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WO2024260204A1 - 一种微液滴产生装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种微液滴产生装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024260204A1
WO2024260204A1 PCT/CN2024/094607 CN2024094607W WO2024260204A1 WO 2024260204 A1 WO2024260204 A1 WO 2024260204A1 CN 2024094607 W CN2024094607 W CN 2024094607W WO 2024260204 A1 WO2024260204 A1 WO 2024260204A1
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Prior art keywords
cavity structure
dimensional periodic
spheres
dimensional
periodic cavity
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖晨宏
杜宗翰
赵子元
周正三
杨适弘
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Tantti Laboratory Inc
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Tantti Laboratory Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microdroplet generation technology, in particular to a device capable of shearing a fluid into microdroplets of uniform size and dispersing the microdroplets in another immiscible fluid, and also to further solidifying the generated microdroplets into microspheres.
  • the technology and the microdroplets produced by the technology, or the microparticles generated by the microdroplets after solidification, have wide applications in various technical fields.
  • FIG. 1A a device for generating micro-droplets is known, as shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.
  • a first-phase fluid 90 enters a cavity 91, and one side of the cavity 91 has at least one nozzle 92, and at least one brake 93 is arranged inside the cavity.
  • the brake 93 can be a heater, which vaporizes part of the fluid by the high temperature generated by instantaneous heating to form a second-phase pulse bubble 94 (FIG. 1B).
  • the second-phase bubble blocks the fluid from entering the right side of the cavity 91 (located below the nozzle), and exerts a strong shear pressure on the first-phase fluid 90 below the nozzle.
  • the shear pressure squeezes the fluid 90 out of the nozzle 92.
  • droplets can be ejected through this process. Repeating the two steps in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B (turning off the brake fluid entry and starting the brake to generate pulse bubbles) can continuously generate droplets.
  • the known technology has the following disadvantages: complex structure, complex brake design, and the need to include related circuits and systems to control the brake.
  • the system is complex and expensive.
  • this method is energy-consuming and expensive, and is simply not feasible.
  • high-temperature brakes are not suitable for all fluids, and the characteristics of the droplets generated may be different from those of the original fluid.
  • the present invention aims to solve the above problems, thereby providing a column device for generating microdroplets, the device having at least one input end and at least one output end, allowing a dispersed system consisting of a continuous phase and a dispersed phase to be fed in through the at least one input end and then discharged through the at least one output end.
  • a three-dimensional periodic cavity structure is arranged in the column device, which can be a three-dimensional ordered microstructure formed by stacking a plurality of monodisperse spheres, wherein the gaps between the spheres constitute a narrow flow channel allowing the dispersed system to pass through, or an inverse structure of the three-dimensional ordered microstructure, wherein a plurality of orderly arranged spherical cavities form a three-dimensional ordered porous microstructure, and the connecting holes between these spherical cavities constitute a narrow flow channel allowing the dispersed system to pass through.
  • the inventors have found that when the dispersion system is fed into the column device of the present invention from the at least one input end, the continuous phase fluid and the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure in the column device of the present invention will interact with each other, and a complex vortex effect will be generated at the narrow flow channel, so that the dispersed phase is gradually miniaturized from the original giant droplet bubble under the shear stress of the continuous phase fluid, and further sheared into micro droplets. These micro droplets can be separated from the continuous phase fluid after further solidification and used separately.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention provides a column device for generating micro-droplets, comprising:
  • a hollow tube having at least one input end and at least one output end opposite to the at least one input end;
  • a three-dimensional periodic cavity structure is arranged in the hollow tube, which is selected from a group consisting of a three-dimensional ordered microstructure formed by stacking a plurality of spheres and an inverse structure of the three-dimensional ordered microstructure, so as to allow a dispersed system to be fed from at least one input end, pass through the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure, and then be discharged from at least one output end, and the dispersed system includes a continuous phase and a dispersed phase that is immiscible with the continuous phase.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for generating micro-droplets using a column device, wherein the column device comprises:
  • a hollow tube having at least one input end and at least one output end opposite to the at least one input end;
  • a three-dimensional periodic cavity structure is disposed in the hollow tube, and is selected from the group consisting of a three-dimensional ordered microstructure formed by stacking a plurality of spheres and an inverse structure of the three-dimensional ordered microstructure, so as to allow a dispersed system to be fed from the at least one input end, pass through the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure, and then be discharged from the at least one output end, wherein the dispersed system comprises a continuous phase and a dispersed phase immiscible with the continuous phase;
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams showing a conventional micro-droplet generating device and its actuation method
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a pipe column device according to a specific example of the present invention.
  • FIG3A is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional periodic cavity structure according to a specific example of the present invention, showing that it is a three-dimensional ordered microstructure formed by stacking a plurality of spheres;
  • FIG3B is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional periodic cavity structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, showing that it is a three-dimensional ordered porous microstructure;
  • FIG4 is a flow chart of the column device of the present invention for producing micro-droplets
  • Figure 5 shows the relationship between flow rate and particle size of dispersed phase droplets in a column device of a specific example of the present invention under different filling sphere diameters and filling lengths
  • Figure 6 shows the relationship between flow rate and dispersibility of particle size of dispersed phase droplets in a column device of a specific example of the present invention under different filling sphere diameters and filling lengths.
  • Second phase fluid 94 Second phase fluid 94 .
  • FIG2 is a column device 10 of a specific example of the present invention, which comprises a hollow tube 12, having at least one input end 14, and at least one output end 16 relative to the at least one input end 14.
  • the hollow tube 12 is made of a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, titanium, quartz, glass and hard plastics such as polypropylene, and is made into a cylindrical, rectangular or polygonal tube, and a three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 is arranged in the hollow tube 12.
  • the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 can be a three-dimensional ordered microstructure formed by stacking a plurality of spheres 20, as shown in FIG3A.
  • the three-dimensional ordered microstructure refers to a microstructure obtained by arranging the spheres 20 in a three-dimensional orderly manner.
  • the term "ordered" herein means that the distance between the spheres 20 presents a regular periodicity, and preferably the distance between the spheres 20 is approximately equal.
  • the spheres 20 constituting this microstructure usually have a uniform particle size, shape, chemical composition, internal structure or surface property, so as to facilitate the arrangement of the spheres 20 into a regular structure similar to a lattice.
  • the spheres 20 have monodispersity, which means that the spheres 20 have a narrow size distribution and their particle sizes have a high degree of uniformity.
  • the sphere 20 can be made of any inert material that does not produce substantial physical and chemical reactions with the dispersed system.
  • suitable materials include metal materials, as well as non-metallic materials such as polymer materials and inorganic materials.
  • metal materials include, but are not limited to, gold, silver, copper, platinum, aluminum, zinc, cerium, thallium, barium, yttrium, zirconium, tin, titanium, tungsten, cadmium and iron, and alloys thereof, such as stainless steel.
  • the polymer material is preferably a thermoplastic polymer material, and examples of the polymer material include, but are not limited to, polymer homopolymers, such as polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA), polymethyl acrylate, polyethyl acrylate (PEA), polybutyl acrylate (PBA), polybenzyl methacrylate, poly- ⁇ -methylstyrene, polyphenyl methacrylate, polydiphenyl methacrylate and polycyclohexane methacrylate; and polymer copolymers, such as styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymers and styrene-butyl acrylate copolymers.
  • polymer homopolymers such as polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacryl
  • inorganic materials include, but are not limited to, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, tin oxide, thallium oxide, barium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, silicon oxide, as well as ceramics, glass, quartz, and the like.
  • the characteristics and arrangement of the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure described in the present invention can include various stacking methods.
  • the spheres 20 are monodisperse
  • they when the spheres 20 are filled in the hollow tube 12, they will tend to be stacked in the form of the densest packing to form a three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18, that is, adjacent microspheres are tangent to each other, and the centers of any three microspheres that are tangent to each other form an equilateral triangle, and the coordination number of each microsphere is 12, and a plurality of approximately triangular voids are left between the microspheres.
  • the spheres 20 in the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 are arranged in the form of the densest packing, that is, at least 50% of the spheres 20 in the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18, more preferably at least 60% of the spheres 20, for example at least 70% of the spheres 20, are arranged in the form of the densest packing.
  • the closest packing includes but is not limited to three-dimensional hexagonal closest packing (hcp), three-dimensional face-centered cubic packing (fcc), three-dimensional body-centered cubic packing (bcc) and combinations thereof.
  • the sphere 20 cannot reach an absolutely single size, and its configuration is not necessarily limited to a true circular sphere, and can also be, for example, an ellipsoidal sphere. Therefore, the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 formed by the stacking of spheres 20 has a periodicity that is a macroscopic and statistically large number distribution concept, and its structure inevitably has crystal-like defects, such as vacancies, dislocations, and stacking, but these defects will not affect the core idea of the present invention and the desired technical effect.
  • the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 composed of a plurality of spheres 20, its hole system is mainly composed of the gaps 22 between the spheres 20, thereby defining a narrow flow channel for shearing the dispersed system.
  • the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 can be the inverse structure of the above-mentioned three-dimensional ordered microstructure, which is a three-dimensional ordered porous microstructure in structure.
  • the three-dimensional ordered porous microstructure has a plurality of orderly arranged spherical cavities 24, and a plurality of connecting holes 26 connecting the spherical cavities 24.
  • the term "ordered" here means that the distance between the spherical cavities 24 presents a regular periodicity, and preferably the distance between the spherical cavities 24 is approximately equal.
  • the pore system of the three-dimensional ordered porous microstructure is composed of spherical cavities 24 and connecting holes 26.
  • these connecting holes 26 constitute a narrow flow channel for shearing the dispersed system.
  • at least a portion of the spherical cavities 24 in the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 are arranged in the form of the closest packing, that is, at least 50% of the spherical cavities 24 in the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18, more preferably at least 60% of the spherical cavities 24, for example at least 75% of the spherical cavities 24, are arranged in the form of the closest packing.
  • the closest packing includes but is not limited to three-dimensional hexagonal closest packing (hcp), three-dimensional face-centered cubic packing (fcc), three-dimensional body-centered cubic packing (bcc) and combinations thereof.
  • the spherical cavity 24 cannot reach an absolutely single size, and its configuration is not necessarily limited to a true circular cavity, and can also be, for example, an elliptical cavity. Therefore, the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 composed of the spherical cavity 24 and the connecting hole 26 has a periodicity that is a macroscopic and statistically large number distribution concept. It is inevitable that there are crystal-like defects in its structure, such as vacancies, dislocations, and stacking, but these defects will not affect the core idea of the present invention and the technical effect that is desired to be achieved.
  • the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional ordered porous microstructure may include the following steps: firstly, a plurality of spheres 20 are stacked to form the aforementioned three-dimensional ordered microstructure, then, using the three-dimensional ordered microstructure as a template, an inverse structure material is infiltrated into the gaps of the template to form an inverse structure, and finally, the template is removed by calcination and extraction, thereby generating a three-dimensional ordered porous microstructure.
  • the inverse structure material includes, but is not limited to: metals, such as gold, silver, copper, nickel, platinum, nickel-tungsten alloy, etc.; oxides, such as zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, cuprous oxide, etc.; and polymer materials, such as polystyrene, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, acrylamides, polypyrrole, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, silica gel, etc.
  • the filling method of the inverse structure material may be centrifugation, vacuum extraction, pressurized extrusion, sputtering, electroplating, chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, etc.
  • the monomer or precursor constituting the polymer material may be first filled into the gaps, and then cured and shaped.
  • the term "disperse system” used in the present invention means a system consisting of a continuous phase and a dispersed phase that is immiscible with the continuous phase.
  • the "continuous phase” referred to herein refers to a phase composed of the same substance and connected to each other, in which some mutually isolated heterogeneous substances can be accommodated.
  • the "dispersed phase” is a phase composed of mutually isolated substances dispersed in the aforementioned continuous phase, and each isolation unit in the dispersed phase is surrounded by the continuous phase.
  • the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are immiscible fluids (which can be liquids and gases), and the dispersed system is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion or an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the continuous phase is an aqueous liquid or an oily liquid
  • the dispersed phase is a gas.
  • each isolation unit in the dispersed phase can itself contain two immiscible phases, that is, these isolation units can themselves be water-in-oil emulsions or water-in-oil emulsions.
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart of a method for generating micro-droplets using a column device of the present invention, the method comprising step A: feeding the dispersion system into the column device via an input end; step B: passing the dispersion system through a three-dimensional periodic cavity structure within the column device to shear one or more macro-bubbles in the dispersion system into micro-droplets; and step C: discharging the continuous phase and the micro-droplets from the column device via an output end.
  • the dispersion system 30 includes a continuous phase 32 and a dispersed phase 34 that is immiscible with the continuous phase 32, and the dispersed phase 34 is composed of one or more isolation units dispersed in the continuous phase 32. Due to the effect of surface tension, these isolation units are dispersed in the continuous phase 32 in the form of giant droplets 36.
  • the dispersion system 30 can be fed into the column device 10 via the input end 14. As mentioned above, a three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 is provided in the column device. When the dispersion system 30 enters the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 and flows inside it, the continuous phase 32 fluid will apply shear stress (shear force) to the giant droplet bubble 36 during the flow.
  • the giant droplet bubble 36 will be sheared by the shear stress into a smaller size of micro droplets 38. Subsequently, the continuous phase 32 together with the micro droplets 38 are discharged from the column device 10 via the output end 16. It is worth noting that the geometrical dimensions of the micro-droplets 38 are influenced by the structural geometrical dimensions of the column device 10 as well as the fluid properties and the flow rate of the continuous phase 32. These parameters will be further discussed below.
  • Shear stress ( ⁇ ) is related to fluid viscosity ( ⁇ ) and shear rate ( ) is expressed as the following equation:
  • the shear rate ) and the fluid flow rate (flow rate, Q) in the column device 10 can be expressed by the following formula:
  • the giant droplets 36 in the dispersed phase 34 will be subjected to the shear stress ( ⁇ ) applied by the continuous phase 32 fluid, and the shear stress ( ⁇ ) is proportional to the flow rate (Q) of the dispersed system 30 .
  • the inventor further conducted actual tests, changing the size (ball diameter) of the silicon oxide spheres 20 in the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18, and allowing the dispersion system 30 to pass through the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 at different flow rates under the same tube diameter, thereby obtaining microdroplets 38 in the dispersed phase 34.
  • the microdroplets 38 were solidified and separated from the continuous phase 32, and the relationship between the particle size (D v50 ) of the microdroplets 38 generated after the dispersion system 30 was sheared by the column device 10 and the ball diameter and flow rate of the silicon oxide spheres 20 in the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 was observed.
  • the results are shown in FIG5 .
  • the dashed lines shown in FIG5 represent the relationship between the flow rate and the particle size (D v50 ) of the microdroplets 38 for column devices with different filling lengths under the condition of the same ball diameter (e.g., 273 ⁇ m, 385 ⁇ m, or 500 ⁇ m). It is found that the mathematical relationship satisfies the following formula (5):
  • D v50 is the median value of the particle size distribution of the solidified microdroplets 18 (in ⁇ m)
  • the flow rate is the speed at which the dispersion system 30 passes through the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18
  • A is the slope (in ⁇ m/ln (mL/min))
  • B is the intercept.
  • the column device of the present invention satisfies the above formula (5), wherein the slope A is between -10 and -30 ⁇ m/ln (mL/min), and more preferably the slope is between -12 and -25 ⁇ m/ln (mL/min), and the length of the column device filled with spheres 20, that is, the length of the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 along the flow direction of the dispersion system 30, is greater than or equal to 1 cm in one embodiment, greater than or equal to 2 cm in another embodiment, and greater than or equal to 3 cm in another embodiment.
  • the giant droplet emulsion is preferably a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion, water is the continuous phase described in Figures 2 and 4, and the oil-in-water emulsion is the giant droplet bubble described in Figures 2 and 4.
  • the giant droplet emulsion is fed into the column device of the present invention as the dispersion system referred to in the present invention, so that the giant droplet bubbles dispersed in the giant droplet emulsion are sheared into microdroplets by the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure in the column device. Finally, these microdroplets are solidified to obtain porous microspheres that can be used as a stationary medium for chromatography.
  • the particle size of the porous microspheres is less than 500 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 300 ⁇ m, or even less than 200 ⁇ m.
  • porous microspheres with a central particle size of about 50 ⁇ m are further made, and experimental data prove that the adsorption chromatography column filled with the porous microspheres has a very good convection transmission adsorption method.
  • the diameter of the filling spheres used must be less than 1.3 mm, and the length of the filled spheres must be greater than 1 cm.
  • the above application examples do not mean that the column device of the present invention is only suitable for implementing the above application. As long as it involves the mixing of at least two phases of fluid and at least one of the phases of fluid is to be made into tiny droplets, it can be accomplished by the column device of the present invention.
  • the micro droplets made by the column device of the present invention can be used as, for example, adsorption chromatography, microcarriers, biological scaffolds, and purification of various biological, medical and chemical preparations after solidification.
  • the inventor further filled spheres of different diameters (i.e., 253.5, 335, and 500 ⁇ m) in the column device of the present invention, and made the dispersion system 30 pass through the column device with different filling lengths at different flow rates (i.e., the length of the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 along the flow direction of the dispersion system 30), and then solidified the micro-droplets 38 flowing out of the column device into micro-spheres, which were separated from the continuous phase 32.
  • different diameters i.e., 253.5, 335, and 500 ⁇ m
  • Y is the dispersion degree of microspheres
  • X is the flow rate of the dispersion system (mL/min)
  • a is the slope
  • b is the intercept.
  • the solidified microspheres satisfy the above formula (6), and the slope a (unit: min/mL) is between 0.005 and 0.009 min/mL, and more preferably between 0.006 and 0.008 min/mL, and the length of the column device filled with spheres 20, that is, the length of the three-dimensional periodic cavity structure 18 along the flow direction of the dispersion system 30, is greater than or equal to 1 cm in one embodiment, greater than or equal to 2 cm in another embodiment, and greater than or equal to 3 cm in another embodiment.
  • the present invention is suitable for generating a large number of monodisperse microdroplets, and the size of the microdroplets can be adjusted by selecting the diameter of the spheres and the filling length in the column device.
  • a step of curing the microdroplets may be included after step C.
  • “Curing” as referred to herein means the process of converting the microdroplets into microspheres having a stable free-standing configuration.
  • the curing step may include subjecting the microdroplets to heat and/or light of a suitable wavelength, or further adding a promoter to allow the polymerizable monomers to undergo a polymerization reaction to form a polymer, thereby curing the microdroplets into a shape.
  • a separation step may be included after the above-mentioned solidification step to separate the solidified microspheres from the continuous phase fluid.
  • Applicable separation procedures may include all conventional solid-liquid separation procedures.
  • a filtration method may be used, such as filtering using a screen, a film, vacuum extraction, wet filtration or a sieve shaker, to separate the microspheres.
  • the separated microspheres may be washed several times with water (e.g., deionized water, pure water) and/or an alcohol solvent (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol) to remove the residual continuous phase fluid.
  • water e.g., deionized water, pure water
  • an alcohol solvent e.g., ethanol, isopropanol

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Abstract

一种用于产生微液滴的管柱装置,其包含一中空管体(12)和一被设置于该中空管体(12)内的三维周期性腔体结构(18)。该三维周期性腔体结构(18)是由复数个球体(20)堆积而成的三维有序微结构,或是该三维有序微结构的反结构。管柱装置(10)容许一包含有连续相(32)和分散相(34)的分散系统(30)馈入,该分散系统(30)在通过三维周期性腔体结构(18)时,分散相(34)在连续相(32)流体的剪应力作用下,其中的隔离单元从原先的巨滴液泡逐渐微小化,而被剪切成微液滴。这些微液滴在进一步固化后,在许多技术领域具有广泛用途。以及关于运用上述管柱装置(10)来产生微液滴的方法。

Description

一种微液滴产生装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及微液滴的生成技术,尤指一种能够将流体剪切成均一大小的微液滴并分散在另一不互溶的流体中的装置,本发明亦涉及将所产生的微液滴进一步固化成微球。该技术以及其产出的微液滴,或是微液滴经过固化后所生成的微粒,在各种技术领域具有广泛应用。
背景技术
现有技术中,已知一种用于生成微液滴的装置,如图1A和图1B所示。在图1A中,第一相流体90进入一个腔体91,该腔体91的一侧具有至少一个喷孔92,并在其内部设置至少一个制动器93。该制动器93可以是一个加热器,通过瞬间加热产生的高温将部分流体汽化,形成第二相脉冲气泡94(图1B)。由于第二相流体94(气泡)与第一相流体90互不相溶,因此第二相气泡会阻断流体进入腔体91的右侧(位于喷孔下方处),并在喷孔下方施加强大的剪切压力于第一相流体90。该剪切压力使流体90从喷孔92中挤出。通过剪切压力、流体和喷孔形状之间的相互作用机制(在喷嘴附近形成复杂的涡流效应),可以通过该过程喷发出液滴。重复执行图1A和图1B中的两个步骤(关掉制动器流体进入、启动制动器产生脉冲气泡),便可连续生成液滴。
然而,该已知技术存在以下缺点:结构复杂,制动器设计复杂,且需要包含控制制动器的相关电路和系统。系统复杂且成本昂贵。同时,若欲大量生成液滴,该方式耗能又昂贵,根本不可行。再者,高温制动器并不适用于所有流体,产生的液滴特性可能与原来的流体特性不同。这些缺点都需要加以克服和解决。因此,相关业界对于结构简单、方便操作且成本低廉的微液滴生产装置,仍然具有殷切的需求。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决上述问题,从而提供一种用于产生微液滴的管柱装置,该装置具有至少一个输入端和至少一个输出端,容许由一个连续相和一个分散相组成的分散系统(disperse system)经由该至少一个输入端馈入,再经由该至少一个输出端排出。在该管柱装置中设置了一种三维周期性腔体结构,其可以是由复数个单分散性球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构,其中球体之间的空隙构成了容许所述分散系统通过的狭窄流道,抑或是该三维有序微结构的反结构,其中复数个有序排列的球状腔体形成三维有序多孔微结构,而这些球状腔体之间的连通孔构成了容许所述分散系统通过的狭窄流道。发明人发现,当所述分散系统由该至少一个输入端馈入本发明管柱装置时,连续相流体与本发明管柱装置内的三维周期性腔体结构将会产生交互作用,在狭窄的流道口产生了复杂的涡流效应,使得分散相在连续相流体的剪应力作用下,从原先的巨滴液泡逐渐微小化,并进一步被剪切成微液滴。这些微液滴可以在进一步固化后与连续相流体分离,并单独使用。
因此,本发明第一实施例提供一种用于产生微液滴的管柱装置,其包含:
一中空管体,其具有至少一个输入端,以及相对于该至少一个输入端的至少一个输出端;以及
一个三维周期性腔体结构,设置于该中空管体内,其选自于由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构以及该三维有序微结构的反结构所组成的群组,以容许一分散系统由该至少一个输入端馈入,通过该三维周期性腔体结构后,再由该至少一个输出端排出,而该分散系统包含一连续相和一与该连续相不相混溶的分散相。
本发明第二实施例提供一种运用一管柱装置来产生微液滴的方法,其中该管柱装置包含:
一中空管体,其具有至少一个输入端,以及相对于该至少一个输入端的至少一个输出端;以及
一个三维周期性腔体结构,设置于该中空管体内,其选自于由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构以及该三维有序微结构的反结构所组成的群组,以容许一分散系统由该至少一个输入端馈入,通过该三维周期性腔体结构后,再由该至少一个输出端排出,而该分散系统包含一连续相和一与该连续相不相混溶的分散相;
该方法包含下列步骤:
A)将该分散系统馈入该至少一个输入端,其中该分散系统中的分散相是由一或多个被分散于该连续相内的巨滴液泡所组成;
B)使该分散系统通过该三维周期性腔体结构,以将该一或多个巨滴液泡剪切成复数个被分散于该连续相内的微液滴;以及
C)使该连续相和该等微液滴经由该至少一个输出端排出该管柱装置。
附图说明
图1A和图1B为示意图,显示一种习用微液滴生成装置及其作动方式;
图2是本发明一具体例的管柱装置的示意图;
图3A是本发明一具体例的三维周期性腔体结构的示意图,显示其是由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构;
图3B是本发明另一具体例的三维周期性腔体结构的示意图,显示其为三维有序多孔微结构;
图4是本发明的管柱装置来产生微液滴的流程图;
图5是本发明一具体例的管柱装置在不同的填充球体球径和填充长度之下,流量与分散相微液滴粒径之间的关系;图6是本发明一具体例的管柱装置在不同填充球体球径及填充长度之下,流速与分散相微液滴粒径的分散性之间的关系。
符号说明:  
管柱装置10
中空管体12
输入端14
输出端16
三维周期性腔体结构18
球体20
空隙22
球状腔体24
连通孔26
分散系统30
连续相32
分散相34
巨滴液泡36
微液滴38
第一相流体90
腔体91
喷孔92
制动器93
第二相流体94。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种用于产生微液滴的管柱装置,其适用于处理一分散系统,将其中被分散于连续相内的巨滴液泡化成为尺寸均一的微液滴。图2是本发明一具体例的管柱装置10,其包含一中空管体12,具有至少一个输入端14,以及相对于至少一个输入端14的至少一个输出端16。在一具体例中,中空管体12是由选自于不锈钢、钛、石英、玻璃和例如聚丙烯等硬质塑料所组成的群组中的材料制成,并且被制作成圆柱形、矩形或多边形管体的形式,而中空管体12内设置了一个三维周期性腔体结构18。
依据本发明的一具体例,三维周期性腔体结构18可以是由复数个球体20堆积而成的三维有序微结构,如图3A所示。所述三维有序微结构是指使球体20进行三维有序排列所获得的微结构。此处所称“有序”是指球体20间的距离呈现规律的周期性,较佳为球体20间的距离大致相等。组成这种微结构的球体20通常具有均一的粒径、形状、化学组成、内部结构或表面性质,以利于球体20排列成类似于晶格的规律结构。在较佳的具体例中,球体20具有单分散性(monodispersity),意指球体20具有狭窄的尺寸分布,它们的粒径具有高度的均一性。
球体20可以由任何不会与所述分散系统产生实质物理和化学反应的惰性材料所制成,适用材料的非限制性实例包括金属材料,以及高分子材料、无机材料等非金属材料。金属材料的实例包括但不限于金、银、铜、铂、铝、锌、铈、铊、钡、钇、锆、锡、钛、钨、镉和铁,以及它们的合金,例如不锈钢。高分子材料较佳为热塑性高分子材料,高分子材料的实例包括但不限于高分子均聚物,例如聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PBMA)、聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸乙酯(PEA)、聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)、聚甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯、聚α-甲基苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸苯酯、聚甲基丙烯酸二苯酯和聚甲基丙烯酸环已烷酯;以及高分子共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物和苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物。无机材料的实例包括但不限于氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化铈、氧化锡、氧化铊、氧化钡、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化锆、氧化铜、氧化镍、氧化硅,以及陶瓷、玻璃、石英等。
熟悉几何结构领域的人将可以理解,本发明所描述的三维周期性腔体结构的特性和排列方式可以包括各种堆积方式。在球体20具有单分散性的较佳具体例中,当球体20被填充于中空管体12内时,将会倾向以最密堆积的形式堆栈而构成三维周期性腔体结构18,亦即相邻的微球彼此相切,任三个两两相切的微球的球心构成一个等边三角形,每个微球的配位数皆为12,而微球与微球间留下了多个近似三角形的空隙(voids)。较佳为三维周期性腔体结构18中至少有一部分的球体20是以最密堆积的形式排列,亦即,三维周期性腔体结构18中有至少50%的球体20,更佳为有至少60%的球体20,例如有至少70%的球体20,是以最密堆积的形式排列。所述最密堆积包括但不限于三维六方最密堆积(hexagonal closest packing;hcp)、三维面心立方堆积(face centered cubic packing;fcc)、三维体心立方堆积(body-centered cubic packing;bcc)和它们的组合。然而,相关技术领域中具有通常知识者皆可理解,由于制造工艺和材料上的限制,球体20不可能达到绝对单一尺寸,且其构形也不必然限定在真圆球体,也可以是例如椭圆球体等。因此,由球体20堆积而成的三维周期性腔体结构18,其所具有的周期性为一巨观且统计上大数分布的概念,其结构中不可避免地存在有类似晶体的缺陷,如空位、差排、叠层等,但这些缺陷不会影响本发明的核心思想以及所希望达到的技术效果。由复数个球体20所组成的三维周期性腔体结构18,其孔洞系统主要是由球体20之间的空隙22所构成,从而界定出用于剪切所述分散系统的狭窄流道。
依据本发明的另一具体例,三维周期性腔体结构18可以是上述三维有序微结构的反结构(inverse structure),其在结构上为一种三维有序多孔微结构。如图3B所示,所述三维有序多孔微结构具有复数个有序排列的球状腔体24,以及复数个连通球状腔体24的连通孔26。此处所称“有序”是指球状腔体24间的距离呈现规律的周期性,较佳为球状腔体24间的距离大致相等。所述三维有序多孔微结构的孔洞系统是由球状腔体24和连通孔26所构成。如后文所述,这些连通孔26构成了用于剪切所述分散系统的狭窄流道。在较佳的具体例中,三维周期性腔体结构18中至少有一部分的球状腔体24是以最密堆积的形式排列,亦即,三维周期性腔体结构18中有至少50%的球状腔体24,更佳为有至少60%的球状腔体24,例如有至少75%的球状腔体24,是以最密堆积的形式排列。所述最密堆积包括但不限于三维六方最密堆积(hexagonal closest packing;hcp)、三维面心立方堆积(face centered cubic packing;fcc)、三维体心立方堆积(body-centered cubic packing;bcc)和它们的组合。然而,相关技术领域中具有通常知识者皆可理解,由于制造工艺和材料上的限制,球状腔体24不可能达到绝对单一尺寸,且其构形也不必然限定在真圆腔体,也可以是例如椭圆腔体等。因此,由球状腔体24和连通孔26组合而成的三维周期性腔体结构18,其所具有的周期性为一巨观且统计上大数分布的概念,其结构中不可避免地存在有类似晶体的缺陷,如空位、差排、叠层等,但这些缺陷不会影响本发明的核心思想以及所希望达到的技术效果。
所述三维有序多孔微结构的制造方法可以包括下列工序:先使复数个球体20堆积而形成前述三维有序微结构,再以三维有序微结构为模版,使一反结构材料渗入模版的空隙以形成反结构,最后利用锻烧与萃取等方式将模版移除,从而生成三维有序多孔微结构。反结构材料包括但不限于:金属,例如金、银、铜、镍、铂、镍钨合金等;氧化物,例如氧化锌、二氧化硅、氧化亚铜等;以及高分子材料,例如聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯类、聚甲基丙烯酸酯类、丙烯酰胺类、聚吡咯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、硅胶等。反结构材料的填覆方式可以为离心、真空抽气、加压挤入、溅镀、电镀、化学气相沉积、原子层沉积等。在反结构材料是高分子材料的具体例中,可以先将构成所述高分子材料的单体或前驱物填入空隙中,再使其固化定型。
本发明所使用的术语“分散系统”(disperse system)意指由一个连续相和一个与该连续相不相混溶的分散相组成的系统。此处所称“连续相”是指由同一物质构成相互连接的一相,在该连续相中可容纳一些相互隔离的异相物质。“分散相”是由散布于前述连续相中的相互隔离的物质共同构成的一相,分散相中的每一隔离单元都被连续相包围。在一具体例中,连续相以及分散相为不互溶的流体(可为液体及气体),而分散系统呈现油包水乳液或水包油乳液的形式。在另一具体例中,连续相为水性液体或油性液体,而分散相则为气体。在某些具体例中,分散相中的各个隔离单元本身可以包含不相混溶的两相,亦即,这些隔离单元本身可以是水包油乳液或油包水乳液。
图4是本发明管柱装置来产生微液滴的方法流程图,该方法包含步骤A:将所述分散系统经由输入端馈入管柱装置;步骤B:使该分散系统通过管柱装置内的三维周期性腔体结构,以将分散系统中的一或多个巨滴液泡剪切成微液滴;以及步骤C:使连续相和微液滴经由输出端排出管柱装置。
请同时参照图2和图4,分散系统30包含一连续相32和一与连续相32不相混溶的分散相34,而分散相34由一或多个被分散于连续相32内的隔离单元所组成。由于表面张力的作用,这些隔离单元是以巨滴液泡36的形式分散在连续相32内。可以经由输入端14将分散系统30馈入管柱装置10。如前所述,管柱装置中设置有三维周期性腔体结构18。当分散系统30进入三维周期性腔体结构18并在其内部流动时,连续相32流体在流动期间将会对于巨滴液泡36施加剪应力(shear force)。当剪应力足够大时,巨滴液泡36将被剪应力剪切成为尺寸更小的微液滴38。随后,使连续相32连同微液滴38经由输出端16排出管柱装置10。值得注意的是,微液滴38的几何尺寸取决于管柱装置10的结构几何尺寸以及流体特性和连续相32流体的流速等参数的影响。这些参数将于后文进一步讨论。
以图3A所示由复数个球体20推积而成的三维周期性腔体结构18作为实例,根据Barth等人著作的学术论文(请参见H. G. Barth & F. J. Carlin Jr., Journal of Liquid Chromatography,(1984)7:9,1717-1738),三维周期性腔体结构18中所产生的剪应力可以通过下列关系式来描述:
剪应力(shear stress,τ)与流体黏度(viscosity,η)、剪切速率(shear rate, )的关系如下列方程式:
τ=η ......(1)
而剪切速率(shear rate, )与管柱装置10内的流体流速(flow rate,Q)、中空管体截面积(cross-sectional area,A)、流路等效半径(tube radius,R h)、管柱装置10的孔隙率(porosity,ε)的关系,可以下式表示:
=4Q/εAR h......(2)
其中流路的等效半径(R h)与内部填充球体20的直径(diameter of the packing particles, D p)及管柱装置10的孔隙率(porosity,ε)关系如下:
R h = D p ε/3(1-ε)......(3)
由于在流体通道上,流体流动过程中因流道的收缩或扩张产生的速度梯度会形成剪应力,导致分散相34被拉伸并在剪切速率足够大时断裂。一般而言,溶质或分散液滴上所受到的剪应力大小与其尺寸成正相关。根据Bird等人的研究(Bird,R. Byronet al.,Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids (1977): 593),关于分散相或溶质受此剪应力下的稳定性尚无可定量的理论与方法,仅能在严格定义的条件下进行实验测定各项参数间的关系。
因此流速(Q)与剪应力(τ)的关系,可以推导如下式(4):
τ=4ηQ/εA R h......(4)。
也就是说,分散系统30流经三维周期性腔体结构18时,分散相34内的巨滴液泡36将承受连续相32流体所施加的剪应力(τ),且该剪应力(τ)与分散系统30的流速(Q)成正比。
发明人进一步进行实际测试,改变三维周期性腔体结构18中的氧化硅球体20的尺寸(球径),并且在管径相同的条件下分别使分散系统30以不同流速通过三维周期性腔体结构18,从而于分散相34中得到微液滴38。随后,将微液滴38加以固化,再由连续相32分离出来,借此观察分散系统30经管柱装置10进行剪切后,所产生的微液滴38的粒径(D v50)与三维周期性腔体结构18中的氧化硅球体20的球径及流速的关系。结果显示于图5。图5所示各条虚线代表在球体球径相同的条件下(例如273 μm、385 μm或500 μm),不同填充长度的管柱装置,其流速与微液滴38的粒径(D v50)之间的关系,我们发现其数学关系满足下式(5):
D v50= Aln(流速)+B.....(5)
其中D v50为固化微液滴18的粒径分布的中间值(单位μm)、该流速为分散系统30通过三维周期性腔体结构18的速度、A为斜率(单位μm/ln(mL/min))、B为截距。
据此,在本发明的一个较佳具体例中,本发明管柱装置满足上式(5),其中斜率A介于-10至-30μm/ln(mL/min),更佳为斜率介于-12至-25μm/ln(mL/min),而且管柱装置中填充有球体20的长度,亦即三维周期性腔体结构18沿着分散系统30的流动方向上的长度,一个实施例为大于或等于1 cm,另一实施例为大于或等于2 cm,又一实施例为大于或等于3 cm。
本发明的一个应用实施例,可见于让与本发明申请人的美国专利早期公开案第2024/0033713号,其发明名称为“一种多孔微球及包含多孔微球的静相媒质和吸附层析管柱”。在该件美国公开案的吸附层析管柱中,所填充的多孔微球可以借由本发明管柱装置来制造。详言之,该件美国公开案涉及先制备出第一乳液,再将该第一乳液分散于第三相流体而得到一包含有巨滴液泡的巨滴乳液,该巨滴乳液较佳为一水包油包水乳液,水即是图2及图4所述的连续相,而油包水乳液就是图2及图4所述的巨滴液泡。随后,将该巨滴乳液作为本发明所称分散系统馈入本发明管柱装置,使分散于巨滴乳液中的巨滴液泡被管柱装置中的三维周期性腔体结构剪切成微液滴。最后,将这些微液滴加以固化,从而得到可供用做为层析用静相媒质的多孔微球。在该应用实施例中,为了使多孔微球在吸附层析管柱应用中仍具有对流方式传输的特性,较佳为该多孔微球的粒径要小于500 μm,更佳为小于300 μm,甚至小于200 μm。在该件美国公开案中,更实作出中心粒径约50 μm的多孔微球,并借由实验数据证明借由填充该多孔微球的吸附层析管柱,其具有非常好的对流传输吸附方式。根据此相关特性,以流速40 mL/min为例,若希望使用本发明管柱装置得到小于500 μm的微液滴,则所使用的填充球体球径需小于1.3 mm,并且填充该球体的长度必须要大于1cm。当然,列举上述应用实施例,并不意味着本发明管柱装置仅适于实施该应用,只要是牵涉到至少两相流体混合且欲将其中至少一相流体制作成微小液滴,都可以借由本发明管柱装置来完成。而且,借由本发明管柱装置所制成的微液滴,经固化后可以作为例如吸附层析、微载体(microcarrier)、生物支架(scaffold)以及各种生物、医学及化学制剂纯化等等。
发明人进一步在本发明管柱装置中分别填充不同球径的球体(亦即,253.5、335及500 μm),使分散系统30以不同流速通过具有不同填充长度的管柱装置后(亦即三维周期性腔体结构18沿着分散系统30的流动方向上的长度),再将流出管柱装置的微液滴38加以固化成为微球,由连续相32分离出来。借此观察经本发明管柱装置分散后,微球分散度(Span/D v50,Span = D v90- D v10)与本发明管柱装置中所填充的球体的球径、填充长度及分散系统的流速的关系。其结果显示于图6。由图6可以观察到,微球分散度(Span/Dv50)会随分散系统的流速增加而上升,说明当流速增加,其分散后的微球粒径分布越宽;相反的随流速下降,微球粒径分布越趋向均一的趋势,而且呈现接近线性关系:
Y = aX + b......(6)
其中Y为微球分散度,X为分散系统的流速(mL/min),a为斜率,b为截距。
据此,在本发明的另一个较佳具体例中,所述固化微球满足上式(6),且斜率a(单位min/mL)介于0.005~0.009min/mL之间,更佳为介于0.006~0.008min/mL之间,而且管柱装置中填充有球体20的长度,亦即三维周期性腔体结构18沿着分散系统30的流动方向上的长度,一个实施例为大于或等于1cm,另一实施例为大于或等于2 cm,又一实施例为大于或等于3cm。
上述具体例亦指出,本发明适用于产生大量单分散性微液滴,且微液滴的尺寸可以经由选择管柱装置中的球体球径和填充长度来调整。
依据本发明,在产生微液滴的方法中,步骤C之后还可以包含一个固化微液滴的步骤。此处所称“固化”意指将微液滴转化成为一具有安定自立构形(stable free-standing configuration)的微球的过程。举例而言,在微液滴含有可聚合单体的具体例中,所述固化步骤可以包含使微液滴受热及/或接受适当波长的光照,抑或是进一步添加促进剂,以容许可聚合单体发生聚合反应形成高分子,从而固化成形。
在上述固化步骤之后还可以包含一个分离步骤,将固化的微球由连续相流体中分离出来。适用的分离工序可以涵盖所有习用的固液分离工序。在一较佳具体例中,可以采用过滤法,例如使用筛网、薄膜、减压抽气、湿式过滤或摇筛机进行过滤,来分离出微球。分离出来的微球可以水(例如去离子水、纯水)及/或醇类溶剂(例如乙醇、异丙醇)进行清洗数次,以除去残留的连续相流体。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种用于产生微液滴的管柱装置,其特征在于,
    一中空管体,其具有至少一个输入端,以及相对于该至少一个输入端的至少一个输出端;以及
    一个三维周期性腔体结构,设置于该中空管体内,其选自于由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构以及该三维有序微结构的反结构所组成的群组,以容许一分散系统由该至少一个输入端馈入,通过该三维周期性腔体结构后,再由该至少一个输出端排出,而该分散系统包含一连续相和一与该连续相不相混溶且由一或多个巨滴液泡所组成的分散相,使得当该分散系统进入该三维周期性腔体结构并在其内部流动时,该连续相将会对于该一或多个巨滴液泡施加剪应力,从而将该一或多个巨滴液泡剪切成为复数个被分散于该连续相内的微液滴,该等微液滴于固化后满足下式(5):
    D v50= Aln(流速)+B.....(5)
    其中D v50为固化微液滴粒径分布的中间值,该流速为该分散系统通过该三维周期性腔体结构的速度,D v50相对于流速的斜率A介于-10至-30 μm/ln(mL/min),B为截距;以及
    该三维周期性腔体结构沿着该分散系统的流动方向上的长度为大于或等于1 cm。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的管柱装置,其特征在于,该斜率A介于-12至-25 μm/ln(mL/min)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的管柱装置,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构沿着该分散系统的流动方向上的长度为大于或等于2 cm。
  4. 如请权利要求3所述的管柱装置,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构沿着该分散系统的流动方向上的长度为大于或等于3cm。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的管柱装置,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构是由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构,且该三维周期性腔体结构中有至少50%的球体是以最密堆积的形式排列。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的管柱装置,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构是由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构,且该三维周期性腔体结构中有至少60%的球体是以最密堆积的形式排列。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的管柱装置,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构是由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构,且该三维周期性腔体结构中有至少70%的球体是以最密堆积的形式排列。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的管柱装置,其特征在于,该等该固化微液滴更满足下式(6):
    Y = aX + b.....(6)
    其中Y为微液滴的粒径分布的分散度,X为该分散系统的流速,Y相对X的斜率a介于0.005~0.009min/mL之间,b为截距。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的管柱装置,其特征在于,该斜率a介于0.006~0.008min/mL之间。
  10. 一种运用一管柱装置来产生微液滴的方法,其特征在于,该管柱装置包含:
    一中空管体,其具有至少一个输入端,以及相对于该至少一个输入端的至少一个输出端;以及
    一个三维周期性腔体结构,设置于该中空管体内,其选自于由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构以及该三维有序微结构的反结构所组成的群组,以容许一分散系统由该至少一个输入端馈入;以及
    该三维周期性腔体结构沿着该分散系统的流动方向上的长度为大于或等于1 cm;
    该方法包含下列步骤:
    A)将该分散系统馈入该至少一个输入端,其中该分散系统包含一连续相和一与该连续相不相混溶且由一或多个巨滴液泡所组成的分散相;
    B) 使该分散系统通过该三维周期性腔体结构,当该分散系统进入该三维周期性腔体结构并在其内部流动时,该连续相将会对于该一或多个巨滴液泡施加剪应力,从而将该一或多个巨滴液泡剪切成为复数个被分散于该连续相内的微液滴,该等微液滴于固化后满足下式(5):
    D v50= Aln(流速)+B.....(5)
    其中D v50为固化微液滴粒径分布的中间值,该流速为该分散系统通过该三维周期性腔体结构的速度,D v50相对于流速的斜率A介于-10至-30 μm/ln(mL/min),B为截距;以及
    C) 使该连续相和该等微液滴经由该至少一个输出端排出该管柱装置。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,该步骤C之后还包含一将该等微液滴固化成为微球的步骤。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,该分散系统选自于由油包水乳液和水包油乳液所组成的群组。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,该斜率A介于-12至-25 μm/ln(mL/min)。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构沿着该分散系统的流动方向上的长度为大于或等于2 cm。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构沿着该分散系统的流动方向上的长度为大于或等于3cm。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构是由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构,且该三维周期性腔体结构中有至少50%的球体是以最密堆积的形式排列。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构是由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构,且该三维周期性腔体结构中有至少60%的球体是以最密堆积的形式排列。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,该三维周期性腔体结构是由复数个球体堆积而成的三维有序微结构,且该三维周期性腔体结构中有至少70%的球体是以最密堆积的形式排列。
  19. 如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,该等该固化微液滴更满足下式(6):
    Y = aX + b.....(6)
    其中Y为微液滴的粒径分布的分散度,X为该分散系统的流速,Y相对X的斜率a介于0.005~0.009min/mL之间,b为截距。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,该斜率a介于0.006~0.008min/mL之间。
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