WO2024256567A1 - Environmentally friendly packaging material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising: a carrier substrate having a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; at least one first coating colour layer arranged on the first side and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the at least one first coating colour layer has at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymer binder, or wherein the at least one first coating colour layer has at least one polymer binder and no inorganic pigment; and at least one second coating colour layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one first coating colour layer, wherein the at least one second coating colour layer contains 10 wt% to 95 wt% of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the at least one second coating colour layer, and wherein the at least one second coating colour layer contains 1 wt% to 90 wt% of at least one rheological agent, in particular a polyol, in relation to the total dry mass of the at least one second coating colour layer.

Description

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PACKAGING MATERIAL

TECHNICAL FIELD

According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising a carrier substrate having a first side and a second side facing away from the first side, at least one first coating color layer arranged on the first and/or second side of the carrier substrate, and at least one second coating color layer applied directly or indirectly to the at least one first coating color layer.

According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing an environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to a third aspect, the present invention relates to an environmentally friendly packaging material producible by a method according to the second aspect.

According to a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a use of an environmentally friendly packaging material according to the first and/or third aspect as packaging, in particular for consumer goods, food, electronic articles and/or tobacco products.

According to a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a second coating color for the indirect or direct coating of a first coating color layer which is applied to a first carrier substrate.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND A packaging material or packaging paper generally refers to a paper cover, in particular a partial or complete cover, of an object, in particular for its protection or for better handling. Consequently, a packaging material or packaging paper includes the paper material that forms such a packaging.

Conventional packaging material is used primarily as packaging for consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products.

A packaging material for packaging consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products protects the packaged goods from external influences, such as moisture or dirt, on the one hand, and prevents components of the packaged goods from escaping to the outside, on the other. To achieve this, packaging materials for packaging consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products must meet various criteria. Suitable packaging materials should, among other things, meet mechanical and process-specific requirements and have effective barrier properties against, for example, water, fat, mineral oils, flavorings and/or oxygen.

A packaging material for packaging consumer goods, food, electronics and/or tobacco products should also have sufficient tear resistance, a friction coefficient adapted to further processing, e.g. in a printing and packaging machine, and sufficient flexibility to be able to package the goods to be packaged effectively. Depending on the application, a packaging material can be a simple wrapping paper or, if it is partially or fully coated with a heat and cold sealable coating, can be used to make bags, be printable from the outside and not lose its protective effect during the entire conversion and packaging process.

In addition, it is crucial that fluorine-free chemicals are used in packaging materials for packaging consumer goods, food, electronics and/or tobacco products, especially in packaging materials for packaging fatty consumer goods, food, electronics and/or tobacco products, in order to avoid fluorine contamination of the packaged goods and/or to avoid the release of fluorine-containing chemicals into the environment. WO 2022/003472 A1 discloses a barrier coating for paper and cardboard which comprises a polysaccharide and a polycationic polymer.

WO 2022/269198 A1 discloses a multilayer packaging material which has barrier properties, is biodegradable and recyclable.

JP 2003-013391 A discloses packaging material having a biodegradable resin coating.

US 3,932,192 discloses the use of pullulan in a paper coating.

WO 2008/068779 A2 discloses a packaging material with a water-soluble film.

Conventional packaging materials, if they optionally consist of plastic, especially fossil raw materials, are often not or only partially recyclable, and are also often not or only partially biodegradable.

Since conventional packaging consists largely of plastics, which only decompose in nature over a very long period of time, conventional packaging contributes significantly to global plastic waste pollution.

There is therefore a need to replace conventional plastic-based packaging with environmentally friendly packaging, which is based, for example, on natural raw materials.

In addition, the corresponding packaging must demonstrate a high level of safety with regard to the goods to be packaged. A decisive criterion in assessing the safety of packaging material is that components, in particular water-soluble components, of corresponding conventional packaging materials do not migrate or only migrate to a very small extent from the packaging materials into the respective packaged consumer goods and/or foodstuffs, or into the respective packaged tobacco products, and contaminate them, so that when a user uses consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products packaged in packaging materials, possible risks to the user's health can be excluded or minimized.

Conventional packaging materials, even if they are made from natural raw materials, often have only a limited barrier effect against oxygen, water vapor, mineral oils, flavorings and/or fat, so that in many cases they are not suitable or only suitable to a limited extent as packaging for consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products.

Another problem with conventionally used coating colors for producing coating layers of packaging materials, even if they contain natural raw materials, is that they are often not suitable for the industrial production of packaging materials on a large scale. Corresponding industrial coating machines for applying coating color to a carrier substrate often have production speeds of more than 1000 meters of material per minute. However, for a correspondingly successful large-scale industrial production of packaging material, it is necessary that the viscosity of the coating color applied by industrial coating machines lies within a narrowly limited viscosity range. Conventionally used coating colors, even if they consist of natural raw materials, often have very high viscosities, which are therefore not suitable for the large-scale industrial production of packaging material.

In addition, when conventionally used coating colors for producing coating layers on packaging materials, it must be ensured that the corresponding coating colors, especially when they consist of natural raw materials, do not have too low solids concentrations, as they can then no longer be used economically. This is due to the increased need for drying energy in order to effectively dry correspondingly low-concentration coating colors, and to the fact that the small layer application of correspondingly low-concentration coating colors requires a large number of repetitions of the coating process during the drying process, which limits the economic applicability of correspondingly low-concentration coating colors. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

definitions

The term "coating color" used in the context of the present invention refers, in accordance with the general understanding in the field of paper technology, to coating materials containing or consisting of binders, additives and/or pigments which are applied or "coated" onto a substrate surface, in particular a paper surface, using special coating devices for surface finishing or modification of a carrier substrate or carrier paper. Papers produced in this way are referred to as "coated papers".

In the context of the present invention, a "coated paper" is understood to mean a carrier substrate which comprises one or more layers applied by coating, i.e. coating color layers. Possible layers of such a coated carrier substrate are functional layers and structure-forming layers, such as leveling layers for smoothing the surface.

According to the invention, the term "coating color" is used as a generic term for all spreadable coating materials, preparations and/or solutions in the paper industry for treating, modifying or refining a paper surface. The term "coating color layer" refers to the coating color applied to the carrier substrate and dried and filmed.

A "paper" according to the present invention is a flat material that consists essentially of fibers of plant origin and is formed by dewatering a fiber suspension on a sieve. The resulting fiber fleece is compacted and dried. In the context of the present invention, the flat materials "cardboard" and "paperboard" produced in the same way are also subsumed under paper. A distinction is made between paper, cardboard and paperboard only on the basis of the basis weight, with paperboard having a basis weight of more than 600 g/m ² , cardboard having a basis weight of more than 150 g/m ² and less than or equal to 600 g/m ² and paper having a basis weight of less than or equal to 150 g/m ² . The molar mass M of a compound describes the ratio of the mass m of the compound to the amount of substance n of the compound according to the formula M = m / n, where the unit is defined as g/mol.

The molar mass of a polymer is usually not constant, but is described by a molar mass distribution. Various average values for the molar mass distribution can be defined in order to statistically describe the molar mass of a polymer, including the viscosity average, the mass average, and the number average of the molar mass. The molar mass Mj of the polymer with a number i of monomers is weighted by the relative number proportion that this polymer has. The number average M _n of the molar mass describes the average of the molar masses of all polymers in a sample according to the formula shown below. Ni corresponds to the number of monomers in the sample with exactly i repeating units:

task

The object of the present invention is to provide a packaging material which is environmentally friendly, i.e. to provide a packaging material which is biodegradable and/or which is advantageously recyclable.

In addition, the present invention aims at a corresponding environmentally friendly packaging material having a reduced migration of components of the packaging material into goods packaged by the packaging material, such as consumer goods, food, electronic articles and/or tobacco products. At the same time, the packaging material of the present invention is intended to prevent or at least slow down the migration of components, in particular fats and oils, of the packaged goods, such as consumer goods, foodstuffs, electronic articles and/or tobacco products, to the outside.

In addition, the present invention aims at ensuring that a corresponding environmentally friendly packaging material has a high kink resistance and/or sealability in order to ensure a high degree of freedom in the design of the packaging made from the packaging material.

The present invention further aims to enable a corresponding environmentally friendly packaging material to be produced economically on a large industrial scale, so that this environmentally friendly packaging material can be produced, for example, by industrial coating machines with production speeds of more than 1000 meters per minute.

In addition, the present invention further aims at ensuring that corresponding coating colors, which are used to produce the corresponding coating color layers of the environmentally friendly packaging material, have sufficiently high solids concentrations so that these coating colors can be dried with low drying energy during the production of the corresponding coating color layers and multiple layer applications are not necessary in order to apply a sufficiently thick coating color layer.

Environmentally friendly packaging material

The above-mentioned object is achieved according to the first aspect by an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising a carrier substrate which has a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; at least one first coating color layer which is arranged on the first side and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric Binder, or wherein the at least one first coating layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; and at least one second coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one first coating layer, wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises 10% by weight to 95% by weight of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the second coating layer, and wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises 1% by weight to 90% by weight of at least one rheology agent, in particular a polyol, based on the total dry mass of the at least one second coating layer.

The polymeric binder or inorganic pigment used for the first coating layer, as well as the polysaccharide and rheological agent, in particular polyol, used for the second coating layer consist of natural raw materials, so that the packaging material according to the present invention is advantageously environmentally friendly. The packaging material according to the present invention is particularly advantageously biodegradable and/or recyclable, so that the packaging material according to the present invention contributes significantly to reducing global pollution with plastic waste.

In addition, the combination of the at least one first coating color layer and the at least one second coating color layer, which are applied to the carrier substrate, ensures an effective barrier effect of the environmentally friendly packaging material in that migration of components of the packaging material into goods packaged by the packaging material, such as consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products, is effectively reduced, so that the risk of a health hazard to users of the packaging material due to correspondingly contaminated goods can be advantageously reduced.

In particular, the packaging material according to the present invention prevents migration of oxygen, water vapor, fat, mineral oils and/or flavorings through the packaging material, so that the packaging material is suitable for packaging a wide variety of different goods.

Thus, by the use of the polysaccharide and the rheology agent, in particular the polyol, in the second coating layer during the production of the environmentally friendly packaging material, as claimed in the first aspect of the invention, the viscosity of the corresponding second coating color can be adjusted in a specific viscosity range in such an advantageous manner that the second coating color can be used in large-scale industrial coating machines with a production speed of the environmentally friendly packaging material of sometimes more than 1000 meters per minute.

Thus, the environmentally friendly packaging material according to the present invention serves as at least an equivalent replacement for conventional plastic-based packaging materials, such as unprinted, printed or coated plastic.

At least one first or at least one second coating color layer requires an effective application of the respective at least one first or at least one second coating color to the carrier substrate. In particular, the at least one first and/or at least one second coating color layer is a first and/or second coating color layer applied by means of an aqueous dispersion or an aqueous solution.

In this case, the at least one first coating layer, which is applied directly to the carrier substrate in particular, ensures that the subsequently applied second coating layer on the first coating layer ensures an advantageously homogeneous coating.

In addition, by applying the at least one first coating color layer to the carrier substrate, the application weight of the at least one second coating color layer can be advantageously reduced without adverse properties of the packaging material being observed. In particular, the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one front-side first coating color layer which is arranged on the first side of the carrier substrate, or the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one rear-side first coating color layer which is arranged on the second side of the carrier substrate, or the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one front-side first coating color layer which is arranged on the first side of the carrier substrate and at least one rear-side first coating color layer which is arranged on the second side of the carrier substrate.

In particular, the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one front-side second coating layer which is applied directly to at least one front-side first coating layer, or the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one rear-side second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one rear-side first coating layer, or the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one front-side second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one front-side first coating layer, and at least one rear-side second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one rear-side first coating layer.

Thus, depending on the arrangement of the first and second coating layers on a single side or on both sides of the carrier substrate, either at least two layers or at least four layers can be present in the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a biodegradable environmentally friendly packaging material.

This provides the technical advantage that the packaging material can be removed from the constantly growing amount of packaging waste, since the corresponding biodegradable packaging material can be recycled after disposal via a can be biologically broken down by organisms over a longer period of time and is thus decomposed.

In particular, rapid biodegradability of packaging materials under aerobic conditions is demonstrated by tests in the OECD test series 301 (A-F). In the context of the present invention, “biodegradable” refers to packaging materials that have a biodegradability of at least 40% measured according to OECD 301 F or of at least 20% measured according to OECD 302 C (M ITI-I I test) and thus have inherent or fundamental degradability. This corresponds to the limit value for OECD 302 C according to “Revised Introduction to the OECD Guidelines for testing of Chemicals, section 3, Part 1, dated 23 March 2006”. From a limit value of at least 60% measured according to OECD 301 F, packaging materials are also referred to as rapidly biodegradable.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a recyclable environmentally friendly packaging material, wherein the recyclable environmentally friendly packaging material in particular complies with the standard PTS-RH 021:2012- Category II and/or the standard Aticelca UNI 11743:2019 (certification body Aticelca) and/or the standard 501:2019 (Aticelca).

When recycling packaging materials, the removal of printing ink from the packaging material is also relevant. The evaluation of recyclability can be carried out, for example, using the INGEDE method 11, whereby the packaging material according to the invention preferably achieves a value of over 50 using the INGEDE method 11, most preferably over 70.

This achieves the technical advantage that a suitably recyclable, environmentally friendly packaging material can be advantageously reused after use, thereby improving the sustainability of the packaging material. In particular, the recyclable packaging material can be integrated into a packaging cycle. According to one embodiment, the at least one first coating color layer comprises a single first coating color layer which is arranged on the first or second side of the carrier substrate.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of only a single first coating layer reduces the manufacturing effort of the packaging material.

According to an alternative embodiment, the at least one first coating layer comprises a first coating layer which is arranged on the first side or second side of the carrier substrate, and the at least one first coating layer comprises at least one further first coating layer which is applied to the first coating layer, wherein the first coating layer and the at least one further first coating layer comprise at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the first coating layer and the at least one further first coating layer comprise at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of a plurality of first coating color layers between the carrier substrate and the at least one second coating color layer increases the barrier effect of the packaging material depending on the application and, if appropriate, leads to the application weight of the second coating color layer applied to the plurality of first coating color layers being able to be reduced.

According to one embodiment, the at least one second coating color layer comprises a single second coating color layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one first coating color layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of only a single second coating layer reduces the manufacturing effort of the packaging material. According to an alternative embodiment, the at least one second coating layer comprises a second coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one first coating layer, and the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one further second coating layer which is applied to the second coating layer, wherein the second coating layer and the at least one further second coating layer comprise 10% by weight to 95% by weight of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the respective second coating layer, and wherein the second coating layer and the at least one further second coating layer comprise 1% by weight to 90% by weight of at least one rheology agent, in particular a polyol, based on the total dry mass of the respective second coating layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of several second coating layers applied directly or indirectly to the outside of the first coating layers increases the barrier effect of the packaging material, or particularly advantageous properties of the packaging material can be achieved, depending on the application.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate comprises cellulose, wherein the carrier substrate in particular comprises cellulose fibers.

This achieves the technical advantage that, on the one hand, the pulp or cellulose fibers consist of natural and environmentally friendly materials, and, on the other hand, the pulp or cellulose fibers ensure sufficient structural stability of the environmentally friendly packaging material so that it can be used effectively as packaging.

In particular, pulp, especially cellulose fibres, is the exclusive component of the carrier substrate of the environmentally friendly packaging material. According to one embodiment, the at least one pulp, in particular the cellulose fibers, comprises a weight proportion of at least 70 wt.%, preferably at least 75 wt.%, more preferably at least 80 wt.% and most preferably at least 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the components of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate comprises a long fiber pulp and/or a short fiber pulp.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of a long-fiber pulp and/or a short-fiber pulp ensures particularly advantageous structural properties of the packaging material. A long-fiber pulp is understood here to mean in particular a pulp made from softwoods or in particular a pulp comprising fibers with a fiber length of 0.5 mm to 4.4 mm or 0.7 mm to 3.5 mm or 2.6 mm to 4.4 mm. A short-fiber pulp is understood here to mean in particular a pulp made from hardwoods or in particular a pulp comprising fibers with a fiber length of 0.5 to 2.2 mm or 0.7 mm to 2.2 mm or particularly preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mm.

According to one embodiment, the long-fiber pulp has a weight proportion of 10 wt.% to 80 wt.%, preferably 20 wt.% to 50 wt.%, based on the fiber mixture of long-fiber pulp and short-fiber pulp.

According to one embodiment, the short fiber pulp has a weight proportion of 20 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably 50 wt.% to 80 wt.%, based on the fiber mixture of long fiber pulp and short fiber pulp.

This achieves the technical advantage that the corresponding weight proportions of the long-fibre pulp or the short-fibre pulp ensure advantageous properties of the packaging material.

For the production of the carrier substrate, cellulose fibres from a) wood, e.g. from deciduous or coniferous trees, b) annual plants and grasses, e.g. silphium, hemp, straw, etc. c) processed paper waste or d) processed waste paper or mixtures thereof. The properties of the carrier substrate can be adjusted in a known manner, in particular by the type of pulp fibers, the processing of the pulp fibers, e.g. pulping processes, extraction, and the grinding and mixing of the pulp fibers.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate comprises fresh fibers, primary fibers, secondary fibers and/or recycled fibers.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of recycled fibers ensures a favorable environmental balance of the carrier substrate, since no new plants have to be processed for this purpose, but already used carrier substrates can be reprocessed in a circular process. The fresh fibers, which are made from new plants, can in particular have a lower proportion than the recycled fibers in the carrier substrate.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate has a basis weight of 15 g/m ² to 65 g/m ² , preferably from 30 g/m ² to 60 g/m ² , and most preferably from 35 g/m ² to 55 g/m ² .

This achieves the technical advantage that the mentioned basis weights of the carrier substrate ensure advantageous properties of the packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate is selected from the group comprising uncoated papers, single-sided coated papers, and double-sided coated papers.

This provides the technical advantage that the carrier substrate can be advantageously selected depending on the application of the desired environmentally friendly packaging material. According to one embodiment, the polymeric binder comprises at least one natural polymer, wherein the natural polymer is preferably selected from the group comprising at least one polysaccharide, more preferably pullulan, chitosan, starch, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and/or hydroxyethylcellulose, proteins, more preferably casein, butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, acrylic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and mixtures thereof, and wherein the natural polymer most preferably comprises exclusively starch.

This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageous production of the at least one first coating color layer is achieved by the corresponding polymeric binders, and in addition advantageous barrier properties of the at least one first coating color layer are ensured by the corresponding polymeric binders.

According to one embodiment, the at least one first coating color layer comprises 1 wt.% to 70 wt.% of the at least one polymeric binder based on the total dry mass of the at least one first coating color layer, preferably from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%.

This achieves the technical advantage that at least one advantageous first coating layer can be obtained by using the corresponding weight proportions of the polymeric binder.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one first coating color layer is selected from the group comprising calcined kaolin, kaolin, kaolinite, magnesium silicate hydrate, silicon oxide, bentonite, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, boehmite, clay, talc, and mixtures thereof, preferably calcined kaolin, kaolin, kaolinite, clay, talc and/or calcium carbonate, in particular ground calcium carbonate and/or precipitated calcium carbonate. This provides the technical advantage that advantageous properties of the first coating layer can be achieved by using the corresponding inorganic pigments.

According to one embodiment, the at least one first coating color layer comprises 40 wt.% to 95 wt.% of the at least one inorganic pigment based on the total dry mass of the at least one first coating color layer, preferably from 65 wt.% to 85 wt.%.

This achieves the technical advantage that advantageous properties of the first coating layer can be ensured by the corresponding weight proportions of the inorganic pigments.

According to one embodiment, the ratio of the polymeric binder to the inorganic pigment in the at least one first coating color layer is from 1 to 5 to 5 to 1, preferably 1 to 4 to 4 to 1, more preferably 1 to 3 to 3 to 1, even more preferably from 1 to 2 to 2 to 1, and most preferably about 1 to 1.

This achieves the technical advantage that the appropriate ratio of the polymeric binder to the inorganic pigment enables advantageous properties of the first coating layer.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one first coating color layer has an aspect ratio of 5 to 100, preferably of 15 to 100, more preferably of 20 to 80.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one first coating color layer has a particle size distribution of 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide comprises at least one natural polysaccharide, wherein the at least one natural polysaccharide is preferably selected from the group comprising hemicellulose, cellulose, Starch, alginate, chitosan, pullulan, dextran, agarose and mixtures thereof, wherein the at least one natural polymer more preferably comprises pullulan, chitosan and/or alginate, and wherein the at least one natural polymer most preferably comprises exclusively pullulan.

This achieves the technical advantage that the corresponding natural polysaccharides ensure the environmental compatibility of the packaging material, can be advantageously processed as part of the second coating color, and also ensure advantageous properties of the second coating color layer of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the second coating layer comprises 40 wt.% to 90 wt.% of the at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the second coating layer, preferably 50 wt.% to 85 wt.% and most preferably 60 wt.% to 80 wt.%.

This achieves the technical advantage that the corresponding weight ranges of the at least one polysaccharide ensure an advantageous compromise between an optimal viscosity of the second coating color for producing the second coating color layer and the drying properties of the correspondingly applied second coating color.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the second coating color layer has a number average degree of polymerization X _n of at least 100, wherein the number average degree of polymerization X _n is determined according to the following formula: X _n = M _n / M _m , wherein M _n corresponds to the number average molar mass of the at least one polysaccharide, and wherein M _m corresponds to the molar mass of a monomer unit of the at least one polysaccharide.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the second coating layer has a number average degree of polymerization X _n of at least 110, preferably of at least 120, more preferably of at least 130, even more preferably of at least 140, even more preferably of at least 150, even more preferably of at least 160, even more preferably of at least 170, even more preferably of at least 175, even more preferably of at least 200, even more preferably of at least 250, even more preferably of at least 300, even more preferably of at least 400, even more preferably of at least 500, even more preferably of at least 600, even more preferably of at least 700 and most preferably of at least 800.

This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageous number average degree of polymerization X _n of the at least one polysaccharide ensures advantageous producibility of the second coating layer, since the corresponding second coating from which the second coating layer is produced has an advantageous viscosity. In addition, an advantageous effect results in relation to the gas barrier properties of the second coating layer.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the second coating color layer has different number average degrees of polymerization X _n .

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the at least one second coating color layer has a number average molar mass M _n between 1 x 10 ⁵ g/mol and 8 x 10 ⁵ g/mol, preferably between 2 x 10 ⁵ g/mol and 6 x 10 ⁵ g/mol, and most preferably between 3 x 10 ⁵ g/mol and 4 x 10 ⁵ g/mol.

According to one embodiment, the at least one rheology agent is selected from the group comprising: a) sugar alcohols selected from the group comprising: diglycerol, triglycerol, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, mannose, ribose, xylose, D-mannitol, triacetin, and mixtures thereof; b) polyols selected from the group comprising: pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol and mixtures thereof; c) diols selected from the group comprising: methylpentanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol and mixtures thereof; d) glycols selected from the group comprising: polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 2000, alkoxylated polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof; e) caprolactam, cyclic trimethylolpropane, resin esters and mixtures thereof, f) fatty acids, in particular stearic acid, and/or fatty acid amides, in particular erucamide, stearic acid amide and/or palmitic acid amide, and mixtures thereof; mixtures of subgroups a) to f) are included. wherein the polyols preferably comprise xylitol and/or sorbitol, wherein the polyols most preferably comprise exclusively xylitol.

This achieves the technical advantage that the natural polyols mentioned are environmentally friendly additives, which also ensure an advantageous adjustment of the viscosity of the second coating color so that it can be applied on a large scale.

According to one embodiment, the second coating layer comprises 1 wt.% to 90 wt.% of the at least one rheology agent, in particular the polyol, based on the total dry mass of the second coating layer, preferably 5 wt.% to 40 wt.%, and most preferably 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%.

This achieves the technical advantage that the weight proportions of the at least one rheological agent, in particular the polyol, in the second A favorable viscosity can be set for the coating color used to produce the second coating color layer. In addition, the rheological agent, in particular polyol, serves as a plasticizer.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material contains a maximum of 5 wt.%, more preferably a maximum of 2.5 wt.%, even more preferably a maximum of 1 wt.%, additionally even more preferably a maximum of 0.1 wt.% and most preferably a maximum of 0.01 wt.% of plastic, wherein the plastic is defined as a polymer to which additives and other substances may have been added and which can function as the main structural component of end products, excluding natural polymers that have not been chemically modified.

This provides the technical advantage that the environmentally friendly packaging material can be advantageously recycled due to the very low plastic content.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material comprises a maximum of 60 wt.%, preferably a maximum of 50 wt.%, more preferably a maximum of 40 wt.% and most preferably a maximum of 20 wt.% of the first and second coating color layers based on the total weight of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of first and second coating layers with low weight proportions advantageously reduces the production costs of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the first and/or second coating layer comprises at least one excipient, wherein the at least one excipient preferably comprises a natural surfactant, most preferably saponins and/or phospholipids.

In particular, the surfactant comprises a water-soluble non-ionic ethoxylated alcohol, in particular with a solids content of between 4 and 15%, wherein the surfactant preferably has the formula RO(CH2CH2O)xH, wherein the substituent R is is selected as iso-Ci3H27 and the substituent x is 8 or more; or wherein the substituent R is selected as iso-Cw and the substituent x is selected from the group comprising 5, 6, 7, 8 or 11.

According to one embodiment, the natural surfactant is present in a range from 0.05 wt.% to 3 wt.%, preferably from 0.1 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, based on the total dry mass of the respective coating color layer.

This provides the technical advantage of producing an advantageously homogeneous second coating color for the production of the second coating color layer. The natural surfactant is required to adjust the dynamic surface tension for large-scale industrial application.

According to one embodiment, the at least one first coating layer and/or the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one additive which is selected from the group comprising viscosity-controlling agents, preferably dicyandiamides, polyethylene glycol and/or urea as viscosity-reducing agents, or preferably alginate, carboxymethylcellulose and/or acrylic acid esters as viscosity-increasing agents, dispersants, preferably polyphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, and/or salts of polycarboxylic acids, defoamers, agents for increasing wet strength, preferably melamine-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, formalin and/or glyoxal, preservatives, preferably antibacterial additives and/or antifungal additives, lubricants, preferably polyglycol, agents for pH control, preferably sodium hydroxide and/or ammonia, dyes, optical brighteners, conductivity agents and mixtures thereof.

According to one embodiment, the at least one additive is present in the first and/or second coating color layer in a range from 0.01 wt.% to 5 wt.%, preferably from 0.1 wt.% to 2 wt.%, based on the total dry mass of the respective coating color layer. This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageous optimization of the applicability and/or the properties of the at least one first and/or second coating color layer can be achieved.

According to one embodiment, the at least one second coating color layer comprises an inorganic pigment, which is preferably selected from the group comprising natural calcium carbonates (GCC, ground calcium carbonate), precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC, precipitated calcium carbonate), aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxides, silicas, in particular precipitated and pyrogenic silicas, diatomaceous earths, magnesium carbonates, titanium oxide, bentonite and clay, preferably clay, talc or kaolin.

Preferably, the inorganic pigment of the at least one second coating color layer is platelet-shaped.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one second coating color layer has an aspect ratio of 5 to 100, preferably of 15 to 100, more preferably of 20 to 80.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one second coating color layer has a particle size distribution of 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm.

According to one embodiment, the at least one second coating color layer has a pigment volume concentration (PVC) which is less than a critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) in order to obtain a continuous three-dimensional film.

This provides the technical advantage that the second coating layer has a relatively low pigment volume concentration (PVC) below the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC), so that the binder can bind the pigments within can be effectively embedded within the second coating layer, thereby obtaining a continuous second coating layer without any noticeable voids, which nevertheless has advantageous properties.

According to one embodiment, the inorganic pigment of the at least one second coating color layer is present in a range of 1 wt.% to 85 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.% to 50 wt.%, and most preferably 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, based on the total dry mass of the second coating color layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that a particularly advantageous viscosity of the second coating color can be set by the addition of inorganic pigment, which improves the processability of the second coating color when producing the second coating color layer.

According to one embodiment, the at least one second coating color layer does not comprise any polymer, in particular no casein.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a sealability according to the standard DIN 55529 (2012).

In particular, the coated paper was sealed at 3 bar for 0.3 seconds in the temperature range from 100 °C to 200 °C across the paper grain and the seal seam strength was measured.

This provides the technical advantage that the packaging material is not only suitable as wrapping paper or wrapper, but can also be used to produce closed packaging (e.g. bags).

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a heat-sealable or a cold-sealable packaging material. A heat-sealable packaging material is understood in particular to mean the connection of two layers of the packaging material by means of local heat and/or pressure. A cold-sealable packaging material in particular comprises applying a cold-seal adhesive to the section of the packaging material to be sealed using a printing process. In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a packaging material that can be sealed using ultrasound.

According to one embodiment, the polysaccharide, preferably pullulan, in the second coating layer is crystalline or semi-crystalline in order to provide a barrier layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that the crystalline or semi-crystalline structure of the polysaccharide or pullulan can provide an advantageous barrier within the second coating layer.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a grease-tightness according to the standard DIN 53116.

This provides the technical advantage that the environmentally friendly packaging material is ideal for packaging fatty foods.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a KIT value according to the Tappi T 559 standard of more than 10, preferably more than 12.

The KIT value of more than 10, preferably more than 12, determined according to the Tappi T 559 standard characterizes particularly advantageous barrier properties of the environmentally friendly packaging material and thus ensures, especially in the case of packaged fatty foods, that no fatty components of the food penetrate through the packaging material. This makes the packaging material particularly suitable for packaging food, especially fatty foods, and complies with existing legal standards regarding food packaging in Europe and/or in individual European countries.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has an oxygen permeability at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and a humidity of 0% according to the standard DIN ISO 15105-1 of less than 10 cm ³ per m ² per day, preferably less than 8 cm ³ per m ² per day, and more preferably less than 5 cm ³ per m ² per day, and most preferably less than 1 cm ³ per m ² per day.

This achieves the technical advantage that, due to the advantageous oxygen barrier properties, perishable goods such as food can be stored for a longer period of time using the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a crease resistance of an external crease of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a folding roll weighing 3.28 kg and 10 cm wide, and/or the environmentally friendly packaging material has a crease resistance of an internal crease of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a folding roll weighing 3.28 kg and 10 cm wide.

This achieves the technical advantage that a corresponding resistance to creasing enables the packaging material to be used in wrapping packaging. In particular, the resistance to creasing of the outer crease and/or the inner crease after folding is determined by visual analysis and evaluation of the crease under a scanning electron microscope, if necessary with a subsequent grease test in accordance with the DIN 53116 standard. According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has an aroma resistance according to a hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) of 0.001 g per m ² per day to 0.005 g per m ² per day.

This provides the technical advantage that effective aroma retention of the environmentally friendly packaging material can be achieved.

In particular, the hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) is carried out gravimetrically, using cups in accordance with the DIN 53122-1 standard, which are filled with n-hexane and the sample is clamped in the cup with the coated side facing the n-hexane. The hexane loss is determined by weighing the cup several times over a period of 24 hours at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and a humidity of 50% over a defined area.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a food-safe environmentally friendly packaging material, wherein the food-safe environmentally friendly packaging material in particular meets the standard EN 1186 and/or the standard EN 13130.

The European standard EN 1186 and/or the European standard EN 13130 lays down clear rules regarding the permissible migration of components of packaging material into food. The fact that the food-safe packaging material according to the present invention complies with the corresponding standard guarantees sufficient food safety.

According to one embodiment, the packaging material is designed as a foldable packaging material.

This achieves the technical advantage that a foldable packaging material can be easily and advantageously folded around the goods to be packaged during a packaging process and that the correspondingly folded packaging material retains the folded shape after the packaging process in order to ensure effective packaging of the goods to be packaged. According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a basis weight of less than 150 g/m ² , preferably less than 120 g/m ² , even more preferably less than 100 g/m ² , wherein most preferably the basis weight of the environmentally friendly packaging material is between 70 and 80 g/m ² .

This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageous packaging material designed as packaging paper can be obtained.

According to one embodiment, the first and/or second coating color layer each has a basis weight of less than 20 g/m ² , preferably less than 15 g/m ² , and wherein the first and/or second coating color layer most preferably each has a basis weight of 3 g/m ² to 15 g/m ² .

This achieves the technical advantage that an effective first and/or second coating layer can be provided. A correspondingly low basis weight of the first and/or second coating layer ensures in particular that fewer soluble components are available in relation to the entire packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the at least one second coating color layer comprises at least one preservative, and wherein the preservative preferably comprises a diol, most preferably bronopol.

This provides the technical advantage of achieving a longer durability of at least one second coating layer.

Preferably, the at least one second coating layer does not comprise dodine and other guanidine salts as a preservative, wherein in particular unavoidable traces of dodine and other guanidine salts may be present in the at least one second coating layer. This means that particularly strict environmental standards can be met, such as Demeter-compliant packaging.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has at least one intermediate layer which is arranged between the at least one first coating color layer and the at least one second coating color layer.

In particular, the at least one intermediate layer comprises at least one binder and at least one pigment, in particular at least one inorganic pigment.

This provides the technical advantage that, depending on the choice of material, the intermediate layer can advantageously improve the structural stability and the barrier effect of the packaging material.

In particular, the at least one comprises at least one natural polymer, wherein the natural polymer is preferably selected from the group comprising at least one polysaccharide, more preferably pullulan, chitosan, starch, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and/or hydroxyethylcellulose, proteins, more preferably casein, butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, acrylic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and mixtures thereof, and wherein the natural polymer most preferably comprises exclusively starch.

For the further selections of the binder and/or for the inorganic pigment of the intermediate layer, the same preferred selections apply as for the inorganic pigment of the first and second coating layers.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has at least one cover layer which is arranged outside the at least one second coating color layer. According to one embodiment, the cover layer contains at least one of the following components selected from a coating color, an ink, a sealing medium and an adhesive.

The packaging material according to the invention can also be metallized in the nanometer range, for example with Al2O3 or Al. The packaging material according to the invention is further preferably characterized in that the at least one cover layer comprises metals, in particular aluminum, and/or metal oxides, in particular aluminum oxide and/or silicon oxide.

Additional layers can in particular reduce the permeability of the packaging material according to the invention for other gases and/or form barriers for liquids or viscous substances such as fats, oils, hydrocarbons.

The at least one cover layer can in particular: a) comprise at least one hydrophobic polymer, e.g. based on a polyacrylate, a styrene/butadiene copolymer and/or a polyolefin; b) comprise at least one hydrophilic polymer, e.g. based on a polyvinyl alcohol; c) comprise at least one inorganic pigment and a binder; d) comprise amorphous and crystalline regions; e) contain or consist of substances selected from the group comprising lipophilic substances, paraffins, in particular hard paraffins, waxes, in particular microcrystalline waxes, waxes based on vegetable oils or fats, vegetable waxes, animal waxes, low molecular weight polyolefins, polyterpenes, and mixtures thereof; f) reduce or prevent the transfer of substances, in particular hydrophobic substances, e.g. substances according to point e) above, for example to prevent or reduce the transfer of substances from underlying layers to a food, in particular a fatty food; g) be at least heat- or cold-sealable; h) comprise at least one adhesive; i) comprise or consist of at least one thermoplastic material, in particular a heat-sealable material.

This provides the technical advantage that the top layer ensures effective protection of the second coating layer against external influences.

According to one embodiment, the at least one first coating color layer and the at least one second coating color layer are arranged on the first side of the carrier substrate of the environmentally friendly packaging material, wherein in particular a backside coating color layer is arranged on the second side of the carrier substrate.

In particular, the at least one backside coating color layer is designed analogously to the at least one first coating color layer, so that in this case all the selections already mentioned for the at least one first coating color layer also apply analogously to the backside coating color layer.

In particular, the at least one backside coating layer comprises a binder, so that in this case all the previously mentioned selections for binders also apply analogously to the binder of the backside coating layer.

In particular, the at least one backside coating layer comprises an adhesive layer.

This provides the technical advantage that the backside coating layer provides the possibility of labelling or printing on the backside or second side of the carrier substrate of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

Process for producing an environmentally friendly packaging material

According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising the following Method steps: providing a carrier substrate which has a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; applying at least one first coating color to the first and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the first coating color comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the first coating color comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; drying the at least one first coating color in order to obtain at least one first coating color layer arranged on the carrier substrate; applying at least one second coating color to the at least one first coating color layer, wherein the second coating color comprises 10% by weight to 95% by weight of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the second coating color, 1% by weight to 90% by weight of at least one rheological agent, in particular a polyol, based on the total dry mass of the second coating color, and at least one liquid, in particular water; and drying the at least one second coating color in order to obtain at least one second coating color layer arranged on the at least one first coating color layer.

This achieves the technical advantage of providing an advantageous production of an environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the application of the at least one first coating color and/or the application of the at least one second coating color is carried out by a large-scale industrial coating machine, wherein the large-scale industrial coating machine in particular has a production speed of more than 1000 meters per minute.

This provides the technical advantage that large quantities of packaging material can be provided within a short period of time.

According to one embodiment, the application of the first and/or second coating color is carried out by means of a curtain coating process or by means of a doctor blade coating process. It is preferred that the application of the first and/or second coating color is carried out by means of a double-curtain coating process at an operating speed of the coating system of at least 200 m/min.

This process is particularly advantageous from an economic point of view and due to the uniform application across the paper web.

In the curtain coating process, a freely falling curtain of a coating dispersion is formed. The coating dispersion, which is in the form of a thin film (curtain), is "poured" onto a substrate by free fall in order to apply the coating dispersion to the substrate. DE 10 196 052 TI discloses the use of the curtain coating process in the production of information recording materials, whereby multilayer recording layers are realized by applying the curtain, consisting of several coating dispersion films, to substrates.

According to one embodiment, the drying of the first and/or second coating color is carried out at a temperature between 60°C and 140°C, preferably between 70°C and 120°C.

According to one embodiment, the drying of the first and/or second coating color is carried out for a period of 1 to 10 seconds.

According to one embodiment, the drying of the first and/or second coating color is carried out at a curing pressure of 0.2 bar to 3 bar, preferably at a curing pressure of 0.9 bar to 1.1 bar.

According to one embodiment, the first and/or second coating color is degassed with stirring for a period of 2 minutes to 10 minutes, preferably for a period of 4 minutes, before application.

According to one embodiment, the application of the first and/or second coating color is carried out at a temperature between 15 °C and 30 °C. According to one embodiment, after application of the first and/or second coating color, an application weight of at least 6 g/m ² of the respective first and/or second coating color is achieved.

The embodiments given for the packaging material according to the first aspect are also embodiments for the method for producing the packaging material according to the second aspect and vice versa.

Environmentally friendly packaging material can be produced by a process

According to a third aspect, the invention is solved by an environmentally friendly packaging material producible by a method according to the second aspect.

The embodiments given for the packaging material according to the first aspect and for the method for producing the packaging material according to the second aspect are also embodiments for the packaging material according to the third aspect.

use of environmentally friendly packaging material

According to a fourth aspect, the invention is solved by using an environmentally friendly packaging material according to the first and/or third aspect as packaging, in particular for consumer goods, food, electronic articles and/or tobacco products.

The packaging includes in particular wrap-around packaging, tubular bags, lids on a cup or bowl, banderoles, and/or general primary and secondary packaging.

In particular, the packaging is designed as an inner packaging, which is used, for example, as a replacement for a metallized inner packaging. The embodiments given for the packaging material according to the first aspect and for the method for producing the packaging material according to the second aspect are also embodiments for the use of the packaging material according to the fourth aspect.

Second coat of paint

According to a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a second coating color for the indirect or direct coating of a first coating color layer, which is applied to a first carrier substrate, comprising 10% by weight to 95% by weight of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the second coating color; 1% by weight to 90% by weight of at least one rheological agent, in particular a polyol, based on the total dry mass of the second coating color; and at least one liquid, in particular water; wherein the second coating color has a viscosity between 50 mPas and 2000 mPas, preferably between 150 mPas and 1300 mPas, and wherein the viscosity of the coating color is adjusted by the weight ratio of the at least one polysaccharide to the at least one rheological agent, in particular the polyol.

This achieves the technical advantage that a corresponding second coating color is suitable for producing a particularly environmentally friendly packaging material which has advantageous barrier properties.

By adjusting the viscosity of the second coating color between 50 mPas and 2000 mPas, preferably between 150 mPas and 1300 mPas, based on the weight ratio of the at least one polysaccharide to the at least one rheological agent, in particular polyol, a very high production throughput of the packaging materials produced can be ensured, depending on the type of application used, by using large-scale industrial coating machines.

In addition, the second coating colour can be applied using a curtain coating process (“Coating Curtain process), which can only be used with very low viscosities of the applied coating color.

According to one embodiment, the viscosity of the second coating color is determined by the weight ratio of the at least one polysaccharide to the at least one rheological agent, in particular polyol, and the viscosity of the coating color is adjusted in that the at least one polysaccharide has different number average degrees of polymerization X _n .

This achieves the technical advantage that the viscosity of the second coating color is adjusted not only by adding different weight proportions of at least one polysaccharide and at least one rheological agent, in particular polyol, but also by varying the ratio of the degrees of polymerization of the at least one polysaccharide, which also allows an adjustment of the viscosity of the second coating color.

According to one embodiment, the viscosity of the second coating color is between 200 mPas and 400 mPas or between 800 mPas and 1300 mPas.

This achieves the technical advantage that a viscosity of the second coating color between 200 mPas and 400 mPas enables the use of the second coating color in a curtain coating application process, and that a viscosity of the second coating color between 800 mPas and 1300 mPas enables the use of the second coating color in a doctor blade coating process.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the coating color has a number average degree of polymerization X _n of at least 100, in particular of at least 150, wherein the number average degree of polymerization X _n is determined using the following formula: X _n = M _n / M _m , wherein M _n corresponds to the number average molar mass of the at least one polysaccharide, and wherein M _m corresponds to the molar mass of a monomer unit of the at least one polysaccharide. According to one embodiment, the second coating color is present as an aqueous solution, as an aqueous dispersion or as an aqueous emulsion.

According to one embodiment, the weight proportion of the at least one polysaccharide of the second coating color is set such that a paper coated with the second coating color after drying the second coating color to obtain a second coating color layer: a) has an oxygen permeability at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and an air humidity of less than 0% according to the standard DIN ISO 15105-1 of less than 10 cm ³ per m ² per day, preferably less than 8 cm ³ per m ² per day, and more preferably less than 5 cm ³ per m ² per day, and most preferably less than 1 cm ³ per m ² per day, and/or b) has a greaseproofness according to the standard DIN 53116, and/or c) a KIT value according to the standard Tappi 559 of more than 10, preferably more than 12, and/or d) a bending resistance of an external bend of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding the environmentally friendly packaging material with a 3.28 kg and 10 cm wide folding roll, and/or has a creasing resistance of an internal crease of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a 3.28 kg and 10 cm wide folding roll, and/or e) has a sealability in accordance with the standard DIN 55529 (2012), and/or f) has an aroma resistance according to a hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) of 0.001 g per m ² per day to 0.005 g per m ² per day.

The embodiments given for the packaging material according to the first aspect and for the method for producing the packaging material according to the second aspect and for the use of the packaging material according to The embodiments given in the fourth aspect are also embodiments for the second coating color according to the fifth aspect and vice versa.

EXAMPLES

In the experiments described in detail below, different packaging materials were produced by applying aqueous solutions of the respective coating colors to a carrier substrate to form a composite structure with corresponding coating color layers, whereby a corresponding packaging material or composite structure is also referred to below as a "coated paper". In addition, parameters of the packaging materials and the coating colors were also investigated and evaluated in the experiments described in detail below.

measurement methods

The following measurement methods were used in the experiments described in detail below.

The basis weight, or the application weight of a layer, was determined by differential weighing between an uncoated carrier substrate and the carrier substrate coated with the layer.

The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the respective packaging materials was determined according to DIN ISO 15105-1 using a Brügger Gas Transmission Tester (GTT) at room temperature (23°C ± 2°C) and at an air humidity of 0%.

The resistance to external folding or internal folding of the respective packaging materials was determined after folding with a 10 cm wide and 3.28 kg folding roll by visual analysis of the external folding or internal folding using a scanning electron microscope, if necessary with a subsequent grease resistance test according to standard 513116. The grease-tightness of the respective packaging materials was tested according to standard 513116 using a palm kernel oil grease test.

The viscosity of each coating color was determined using a Brookfield DV II+Potential viscometer with spindle 34 at a constant temperature between 30°C and 40°C according to DIN 53019.

The aroma tightness or mineral oil tightness of the respective packaging materials was determined by gravimetric determination of the hexane vapor transmission rate (HVTR) using permeability tests of hexane over a period of 24 hours. The hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) is carried out gravimetrically, using cups in accordance with the DIN 53122-1 standard, which are filled with n-hexane and the sample is clamped in the cup with the coated side facing the n-hexane. The hexane loss is determined by weighing the cup several times over a period of 24 hours at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and a humidity of 50% over a defined area.

The sealability of the respective packaging materials was determined according to the standard DIN 55529 (2012), whereby the coated paper was sealed at 3 bar for 0.3 seconds in the temperature range from 100 °C to 200 °C transverse to the paper grain direction and the seal seam strength was measured.

If a qualitative assessment of parameters determined within the framework of the corresponding measurement methods is carried out, an assessment is made based on the categories “poor (-)”, “average (0)”, “good (+)” or “very good (++)”.

manufacturing process

To produce the respective packaging materials, a corresponding coating color, in particular an aqueous coating color, was applied to a first side of a carrier substrate made of cellulose, size DIN A3, in an amount of 5 to 10 ml using a film applicator with doctor bars from Erichsen (RK K303 Multicoater) at room temperature. The doctor bars used were selected so that the desired application weight of the respective coating layer was obtained.

After application of the respective coating color, the respective packaging materials were attached to cardboard with a magnet to prevent the paper from rolling up and dried for a period of 3 minutes in a Memmert convection oven (setting: 50% flap; 50% fan) at a temperature of 105 °C in order to obtain the corresponding coating color layer.

If several coating layers were applied to the carrier substrate, the corresponding application and drying process was repeated in order to apply the individual coating layers one after the other to the carrier substrate or to the previously applied dried coating layer.

The at least one first coating color applied directly to the carrier substrate comprises either at least one polymeric binder, such as starch, and at least one inorganic pigment, such as clay, or at least one polymeric binder, such as starch, and no inorganic pigment. The at least one first coating color applied directly to the carrier substrate forms the at least one first coating color layer after drying.

The at least one second coating color is applied directly or indirectly to the dried at least one first coating color layer according to the experiments described below, and then dried to obtain the at least one second coating color layer.

The polysaccharide used in the embodiments for the second coating color comprises exclusively food-grade pullulan, which was purchased from Hayashibara Co. Ltd. and used without pretreatment.

To prepare the second coating color, the pullulan was dissolved in distilled water while stirring and, depending on the specific experiment, at least one polyol, in particular xylitol and/or sorbitol, was added. The The second coating colour was degassed while stirring with a Hausschild SpeedMixer at a stirring speed of 2000 revolutions per minute for 4 minutes.

Experiments 1 to 3 - First coating layer

In Experiments 1 to 3, packaging materials not according to the invention were subsequently investigated, which comprise carrier substrates on which only at least one first coating color layer is arranged, but on which no second coating color layer comprising at least one polysaccharide and at least one polyol was applied.

For Experiment 1, the carrier substrate was coated with an aqueous first coating color comprising starch to obtain the first coating color layer with a basis weight of 4 g/m ² (“starch”). For Experiment 2, the carrier substrate was coated with an aqueous first coating color comprising clay and styrene-acrylate latex to obtain the first coating color layer with a basis weight of 4 g/m ² (“clay”).

For Experiment 3, the carrier substrate was coated twice with an aqueous first coating color comprising clay and styrene-acrylate latex to obtain two superimposed first coating layers each with a basis weight of 4 g/m ² (“double clay”).

For the packaging materials according to Experiments 1 to 3, the oxygen permeability (OTR), the grease tightness and the kink resistance of an inner and outer kink were investigated and qualitatively evaluated according to the measurement methods summarized above, with the corresponding results summarized below in Table 1.

Table 1, First coating layer

From the non-inventive experiments 1 to 3 of Table 1 it is clear that the use of at least a first coating color layer alone is not sufficient to ensure sufficiently advantageous barrier properties of the respective packaging materials.

Experiments 5 to 8 - Second coating layer containing only pullulan

According to Experiments 5 to 8, a second aqueous coating color comprising exclusively 20% by weight of pullulan (corresponds to 100% by weight of pullulan based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was applied to a packaging material obtained according to Experiment 2 with a first coating color layer containing clay ("clay"). The applied second coating color was then dried in order to obtain a second coating color layer not according to the invention.

In experiments 5 to 8, the application weight of the second coating color and the drying time of the second coating color were varied between 3 minutes and 2 minutes and 30 seconds, respectively.

According to experiment 5, the second coating color was applied with a coating weight of 6 g/m ² . According to experiment 6, the second coating color was applied with a coating weight of 7 g/m ² . According to experiment 7, the second coating color was applied with a coating weight of 10.5 g/m ² . According to experiment 8, the second coating color was applied with a coating weight of 13 g/m ² . According to experiments 5, 6, 7 and 8, the oxygen permeability (OTR), the aroma tightness and mineral oil tightness using a hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) and the grease tightness of the respective packaging materials were investigated and qualitatively evaluated according to Table 2 below.

Table 2, Second coating layer containing only pullulan

From Experiment 5, it can be concluded that an application weight of 6 g/m ² for the pullulan-based second coating color is already sufficient to achieve a good barrier tightness of the packaging material comprising the second coating color layer.

According to experiment 6, it was also possible to prove that an application weight of the second coating color of 7 g/m ² is sufficient to achieve good oxygen impermeability, or good aroma impermeability, or mineral oil impermeability of the packaging material. As can be seen from experiments 7 and 8, a application weight of the second coating color of 10.5 g/m ² or 13 g/m ² also achieves good oxygen impermeability, or good aroma impermeability, or mineral oil impermeability, or good grease impermeability of the packaging material.

However, the second coating color used in experiments 5, 6, 7 and 8, which comprises 20 wt.% pullulan, has a very high viscosity of 6000 mPas, which makes the use of the second coating color for large-scale application because with such a high viscosity the second coating colour cannot be applied either by a curtain coating process or by means of a doctor blade coating process.

Accordingly, it was subsequently investigated to what extent the viscosity of a corresponding second coating color comprising only pullulan depends on the weight proportion of pullulan in the second coating color.

It has been shown that by reducing the solid content of pullulan in the second coating color from 20 wt.% to 15 wt.% pullulan, a reduction in viscosity to approximately 1250 mPas can be achieved, and that with a solid content of less than 15 wt.% pullulan in the second coating color, viscosities of significantly less than 1000 mPas can be achieved.

However, it has been shown that a solids content of less than 15 wt.% pullulan in the second coating color is not advantageous, since in this case a significantly higher energy expenditure must be applied to dry the second coating color, which economically excludes the large-scale application of such a low-concentration pullulan solution.

In summary, although a second coating color comprising only pullulan enables the production of a second coating color layer with an acceptable barrier effect, the high viscosity of corresponding second coating colors comprising only pullulan excludes large-scale application for the production of packaging materials, so that the corresponding second coating colors according to Experiments 5 to 8 are not according to the invention.

Experiments 9 to 12 - Second coating layer comprising only pullulan on various carrier substrates

The second coating colours used in Experiments 9 to 12 each have a pullulan solids content of 16 wt.% (corresponding to 100 wt.% pullulan based on the total dry mass of the second coating colour) and a viscosity of 2000 mPas, so that these second coating colors are also not suitable for large-scale use in a curtain coating process. Thus, the second coating colors investigated in experiments 9 to 12 are also not in accordance with the invention.

According to Experiment 9 and 10, the second coating color was applied with a coating weight of 5.3 g/m ² and 8.1 g/m ² , respectively, onto a clay-based first coating color layer (see Experiment 2, abbreviation “clay”) and dried.

According to Experiment 11 and 12, the second coating color was applied with a coating weight of 7.1 g/m ² and 9.1 g/m ² , respectively, onto a clay-based double first coating color layer (see Experiment 3, abbreviation “clay double”) and dried.

According to Experiments 9 to 12, the oxygen permeability (OTR), kink resistance and grease resistance of the packaging materials were investigated and qualitatively evaluated according to Table 3 below.

Table 3, Second coating layer comprising only pullulan on various carrier substrates

Experiment 9 shown in Table 3 shows that a coating weight of 5.3 g/m ² for the corresponding second coating layer is too low to obtain a packaging material with effective barrier tightness. From experiments 10, 11 and 12 of Table 3, it can be deduced that even with basis weights of the second coating layer of slightly less than 10 g/m ^{2 ,} good oxygen barrier properties and good greaseproof properties of the corresponding packaging materials can be obtained if at least one first coating layer is arranged between the carrier substrate and the second coating layer.

However, the kink resistance is disadvantageous in the experiments 10 and 12 of Table 3 (experiments 9 and 11 were not investigated with respect to greaseproofness and kink resistance), so that experiments 9 to 12 do not include embodiments according to the invention.

Experiments 15 to 33 - Viscosity of a second coating color comprising pullulan and a polyol

To investigate the influence of the addition of a polyol to a second coating color containing pullulan, the second coating colors with a total solids content of 16 wt.% were investigated with regard to their viscosity properties, whereby different weight proportions of polyols and pullulan were added.

Experiments 16 to 20 and 22 to 26 comprise embodiments according to the invention.

Experiment 15, as a reference, does not include any polyol at 22°C, so that a total solids content of 16 wt.% pullulan (corresponds to 100 wt.% pullulan based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) is present (non-inventive experiment).

Experiment 16 comprises 10 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the coating colour, so that a solid content of 14.4 wt.% pullulan and a solid content of 1.6 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 90 wt.% pullulan and 10 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating colour) are present in the coating colour. Experiment 17 comprises 20 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the coating color, so that a solids content of 12.8 wt.% pullulan and a solids content of 3.2 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 80 wt.% pullulan and 20 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) is present in the coating color. Experiment 18 comprises 30 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the coating color, so that a solids content of 11.2 wt.% pullulan and a solids content of 4.8 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) is present in the coating color. Experiment 19 comprises 40 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the coating color, so that a solids content of 9.6 wt.% pullulan and a solids content of 6.4 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 60 wt.% pullulan and 40 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) is present in the coating color. Experiment 20 comprises 50 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the coating color, so that a solids content of 8 wt.% pullulan and a solids content of 8 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 50 wt.% pullulan and 50 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) is present in the coating color.

Experiment 21, as a reference, does not include any polyol at 30°C. Experiments 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 include the addition of 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 40 wt.%, and 50 wt.% xylitol based on the total dry mass at 30°C, with the solids content in the coating color being determined analogously to sorbitol.

As can be seen from Table 4 below, the viscosity of the second coating color comprising 16 wt.% pullulan decreases significantly with increasing weight proportion of the respective polyol, so that by adding polyol, in particular xylitol or sorbitol, the corresponding second coating color can be advantageously used in large-scale application, depending on the viscosity set, either in a curtain coating process with a viscosity between 200 and 400 mPas or in a doctor blade coating with a viscosity of up to 2000 mPas.

Table 4, Viscosities of a second coating color comprising pullulan and polyol (based on the total dry mass of the coating color)

Subsequently, in the context of the further experiments 27 to 33 according to the invention, it was investigated how the viscosities of the corresponding second coating colors change with varying total solids contents, whereby in experiments 27 to 33 a fixed weight ratio of pullulan to polyol of 70 to 30 based on the total dry mass of the coating color was always used.

In experiment 27, a solution containing 11.2 wt.% pullulan and 4.8 wt.% sorbitol (corresponding to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated at 22 °C. In experiment 28, a solution containing 12.6 wt.% pullulan and 5.4 wt.% sorbitol (corresponding to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated at 22 °C. In experiment 29, a solution containing 14 wt.% % pullulan and 6 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) at 22 °C.

In experiment 30, a solution containing 11.2 wt.% pullulan and 4.8 wt.% xylitol (corresponding to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% xylitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated at 30 °C. In experiment 31, a solution containing 12.6 wt.% pullulan and 5.4 wt.% xylitol (corresponding to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% xylitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated at 30 °C. In experiment 32, a solution containing 14 wt.% pullulan and 6 wt.% xylitol (corresponding to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% xylitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated at 30 °C. In Experiment 33, a solution containing 15.4 wt.% pullulan and 6.6 wt.% xylitol (corresponding to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% xylitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated at 30 °C.

Tabelle 5, Viskositäten einer zweiten Streichfarbe umfassend Pullulan und Polyol As can be seen from Table 5 below according to Experiments 27 to 33, when a polyol is added, a higher total solids content in the respective second coating color can be achieved while at the same time the viscosity of the respective second coating color is acceptable. Experiments 27 to 33 thus show embodiments according to the invention.

Table 5, Viscosities of a second coating color comprising pullulan and polyol

It can thus be shown that by adding a polyol, in particular xylitol or sorbitol, the corresponding second coating color containing pullulan can be advantageously used in large-scale application, depending on the viscosity set, either in a curtain coating process with a viscosity between 200 and 400 mPas or in a doctor blade coating process with a viscosity of up to 2000 mPas.

Experiments 34 to 39 - Crease resistance and grease resistance of a second coating layer comprising pullulan and a polyol

Subsequently, experiments 34 to 39 investigated how the addition of a polyol to corresponding second coating colors comprising pullulan affects the resistance to creasing and greaseproofing of the corresponding packaging materials. The corresponding second coating color was applied to a carrier substrate with two first coating color layers comprising clay (see experiment 3, abbreviation “double clay”) and dried to obtain the second coating color layer.

The following experiments 34 to 54 were carried out with a coating weight of the second coating color of 10 g/m ² (plus/minus 0.2 g/m ² ). Nevertheless, advantageous results are also achieved with a low coating weight of 8 g/m ² or 6 g/m ² .

According to experiment 34, a second coating color containing 14.4 wt.% pullulan and 1.6 wt.% xylitol (corresponds to 90 wt.% pullulan and 10 wt.% xylitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated. According to experiment 35, a second coating color containing 11.2 wt.% pullulan and 4.8 wt.% xylitol (corresponds to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% xylitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated. According to experiment 36, a second coating color containing 9 wt.% pullulan and 9 wt.% xylitol was investigated. coating color (corresponding to 50 wt.% pullulan and 50 wt.% xylitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated.

According to experiment 37, a second coating color containing 14.4 wt.% pullulan and 1.6 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 90 wt.% pullulan and 10 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated. According to experiment 38, a second coating color containing 11.2 wt.% pullulan and 4.8 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated. According to experiment 39, a second coating color containing 9 wt.% pullulan and 9 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 50 wt.% pullulan and 50 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) was investigated.

As can be seen from Table 6 below, when using xylitol (see experiments 34, 35 and 36) a good resistance to creasing of the packaging materials is consistently achieved, and when using xylitol and sorbitol (see all experiments 34 to 39) a good resistance to grease of the packaging materials is consistently achieved.

Tabelle 6, Knickbeständigkeit und Fettdichtigkeit einer zweiten Streichfarbenschicht umfassend Pullulan und Polyol (bezogen auf die gesamte Trockenmasse der Streichfarbe) Thus, Experiments 34 to 39 comprise embodiments of the invention.

Table 6, Crease resistance and grease resistance of a second coating layer comprising pullulan and polyol (based on the total dry mass of the coating)

Experiments 40 to 50 - Sealability of a second coating layer comprising pullulan and a polyol

Subsequently, within the framework of experiments 40 to 50, it was investigated how the addition of polyol to corresponding second coating colors comprising pullulan affects the sealability of the corresponding packaging materials obtained, whereby in the framework of experiments 40 to 50, the respective second coating colors also have a total solids content of 16 wt.% and only the ratio of pullulan to polyol is changed. Here, the corresponding second coating color was applied to a base paper with two first coating color layers according to experiment 2 ("double tone") and dried in order to obtain the corresponding second coating color layer.

According to experiment 40, a second coating color containing 16 wt. % pullulan and no polyol was used, and the resulting second coating color layer was examined for sealability. According to experiments 41 and 42, a second coating color containing 14.4 wt. % pullulan and 1.6 wt. % xylitol or sorbitol was used (corresponds to 90 wt. % pullulan and 10 wt. % xylitol or sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) and the resulting second coating color layer was examined for sealability. According to experiments 43 and 44, a second coating color containing 12.8 wt. % pullulan and 3.2 wt. % xylitol or sorbitol was used (corresponds to 80 wt. % pullulan and 20 wt. % xylitol or sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color) and the resulting second coating color layer was examined for sealability.

According to experiment 45 or 46, a second coating containing 11.2 wt.% pullulan and 4.8 wt.% xylitol or sorbitol was used (corresponding to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% xylitol or sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating) and the resulting second coating layer was tested with regard to Sealability was investigated. According to experiment 47 or 48, a second coating color containing 9.6 wt.% pullulan and 6.4 wt.% xylitol or sorbitol was used (corresponds to 60 wt.% pullulan and 40 wt.% xylitol or sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color), and the resulting second coating color layer was investigated for sealability. According to experiment 49 or 50, a second coating color containing 8 wt.% pullulan and 8 wt.% xylitol or sorbitol was used (corresponds to 50 wt.% pullulan and 50 wt.% xylitol or sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color), and the resulting second coating color layer was investigated for sealability.

Tabelle 7, Heißsiegelbarkeit einer zweiten Streichfarbenschicht umfassend Pullulan und Polyol (bezogen auf die gesamte Trockenmasse der Streichfarbe) From the following experiments 40 to 50 according to Table 7, it can be advantageously seen that with an increasing proportion of polyol in the second coating layer, the sealability increases, so that an advantageous and inventive use of packaging materials is ensured. In addition, the comparison of xylitol with sorbitol shows that slightly better sealability is achieved when xylitol is used. Experiments 40 to 50 thus comprise embodiments according to the invention.

Table 7, Heat sealability of a second coating layer comprising pullulan and polyol (based on the total dry mass of the coating)

Experiments 51 to 54 - Oxygen barrier properties of a second coating layer comprising pullulan and a polyol

According to further experiments 51, 52, 53 and 54, the oxygen barrier properties of a second coating layer comprising pullulan and a polyol were investigated, wherein the respective second coating color for producing the second coating layer has a total solids content of 16 wt.%.

According to experiment 51, the second coating color comprises 11.2 wt.% pullulan and 4.8 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color). According to experiment 52, the second coating color comprises 12.4 wt.% pullulan and 3.6 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 80 wt.% pullulan and 20 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color). According to experiment 53, the second coating color comprises 9.6 wt.% pullulan and 6.4 wt.% sorbitol (corresponds to 60 wt.% pullulan and 40 wt.% sorbitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color). According to Experiment 54, the second coating color comprises 11.2 wt.% pullulan and 4.8 wt.% xylitol (corresponding to 70 wt.% pullulan and 30 wt.% xylitol based on the total dry mass of the second coating color).

From the following experiments 51, 52, 53 and 54 according to Table 8, it can be advantageously seen that with a combination of polyol and pullulan in the second coating layer, an advantageous oxygen barrier can be achieved by the corresponding packaging material, so that the experiments 51 to 54 represent embodiments according to the invention.

Table 8: Oxygen barrier properties of a second coating layer comprising pullulan and polyol (based on the total dry mass of the coating)

In summary, the experiments according to the invention show that by adding at least one polyol, such as sorbitol and/or xylitol, the viscosity of a second coating color based on a polysaccharide, such as pullulan, can be advantageously adjusted such that the corresponding second coating color can be advantageously applied to a carrier substrate on an industrial scale both in a curtain coating process with low viscosity requirements in a range of 200 to 400 mPas and in a doctor blade coating process with viscosities of up to 2000 mPas, which cannot be achieved by a second coating color comprising only pullulan.

In addition, a second coating color according to the invention comprising at least one rheological agent, in particular polyol, and at least one polysaccharide ensures that the second coating color layer obtained after drying of the second coating color has an advantageously low oxygen permeability, an advantageously high grease impermeability and an advantageously high kink resistance, wherein the second coating color layer is also sealable, so that an environmentally friendly packaging for packaging a wide variety of consumer goods, foodstuffs or tobacco products can be obtained, which is made from natural materials and is advantageously biodegradable and recyclable. Furthermore, it was shown that by using at least a first coating layer between the carrier substrate and the second coating layer, the application weight of the second coating layer can be advantageously reduced, while still ensuring an advantageous barrier effect of the second coating layer.

Claims

1. Environmentally friendly packaging material, comprising: a carrier substrate which has a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; at least one first coating layer which is arranged on the first side and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the at least one first coating layer comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the at least one first coating layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; and at least one second coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one first coating layer, wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises 10% by weight to 95% by weight of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the at least one second coating layer, and wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises 1% by weight to 90% by weight of at least one rheology agent, in particular a polyol, based on the total dry mass of the at least one second coating layer. 2. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to claim 1, wherein the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a biodegradable environmentally friendly packaging material. 3. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a recyclable environmentally friendly packaging material, wherein the recyclable environmentally friendly packaging material in particular complies with the standard PTS-RH 021:2012- Category II and/or the standard Aticelca UNI 11743 (certification body Aticelca) and/or the standard Aticelca MC 501:2019 (Aticelca). 4. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier substrate comprises pulp, and wherein the carrier substrate in particular comprises cellulose fibers. 5. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier substrate is selected from the group comprising uncoated papers, single-side coated papers, and double-side coated papers. 6. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one polymeric binder comprises at least one natural polymer, wherein the natural polymer is preferably selected from the group comprising at least one polysaccharide, more preferably pullulan, chitosan, starch, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and/or hydroxyethylcellulose, proteins, more preferably casein, butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, acrylic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and mixtures thereof, and wherein the natural polymer most preferably comprises exclusively starch. 7. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one polysaccharide comprises at least one natural polysaccharide, wherein the at least one natural polysaccharide is preferably selected from the group comprising hemicellulose, cellulose, starch, alginate, chitosan, pullulan, dextran, agarose and mixtures thereof, wherein the at least one natural polysaccharide more preferably comprises pullulan, chitosan and/or alginate, and wherein the at least one natural polysaccharide most preferably comprises exclusively pullulan. 8. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one rheological agent is selected from the group comprising: a) sugar alcohols selected from the group comprising: diglycerol, triglycerol, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, mannose, fructose, ribose, xylose, D-mannitol, triacetin, and mixtures thereof; b) polyols selected from the group comprising: pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, erythritol, xylitol, glycerol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof; c) diols selected from the group comprising: methylpentanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol and mixtures thereof; d) Glycols selected from the group comprising: polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 2000, alkoxylated polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof; e) caprolactam, cyclic trimethylolpropane, resin esters and mixtures thereof, f) fatty acids, in particular stearic acid, and/or fatty acid amides, in particular erucamide, stearic acid amide and/or palmitic acid amide, and mixtures thereof; mixtures of subgroups a) to f) are included. The polyols preferably comprise xylitol and/or sorbitol, the polyols most preferably comprising exclusively xylitol. 9. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the environmentally friendly packaging material contains a maximum of 5% by weight, more preferably a maximum of 2.5% by weight, even more preferably a maximum of 1% by weight, additionally even more preferably a maximum of 0.1% by weight and most preferably a maximum of 0.01% by weight of plastic, wherein the plastic is defined as a polymer to which possible may have additives and other substances added to it and which can act as the main structural component of finished products, excluding natural polymers that have not been chemically modified. 10. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the environmentally friendly packaging material comprises a maximum of 60 wt.%, preferably a maximum of 50 wt.%, more preferably a maximum of 40 wt.% and most preferably a maximum of 20 wt.% of the first and second coating color layers based on the total weight of the environmentally friendly packaging material. 11. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and/or second coating color layer comprises at least one excipient, wherein the at least one excipient preferably comprises a natural surfactant, most preferably saponins and/or phospholipids. 12. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the environmentally friendly packaging material has a sealability according to the standard DIN 55529 (2012). 13. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one polysaccharide, preferably pullulan, is present in the second coating layer in crystalline or semi-crystalline form in order to provide a barrier layer which provides a particularly high barrier effect against fat, oxygen and flavourings. 14. A process for producing an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising the following process steps: Providing a carrier substrate having a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; Application of at least one first coating color to the first and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the first coating color contains at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the first coating color comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; drying the at least one first coating color to obtain at least one first coating color layer arranged on the carrier substrate, Applying at least one second coating color to the at least one first coating color layer, wherein the second coating color comprises 10 wt.% to 95 wt.% of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the second coating color, 1 wt.% to 90 wt.% of at least one rheological agent, in particular a polyol, based on the total dry mass of the second coating color, and at least one liquid, in particular water; and Drying the at least one second coating color to obtain at least one second coating color layer arranged on the at least one first coating color layer. 15. A second coating color for the indirect or direct coating of a first coating color layer which is applied to a first carrier substrate, comprising: 10% to 95% by weight of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the second coating color; 1 wt.% to 90 wt.% of at least one rheological agent, in particular a polyol, based on the total dry mass of the second coating color; and at least one liquid, in particular water; wherein the second coating color has a viscosity between 50 mPas and 2000 mPas, preferably between 150 mPas and 1300 mPas, and wherein the viscosity of the 5 Coating color is adjusted by the weight ratio of the at least one polysaccharide to the at least one rheological agent, in particular polyol.