WO2024208401A1 - Method for obtaining drinking water - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a module for heating and/or evaporation, in particular solar heating and/or evaporation, of a gas or fluid, in particular a gaseous or fluid heat transfer medium, for example an oil or a mixture containing water and glycol, or raw water to be treated for the drinking water supply, such as seawater, brackish water, river water, contaminated groundwater or wastewater. The invention also relates to a device, in particular a solar device, for obtaining drinking water from raw water, wherein the device comprises at least one above-mentioned module. The invention also relates to a device for heating, in particular solar heating, of a fluid, in particular a fluid heat transfer medium, for example for use in an air-conditioning system, in particular a solar air-conditioning system, or a thermal solar installation. Such a device comprises at least one above-mentioned module.

Description

Applicant: Dietmar Feigenspan Riemeisterstrasse 40 14169 Berlin 5 Module for the production of drinking water The present invention relates to a module for the heating and/or evaporation, in particular solar heating, of a gas or a fluid, in particular a gaseous or liquid heat carrier, for example of raw water to be treated for the drinking water supply, such as sea water, brackish water, river water, contaminated groundwater, or waste water, or of oil or a mixture containing water and glycol. 15 The invention also relates to a device for the production of drinking water from raw water, in particular solar heating, the device comprising in particular at least one of the aforementioned modules. The invention also relates to a device for the heating, in particular solar heating, of a fluid, in particular a liquid heat carrier, for example for use in an air conditioning system, in particular a solar one, or in a thermal solar system. Such a device comprises in particular at least one of the aforementioned modules. Modules for fluid heating and/or fluid evaporation, including those for solar 25 fluid heating and/or fluid evaporation, as well as devices comprising such modules, are known in the art. The fluid to be evaporated and/or heated can be water or another liquid heat carrier. 30 A system that has been used for more than 100 years for solar seawater desalination, i.e. for producing drinking water or industrial water from seawater, and which is counted among the simple solar evaporation systems, is the simple solar still. It usually has few and relatively inexpensive components: 1. a flat black basin, which is made, for example, from an acid-resistant and relatively inexpensive plastic such as polyethylene or polycarbonate, 2. an insulating layer for thermal insulation, for example sand, 5 3. a cover that is permeable to sunlight, which usually consists of one or more panes of glass arranged in a tent/roof shape, in particular window panes. The simple solar still is based on the greenhouse principle: As a result of the heating by solar radiation, the sea or brackish water in the basin evaporates. The rising water vapor condenses on the underside of the pane of glass, which is cooled by the ambient air. The condensate is drained off using collecting channels. 15 A disadvantage of the simple solar still is that only low heat and material flow densities are achieved per unit area. The area required for these simple evaporation systems is therefore relatively large. In addition, the pane of glass is heated by the heat released during condensation and as a result the condensation rate is increasingly reduced. In addition, the plastic basins commonly used have to be replaced regularly, which causes waste and subsequent costs. In recent decades, devices for solar fluid heating and 25 devices for solar production of drinking water from raw water, especially from sea water, have become increasingly the focus of interest. DE 102004034284 A1 shows a pressure vessel for producing condensate from sea water, which has metal outer walls and a 30 glass sloping roof with a roller shutter or curtain for regulating the light energy. It is an airtight and watertight pressure chamber with the exception of the controlled openings. A saltwater basin open at the top is installed on the bottom of the vessel, whose side walls also function as a dividing wall between salt and fresh water. Alternatively, a channel system can be provided on the bottom of the container instead of the salt water basin. Solar radiation and/or a heater are used as the heat source. The rising 5 water vapor condenses on the underside of the glass pane and on the metal walls. The condensate runs downwards, where it is collected. A disadvantage of the pressure vessel described in DE 102004034284 A1 is the provision of a salt water basin or a channel system on the 10 bottom of the container. This applies in particular to its internal cleaning, in particular to the removal of the brine remaining in the salt water basin or in the channel system. Currently, for example, in the Middle East and North Africa, almost 50% 15 of drinking water is obtained by desalinating sea water. This is usually done using reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis reversal (EDR). A large number of other systems for desalinating seawater are known, namely complex evaporation systems and vaporization systems, which are usually operated exclusively with conventionally generated energy. Desalinating seawater using one of the aforementioned systems or technologies has the particular disadvantage that both the procurement costs and the operating costs are relatively high. Another disadvantage of the aforementioned systems or technologies is that they sometimes require the use of chemicals and/or produce brackish water. The latter usually also has a negative effect on the taste of the water. Water desalinated using filtration techniques in particular 30 regularly has such a high salt content that it is unsuitable for agricultural irrigation. This is because long-term use usually leads to soil salinization. The aforementioned systems and technologies also have the disadvantage that they usually require an electricity infrastructure and specialist personnel. Another disadvantage is that these technologies typically produce a relatively large volume of drinking water in a specific location, particularly near large cities, which is then usually distributed in the cities. This means that the population in suburban and rural areas in particular continues to be disadvantaged. In addition, large areas are usually required to install systems that are currently used to produce large volumes of drinking water. The latter are then no longer available for other uses, such as agricultural use. A particular disadvantage of the previously known systems and technologies for seawater desalination is that typically only around 25% to around 60% of the seawater volume fed in is desalinated. The highly concentrated salty seawater residue (brine) remaining in the respective system naturally has a significantly higher salt content than the seawater fed in. This brine is usually returned to the sea. As a result, coastal ecosystems in particular suffer considerable damage. If chemicals were used in the desalination process, these also remain in the brine and can therefore have an additional negative impact on the respective ecosystem. Overall, the systems described in the prior art are to be classified as unsatisfactory from an ecological and economic point of view. The invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming these and other disadvantages of the prior art and of providing a module for the heating and/or evaporation, in particular solar heating, of a gas or a fluid, in particular a gaseous or liquid heat carrier. Such a module is intended to enable the heating and/or evaporation of gases or fluids, in particular the heating and/or Evaporation of water and the heating of other liquid heat carriers should be simple, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and resource-friendly and as efficient as possible. The module should also be as simple and inexpensive to manufacture, install and operate as possible. It should also be robust, for example resistant to acids and alkalis, and not very susceptible to failure. The present invention also relates to a device for the production of drinking water from raw water, in particular solar, in particular comprising at least one aforementioned module. The present invention also relates to a device for the heating of a fluid, in particular a liquid heat carrier, in particular solar, the device comprising in particular at least one aforementioned module. The two aforementioned devices should also be characterized by the fact that they can be manufactured, installed and operated as simply and inexpensively as possible. In addition, they should be robust, for example resistant to acids and alkalis, and not very susceptible to failure. In addition, they should be suitable for private use as well as for use in the public, industrial or agricultural sectors. 20 The object is achieved by a module for the, in particular solar, heating and/or evaporation of a gas or a fluid, in particular a gaseous or liquid heat carrier, in which, with the supply of energy, in particular solar energy, - a gas, in particular a gaseous heat carrier, can be heated, or 25 - a fluid, in particular a liquid heat carrier, can be heated and/or converted from a liquid state of aggregation to a gaseous state of aggregation, wherein a) the module has a hollow body, comprising 30 i. an upper wall which has a thermally conductive metal and/or a thermally conductive metal alloy or is made of a thermally conductive metal and/or a thermally conductive metal alloy, and ii. a lower part which adjoins the upper wall downwards and which is trough-shaped or essentially trough-shaped or funnel-shaped or essentially funnel-shaped in cross section, 5 wherein the lower part and the upper wall can be connected to one another in a force-fitting, form-fitting, frictional and/or material-fitting manner, and b) a reversibly closable opening is provided in an upper region of the hollow body, in particular in the upper wall, wherein the reversibly closable opening in discontinuous operation 10 of the module - is provided as an inlet for the gas or for the fluid and - is provided as an outlet for the heated gas or the heated fluid or for the fluid converted from its liquid state to its gaseous state; 15 or i. a reversibly closable inlet opening is provided for the gas or for the fluid, and ii. a reversibly closable first outlet opening for the heated gas or for the heated fluid or for the fluid converted from its liquid state to its gaseous state is provided in an upper region of the hollow body. According to the present invention, the term heating is synonymous with terms such as heating or warming up. 25 The term energy here means thermal energy. In the simplest, most cost-effective, environmentally friendly and resource-saving case, the energy to be supplied to the module presented here is solar energy. The energy is then supplied by the upper wall of the hollow body advantageously facing the sun in the operating state. The upper wall can be plate-shaped or curved. If the upper wall of the hollow body is plate-shaped, it is in the Operating state advantageously facing the sun and in particular horizontally aligned. Alternatively or additionally, the energy to be supplied can be generated using 5 other renewable primary energy sources and/or conventional primary energy sources. The module can therefore be operated with the supply of renewably generated energy and/or conventionally generated energy. Alternatively or additionally, the module described here can also be operated with the supply of energy for the generation of which 10 was used as an energy source pyrolysis gas and/or pyrolysis oil and/or synthesis gas, which was generated by a pyrolysis process for the treatment of plastic waste. The term renewably generated energy means that only energy sources whose supply is considered inexhaustible or can be renewed relatively quickly were used to generate it 15 as energy sources: wind energy, water energy, ocean heat, tidal energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, ^biomass^. 20 According to the present invention, the expression conventionally generated energy means that fossil fuels, for example coal, petroleum, natural gas or nuclear fuels, were used as energy sources to generate it. The expression “trough-shaped or essentially trough-shaped in cross section” means that the lower part is a three-dimensional base body which has a lower closed area and side areas adjoining it at the top and is open at the top, i.e. not covered. The lower part which is open at the top can, for example, have a polygonal or a round or an essentially round 30 or an oval or an elliptical base or be part of a sphere or an ellipsoid or a cone. It is advantageous if the lower part has a rectangular or square base. The term "discontinuous operation" means that in a first step the empty module is filled with the respective gas or fluid according to the first variant mentioned under b), in a second step the heating and/or evaporation takes place and after the heating and/or evaporation has ended, in a third step the heated gas or the heated fluid or a vapor generated within the module, for example water vapor in the case of evaporation of water, is removed. The first step is then carried out again, and so on. In contrast, if a reversibly closable inlet opening and a separate reversibly closable first outlet opening (cf. second variant according to b) are provided, both discontinuous and continuous operation is possible. Using the module presented here, the heating and/or evaporation of gases and fluids, in particular the heating and/or evaporation of water and the heating of other liquid heat carriers can be carried out simply, inexpensively, in an environmentally friendly and resource-friendly manner and comparatively efficiently. The module is advantageously particularly simple and inexpensive to manufacture, install and operate. In addition, it is robust, in particular resistant to acids and alkalis, and is not very susceptible to failure. 20 It is therefore to be classified as advantageous from an economic and ecological point of view. The module can be installed and operated by one person, depending on its dimensions and weight. For example, raw water, for example sea water to be desalinated, can be introduced into the module by means of a solar and/or wind-driven water pump via a permanently installed or quickly installable line. The raw water is pre-filtered directly at the point of use. The water inflow, in particular the water volume and the inflow speed, is controlled and/or regulated by a sensor provided on the module. The sensor controls a shut-off valve associated with the reversibly closable opening or the reversibly closable inlet opening, whereby the shut-off valve is activated in particular depending on the opens or closes automatically based on the water flow measured by the sensor (unit: volume per unit of time, e.g. L/min). The sensor can be assigned to the shut-off valve or be part of the shut-off valve. According to yet another embodiment, instead of a flow sensor 5, a mechanical sensor is provided which consists of a float. The latter rises and falls depending on the fill level within the module. The float can have a magnet so that the position of the float is detected contactlessly using a magnetic sensor, for example a reed switch. This is a particularly simple, cost-effective 10 and robust variant. Alternatively, the operator can fill the module manually using a container filled with raw water, for example a tank, which is located above the module and/or is firmly connected to the module by a pipe system or can be reversibly connected. 15 The materials of all components are selected to ensure durability and the greatest possible freedom from maintenance. For this purpose, the materials of the parts that may come into contact with saline raw water must either be permanently saltwater-resistant and suitable for drinking water, or must be provided with a saltwater-resistant and drinking water-compatible coating. 20 The solar thermal distillation of the heat transfer medium water that can be carried out using the module described here replicates the way in which nature produces rain. It is advantageous if the plate-shaped or curved upper wall faces the sun in operating mode and - in the case of a plate-shaped upper wall - is aligned horizontally in particular. The sun's energy heats the water introduced into the hollow body of the module through the reversibly closable opening or the reversibly closable inlet opening until it evaporates. When the water evaporates, its vapor 30 rises. The steam can escape through the opening or first outlet opening provided in the upper region of the hollow body of the module, for example into a pipe which is in fluid communication with the opening or with the first outlet opening and whose second end is connected, for example, to a Collecting container or can be connected or is connected to a pipe system. Outside the hollow body, the steam cools relatively quickly and condenses to pure (= drinkable) water. Contaminants such as salts and heavy metals and, in particular, destroyed microbiological organisms and some water remain in the hollow body of the module. In other words: a brine contaminated, for example by sand or, in particular, destroyed microbiological organisms, remains in the hollow body of the module. It should be expressly pointed out that the opening or the first 10 outlet opening must always be open during operation of a module described here, unless the module has a safety valve or pressure relief valve. Alternatively or additionally, a recess can be provided, in particular in the upper wall, through which air can flow in and only a negligible volume of steam 15 can flow out per unit of time. The opening or the first outlet opening can be assigned a safety valve or pressure relief valve, which is advantageously mechanical. If no drain pipe is provided during operation of the module, the opening or the first outlet opening can be reversibly closed by means of a safety valve or pressure relief valve, which is advantageously mechanical. Alternatively, the opening or the first outlet opening can be assigned a shut-off valve during operation, which has a sensor or to which a sensor is assigned. Such a valve opens and closes automatically, namely depending on a water vapor flow measured by the sensor (unit: e.g. L/min). If, as an alternative or in addition to solar energy, renewably generated energy and/or conventionally generated energy and/or energy generated by burning pyrolysis gas and/or pyrolysis oil and/or synthesis gas is used to operate the module described here, additional components are required. For the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy and for the transfer of the thermal energy to the module presented here. Module, additional heating elements or heat elements must be provided. These must be arranged in particular below the lower part of the hollow body. A combustion chamber is also required for the combustion of pyrolysis gas and/or pyrolysis oil and/or synthesis gas. 5 In a module which has an opening which initially functions as an inlet and later as an outlet, it is advantageous if the opening has a thread. Then, to fill the module with raw water, a pipe which has a corresponding counter-thread can be connected to the opening easily and quickly. After filling, a first end of a first drain pipe, which advantageously has a relatively large inner diameter, e.g. in the range of 20 to 50 mm, can be connected to the opening easily and quickly, if necessary using a transition piece. The steam generated during operation of the module can escape through the opening provided in the 15 upper area of the hollow body of the module into the first drain pipe which is in fluid communication with the opening. In a module which has an inlet opening and a first outlet opening, in which the inlet and outlet are thus formed separately from one another, it can be provided that the inlet opening and/or the first outlet opening can be reversibly closed, for example by means of a simple closure, for example a screw cap or a plug. According to a further variant, a shut-off tap and/or a shut-off valve 25 is assigned to the inlet opening and/or the first outlet opening. The shut-off valve can be operated manually or be self-opening or have a sensor. Alternatively, the sensor can be assigned to the shut-off valve. The sensor controls a shut-off valve 30 assigned to the inlet opening, the shut-off valve opening or closing automatically, in particular depending on the water flow measured by the sensor (unit: volume per unit of time, e.g. L/min). According to another variant, a mechanical sensor is provided which consists of a float. The latter rises and falls depending on the fill level within the module. The float can have a magnet so that the position of the float is detected without contact using a magnetic sensor, for example a reed switch. This is a particularly simple, cost-effective and robust variant. If, for example, a screw cap or a plug is provided for reversibly closing the first outlet opening, it is advantageous if a pressure sensor is arranged within the hollow body and/or a, for example mechanical, safety valve or pressure relief valve is provided, which is advantageously arranged in an upper region of the module, in particular in the upper wall or in an upper region of a side wall. A particularly simple, cost-effective and at the same time safe variant of the module provides that the first outlet opening can be reversibly closed by means of a mechanical safety valve or a mechanical pressure relief valve. If the first outlet opening is assigned a shut-off valve which has a sensor or to which a sensor is assigned, the shut-off valve opens and closes automatically, namely depending on the water vapor flow measured by the sensor 20 (unit: volume per unit of time, e.g. L/min). Irrigation of agricultural areas is particularly simple and cost-effective by setting up the modules described here directly on the fields/beds. Areas with lots of sun in particular can thus receive rain-independent irrigation of agricultural areas by using free solar energy. No fresh water from existing 30 sources or groundwater is needed to irrigate fields, but instead salt water from the sea, from salt lakes, saline springs or saline groundwater can be used, for example. The modules described here can also be designed as transportable units, so that the modules can be set up on large fields after sowing, irrigate them during the growth phase until they are ripe, and then dismantled and transported away for harvest. This means that no additional areas are needed for the desalination technology. Several areas can also be irrigated with one module by moving it several times or by providing a self-propelled substructure. A relatively small module can be transported from one place to another simply by carrying it. In the case of a large-format module or a module group consisting of at least two detachably connected modules, it is particularly advantageous if it/they are reversibly mounted on a mobile, particularly rollable, substructure. Autonomous drip irrigation can be implemented using a self-propelled substructure, for example. 15 The modules presented here can also be easily installed on the flat roofs and roof terraces that are very common in southern countries and, if necessary, can also be used as a shading element and to supply the house with drinking water. In contrast to the large stationary desalination plants that are usually used, the modules presented here, which can also be manufactured in a relatively small format, offer mobility. They can also be retrofitted to a balcony railing or parapet, for example on houses, yachts or ships, without the need for structural alterations. They can also be used on mobile homes and caravans, as well as on cars used for camping. An advantageous variant of the module described here provides for the hollow body to be made in several parts, in particular at least three parts, namely in the form of a multi-part, i.e. two-part, three-part, four-part or five-part 30 lower part, and a separate plate-shaped or curved upper wall, wherein the individual parts, advantageously a maximum of six parts, namely six walls, can be connected to one another in a force-fitting, form-fitting, frictional and/or material-fitting manner. If the lower part and the upper Wall are connected to one another in a force-fitting, friction-fitting or form-fitting manner, it can also be a detachable connection. This can be advantageous for any cleaning, maintenance or repair work that may be required. 5 An advantageous embodiment of the module provides that i. an inner surface of the hollow body - is corrosion-resistant, in particular acid-resistant, and suitable for drinking water, and/or 10 - is provided with a corrosion-resistant, in particular acid-resistant, and suitable for drinking water coating; and/or ii. an outer surface of the hollow body - is corrosion-resistant, in particular acid-resistant, 15 and/or - is provided with a corrosion-resistant, in particular acid-resistant, coating. Another variant of the module provides that the lower part at least 20 in sections i. has at least one material which has the lowest possible thermal conductivity coefficient, is advantageously not thermally conductive or is essentially not thermally conductive, or 25 ii. is made of at least one material which has the lowest possible thermal conductivity coefficient, is advantageously not thermally conductive or is essentially not thermally conductive. The term "low thermal conductivity coefficient" here and in the following means a 30 thermal conductivity coefficient which is ≤ 0.1 W/mK (unit: watts per meter times Kelvin), advantageously ≤ 0.05 W/mK, more advantageously ≤ 0.04 W/mK, in particular ≤ 0.03 W/mK, for example in the range from 0.01 W/mK to 0.02 W/mK.In an advantageous embodiment, the lower part has, at least in sections, a material which is selected from the group consisting of plastics, non- or essentially non-thermally conductive 5 metals, glasses and glass-like materials. Another variant of the module provides that the lower part and the upper wall independently have one or more of the following properties: 10 i. is formed in one piece or in several pieces, ii. is formed in one layer or in several layers, iii. is formed in a dimensionally stable manner, iv. is acid and/or corrosion-resistant. 15 According to another advantageous variant of the module described here, an inner surface of the lower part has an acid and/or corrosion-resistant coating which has the lowest possible thermal conductivity coefficient, is advantageously not thermally conductive or is essentially not thermally conductive. For example, a ceramic 20 coating or an enamel coating can be present. Advantageously, the intended coatings can be applied to the respective inner surface simply and inexpensively using standard methods, particularly in the case of a ceramic coating. In the case of an enamel coating, the coating is applied to the respective inner surface using a melting process. An alternative or additional embodiment of the module described here provides that an inner surface of the upper wall has, at least in sections, an acid- and/or corrosion-resistant coating 30 which has the highest possible thermal conductivity coefficient. In an advantageous embodiment, the coating comprises a thermally conductive metal alloy and/or a thermally conductive metal or consists of a thermally conductive alloy and/or a thermally conductive metal. The term “high thermal conductivity coefficient” here and in the following refers to a thermal conductivity coefficient which is in the range of 60 W/mK to 400 W/mK (unit: watts per meter times Kelvin), advantageously in the range of 90 W/mK 5 to < 400 W/mK, more advantageously in the range of 120 W/mK to 395 W/mK, in particular in the range of 150 W/mK to 390 W/mK, for example in the range of 180 W/mK to 385 W/mK or in the range of 200 W/mK to 380 W/mK. The same applies to the term “good thermal conductivity”. 10 According to a further embodiment of the module, at least one of the thermally conductive materials comprises or is a metal and/or a metal alloy, in particular an acid-resistant steel, for example a V2A steel or a V4A steel, or aluminum, in particular a salt water-resistant AlMg3 alloy. AlMg3 (EN AW-5754) is an aluminum-magnesium alloy with a magnesium content of approx. 15 %. It also contains traces of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, chromium, tin and titanium. In another variant of the module, a material composition of the lower part and a material composition of the upper wall 20 are different. According to an alternative or supplementary embodiment of the module described here, the lower part is formed in one piece. The hollow body can then be manufactured particularly easily and inexpensively. 25 A further embodiment of the module provides that an outer surface of the upper wall i. is at least partially, for example in sections, textured, in particular roughened, 30 and/or ii. is at least partially, for example in sections, provided with a solar energy absorbing coating. Texturing the outer surface of the upper wall results in an increase in the surface area, so that the reflection of solar radiation is reduced. The texturing can be carried out, for example, using commercially available quartz sand, which can be fixed, for example, by applying a heat-resistant transparent varnish or a heat-resistant dark, in particular black, varnish. In the latter case, the varnish layer also functions as a solar energy absorbing coating. 10 Another embodiment of the module provides that the solar energy absorbing coating comprises aluminum nitride and silicon dioxide. A coating containing urethane and aluminum, or an aluminum nitride ceramic or an aluminum oxide ceramic, for example, can also be provided as a solar absorbing coating. Advantageously, the coatings provided can be applied to the outer surface of the upper wall simply and inexpensively using standard methods, particularly in the case of a ceramic coating, usually using a dipping method or a spraying method. 20 According to another embodiment of the module, i. the solar energy absorbing coating is colored dark, in particular black, and/or ii. an outer surface of the solar energy absorbing coating 25 is at least partially textured, in particular roughened. A further variant of the module provides that the lower part of the hollow body is surrounded by an outer shell, wherein i. a contour of the outer shell is similar to or identical to a contour of the 30 lower part of the hollow body and a volume of the outer shell is slightly larger than a volume of the lower part of the hollow body, wherein - the lower part of the hollow body and the outer shell are spaced apart from one another by an intermediate space, - an upper edge of the outer shell is flush or substantially flush with the outer surface of the upper wall of the hollow body, ii. an insulating means is provided all around at least in an upper region of the intermediate space 5, wherein - the hollow body and the outer shell are releasably connectable or connected to one another by the insulating means in an insulating manner, in particular air-tight and/or moisture-tight, in particular in a force-, form- and/or friction-locking manner; and 10 - an upper end of the insulating means is flush or substantially flush with an upper end of the intermediate space. In a further embodiment, the outer shell is made of a light metal or a light metal alloy, in particular a corrosion-resistant one, 15 wherein the light metal is advantageously aluminum or titanium and the light metal alloy advantageously contains aluminum and/or titanium, for example an AlMg3 alloy. According to another advantageous variant of the module described here, fastening means are detachably connected to an outside of the outer shell, by means of which the module can be mounted on a flat roof, for example, or integrated into a building facade or a building roof. Alternatively or additionally, the module or a module group, consisting of at least two detachably connected modules, can be reversibly mounted on a mobile, in particular rollable, substructure by means of the aforementioned fastening means. Another advantageous embodiment provides that a distance D between an inside of the outer shell and an outside of the lower part 30 of the hollow body is the same or essentially the same all the way around. Another variant of the module provides that the insulating means has or is an insulating layer. In another alternative or additional In one embodiment, the insulating agent comprises silica, advantageously pyrogenic silica. Particularly advantageously, the insulating agent comprises pyrogenic silica and a metal composite film or consists of pyrogenic silica and a metal composite film, wherein the air is advantageously removed from the insulating agent. Another advantageous variant of the module provides that the insulating agent fills or essentially fills the intermediate space. In yet another advantageous variant of the module, the intermediate space is pumped empty of air or essentially pumped empty of air. In this case, an insulating agent in the true sense of the word can usually be dispensed with, and the outer shell has an evacuation nozzle which is connected to a negative pressure generating system, comprising an evacuation pump, during the evacuation of the outer shell. The creation of an airless or essentially airless intermediate space is not only simple and inexpensive to implement, but also saves resources, especially since an insulating agent for thermal insulation can be dispensed with. According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that - the hollow body is an elongated hollow body 20 and/or - the upper wall is plate-shaped or curved, in particular convex. The elongated hollow body is in particular a 25 cuboid whose side walls have an identical height, the height of each side wall being less than 50% of the width of the upper wall or less than 50% of the width of the lower wall of the cuboid. Such an elongated hollow body naturally has a comparatively high ratio of inner surface to volume. This 30 has a positive effect on the efficiency of the module presented here. In other words: by providing an elongated hollow body as described here, the efficiency of the module is further improved. Yet another embodiment of the module provides that the hollow body is cuboid-shaped or essentially cuboid-shaped, the lower part comprising: - a lower wall, 5 - a first longitudinal side wall and a second longitudinal side wall, - a first transverse side wall and a second transverse side wall. Advantageously, at least one of the walls of the lower part has one or more of the following properties: 10 i. is made of one piece or several pieces, ii. is made of one layer or several layers, iii. is dimensionally stable, iv. has at least some sections a material which has the lowest possible thermal conductivity coefficient, is advantageously not thermally conductive 15 or is essentially not thermally conductive, or is at least some sections made of at least one material which has the lowest possible thermal conductivity coefficient, is advantageously not thermally conductive or is essentially not thermally conductive. 20 According to yet another variant of the module, the hollow body is essentially cuboid-shaped, wherein i. a plane EU, within which the lower wall extends, is inclined by an angle of greater than 0° and less than 90° with respect to a plane EO, 25 within which the upper wall extends; ii. the first transverse side wall and the second transverse side wall are each formed as a right-angled trapezoid, wherein the first transverse side wall and the second transverse side wall - are arranged parallel to one another, and 30 - are each arranged orthogonally to the upper wall, the first longitudinal side wall and the second longitudinal side wall; iii. a height of the second longitudinal side wall is less than a height of the first longitudinal side wall, wherein the first longitudinal side wall and the second longitudinal side wall - are arranged parallel to one another, and 5 - are each arranged orthogonally to the upper wall, the first transverse side wall and the second transverse side wall. In an alternative embodiment of the module described here, 10 it is provided that the first transverse side wall and the second transverse side wall are each designed as a non-rectangular trapezoid. A further alternative or supplementary variant of the module described here provides that a height of the second longitudinal side wall is less than a height of the first longitudinal side wall. 15 According to a further embodiment of the module, a glass cover is arranged at a distance above the hollow body, wherein i. a length of the glass cover essentially - corresponds to a length of the upper wall of the hollow body, or 20 - corresponds to a length of the outer shell that surrounds the lower part of the hollow body, and a width of the glass cover essentially - corresponds to a width of the upper wall of the hollow body, or 25 - corresponds to a width of the outer shell that surrounds the lower part of the hollow body, ii. an underside of the glass cover is connected or can be connected by a sealing element running around the edge, in particular airtight and/or moisture-tight, in particular force-, form- and/or friction-locked, 30 - to the upper wall of the hollow body, in particular to the outer surface of the upper wall of the hollow body, and/or- with the upper edge of the outer shell, which surrounds the lower part of the hollow body. At the same time, the sealing element laterally delimits an air space formed between the underside 5 of the glass cover and the upper wall of the hollow body, in particular the outer surface of the upper wall of the hollow body. The outer surface of the upper wall of the hollow body can be at least partially textured and/or at least partially provided with a solar energy absorbing coating. 10 Heat builds up advantageously in the air space formed under the glass cover, in particular when the glass cover is made of heat-insulating laminated safety glass or heat-insulating insulating glass. The latter advantageously has 15 good light transmission - and thus also good heat transmission - in the direction of the hollow body. In addition, both heat-insulating laminated safety glass and heat-insulating insulating glass advantageously have a low heat transfer coefficient. In other words: heat contained in the air space under the glass cover is not or essentially not released through the glass cover to the outside. Rather, it is largely released to the thermally conductive material of the upper wall of the hollow body, the outer surface of which may be at least partially textured and/or at least partially provided with a solar energy-absorbing, in particular surface-textured, coating. The provision of a glass cover therefore has a positive effect on the efficiency of the module described here. Instead of an air space, a space that is pumped empty of air or essentially pumped empty of air can be provided between the underside of the glass cover and the upper wall of the hollow body, in particular the outer surface 30 of the upper wall of the hollow body. An evacuation nozzle is then arranged within the sealing element running around the edge, which is connected to a A vacuum generating system comprising an evacuation pump is connected. An airless or essentially airless space provides very good thermal insulation between the underside of the glass cover and the upper wall of the hollow body, in particular the outer surface of the upper wall of the hollow body. In addition, it is also translucent and can be implemented easily and inexpensively. According to a further embodiment of the module, the glass cover is designed to be disc-shaped or curved. In particular, the glass cover is designed to correspond to the plate-shaped or curved upper wall: If the upper wall is plate-shaped, the glass cover is in particular disc-shaped. Alternatively, it can be curved, in particular convex. If the upper wall is curved, the glass cover is also curved. In particular, the glass cover is then either identically curved to the upper wall or more curved than the upper wall. According to a further embodiment of the module, the hollow body, which is advantageously elongated, has a plate-shaped upper wall, with a disk-shaped glass cover being arranged vertically or essentially vertically spaced above the hollow body. A plane EG1, within which the glass cover extends, and the plane EO, within which the upper wall 25 extends, run essentially parallel to one another, in particular parallel to one another. The sealing element can be designed in one piece or in several parts, for example as a sealing web or as a sealing support. A further alternative or additional embodiment of the module provides that the sealing element is made of a material which is heat-insulating and not heat-conductive or essentially not heat-conductive. In particular, the sealing element is made of a synthetic rubber, for example chloroprene rubber.Another embodiment of the module provides that the glass cover has a light transmittance of at least 90%. 5 Another embodiment of the module provides that the glass cover has a layer thickness of at most 8 mm, advantageously from 3 mm to 8 mm. According to an advantageous variant of the module described here, the glass cover is disk-shaped and made of laminated safety glass. 10 According to yet another embodiment, an inwardly projecting collar or a circumferential web is provided at an upper end of the outer shell. The inwardly projecting collar or the circumferential web are advantageously formed in one piece with the outer shell. 15 A further variant of the module provides that a circumferential inwardly projecting collar is provided at an upper end of the outer shell, wherein an underside of the collar - rests on the upper end of the intermediate space, in particular can be connected or is connected to the upper end of the intermediate space in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or friction-fitting manner, or - rests on an upper side of the glass cover, in particular can be connected or is connected to the upper side of the glass cover in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or friction-fitting manner. The inwardly projecting collar is usually made of the same material as the outer shell. 30 According to an embodiment of the module described here, the insulating means provided in the intermediate space are advantageously protected from external influences, in particular from moisture, by means of the circumferential inwardly projecting collar. The in particular force-fitting and/or frictionally locking the underside of the collar with the upper end of the gap is achieved, for example, by simply pressing and/or pressing the collar. In another advantageous variant of the module described here, the inwardly projecting collar 5 protrudes beyond the outside of the lower part of the hollow body. In an alternative variant of the module described here, a disc-shaped glass cover is provided, wherein an underside of a circumferential inwardly projecting collar is connectable or connected to the top of the glass cover, in particular by force and/or friction. This provides additional protection for the outer edges of the glass cover, for example against chipping. A further advantage is that the glass cover is prevented from slipping sideways if the material of the insulation should fatigue during the module's usually long service life, in particular decades, 15 for example if it loses volume and/or strength. If a disk-shaped glass cover or a curved glass cover is provided, a circumferential web can be provided at the upper end of the outer shell instead of a circumferential 20 collar projecting inwards. In the simplest case, the circumferential web is formed in one piece with the outer shell. Advantageously, a length of the web corresponds to a height of the glass cover. 25 In another variant of the module, at least one heat-conducting element is arranged on an underside of the upper wall, wherein they are connected in particular in a force-, form-, friction- and/or material-locking manner to the underside of the upper wall. 30 Heat-conducting elements serve to increase the surface for heating a gas or a fluid, for example a heat transfer medium. In a variant of the module described here, at least one of the heat-conducting elements is designed as a lamella or as a corrugated fin or as a pin. It For example, slats and corrugated fins or slats and pins or corrugated fins and pins can also be provided. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the module has an elongated hollow body with an upper wall, in particular one that is plate-shaped, wherein several 5 heat-conducting elements are provided and wherein the heat-conducting elements are arranged parallel or essentially parallel to the transverse side walls of the hollow body, i.e. the lower part. According to an alternative or additional embodiment, the heat-conducting elements have different lengths and/or are independently releasably connected at least in sections by force or friction to the inner surface of the lower wall of the lower part, which is for example plate-shaped or convex. According to yet another embodiment of the module, the at least one heat-conducting element is made of a heat-conductive metallic material, a heat-conductive ceramic material or a heat-conductive plastic material, for example aluminum, copper, stainless steel, aluminum nitride ceramic, aluminum oxide ceramic or a plastic that contains a metallic material to increase the thermal conductivity. Urethane containing aluminum is also an option. 20 Yet another embodiment of the module provides that a first end of a first drain pipe can be connected or is connected to the opening. A second end of the first drain pipe can be arranged below the module, for example. 25 According to a further embodiment of the module, i. the opening is provided in the upper wall of the hollow body, and/or ii. the opening and the first end of the first drain pipe can be connected or are connected to one another in a force-, form-, friction- and/or material-locking manner by an arcuate, for example U-shaped, pipe section. Yet another embodiment of the module provides that a first end of a first drain pipe can be connected or is connected to the first outlet opening. A second end of the first drain pipe can be arranged, for example, below the module. 5 Another variant of the module provides that i. the first outlet opening is provided in the upper wall of the hollow body, and/or 10 ii. the first outlet opening and the first end of the first drain pipe can be connected or are connected to one another in a force-fitting, form-fitting, frictional and/or material-fitting manner by an arcuate, for example U-shaped, pipe section. Yet another embodiment of the module provides that a 15 pressure relief valve is provided, which is arranged in particular in an upper region of the module. Alternatively or additionally, a pressure sensor can be inside the hollow body. A pressure relief valve and/or a pressure sensor are to be provided in particular when a manually operated shut-off valve and/or a manually operated shut-off valve, for example a needle shut-off valve, is assigned to the opening or the first outlet opening. In particular, it is then possible to estimate in a simple and cost-effective manner when so much water vapor has formed in the hollow body that the shut-off valve and/or the shut-off valve must be opened in order to allow the water vapor to escape from the hollow body. Overall, the provision of a pressure relief valve and/or a pressure sensor further simplifies the handling of the module presented here and makes it even safer. In another variant of the module, in which a reversibly closable opening is provided in an upper region of the hollow body, a reversibly closable second outlet opening is also provided in a lower region of the hollow body for draining the brine and/or solids remaining in the hollow body.According to a further embodiment of the module, in which a reversibly closable inlet opening and, in an upper region of the hollow body, a reversibly closable first outlet opening are provided, 5 i. a reversibly closable second outlet opening for draining the brine and/or solids remaining in the hollow body is also provided in a lower region of the hollow body, and/or 10 ii. a reversibly closable third outlet opening is provided for establishing a fluid connection with an inlet opening of a second module. The aforementioned second module has in particular - an inlet opening and a first outlet opening, 15 or - an inlet opening, a first outlet opening and a third outlet opening. According to yet another embodiment 20 - the inlet opening is provided in an upper region or in a lateral region of the hollow body, and - the third outlet opening is provided in a lower region or in a lateral region of the hollow body. 25 The inlet opening and the third outlet opening of a module can, for example, be arranged in alignment, namely when both openings are provided in opposite lateral areas of the hollow body, or can be arranged in diagonally or essentially diagonally opposite areas. It is particularly advantageous 30 if the inlet opening and the third outlet opening are arranged as far apart from each other as possible. In the absence of a second outlet opening, i.e. if a) only the opening is provided or b) only the inlet opening and the first outlet opening and possibly the third outlet opening are provided, brine and/or any remaining solids 5 in the hollow body can optionally be poured out via the opening or via the inlet opening. According to a further embodiment of the module, it is provided that the second outlet opening and/or the third outlet opening can be reversibly closed independently 10 of one another, for example by means of a simple closure, for example a screw cap or a plug. According to a further variant, a shut-off tap and/or a shut-off valve are assigned independently of one another to the second outlet opening and/or the third outlet opening. The shut-off valve can be operated manually or 15 can be self-opening or have a sensor. Alternatively, the sensor can be assigned to the shut-off valve. If a second outlet opening is provided, the sensor can be arranged, for example, on a side wall in a lower area of the interior of the hollow body 20. If the fill level falls below the height at which the sensor is arranged, the shut-off valve opens briefly and the brine can flow out. According to another variant, a mechanical sensor is provided which consists of a float. The latter rises and falls depending on the fill level within the module. The float can have a 25 magnet so that the position of the float is detected contactlessly with a magnetic sensor, for example a reed switch. This is a particularly simple, cost-effective and robust variant. If a third outlet opening is provided, the sensor controls a shut-off valve assigned to the third 30 outlet opening, whereby the shut-off valve opens or closes automatically, in particular depending on the water flow measured by the sensor (unit: volume per unit of time, e.g. L/min). According to another variant, a mechanical sensor , which consists of a float. The latter rises and falls depending on the fill level within the module. The float can have a magnet so that the position of the float is detected without contact using a magnetic sensor, for example a reed switch 5. This is a particularly simple, cost-effective and robust variant. In a further embodiment of the module, it is provided that a shut-off valve and/or a stopcock is provided at the inlet opening, at the first outlet opening, at the second outlet opening 10 and at the third outlet opening. In other words: the inlet opening, the first outlet opening, the second outlet opening and the third outlet opening can be reversibly closed independently of one another by means of a shut-off valve and/or a stopcock. 15 In a further variant of the module, a first end of a second drain pipe can be connected or is connected to the second outlet opening. A second end of the second drain pipe can be arranged below the module, for example. According to yet another embodiment, the second outlet opening 20 is provided in the lower wall of the hollow body, i.e. in the lower wall of the lower part, and/or the second drain pipe is designed as an L-shaped pipe. Alternatively, the second outlet opening can be provided in a lower region of one of the longitudinal side walls or one of the transverse side walls. If the lower part of the hollow body 25 is funnel-shaped or essentially funnel-shaped, the second outlet opening is provided centrally or essentially centrally in the lower wall of the hollow body, i.e. in the lower wall of the lower part. Another variant of the module provides that the first drain pipe and/or 30 the curved pipe section and/or the second drain pipe is made of a metallic material. According to yet another embodiment, the first drain pipe and/or the curved pipe section and/or the second drain pipe has a coolable outer jacket. According to an alternative or additional embodiment, it is provided that at least one fan is arranged within a) the first drain pipe and/or 5 b) the curved pipe section through which the first outlet opening and the first end of the first drain pipe can be or are connected to one another. At least one of the fans can be assigned a photovoltaic cell 10 by means of which the electricity required to operate the fan is generated in a cost-effective, resource-saving and environmentally friendly manner. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the fans can be assigned an interval circuit. 15 Depending on the type of fan and the position at which a fan is arranged, the steam can be sucked out of the module and/or pushed out of the first drain pipe, for example in the direction of a collecting container. As a result, the volume of steam escaping from the module per unit of time increases, which in turn has a positive effect on the 20 evaporation rate within the module. Overall, the efficiency of the module is further improved. Yet another embodiment of the module provides that the inlet opening is provided in an upper region of the hollow body, 25 for example in a corner of a wall of the hollow body, and the second outlet opening is provided in a lower region of the hollow body, for example diagonally or essentially diagonally spaced from the inlet opening. 30 In another variant of the module, the hollow body is cuboid-shaped, and the inlet opening is provided in the upper wall of the hollow body, and the second outlet opening is in the lower wall of the hollow body or in one of the longitudinal side walls or in one of the Transverse side walls are provided, the inlet opening and the second outlet opening being arranged as far apart from one another as possible, for example in diagonally opposite corners. 5 The object is also achieved by a device for the, in particular solar, extraction of drinking water from raw water, for example from sea water, brackish water, river water, contaminated groundwater or waste water, in particular from sea water or brackish water, by evaporation, comprising 10 i. a raw water supply, ii. a module for the, in particular solar, heating and/or evaporation of a fluid, in particular a liquid heat transfer medium, in particular according to one or more of the embodiments described above, wherein 15 - a reversibly closable inlet opening for the fluid, - a reversibly closable first outlet opening for the fluid converted from its liquid state to its gaseous state is provided in an upper region of the hollow body, 20 iii. a preheating unit for preheating the raw water, wherein - the raw water supply is in fluid communication with an inlet opening provided in an upper region of the preheating unit, - an outlet opening provided in a lower region of the preheating unit is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of the module 25; or - the raw water supply is in fluid communication with an inlet opening provided in a lower region of the preheating unit, - an outlet opening provided in an upper region of the preheating unit is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of the module, or - the raw water supply is in fluid connection with an inlet opening provided in an upper area of the preheating unit, - an outlet opening provided in an upper area of the preheating unit is in fluid connection with the inlet opening of the module 5, wherein a) the preheating unit is also a condenser for condensing the steam generated in the module into drinking water, and b) the reversibly closable first outlet opening of the module is in fluid connection with an inlet opening of a condensation pipe, wherein the condensation pipe is arranged in the preheating unit. The device presented here for obtaining drinking water can - in the simplest, most cost-effective, environmentally and resource-saving case - be operated with the supply of solar energy. Alternatively or additionally, the thermal energy to be supplied can be generated using other renewable primary energy sources and/or conventional primary energy sources. The device presented here can therefore be operated - as described above for the module contained therein - with the supply of thermal energy generated renewably and/or conventionally generated thermal energy. Alternatively or additionally, the device described here can also be operated with the supply of thermal energy, for the generation of which pyrolysis gas and/or pyrolysis oil and/or synthesis gas was used as the energy source, which was generated by a pyrolysis process for the treatment of plastic waste. With regard to the definitions of the terms "renewably generated energy" and "conventionally generated energy", reference is made to the above description of the module for the heating and/or evaporation of a gas or a fluid, in particular solar energy. The same applies with regard to any additional components required if, as an alternative or in addition to solar energy, renewably generated thermal energy and/or conventionally generated thermal energy and/or thermal energy generated by The thermal energy generated by burning pyrolysis gas and/or pyrolysis oil and/or synthesis gas is used. The safety measures specified above to be observed during operation of the module also apply to the operation of the device described here. 5 The device described here for producing drinking water from raw water is characterized by the fact that it is particularly simple and inexpensive to manufacture, install and operate. In addition, it is robust, for example resistant to acids and alkalis, and less susceptible to failure. In addition, depending on requirements, it can comprise a module according to one of the embodiments described above or several such modules which can be connected in series. All modules or at least some of the modules can be in fluid communication with one another. This device is therefore advantageously suitable for private use 15 as well as for use in the public, industrial or agricultural sectors. In the device presented here for producing drinking water from raw water, the raw water first enters the preheating unit. This serves 20 as a heat exchanger. In the simplest case, as described above, the steam generated in the module escapes through the first outlet opening, which can advantageously be assigned a pressure relief valve, from the hollow body of the module directly into a condensation pipe, in particular a spiral-shaped one (approved for drinking water), which advantageously has a relatively large 25 internal diameter, e.g. in the range of 20 to 50 mm. The condensation pipe is surrounded by the supplied raw water, which is cooler than the water vapor in the condensation pipe. The condensation pipe is therefore cooled from the outside. This accelerates the condensation of the water vapor generated in the module and located inside the 30 condensation pipe. The condensation heat is transferred to the raw water, which heats it up.The slightly heated raw water is fed from the preheating unit into the hollow body of the module via a water pipe. The water pipe is arranged in a serpentine shape, for example. In the water pipe, which is exposed to solar radiation in the case of fully or partially solar production of drinking water, the raw water is heated further before it is fed into the hollow body of the module. The raw water fed in is heated further in the hollow body of the module. The heat comes from the upper wall of the module, which is advantageously exposed directly to the sun in the case of fully or partially solar production of drinking water and is thus heated. The heat energy is transferred to the raw water particularly efficiently via heat conducting elements provided inside the module. This causes the water to evaporate. The resulting steam pressure causes the water vapor to enter the condensation pipe arranged in the preheating unit. The steam cools down in there and condenses. The resulting water is drained into a tank, a pipe system or an irrigation system (e.g. drip irrigation), which is in fluid connection with the condensation pipe. The raw water supply can be designed in such a way that it is in fluid connection 20 with the inlet openings of several devices, which are supplied with raw water simultaneously or at predefinable intervals. In such a device, comprising several of the devices presented here for obtaining drinking water from raw water, the individual devices can advantageously comprise several of the modules 25 described above, at least some of which are in fluid connection with one another. By means of such a device, larger volumes of drinking water can be efficiently provided continuously in a particularly simple, cost-effective, environmentally friendly and resource-saving manner. 30 According to a further advantageous embodiment, the inlet opening provided in the upper or lower area of the preheating unit is assigned a shut-off valve which can be operated manually or is self-opening or which has a sensor. Alternatively, the sensor can be connected to the Shut-off valve. The sensor controls the shut-off valve assigned to the inlet opening of the preheating unit, the shut-off valve opening or closing automatically, in particular depending on the water flow measured by the sensor (unit: e.g. L/min). A mechanical sensor can also be provided, which consists of a float and rises and falls depending on the fill level within the preheating unit. The float can also have a magnet. 10 It is particularly advantageous if the inlet opening is provided in the lower area of the preheating unit and the outlet opening is provided in the upper area of the preheating unit. According to a further advantageous variant, it is provided that the 15 inlet opening and the outlet opening are arranged as far apart from each other as possible, for example in diagonal or essentially diagonally opposite corners of the preheating unit. This applies in particular when the inlet opening is provided in the lower region 20 of the preheating unit, for example in a lower wall of the preheating unit or in a lower region of a side wall of the preheating unit, and the outlet opening is provided in the upper region of the preheating unit, for example in an upper wall of the preheating unit or in an upper region of a side wall of the preheating unit. In an alternative embodiment, the inlet opening and the outlet opening are provided in the upper region of the preheating unit, with the inlet opening being provided, for example, in the upper wall of the preheating unit 30. Then, in addition to the condensation tube, a tube, for example a straight or substantially straight tube, is provided within the preheating unit. The tube has a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to the inlet opening and the second end is arranged at the smallest possible distance above an inner surface of the lower wall of the preheating unit. An advantageous embodiment of the device provides that 5 i. the preheating unit is arranged between the raw water supply and the module, and/or ii. the outlet opening of the preheating unit is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of the module via a water pipe, 10 and/or iii. an outlet opening of the condensation pipe is in particular in fluid communication with a collecting container, for example a tank, and/or a pipe system. 15 According to a further advantageous variant, an outer surface of the water pipe is at least partially, for example in sections, provided with a solar energy absorbing coating. Another variant of the device provides that the solar energy absorbing coating provided at least partially on the outer 20 surface of the water pipe is colored dark, in particular black. In another embodiment, the water pipe is made of a metal-containing material, for example a metal alloy, or a metal. The metal can be copper 25, for example. The solar energy absorbing coating is advantageously an acid and/or corrosion-resistant coating which has the highest possible thermal conductivity coefficient, i.e. is as thermally conductive as possible. In an advantageous embodiment, the coating comprises a thermally conductive metal alloy and/or a thermally conductive metal or consists of a thermally conductive alloy and/or a thermally conductive metal. For example, a coating containing aluminum can be provided, such as a coating containing urethane and aluminum, or a ceramic coating such as an aluminum nitride ceramic or an aluminum oxide ceramic. A further embodiment provides that the solar energy absorbing coating is a ceramic coating which comprises silicon dioxide, for example together with aluminum nitride. Advantageously, the 5 coatings provided can be applied to the respective outer surface in a simple and cost-effective manner using standard methods, particularly in the case of a ceramic coating, usually using a dipping process or a spraying process. Yet another embodiment provides that the water pipe has a relatively small 10 inner diameter, in particular of less than 20 mm, for example of 15 mm or 10 mm or 5 mm. The water pipe can therefore also have an inner diameter of 19 mm or 18 mm or 17 mm or 16 mm or 14 mm or 13 mm or 12 mm or 11 or 9 mm or 8 mm or 7 mm or 6 mm 15. The inner diameter of the water pipe should be at least 1 mm. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the device for obtaining drinking water, a reversibly closable second outlet opening 20 is provided in a lower region of the hollow body for draining the brine and/or solids remaining in the hollow body. According to yet another embodiment of the device for obtaining 25 drinking water, at least one fan is arranged within a) the fluid connection between the first outlet opening and the inlet opening of the, in particular spiral-shaped, condensation pipe and/or b) the, in particular spiral-shaped, condensation pipe and/or 30 c) the fluid connection between the outlet opening of the, in particular spiral-shaped, condensation pipe and the collecting container and/or the pipe system d) the collecting container and/or the pipe system. At least one of the fans can be assigned a photovoltaic cell, by means of which the electricity required to operate the fan is generated in a cost-effective, resource-saving and environmentally friendly manner. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the fans can be assigned an interval circuit. Depending on the type of fan and the position in which a fan is arranged, the steam can be sucked out of the module and/or pushed in the direction of the collecting container and/or the pipe system. As a result, the volume of steam escaping from the module per unit of time increases, which in turn has a positive effect on the evaporation rate within the module. Overall, the efficiency of the device for producing drinking water is further improved. 15 According to a further variant of the device for producing drinking water presented here, the device comprises at least two modules for heating and/or evaporating a fluid, in particular by solar means. 20 If a device presented here for obtaining drinking water comprises several modules for heating and/or evaporating a fluid, in particular a liquid heat carrier, in particular in accordance with one or more of the embodiments described above, then advantageously at least some of the modules are in fluid communication with one another. For example, modules that are in fluid communication with one another are A. arranged vertically spaced apart, whereby, for example, a stack-like or cascade-like arrangement of the modules can be provided; B. arranged horizontally spaced apart, whereby, for example, a straight-line arrangement or a zigzag-line arrangement of the modules can be provided, which can additionally be in the form of a strand or a snake;C. arranged vertically spaced apart, with a first module and two modules arranged vertically spaced below it being arranged in the shape of a triangle, with each lower corner of a triangle forming the tip of another triangle, so that two 5 cascade-shaped arrangements are formed starting from the first module and macroscopically a trigonal arrangement also results. It is also possible that part of the modules according to A. and/or part of the modules according to B. and/or part of the 10 modules according to C. are arranged within such a device. The provision of several modules in fluid communication with one another can be advantageous, for example, if the extraction of drinking water is to take place exclusively or almost exclusively with the supply of solar energy 15, but the available area is, for example, partly in the shade or in partial shade, and/or a larger volume of drinking water is continuously required. Then, several devices of the aforementioned type can be used, whereby the first module, which is filled with raw water, and as many of the modules following it as possible should be arranged in such a way that they can absorb the solar energy as best as possible. According to another embodiment, the device comprises two or more modules. 25 According to a further embodiment, the device comprises two or more modules, whereby - at least one module has an inlet opening and a first outlet opening, in particular according to one or more of the embodiments described above, 30 and - at least one module has an inlet opening, a first outlet opening and a third outlet opening for establishing a fluid connection with an inlet opening of a second module, in particular according to one or more of the embodiments described above, wherein at least two modules are in fluid communication with one another. 5 The third outlet opening of the module can be in fluid communication with the inlet opening of a second module - which has an inlet opening and a first outlet opening, or 10 - which has an inlet opening, a first outlet opening and a third outlet opening. According to yet another embodiment, - the inlet opening is provided in an upper region or in a lateral region 15 of the hollow body, and - the third outlet opening is provided in a lower region or in a lateral region of the hollow body. According to a further embodiment of the device for obtaining 20 drinking water, the device i. at least one first module MD according to one or more of the embodiments described above, which in addition to the inlet opening and the first outlet opening has a reversibly closable third outlet opening, wherein 25 - the inlet opening is provided in an upper region or in a lateral region of the hollow body, and - the third outlet opening is provided in a lower region or in a lateral region of the hollow body, and 30 ii. at least one last module MF according to one or more of the embodiments described above is provided, which has an inlet opening and a first outlet opening, wherein the Inlet opening is provided in an upper region or in a lateral region of the hollow body, wherein A. the third outlet opening of a first module MD1 is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of a first module M^D2which is arranged vertically spaced below the first module MD1, and so on, and the third outlet opening of a last first module MDX in fluid communication with the inlet opening of exactly one last module M^Fwhich is arranged vertically spaced below the last first module MDX; or B. the third outlet opening of a first module MD1 is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of a first module MD2 which is arranged horizontally spaced from the first module MD1, and so on, and the third outlet opening of a last first module MDX is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of exactly one last module M^Fwhich is arranged horizontally spaced from the last first module MDX. or C. the third outlet opening of a first module M^D1is in fluid communication with the inlet opening - of a first module MD2 and - of a first module MD3, wherein the first module MD2 and the first module MD3 are each arranged vertically spaced below the first module MD1, wherein a vertical distance of the first module MD2 and a vertical distance of the first module MD3 are identical or substantially identical, and so on, and the third outlet opening of a last first module MDX is in fluid communication with the inlet opening - of a last module MF1 and - of a last module MF2, wherein the last module M^F1and the last module M^F2each arranged vertically spaced below the last first module MDX, whereby a vertical distance of the last module MF1 and a vertical distance of the last module MF2 are identical or essentially identical, and so on. The inlet opening and the third outlet opening of a module can, for example, be arranged in alignment, namely when both openings are provided in opposite lateral areas of the hollow body, or can be arranged in diagonal or essentially diagonally opposite areas. It is particularly advantageous if the inlet opening and the third outlet opening are arranged as far apart from each other as possible. If such a device is to be operated exclusively or almost exclusively with the supply of solar energy, it is particularly advantageous if as many first modules M as possible are used.^Dare arranged in such a way that the solar energy can be absorbed in the best possible way. These first modules MD then act as additional preheating units for the first modules M^Dand the exactly one or more last modules M^F, which can absorb comparatively little solar energy, for example because they are set up in partial shade or in the shade or because of their position within the module system. The first modules MD, which enable more efficient drinking water production due to their sunny location, must be filled with new raw water more frequently. According to a further variant of the device for producing drinking water, the device i. comprises at least one first module ME according to one or more of the embodiments described above, which has a cuboid-shaped or a substantially cuboid-shaped hollow body and, in addition to the inlet opening and the first outlet opening, a reversibly closable third outlet opening, wherein - the inlet opening is provided in the upper wall and the third outlet opening is provided in the lower wall or in the first transverse side wall or in the second transverse side wall or in the first longitudinal side wall or in the second longitudinal side wall 5, or - the inlet opening is provided in the first transverse side wall and the third outlet opening is provided in the second transverse side wall, 10 or - the inlet opening is provided in the first longitudinal side wall and the third outlet opening is provided in the second longitudinal side wall, or 15 - the inlet opening is provided in the first transverse side wall or in the second transverse side wall and the third outlet opening is provided in the first longitudinal side wall or in the second longitudinal side wall, or 20 - the inlet opening is provided in the first longitudinal side wall or in the second longitudinal side wall and the third outlet opening is provided in the first transverse side wall or in the second transverse side wall, and 25 ii. at least one last module ML is provided according to one or more of the embodiments described above, which has a cuboid-shaped or a substantially cuboid-shaped hollow body, an inlet opening and a first outlet opening, 30 wherein the inlet opening is provided in the first transverse side wall or in the second transverse side wall or in the first longitudinal side wall or in the second longitudinal side wall, wherein a. the third outlet opening of a first module ME1 is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of a first module ME2, which is arranged vertically spaced below the first module ME1, and so on, and the third outlet opening of a last first module MEX is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of exactly one last module M^Lwhich is arranged vertically spaced below the last first module MEX; or b. the third outlet opening of a first module M^E1is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of a first module ME2, which is arranged horizontally spaced from the first module ME1, and so on, and the third outlet opening of a last first module MEX is in fluid communication with the inlet opening of exactly one last module ML, which is arranged horizontally spaced from the last first module MEX; or c. the third outlet opening of a first module M^E1is in fluid communication with the inlet opening - of a first module ME2 and - of a first module M^E3, wherein the first module ME2 and the first module ME3 are each arranged vertically spaced below the first module ME1, wherein a vertical distance of the first module ME2 and a vertical distance of the first module ME3 are identical or substantially identical, and so on, and the third outlet opening of a last first module MEX is in fluid communication with the inlet opening - of a last module ML1 and - of a last module ML2, wherein the last module M^L1and the last module M^L2are each arranged vertically spaced below the last first module MEX, with a vertical distance of the last module ML1 and a vertical distance of the last module M^L2are identical or essentially identical, and so on.The inlet opening and the third outlet opening of a module can, for example, be arranged in alignment, namely when both openings are provided in opposite side walls, or arranged in diagonally opposite corners. It is particularly advantageous if the inlet opening and the third outlet opening are arranged as far apart as possible. If such a device is to be operated exclusively or almost exclusively with the supply of solar energy, it is particularly advantageous if as many first modules ME as possible are arranged so that the solar energy can be absorbed as best as possible. These first modules ME then act as additional preheating units for the first modules ME that are in fluid connection with them, as well as the one or more last modules ML, which can absorb comparatively little solar energy, for example because they are set up in partial shade or in the shade or due to their position within the module system. The first modules ME, which enable more efficient drinking water production due to their sunny location, must be filled with new raw water more frequently. A further variant of the device provides that at least one of the raw water supplies is in fluid connection with a water pump associated with a raw water reservoir, for example a tank, wherein the water pump is in particular a solar-powered and/or wind-driven water pump. Alternatively, at least one of the raw water supplies can be in fluid connection with a container filled with raw water, for example a tank, which is arranged above the first module ME1. According to an advantageous embodiment, a filter is provided in front of the water pump, by means of which macroscopic contaminants, for example marine animals, stones, plastic contaminants and the like, are removed from the raw water. In a further variant of the device, a sensor is attached to at least one of the modules, in particular to each of the modules., by means of which a raw water inlet, in particular the water volume and the inlet speed, is controlled and/or regulated. The sensor controls a shut-off valve assigned to the inlet opening of the preheating unit, the shut-off valve in particular 5 automatically opening or closing depending on the water flow measured by the sensor (unit: volume per unit of time, e.g. L/min). The sensor can be assigned to the shut-off valve or be part of the shut-off valve. According to yet another embodiment, a mechanical sensor is provided instead of a flow sensor, which consists of a 10 float. The latter rises and falls depending on the fill level within the preheating unit. The float can have a magnet so that the position of the float can be detected contactlessly with a magnetic sensor, for example a reed switch. This is a particularly simple, cost-effective and robust variant. 15 In yet another variant of the device, the second outlet opening provided for draining the brine and/or solids remaining in the hollow body is fluidly connected to at least one module, in particular each of the modules, in each case to a device for salt extraction, wherein the device for salt extraction comprises: i. a brine collecting unit comprising salt and water, ii. a glass cover permeable to sunlight, on the underside of which the water from the brine condenses, iii. a collecting channel, 25 wherein the glass cover can be or is connected to the collecting unit in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or friction-fitting manner, and wherein a plane EG2, within which the glass cover extends, is inclined at an angle of greater than 0° and less than 90° with respect to a plane E^A, within which a lower wall of the collecting unit extends, is inclined. 30 This variant of the module enables 100 percent desalination. In other words: the highly saline residual water (brine) remaining in the hollow body of the module is removed in the device for salt extraction. remaining water is removed. The salt extracted from the brine using solar energy can be used, for example, as table salt after any necessary purification by recrystallization. In addition, the brine remaining in the hollow body of the module is prevented from being returned to the sea in a simple manner and without the use of fossil energy 5. Overall, the environment and resources are protected. By providing a device for salt extraction and the resulting possibility of removing the brine remaining in the hollow body in a simple 10 and rapid manner, the efficiency of the device described here for obtaining drinking water from raw water is further improved. This is because the portion of the internal volume of the module taken up by the brine can be quickly filled again with raw water. 15 The brine collection unit is advantageously made of a heat-conducting material, for example stainless steel. The task is also solved by a device for heating a fluid, in particular a liquid heat carrier, 20 in particular by solar means, comprising i. a feed unit for the fluid to be heated, ii. a module, in particular according to one or more of the embodiments described above, iii. a discharge unit for the heated fluid from the module. 25 The fluid can be, for example, an oil or a mixture containing water and glycol, the latter being used, for example, as a heat transfer medium for thermal solar systems. 30 Further features, details and advantages of the invention emerge from the wording of the claims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. They show: Fig.1 a top view of a module which has a cuboid-shaped hollow body, Fig.1a a cross section of the module of Fig.1 along the axis A-A, Fig.1b a cross section of the module of Fig.1 along the axis B-B, 5 Fig.2 a cross section along the axis A-A of a module which has the features of the module of Fig.1 and additionally a second outlet opening, Fig.3 a cross section along the axis A-A of a module which has the features of the module of Fig.1 and additionally an outer shell 10, Fig.4 a cross section along the axis A-A of a module which has the features of the module of Fig.1 and additionally a glass cover, Fig.5 a cross section along the axis A-A of a module which has the 15 features of the module of Fig.1 and additionally at least one heat conducting element, Fig.6 a cross section along the axis A-A of a module which has a substantially cuboid-shaped hollow body, wherein a first transverse side wall and a second 20 Transverse side walls are each designed as a right-angled trapezoid, Fig.7 is a plan view of another embodiment of a module which has a cuboid-shaped hollow body, wherein an inlet opening and a first outlet opening are provided, 25 Fig.7a is a cross section of the module of Fig.7 along the axis A-A, Fig.7b is a cross section of the module of Fig.7 along the axis B-B, Fig.8 is a plan view of another embodiment of a module which has a cuboid-shaped hollow body, wherein an inlet opening, a first, a second and a third outlet opening 30 are provided, Fig.8a is a cross section of the module of Fig.8 along the axis A-A, Fig.8b is a cross section of the module of Fig.8 along the axis B-B,Fig.9 shows a cross section of a module which has an inlet opening, a first outlet opening and a second outlet opening, the second outlet opening being in fluid communication with a device for salt extraction, Fig.10 shows a plan view of a device for extracting drinking water, comprising a module which has a cuboid-shaped hollow body, an inlet opening, a first and a second outlet opening being provided, Fig.10a shows a cross section of the device of Fig.10 along the axis A-A, Fig.10b shows a cross section of the device of Fig.10 along the axis B-B. The module 10 shown in Figs.1, 1a and 1b is intended for discontinuous heating and/or evaporation of a gaseous or liquid heat carrier, in particular water. For this purpose, in a first step, the empty module 10 is filled with the respective heat transfer medium, in a second step, heating and/or evaporation takes place within the module 10, and after the heating and/or evaporation has ended, in a third step the heated heat transfer medium or a heat transfer medium that has been converted from its liquid state to its gaseous state within the module 10, e.g. water vapor, is removed from the module 10. The module 10 can advantageously be used to easily, inexpensively, environmentally and resource-friendly and efficiently obtain drinking water from raw water with the addition of thermal energy, for example partially or exclusively with the addition of solar energy. The raw water can be, for example, sea water, brackish water, river water, rainwater, wastewater or groundwater that is contaminated, e.g. with organic substances, heavy metal compounds, salts from industry, mining or agriculture. Drinking water is obtained using module 10 through evaporation within module 10, i.e. through the generation of water vapor without heating the water to boiling, extraction of the water vapor from module 10 and condensation of the water vapor. The module 10 shown in Fig.1, 1a and 1b has an elongated, namely cuboid-shaped, hollow body 20, which comprises an upper wall 21 and a lower part 22 adjoining the upper wall 21 downwards. The upper wall 21 has a thermally conductive metal 5 and/or a thermally conductive metal alloy. Alternatively, it can be made of a thermally conductive metal and/or a thermally conductive metal alloy. The thermally conductive material can be, for example, an acid-resistant steel, for example a V2A steel or a V4A steel, or aluminum or an aluminum-magnesium alloy. If the module 10 is to be used to obtain drinking water from salty raw water, in particular from sea water or brackish water, the provision of a saltwater-resistant AlMg3 alloy is particularly advantageous. The lower part 22 has a lower wall 221, a first longitudinal side wall 222, a second longitudinal side wall 223, a first transverse side wall 224 and a second transverse side wall 225 and is connected to the upper wall 21 in a force-fitting, form-fitting, frictional and/or material-fitting manner. As an alternative to such a lower part 22 with a trough-shaped cross-section, a substantially trough-shaped or a funnel-shaped or substantially funnel-shaped lower part 22 can also be provided. Furthermore, the lower part 22 can be formed in several parts, wherein the individual parts can be connected to one another in a force-fitting, form-fitting, frictional and/or material-fitting manner. It is particularly advantageous if the lower part 22 has at least one material, at least in sections, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient that is as low as possible, is advantageously not thermally conductive or is essentially not thermally conductive, or is made entirely from such a material. The material is advantageously selected from the group consisting of plastics, non- or essentially non-thermally conductive metals, glasses and glassy materials. It is advantageous if an inner surface 201, 210, 212 and/or an outer surface 202, 211, 226 of the hollow body 20 is corrosion-resistant, in particular acid-resistant, and suitable for drinking water. The inner surface 201, 210, 212 and/or an outer surface 202, 211, 226 can, for example, be provided with a corresponding coating. If the module 10 is partially or completely solar-operated, it is advantageous if the 5 outer surface 202, 211 of the upper wall 21 is at least partially, for example in sections, textured, in particular roughened, and/or at least partially, for example in sections, provided with a solar energy absorbing coating (not shown). The latter can be colored dark, in particular black. Alternatively or additionally, an outer surface of the solar energy absorbing coating (not shown) can be at least partially textured, in particular roughened. An opening 23a provided in an upper region of the hollow body 20, here in the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20, which can be reversibly closed by means of a closure 231, 15, for example by means of a screw cap or a plug, serves as an inlet for the respective heat transfer medium when filling the module 10. When emptying the module 10, the opening 23a functions as an outlet for the heated heat transfer medium or for the heat transfer medium that has been converted from its liquid state to its gaseous state, e.g. water vapor. The filling with raw water can be carried out, for example, using a watering can, a hose or a pipe that can be reversibly connected to the opening 23a. It is particularly advantageous if the opening 23a has a thread. A pipe can then be reversibly connected to the opening 23a for filling. After filling the module 10, a (not shown), in particular spiral-shaped, (condensation) pipe, which advantageously has a relatively large inner diameter, e.g. in the range of 20 to 50 mm, can be connected to the opening 23a easily and quickly, if necessary using a threaded transition piece (not shown). Water vapor generated during operation of the module 10 30 can escape through the opening 23a into the (not shown), in particular spiral-shaped, (condensation) pipe that is in fluid connection with it and condense therein. The drinking water produced in this way can either be stored in a collecting container (not shown) be collected or used immediately, e.g. for (drip) irrigation of a field. During operation of the module 10, it must always be ensured that 5 pressure equalization is possible, i.e. that excess pressure can escape. If no (condensation) pipe is provided during operation of the module 10, the opening 23a can be reversibly closed, for example by means of a mechanical safety valve or pressure relief valve (not shown). Alternatively, a (not shown) 10 shut-off valve can be assigned to the opening 23a during operation, which has a sensor (not shown) or to which a sensor is assigned. Such a valve opens and closes automatically, namely depending on a water vapor flow measured by the sensor (unit: e.g. L/min). 15 If the module 10 is used for the production of drinking water from saline raw water, it is advantageous if, as shown in Fig.2, in addition to the opening 23a, a second outlet opening 27 which can be reversibly closed by means of a closure 271, e.g. by means of a screw cap or a plug, is provided in a lower region (not designated) of the hollow body 20 for draining the brine and/or solids remaining in the hollow body 20. The second outlet opening 27 can, as shown here, be provided in the lower wall 221 of the lower part 22 of the hollow body 20. Alternatively, the second outlet opening can be provided in a lower region (not designated) of one of the side walls 222, 223, 224, 225 of the lower part 22 of the hollow body 20. It is particularly advantageous if the opening 23a and the second outlet opening 27 are arranged as far apart as possible, for example in diagonally opposite corners. The second outlet opening 27 can also be assigned a stopcock (not shown) and/or a shut-off valve (not shown), whereby the shut-off valve can be operated manually or can be self-opening or can have a sensor (not shown). Alternatively, the sensor can be assigned to the shut-off valve. The sensor can be attached, for example, to one of the side walls 222, 223, 224, 225 are arranged in a lower area of the hollow body 20 on an inner surface 201. If the fill level falls below the height at which the sensor is arranged, the shut-off valve opens briefly and the brine can flow out. According to another variant, a mechanical sensor 5 is provided, which consists of a float that rises and falls depending on the fill level within the module 10. The float can also have a magnet. If no second outlet opening 27 is provided, any brine and/or any solids remaining in the hollow body 20 can be poured out via the opening 23a 10. According to the embodiment of the module 10 shown in Fig.3, the lower part 22 of the hollow body 20 is surrounded by an outer shell 30, the volume of which is slightly larger than a volume of the lower part 22 of the hollow body 20. The outer shell 30 is advantageously made of a, in particular corrosion-resistant, light metal or a light metal alloy, wherein the light metal is advantageously aluminum or titanium and the light metal alloy advantageously contains aluminum and/or titanium, for example an AlMg3 alloy. A contour of the outer shell is advantageously 20 similar to or identical to a contour of the lower part 22 of the hollow body 20. The lower part 22 of the hollow body 20 and the outer shell 30 are spaced apart from one another by a gap 31, wherein a distance D between an inner side 302 of the outer shell 30 and an outer side 226 of the lower part 22 of the hollow body 20 is circumferentially the same or substantially the same. An upper edge 301 of the outer shell 30 is flush or substantially flush with the outer surface 211 of the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20. At least in an upper region (not designated) of the intermediate space 31, an insulating means (not shown) can be provided all around, which comprises or is an insulating layer, in particular pyrogenic silica and comprises or consists of a metal composite foil. An upper end of the insulating means advantageously is flush or substantially flush with an upper end (not designated) of the intermediate space 31. The hollow body 20 and the outer shell 30 can be insulated by means of the insulating means. in particular air-tight and/or moisture-tight and in particular force-, form- and/or friction-locked and detachably connected to one another. Alternatively, the intermediate space 31 can be pumped out of air or essentially pumped out of air. In this case, an insulating means in the true sense of the word can usually be dispensed with and the outer shell 30 has an evacuation nozzle (not shown) which is connected to a negative pressure generating system (not shown) comprising an evacuation pump during the evacuation of the outer shell 30. Fastening means (not shown) can be detachably connected to an outer side 303 of the outer shell 30, by means of which the module 10 can be mounted on a surface (not shown). According to the embodiment of the module 10 shown in Fig. 4, a glass cover 40 is arranged vertically spaced above the hollow body 20. As can be seen from Fig.4, in this embodiment of the module 10 it is necessary to provide a nozzle 233 that can be reversibly connected to the opening 23a. In the case of a glass cover 40 that is disk-shaped, as in this variant, a plane E^G1, within which the glass cover 40 extends, and a plane EO, within which the upper wall 21 extends, in particular parallel to one another. In addition, a length of the glass cover 40 advantageously corresponds essentially to a length of the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20, and a width WG of the glass cover 40 advantageously corresponds essentially to a width WO of the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20. An underside 401 of the glass cover 40 is connected to the outer surface 211 of the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20 by a sealing element 41 running around the edge, in particular in an airtight and/or moisture-tight manner and in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or friction-fitting manner. The one-piece or multi-piece sealing element 41 also laterally delimits an air space LR formed between the underside 401 of the glass cover 40 and the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20, in particular the outer surface 202, 211 of the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20. The sealing element 41, e.g. a sealing web or a sealing support, is in particular made of a synthetic rubber, for example chloroprene rubber. Instead of the air space LR, a space that is pumped empty of air or essentially pumped empty of air can be provided between the underside 401 of the glass cover 40 and the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20, in particular the outer surface 202, 211 of the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20, which represents good thermal insulation. An evacuation nozzle (not shown) is then arranged within the sealing element 41 running around the edge, which is connected to a negative pressure generating system, comprising an evacuation pump, during the evacuation of the air space LR. It is particularly advantageous if the glass cover 40 is made from a heat-insulating laminated safety glass or from a heat-insulating insulating glass and/or has a light transmittance of at least 90% 15. Alternatively or additionally, the glass cover 40 can be curved, in particular convex. This is advantageous if the upper wall 21 is curved. The glass cover 40 is then either identically curved to the upper wall 21 or more curved than the upper wall 21. 20 In the variant of the module 10 shown in Fig. 5, at least one heat-conducting element 50 is arranged on an underside 212 of the upper wall 21 and is connected in particular in a force-fitting, form-fitting, frictional and/or material-fitting manner to the underside 212 of the upper wall 21. In this case, the at least one heat conducting element 50 is designed as a lamella, wherein the lamellar heat conducting elements 50 are arranged in particular parallel or substantially parallel to the transverse side walls 224, 225 of the lower part 22 of the hollow body 20. Alternatively or in addition to lamellar heat conducting elements 50, one or more heat conducting elements 50 in the form of corrugated ribs or pins can also be provided. The heat conducting elements 50 can have different lengths. Alternatively or in addition, they can be connected independently of one another at least in sections in a force- or friction-locking manner to an inner surface (not designated) of the lower Wall 221 of the lower part 22. The heat conducting elements 50 are advantageously made of a thermally conductive metallic material, a thermally conductive ceramic material or a thermally conductive plastic material, for example of aluminum, copper, stainless steel, aluminum nitride ceramic, aluminum oxide ceramic or of a plastic which contains a metallic material to increase the thermal conductivity. Urethane containing aluminum is also an option. Fig.6 shows a further variant of the module 10 which is intended for the discontinuous heating and/or evaporation of a gaseous or liquid heat carrier, in particular water. The module 10 according to Fig.6 has a hollow body 20 which is essentially cuboid-shaped. A plane EU, within which the lower wall 221 extends, is inclined at an angle of greater than 0° and less than 90° with respect to a plane E^O, within which the upper wall 21 extends. The first transverse side wall 224 and the second transverse side wall 225 are each designed as a right-angled trapezoid. The two transverse side walls 224, 225 are arranged parallel to one another and each orthogonal to the upper wall 21, the first longitudinal side wall 222 and the second longitudinal side wall 223. A height HL2 of the second longitudinal side wall 223 is less than a height HL1 of the first longitudinal side wall 222. The two longitudinal side walls 222, 223 are arranged parallel to one another and each orthogonal to the upper wall 21, the first transverse side wall 224 and the second transverse side wall 225. Such a module 10 can be used particularly advantageously for producing drinking water from saline raw water, especially since the salt collects at the lowest point of the module 10. It is also possible to provide a module 10 which, in addition to the features of the module 10 of Fig.1 to 1b or the module 10 of Fig.6, has at least two of the features shown in Fig.2 to Fig.5. A module 10 can therefore also be provided which, in addition to the features of the module 10 of Fig.1 to 1b or the module 10 of Fig.6 has all of the additional features shown in Fig.2 to Fig.5, namely a second outlet opening 27 according to Fig.2, an outer shell 30 according to Fig.3, a glass cover 40 according to Fig.4 and at least one heat-conducting element 50 according to Fig.5. 5 In another embodiment of the module 10 ^, as shown in more detail in Figs.7 to 7b, a reversibly closable inlet opening 23b is provided for the heat transfer medium and a separate reversibly closable first outlet opening 24 for the heated heat transfer medium or for the heat transfer medium converted from its liquid state to its gaseous state, e.g. water vapor. Therefore, the module 10 ^ - in contrast to the embodiments of the module 10 shown in Fig.1 to Fig.6 - can be used both for discontinuous operation and for continuous operation. The steam generated during operation within the hollow body 15 20 of the module 10 ^ can thus escape through the first outlet opening 24, for example into a (not shown) (condensation) pipe that is in fluid communication with the first outlet opening 24, in particular a spiral-shaped one, and raw water can be supplied through the inlet opening 23b continuously or at predefinable time intervals. The (condensation) pipe, 20 in particular a spiral-shaped one, which advantageously has a relatively large inner diameter, e.g. in the range of 20 to 50 mm, can advantageously be permanently and detachably connected to the first outlet opening 24, so that the module 10 ^ can be put into operation immediately after filling, i.e. without any conversion measures, as in the case of the variants of the module 10 shown in Fig.1 to Fig.6. In addition, a transition piece (see description of Fig. 1 to 1b) can usually be dispensed with, especially since an inner diameter of the first outlet opening 24 is usually selected to match an outer diameter of an end of the (condensation) pipe, in particular a spiral-shaped one, to be connected to it. If only the inlet opening 23b and the first outlet opening 24 are provided, i.e. no second outlet opening 27, any brine and/or any remaining solids in the hollow body 20 can be poured out via the inlet opening 23b.In the module 10 ^ according to Fig.7 to 7b, the inlet opening 23b and the first outlet opening 24 are provided in the upper wall 21. Alternatively, the inlet opening 23b and/or the first outlet opening 24 can be provided in an upper region (not designated 5) of the hollow body 20, for example in one of the side walls 222, 223, 224, 225 of the lower part 22 of the hollow body 20, advantageously in an upper region of one of the side walls 222, 223, 224, 225. The two openings 23b, 24 can also be further or closer apart from one another than shown in Fig.7 to 10 7b. For reversibly closing the inlet opening 23b and/or the first outlet opening 24, a closure 234, 241 is provided, for example a screw cap or a plug. Alternatively, a stopcock (not shown) and/or a shut-off valve (not shown) can be assigned to the inlet opening 23b and/or the first outlet opening 24. The shut-off valve can be manually operated or self-opening or have a sensor. Alternatively, the sensor can be assigned to the shut-off valve. The sensor controls a shut-off valve assigned to the inlet opening 23a, the shut-off valve opening or closing automatically, in particular depending on the water flow measured by the sensor (unit: e.g. L/min). A mechanical sensor can also be provided, which consists of a float and rises and falls depending on the fill level within the module 10 ^. The float can also have a magnet. If a closure 241 is provided for reversibly closing the first outlet opening 24, e.g. a screw cap or a plug, it is advantageous if a pressure sensor (not shown) is arranged inside the hollow body 20 30 and/or a safety valve or pressure relief valve, for example (not shown), is provided, which is advantageously arranged in an upper region (not designated) of the module 10 ^, in particular in the upper wall 21 or on one of the Side walls 222, 223, 224, 225 in an upper area (not designated). It is particularly simple, cost-effective and at the same time safe if the first outlet opening 24 can be reversibly closed by means of a mechanical safety valve (not shown) or a mechanical pressure relief valve (not shown). If a shut-off valve (not shown) is assigned to the first outlet opening 24, which has a sensor (not shown) or to which a sensor is assigned, the shut-off valve opens and closes automatically, namely depending on the water vapor flow measured by the sensor (unit: e.g. L/min). 10 The module 10 ^ shown in Fig.7, 7a and 7b can be modified in many different ways, analogous to the module 10 shown in Fig.1 to 6. Thus, a module 10 ^ can be provided which, in addition to the features shown in Figs. 7 to 7b, has a second outlet opening 27 (Fig. 2) or an outer shell 30 (cf. Fig. 3) or a glass cover 40 (cf. Fig. 4) or at least one heat-conducting element 50 (cf. Fig. 5). It is also possible to provide a module 10 ^ which, in addition to the features of the module 10 ^ from Figs. 7 to 7b, has at least two of the features additionally shown in Figs. 2 to 5. Thus, a module 10 ^ can also be provided which, in addition to the features of the module 10 ^ from Figs. 7 to 7b, has all of the features additionally shown in Figs. 2 to 5, namely a second outlet opening 27 according to Fig. 2, an outer shell 30 according to Fig. 3, a glass cover 40 according to Fig. 4 and at least one heat-conducting element 50 according to Fig. 5. The same applies to a module 10 ^ with an inlet opening 23b and 25 a first outlet opening 24, which has a substantially cuboid-shaped hollow body, wherein the first transverse side wall 224 and the second transverse side wall 225 are each designed as a right-angled trapezoid (cf. module 10, Fig.6). 30 The variant of the module 10 ^ ^ shown in Fig.8, 8a and 8b differs from the module 10 ^ shown in Fig.7 to 7b and from the possible modifications of the module 10 ^ described above, in that it has - in addition to the inlet opening 23b and the first outlet opening 27 provided in the module 10 ^ and the second outlet opening 27 that can be optionally provided in the case of the module 10 ^ - a reversibly closable second outlet opening 27 and a reversibly closable third outlet opening 29. Such a module 10 ^ ^ is intended for use within a device (not shown) that comprises several modules 10 ^, 10 ^ ^, wherein at least some of the modules 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ are in fluid communication with one another. Then the third outlet opening 29 of a module 10 ^ ^ is in fluid communication with the inlet opening 23b of a module 10 ^ ^ arranged at a vertical or horizontal distance, and so on. Such an arrangement is completed by a module 10 ^ according to Fig.7 to 7b or one of the possible modifications of the module 10 ^ shown in Fig.7 to 7b described above. The third outlet opening 29 of the last module 10 ^ ^ is in fluid communication with the inlet opening 23b of the module 10 ^. 15 Such a device comprising several modules 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ can be advantageous, for example, for the production of drinking water (see also Fig.10), particularly when the production of drinking water is to take place exclusively or almost exclusively with the supply of solar energy 20, but the available area is, for example, partly in the shade or in partial shade and/or a larger volume of drinking water is continuously required. In the module 10 shown in Fig.8 to 8b, the inlet opening 23b is provided in the first transverse side wall 224 and is connected to a nozzle 236, in particular reversibly, wherein the nozzle 236 can be reversibly closed by means of a closure 234, e.g. a screw cap or a plug. The third outlet opening 29 is provided in the second transverse side wall 225 and is connected to a nozzle 293, in particular reversibly, wherein the nozzle 293 can be reversibly closed by means of a closure 291, e.g. a screw cap or a plug. The inlet opening 23b and the third outlet opening 29 are aligned. are arranged. Alternatively, the two openings 23b, 29 can be arranged in diagonally or essentially diagonally opposite areas of the hollow body 20. It is particularly advantageous if the inlet opening 23b and the third outlet opening 29 are arranged as far apart from each other as possible. In the case of a device comprising several modules 10 ^, 10 ^ ^, the position of the inlet opening 23b and the third outlet opening 29 depends in particular on how the modules 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ are arranged relative to each other within a device and which modules 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ are to be in fluid communication with each other during operation. The modules 10 ^ according to Fig.7 to 7b or one of the possible modifications of the module 10 ^ shown in Fig.7 to 7b described above, which, unlike the modules 10 ^ ^, do not have a third outlet opening 29, function as end modules for modules 10 ^ ^ that are in fluid communication with one another and are arranged, for example, in a stacked or cascaded or straight or zigzag or serpentine manner. The module 10 ^ ^ shown in Fig.8 to 8b also has an outer shell 30 and several heat-conducting elements 50 arranged on the underside 212 of the upper wall 21. The latter are arranged parallel to one another and to the two transverse side walls 223, 224. A first end 251 of a first drain pipe 25 is detachably connected to the first outlet opening 24 provided in the upper wall 21 of the hollow body 20 by an arcuate, essentially U-shaped pipe section 26. A second end 252 of the first drain pipe 25 is arranged below the module 10 ^ ^. It could also be arranged 25 above the module 10 ^ ^ or at the same height as the module 10 ^ ^, where it is in fluid connection, for example, with a collecting container (not shown). The first outlet opening 24 is in fluid connection both with the first drain pipe 25 and with a, for example, mechanical, pressure relief valve VD. According to Fig. 8a, the fluid connection to the pressure relief valve VD is established via a nozzle 243 which can be reversibly connected to the arcuate pipe section 26. The second outlet opening 27 is here in a (not designated) lower area of the first longitudinal side wall 222 of the hollow body 20. A shut-off valve V2 is assigned to it, which is self-opening or has a sensor or to which a sensor is assigned (see description of Fig.2). The second drain pipe 25 can have a coolable outer casing (not shown). Alternatively or additionally, at least one fan can be arranged within the first drain pipe 25 and/or within the curved pipe section 26. Both measures can have a positive effect on the efficiency of the modules 10, 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ described here. 10 Fig.9 shows a module 10 ^ which is a modification of the module 10 ^ shown in Figs.7 to 7b. Thus, the module 10 ^ of Fig. 9 has, in addition to the inlet opening 23b and the first outlet opening 24, an outer shell 30, at least one heat-conducting element 50 and a second outlet opening 27 for draining the brine and/or solids remaining in the hollow body 20. The second outlet opening 27 is provided here in the lower wall 221 of the lower part 22 of the hollow body 20 and is in fluid connection with a device 150 for solar salt extraction via a manually operated shut-off valve V2 assigned to it and an L-shaped second drain pipe 28. The provision of a manually operated shut-off valve V2 is particularly advantageous in the case of drinking water extraction by means of a stationary module 10 ^ because it is particularly easy to operate, inexpensive and robust. The device 150 for solar salt extraction comprises a collecting unit 151 25 for brine. The collecting unit 151 is advantageously made of a heat-conducting material, for example stainless steel. In addition, the device 150 comprises a glass cover 152 that is permeable to sunlight and on the underside of which the water from the brine condenses. The device 150 also comprises a collecting channel 153 to which the glass cover 152 is connected in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or friction-fitting manner. A plane EG2, within which the glass cover 152 extends, is advantageously inclined at an angle of greater than 0° and less than 90°, here of approximately 45°, relative to a plane EA, within which a lower wall 154 of the collecting unit 151 extends. The device 150 for salt extraction shown in Fig.9 can also be used in combination with a module 10 according to Figs.1 to 6 or with a module 10 ^ ^ according to Figs.8 to 8b or with one of the above-described modifications 5 of a module 10 or a module 10 ^ ^. By means of such a device, comprising a module 10, 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ and a device 150, the desalination of saline raw water takes place to 100 percent. This is because the remaining water is removed from the brine remaining in the hollow body 20 of the module 10, 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ in the device 150 for salt extraction. After 10 draining the sole from the module 10, 10 ^, 10 ^ ^, the portion of the internal volume of the module 10, 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ previously occupied by the brine can be filled with raw water again. Thus, the efficiency of the module 10, 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ is further improved by providing a device 150 for solar salt extraction. 15 Fig. 10 shows a device 100 which is intended for obtaining drinking water from raw water, for example from saline raw water such as sea water or brackish water, by evaporation. The device 100 comprises i. a raw water supply (not shown), ii. a 20 module 10 ^, which has an inlet opening 23b, a first outlet opening 24, a second outlet opening 27 for draining the brine and/or solids remaining in the hollow body 20, an outer shell 30 and several heat conducting elements 50, and iii. a preheating unit 120 for preheating the raw water, which is arranged between the 25 raw water supply and the module 10 ^. It is particularly simple, cost-effective, environmentally friendly and resource-saving if the device 100 is operated at least with the supply of renewably generated thermal energy, in particular solar energy. 30 In the device 100 shown in Fig.10, the raw water first reaches the preheating unit 120, namely via a raw water supply (not shown) which is in fluid connection with a (not designated) lower region of the preheating unit 120. The inlet opening 122 is provided here, as can be seen from Fig. 10, in a (not designated) lower region of a side wall of the preheating unit 120 arranged parallel to the second longitudinal side wall 223 of the hollow body 20 (not designated 5). The preheating unit 120 functions as a heat exchanger: The water vapor generated in the module 10 ^ escapes through the first outlet opening 24, to which a pressure relief valve VD is assigned, from the hollow body 20 of the module 10 ^ via 10 the curved, essentially U-shaped, pipe section 26 and the drain pipe 25 into a, in particular spiral-shaped, condensation pipe 125 (with drinking water approval), namely through an inlet opening 125i of the condensation pipe 125. In other words: The first outlet opening 24 of the module 10 ^ is in fluid communication with the inlet opening 125i of the condensation pipe 125. The condensation pipe 125 is advantageously arranged in the preheating unit 120. The condensation pipe 125 is therefore surrounded by the raw water supplied via the inlet opening 122 - which is cooler than the water vapor in the condensation pipe 125 - so that the condensation pipe 125 is cooled from the outside. This accelerates the condensation of the water vapor generated in the module 10 ^ and located inside the condensation pipe 125. The condensation heat is given off to the raw water, which heats it before it passes through an outlet opening (not shown) of the preheating unit 120 provided in an upper area (not designated) of the preheating unit 120 into the water pipe 130, which is arranged, for example, in a serpentine shape (see Fig. 10). An outlet opening (not shown) provided in an upper area (not designated) of the preheating unit 120 is in fluid communication with the inlet opening 23b of the module 10 ^ via the water pipe 130. 30 The inlet opening 122 is assigned a shut-off valve VZ. The shut-off valve VZ can be operated manually, as shown in Fig.10. Alternatively, it can be self-opening or have a sensor (not shown). Or the Sensor can be assigned to the shut-off valve VZ. The shut-off valve VZ assigned to the inlet opening 122 is controlled by the sensor, with the shut-off valve VZ opening or closing automatically, in particular depending on the water flow measured by the sensor (unit: e.g. L/min). A mechanical sensor can also be provided, which consists of a float and rises and falls depending on the fill level within the preheating unit 120. The float can also have a magnet. 10 In a further variant of the device 100, the inlet opening 122, with which the raw water supply (not shown) is in fluid connection, can be provided in a lower wall 123 of the preheating unit 120. Then, the outlet opening (not shown), which is in fluid communication with the inlet opening 23b of the module 10 ^ via the water pipe 130, is provided in the upper region (not designated 15) of the preheating unit 120. If the inlet opening, as described here, is provided in the lower wall 123 of the preheating unit 120 or, as described above, in the (not designated) lower region of the preheating unit 120, the inlet opening 122 and the outlet opening (not shown) are preferably arranged as far apart from each other as possible, for example in diagonally or substantially diagonally opposite corners of the preheating unit 120. Alternatively, the inlet opening 122 can be provided in an upper wall 121 of the preheating unit 120 and the outlet opening (not shown) in the (not designated) upper region of the preheating unit 120. Then, in addition to the condensation tube 125, a tube, for example a straight or substantially straight tube, is provided within the preheating unit 120. The tube has a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to the inlet opening 122 and the second end being arranged at a distance as small as possible above an inner surface of the lower wall 123. An outlet opening 125o of the condensation pipe 125 can, for example, be in fluid communication with a (not shown) collecting container, for example a tank, a pipe system or an irrigation system (e.g. drip irrigation). 5 It is particularly advantageous if an (undesignated) outer surface of the water pipe 130, as shown in Fig.10, is provided with a solar energy absorbing coating. The solar energy absorbing coating is advantageously colored dark, in particular black. 10 Alternatively or additionally, the water pipe 130 is made of a material containing metal, in particular one with good thermal conductivity, for example a metal alloy or a metal. If the water pipe 130 is exposed to solar radiation directly or indirectly, the raw water is advantageously further heated before it enters the hollow body 20 of the 15 module 10 ^. The second outlet opening 27 is provided here in a (not designated) lower region of the first longitudinal side wall 222 of the hollow body 20. It can be in fluid communication with a device 150 (not shown) for solar salt extraction (see Fig. 9) via a manually operated shut-off valve V2 20 assigned to it and a drain pipe (not shown) detachably connected thereto. Alternatively, the shut-off valve V2 can be self-opening or have a sensor, or a sensor can be assigned to the shut-off valve V2 (see description of Figs. 2 and 8 to 8b). This is advantageous, for example, when the device 100 is part of a device which comprises several devices 100 and thus several modules 10 ^. To increase the efficiency of the device 100, at least one fan (not shown) can be provided, by means of which - depending on the type of fan and the position at which a fan is arranged - the steam can be sucked out of the module 10 ^ and/or pressed in the direction of a collecting container (not shown) and/or piping system or the like. Such a fan can be arranged within the fluid connection between the first outlet opening 24 and the inlet opening 125i of the condensation pipe and/or within the condensation pipe 125 and/or within the fluid connection between the outlet opening 125o of the condensation pipe 125 and the collecting container and/or pipe system or the like and/or within the collecting container and/or a pipe system or the like. It is advantageous if at least one of the fans is assigned a photovoltaic cell by means of which the electricity required for operating the fan is generated. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the fans can be assigned an interval circuit. 10 The raw water supply (not shown) can be designed such that it is in fluid connection with the inlet openings 122 of several devices 100, which are supplied with raw water simultaneously or at different times at predefinable time intervals. In such a device, comprising several 15 devices 100, the individual devices 100 can advantageously comprise several modules 10 ^, 10 ^ ^, at least some of which are in fluid communication with one another, as described in connection with Figs. 8 to 8b. By means of such a device, large volumes of drinking water can be efficiently and continuously provided in a particularly simple, cost-effective, environmentally friendly and resource-saving manner. It is also possible for one or more modules 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ - analogous to that described for the device 100 - to be part of a device (not shown) which is intended for the heating, in particular solar, of a fluid, in particular 25 a heat transfer medium. The heat transfer medium can be, for example, an oil or a mixture containing water and glycol. Such a device also has at least one feed unit, via which the fluid to be heated is fed to the module 10 ^, 10 ^ ^, and at least one discharge unit, via which the heated fluid is removed from the module 10 ^, 10 ^ ^. Overall, it can be stated that the modules 10, 10 ^ presented here are particularly simple and cost-effective to manufacture, install and operate and can be used in a variety of ways, for example also within a device 100 presented here. In addition, the modules 10, 10 ^ are robust, in particular resistant to acids and alkalis, and are not very susceptible to failure. Another advantage is that tailor-made modules 10, 10 ^ or module systems, i.e. tailored to the respective drinking water requirements, can be made available in a simple manner, especially since the dimensions are variable within relatively wide limits. It can be seen that the invention relates to a module which is intended for the heating and/or evaporation of a gas or a fluid, in particular a gaseous or liquid heat carrier, for example raw water to be treated for the drinking water supply, such as sea water, brackish water, rainwater, river water, contaminated groundwater or waste water. The modules described can be modified and used in a variety of ways and can also advantageously be designed so that they can be brought into fluid communication with one another. A first type of module presented here (see Figs. 1 to 6) has an opening which functions both as an inlet and an outlet opening and is suitable exclusively for discontinuous operation. A second type (see Figs. 7 to 7b, 9, 10 to 10b) of the module presented here has an inlet opening and a first outlet opening and can be used in both discontinuous and continuous operation. A third type of module (see Figs. 8 to 8b) has an inlet opening, a first outlet opening, a second outlet opening and a third outlet opening. Via the latter, such a module of the third type can be brought into fluid connection with a module of the same type. The modules of the third type arranged vertically or horizontally spaced from one another can, for example, form a stacked or cascaded or straight or zigzag-shaped arrangement. It is also possible that two cascade-shaped arrangements form starting from a module of the third type and that macroscopically a trigonal arrangement also results. The end of such an arrangement is advantageously formed by a module of the second type.The invention also relates to a device for obtaining drinking water from raw water and a device for heating a fluid, in particular a liquid heat transfer medium, for example for use as a heat transfer medium for thermal solar systems or, in particular, solar air conditioning systems. The aforementioned devices each have at least one of the modules presented here. 10 All features and advantages arising from the description and the figures, including structural details, spatial arrangements and process steps, can be essential to the invention both individually and in a wide variety of combinations.

List of reference symbols 5 10, 10 ^, 10 ^ ^ Module 130 Water pipe 20 Hollow body 150 Device for 21 upper wall salt extraction 22 Lower part 151 Collecting unit 23a Opening 152 Glass cover 10 23b Inlet opening 153 Collecting channel 24 First outlet opening 154 Lower wall 25 First drain pipe 201 Inner surface 26 Arc-shaped 202 Outer surface pipe section 210 Inner surface 15 27 Second outlet opening 211 Outer surface 28 Second drain pipe 212 Underside 29 Third outlet opening 221 Lower wall 30 Outer shell 222 First longitudinal side wall 31 Intermediate space 223 Second 20 40 Glass cover Longitudinal side wall 41 Sealing element 224 First transverse side wall 50 Heat conducting element 225 Second transverse side wall 100 device for 226 outside extraction of 231 closure 25 drinking water 233 nozzle 120 preheating unit, 234 closure condenser 236 nozzle 121 upper wall 241 closure 122 inlet opening 243 nozzle 30 123 lower wall 251 first end 125 condensation pipe 252 second end 125i inlet opening 271 closure 125o outlet opening 291 closure 293 nozzle EO level 301 upper edge EU level 302 outside HL1 height 303 inside HL2 height 304 upper end LR air space 401 bottom VD pressure relief valve 402 top VZ shut-off valve D distance V2 shut-off valve EA level WG width EG1, EG2 level WO width

Claims

Patent claims 5 1. Module (10) for the heating and/or evaporation of a gas or a fluid, in particular a gaseous or liquid heat carrier, in particular by solar means, in which, with the supply of energy, in particular solar energy, - a gas, in particular a gaseous heat carrier, can be heated, 10 or - a fluid, in particular a liquid heat carrier, can be heated and/or converted from a liquid state of aggregation to a gaseous state of aggregation, wherein 15 a) the module (10) has a hollow body (20), comprising i. an upper wall (21) which has a thermally conductive metal and/or a thermally conductive metal alloy or is made from a thermally conductive metal and/or a thermally conductive metal alloy, and 20 ii. a lower part (22) which adjoins the upper wall (21) downwards and which is trough-shaped or essentially trough-shaped or funnel-shaped or essentially funnel-shaped in cross-section, wherein the lower part (22) and the upper wall (21) can be connected to one another in a force-fitting, form-fitting, frictional and/or material-fitting manner, and b) a reversibly closable opening (23a) is provided in an upper region of the hollow body (20), wherein the reversibly closable opening (23a) is provided as an inlet for the gas or for the fluid during discontinuous operation of the module (10) 30 and is provided as an outlet for the heated gas or the heated fluid or for the fluid converted from its liquid state into its gaseous state; or i. a reversibly closable inlet opening (23b) is provided for the gas or for the fluid, and ii. a reversibly closable first outlet opening (24) for the heated gas or for the heated fluid or for the fluid converted from its liquid state to its gaseous state is provided in an upper region of the hollow body (20). 10 2. Module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the module (10) has one or more of the following features: i. the hollow body (20) is an elongated hollow body (20); ii. the upper wall (21) is plate-shaped or curved; iii. the lower part (22) is formed in one piece; 15 iv. the lower part (22) is formed in at least two parts, wherein the walls of the hollow body (20) can be connected to one another by force, form, friction and/or material engagement; v. a reversibly closable second outlet opening (27) for discharging the brine and/or solids remaining in the hollow body (20) is provided in a lower region of the hollow body (20); vi. the inlet opening (23b), the first outlet opening (24) and a reversibly closable third outlet opening (29) for establishing a fluid connection with an inlet opening (23b) of a second module (10), wherein the second module (10) - has an inlet opening (23b) and a first outlet opening (24), or - has an inlet opening (23b), a first outlet opening (24) and a third outlet opening (29); vii. a pressure relief valve (VD) is provided in an upper region of the hollow body (20); viii. a pressure relief valve is assigned to the opening (23a); ix. a pressure relief valve is assigned to the first outlet opening (24); x. a first end (251) of a first drain pipe (25) is connectable or connected to the first outlet opening (24). 5 3. Module (10) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the module (10) has one or more of the following features: i. an inner surface (201) of the hollow body (20) is corrosion-resistant, in particular acid-resistant, and suitable for drinking water; 10 ii. an outer surface (202) of the hollow body (20) is corrosion-resistant, in particular acid-resistant; iii. the lower part (22) has, at least in sections, a material which has the lowest possible thermal conductivity coefficient and is advantageously not thermally conductive; 15 iv. the lower part (22) has, at least in sections, a material which is selected from the group consisting of plastics, non-heat-conductive metals, glasses and glassy materials; v. an inner surface (201) of the lower part (22) has an acid- and/or corrosion-resistant coating which has a thermal conductivity coefficient which is as low as possible and is advantageously not thermally conductive; vi. an inner surface (210) of the upper wall (21) has, at least in sections, an acid- and/or corrosion-resistant coating which has a thermal conductivity coefficient which is as high as possible; vii. an outer surface (211) of the upper wall (21) is - at least partially, for example in sections, textured, in particular roughened, and/or 30 - at least partially, for example in sections, provided with a solar energy-absorbing coating; viii. an outer surface of the solar energy absorbing coating is at least partially textured, in particular roughened. 5 4. Module (10) according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lower part (22) of the hollow body (20) is surrounded by an outer shell (30), wherein a contour of the outer shell (30) is similar to or identical to a contour of the lower part (22) of the hollow body (20) and a volume of the outer shell (30) is slightly larger than a volume of the lower part (22) of the hollow body (20), wherein - the lower part (22) of the hollow body (20) and the outer shell (30) are spaced apart from one another by an intermediate space (31), - an upper edge (301) of the outer shell (30) ends flush or substantially flush with the outer surface (211) of the upper wall (21) of the hollow body (20), and a. an insulating means is provided all the way around at least in an upper region of the intermediate space (31), whereby - the hollow body (20) and the outer shell (30) can be connected to one another in an insulating manner, in particular air-tight and/or moisture-tight, in a detachable manner, in particular in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or friction-fitting manner, by the insulating means; and - an upper end of the insulating means is flush or substantially flush with an upper end of the intermediate space (31); or b. the intermediate space (31) is pumped empty of air or is pumped essentially empty of air. 5. Module (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, whereby the hollow body (20) is an elongated hollow body (20), whereby i. the hollow body (20) is cuboid-shaped, whereby the lower part (22) comprises: - a lower wall (221), - a first longitudinal side wall (222) and a second longitudinal side wall (223), - a first transverse side wall (224) and a second transverse side wall (225); or ii. the hollow body (20) is essentially cuboid-shaped, the lower part (22) comprising: - a lower wall (221), 10 - a first longitudinal side wall (222) and a second longitudinal side wall (223), - a first transverse side wall (224) and a second transverse side wall (225), a ^{plane EU} , within which the lower wall (221) extends, being inclined by an angle of greater than 0° and less than 90° with respect to a plane EO, within which the upper wall (21) extends; - the first transverse side wall (224) and the second 20 transverse side wall (225) are each designed as a right-angled trapezoid, wherein the first transverse side wall (224) and the second transverse side wall (225) - are arranged parallel to one another, and - are each arranged orthogonally to the upper wall (21), the first 25 longitudinal side wall (222) and the second longitudinal side wall (223); - a height of the second longitudinal side wall (223) is less than a height of the first longitudinal side wall (222), wherein the first longitudinal side wall (222) and the second longitudinal side wall 30 (223) - are arranged parallel to one another, and - are each arranged orthogonally to the upper wall (21), the first transverse side wall (224) and the second transverse side wall (225). 5 6. Module (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a glass cover (40) is arranged at a distance above the hollow body (20), wherein i. a length of the glass cover (40) substantially - corresponds to a length of the upper wall (21) of the hollow body (20), or 10 - corresponds to a length of the outer shell (30) by which the lower part (22) of the hollow body (20) is surrounded, and a width WG of the glass cover (40) substantially - corresponds to a width WO of the upper wall (21) of the hollow body (20), or - corresponds to a width of the outer shell (30) by which the lower part (22) of the hollow body (20) is surrounded, ii. an underside (401) of the glass cover (40) is connected or can be connected, in particular in a force-, form- and/or friction-locking manner, by a sealing element (41) running around the edge, in particular air- and/or moisture-tight, - to the upper wall (21) of the hollow body (20), in particular to the outer surface (211) of the upper wall (21) of the hollow body (20), 25 and/or - to the upper edge (301) of the outer shell (30) which surrounds the lower part (22) of the hollow body (20). 7. Module (10) according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein the module (10) has one or more of the following features: i. the opening (23a) is provided in the upper wall (21) of the hollow body (20); ii. the first outlet opening (24) is provided in the upper wall (21) of the hollow body (20); iii. the second outlet opening (27) is provided in the lower wall (221) of the lower part (22); 5 iv. at least one heat-conducting element (50) is arranged on an underside (212) of the upper wall (21) and is connected in particular by force, form, friction and/or material engagement to the underside (212) of the upper wall (21); v. at least one heat-conducting element (50) is designed as a lamella or as a corrugated fin or as a pin; vi. the first drain pipe (25) has a coolable outer jacket; vii. the glass cover (40) is disk-shaped or curved, in particular corresponding to the plate-shaped or curved upper wall (21); 15 viii. at an upper end (304) of the outer shell (30) there is provided an inwardly projecting collar or a circumferential web; ix. a fan is arranged inside the first drain pipe (25). 8. Device (100) for the, in particular solar, extraction of drinking water 20 from raw water by evaporation, comprising i. a raw water supply, ii. a module (10) according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein - a reversibly closable inlet opening (23b) for the fluid and 25 - a reversibly closable first outlet opening (24) for the fluid converted from its liquid state to its gaseous state is provided in an upper region of the hollow body (20), 30 iii. a preheating unit (120) for preheating the raw water, wherein - the raw water supply is in fluid communication with an inlet opening (122) provided in an upper region of the preheating unit (120), - an outlet opening provided in a lower region of the preheating unit (120) is in fluid communication with the inlet opening (23b) of the module (10); or 5 - the raw water supply is in fluid connection with an inlet opening (122) provided in a lower region of the preheating unit (120), - an outlet opening provided in an upper region of the preheating unit (120) is in fluid connection with the inlet opening (23b) of the module (10), or - the raw water supply is in fluid connection with an inlet opening (122) provided in an upper region of the preheating unit (120), 15 - an outlet opening provided in an upper region of the preheating unit (120) is in fluid connection with the inlet opening (23b) of the module (10), wherein a) the preheating unit (120) is simultaneously a condenser for condensing the steam generated in the module (10) into drinking water, and b) the reversibly closable first outlet opening (24) of the module (10) is in fluid connection with an inlet opening (125i) of a condensation pipe (125), wherein the condensation pipe (125) is arranged in the preheating unit (120). 25 9. Device (100) according to claim 8, wherein the device (100) has one or more of the following features: i. the preheating unit (120) is arranged between the raw water supply and the module (10); 30 ii. the outlet opening of the preheating unit (120) is in fluid communication with the inlet opening (23b) of the module (10) via a water pipe (130); iii. an outlet opening (125o) of the condensation pipe (125) is in particular in fluid communication with a collecting container and/or a pipe system; iv. an outer surface of the water pipe (130) is at least partially provided with a solar energy absorbing coating; v. a reversibly closable second outlet opening (27) for draining the brine and/or solids remaining in the hollow body is provided in a lower region of the hollow body (20); vi. at least one fan is arranged within a) the fluid connection between the first outlet opening (24) and the inlet opening (125i) of the condensation tube (125) and/or b) the condensation tube (125) and/or c) the fluid connection between the outlet opening (125o) of the condensation tube (125) and a collecting container and/or a line system 20 and/or d) the collecting container and/or the line system. 10. Device (100) according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the device (100) has one or more of the following features: i. the device comprises two or more modules (10); ii. the device comprises two or more modules (10), wherein - at least one module (10) has an inlet opening (23b) and a first outlet opening (24), and 30 - at least one module (10) has an inlet opening (23b), a first outlet opening (24) and a third outlet opening (29) for establishing a fluid connection with an inlet opening (23b) of a second module (10), wherein at least two modules (10) are in fluid communication with one another; iii. a sensor is provided on at least one module (10), by means of which a raw water inlet, in particular the water volume and the inlet speed, is controlled and/or regulated; iv. the second outlet opening (27) of at least one module (10) is in fluid connection with a device (150) for salt extraction, the device (150) for salt extraction comprising: - a collecting unit (151) for brine 10 - a glass cover (152) permeable to sunlight, on the underside of which the water from the brine condenses, - a collecting channel (153), the glass cover (152) being or being connectable to the collecting unit (151) in a force-, form- and/or friction-locking manner ^, a plane E ^G2 , within which the glass cover (152) extends, being inclined by an angle of greater than 0° and less than 90° with respect to a plane EA, within which a lower wall (154) of the collecting unit (151) extends. 20 11. Device for, in particular solar, heating of a fluid, in particular a liquid heat transfer medium, comprising i. a supply unit for the fluid to be heated, ii. a module (10) according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, iii. a discharge unit for the heated fluid from the module. 25