WO2024204035A1 - Setting accelerator for trowelled finishing, concrete composition, and hardened body - Google Patents
Setting accelerator for trowelled finishing, concrete composition, and hardened body Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024204035A1 WO2024204035A1 PCT/JP2024/011645 JP2024011645W WO2024204035A1 WO 2024204035 A1 WO2024204035 A1 WO 2024204035A1 JP 2024011645 W JP2024011645 W JP 2024011645W WO 2024204035 A1 WO2024204035 A1 WO 2024204035A1
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- concrete
- setting accelerator
- concrete composition
- organic acid
- finishing
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators or shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/06—Oxides, Hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators or shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/14—Acids or salts thereof containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C04B24/06—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof containing hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a setting accelerator for trowel finishing, a concrete composition, and a hardened concrete used primarily in the construction and civil engineering industries.
- the concrete composition of the present invention is a general term for cement paste, mortar, and concrete.
- the surface of the concrete is often finished with a trowel after it has been poured.
- the quality of this trowel finish can affect the cracks and strength of the concrete surface, and ultimately the durability of the concrete structure.
- the optimal time to start the final trowel finishing work is when the bleeding starts to subside. Because the bleeding starts to subside just before the concrete starts to set, the current situation is that plasterers have to wait for hours, and this waiting time reduces work efficiency.
- Patent Document 1 describes the addition of a setting accelerator to the concrete.
- the present invention was made in consideration of these circumstances, and aims to provide a setting accelerator for trowel finishing that retains the fluidity of concrete and shortens the time from pouring concrete to when it can be finished with a trowel. It also aims to provide a concrete composition that contains this setting accelerator for trowel finishing, and a hardened concrete body made from this concrete composition.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a setting accelerator for trowel finishing comprising an organic acid calcium salt and an inorganic sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of the organic acid calcium salt to the inorganic sulfate (organic acid calcium salt/inorganic sulfate) is 20/80 to 95/5.
- the inorganic sulfate salt comprises at least one selected from aluminum sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, and potassium alum.
- [4] The setting accelerator for trowel finishing according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the organic acid calcium salt and the inorganic sulfate have a mass ratio of 95% or more passing through a 0.6 mm sieve.
- a concrete composition comprising the setting accelerator for trowel finishing according to any one of [1] to [4] and cement.
- the present invention provides a setting accelerator for trowel finishing that can maintain the fluidity of concrete and shorten the time from pouring concrete to when it can be finished with a trowel, a concrete composition that contains this setting accelerator for trowel finishing, and a hardened concrete body made from this concrete composition.
- the setting accelerator for trowel finishing of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as "setting accelerator”) contains an organic acid calcium salt and an inorganic sulfate, and the mass ratio of the organic acid calcium salt to the inorganic sulfate (organic acid calcium salt/inorganic sulfate) is 20/80 to 95/5.
- the total of the organic acid calcium salt and inorganic sulfate in the setting accelerator is preferably 80% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more, from the standpoint of ensuring the retention of concrete fluidity and shortening the time from concrete pouring until trowel finishing is possible (hereinafter also referred to as "trowel finishing time").
- the setting accelerator of the present invention contains an organic acid calcium salt.
- an organic acid calcium salt By containing an organic acid calcium salt, the time when trowel finishing is possible can be shortened.
- a carboxylate calcium salt can be used, for example, calcium formate, calcium acetate, and calcium lactate can be used. Only one type of organic acid calcium can be used, or two or more types can be used. In this embodiment, it is preferable to use calcium formate from the viewpoint of shortening the time when trowel finishing is possible.
- the content of the organic acid calcium salt in the setting accelerator is preferably 20% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and even more preferably 40% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less.
- the organic acid calcium used in the setting accelerator of the present invention is preferably in powder form, with 95% or more passing through a 0.6 mm sieve.
- the organic acid calcium powder By making the organic acid calcium powder such that 95% or more passes through a 0.6 mm sieve, it is possible to improve trowel finishability.
- Good trowel finishability means that the concrete surface after trowel finish is smooth and free of pockmarks, air bubbles, and uneven finish. It also makes it easier to reduce bleeding after trowel finish.
- the setting accelerator of the present invention contains an inorganic sulfate.
- an inorganic sulfate By containing an inorganic sulfate, the fluidity retention of concrete can be improved.
- the inorganic sulfate for example, aluminum sulfate and alkali metal sulfates such as sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, and potassium alum are preferable, and aluminum sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, and potassium alum are more preferable.
- aluminum sulfate is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining the fluidity of the concrete produced, suppressing the total alkali amount (R 2 O amount) of the concrete, and suppressing the alkali aggregate reaction.
- only one type of inorganic sulfate can be used, or two or more types can be used.
- the content of inorganic sulfate in the setting accelerator is preferably 5% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, and even more preferably 15% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
- the inorganic sulfate used in the setting accelerator of the present invention is preferably in powder form, and preferably 95% or more of the inorganic sulfate passes through a 0.6 mm sieve.
- the finishability with a trowel can be improved. Also, bleeding after trowel finishing can be easily suppressed.
- the set accelerator of the present invention has a mass ratio of organic acid calcium salt to inorganic sulfate (organic acid calcium salt/inorganic sulfate) of 20/80 to 95/5. If the mass ratio of organic acid calcium salt to inorganic sulfate is less than 20/80, the time required for trowel finishing will be shorter, but the fluidity of the concrete will be poorly maintained. If it exceeds 95/5, the fluidity of the concrete will improve and it will fall outside the slump range.
- the organic acid calcium salt/inorganic sulfate ratio is preferably 30/70 to 90/10, and more preferably 40/60 to 80/20.
- the setting accelerator of this embodiment can also contain one or more of concrete expansion agents and shrinkage reducing agents within a range that does not substantially impair the object of the present invention.
- the setting accelerator of the present embodiment is produced by mixing the materials.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and an existing mixing device can be used.
- Concrete composition contains a set accelerator and cement.
- Cement is not particularly limited, and examples include various types of Portland cement, such as normal, early strength, extra early strength, low heat and medium heat, various mixed cements in which Portland cement is mixed with blast furnace slag, fly ash or silica fume, environmentally friendly cement (eco-cement) made from municipal waste incineration ash or sewage sludge incineration ash, commercially available fine particle cement, white cement, etc. It is also possible to use various types of cement in a fine powder form. It is also possible to use cement that has been adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of components normally used in cement (such as gypsum). Furthermore, it is also possible to use a combination of two or more of these.
- the set accelerator of the present invention is preferably contained in an amount of 0.5 to 8 kg per 1 m3 of concrete composition, more preferably 2.5 to 5 kg, and even more preferably 3 to 4 kg.
- the setting accelerator is preferably contained in an amount of 0.10 to 2 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement, more preferably 0.45 to 1.7 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.55 to 1.4 parts by mass.
- the concrete composition preferably contains aggregate.
- the aggregate to be used may be the same fine or coarse aggregate as that used in ordinary cement mortar or concrete. That is, river sand, river gravel, mountain sand, mountain gravel, crushed stone, crushed sand, limestone aggregate, lime sand, silica sand, colored sand, artificial aggregate, blast furnace slag aggregate, sea sand, sea gravel, artificial lightweight aggregate, heavy weight aggregate, etc. may be used, and combinations of these are also possible.
- the concrete composition may contain a water-reducing agent.
- a water-reducing agent When the concrete composition contains a water-reducing agent, it is easier to improve the fluidity retention.
- water-reducing agents include polyol derivatives, lignin sulfonates and their derivatives, and high-performance water-reducing agents, and one or more of these may be used in combination. Among these, high-performance water-reducing agents are preferred from the viewpoint of fluidity retention.
- high-performance water-reducing agents examples include formalin condensates of alkylarylsulfonates, formalin condensates of naphthalenesulfonates, formalin condensates of melaminesulfonates, and polycarboxylic acid polymer compounds, and one or more of these may be used in combination.
- polycarboxylic acid polymer compounds are preferred because of their high fluidity retention effect.
- the amount of the high performance water reducing agent used is preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of cement. When the amount is 0.05 to 3 parts by mass, the effect of maintaining sufficient fluidity is easily obtained.
- the high-range water-reducing agent can be in liquid or powder form, but it is preferable to use a powder water-reducing agent that is premixed with the concrete composition of the present invention, as this reduces workability and physical property fluctuations during on-site use.
- the concrete composition may contain an expansive material.
- an expansive material By using the set accelerator of the present invention in a concrete composition containing an expansive material, it is possible to impart a certain degree of expansiveness to the concrete, while improving the fluidity of the concrete and shortening the time from pouring to when the concrete can be finished with a trowel, thereby reducing subsequent shrinkage and cracking.
- a shrinkage-reducing agent may be used instead of or in addition to the expansive material.
- the expansive agent is not particularly limited, and any agent that generates expansion hydrates and expands concrete or mortar can be used.
- the expansive agent those containing free lime, free magnesia, calcium ferrite, ettringite, lime, ettringite-lime composite, and hauyne are preferred, as they tend to suppress shrinkage and exert their expansive effect when combined with the organic acid calcium salt and inorganic sulfate contained in the setting accelerator.
- the particle size of the expansive agent is preferably 2000 to 9000 cm 2 /g, more preferably 3000 to 8000 cm 2 /g, in terms of Blaine specific surface area.
- a specific surface area of 2000 cm 2 /g or more the hydration reaction proceeds well, while with a specific surface area of 9000 cm 2 /g or less, the hydration reaction does not proceed too quickly, making it easier to obtain the desired expansion.
- the Blaine specific surface area can be determined in accordance with JIS R 5201.
- the amount of expansive agent used is preferably 5 to 30 kg/ m3 per 1 m3 of concrete composition, and more preferably about 10 to 25 kg/m3.
- the amount is 5 kg/m3 or more , the shrinkage compensation effect is easily obtained, and when the amount is 30 kg/m3 or less , it is possible to prevent the amount of expansion from becoming too large, which would otherwise cause a decrease in strength.
- the concrete composition may contain an alkali metal carbonate.
- alkali metal carbonates include sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, lithium hydrogen carbonate, etc., and these can also be combined.
- the concrete composition may contain a siliceous fine powder.
- the concrete composition containing the siliceous fine powder is likely to have good fluidity retention.
- the siliceous fine powder include latent hydraulic substances such as granulated blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and pozzolanic substances such as silica fume, among which silica fume is preferred.
- the type of silica fume is not limited, but from the viewpoint of fluidity, it is more preferred to use silica fume containing 10% or less of ZrO2 as an impurity or acidic silica fume.
- the acidic silica fume refers to a silica fume that exhibits an acidity of pH 5.0 or less when 1 g of silica fume is added to 100 cc of pure water and stirred.
- Concrete compositions can also contain antifoaming agents to the extent that it does not adversely affect performance.
- Antifoaming agents are used to reduce the amount of air entrained during mixing. There are no particular limitations on the type of antifoaming agent, so long as it does not significantly adversely affect the strength properties of the hardened mortar, and both liquid and powdered forms can be used. Examples include polyether-based antifoaming agents, polyhydric alcohol-based antifoaming agents such as esters of polyhydric alcohols and alkyl ethers, alkyl phosphate-based antifoaming agents, and silicone-based antifoaming agents.
- the concrete composition may contain one or more of the following additives, provided that they do not adversely affect performance: shrinkage reducing agents, gas foaming substances, air entraining agents, rust inhibitors, water repellents, antibacterial agents, colorants, antifreeze agents, limestone fine powder, slowly cooled blast furnace slag fine powder, sewage sludge incineration ash and its molten slag, municipal waste incineration ash and its molten slag, and pulp sludge incineration ash; thickeners; shrinkage reducing agents; polymers; clay minerals such as bentonite and sepiolite; and anion exchangers such as hydrotalcite.
- the hardened body according to the present embodiment is formed by hardening a concrete composition and water.
- the hardened body is usually formed by kneading the concrete composition with water, and the concrete, which is a hydraulic material, undergoes a hydration reaction and hardens.
- the amount of water used for mixing is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 70 parts by mass, more preferably 14 to 65 parts by mass, and even more preferably 16 to 60 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the concrete composition. By setting the amount of water used for mixing within the above range, the effect of retaining fluidity can be enhanced.
- the hardened body is produced by kneading a set accelerator, cement, and water to produce a cement composition, and then hardening the concrete composition.
- the mixing of the materials is not particularly limited, and each material may be mixed at the time of construction, or some or all of the materials may be mixed in advance.
- the concrete composition other than the setting accelerator and water can be mixed at a high temperature, and the setting accelerator can be mixed at the construction site.
- any existing device such as a tilting mixer, an omni mixer, a Henschel mixer, a V-type mixer, a Plosser mixer, and a Nauta mixer can be used.
- the temperature at which the concrete composition hardens is preferably 20°C or lower, more preferably 18°C or lower, and even more preferably 15°C or lower.
- the concrete compositions prepared in the respective experimental examples were evaluated by the following methods.
- (slump) The slump of the base concrete was measured immediately after mixing (0 min), 30 min later (immediately after adding the setting accelerator), 60 min later, and 90 min later in accordance with JIS A 1150.
- the slump after 60 min was considered to be good when it was in the range of 15.5 to 20.5 cm
- the slump after 60 min was considered to be good when it was in the range of 12.5 to 17.5 cm.
- First departure time The initial time was measured in accordance with JIS A 1147: 2019.
- the bleeding time was determined by measuring the bleeding according to the concrete bleeding test method (JIS A 1123), and the time when bleeding was no longer observed was defined as the bleeding time.
- Base concrete was prepared according to the mix ratio shown in Table 1 below. Two types of base concrete were prepared: Mix No. 1, which used a high-performance water-reducing agent, and Mix No. 2, which used a water-reducing agent. The water-reducing agent was added in the amount of 0.8% cement for Mix No. 1 and 1.0% cement for Mix No. 2. The materials used are shown below.
- Example 1 The set accelerator was prepared in the amounts shown in Table 2 below, and added 30 minutes after the completion of mixing of the base concrete of Mixture No. 1, and mixed to prepare a concrete composition. The slump and initial slump time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing of the base concrete. The environmental temperature for all tests was 10°C. The results are shown in Table 2.
- No. 1-2 to 1-5 which are examples of the present invention, were able to shorten the initial start time and achieve a slump value equivalent to that when no setting accelerator was added.
- Example 2 The setting accelerator was prepared in the amounts shown in Table 3 below, and added 30 minutes after the completion of mixing of the base concrete of Mixture No. 1, and mixed to prepare a concrete composition. The slump, initial bleeding time, and bleeding time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing of the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Test Nos. 2-2 to 2-10 which are examples of the present invention.
- Test Nos. 2-2 to 2-4 which used aluminum sulfate, had a setting acceleration effect and were able to moderately reduce fluidity.
- Test Nos. 2-11 to 2-16 in which the ratio of organic acid calcium salt to inorganic sulfate was outside the range of the present invention, and Test Nos. 2-17 to 2-20, in which only one of the components was used, were unable to maintain slump.
- Example 3 The setting accelerator was prepared in the amounts shown in Table 4 below, and added 30 minutes after the completion of mixing of the base concrete of Mixture No. 2, and mixed to prepare a concrete composition. The slump, initial bleeding time, and bleeding time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing of the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 4 The organic acid calcium was used to prepare the setting accelerator in the amounts shown in Table 5 below, using calcium formate and calcium acetate. Thirty minutes after the completion of mixing the base concrete of Mixture No. 1, the accelerator was added and mixed to prepare a concrete composition. The slump, initial bleeding time, and bleeding time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed since the completion of mixing the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 5 A setting accelerator was prepared with a mixing ratio of 80% by mass of calcium formate as an organic acid calcium salt and 20% by mass of aluminum sulfate as an inorganic sulfate salt, and the additive amounts shown in Table 5 were added 30 minutes after the completion of mixing of the base concrete of Mixture No. 1, and the concrete composition was prepared by kneading. The slump, initial time, and bleeding time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing of the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Example 6 A setting accelerator was prepared with a mixing ratio of 80% by mass of calcium formate as an organic acid calcium salt and 20% by mass of aluminum sulfate as an inorganic sulfate salt.
- the calcium formate and aluminum sulfate were used with the raw materials shown in Table 7 for the portion passing through a 0.6 mm sieve.
- the prepared setting accelerator was measured for slump, initial bleeding time, and bleeding time after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 7.
- Example 7 Using a concrete composition containing an expansive additive, the effect of the addition of a setting accelerator on the expansion rate was confirmed. Also, the slump and initial set time were confirmed.
- the composition of the base concrete containing the expansive agent used in Experimental Example 7 is shown in Table 8.
- the expansive agent used was an ettringite-lime composite (Denka Power CSA) or a lime-based ( Pacific Materials Hyperexpan).
- the binder in Table 8 is the total amount of C (cement) and the expansive agent.
- the setting accelerator As the setting accelerator, the setting accelerators shown in Table 9 were used. As a comparative example, a setting accelerator consisting of aluminum sulfate, a water reducing agent, and a retarder was used. The water-reducing agent and retarder used in Test No. 7-2 were as follows: ⁇ Water reducing agent: Lignosulfonic acid type ⁇ Retarder: Tartaric acid
- the set accelerator was prepared in the amount shown in Table 9 below, and 30 minutes after the completion of mixing the base concrete containing the expansive agent of Mixture No. 3, the set accelerator was added and mixed to prepare a concrete composition.
- the expansion rate was measured a predetermined number of days after the completion of mixing the base concrete containing the expansive agent. The results are shown in Table 9.
- the expansion coefficient was measured based on the test method for expansive additives for concrete specified in JIS A 6202.
- Test Nos. 7-3 to 7-5 which are examples of the present invention
- no difference in the expansion rate was observed compared to Test No. 7-1, in which no setting accelerator was added.
- Test No. 7-2 which does not contain an organic acid (calcium formate)
- the expansion rate was reduced to about one-third of that of Test No. 7-1, in which no setting accelerator was added.
- the setting accelerator of the present invention can obtain an expansion rate equivalent to that of a concrete composition to which no setting accelerator is added, or can suppress a decrease in the expansion rate.
- the fluidity of concrete can be maintained and the time from concrete pouring to trowel finishing can be shortened, making it applicable widely in the civil engineering and construction fields.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、主に、建築・土木業界において使用されるコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材、コンクリート組成物、及び硬化体に関する。なお、本発明のコンクリート組成物は、セメントペースト、モルタル、コンクリートを総称するものである。 The present invention relates to a setting accelerator for trowel finishing, a concrete composition, and a hardened concrete used primarily in the construction and civil engineering industries. The concrete composition of the present invention is a general term for cement paste, mortar, and concrete.
コンクリート工では、コンクリートを打設した後、コンクリート表面をコテ仕上げすることが多い。このコテ仕上げの良し悪しが、コンクリート表面のひび割れや強度に影響し、最終的にはコンクリート構造物の耐久性に影響する場合がある。 In concrete construction, the surface of the concrete is often finished with a trowel after it has been poured. The quality of this trowel finish can affect the cracks and strength of the concrete surface, and ultimately the durability of the concrete structure.
このコテ仕上げ作業において、最終のコテ仕上げ作業の開始時は、ブリーディングが引き始めた時期が最適な時期とされている。ブリーディングが引き始める時期はコンクリートの凝結始発時間の直前であるため、何時間もの間、左官職人は待機しているのが現状であり、この待機時間が、作業効率の低下を招いている。 In this trowel finishing work, the optimal time to start the final trowel finishing work is when the bleeding starts to subside. Because the bleeding starts to subside just before the concrete starts to set, the current situation is that plasterers have to wait for hours, and this waiting time reduces work efficiency.
そこで、コンクリートの凝結を早めるため、例えば下記の特許文献1には、コンクリートに凝結促進剤を添加することが行われている。 In order to speed up the setting of concrete, for example, Patent Document 1 below describes the addition of a setting accelerator to the concrete.
しかしながら、凝結促進剤を添加したコンクリートにおいては、凝結促進剤を添加することで流動性が失われてしまい、打設時の作業性が著しく悪くなって施工が上手くいかず、施工欠陥を招く恐れがあった。 However, when setting accelerators are added to concrete, the fluidity is lost, which significantly reduces workability during pouring, leading to poor construction and the risk of construction defects.
本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、コンクリートの流動性保持性と、コンクリート打設からコテ仕上げが可能となる時間までの短縮が可能なコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材を提供することを目的とする。また、このコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材を含むコンクリート組成物、及び、このコンクリート組成物からなる硬化体を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention was made in consideration of these circumstances, and aims to provide a setting accelerator for trowel finishing that retains the fluidity of concrete and shortens the time from pouring concrete to when it can be finished with a trowel. It also aims to provide a concrete composition that contains this setting accelerator for trowel finishing, and a hardened concrete body made from this concrete composition.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を行った結果、有機酸カルシウム塩と無機硫酸塩を所定の割合で含有するコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材により、当該課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明に至った。すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。 As a result of intensive research into solving the above problems, the inventors discovered that the above problems could be solved by a setting accelerator for trowel finishing that contains an organic acid calcium salt and an inorganic sulfate in a specific ratio, and thus arrived at the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] 有機酸カルシウム塩と無機硫酸塩とを含有し、前記有機酸カルシウム塩と前記無機硫酸塩との質量比(有機酸カルシウム塩/無機硫酸塩)が、20/80~95/5である、コテ仕上げ用凝結促進材。
[2] 前記有機酸カルシウム塩がカルボン酸カルシウムである、[1]に記載のコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材。
[3] 前記無機硫酸塩が、硫酸アルミニウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、及びカリミョウバンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む、[1]又は[2]に記載のコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材。
[4] 前記有機酸カルシウム塩及び前記無機硫酸塩は、0.6mmふるい通過分が質量基準で95%以上である、[1]から[3]のいずれかに記載のコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材。
[5] [1]から[4]のいずれかに記載のコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材と、セメントと、を含有するコンクリート組成物。
[6] 前記コテ仕上げ用凝結促進材の含有量が、前記コンクリート組成物1m3当たり、0.5~8kgである、[5]に記載のコンクリート組成物。
[7] さらに、膨張材を含有する、[5]又は[6]に記載のコンクリート組成物。
[8] [5]~[7]のいずれかに記載のコンクリート組成物を硬化してなる、硬化体。
[1] A setting accelerator for trowel finishing, comprising an organic acid calcium salt and an inorganic sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of the organic acid calcium salt to the inorganic sulfate (organic acid calcium salt/inorganic sulfate) is 20/80 to 95/5.
[2] The setting accelerator for trowel finishing according to [1], wherein the organic acid calcium salt is calcium carboxylate.
[3] The setting accelerator for trowel finishing according to [1] or [2], wherein the inorganic sulfate salt comprises at least one selected from aluminum sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, and potassium alum.
[4] The setting accelerator for trowel finishing according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the organic acid calcium salt and the inorganic sulfate have a mass ratio of 95% or more passing through a 0.6 mm sieve.
[5] A concrete composition comprising the setting accelerator for trowel finishing according to any one of [1] to [4] and cement.
[6] The concrete composition according to [5], wherein the content of the trowel finishing setting accelerator is 0.5 to 8 kg per 1 m3 of the concrete composition.
[7] The concrete composition according to [5] or [6], further comprising an expansive agent.
[8] A hardened body obtained by hardening the concrete composition according to any one of [5] to [7].
本発明によれば、コンクリートの流動性保持性と、コンクリート打設からコテ仕上げが可能となる時間までの短縮が可能なコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材、このコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材を含むコンクリート組成物、及び、このコンクリート組成物からなる硬化体を提供することができる。 The present invention provides a setting accelerator for trowel finishing that can maintain the fluidity of concrete and shorten the time from pouring concrete to when it can be finished with a trowel, a concrete composition that contains this setting accelerator for trowel finishing, and a hardened concrete body made from this concrete composition.
以下、本発明のコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材、コンクリート組成物、及び硬化体について詳細に説明するが、本発明は当該実施形態に限定されるものではない。なお、本明細書における「%」は特に規定しない限り質量基準とする。また、記号「~」を用いて規定された数値範囲は「~」の両端(上限及び下限)の数値を含むものとする。 The trowel finishing setting accelerator, concrete composition, and hardened body of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Note that "%" in this specification is based on mass unless otherwise specified. In addition, a numerical range specified using the symbol "~" includes the numerical values at both ends of "~" (upper and lower limits).
[コテ仕上げ用凝結促進材]
本発明のコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材(以下、単に「凝結促進材」ともいう。)は、有機酸カルシウム塩と無機硫酸塩とを含有し、有機酸カルシウム塩と無機硫酸塩との質量比(有機酸カルシウム塩/無機硫酸塩)が、20/80~95/5である。
[Set accelerator for trowel finishing]
The setting accelerator for trowel finishing of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as "setting accelerator") contains an organic acid calcium salt and an inorganic sulfate, and the mass ratio of the organic acid calcium salt to the inorganic sulfate (organic acid calcium salt/inorganic sulfate) is 20/80 to 95/5.
凝結促進材中の有機酸カルシウム塩と無機硫酸塩との合計は、コンクリートの流動性の保持性と、コンクリート打設からコテ仕上げが可能となる時間(以下、「コテ仕上げ可能時間」ともいう。)の短縮をより確実にする観点から、80質量%以上であることが好ましく、90質量%以上がより好ましい。 The total of the organic acid calcium salt and inorganic sulfate in the setting accelerator is preferably 80% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more, from the standpoint of ensuring the retention of concrete fluidity and shortening the time from concrete pouring until trowel finishing is possible (hereinafter also referred to as "trowel finishing time").
(有機酸カルシウム塩)
本発明の凝結促進材は、有機酸カルシウム塩を含有する。有機酸カルシウム塩を含有することで、コテ仕上げ可能時間を短縮することができる。有機酸カルシウム塩としては、カルボン酸カルシウム塩を用いることができ、例えば、ギ酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、及び乳酸カルシウムを用いることができる。有機酸カルシウムは、1種のみ、または2種以上を用いることができる。本実施形態においては、コテ仕上げ可能時間の短縮の観点からギ酸カルシウムを用いることが好ましい。
(Calcium salt of organic acid)
The setting accelerator of the present invention contains an organic acid calcium salt. By containing an organic acid calcium salt, the time when trowel finishing is possible can be shortened. As the organic acid calcium salt, a carboxylate calcium salt can be used, for example, calcium formate, calcium acetate, and calcium lactate can be used. Only one type of organic acid calcium can be used, or two or more types can be used. In this embodiment, it is preferable to use calcium formate from the viewpoint of shortening the time when trowel finishing is possible.
本実施形態において、凝結促進材中の有機酸カルシウム塩の含有量は、20質量%以上95質量%以下が好ましく、30質量%以上90質量%以下がより好ましく、40質量%以上85質量%以下がさらに好ましい。有機酸カルシウム塩の含有量を20質量%以上とすることで、コテ仕上げ可能時間を早めることができる。また、95質量%以下とすることで、コンクリートの流動性を適度に低下させることができる。 In this embodiment, the content of the organic acid calcium salt in the setting accelerator is preferably 20% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and even more preferably 40% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less. By making the content of the organic acid calcium salt 20% by mass or more, the time until trowel finishing can be completed can be shortened. Furthermore, by making it 95% by mass or less, the fluidity of the concrete can be appropriately reduced.
また、本発明の凝結促進材に用いられる有機酸カルシウムは粉末状であることが好ましく、0.6mmふるい通過分が95%以上であること好ましい。有機酸カルシウムの0.6mmふるい通過分を95%以上の粉末とすることで、コテ仕上げ性を良好にすることができる。なお、コテ仕上げ性が良好とは、コテ仕上げ後のコンクリート表面にあばた、気泡、及び仕上げのむらがなく、平滑であることをいう。また、コテ仕上げ後のブリーディングを収まりやすくすることができる。 The organic acid calcium used in the setting accelerator of the present invention is preferably in powder form, with 95% or more passing through a 0.6 mm sieve. By making the organic acid calcium powder such that 95% or more passes through a 0.6 mm sieve, it is possible to improve trowel finishability. Good trowel finishability means that the concrete surface after trowel finish is smooth and free of pockmarks, air bubbles, and uneven finish. It also makes it easier to reduce bleeding after trowel finish.
(無機硫酸塩)
本発明の凝結促進材は、無機硫酸塩を含有する。無機硫酸塩を含有することで、コンクリートの流動性の保持性を高めることができる。無機硫酸塩としては、例えば、硫酸アルミニウム、及び、硫酸ナトリウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、カリミョウバン等のアルカリ金属硫酸塩が好ましく、硫酸アルミニウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、カリミョウバンがより好ましい。なかでも、硫酸アルミニウムが、製造されるコンクリートの流動性の保持、及びコンクリートの総アルカリ量(R2O量)を抑え、アルカリ骨材反応を抑制できる観点で好ましい。また、無機硫酸塩は、1種のみ、または2種以上を用いることができる。
(Inorganic sulfates)
The setting accelerator of the present invention contains an inorganic sulfate. By containing an inorganic sulfate, the fluidity retention of concrete can be improved. As the inorganic sulfate, for example, aluminum sulfate and alkali metal sulfates such as sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, and potassium alum are preferable, and aluminum sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, and potassium alum are more preferable. Among them, aluminum sulfate is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining the fluidity of the concrete produced, suppressing the total alkali amount (R 2 O amount) of the concrete, and suppressing the alkali aggregate reaction. In addition, only one type of inorganic sulfate can be used, or two or more types can be used.
本実施形態において、凝結促進材中の無機硫酸塩の含有量は、5質量%以上80質量%以下が好ましく、10質量%以上60質量%以下がより好ましく、15質量%以上50質量%以下がさらに好ましい。無機硫酸塩の含有量を5質量%以上とすることで、コンクリートの流動性を適度に低下させることができる。また、80質量%以下とすることで、コテ仕上げ可能時間を早めることができる。 In this embodiment, the content of inorganic sulfate in the setting accelerator is preferably 5% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, and even more preferably 15% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. By making the content of inorganic sulfate 5% by mass or more, it is possible to appropriately reduce the fluidity of the concrete. In addition, by making it 80% by mass or less, it is possible to shorten the time until finishing with a trowel is possible.
また、本発明の凝結促進材に用いられる無機硫酸塩は粉末状であることが好ましく、0.6mmふるい通過分が95%以上であること好ましい。無機硫酸塩の0.6mmふるい通過分を95%以上の粉末とすることで、コテ仕上げ性を良好にすることができる。また、コテ仕上げ後のブリーディングを収まりやすくすることができる。 In addition, the inorganic sulfate used in the setting accelerator of the present invention is preferably in powder form, and preferably 95% or more of the inorganic sulfate passes through a 0.6 mm sieve. By making the inorganic sulfate powder so that 95% or more of the inorganic sulfate passes through a 0.6 mm sieve, the finishability with a trowel can be improved. Also, bleeding after trowel finishing can be easily suppressed.
本発明の凝結促進材は、有機酸カルシウム塩と無機硫酸塩との質量比(有機酸カルシウム塩/無機硫酸塩)が、20/80~95/5である。有機酸カルシウム塩と無機硫酸塩との質量比が20/80未満であると、コテ仕上げ可能時間は早くなるが、コンクリートの流動性の保持性が悪くなる。また、95/5を超えると、コンクリートの流動性が良くなって、スランプの範囲を逸脱する。有機酸カルシウム塩/無機硫酸塩は、30/70~90/10が好ましく、40/60~80/20がより好ましい。 The set accelerator of the present invention has a mass ratio of organic acid calcium salt to inorganic sulfate (organic acid calcium salt/inorganic sulfate) of 20/80 to 95/5. If the mass ratio of organic acid calcium salt to inorganic sulfate is less than 20/80, the time required for trowel finishing will be shorter, but the fluidity of the concrete will be poorly maintained. If it exceeds 95/5, the fluidity of the concrete will improve and it will fall outside the slump range. The organic acid calcium salt/inorganic sulfate ratio is preferably 30/70 to 90/10, and more preferably 40/60 to 80/20.
また、本実施形態の凝結促進材は、上記有機酸カルシウム塩及び上記無機硫酸塩以外にコンクリート用膨張材、収縮低減剤のうちの一種又は二種以上を、本発明の目的を実質的に阻害しない範囲で使用することが可能である。 In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned organic acid calcium salt and inorganic sulfate, the setting accelerator of this embodiment can also contain one or more of concrete expansion agents and shrinkage reducing agents within a range that does not substantially impair the object of the present invention.
[凝結促進材の製造方法]
本実施形態の凝結促進材は、各材料を混合することで製造される。混合方法は特に限定されるものではなく、既存の混合装置が使用可能である。
[Method of manufacturing setting accelerator]
The setting accelerator of the present embodiment is produced by mixing the materials. The mixing method is not particularly limited, and an existing mixing device can be used.
[コンクリート組成物]
本実施形態に係るコンクリート組成物は、凝結促進材と、セメントとを含有する。
[Concrete composition]
The concrete composition according to this embodiment contains a set accelerator and cement.
セメントとしては、特に限定されるものではなく、普通、早強、超早強、低熱及び中庸熱等の各種ポルトランドセメント、これらのポルトランドセメントに、高炉スラグやフライアッシュ、シリカフュームなどを混合した各種混合セメント、都市ゴミ焼却灰や下水汚泥焼却灰を原料として製造された環境調和型セメント(エコセメント)、市販されている微粒子セメント、白色セメントなどが挙げられ、各種セメントを微粉末化して使用することも可能である。また、通常セメントに使用されている成分(例えば石膏等)量を増減して調整されたものも使用可能である。さらに、これらを2種以上組み合わせたものも使用可能である。 Cement is not particularly limited, and examples include various types of Portland cement, such as normal, early strength, extra early strength, low heat and medium heat, various mixed cements in which Portland cement is mixed with blast furnace slag, fly ash or silica fume, environmentally friendly cement (eco-cement) made from municipal waste incineration ash or sewage sludge incineration ash, commercially available fine particle cement, white cement, etc. It is also possible to use various types of cement in a fine powder form. It is also possible to use cement that has been adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of components normally used in cement (such as gypsum). Furthermore, it is also possible to use a combination of two or more of these.
本発明の凝結促進材は、コンクリート組成物1m3当たり0.5~8kg含有していることが好ましく、2.5~5kgがより好ましく、3~4kgがさらに好ましい。凝結促進材の含有量をコンクリート組成物1m3当たり0.5~8kgとすることで、コテ仕上げ可能時間の短縮効果が得られやすくなり、コンクリートの流動性保持性を良好にすることができる。 The set accelerator of the present invention is preferably contained in an amount of 0.5 to 8 kg per 1 m3 of concrete composition, more preferably 2.5 to 5 kg, and even more preferably 3 to 4 kg. By making the content of the set accelerator 0.5 to 8 kg per 1 m3 of concrete composition, the effect of shortening the time until trowel finishing can be achieved is easily obtained, and the fluidity retention of concrete can be improved.
また、凝結促進材は、セメント100質量部に対して0.10~2質量部含有していることが好ましく、0.45~1.7質量部がより好ましく、0.55~1.4質量部がさらに好ましい。凝結促進剤の含有量をセメント100質量部に対して、0.10~2質量部%とすることで、コテ仕上げ可能時間の短縮効果が得られやすくなり、コンクリートの流動性保持性を良好にすることができる。 The setting accelerator is preferably contained in an amount of 0.10 to 2 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement, more preferably 0.45 to 1.7 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.55 to 1.4 parts by mass. By making the content of the setting accelerator 0.10 to 2 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement, it becomes easier to shorten the time required for trowel finishing, and the fluidity retention of the concrete can be improved.
コンクリート組成物は、骨材を含むことが好ましい。使用する骨材としては、通常のセメントモルタルやコンクリートに使用するものと同様の細骨材や粗骨材が使用可能である。即ち、川砂、川砂利、山砂、山砂利、砕石、砕砂、石灰石骨材、石灰砂、けい砂、色砂、人口骨材、高炉スラグ骨材、海砂、海砂利、人工軽量骨材、及び重量骨材等が使用可能であり、これらを組み合わせることも可能である。 The concrete composition preferably contains aggregate. The aggregate to be used may be the same fine or coarse aggregate as that used in ordinary cement mortar or concrete. That is, river sand, river gravel, mountain sand, mountain gravel, crushed stone, crushed sand, limestone aggregate, lime sand, silica sand, colored sand, artificial aggregate, blast furnace slag aggregate, sea sand, sea gravel, artificial lightweight aggregate, heavy weight aggregate, etc. may be used, and combinations of these are also possible.
コンクリート組成物は、減水剤を含有することができる。コンクリート組成物が減水剤を含有することで、流動性保持性を良好にしやすい。減水剤としては、ポリオール誘導体、リグニンスルホン酸塩やその誘導体、高性能減水剤等が挙げられ、これらの1種又は2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中でも、流動性保持性の観点で、高性能減水剤が好ましい。 The concrete composition may contain a water-reducing agent. When the concrete composition contains a water-reducing agent, it is easier to improve the fluidity retention. Examples of water-reducing agents include polyol derivatives, lignin sulfonates and their derivatives, and high-performance water-reducing agents, and one or more of these may be used in combination. Among these, high-performance water-reducing agents are preferred from the viewpoint of fluidity retention.
高性能減水剤としては、アルキルアリルスルホン酸塩のホルマリン縮合物、ナフタレンスルホン酸塩のホルマリン縮合物、メラミンスルホン酸塩のホルマリン縮合物及びポリカルボン酸系高分子化合物等が挙げられ、これらの1種又は2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中では、流動性保持性の効果が大きい点でポリカルボン酸系高分子化合物が好ましい。 Examples of high-performance water-reducing agents include formalin condensates of alkylarylsulfonates, formalin condensates of naphthalenesulfonates, formalin condensates of melaminesulfonates, and polycarboxylic acid polymer compounds, and one or more of these may be used in combination. Among these, polycarboxylic acid polymer compounds are preferred because of their high fluidity retention effect.
高性能減水剤の使用量は、セメント100質量部に対して、0.05~3質量部であることが好ましく、0.1~2質量部であることがより好ましい。0.05~3質量部であると充分な流動性の保持性の効果が得られやすくなる。
高性能減水剤は液状や粉状のものが使用できるが、現場使用時の作業性や物性の変動が少ない点から、粉状の減水剤を本発明のコンクリート組成物に予め混合して用いることが好ましい。
The amount of the high performance water reducing agent used is preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of cement. When the amount is 0.05 to 3 parts by mass, the effect of maintaining sufficient fluidity is easily obtained.
The high-range water-reducing agent can be in liquid or powder form, but it is preferable to use a powder water-reducing agent that is premixed with the concrete composition of the present invention, as this reduces workability and physical property fluctuations during on-site use.
コンクリート組成物は、コンクリート組成物中に膨張材を含有することができる。本発明の凝結促進材を、膨張材を含むコンクリート組成物に用いることで、コンクリートの流動性保持性と、コンクリート打設からコテ仕上げが可能となる時間の短縮を図りながら、所定の膨張性を付与してその後の収縮とひび割れを低減することができる。また、膨張材に代えて、あるいは、膨張材に加えて、収縮低減剤を用いることもできる。 The concrete composition may contain an expansive material. By using the set accelerator of the present invention in a concrete composition containing an expansive material, it is possible to impart a certain degree of expansiveness to the concrete, while improving the fluidity of the concrete and shortening the time from pouring to when the concrete can be finished with a trowel, thereby reducing subsequent shrinkage and cracking. Also, a shrinkage-reducing agent may be used instead of or in addition to the expansive material.
膨張材としては、特に、限定されるものではなく、膨張水和物を生成させ、コンクリート又はモルタルを膨張させる作用を有するものであれば、いかなるものでも使用可能である。膨張材としては、特に、凝結促進剤に含まれる有機酸カルシウム塩及び無機硫酸塩と組み合わせた際に、収縮を抑制し、膨張材としての効果を発揮しやすいため、遊離石灰、遊離マグネシア、カルシウムフェライト、エトリンガイト系、石灰系、エトリンガイト-石灰複合系、アウイン系を含むものが好ましい。 The expansive agent is not particularly limited, and any agent that generates expansion hydrates and expands concrete or mortar can be used. As the expansive agent, those containing free lime, free magnesia, calcium ferrite, ettringite, lime, ettringite-lime composite, and hauyne are preferred, as they tend to suppress shrinkage and exert their expansive effect when combined with the organic acid calcium salt and inorganic sulfate contained in the setting accelerator.
膨張材の粒度は、ブレーン比表面積で2000~9000cm2/gであることが好ましく、3000~8000cm2/gであることがより好ましい。2000cm2/g以上であることで水和反応が良好に進行し、9000cm2/g以下であることで水和反応が早くなり過ぎず、所定の膨張が得られやすくなる。
なお、本明細書において、ブレーン比表面積はJIS R 5201に準拠して求めることができる。
The particle size of the expansive agent is preferably 2000 to 9000 cm 2 /g, more preferably 3000 to 8000 cm 2 /g, in terms of Blaine specific surface area. With a specific surface area of 2000 cm 2 /g or more, the hydration reaction proceeds well, while with a specific surface area of 9000 cm 2 /g or less, the hydration reaction does not proceed too quickly, making it easier to obtain the desired expansion.
In this specification, the Blaine specific surface area can be determined in accordance with JIS R 5201.
膨張材の使用量は、コンクリート組成物1m3あたり5~30kg/m3である事が好ましく、10~25kg/m3程度である事がさらに好ましい。5kg/m3以上である事で収縮補償効果が得られやすくなり、30kg/m3以下である事で膨張量が大きくなりすぎて、強度が低下するのを防ぐ事ができる。 The amount of expansive agent used is preferably 5 to 30 kg/ m3 per 1 m3 of concrete composition, and more preferably about 10 to 25 kg/m3. When the amount is 5 kg/m3 or more , the shrinkage compensation effect is easily obtained, and when the amount is 30 kg/m3 or less , it is possible to prevent the amount of expansion from becoming too large, which would otherwise cause a decrease in strength.
コンクリート組成物は、アルカリ金属炭酸塩を含有することができる。コンクリート組成物がアルカリ金属炭酸塩を含有することで、流動性保持性を良好にしやすい。アルカリ金属炭酸塩としては、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸リチウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素リチウム等が挙げられ、これらを組み合わせることも可能である。 The concrete composition may contain an alkali metal carbonate. When the concrete composition contains an alkali metal carbonate, it is easier to improve the fluidity retention. Examples of alkali metal carbonates include sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, lithium hydrogen carbonate, etc., and these can also be combined.
コンクリート組成物は、シリカ質微粉末を含有することができる。コンクリート組成物がシリカ質微粉末を含有することで流動性保持性を良好にしやすい。シリカ質微粉末としては、高炉水砕スラグ微粉末等の潜在水硬性物質、フライアッシュや、シリカフュームなどのポゾラン物質を挙げることができ、中でも、シリカフュームが好ましい。シリカフュームの種類は限定されるものではないが、流動性の観点から、不純物としてZrO2を10%以下含有するシリカフュームや、酸性シリカフュームの使用がより好ましい。酸性シリカフュームとは、シリカフューム1gを純水100ccに入れて攪拌した時の上澄み液のpHが5.0以下の酸性を示すものをいう。 The concrete composition may contain a siliceous fine powder. The concrete composition containing the siliceous fine powder is likely to have good fluidity retention. Examples of the siliceous fine powder include latent hydraulic substances such as granulated blast furnace slag powder, fly ash, and pozzolanic substances such as silica fume, among which silica fume is preferred. The type of silica fume is not limited, but from the viewpoint of fluidity, it is more preferred to use silica fume containing 10% or less of ZrO2 as an impurity or acidic silica fume. The acidic silica fume refers to a silica fume that exhibits an acidity of pH 5.0 or less when 1 g of silica fume is added to 100 cc of pure water and stirred.
コンクリート組成物は、性能に悪影響を与えない範囲で消泡剤を含有することも可能である。消泡剤は、練り混ぜで巻き込む空気量を抑制する目的で使用するものである。消泡剤の種類としては、硬化モルタルの強度特性に著しく悪影響を与えるものでない限り特に限定されるものではなく、液体状及び粉末状いずれも使用できる。例えば、ポリエーテル系消泡剤、多価アルコールのエステル化物やアルキルエーテル等の多価アルコール系消泡剤、アルキルホスフェート系消泡剤、シリコーン系消泡剤等が挙げられる。 Concrete compositions can also contain antifoaming agents to the extent that it does not adversely affect performance. Antifoaming agents are used to reduce the amount of air entrained during mixing. There are no particular limitations on the type of antifoaming agent, so long as it does not significantly adversely affect the strength properties of the hardened mortar, and both liquid and powdered forms can be used. Examples include polyether-based antifoaming agents, polyhydric alcohol-based antifoaming agents such as esters of polyhydric alcohols and alkyl ethers, alkyl phosphate-based antifoaming agents, and silicone-based antifoaming agents.
また、コンクリート組成物は、性能に悪影響を与えない範囲で、収縮低減剤、ガス発泡物質、AE剤、防錆剤、撥水剤、抗菌剤、着色剤、防凍剤、石灰石微粉末、高炉徐冷スラグ微粉末、下水汚泥焼却灰やその溶融スラグ、都市ゴミ焼却灰やその溶融スラグ、及びパルプスラッジ焼却灰等の混和材料、増粘剤、及び収縮低減剤、ポリマー、ベントナイト、セピオライトなどの粘土鉱物、並びに、ハイドロタルサイトなどのアニオン交換体等のうちの一種又は二種以上を、本発明の目的を実質的に阻害しない範囲で使用することが可能である。 In addition, the concrete composition may contain one or more of the following additives, provided that they do not adversely affect performance: shrinkage reducing agents, gas foaming substances, air entraining agents, rust inhibitors, water repellents, antibacterial agents, colorants, antifreeze agents, limestone fine powder, slowly cooled blast furnace slag fine powder, sewage sludge incineration ash and its molten slag, municipal waste incineration ash and its molten slag, and pulp sludge incineration ash; thickeners; shrinkage reducing agents; polymers; clay minerals such as bentonite and sepiolite; and anion exchangers such as hydrotalcite.
[硬化体]
本実施形態に係る硬化体は、コンクリート組成物と水とを硬化してなる。硬化体は、通常、コンクリート組成物と水とが混練されることにより、水硬性材料であるセメントが水和反応を起こして硬化する。練り混ぜ水量は、特に限定されないが、コンクリート組成物100質量部に対して、10~70質量部であることが好ましく、14~65質量部であることがより好ましく、16質量部~60質量部であることがさらに好ましい。練り混ぜ水量を上記範囲内とすることで、流動性の保持効果を高めることができる。
[Hardened body]
The hardened body according to the present embodiment is formed by hardening a concrete composition and water. The hardened body is usually formed by kneading the concrete composition with water, and the concrete, which is a hydraulic material, undergoes a hydration reaction and hardens. The amount of water used for mixing is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 70 parts by mass, more preferably 14 to 65 parts by mass, and even more preferably 16 to 60 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the concrete composition. By setting the amount of water used for mixing within the above range, the effect of retaining fluidity can be enhanced.
硬化体の製造は、凝結促進材と、セメントと、水とを混練し、セメント組成物を製造した後、コンクリート組成物を硬化することで行われる。
材料の混練は、特に限定されるものではなく、それぞれの材料を施工時に混合しても良いし、あらかじめ一部を、あるいは全部を混合しておいても差し支えない。例えば、あらかじめ一部を混合する場合、凝結促進材以外のコンクリート組成物、及び水を向上で混合しておき、施工場所で凝結促進材を混合させることができる。混合装置としては、既存のいかなる装置、例えば、傾胴ミキサ、オムニミキサ、ヘンシェルミキサ、V型ミキサ、プロシェアミキサ及びナウタミキサなどの使用が可能である。
The hardened body is produced by kneading a set accelerator, cement, and water to produce a cement composition, and then hardening the concrete composition.
The mixing of the materials is not particularly limited, and each material may be mixed at the time of construction, or some or all of the materials may be mixed in advance. For example, when mixing some of the materials in advance, the concrete composition other than the setting accelerator and water can be mixed at a high temperature, and the setting accelerator can be mixed at the construction site. As a mixing device, any existing device such as a tilting mixer, an omni mixer, a Henschel mixer, a V-type mixer, a Plosser mixer, and a Nauta mixer can be used.
また、コンクリート組成物の硬化時の温度は、20℃以下であることが好ましく、18℃以下がより好ましく、15℃以下がさらに好ましい。本発明の凝結促進材を用いることで、20℃以下の低温で硬化(養生)を行っても、コテ仕上げ可能時間を早めることができ、流動性の保持効果を高めることができる。すなわち、本発明の凝結促進材は、低温での使用に特に効果的に用いることができる。 The temperature at which the concrete composition hardens is preferably 20°C or lower, more preferably 18°C or lower, and even more preferably 15°C or lower. By using the setting accelerator of the present invention, the time until finishing with a trowel can be shortened and the fluidity retention effect can be improved, even if the hardening (curing) is performed at a low temperature of 20°C or lower. In other words, the setting accelerator of the present invention can be used particularly effectively at low temperatures.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
<測定方法>
各実験例で調製したコンクリート組成物は以下の方法で評価を行った。
(スランプ)
ベースコンクリートの練り上がり直後(0分)、30分後(凝結促進材添加直後)、60分後、90分後のスランプをJIS A 1150に準じて測定した。スランプは、60分後のスランプが、配合No.1のベースコンクリートを用いた場合は15.5~20.5cmの範囲である場合を、配合No.2のベースコンクリートを用いた場合は12.5~17.5の範囲である場合を、良好な結果が得られたとした。
(始発時間)
始発時間は、JIS A 1147:2019に準じて測定した。凝結促進材無添加の参考例より60分以上始発時間を短縮できたものを良好な結果が得られたとした。
(ブリーディング引き時間)
ブリーディング引き時間は、コンクリートのブリーディング試験方法(JIS A 1123)に準じてブリーディングを測定し、ブリーディングが認められなくなる時間をブリーディング引き時間とした。
<Measurement method>
The concrete compositions prepared in the respective experimental examples were evaluated by the following methods.
(slump)
The slump of the base concrete was measured immediately after mixing (0 min), 30 min later (immediately after adding the setting accelerator), 60 min later, and 90 min later in accordance with JIS A 1150. When the base concrete of mix No. 1 was used, the slump after 60 min was considered to be good when it was in the range of 15.5 to 20.5 cm, and when the base concrete of mix No. 2 was used, the slump after 60 min was considered to be good when it was in the range of 12.5 to 17.5 cm.
(First departure time)
The initial time was measured in accordance with JIS A 1147: 2019. A case in which the initial time was shortened by 60 minutes or more compared to a reference example in which no setting accelerator was added was deemed to have obtained good results.
(Bleeding pull time)
The bleeding time was determined by measuring the bleeding according to the concrete bleeding test method (JIS A 1123), and the time when bleeding was no longer observed was defined as the bleeding time.
<ベースコンクリートの作製>
下記の表1に示す配合でベースコンクリートを作製した。ベースコンクリートは、高性能減水剤を用いた配合No.1と減水剤を用いた配合No.2の2種類を作製した。減水剤は、配合No.1については、セメント×0.8%、配合No.2についてはセメント×1.0%の配合量で添加した。
使用材料を下記に示す。
(使用材料)
セメント:普通ポルトランドセメント(市販品)
水:水道水
細骨材:姫川産川砂
粗骨材:姫川産砕石
減水剤:ポリカルボン酸高性能減水剤(GCPケミカルズ株式会社製、商品名:スーパー100phx)
リグニンスルホン酸系減水剤(GCPケミカルズ株式会社製、商品名:WRDA)
<Preparation of base concrete>
Base concrete was prepared according to the mix ratio shown in Table 1 below. Two types of base concrete were prepared: Mix No. 1, which used a high-performance water-reducing agent, and Mix No. 2, which used a water-reducing agent. The water-reducing agent was added in the amount of 0.8% cement for Mix No. 1 and 1.0% cement for Mix No. 2.
The materials used are shown below.
(Materials used)
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement (commercially available)
Water: Tap water Fine aggregate: River sand from Himekawa River Coarse aggregate: Crushed stone from Himekawa River Water reducing agent: Polycarboxylic acid high performance water reducing agent (manufactured by GCP Chemicals Co., Ltd., product name: Super 100phx)
Lignin sulfonic acid-based water reducing agent (manufactured by GCP Chemicals, product name: WRDA)
(実験例1)
下記の表2に示す配合量の凝結促進材を調製し、配合No.1のベースコンクリートの練り上がりが完了してから30分後に、添加し、混練し、コンクリート組成物を調製した。ベースコンクリートの練り上がり完了から所定時間経過後のスランプ、及び、始発時間を測定した。試験の環境温度はいずれも10℃で行った。結果を表2に示す。
(Experimental Example 1)
The set accelerator was prepared in the amounts shown in Table 2 below, and added 30 minutes after the completion of mixing of the base concrete of Mixture No. 1, and mixed to prepare a concrete composition. The slump and initial slump time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing of the base concrete. The environmental temperature for all tests was 10°C. The results are shown in Table 2.
(使用原料)
ギ酸カルシウム:株式会社朝日化学工業所製、0.6mmふるい通過分98%
無水硫酸アルミニウム:大明化学工業株式会社製、0.6mmふるい通過分100%
粉末硫酸アルミニウム・14水和物:大明化学工業株式会社製、0.6mmふるい通過分98%(粉砕したものを使用)
カリミョウバン:大明化学工業株式会社製、0.6mmふるい通過分100%
チオ硫酸ナトリウム:エア・ウォーター・パフォーマンスケミカル株式会社製、0.6mmふるい通過分98%
(Raw materials used)
Calcium formate: Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 98% passing through 0.6 mm sieve
Anhydrous aluminum sulfate: Taimei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 100% passing through 0.6 mm sieve
Powdered aluminum sulfate 14-hydrate: manufactured by Taimei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 98% passing through a 0.6 mm sieve (crushed product used)
Potassium alum: manufactured by Taimei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 100% passed through a 0.6 mm sieve
Sodium thiosulfate: Air Water Performance Chemicals, Inc., 98% passing through 0.6 mm sieve
表2に示すように、本発明の実施例である、No.1-2~1-5は、始発時間を短縮することができ、スランプも凝結促進材を無添加の場合と同等の値とすることができた。 As shown in Table 2, No. 1-2 to 1-5, which are examples of the present invention, were able to shorten the initial start time and achieve a slump value equivalent to that when no setting accelerator was added.
(実験例2)
下記の表3に示す配合量の凝結促進材を調製し、配合No.1のベースコンクリートの練り上がりが完了してから30分後に、添加し、混練し、コンクリート組成物を調製した。ベースコンクリートの練り上がり完了から所定時間経過後のスランプ、始発時間、及びブリーディング引き時間を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
(Experimental Example 2)
The setting accelerator was prepared in the amounts shown in Table 3 below, and added 30 minutes after the completion of mixing of the base concrete of Mixture No. 1, and mixed to prepare a concrete composition. The slump, initial bleeding time, and bleeding time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing of the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 3.
表3に示すように、本発明の実施例である試験No.2-2~2-10は、良好な結果が得られた。特に硫酸アルミニウムを用いた試験No.2-2~2-4においては、凝結促進効果を有し、流動性を適度に低下させることができた。有機酸カルシウム塩と無機硫酸塩の比が本発明の範囲外である試験No.2-11~2-16、及び、いずれかの一成分のみである試験No.2-17~2-20は、スランプを維持することができていなかった。 As shown in Table 3, good results were obtained in Test Nos. 2-2 to 2-10, which are examples of the present invention. In particular, Test Nos. 2-2 to 2-4, which used aluminum sulfate, had a setting acceleration effect and were able to moderately reduce fluidity. Test Nos. 2-11 to 2-16, in which the ratio of organic acid calcium salt to inorganic sulfate was outside the range of the present invention, and Test Nos. 2-17 to 2-20, in which only one of the components was used, were unable to maintain slump.
(実験例3)
下記の表4に示す配合量の凝結促進材を調製し、配合No.2のベースコンクリートの練り上がりが完了してから30分後に、添加し、混練し、コンクリート組成物を調製した。ベースコンクリートの練り上がり完了から所定時間経過後のスランプ、始発時間、及びブリーディング引き時間を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
(Experimental Example 3)
The setting accelerator was prepared in the amounts shown in Table 4 below, and added 30 minutes after the completion of mixing of the base concrete of Mixture No. 2, and mixed to prepare a concrete composition. The slump, initial bleeding time, and bleeding time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing of the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 4.
表4に示すように、減水剤として、リグニンスルホン酸系の減水剤を用いた場合においても、本発明の凝結促進材を用いることで、スランプの保持性、及び、始発時間、ブリーディング引き時間を短縮できることが確認できた。 As shown in Table 4, even when a lignin sulfonic acid-based water-reducing agent is used, it has been confirmed that the use of the setting accelerator of the present invention improves slump retention and shortens the initial settling time and bleeding time.
(実験例4)
有機酸カルシウムとして、ギ酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウムを用いて、下記の表5に示す配合量の凝結促進材を調製し、配合No.1のベースコンクリートの練り上がりが完了してから30分後に、添加し、混練し、コンクリート組成物を調製した。ベースコンクリートの練り上がり完了から所定時間経過後のスランプ、始発時間、及びブリーディング引き時間を測定した。結果を表5に示す。
(Experimental Example 4)
The organic acid calcium was used to prepare the setting accelerator in the amounts shown in Table 5 below, using calcium formate and calcium acetate. Thirty minutes after the completion of mixing the base concrete of Mixture No. 1, the accelerator was added and mixed to prepare a concrete composition. The slump, initial bleeding time, and bleeding time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed since the completion of mixing the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 5.
(使用原料)
酢酸カルシウム:米山化学工業社製、0.6mmふるい通過分98%(粗粒分は除去)
(Raw materials used)
Calcium acetate: Yoneyama Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 98% passing through 0.6 mm sieve (coarse particles removed)
有機酸カルシウムとして、酢酸カルシウムを用いた場合においても、良好な結果が得られた。 Good results were also obtained when calcium acetate was used as the organic acid calcium.
(実験例5)
有機酸カルシウムとしてギ酸カルシウムを80質量%、無機硫酸塩として硫酸アルミニウムを20質量%の配合割合で凝結促進材を調製し、表5に記載の添加量で、配合No.1のベースコンクリートの練り上がりが完了してから30分後に、添加し、混練し、コンクリート組成物を調製した。ベースコンクリートの練り上がり完了から所定時間経過後のスランプ、始発時間、及びブリーディング引き時間を測定した。結果を表6に示す。
(Experimental Example 5)
A setting accelerator was prepared with a mixing ratio of 80% by mass of calcium formate as an organic acid calcium salt and 20% by mass of aluminum sulfate as an inorganic sulfate salt, and the additive amounts shown in Table 5 were added 30 minutes after the completion of mixing of the base concrete of Mixture No. 1, and the concrete composition was prepared by kneading. The slump, initial time, and bleeding time were measured after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing of the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 6.
表6に示すように、凝結促進材の添加量が少ないと始発時間に時間がかかり、添加量を多くすると、スランプの低下が抑えられていた。 As shown in Table 6, when a small amount of setting accelerator was added, the initial set time was longer, and when a large amount was added, the decrease in slump was suppressed.
(実験例6)
有機酸カルシウムとしてギ酸カルシウムを80質量%、無機硫酸塩として硫酸アルミニウムを20質量%の配合割合で凝結促進材を調製した。ギ酸カルシウム及び硫酸アルミニウムは、0.6mmふるい通過分が表7に示す原料を用いた。調製した凝結促進材をベースコンクリートの練り上がり完了から所定時間経過後のスランプ、始発時間、及びブリーディング引き時間を測定した。結果を表7に示す。
(Experimental Example 6)
A setting accelerator was prepared with a mixing ratio of 80% by mass of calcium formate as an organic acid calcium salt and 20% by mass of aluminum sulfate as an inorganic sulfate salt. The calcium formate and aluminum sulfate were used with the raw materials shown in Table 7 for the portion passing through a 0.6 mm sieve. The prepared setting accelerator was measured for slump, initial bleeding time, and bleeding time after a predetermined time had elapsed from the completion of mixing the base concrete. The results are shown in Table 7.
(実験例7)
膨張材を含有するコンクリート組成物を用いて、凝結促進材の添加による膨張率の影響を確認した。また、スランプ、始発時間を確認した。
実験例7で使用した膨張材を含有するベースコンクリートの組成を表8に示す。
また、膨張材は、エトリンガイト-石灰複合系(デンカパワーCSA)、又は石灰系(太平洋マテリアルハイパーエクスパン)を用いた。また、表8中の結合剤は、C(セメント)と膨張材の合計量である。
(Experimental Example 7)
Using a concrete composition containing an expansive additive, the effect of the addition of a setting accelerator on the expansion rate was confirmed. Also, the slump and initial set time were confirmed.
The composition of the base concrete containing the expansive agent used in Experimental Example 7 is shown in Table 8.
The expansive agent used was an ettringite-lime composite (Denka Power CSA) or a lime-based (Pacific Materials Hyperexpan). The binder in Table 8 is the total amount of C (cement) and the expansive agent.
凝結促進材としては、表9に記載の凝結促進材を用いた。また、比較例として、硫酸アルミニウム、減水剤、及び、遅延剤からなる凝結促進材を用いた。
試験No.7-2で用いた減水剤、及び遅延剤は、下記のものを用いた。
・減水剤:リグニンスルホン酸系
・遅延剤:酒石酸
As the setting accelerator, the setting accelerators shown in Table 9 were used. As a comparative example, a setting accelerator consisting of aluminum sulfate, a water reducing agent, and a retarder was used.
The water-reducing agent and retarder used in Test No. 7-2 were as follows:
・Water reducing agent: Lignosulfonic acid type ・Retarder: Tartaric acid
下記の表9に示す配合量の凝結促進材を調製し、配合No.3の膨張材を含有するベースコンクリートの練り上がりが完了してから30分後に、凝結促進材を添加し、混錬し、コンクリート組成物を調製した。膨張材を含有するベースコンクリートの練り上がり完了から、所定日数経過後の膨張率を測定した。結果を表9に示す。
なお、膨張率は、JIS A 6202のコンクリート用膨張材の試験方法に基づいて測定した。
The set accelerator was prepared in the amount shown in Table 9 below, and 30 minutes after the completion of mixing the base concrete containing the expansive agent of Mixture No. 3, the set accelerator was added and mixed to prepare a concrete composition. The expansion rate was measured a predetermined number of days after the completion of mixing the base concrete containing the expansive agent. The results are shown in Table 9.
The expansion coefficient was measured based on the test method for expansive additives for concrete specified in JIS A 6202.
表9に示すように、本発明の実施例である試験No.7-3~7-5においては、凝結促進材を添加しなかった試験No.7-1と比較し、膨張率に差は見られなかった。有機酸(ギ酸カルシウム)を含有しない試験No.7-2においては、凝結促進材を添加しない試験No.7-1の1/3程度に膨張率が低下した。本発明の凝結促進材は、膨張材を含有するコンクリート組成物に対して添加した場合においても、凝結促進材を添加しないコンクリート組成物と同等の膨張率を得ることができる、または、膨張率が低下することを抑制することができる。 As shown in Table 9, in Test Nos. 7-3 to 7-5, which are examples of the present invention, no difference in the expansion rate was observed compared to Test No. 7-1, in which no setting accelerator was added. In Test No. 7-2, which does not contain an organic acid (calcium formate), the expansion rate was reduced to about one-third of that of Test No. 7-1, in which no setting accelerator was added. Even when added to a concrete composition containing an expansive agent, the setting accelerator of the present invention can obtain an expansion rate equivalent to that of a concrete composition to which no setting accelerator is added, or can suppress a decrease in the expansion rate.
本発明のコテ仕上げ用凝結促進材を用いることで、コンクリートの流動性を保持でき、コンクリート打設からコテ仕上げまでの時間を短縮できるので、土木・建築分野に幅広く適用することができる。 By using the setting accelerator for trowel finishing of the present invention, the fluidity of concrete can be maintained and the time from concrete pouring to trowel finishing can be shortened, making it applicable widely in the civil engineering and construction fields.
Claims (8)
前記有機酸カルシウム塩と前記無機硫酸塩との質量比(有機酸カルシウム塩/無機硫酸塩)が、20/80~95/5である、コテ仕上げ用凝結促進材。 Contains an organic acid calcium salt and an inorganic sulfate,
The mass ratio of the organic acid calcium salt to the inorganic sulfate (organic acid calcium salt/inorganic sulfate) is 20/80 to 95/5.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1190918A (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 1999-04-06 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of concrete product |
| JP2001213646A (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-07 | Nichiha Corp | Cement hardening accelerator and cement hardening acceleratig method |
| WO2019142906A1 (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-25 | デンカ株式会社 | Trowelled finishing agent and usage thereof |
| WO2019244601A1 (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2019-12-26 | デンカ株式会社 | Method for feeding hardening accelerator for concrete surface finish |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1190918A (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 1999-04-06 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of concrete product |
| JP2001213646A (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-07 | Nichiha Corp | Cement hardening accelerator and cement hardening acceleratig method |
| WO2019142906A1 (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-25 | デンカ株式会社 | Trowelled finishing agent and usage thereof |
| WO2019244601A1 (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2019-12-26 | デンカ株式会社 | Method for feeding hardening accelerator for concrete surface finish |
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