WO2024201503A1

WO2024201503A1 - Plant for generation of electricity by losing energy in one part of cycle in nature

Info

Publication number: WO2024201503A1
Application number: PCT/IN2024/050302
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sanjay Kumar
Original assignee: Rani Neha
Current assignee: Rani Neha
Priority date: 2023-03-27
Filing date: 2024-03-23
Publication date: 2024-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2025-09-27
Also published as: WO2024201503A4

Abstract

A plant for generation of electricity by losing energy in one part of cycle, comprising of plurality of buckets (2) each having a hollow enclosed chamber and an open recess making stack on rim pulleys (3), said plant performing the steps of: passing the buckets (2) through pulleys (3) by revolving it and connected generator (13) by their weights, said plant comprises a stack of mercury loaded (figure-1) or metal ball loaded buckets (figure-2,3,4) on lower end of J-shaped water column (1) having entry valve positioned bottom opening (5). The method further includes passing loaded buckets (2) in water column (1) through this valve positioned bottom opening (5), striking the loaded buckets (2) on a pushing pulley, (figure -5) below lower end in water, said pushing pulley pushing every coming loaded buckets (2) in desired horizontal direction B or C from a position A, said loaded buckets (2) emptying after static in water and float multiple horizontally-parallel with given speed within the column (1), wherein the water column (1) has length of about 1000 meter, width of minimum 20 meters and height of about 100 meters. The plant further comprises a mechanical hand (6) on top of water column (1) and a channel (7) to carry and forward empty floating buckets from water column (1) to a vertical frame (4), and a mercury system having mercury pump (9) to lift mercury or metal ball for loading into buckets (2), and move cylinders in the water column (1) in wall of water holding metal balls for emptying metal balls outside the water column (1) (figure-3) where rotation of generator (13) is caused by motion by vertical weight of buckets (2) in air acting on rim pulley (3), where the rim pulley (3) is below the vertical frame (4).

Description

PLANT FOR GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY BY LOSING ENERGY IN ONE PART OF CYCLE IN NATURE

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention is related to generation of electricity on large scale by forces occurring in nature.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART

Primarily generation of electric power is limited today duo to two reasons, first generation machine exits some unwanted materials that is not suitable to atmosphere, second high generation and/or construction cost. In the prior art, electric power is produced by conversion of thermal energy, as in thermal or nuclear power plants or potential energy, as in hydroelectricity (hydel) power plants. Predominantly the generation of electricity in the world over is achieved through thermal power plants. These power plants use some form of fuel which is either burnt, or as in nuclear plants, atomic reaction is caused to produce heat. This heat in turn produces hot gas or steam which rotates a generator. The rotating generator produces electricity.

Burning of any fuel like coal, oil or natural gas gives rise to several associated problems like environmental pollution, health hazards, global warming, increase of greenhouse gases etc. Depletion of the limited stock of fossil fuels of the earth is another major concern. Nuclear plants lead to very serious health problems due to radiation, pollution of the earth's elements due to disposal of spent atomic fuel and carry a big risk of atomic explosion also with them. Another big disadvantage with thermal plants is that they must be located near the fuel source (coal field, oil field, gas wells etc.) to minimize transportation cost of fuel as also reduce risk of stoppage of power generation due to blockage of fuel supply transportation. This limitation on the other hand necessitates long transmission lines to carry the electric power to consumers and very large (upto20%) loss of the generated power during its transmission. In the case of coal based thermal power plants, huge quantities of ash is produced which must first be restricted from emission into atmosphere then be properly disposed of. Other sources like solar, wind geothermal etc. are limited due to their weak output. All these electric power generating stations require expert personnel for their operation and maintenance. For all these reasons, the cost of generation of electric power is very high and is steadily increasing. The invention seeks to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.

OBJECT OF INVENTION

The principal objective of invention is generating electricity with less cost than existing power system. Another objective of invention is making compact power generating station, reducing transmission lines, reducing expertise and labor, and reducing atmospheric hazard duo to power station residue.

SUMMARY

The invention describes generation of electric power by losing some part of kinetic form of energy produced due to gravity, when apply small external input and making system energy imbalance. Then system reduce own input to make balance. Since in horizontal motion anybody does not perform any work duo to gravity, so one part of system remains in initial state what may be other part having fast falling speed. As a result, fast falling object reduce own mass to make balance of energy.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following specification describes the invention of electricity generation on large scale.

According to this invention, we fabricate cylindrical buckets designed to float having closed and open portion with a predetermined ratio and predetermined internal shape, constructed J-shaped stationary water column having round valve fitted gate on lower end, constructed vertical frames parallel to this water column on given side having a mechanism to take buckets from top and release speedily at lower end of this J-shaped column, constructed a separate mercury column on lower end side of water column and joining bottom of both columns. Water filled in water column and liquid mercury (or heavy density liquid element) in mercury column, having both insoluble liquid an equilibrium position of height as per their density. Liquid mercury is filled in open portion of some buckets and put on gate, make a stack in such a way that thrust of water and weight of loaded buckets in stack is in equilibrium. Taking mercury from top of mercury column by pump and putting in bucket on top of gate column, make suitable to one-by-one buckets enter in water. Then, bucket reverts due to lower portion empty and evacuate mercury in water which spreading on bottom. Water put a buoyancy force on floating bucket to go up and pressure on mercury on bottom to lift mercury in mercury column. Keep floating buckets density near to water density make easily entry in gate due to smaller size and slow speed of buckets in water. Many horizontally buckets go up vertically in water with slow speed and come down in air from top of water column by a hang on chain or by making stack between two rim type pulley manner speedily. This speed is controlled by generator coupled with the shaft of these pulleys. After entering buckets in water, kinetic energy of buckets loss as friction by directing buckets in different horizontal side. As a result of this loss, pressure of water on gate remains nearly same as initial on many different speeds of entering buckets. This minimizes height of gate, minimize input for entry in gate. More speed of entering buckets in water make very less height of stack on gate. More number of buckets directing towards horizontal in water make more horizontal path for pumping mercury. As a result, pumping energy is reduced. Since speeding high density buckets in water have high kinetic energy, so will take very less energy in directing to horizontal and loss their kinetic energy in horizontal path in water. Empty buckets in water are self-propelled by small amount of buoyancy. Kinetic energy of falling empty buckets in air from top of water when controlled by generator, converting into electricity. Mercury evacuated from bucket under high pressure unite with mercury of bottom in water column and lift water equal to mercury in bucket. High speed of stack on gate has large kinetic energy and small potential energy. Therefore, by putting small external input by pump, motion of stack of mercury filled buckets on gate works as large input source of energy. Requirement of liquid mercury can be reduced nearly 85% by using small ball of lead covering with steel having density nearly equal to liquid mercury, which is one-time investment. Here lead and steel is an example showing for a mixture of metal that free from reaction with liquid mercury. Some part is included from my old patent no. 217993 India.

Methodology: This system generates electricity at a fraction of the cost of prior art, enabling power generation almost anywhere without damaging the environment. In Figure- 1 , hollow cylindrical-shaped buckets (2) are designed to float in water. All buckets are designed with an open recess located on the top portion that can hold heavy liquid mercury. When the mercury is poured into this recess, the weight of the bucket increases such that it sinks in water. A vertical frame (4) to hold stack of empty buckets. A specially designed J-shaped water column (1 ) filled with stationary water, which floats the buckets. A gate (5) with a specially designed valve is installed at the lower end of the J-column. open portion

ed portion

Mercury-filled bucket enters in the water column vertically through this gate due to gravity. A mechanical system installed below the valve which pushes the exiting buckets in the different horizontal direction in water such that a space is always available below the valve for incoming buckets. The buckets move upward due to their buoyancy in water. When the bucket reaches the top portion of the J-column, it is loaded on top of empty buckets stack. The downward movement of this stack-weight produces the desired rotation of a shaft located in the lower portion of the apparatus. When coupled with an alternator, this shaft generates electricity.

When the bucket enters the gate, the pressure exerted by the height of the water act to prevent it from entering. To overcome this pressure, place mercury-loaded buckets at the gate (creating a stack) such that an equilibrium position exists between the thrust of water and the weight of the stack. After equilibrium, one by one bucket is placed on top of the stack, one by one bucket enters in water, in a continuous process. The bucket reverses its path in the water due to the empty lower portion, and mercury is evacuated at the bottom of the J-column.

To add the mercury into the bucket using the minimum amount of external energy, make a mercury column (mercury filled steel box) near to lower end of water column and bottom of both columns connected. Enough mercury is spread along the bottom of the water tank. The pressure of the water lifts the mercury into mercury column; the height attained by the mercury in the mercury column depends on the height of the water in the water column (i.e., height balance as per liquid densities). To lift the mercury from this height to the top of the stack use a pump. On start moving, height of the stack on the gate slowly falls because the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy active in the stack becomes greater than the thrust of the water. Therefore, stack height reduces which result in reduced pumping power. More speed of filling mercury into topmost bucket of the stack, more kinetic energy enters the stack, and again, reduces the stack height. Thus, as the speed increase, external input height becomes lower for each bucket and output becomes higher. The in-air buckets move down with a considerable speed but float slowly in the water due to limited buoyancy. This speed mismatch is compensated for by the vertical movement of multiple horizontal buckets (in the water column). For example, if speed of buckets in air is 4 m/s, distance between buckets on chain is 0.5 meter and bucket speed in water is 0.5 m/s, then 8 buckets will float horizontally.

On increasing speed of stack on gate, it seems that duo to water pressure, energy to enter one bucket increase. Every bucket has fix energy to enter in water column as per their volume, so if number of buckets per second increase, then energy per second also increase. But energy to enter one bucket is not increase. Pressure on gate can be reduced when converting vertical speeding downward mass into horizontal slow mass. It is explained by below example.

If speed of outgoing mass of same quantity is less than speed of incoming mass, then pressure Q < P. Thus, on speed if size of uplift liquid column increases then pressure on gate decrease. It means on expending horizontal size, if speed of uplift liquid decrease, then pressure on gate decrease. In certain situation, on more and more speed of downward buckets, pressure on gate be maintain nearly equal to pressure of stationary water. High speed of downward filled buckets on gate produces large kinetic energy. Therefore, height of stack on gate reduce on speed. So, pumping height also reduce. It means on certain speed to filled buckets and certain size of water column with certain size of mercury column, height of gate stack and height of mercury in mercury column be nearly same. Here pump also work continuously to maintain required filling speed. Also here note that pump consume less energy in horizontal flow of high-density liquid.

Need low power motor Need low power motor

On different speed of buckets different value of input and output are these

We explain with this example also

If initial downward speed of ball is 2, 4, 8 m/s respectively and last pointB speed is same as 0.5 m/s then ball reach on same height whatever starting point is different on same plane. Discussion: Energy Conservation & Laws:

If we take this system in air just like in water by making gate of two pulleys pass buckets of stack and both side lifting weight balanced as in water then force on gate face both side load same time but in this proposed system gate face only one side force of water thrust. For explanation of energy source, we take some value of project dimension here which has detailed calculation at end of this paper.

If in static system, force of loaded 27 gate buckets (stack) and water thrust is equilibrium at gate then in running system, different speed of gate stake will make different height on gate. Thrust on gate remains same at all speed of gate stack since speed of floating bucket in water is constant for different speed of stack. So, 1 1 mercury filled buckets with 4 m/s speed is sufficient to entry through gate in 100-meter water column. For example, in rahat (Persian wheel) water system, a 100 kg quantity of water is lifted by 10 buffalos at one speed and if we increase speed double of rahat keeping water quantity 100 kg by converting half size of rahat bucket, then high speed of rahat does not change force of pulling and we can reduce no of buffalos 10 to 5.

From this example we can say pressure can be reduced at some point by a mechanism.

Therefore, 27 buckets with slow vertical down speed and 11 buckets with high vertical down speed can work same, if thrust on gate remain nearly same.

Energy for entry one bucket = 222.222x9.8x98.5 = 214510 joule (mass of water equal to one bucket entry is 222.222)

Energy release by stack of 1 1 filled buckets when speed is 4 m/s and height drop is 0.5 meter (one bucket height is 0.5m)

Potential energy = 1 1x1611 x9.8x0.5 = 86832 joule

Kinetic energy =1 /2x 1 1 x161 1 x4x4 = 141768 joule

Total energy = 228600 joule Energy release by stack to enter first bucket = 228600 joule

Energy release by stack to enter second bucket = 228600 joule

Energy release by stack to enter third bucket = 228600 joule

Energy release by stack to enter forth bucket = 228600 joule

Energy release by stack to enter fifth bucket = 228600 joule

Energy release by stack to enter sixth bucket = 228600 joule

Energy release by stack to enter seventh bucket = 228600 joule

Energy release by stack to enter eighth bucket = 228600 joule

Total energy release by stack when 8 buckets enter = 8x228600 = 1828800 joule.

Energy needs to enter 8 buckets in water in one second = 8x214510 = 1716080 joule

If we take, 27 buckets in stack with speed 4 m/s.

Then kinetic energy of 27 buckets in one bucket entry = ¹/2x27x1611 x4x4 = 347976 joule and

Potential energy of 27 buckets in one bucket entry = 27x1611 x9.8x0.5 = 213135 joule

Total energy = 5611 11 joule and energy for 8 buckets in 1 sec = 4488890 joule which is greater than required to entry 1716080 joule, so it is not correct.

So, energy of stack height 5.5 meter having 11 mercury loaded buckets on gate at 4 m/s is correct.

In terms of energy balance at gate in one second, energy gain by water pressure in mercury column to lift mercury equal to fill 8 buckets at height of 7.35 meter = 8x151 1 .1 1x9.8x7.35294 = 871 110 joule (7.35 meter is mercury column height) and energy gain by buckets (8x98.5x2) in water duo to buoyancy =8x100x98.5x2x9.8x0.5 = 772240 joule (8 buckets horizontally float)

So, sum of gain energy from water = 871 110 + 772240 = 1643350 joule

Energy enters in water through gate in entry of 8 buckets = 1716080 joule

Here small difference of 1716080 - 1643350 = 72720 joule shows energy used to get buoyancy.

Here pumping energy is included in gate buckets and buckets in air is due to floated buckets. If we calculate power balance in system then we see formula power P = f*v = force x velocity for 4 m/s velocity

Power in gate = 1 1x161 1x9.8x4 = 694663.2 watts (1611 kg is mass of mercury loaded bucket)

Power of empty buckets loaded on rim pulley = 186x100x9.8x4 = 729120 watts

Power in bucket float in water = 8x98.5x2x100x9.8x0.5 = 772240 watts

Power in mercury column used to lift mercury by water pressure = 8x151 1x9.8x(7.35/1 ) = 870698.64 watts

Power gain by submerge bucket in water when free fall 1 meter from gate to bottom at speed 4 m/s to 0 = 8*1611 *9.8*1 = 126302 watts

Power in water = Power in mercury column + Power in bucket float in water

= 870,698 + 784000 = 1654698 watts

Power in air = Power in gate + Power in hanging bucket + pumping + submerge buckets

= 694663 + 729120 + 109471 + 126302= 1659556 watts

Power in water = Power in air (here 126302 watt is losing power in pushing buckets horizontally in water).

But question yet arise from where this energy is coming. There should be some work for energy or for loss of energy.

Here the point of thinking, we are running in opposite direction from route in which we do not make system to generate energy but we want system to destroy some energy and reach on imbalance position then earth gives energy to make balance.

When bucket enter in water then some energy used in entering bucket, but bucket is in motion with 4 m/s speed having large kinetic energy. We put a moving rim type pulley or pushing pulley as show in Fig. 5 below gate which rotate and horizontally direction change to push coming bucket in horizontal desire direction. In this horizontal direction buckets loss his kinetic energy (velocity 4 m/s to 0) and then come in static position. After static buckets start floating slowly by buoyant force.

Here AB is a moving belt which run between point B and C. Buckets fall on point A and goes to point B, C. Desire number of bucket goes in different horizontal direction. A space is always available below gate for coming buckets. If we prevent hitting of buckets after entering in water then we prevent their backup pressure at gate. Therefore, pressure on gate remains nearly same whatever speed of entering buckets. After neutralize energy, level of mercury loaded buckets in stack on gate be lower or equal to level of mercury column. Now pump work nearly in horizontal flow. This flow of pump makes a speedy gravity stack at gate. Power used in horizontal flow of pump is very less and perform small work against gravity. So, by using this small power, gravity self-create very large power in gravity stack. More horizontal umbrella of buckets in water shows more reduced height of buckets on gate. To make balance of energy system reduce input height on gate.

To putting mercury in buckets from 0 to 4 m/s speed we need to increase some pumping height as formula v² = u² -2gh

4*4 = 0 - 2*9.8*h h= 16/2*9.8 = 0.82 meter

Friction on gate in entry of bucket at 4 m/s is negligible since bucket separate from gate stack after moving 0.5 meter (bucket height) and then submerge in water. Although we increase 1 meter pumping height to recover any friction or pressure and it be count that from 1 1 buckets on gate, lowest bucket is partially submerge in water.

To reduce the cost of mercury, add small spherical of mix metals like steel balls filled with lead element in the mercury. The density of the steel- lead balls is nearly equal to liquid mercury. For example, if density of these ball is kept 10000 kq/meter³ and put in liquid mercury then these balls submerge and float on mercury surface. Put some quantity of liquid mercury in mercury column and then put these balls on surface of mercury with ratio nearly mercury: ball-1 :85, make a stack of ball in mercury column. This mixture will reduce the cost and required quantity of mercury, because the cost of steel and lead is much less than liquid mercury. In a very big plant, one foot height of mercury in mercury column is sufficient. Mercury is used here to prevent water entry in mercury column. In cold water stationary mercury on bottom is not hazardous and here no element is used that can reaction with mercury.

Let make 1 ball and kept their density is 10

Density of steel =8

Density of lead =1 1

Then combined density of ball = (d1v1 +d2v2)/(v1 +v2) (8v1 +1 1v2)/(v1 +v2) =10 8v1 + 11 v2 = 10v1 + 10v2 2v1 = v2 v1 = 0.5v2 steel = 0.5x lead (almost)

If we use mercury then water push mercury directly and no other mechanical work required. But if we use mercury and metal ball then a carry and forward system use to ball carry from water column and put in mercury column. This is due to ball density is slightly less than liquid mercury. If we do not want to use mercury then we take metal ball from bottom of water column and put balls in empty cylinders. Cylinders move in given direction crossing wall of water column without water leakage and emptying balls outside of water column. Force of water pressure push cylinder towards outside and weight of mercury column (now mercury column is a vertical metal balls filled buckets channel in place of mercury) push cylinder towards inner side of water column wall. These both force is balanced (see drawing-3).

We carry balls from top of this channel then weight of channel decrease. Motion of channel keep only forward. Now water press cylinder towards outside from water then cylinder emptying balls in lower buckets of channel in air. Empty cylinder needs a space to enter in water. Now a closed space is created in water which has water nearly equal to volume of cylinder. Cylinder enter in this closed space with filling closed space water in own space. Small quantity of water exits in air from closed space for proper entry of cylinder. After proper entering cylinder in water column, closed space is opened. Cylinder when fill again with metal balls in water column then water in cylinder replaced by balls. Filling balls in cylinder and cylinder return motion, making closed space, opened closed space are all small mechanical work for which use external energy. That small quantity of water that exit from water column describe above, refill in water column by pump.

Drawing - 1 shows operation of invention with two rim type pulleys (3) hold weight of empty buckets (4) from top of water column (1 ) and release on the gate stack (5). A mechanical hand (6)and upper channel (7) pass buckets from water column to empty buckets stack. Here we use water, liquid mercury column(14), (buckets (2), mercury lifting pump (9), alternator (13), gearbox(12), curved bottom to hold mercury. Operation of these is describe in description above. Here given number of horizontal parallel buckets float upward by small buoyant force. Pulleys move when load of bucket pass through and rotate generator. Here water is sample of given liquid. Mercury filling in gate buckets use lower channel (8).

Drawing - 2 shows operation of invention as describe in drawing-1 . Here we use water, liquid mercury, metal balls (14), buckets (2), rim type pulley (3), metal balls collector (9). Here mercury is stable at one level on the bottom of water column and mercury column. Carry-forward system (16) pass metal balls from water column to mercury column and then metal balls are filled in gate buckets in place of liquid mercury.

Drawing - 3 shows operation of invention as describe in drawing-2. Here we use empty cylinder in place of mercury. Also, here we use closed space creator, metal balls take from water and put into cylinder system, metal ball lifting channel in air. Operation of these is describe above. Cylinder means here is multiple cylinder system working in water column as per requirement. Drawing - 4 shows operation of invention as describe in drawing-3. Here put mixture of high density (very high from water) balls (15) and low density (slightly low from water) balls (2) and small quantity of given liquid into above describe gate of water column. It removes the need of valve in gate because of high speed of mixture (high-low-liquid) is sufficient to prevent water leakage. High density balls work as mercury in mercury column and low-density balls works as floating items used in drawing -1. Here high-speed rotating plate below gate flowing speedily mixture of balls horizontally to loss energy and remove back pressure on gate.

Drawing - 5 shows operation of invention as describe in drawing-1 . Here AB is a moving belt, BC is horizontal path, belt run between point B and C. Buckets fall on point A and goes to different horizontal direction between point B and point C.

Operation: The operation and calculation of invention is described in detail with the help an example:

Let the height of the water tank, H1 = 100 m

Mass of the bucket, m = 100 kg

Density of the bucket = 900 kg/m3

Density of water dw = 1000 kg/m3

Density of mercury, dm = 13600 kg/m3

Gravitational acceleration, g = 9.8 m/s²

According to Archimedes principle, a body will float in water if the weight of the displaced water is greater than the body weight. >

Volume of the bucket = 0.1 11 11 11 1 m³

The whole bucket is cylindrical with height Hb = 0.50 m and radius Rb = 0.376 m - Volume of bucket, V = 3.14 x 0.376 x 0.376 x 0.50 = 0.22222222 m³

Volume of open races in the bucket = 0.11 11 1111 m³ = Volume of closed portion of bucket

Mass of mercury in one bucket = 0.11 11 11 1 x 13600 = 151 1.1 1 kg

After filled mercury in open portion, density of bucket, df = [(density of closed portion x volume of closed portion)

+ (density of mercury x volume of mercury portion)] /volume of bucket

= [(900 x 1/2V) + (13600 x 1/2V)]/V

= 7250 kg/m³

We fix the height of the gate from the bottom at 1 .5 m. Therefore, the height of the water column (H2) above the gate will be = 100 - 1 .5 = 98.5 m. We know that the thrust of the water at the gate on volume V = dw x g x H2 x V.

At the gate, if H3 is the height of all filled buckets, then at equilibrium,

Energy gained by the mass of the bucket = Thrust of water on the bucket at the gate. df x V x g x H3 = dw x V x g x H2

H3 = (dw/df) x H2

= (1000/7250) x 98.5 =13.586 m

Number of buckets at this stack height = H3 / Hb = 13.586/0.5 = 27.172 (lowest bucket on gate submerge in water)

If we take weight balance at gate as —

Weight of 27 buckets on gate = 27.172*161 1 *9.8 = 428986.10 newton and

Thrust on gate by water (area*pressure)= 3.14*0.376*0.376*1000*9.8*98.5 = 428516.6 newton

So, weight of buckets on gate = thrust on gate by water

Height that mercury is added into the bucket = height of gate + height of filled buckets

=1.5 + 13.586 = 15 m.

If H4 is the height of the mercury in the mercury column corresponding to the water pressure, then an equilibrium position will exist between the pressures of water and mercury. Thus,

Pressure of water = Pressure of mercury dw x g x H1 = dm x g x H4

H4 = (dw/dm)/H1 = (1000/13600) x 100 = 7.353 m.

A height H4 = 7.353 m is obtained due to the water pressure, but the mercury must be lifted to a height of 15 meter from bottom, so the remaining height H5 = 15 - 7.353 = 7.73 m. is obtained by the action of the pump (in the static state).

CASE 1 : System in equilibrium or idle.

Buckets in Vertical Height: when the system is stable-—

Height of water column = 100 m,

Height of gate from bottom = 1 .5 m

Number of buckets on gate (stack) = 27.172 (calculated above) Height of buckets on gate = 13.5 m (height of each bucket is 0.5 m)

Height of loaded buckets on rim pulley = 100 - (1.5 + 13.5) = 85 m.

Distance between two empty buckets on rim pulley = 0.5 m

Number of empty buckets on rim pulley = 85 x 2 = 170

Energy needed for one bucket to enter the water at a 98.5 m depth

= dw.v.g.h = 1000 x 0.222222222 x 9.8 x 98.5 =21451 1 J (Eq n A)

Potential energy on gate = weight of mercury-filled buckets on gate x downward distance equalto one bucket height

= 27.172 x (151 1.11 11 + 100) x 9.8 x 0.5 = 214511 J (Equ B)

Eqn. A is equal to Eqn. B

CASE 2: Stack of buckets in motion at 4 m/s

Number of buckets on gate (stack) = 10.32 (at 4 m/s, 10.32 filled buckets gives sufficient energy)

Energy needed for one bucket to enter the water (dw.v.g.h)= 1000 x 0.222222222 x 9.8 x 98.5

= 214511 J (Eqn A)

Potential energy on gate (mgh) =10.32 x 1611 .111 1 x 9.8 x 0.5 = 81470 J

Kinetic energy on gate = ¹/z x mass on gate x velocity² =¹/z x10.32x161 1 .1 1 11 x4x4 = 133013 J

Total energy on gate = Potential energy + Kinetic energy

= 81470 + 133013= 214483 J (Eqn B)

Eqn. A is approximately equal to Eqn. B, so number of 11 bucket on gate is sufficient.

Now, number of loaded bucket on rim when speed of rim is 4 m/s -

Height of buckets on gate = 1 1x0.5 = 5.5 m

Height of gate from bottom = 1 .5 m

Height of water column = 100 m,

Height of loaded bucket on rim = 100 - (1 .5 + 5.5) = 93 m.

Distance between two empty buckets on rim pulley = 0.5 m (top to top)

So, no of empty buckets on rim pulley = 93x2 = 186 Rotation of Lower Shaft: When the speed of the stack is 4 m/s, then the speed of the loaded bucket on rim will be 4 m/s because the distance between two buckets on the chain is 0.5 m. The radius (r) of the rim pulley = 0.5 m. Therefore, no of rotation = velocity/2TT.r

Rotation of the shaft = v/(2TT.r) = 4 /(2 x 3.14 x 0.5) = 1.27 per second

= 1 .27 x 60 = 76 rotations/min.

As one bucket is released from the rim pulley at the lower end of j-column, another bucket is simultaneously loaded to the rim pulley stack at the top. Therefore, the rim pulley is always loaded with samebuckets.

Torque at Lower Shaft (Driver) = force in N x radius of top gear R1

= 186 x 100 x 9.8 x 0.5

= 91 140 N-m

= 91 140/9.8

= 9300 kgf-m

Produced Power (in hp) = (Torque in kgf-m x 2TT x rotations/min) 14500

= (9300 kgf-m x 2 x 3.14 x 76)/4500

= 986.378 hp =735838 watt =0.73 MW

We can also use the formula power = Force x Velocity:

P = f x v = 186 x 100 x 9.8 x 4 = 0.73 MW

Power Used in Pumping:

To start the system initially, we use the pump to fill the mercury into the buckets. After a certain elapsed time, when the system is running at a specified speed, the pump works on the lower head. Pumping height = (height of gate + height of bucket on gate + height for downward velocity of mercury + 0.5 meter height for friction) - (height of mercury column)

= (1.5 + 5.5 + 0.8 + 0.5) - 7.35 = 8.8 - 7.35 = 0.95 meter

Power used in pump when system speed is 4 m/s

= mass of mercury in one bucket x no of buckets in one second x height of lifting

= 151 1 x 8 x 9.8 x 0.95 = 112539 watt =0.1 MW

For plant structure, we make given height 100 water column of length given 1000 meter and width given 20 meters. Water column is divided each 10-meter distance as volume 10x20x100 meter³. Above describe system is fixed in every 10-meter distance of water column. These parallel systems are combined by coupling shaft. Such 1000x20x100 meter³ water column generate 70 to 100 MW electric power as per speed of system is maintained 4 to 6 meter/sec and land area 1000x1000 meter² is sufficient for 5000 MW capacity.

Conclusion

When the system begins to move, the mercury loaded buckets at the gate gain kinetic energy, which reduces the number of buckets at the gate and consequently reduces the pumping power. Pressure on gate remains nearly same duo to losing energy in horizontal path of buckets in water.

We use mercury in system at normal temperature where mercury does not make any chemical or physical reaction with other elements and we have done sufficient preparation of safe handling of mercury in system design and motion of mercury can stable by using ball describe above. Also working without mercury describe above. When water will full of horizontal buckets then combined density of water becomes low, so then we mix given soluble mixture to maintain water density equal to normal water.

The forthcoming description refers a control flow with respect of each of the preceding figures 1 to 4:

FigJ. open portion or Recess closed portion

Step 2:ln the vertical frame 4, kinetic energy of falling empty buckets in air from top of water rotates the rim pulleys (3) and thereby generates electricity by the alternator (13).

Step 3: The empty buckets having recessed portion or recesses are collected from vertical frame (4) and passed through an inclined lower channel (8). Upon sliding through the channel (8), the recesses of bucket are filled with liquid mercury from a liquid mercury pump (9). When the mercury is poured into this recess, the weight of the bucket increases such that it becomes prone to sink in water.

Step 4: Below the vertical frame (4), a gate (5) with a specially designed valve is installed at the lower end of the J-column (1 ) of the water column (1 ). Mercury-filled bucket again enters in the water column (1 ) vertically through this gate (5) due to gravity. When the bucket enters the gate (5) into the column (1 ), the pressure is exerted by the height of the water in the column (1 ) to prevent bucket from entering. However, such pressure is overcome due to weight by mercury-loaded buckets at the gate (5). The mercury filled buckets are lined up as a stack at the gate(5) such that an equilibrium position exists between the thrust of water and the weight of the stack. After equilibrium, one by one bucket is placed on top of the stack, one by one bucket enters in water, in a continuous process.

Step 5: A mechanical system shown in Fig. 5or a pushing pulley installed below the gate (5) pushes the entering buckets in the different horizontal direction in water such that a space is always available below the valve for incoming buckets^ As shown in Fig. 5, the bucket filled with mercury strikes position A of the pulley and diverted horizontally to either position B or position C. Also, the bucket reverses its path or turn upside down in the water column (1) due to the empty lower portion and mercury present in the upper portion. Accordingly, mercury is evacuated from the bottom and reaches at the bottom of the J-column (1).

The operation from step 5 branches into two parallel occurring steps: Step 6, and Step 7.

Step 6: Upon striking the pushing pulley and reaching position B or position C, the buckets move horizontally upward and thereafter vertically upwards in column (1) due to their buoyancy in water. When the bucket reaches the top portion of the J-column (1), it is loaded on top of empty buckets stack or vertical frame 4 of Step 1. The downward movement of this stack- weight produces the desired rotation of the rim pulley (3) located in the lower portion of the apparatus. When coupled with an alternator, this shaft generates electricity.

The in-air buckets or empty buckets in the stack (4) move down with a considerable speed but float slowly in the water due to limited buoyancy. This speed mismatch is compensated for by the vertical movement of multiple horizontal buckets (in the water column (1)). For example, if speed of buckets in air is 4 m/s, distance between buckets stack is 0.5 meter and bucket speed in water in the column (1) is 0.5 m/s, then 8 buckets will float horizontally.

Step 7: Mercury evacuated from bucket reaches bottom of the water tank at a location referred as hole (10). The pressure of the water in the column (1) lifts the mercury into mercury column (14). The height attained by the mercury in the mercury column (14) depends on the height of the water in the water column (1) (i.e., height balance as per liquid densities). The mercury column 14 is a mercury filled steel box near to lower end or hole (10) of water column (1). The bottom of both water column 1 and the mercury column 14 are connected.

To lift the mercury from the column (14) to the top of the channel (8), the pump (9) is used as already notified in step 4. When the pump (9) starts, height of the stack on the gate (5) slowly falls because the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy active in the stack becomes greater than the thrust of the water. Therefore, stack height reduces which result in reduced pumping power. More the speed of filling mercury by the pump (9) into bucket at the channel (8), more is kinetic energy of the bucket entering the stack at the gate (5). As a result, the stack height at the gate (5) is reduced or other words any jamming at gate (5) is prevented.

Fig.2

Step 1 to Step 2(same as Fig. 1)

Step 3: The empty buckets having recessed portion or recesses are collected from vertical frame (4) and passed through an inclined lower channel (8). Upon sliding through the column (8), the recesses of bucket are filled with metal balls from a pump (9). When the ball is poured into this recess, the weight of the bucket increases such that it becomes prone to sink in water.

Step 4 to Step 6 same as Fig. 1, except the bucket (2) comprises metal balls instead of liquid mercury in the bucket. When the buckets (2) enter column from the gate (5) in FIG. 2, the metal balls get dropped due to bucket turning upside down and metal balls (14) reach the hole (10).

Step 7. Balls evacuated from bucket reaches bottom of the water tank at a location referred as hole (10). The pressure of the water in the column (1) lifts the mercury which is present at the bottom upwards and thereby metal ball upwards as well into the metal ball column (14). The height attained by the mercury in the metal ball column (14) depends on the height of the water in the water column (1) (i.e., height balance as per liquid densities). The bottom of both water column 1 and the metal ball column 14 are connected. A Carryforward system (16) near the hole (10) passes metal balls evacuated from the bucket from water column 1 to metal ball column (14) and then metal balls are filled in buckets (2) above gate at the lower channel (8).

To lift the metal balls from the column (14) to the top of the vertical stack (4), the pump (9) is used as already notified in step 4. When the pump (9) starts, height of the stack on the gate (5) slowly falls because the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy active in the stack becomes greater than the thrust of the water. Therefore, stack height reduces which result in reduced pumping power. More is speed of filling metal balls by the pump (9) into bucket at the channel (8), more is kinetic energy of the bucket entering the stack at the gate (5). As a result, the stack height at the gate (5) is reduced or other words any jamming at gate (5) is prevented.

Fig.3

Step 1) We take metal ball from bottom of water column (1) and put balls in empty cylinders.

Step 2) We carry balls from top of vertical metal balls filled buckets channel, then weight of the vertical metal balls filled buckets channel decreases. Now water press cylinder towards outside from water then cylinder emptying balls in lower buckets of channel in air.

Step 3) Cylinders move in given direction crossing wall of water column without water leakage and emptying balls outside of water column. Force of water pressure push cylinder towards outside and weight of mercury column 14 (now mercury column is a vertical metal balls filled buckets channel in place of mercury) push cylinder towards inner side of water column wall. These both force is balanced (see Fig-3). Step 4) Empty cylinder needs a space to enter in- water. Now a closed space is created in water which has water nearly equal to volume of cylinder. Cylinder enter in this closed space with filling closed space water in own space. Small quantity of water exits in air from closed space for proper entry of cylinder. After proper entering cylinder in water column (1), closed space is opened.

Thereafter, step 1 repeats as Cylinder when fill again with metal balls in water column (1) then water in cylinder replaced by balls.

Fi£ 4

Operation of Fig. 4 is same as steps 1- 7 of Fig. 2. However, following are differences a) Buckets (2) are replaced by low density metal balls (2). b) With respect to step 5, there is no pushing pulley in Fig. 4 and instead a rotating diverter (17) to divert the lower density balls in different horizontal direction. c)

The pulley in Fig. 4 follows sprockets (3,4) mechanism instead of rim pulley (3) in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The low density balls (2) in Fig. 4 drive the sprockets (3, 4) by free fall.

Claims

I/WE CLAIM:

1.A plant for generation of electricity by losing energy in one part of cycle, comprising of plurality of buckets (2) each having a hollow enclosed chamber and an open recess making stack on rim pulleys (3), said plant performing the steps of: passing the buckets (2) through pulleys (3) by revolving it and connected generator (13) by their weights, said plant comprises a stack of mercury loaded (figure-1) or metal ball loaded buckets (figure-2,3,4) on lower end of J-shaped water column (1) having entry valve positioned bottom opening (5), and said method characterized by: passing loaded buckets (2) in water column (1) through this valve positioned bottom opening (5), striking the loaded buckets (2) on a pushing pulley , (figure -5) below lower end in water, said pushing pulley pushing every coming loaded buckets (2) in desired horizontal direction B or C from a position A, said loaded buckets (2) emptying after static in water and float multiple horizontally-parallel with given speed within the column (1), wherein the water column (1) has length of about 1000 meter, width of minimum 20 meters and height of about 100 meters; wherein the plant further comprises: a mechanical hand (6) on top of water column (1) and a channel (7) to carry and forward empty floating buckets from water column (1) to a vertical frame (4), and a mercury system having mercury pump (9) to lift mercury or metal ball for loading into buckets (2), and

, moving cylinders in the water column (1) in wall of water holding metal balls for emptying metal balls outside the water column (1) (figure-3 )wherein rotation of generator (13) is caused by motion by vertical weight of buckets (2) in air acting on rim pulley (3), wherein the rim pulley (3) is below the vertical frame (4).

2. The plant for generation of electricity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the entry valve of the opening (5) of the water column (1) has an angular hard rubber ring to ensure entry of buckets in water without leakage.

3. The plant for generation of electricity as claimed in claim 1, said mercury pump (9) is capable of continuously filling the said downward moving buckets (2) with mercury.

4. The plant for generation of electricity as claimed in claim 1, said metal ball is made of mixture of given elements like lead, steel and tungsten scrap mixture.

5. The plant for generation of electricity as claimed in claim 1, said cylinder (Fig. 3) holding metal balls moves as piston, crosses wall of water column (1), empties balls in air outside wall, and balances with a forward directed balls lifting channel (Fig. 3), wherein a closed space creator (Fig. 3) is used to create space for cylinder return, and a balls collector (Fig. 3) takes balls from ball-lifting channel.

6. The plant for generation of electricity as claimed in claim 1, said mixture of low- and high density balls used to gain very high speed of system and high generation.

7. The plant for generation of electricity as claimed in claim 1, said mechanical hand (6) carries and forwards floated material to the channel (7).