WO2024217888A1 - Four a soles multiples pour mettre en contact un solide et un gaz - Google Patents
Four a soles multiples pour mettre en contact un solide et un gaz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024217888A1 WO2024217888A1 PCT/EP2024/059256 EP2024059256W WO2024217888A1 WO 2024217888 A1 WO2024217888 A1 WO 2024217888A1 EP 2024059256 W EP2024059256 W EP 2024059256W WO 2024217888 A1 WO2024217888 A1 WO 2024217888A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- solid
- enclosure
- tray
- trays
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/04—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces of multiple-hearth type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of hearth-type furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/06—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces with movable working chambers or hearths, e.g. tiltable, oscillating or describing a composed movement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/22—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
- F27B9/028—Multi-chamber type furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/16—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path
- F27B9/18—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path under the action of scrapers or pushers
- F27B9/185—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path under the action of scrapers or pushers multiple hearth type furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
- F27B9/3005—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/02—Supplying steam, vapour, gases or liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
- F27B2003/125—Hearths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
- F27B9/3005—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
- F27B2009/3027—Use of registers, partitions
Definitions
- the number of orifices of said at least one plate associated with said first gas distribution means may be between 5 and 60 per m2 , preferably between 8 and 40 per m2 , and very preferably between 10 and 30 per m2 .
- the invention further relates to a method for drying and/or roasting a solid of the biomass feed type, said method being implemented using the multiple-hearth furnace according to any one of the embodiments described above.
- Figure 2 schematically and non-limitingly illustrates a first embodiment of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention, in counter-current operation.
- Figure 4 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a second variant of the embodiment of Figure 2.
- Figure 5 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, an evolution of the variant of Figure 4.
- Figure 6 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a fourth variant of the embodiment of Figure 2.
- Figure 7 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a fifth variant of the embodiment of Figure 2.
- Figure 8 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a second embodiment of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention, in co-current operation.
- Figure 9A (respectively Figure 9B) shows the evolution over time of the average temperature (respectively of the heating rate) of the biomass particles in the case of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the prior art and the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention.
- the present invention relates to a multiple-hearth furnace for contacting a solid in a flow of a gas.
- the solid according to the invention can be any type of solid, such as for example a powder of a mixture of limestone, clay and sand, ore, plastic or a biomass filler.
- the solid may correspond to a biomass feedstock.
- the biomass feedstock may advantageously vary according to its origin. It may be wood or wood by-products, such as waste produced by logging (forest residues), sawmills, wood processing industries. It may also come from industrial by-products such as sludge or agri-food waste.
- the biomass may also come from traditional agriculture and consist of residues such as straw, coppice, bagasse, as well as crops dedicated to energy production (miscanthus, short rotation coppice, etc.). Finally, it may correspond to organic waste, such as urban waste including sewage sludge, household waste may also constitute the feedstock.
- the biomass feedstock may be lignocellulosic biomass or cellulose, and preferably lignocellulosic biomass.
- the biomass feedstock may also originate from algae.
- the feedstock may be composed of solid particles. In particular when the solid according to the invention corresponds to a biomass feedstock, it may contain a certain water content.
- the gas according to the invention may be, depending on the intended application, air but also recycled combustion gases, carbon dioxide, water vapor, or an inert gas such as helium or nitrogen.
- the gas can be an inert gas such as helium, nitrogen, or a mixture of these gases with gases recycled from a previous drying and/or roasting step.
- the gas may also be water vapor.
- the multiple-hearth furnace comprises an enclosure whose longitudinal axis, in the operating position (i.e. when using the device), is oriented vertically.
- a plurality of trays also called hearths
- the trays are therefore, in the operating position of the multiple-hearth furnace, substantially horizontal.
- the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention comprises means for circulating the solid in the enclosure. It is clear that the solid circulates, in the service position, from the top of the enclosure to the bottom of the enclosure, by gravity.
- the means for circulating the solid may comprise a first opening arranged in the enclosure above the upper tray of the multiple-hearth furnace (the term “upper” is taken with reference to the service position), and a second opening arranged in the enclosure below the lower tray of the multiple-hearth furnace (the term “lower” is taken with reference to the service position).
- the means for circulating the solid may comprise openings arranged on the trays, to allow the solid to pass from one tray to another.
- the openings of the trays are configured so that the trays alternately have either a central opening or a peripheral opening to allow the solid to travel from one tray to another when the furnace is in operation.
- the means for circulating the solid may comprise a shaft passing through the longitudinal axis of the enclosure to rotate means for moving the solid on each of the trays.
- the means for moving the solid on each of the plates may comprise a scraping arm, for example an arm equipped with teeth.
- the multiple-hearth furnace comprises means for circulating the gas in the enclosure, comprising primary gas distribution means associated (or dedicated, or specific, or relative) to at least one of the trays of the multiple-hearth furnace.
- at least one of the trays of the multiple-hearth furnace comprises (or is associated with) primary gas distribution means (or primary gas distribution means).
- the primary gas distribution means associated with at least one tray comprise a plurality of orifices arranged in this tray, at least one windbox arranged under this tray and in fluid communication with said tray (i.e. the windbox and the tray are configured to allow the passage of the primary gas between the windbox and the tray), and means for supplying gas to the windbox.
- the gas when injected, the gas prefills the windbox before penetrating and uniformly passing through the thickness of the solid located on the upper part of the tray comprising a plurality of orifices.
- This configuration makes it possible to force the gas to pass through the solid, which promotes gas-solid contact and allows better transfer of heat and material between gas and solid at the tray(s) comprising primary gas distribution means.
- a perforated tray is referred to as a tray of the multiple-hearth furnace comprising a plurality of orifices.
- wind box is meant a chamber intended to be connected to gas supply means and comprising a plurality of openings intended for the distribution of gas.
- a wind box allows homogenization of the gas introduced into the chamber and stabilization of the gas pressure in the chamber, before its distribution. It is clear that the wind box according to the invention associated with a tray is supplied with gas by the means for supplying gas to primary gas distribution means according to the invention.
- the roof (in other words the upper face) of the wind box according to the invention can coincide with the perforated plate with which it is associated.
- the orifices of the perforated plate allow the distribution, above the perforated plate, of the gas contained in the wind box.
- the base (i.e. the lower face) of the wind box associated with a perforated tray may extend to the walls of the enclosure of the multiple hearth furnace.
- the chamber of the wind box according to this embodiment when combined with the highly preferred variant according to which the roof of the wind box coincides with the perforated tray with which it is associated, is then formed by the perforated tray, the base, and the walls of the enclosure of the multiple hearth furnace.
- the wind box according to this design may be supplied with gas through an opening provided in a wall of the enclosure between the base of the wind box and the perforated tray.
- the base of a wind box may have any shape, such as for example a flat or curved plate.
- a plurality of trays of the multiple-hearth furnace may comprise primary gas distribution means, and most preferably, all of the trays of the multiple-hearth furnace comprise primary gas distribution means. In this way, the transfer of material and heat between gas and solid is optimized over the entire height of the multiple-hearth furnace.
- the means for circulating the gas further comprise at least one opening arranged in the enclosure to allow the gas to escape.
- this opening is either arranged above the upper plate of the multiple-hearth furnace in the case of countercurrent gas circulation (the term “upper” is taken with reference to the service position), or arranged below the lower plate of the multiple-hearth furnace (the term “lower” is taken with reference to the service position) in the case of cocurrent circulation.
- the means for supplying gas to the air box of at least one of the trays associated with primary gas distribution means may comprise at least one opening provided in the furnace enclosure.
- the opening provided in the enclosure for supplying the air box of at least one of the trays associated with primary gas distribution means may be connected to a conduit which may itself be connected to a gas supply circuit (external to the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention), optionally by means of a 2-way valve, a non-return valve, or gas flow regulation means.
- a 2-way valve, a non-return valve, or gas flow regulation means, specific to each tray associated with primary gas distribution means, make it possible to control the injection of gas from one tray relative to another.
- the means of regulating the gas flow make it possible to inject a distinct quantity of gas from one tray to another, for greater flexibility.
- the means for circulating the gas in the furnace may further comprise secondary gas distribution means, in addition to the primary gas distribution means according to the invention.
- These secondary (or additional) gas injection means may take any form of the gas distribution means according to the prior art.
- the secondary gas distribution means may comprise an opening arranged in a wall of the enclosure and configured for a gas supply directly into the enclosure (unlike the primary gas distribution means which first supplies a wind box).
- the secondary gas distribution means may comprise an opening arranged in the enclosure below the lower plate of the multiple-hearth furnace in the case of counter-flow gas circulation.
- the orifices of at least one of the trays associated with the primary gas distribution means are distributed regularly on the tray, i.e. with a constant number of orifices per unit area.
- the number of orifices of at least one of the perforated trays may be between 5 and 60 per m 2 , preferably between 8 and 40 per m 2 , and very preferably between 10 and 30 per m 2 .
- Such orifice distributions contribute to a homogeneous distribution of the gas on the upper part of the perforated tray(s).
- the orifices of at least one of the plates associated with the primary gas distribution means have dimensions smaller than the dimensions of the particles of the solid, in order to avoid the phenomenon of weeping (particles which fall into the injection holes).
- the orifices of at least one of the plates associated with the primary gas distribution means are sized to allow a gas speed in each of the orifices of between 0.1 and 20 m/s, preferably between 0.5 and 10 m/s, and very preferably between 0.8 and 5 m/s.
- the orifices of at least one of the trays associated with the primary gas distribution means can be sized so as to comply with a predefined criterion relating to the pressure drop of the gas passing through the distribution orifices of the tray in question, and to the pressure drop of the gas passing through the solid arranged on the tray in question.
- the solid When the solid is in the form of particles, the solid may then take the form of a bed of particles, and the pressure drop through the solid may then be a function of the height and the porosity of the bed of solid particles.
- the enclosure of the multiple-hearth furnace may be cylindrical or parallelepipedal in shape.
- the openings for the entry and exit of the solid from the enclosure may advantageously be arranged respectively in the upper wall and in the lower wall of the enclosure.
- the section of the enclosure may be constant along the longitudinal axis.
- the diameter of the enclosure may vary between 80 cm and 120 cm in internal diameter, preferably between 90 and 110 cm in internal diameter, and may very preferably be 1 m
- the height of the enclosure may vary between 80 cm and 120 cm, preferably between 90 and 110 cm, and may very preferably be 1 m.
- Such dimensions are conventional for multiple-hearth furnaces implemented in industrial processes as described above.
- the material of the various elements (enclosure, trays, wind box, etc.) of the multiple-hearth furnace may be ceramic, a metal preferably resistant to corrosion, in particular any type of stainless steel. These materials are in fact resistant to the very high temperatures and acidic compounds involved during the implementation of processes using this type of furnace, and limit the extractable compounds that can migrate into the solid and/or into the gas.
- the multiple-hearth furnace comprises a bed of particles arranged on the surface of at least one of the perforated trays, preferably on the surface of each of the perforated trays of the multiple-hearth furnace.
- the particle bed will increase the pressure drop above the perforated tray and thus improve the gas distribution over the entire surface of the perforated tray(s).
- the particle bed is surmounted by a grid, so that they are not carried away by the gas flow coming from the perforated trays.
- a grid can also allow a more homogeneous distribution of the gas, thus improving the gas-solid contact. It is clear that the size of the openings of the grid must be both smaller than the particle size of the particle bed and smaller than the particle size of the solid charge.
- the particles of a bed can be any type of particles that are non-reactive (or inert) to gas and/or have a high thermal conductivity (to promote heat transfer in the solid), such as sand particles, or crushed glass beads or raw glass beads, particles formed from natural or synthetic zeolite, from alumina, or from resins or plastic.
- sand particles or crushed glass beads or raw glass beads, particles formed from natural or synthetic zeolite, from alumina, or from resins or plastic.
- the materials mentioned above have the advantages of being easily available commercially and of having advantageous thermal and mechanical properties (high thermal conductivity and good resistance to attrition).
- the height of the particle bed may be greater than 50% of the spacing between the base of the plate and the lower part of the means for moving the solid on the plate considered (for example, in the case of an arm provided with teeth, the lower part of the means for moving the solid on the plate considered corresponds to the base of the teeth), preferably greater than 60% and more preferably greater than 70%.
- the particle size of a bed may be greater than the dimensions of the orifices of the plate considered.
- FIG. 2 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a first embodiment of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention, in countercurrent operation. More precisely, this figure shows a multiple-hearth furnace comprising an enclosure 30 crossed by a central shaft 36 driven in rotation R relative to the longitudinal axis AA of the enclosure and which is arranged along the vertical axis when the furnace is in operation.
- the multiple-hearth furnace comprises four trays 41, 42 arranged along the longitudinal axis.
- the trays 41, 42 are equipped with either a central hole 45 or a peripheral hole 46, and this alternately from one tray to another along the longitudinal axis, to allow the passage of the solid charge from one tray to another (openings in the enclosure for the passage of the solid charge not shown).
- the means for circulating the gas in the enclosure 30 comprise primary gas distribution means associated with a single tray, in this case the tray 42 located lowest in the enclosure 30.
- the primary gas distribution means associated with the tray 42 comprise orifices 43 distributed homogeneously on the tray 42, a wind box 50 arranged under the tray 42, the wind box 50 being connected to a gas supply circuit 60, 61 external to the furnace by means of a conduit 52 connecting the opening 51 provided in the wind box and the opening 31 provided in the side wall of the enclosure.
- the means for circulating the gas in the enclosure 30 according to this design further comprise an opening 32 provided in the upper wall of the enclosure to allow the evacuation of the gas in countercurrent operation.
- the gas prefills the wind box 50 of the perforated plate 42 before penetrating and uniformly crossing the thickness of the solid (not shown) located on the upper part of the perforated plate 42.
- This configuration makes it possible to force the gas to pass through the solid, which promotes gas-solid contact and allows better transfer of heat and material between gas and solid at the perforated plate.
- Figure 3 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a first variant of the embodiment of Figure 2, identical in every respect to this first embodiment (thus, the common elements will not be described again), with the exception of the presence of a valve 53 along the conduit 61 of the gas supply circuit 60, 61 external to the oven, so as to be able to control the injection of gas into the enclosure 30.
- Figure 4 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a second variant of the embodiment of Figure 2, identical in every respect to this first embodiment (thus, the common elements will not be described again), with the exception of the fact that all the trays 42 of the enclosure are trays comprising primary gas distribution means, in this case identical to the primary gas distribution means of the tray 42 of Figure 2.
- This configuration makes it possible to promote gas-solid contact for each of the trays of the multiple-hearth furnace, and thus to obtain better efficiency of the multiple-hearth furnace with regard to the heat transfer between the gas and the solid.
- Figure 5 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, an evolution of the variant of Figure 4, in all respects identical to this variant (thus, the common elements will not be described again), with the exception of the presence of a valve 53 along each conduit 61 of the gas supply circuit 60, 61 external to the furnace.
- This configuration makes it possible to control the injection of gas into the enclosure 30 independently from one tray to another, depending for example on the results of control measurements of the process implemented. work, such as measurements of gas flow, temperature, pressure, gas composition, etc.
- FIG. 6 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a fourth variant of the embodiment of Figure 2, identical in every way to this first embodiment (thus, the common elements will not be described again), with the exception of the fact that a bed of particles 54 is arranged on the surface of the perforated plate 42 and is surmounted by a grid 55 on which the solid to be heat treated is distributed.
- the bed of particles makes it possible to increase the pressure drop above the perforated plate and thus to improve the gas distribution over the entire surface of the plate.
- the grid makes it possible to prevent the particles of the bed of particles from being carried away by the gas flow and from mixing with the particles of solid circulating on the plates. In addition, the grid makes it possible to contribute to a more homogeneous distribution of the gas.
- Figure 7 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a fifth variant of the embodiment of Figure 2, identical in every way to this first embodiment (thus, the common elements will not be described again), with the exception of the fact that the means for circulating the gas comprise secondary gas distribution means, in the form of an opening 33 arranged above the lower plate (in this case the perforated plate 42) of the furnace, allowing an additional gas supply via the conduit 55 connected to the gas supply circuit 60, 61 external to the furnace.
- These secondary gas distribution means make it possible to supplement the primary gas distribution means associated with the plate 42, for better adaptation to the specificities of the variety of industrial processes. It is also possible to connect the conduit 55 to a dedicated secondary gas circulation line, different from the line of the primary gas supply circuit 60.
- Figure 8 illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a second embodiment of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention, in co-current operation.
- This second embodiment is identical in every respect to the first embodiment (thus, the common elements will not be described again), except that in this design, the means for circulating the gas in the enclosure 30 comprise an opening 32 arranged in a part of a side wall of the enclosure 30 located under the lower plate (in this case the perforated plate 42) of the furnace, to allow the evacuation of the gas in a co-current operation of the furnace.
- the variants of Figures 3 to 7 can be combined with the embodiment of Figure 8.
- the invention further relates to a method for drying and/or roasting a biomass feedstock implemented using the multiple-hearth oven as described above according to any of its variants.
- This application example aims to compare the heating rate of a biomass-type material placed on a tray of a multiple-hearth furnace according to the prior art (i.e. with tangential gas injection) described in FIG. 1, and the heating rate of a biomass-type material placed on a tray associated with primary gas distribution means of a multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention.
- Heating rates are estimated by means of numerical simulations performed with the CPFD BarracudaTM software.
- the geometric data of the simulation and the operating/limiting conditions are indicated below:
- Characteristics of the enclosure cylinder 1 m in diameter and 1 m in height, comprising an opening for the gas outlet in the form of a cylindrical tube 0.17 m in diameter and 0.1 m in height fitted into the upper wall of the cylindrical enclosure, this opening being placed under atmospheric conditions;
- the oven is maintained at a constant temperature of 150°C;
- the enclosure of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the prior art comprises 3 tangential gas injection cylinders of 0.1 m in diameter located 0.3 m above the tray considered.
- the perforated tray of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention comprises 21 orifices distributed uniformly on the tray, corresponding to a number of orifices per m 2 of tray of approximately 27.
- the gas used is nitrogen at 280°C.
- the total inlet gas flow rate is 0.13 kg/s, representing a superficial gas velocity in the furnace of 0.3 m/s.
- a layer of biomass with a height of 0.2 m is arranged above the tray of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the prior art and the perforated tray of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention.
- the biomass particles have an average diameter of 2 cm and an initial temperature of 20°C.
- FIG. 9A shows the evolution over time t of the average temperature (respectively the heating rate) of the biomass particles in the case of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the prior art (curve and scale TAA; respectively curve and VAA scale) and the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention (curve and scale Tl NV; respectively curve and scale VINV).
- a much faster temperature rise can be observed in the case of the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention, which makes it possible to increase the heating rate by a factor of 600 compared to the multiple-hearth furnace according to the prior art.
- Such an increase in the heating rate not only makes it possible to reduce the production time, but also the energy consumption of the furnace.
- the multiple-hearth furnace according to the invention allows a more homogeneous distribution of the gas on the surface of a tray comprising primary gas distribution means, which allows better contact between the gas and the solid placed on this tray, and thus greater efficiency of the industrial processes using such a furnace.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2304024A FR3148083B1 (fr) | 2023-04-21 | 2023-04-21 | Four à soles multiples pour mettre en contact un solide et un gaz |
| FRFR2304024 | 2023-04-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024217888A1 true WO2024217888A1 (fr) | 2024-10-24 |
Family
ID=87974275
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/059256 Pending WO2024217888A1 (fr) | 2023-04-21 | 2024-04-04 | Four a soles multiples pour mettre en contact un solide et un gaz |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3148083B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024217888A1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
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| US2225199A (en) * | 1939-04-28 | 1940-12-17 | Colorado Iron Works Co | Multiple hearth calcining furnace |
| US2376177A (en) | 1943-12-21 | 1945-05-15 | Jr Charles W Nichols | Furnace |
| GB941635A (en) | 1961-06-05 | 1963-11-13 | Nichols Eng & Res Corp | Methods and apparatus for regeneration of granular activated carbon |
| US4050389A (en) | 1976-07-19 | 1977-09-27 | Nichols Engineering & Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for incinerating waste material |
| US4728339A (en) * | 1984-12-19 | 1988-03-01 | K-Fuel Partnership | Multiple hearth apparatus and process for thermal treatment of carbonaceous materials |
| US20140298716A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2014-10-09 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Ene Alt | Reactor for drying and torrefying a biomass, preferably a lignocellulose biomass |
| US20160356548A1 (en) | 2015-06-06 | 2016-12-08 | Synergetics Pty Ltd | Multiple hearth furnace improvements |
-
2023
- 2023-04-21 FR FR2304024A patent/FR3148083B1/fr active Active
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2024
- 2024-04-04 WO PCT/EP2024/059256 patent/WO2024217888A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2150231A (en) * | 1936-10-15 | 1939-03-14 | Underpinning & Foundation Comp | Incineration |
| US2225199A (en) * | 1939-04-28 | 1940-12-17 | Colorado Iron Works Co | Multiple hearth calcining furnace |
| US2376177A (en) | 1943-12-21 | 1945-05-15 | Jr Charles W Nichols | Furnace |
| GB941635A (en) | 1961-06-05 | 1963-11-13 | Nichols Eng & Res Corp | Methods and apparatus for regeneration of granular activated carbon |
| US4050389A (en) | 1976-07-19 | 1977-09-27 | Nichols Engineering & Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for incinerating waste material |
| US4728339A (en) * | 1984-12-19 | 1988-03-01 | K-Fuel Partnership | Multiple hearth apparatus and process for thermal treatment of carbonaceous materials |
| US20140298716A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2014-10-09 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Ene Alt | Reactor for drying and torrefying a biomass, preferably a lignocellulose biomass |
| US20160356548A1 (en) | 2015-06-06 | 2016-12-08 | Synergetics Pty Ltd | Multiple hearth furnace improvements |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3148083B1 (fr) | 2025-10-10 |
| FR3148083A1 (fr) | 2024-10-25 |
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