composite pane (1) according to claim 11, wherein the electrically switchable functional coating (13) is arranged on the transmission-reducing coating (14). 13. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, bei welcher die transmissionsmindernde Beschichtung auf Titannitrid und/oder Titancarbid basiert oder eine amorphe Kohlenstoffschicht ist. 13. Composite pane (1) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the transmission-reducing coating is based on titanium nitride and/or titanium carbide or is an amorphous carbon layer. 14. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, bei welcher auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Oberfläche (IV) der Innenscheibe (3) eine emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung (5) und/oder auf der dem Innenraum zugewandten Oberfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (2) eine IR-reflektierende Beschichtung aufgebracht ist. 14. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, in which an emissivity-reducing coating (5) is applied to the surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) facing the interior and/or an IR-reflecting coating is applied to the surface (II) of the outer pane (2) facing the interior. 15. Verwendung der Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 in Gebäuden oder in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr auf dem Lande, in der Luft oder zu Wasser, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen beispielsweise als Dachscheibe, Heckscheibe und/oder Seitenscheibe. 15. Use of the composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14 in buildings or in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a roof pane, rear window and/or side window.
PCT/EP2024/061707 2023-04-28 2024-04-28 Laminated pane having an electrically switchable mirror element and reduced light transmittance Pending WO2024223925A1 (en)

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EP23170639 2023-04-28

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1596815A1 (en) 1965-07-12 1971-04-15 Glaverbel Process for the reversible change of the light transmission and corresponding glazing
JP2006106343A (en) 2004-10-05 2006-04-20 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Reflective dimming electrochromic device and glass using the same
JP2006267670A (en) 2005-03-24 2006-10-05 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Reflective dimming electrochromic device and manufacturing method thereof
EP2141135A1 (en) 2008-06-30 2010-01-06 Schott AG Device for reflecting heat radiation, a method for production of and use of same
WO2011105991A1 (en) 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Guardian Industries Corp. Articles including anticondensation and/or low-e coatings and/or methods of making the same
WO2013131667A1 (en) 2012-03-05 2013-09-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Sheet with coating which reflects thermal radiation
WO2018206236A1 (en) 2017-05-09 2018-11-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane having an electrically conductive coating, with reduced visibility of fingerprints

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1596815A1 (en) 1965-07-12 1971-04-15 Glaverbel Process for the reversible change of the light transmission and corresponding glazing
JP2006106343A (en) 2004-10-05 2006-04-20 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Reflective dimming electrochromic device and glass using the same
JP2006267670A (en) 2005-03-24 2006-10-05 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Reflective dimming electrochromic device and manufacturing method thereof
EP2141135A1 (en) 2008-06-30 2010-01-06 Schott AG Device for reflecting heat radiation, a method for production of and use of same
WO2011105991A1 (en) 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Guardian Industries Corp. Articles including anticondensation and/or low-e coatings and/or methods of making the same
WO2013131667A1 (en) 2012-03-05 2013-09-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Sheet with coating which reflects thermal radiation
WO2018206236A1 (en) 2017-05-09 2018-11-15 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pane having an electrically conductive coating, with reduced visibility of fingerprints

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