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WO2024260501A1 - Générateur d'image hybride ayant un projecteur de lumière incidente ou de contre-jour et une matrice lc pour un hud d'un véhicule - Google Patents

Générateur d'image hybride ayant un projecteur de lumière incidente ou de contre-jour et une matrice lc pour un hud d'un véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024260501A1
WO2024260501A1 PCT/DE2024/100502 DE2024100502W WO2024260501A1 WO 2024260501 A1 WO2024260501 A1 WO 2024260501A1 DE 2024100502 W DE2024100502 W DE 2024100502W WO 2024260501 A1 WO2024260501 A1 WO 2024260501A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
projection screen
light beam
projector
light
designed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/DE2024/100502
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Arthur Janzer
Jasper Stern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority to CN202480017991.6A priority Critical patent/CN120883114A/zh
Publication of WO2024260501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024260501A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projection unit for field of view display devices that can be used in motor vehicles or other land, air or water vehicles and are also known as head-up displays (HUD). They are used to generate a virtual image that is superimposed in the field of view of their users via reflection on a reflection screen, such as a front, rear or side window of the vehicle or a combiner screen provided specifically for this purpose that is arranged in the field of view of the users.
  • HUD head-up displays
  • the invention also relates to an associated operating method and to the field of view display device and to a vehicle equipped with it.
  • a head-up display for example, speed information and other useful navigation, warning and vehicle operating instructions or even entertainment content in the form of a virtual image are superimposed on the real image of the surroundings in front of the vehicle observed by the driver and/or another passenger.
  • One of the known ways of creating a panoramic virtual display is a simplified HUD design in which an imager is positioned directly opposite the windshield in the area around the base of the windshield without any additional projection optics such as a mirror etc. The real image generated by the imager is thus reflected directly on the windshield and thus reaches the viewers, such as the driver and/or front passenger.
  • EP 2 594 987 A2 proposes a HUD system for a motor vehicle with a projector-based imager.
  • the system comprises a standard vehicle window (i.e. without special coatings), an optical image projector and an instrument panel equipped with a reflective facet surface.
  • the projector is designed to project an image onto the reflective facet surface. This is designed to project the projector image onto a surface of the standard vehicle window that is oriented such that it reflects the image from the reflective facet surface towards an occupant.
  • the reflective facet surface can be arranged within a plurality of troughs that are separated from one another by a plurality of diffusely reflecting partitions. The plurality of troughs can be designed to shield the occupant from external reflections.
  • the reflective facet surface may in particular comprise a plurality of electrically controllable facets formed as an array of electrowetting cells.
  • the contrast is reduced by two sources of interference light: firstly, unavoidable scattered light from the projector itself, and secondly, ambient light. While the negative effect of ambient light can be somewhat reduced by appropriately designing the projection screen (also called a canvas or screen) by limiting its acceptance angle, this is not possible with scattered light from the projector, as this inevitably falls within the acceptance angle of the screen. In other words, there is a contrast problem here in that black content in the image created by the projector does not appear black because scattered light from the projector and ambient light reach the viewer's eye via the projection screen.
  • the current contrast requirements for projector-based imagers for head-up displays in vehicles reach contrast values of up to 10000:1, depending on the type of display.
  • the contrasts currently achievable with projectors are in the range (1000-1500):1 .
  • Projectors therefore cannot meet the contrast requirements for a HUD even with a perfect screen (perfect in the sense that only projector light is directed to the viewer).
  • a projection unit for a field of view display device, which can be designed in particular for use in a vehicle.
  • the vehicle can be a motor vehicle, but also any other land, air or water vehicle.
  • the field of view display device can be designed, for example, as a head-up display (HUD).
  • HUD head-up display
  • the projection unit is designed to output a light beam during operation of the field of view display device and to suitable shape and direction onto a reflection disk arranged in the field of vision of at least one user, from which it is reflected to his eyes (or his eyebox), thereby displaying a virtual image floating beyond the reflection disk.
  • the eyebox of the field of vision display device is understood to be an area of space from which the virtual image is fully visible to the user.
  • the reflection disk can in particular be designed as a section of a windshield or another vehicle window, or it can be a combiner disk specially provided for this purpose, which can be reflective on the user side and at least partially transparent on the back. It is arranged outside the projection unit when the field of vision display device is in operation, so that the projection unit can also be manufactured and sold separately from the reflection disk.
  • the projection unit comprises a projector-based imager with a projector designed to generate a light beam with the desired display content and a projection screen illuminated by the projector (also called a screen).
  • the projector is designed to generate a real image on the projection screen.
  • the projection screen is designed to project the resulting light beam in a predetermined shape and direction onto the reflection disc in order to present the user with a virtual image as desired beyond the reflection disc.
  • the projection unit also includes a polarization filter-based contrast pixel matrix that is arranged in the beam path of the light beam emanating from the projection screen and covers its entire beam cross-section that contributes to image generation.
  • the individual contrast pixels of this matrix can be switched independently of one another and synchronously with the real image generated on the projection screen between a light-blocking state for those image areas that are to be displayed in black and a light-transmitting state for all other image areas.
  • One idea behind this projection unit is to improve the lack of contrast in a projector-based imager by using a locally switchable, light-absorbing module based on polarization filters (called a contrast pixel matrix), which is mounted on the output side in front of the projection screen.
  • This projection unit is therefore also suitable for virtual image display in a transparent area of the windscreen that is above the so-called black print area, which extends along the base of the windscreen and is typically printed or tinted in black or dark.
  • black print area which extends along the base of the windscreen and is typically printed or tinted in black or dark.
  • the contrast pixel matrix is arranged directly on the projection screen in the beam path of the light beam emanating from the projection screen.
  • Each contrast pixel with its linear dimensions extends over several, ideally about two to three, image pixels of the real image that can be generated on the projection screen.
  • each contrast pixel with its area extends over several, ideally about five to ten, image pixels of the real image that can be generated on the projection screen.
  • the respective contrast pixel can, for example, always be switched to light transmission during operation when there is at least one non-black image pixel within its area.
  • the projection screen can be designed to reflect the light beam emanating from the projector in the direction of the reflection disk.
  • the projection screen is illuminated by reflection from the projector and the contrast pixel matrix is arranged in the beam path of the light beam reflected from the projection screen, for example directly on the projection screen.
  • the projection screen can also be illuminated by the projector in transmission.
  • the contrast pixel matrix is arranged in the beam path of the light beam transmitted by the projection screen, again for example directly on the projection screen.
  • the polarization filter-based contrast pixel matrix comprises the following layers: a first linear polarization filter on a matrix surface facing the projection screen and/or a second linear polarization filter on a matrix surface facing away from the projection screen; and a two-dimensional polarization rotation matrix, the matrix elements of which form the contrast pixels in interaction with the first and/or the second linear polarization filter and can be switched between a polarization-rotating state and a non-polarization-rotating state.
  • Each matrix element is designed, for example, to rotate a predetermined linear polarization direction of the light by a predetermined angle of, for example, up to 90° in its polarization-rotating state.
  • the choice of the predetermined angle depends on the specific optical structure of the imager and the polarization filter, as the following examples show, for example in order to achieve the best possible contrast effect in each case.
  • the double-sided polarization filter arrangement can lead to an excellent contrast result even with projectors that emit unpolarized light.
  • the first linear polarization filter and the second linear polarization filter can, for example, be designed to pass the same polarization direction and the matrix elements can be switched to their polarization-rotating state to rotate the polarization direction by 90° in the area of black image pixels.
  • the matrix elements can be switched to their polarization-rotating state to rotate the polarization direction by a predetermined angle in the area of non-black image pixels and the pass direction of the first polarization filter and the second polarization filter can differ by exactly this angle, etc. etc.
  • the imager is designed as a front-light projector for generating the light beam with a predetermined linear polarization
  • the projection screen is designed for a polarization-maintaining reflection of this light beam.
  • the contrast pixel matrix has only the first linear polarization filter, i.e. the one facing the projection screen, whose transmission direction coincides with the polarization direction of the light beam or is rotated by the predetermined angle of the polarization rotation matrix of, for example, approximately 90°.
  • the contrast pixel matrix has only the second linear polarization filter, i.e. the one facing away from the projection screen, whose transmission direction coincides with the polarization direction of the light beam, and the predetermined angle of the polarization rotation matrix is about 45°. This allows not only the scattered light from the projector, but also the ambient light to be specifically reduced or even completely eliminated.
  • various suitable layer constructions of the contrast pixel matrix also result for a backlight projector, such as only with a linear polarization filter facing away from the projection screen, the transmission direction of which is the same as the polarization direction of the light beam or is rotated by the predetermined angle of the polarization rotation matrix of, for example, about 90°.
  • the polarization rotation matrix must be controlled accordingly during operation.
  • the polarization rotation matrix can be designed in a known manner, in particular on a liquid crystal basis (LC), i.e. as an LC matrix.
  • LC liquid crystal basis
  • the projection screen In order for the projection screen to reflect light in a polarization-preserving manner, it can be designed, for example, metallically, in particular by a metallic coating on its upper or intermediate surface intended for image generation.
  • the projection screen has a mirror surface that is made up of a large number of facets to form a facet grid with a sawtooth profile.
  • Each facet has a mirror segment for directing the light beam into an eyebox predetermined for the user's eyes.
  • Such directed eyebox illumination can further significantly increase the energy efficiency of the field of view display device with the projector-based imager.
  • the respective mirror segment can in particular be designed to be planar. Alternatively, a curved, for example concave, design can be effective.
  • the sawtooth profile can arise, among other things, because the mirror segments of the facets can have different angles depending on their position on the facet grid or mirror array.
  • the surfaces of the individual facets or their mirror segments can in particular be below a size that can be resolved with the human eye, so that the facet grid is not recognizable to the user in the virtual image.
  • Their linear dimensions can in particular be larger than the largest wavelength of the projector light used and for example, in the micrometer range.
  • the surfaces of the individual facets/mirror segments can also have varying sizes and/or shapes.
  • a method for operating the projection unit or field of view display device presented here is provided.
  • the projector is controlled to generate a light beam with the desired display content and a corresponding real image on the projection screen.
  • the individual contrast pixels of the contrast pixel matrix are switched to their light-blocking state in the image areas to be displayed in black and to their light-transmitting state in the remaining image areas.
  • the control of the contrast pixels can be carried out using very simple algorithms, which, for example, essentially comprise downsampling the high-resolution projector image generated on the projection screen to the possibly lower resolution of the contrast pixel matrix and subsequent binarization (black/white).
  • a field of view display device which can be designed in particular for use (ie installation) in a vehicle.
  • the field of view display device also comprises a control unit which is designed and set up to automatically carry out the above method. It also comprises the above-mentioned reflection disk.
  • the reflection disk can be arranged directly opposite the contrast pixel matrix and the projection screen behind and/or below it, with the exception of any covers of the projection unit (for example in the form of a cover disk which lets the light beam pass through) which have no beam-forming, deflecting or imaging optical effect on the light beam.
  • the field of view display device in this specific embodiment does not comprise any further optical elements such as deflection or concave mirrors or lenses etc. in the beam path of the light beam between the contrast element and the reflection disk.
  • Any coatings of the projection screen, the contrast element or the reflection disk with optical functionality are still possible.
  • a projection unit that is particularly compact in the vertical direction can be implemented, which is therefore particularly well suited for a large-scale virtual display such as a panoramic display.
  • the above-mentioned vehicle is provided.
  • the spatial orientation terms used herein such as “above”, “below”, “behind”, “side”, “horizontal”, “vertical” etc. refer in this case to the usual vehicle-fixed Cartesian coordinate system with mutually perpendicular longitudinal, transverse and vertical axes of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle has, for example, at least one vehicle window, such as a windshield with an instrument panel extending underneath, and an occupant space partially delimited thereby.
  • the projection unit of which can, for example, be installed directly in or below an upper side of the instrument panel, so that the light beam is projected from the projection unit onto the windshield or a combiner disk arranged directly in the field of view of the driver and/or another occupant, which serves as the above-mentioned reflection disk of the field of view display device.
  • the field of vision display device can also be integrated at any other suitable installation location in the vehicle, whereby other vehicle windows or combiner windows arranged at other locations in the passenger compartment can also serve as reflection windows.
  • the windscreen can be limited to the left and right in the transverse direction of the vehicle by an A-pillar of the vehicle and the projection unit and its projection screen can be arranged in or under the upper side of the instrument panel in such a way that the windscreen can be used as a reflection screen. This makes it possible to create a panoramic virtual display for the driver and/or front passenger.
  • Figure 1 shows a detail of a vehicle with a field of view display device according to an embodiment of the invention in a vertical longitudinal section;
  • Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a design variant of a projection unit of the field of view display device of Figure 1, with a schematic representation of the beam paths of the ambient light as well as the useful and scattered light from the projector;
  • Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a further embodiment of the projection unit of Fig. 1 with a schematic representation of the beam paths of the ambient light and the useful and scattered light from the projector.
  • FIG. 1 shows a highly simplified vertical longitudinal sectional view of a section of a vehicle 1 with a field of view display device 2 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the spatial orientation terms used below refer to the usual vehicle-fixed Cartesian coordinate system with mutually perpendicular longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions of the vehicle 1.
  • the vehicle 1 is a motor vehicle, which is only indicated in Fig. 1 by its windshield 3, which serves as the reflection disk of the field of view display device 2 mentioned above.
  • a projection unit 5 of the field of view display device 2 is arranged.
  • the field of view display device 2 is designed to generate a virtual image V in the field of view of at least one user, who is indicated in Fig. 1 only by a spatial area (eyebox) E in the passenger compartment of the vehicle 1 intended for his eyes.
  • the at least one user can be, for example, a driver and/or passenger of the vehicle 1.
  • the field of view display device 2 can in particular be designed for a panoramic virtual representation in that the windshield 3 with its almost entire extension in the transverse direction of the vehicle serves as a reflection disk of the field of view display device 2. This is purely an example of a head-up display (HUD).
  • HUD head-up display
  • the projection unit 5 contains a projector-based imager.
  • This comprises a projector 6, which is designed to generate a light beam L with the desired display content, and a projection screen 7 illuminated by this (also called a screen).
  • the light beam L which is also called “projector light” here, is indicated in Fig. 1 by its edge rays, which limit the beam cross-section required for virtual image generation.
  • the projector 6 is designed to generate a real image on the projection screen 7 in reflection and therefore illuminates it obliquely from above.
  • the Projection screen 7 is designed to project the resulting, ie reflected, light beam L in a predetermined shape and direction onto the front screen 3 in order to show the user the virtual image V with desired display properties beyond the front screen 3.
  • the projection unit 5 comprises a polarization filter-based contrast pixel matrix 8, which in this example is arranged directly on the projection screen 7 and extends over the entire beam cross-section of the light beam L required for virtual image generation.
  • a polarization filter-based contrast pixel matrix 8 which in this example is arranged directly on the projection screen 7 and extends over the entire beam cross-section of the light beam L required for virtual image generation.
  • Fig. 2 and 3 each show, in a vertical longitudinal sectional view, two different design variants of the projection unit 5 of Fig. 1.
  • the contrast of the real image generated on the projection screen 7 by useful light NS of the projector 6 is reduced by two sources of stray light: firstly by scattered light LS from the projector 6 itself and secondly by ambient light 12 from ambient light sources 11, such as the sun or artificial lighting in and outside the vehicle 1.
  • Fig. 2 and 3 show two different examples of the optical layer structure of the polarization filter-based contrast pixel matrix 8, which can be controlled to partially (indicated as thinned beam lines) or even completely (indicated as crossed-out beam lines) suppress the scattered light LS and the ambient light 12 in order to improve the contrast.
  • the corresponding beam path of the useful light NS, scattered light LS and ambient light 12 is only indicated schematically.
  • Fig. 2 shows a polarization filter-based contrast pixel matrix 8 with only one linear polarization filter 10, which is positioned on the projection screen side, and a polarization rotation matrix 9 made of switchable LC elements, which Polarization direction of incident linearly polarized light can be rotated by a predetermined angle of up to 90°.
  • the transmission direction of the polarization filter 10 is selected so that it is either parallel or perpendicular to the polarization direction of the projector light L.
  • By rotating the polarization axis and selectively controlling the LC elements one can now select in which areas (LC elements 9a switched to block light) the light should be absorbed in the polarization filter 10 and where (LC elements 9b switched to transmit light) the light can pass through the polarization filter 10.
  • the prerequisite for the best possible contrast improvement in this design is of course that the projector 6 emits linearly polarized light so that useful light NS can pass through the contrast pixel matrix 8 with as little attenuation as possible.
  • the LC elements are switched in accordance with the display content (transmission where image content is displayed, absorption where there is no image content), a significant improvement in contrast is achieved.
  • half an LC display (which lacks the second polarization filter 20, see Fig. 3) is placed on the projection screen 7, the only function of which is to absorb the scattered light LS from the projector 6 in image areas without a display.
  • the LC matrix has no color filters, but only white pixels.
  • the pixel size of the LC matrix or contrast pixel size is, in the best case (for contrast), exactly the same size as the image pixels displayed on the projection screen 7 by the projector 6.
  • this embodiment also allows the unpolarized ambient light 12 and the resulting deterioration in contrast to be reduced by a factor of approximately 2.
  • a single linear polarization filter 20 can be applied to the LC matrix on the projector side (not shown), ie as Fig. 3, but without a polarization filter 10 on the projection screen side.
  • the polarization filter 20 is aligned so that it transmits the polarization direction of the projector light L.
  • switchable LC elements that are designed to rotate the polarization direction by 45°, not only the scattered light LS from the projector 6 but also the ambient light 12 can be specifically reduced or completely eliminated.
  • this structure is also suitable for rear light projection if the LC elements are designed to rotate the polarization direction by 90°.
  • the further variant of the polarization filter-based contrast pixel matrix 8 shown in Fig. 3 functions analogously to Fig. 2, but with the difference that here a complete LC display with linear polarization filters 10 and 20 on both sides of the LC matrix 9 is used.
  • This embodiment has the advantage over the variant in Fig. 2 that it also works with projectors 6 that emit unpolarized light.
  • the projector-side polarization filter 20 must again be aligned parallel to the polarization direction of the incident projector light L.
  • This variant is also suitable for a front-light projector (not shown).
  • the contrast improvement can be adjusted by selecting the strength of the polarization filters 10 and 20. Even relatively weak polarization filters 10 and 20 bring a significant increase: for example, polarization filters 10 and 20 with 10% transmission in the crossed state would lead to an improvement in contrast by a factor of 10, which would be enough to meet the HUD contrast requirements mentioned at the beginning. list of reference symbols

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité de projection pour un dispositif d'affichage de champ de vision permettant de superposer une image virtuelle par réflexion sur une vitre réfléchissante, en particulier un pare-brise de véhicule, placée dans le champ de vision d'un utilisateur, comprenant : - un générateur d'image de type projecteur doté d'un projecteur pour générer un faisceau lumineux contenant le contenu d'affichage souhaité et d'un écran de projection éclairé par ledit faisceau lumineux, le projecteur étant conçu pour générer une image réelle sur l'écran de projection et l'écran de projection étant conçu pour projeter le faisceau lumineux ainsi obtenu sur la vitre réfléchissante ; et - une matrice de pixels de contraste basée sur un filtre de polarisation placée dans le trajet de faisceau du faisceau lumineux provenant de l'écran de projection, dont les pixels de contraste peuvent être commutés, de manière synchrone avec l'image réelle générée, entre un état de blocage de lumière pour des régions d'image à afficher en noir et un état de transmission de lumière pour les régions d'image restantes.
PCT/DE2024/100502 2023-06-19 2024-06-04 Générateur d'image hybride ayant un projecteur de lumière incidente ou de contre-jour et une matrice lc pour un hud d'un véhicule Pending WO2024260501A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202480017991.6A CN120883114A (zh) 2023-06-19 2024-06-04 用于交通工具用hup的具有入射光或背光投射器和lc矩阵的混合成像器

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102023115948.8 2023-06-19
DE102023115948.8A DE102023115948A1 (de) 2023-06-19 2023-06-19 Hybrider Bildgeber mit einem Auflicht- oder Rücklicht-Projektor und einer LC-Matrix für ein HUD für ein Fahrzeug

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WO2024260501A1 true WO2024260501A1 (fr) 2024-12-26

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2594987A2 (fr) 2011-11-16 2013-05-22 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Système d'affichage tête haute utilisant des réflexions contrôlées provenant d'une surface de tableau de bord
WO2014023658A2 (fr) * 2012-08-04 2014-02-13 Johnson Controls Gmbh Affichage tête haute
DE102019219100B3 (de) * 2019-12-06 2021-03-25 Continental Automotive Gmbh Head-Up-Display sowie Verfahren zum Ansteuern eines Head-Up-Displays mit Polarisationsanpassung

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4839672B2 (ja) * 2005-02-03 2011-12-21 株式会社ニコン 表示装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2594987A2 (fr) 2011-11-16 2013-05-22 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Système d'affichage tête haute utilisant des réflexions contrôlées provenant d'une surface de tableau de bord
WO2014023658A2 (fr) * 2012-08-04 2014-02-13 Johnson Controls Gmbh Affichage tête haute
DE102019219100B3 (de) * 2019-12-06 2021-03-25 Continental Automotive Gmbh Head-Up-Display sowie Verfahren zum Ansteuern eines Head-Up-Displays mit Polarisationsanpassung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ZOU JUNYU ET AL: "High dynamic range head-up displays", OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 28, no. 16, 31 July 2020 (2020-07-31), US, pages 24298, XP093193656, ISSN: 1094-4087, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://opg.optica.org/directpdfaccess/55cb61bb-6d4c-44a4-83974630570fcc11_434014/oe-28-16-24298.pdf?da=1&id=434014&seq=0&mobile=no> DOI: 10.1364/OE.400154 *

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CN120883114A (zh) 2025-10-31

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