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WO2024251445A1 - Vitre de véhicule photovoltaïque avec isolation sous vide - Google Patents

Vitre de véhicule photovoltaïque avec isolation sous vide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024251445A1
WO2024251445A1 PCT/EP2024/062422 EP2024062422W WO2024251445A1 WO 2024251445 A1 WO2024251445 A1 WO 2024251445A1 EP 2024062422 W EP2024062422 W EP 2024062422W WO 2024251445 A1 WO2024251445 A1 WO 2024251445A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
layer
vehicle window
insulating glazing
vacuum insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2024/062422
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Yahya MOTEMANI SHARABIANI
Siyamak MEMAR JAVID
Marine ZILLER
Sebastian ARENDT
Valentin SCHULZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of WO2024251445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024251445A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
    • H10F19/807—Double-glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B32B3/085—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts spaced apart pieces on the surface of a layer
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
    • H10F19/804—Materials of encapsulations
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle window which is equipped with at least one photovoltaic component and a vacuum insulating glazing, and to the use thereof.
  • glazing can be equipped with photovoltaic components to generate electrical energy.
  • W003028114A2 discloses insulating glazing with a photovoltaic module. Insulating glazing is used in particular as building glazing.
  • VOG vacuum insulating glazing
  • WO2011149509A2 discloses a vacuum insulating glazing with a plurality of thermoelectric modules in the evacuated space between the panes, which is equipped with photovoltaic components on the interior side.
  • CN101245686A and CN204809235U disclose building glazing with photovoltaic components and vacuum insulating glazing.
  • CN207441721 U discloses a solar cell that is combined with vacuum insulation.
  • Glazing with photovoltaic components can also be of interest in the vehicle sector, particularly as a vehicle roof window.
  • the photovoltaic components can be used, for example, to charge the on-board battery or to power electrical consumers. This is becoming increasingly important, particularly in connection with electric vehicles.
  • EP1036683A2 discloses a vehicle roof window that is designed as a single pane of glass and is equipped with a solar cell assembly on the interior side.
  • Vehicle roof windows are often designed as composite panes, comprising an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the photovoltaic Components are embedded in the intermediate layer, as is known for example from WO2013182398A1 and WO2013182399A1.
  • the thermal comfort in the vehicle can be negatively affected by the photovoltaic components.
  • a photovoltaic component absorbs visible light and/or infrared radiation in order to convert it into electrical energy.
  • the photovoltaic component heats up considerably, which represents an additional thermal load. This increases the total solar energy radiated in (composed of the directly radiated energy and the indirectly radiated energy as thermal radiation after heating up window components, typically characterized as the TTS value).
  • CN113871502A discloses a vacuum insulating glazing with an integrated photovoltaic component, which can be used as a vehicle window.
  • CN204809235U discloses a laminated pane for use in buildings, which comprises, in the order given, an outer pane, a thermoplastic layer, a photovoltaic component, a thermoplastic layer and a vacuum insulating glazing.
  • EP0382060B1 and CN203951415U disclose composite panes with photovoltaic components and aerogel layers.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing an improved vehicle window with at least one integrated photovoltaic component, which has a low heat input and ensures a high level of thermal comfort.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a vehicle window according to independent claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.
  • the vehicle window according to the invention comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another in a planar manner. At least one photovoltaic component is embedded in the vehicle window between the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the vehicle window also has vacuum insulating glazing.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are spaced apart from one another by means of spacers, so that a gap is formed between the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the outer pane of the vacuum insulating glazing faces the outer pane of the composite pane, the inner pane faces away from the outer pane. The gap between the outer pane and the inner pane is evacuated.
  • the invention can basically be implemented in two different variants.
  • a first variant also referred to as “variant (i)”
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is embedded in the composite pane between the outer pane and the inner pane, with the vacuum insulating glazing having a smaller distance from the inner pane than the at least one photovoltaic component.
  • the inner pane of the composite pane also forms the inner pane of the vacuum insulating glazing.
  • the outer pane is not part of the vacuum insulating glazing in either of the two variants.
  • the present invention is based on the idea of providing vacuum insulating glazing on the interior side of the photovoltaic component in the vehicle window. Due to the heat-insulating properties of the vacuum insulating glazing, the heat input through the vehicle window is reduced, in particular the emissivity of the vehicle window on the interior side. The heat radiation of the heated photovoltaic component in the direction of the inner window is reduced. The vacuum insulating glazing is very light, so that the total weight of the vehicle window remains comparatively low.
  • the vehicle window according to the invention is designed as a type of composite window and is also referred to below as a composite window.
  • the outer window is connected to the vacuum insulating glazing via an intermediate layer.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is embedded in the intermediate layer.
  • the vehicle pane (window pane of a vehicle) is intended to separate the vehicle interior from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle.
  • the inner pane refers to the pane facing the interior.
  • the outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside surface and an inside surface and a circumferential side edge surface running between them.
  • the outside surface refers to the main surface which is intended to face the outside environment and the sun in the installed position.
  • the inside surface refers to the main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position.
  • the inside surface of the outer pane and the outside surface of the inner pane face each other and are connected to each other.
  • the outer pane of the vacuum insulating glazing When installed, the outer pane of the vacuum insulating glazing also faces the outside environment and the outer pane.
  • the inner pane of the vacuum insulating glazing faces the interior and, in variant (i), the inner pane.
  • the vehicle window pane (window pane of a vehicle) can also be referred to as vehicle glazing.
  • the vehicle window pane is particularly preferably a vehicle roof window.
  • a photovoltaic component in the sense of the invention is a one-piece electrical component for generating electrical energy or electrical current by means of the photovoltaic effect.
  • the photovoltaic component is handled as a single component and preferably has only two electrical connections (two electrical poles, so to speak "plus and minus pole"), via which the component as a whole is electrically contacted.
  • the photovoltaic component can also be referred to as a photovoltaic element or solar element.
  • a photovoltaic cell in the sense of the invention is the smallest possible photovoltaic unit, comprising a single photovoltaically active absorber layer between a single front electrode and a single back electrode. The photovoltaic cell is not further subdivided structurally.
  • the photovoltaic cell can also be referred to as a solar cell.
  • a photovoltaic module in the sense of the invention is a one-piece component which has a plurality of interconnected or electrically connected photovoltaic cells.
  • the photovoltaic cells can be connected in series or in parallel, or there can be groups of serially connected photovoltaic cells which are connected in parallel, or groups of parallel-connected photovoltaic cells which are connected in series. Serial connection of all solar cells is preferred.
  • the photovoltaic module can also be referred to as a photovoltaic module or solar module.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component according to the invention can be or comprise a single photovoltaic cell or a photovoltaic module with a plurality of photovoltaic cells interconnected with one another, the latter case being typically realized in practice.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is embedded in the vehicle window, wherein it is arranged between the outer window and the inner window.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is arranged on the interior side of the at least one photovoltaic component, i.e. is at a greater distance from the outer window than the at least one photovoltaic component.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is arranged on the outside of the vacuum insulating glazing, i.e. is at a smaller distance from the outer window (and in the installed position of the external environment) than the vacuum insulating glazing.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is arranged between the outer window and the vacuum insulating glazing.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing When viewed from above onto the composite window, the vacuum insulating glazing preferably completely overlaps the at least one photovoltaic component, i.e. the at least one photovoltaic component is arranged completely within the area delimited by the side edge of the vacuum insulating glazing and does not protrude beyond the vacuum insulating glazing.
  • the expression “at least one photovoltaic component” refers to the totality of all existing photovoltaic components.
  • the vehicle window can contain a single photovoltaic component or a plurality of photovoltaic components. If it has a plurality of photovoltaic components, all photovoltaic components are preferably arranged in the same plane or position of the composite pane. All photovoltaic components then have (at least approximately) the same distance from the outer pane or the inner pane. But even if the photovoltaic components are arranged in different planes or positions of the composite pane, the Vacuum insulating glazing on the interior side of all photovoltaic components arranged at a greater distance from the outer pane.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is connected to the outer pane and the vacuum insulating glazing via a thermoplastic layer.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is connected to the inner pane via a thermoplastic layer in a preferred embodiment.
  • the vehicle window comprises in the order given in a preferred embodiment:
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are connected to one another via an intermediate layer, with both the at least one photovoltaic component and the vacuum insulating glazing being embedded in the intermediate layer.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is connected to the outer pane via an intermediate layer and to the inner pane via a further intermediate layer.
  • the vehicle window comprises in the order given in a preferred embodiment:
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is an exposed element of the laminated pane, whereby the exposed inner pane of the vacuum insulating glazing also forms the inner pane of the laminated pane.
  • the inner pane and the inner pane are therefore identical.
  • the outer pane and the vacuum insulating glazing are connected to one another via an intermediate layer, wherein the at least one photovoltaic component is embedded in the intermediate layer.
  • the vehicle window according to the invention also comprises an aerogel layer.
  • the aerogel layer can also be referred to as an aerogel layer. It is embedded in the vehicle window between the outer window and the inner window and is at a smaller distance from the inner window than the at least one photovoltaic component.
  • the aerogel layer is therefore arranged (like the vacuum insulating glazing) on the interior side of the at least one photovoltaic component.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing has a smaller distance to the outer pane than the aerogel layer.
  • the composite pane preferably comprises, in the order given:
  • thermoplastic layer - - a third thermoplastic layer
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is connected to the outer pane via a first intermediate layer and to the inner pane via a further intermediate layer.
  • the aerogel layer is embedded in the second intermediate layer, between the vacuum insulating glazing and the inner pane.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is at a greater distance from the outer pane than the aerogel layer.
  • the composite pane preferably comprises, in the order given:
  • thermoplastic layer - - a third thermoplastic layer
  • the layer referred to here as the “fourth thermoplastic layer” can also be referred to as the “third thermoplastic layer” and the layer referred to here as the “third thermoplastic layer” can also be referred to as the “fourth thermoplastic layer” or “further thermoplastic layer”.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is connected to the outer pane via a first intermediate layer and to the inner pane via a further intermediate layer.
  • the aerogel layer as well as the at least one photovoltaic component are embedded in the first intermediate layer, between the vacuum insulating glazing and the outer pane, with the at least one photovoltaic component being at a smaller distance from the outer pane than the aerogel layer.
  • the composite pane preferably comprises in the order given:
  • thermoplastic layer - - a third thermoplastic layer
  • the outer pane and the vacuum insulating glazing are connected to one another via an intermediate layer, wherein the at least one photovoltaic component and the aerogel layer are embedded in the intermediate layer, wherein the at least one photovoltaic component has a smaller distance to the outer pane than the aerogel layer.
  • the composite pane structurally consists only of the specified elements.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane, the thermoplastic layer and/or the panes of the vacuum insulating glazing can also be provided with standard coatings or prints.
  • the outer pane and the first thermoplastic layer are preferably clear and have no tints or colors so as not to attenuate the sunlight before it hits the at least one photovoltaic component.
  • the second thermoplastic layer, the vacuum insulating glazing, the third thermoplastic layer, the inner pane and, if present, the aerogel layer and the fourth thermoplastic layer can be clear or tinted or colored independently of one another.
  • thermoplastic layers can alternatively also be referred to as thermoplastic layers. Their task is to adhesively bond the components of the composite pane between which they are arranged.
  • the thermoplastic layers are preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyurethane (PU) or from mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably based on PVB. This means that the layer largely contains the said polymer (proportion greater than 50% by weight). In addition to the polymer, the layer can contain further additives, for example plasticizers, UV absorbers or stabilizers.
  • Each thermoplastic layer is preferably made from at least one thermoplastic film. The thickness of each film is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1 mm. For example, PVB films with the standard thicknesses of 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm can be used.
  • thermoplastic layers instead of thermoplastic layers, other types of connecting layers can in principle also be used, for example cast resin layers or adhesive layers, in particular layers of optically clear adhesives (OCA).
  • OCA optically clear adhesives
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably glass panes, particularly preferably made of soda-lime glass, as is usual for window panes.
  • One or both of the panes can, however, in principle also be made of other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass, or of rigid clear Plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the thicknesses of the outer pane and the inner pane are independently preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane can optionally be thermally or chemically tempered, partially tempered or not tempered independently of one another.
  • the inner pane is tempered, preferably thermally tempered. Since the inner pane is only connected locally or at certain points to the adjacent layer (the outer pane of the vacuum insulating glazing) via spacers, the prestressing can increase the mechanical stability and reduce the risk of glass breakage and the generation of dangerous glass shards.
  • the vehicle window is equipped with vacuum insulating glazing.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are spaced apart from one another by spacers, so that a gap is formed between the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane have a thickness of, for example, 0.3 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 0.3 mm to 3 mm, particularly preferably from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, very particularly preferably from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular from 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
  • the outer and inner panes are preferably thinner than the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the outer pane has a thickness of, for example, 0.3 mm to 5 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 3 mm, particularly preferably 0.5 mm to 2 mm, very particularly preferably 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
  • the inner pane is identical to the inner pane of the composite pane and the preferred thicknesses given above for the inner pane apply.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of glass. Soda-lime glass can also be used.
  • very thin outer and inner panes (for example with thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 1 mm) can also be made of aluminosilicate glass, which is preferably chemically tempered.
  • the outer and inner panes are preferably transparent, so that the vacuum insulating glazing is transparent overall and allows a view through. In principle, however, translucent vacuum insulating glazing (for example by using a cloudy outer and/or inner pane) or opaque vacuum insulating glazing (for example by using an opaque tinted outer and/or inner pane) can also be implemented and used.
  • the gap between the outer and inner panes preferably has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. This achieves good thermal insulation without the thickness of the composite pane having to be increased too much.
  • the thickness of the gap corresponds to the distance between the facing surfaces of the outer and inner panes.
  • the intermediate space is evacuated, whereby the outer pane and the inner pane spaced apart from it form vacuum insulating glazing.
  • the pressure in the intermediate space is preferably at most 100 mbar, particularly preferably at most 10 mbar.
  • the pressure can be, for example, from 0.01 mbar to 100 mbar, preferably from 0.1 mbar to 10 mbar.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing has spacers which ensure that the outer and inner panes do not deform despite the negative pressure between them.
  • the distance between the outer and inner panes is preferably kept constant by the spacers so that the outer and inner panes are arranged parallel to one another.
  • the spacer means preferably comprise a plurality of spacer columns.
  • the spacer columns are distributed (preferably evenly) over the surface of the outer and inner panes.
  • the number of spacer columns and their distance from one another depends on the thickness of the panes and the negative pressure prevailing in the space between them. The thinner the panes are (and the lower the pressure in the space between them), the more likely they are to deform, which requires a larger number of spacer columns.
  • the spacer columns are preferably transparent so as not to significantly impair visibility through the laminated pane. They are preferably made of glass or plastic.
  • the spacer means particularly preferably also comprise a circumferential spacer in an edge region between the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the circumferential spacer runs circumferentially in an edge region between the outer and inner panes.
  • the evacuated space is limited by the outer pane, the inner pane and the circumferential spacer.
  • the spacer is made, for example, from glass, plastic, metal or a metal alloy.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing preferably has a gas-tight edge seal.
  • the surrounding spacer if present can itself act as an edge seal or the vacuum insulating glazing can be equipped with an additional edge seal, for example made of glass, a metal or a metal alloy (for example stainless steel, silver or copper) or a gas-tight plastic.
  • the outer pane has (at least) one transparent area, which is referred to as the see-through area in the sense of the invention.
  • the see-through area In the transparent see-through area, sunlight can pass through the outer pane and stimulate the at least one photovoltaic component.
  • the transparent see-through area of the outer pane therefore defines an active area of the composite pane. This means that in a plan view of the composite pane, the transparent area of the outer pane and the active area are congruent.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is arranged (at least partially, in particular mostly or even completely) in the see-through area.
  • the outer pane can be made transparent as a whole, so that the see-through area covers the entire outer pane. In this case, the entire composite pane forms the active area.
  • the outer pane can also have an opaque masking area through which no sunlight can pass and which defines a masking area of the composite pane.
  • the active area then corresponds to the composite pane minus the masking area.
  • Such masking areas are common in vehicle windows. They are typically created by an opaque cover print on the interior surface of the outer pane.
  • An enamel printing paste which contains glass frits and a pigment, in particular black pigment, is printed onto the surface, for example using a screen printing process, and then fired.
  • the masking area typically comprises a peripheral edge area of the outer pane, which surrounds a central see-through area in a frame-like manner.
  • the masking area can also comprise further areas, which are designed, for example, as a type of cross bracing of the frame-like edge area.
  • a masking area can also be formed by a thermoplastic layer located between the at least one photovoltaic component and the outer pane being opaque or by an opaque film or plate being embedded in the vehicle window between the at least one photovoltaic component and the outer pane. Even then, no sunlight can hit the photovoltaic component in the masking area. In this case, the active area of the composite pane is also reduced in size, although the outer pane is transparent overall. The above applies accordingly.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component can extend from the active area into the masking area.
  • the areas arranged there do not then contribute to the generation of electricity, but this may be desirable for aesthetic reasons.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing according to the invention and the aerogel layer if present, preferably cover at least the active area of the composite pane completely. It can cover the entire composite pane and extend to its side edges. However, if the composite pane has a masking area in which there are no photovoltaic components, no vacuum insulating glazing or aerogel layer needs to be provided there. It is possible, for example, for the vacuum insulating glazing and, if present, the aerogel layer to each be arranged in a section of a thermoplastic layer, which surrounds it in a frame-like manner, with the frame-like thermoplastic layer preferably being arranged in a peripheral masking area.
  • Opaque or transparent photovoltaic components can be used.
  • Opaque photovoltaic components can be realized by having the photovoltaically active material (absorber layer) absorb in the visible spectral range and/or by using a opaque back electrode is used.
  • Transparent photovoltaic components can be realized by having the photovoltaically active material absorb completely or at least largely in the infrared spectral range (and not absorbing at least in a large part of the visible spectral range) and by using transparent electrodes.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is opaque and completely covers the active area.
  • the composite pane is then opaque as a whole. This can be achieved by using a single photovoltaic component that completely covers the active area. Alternatively, this can be achieved by using a plurality of photovoltaic components, with adjacent photovoltaic components being placed flush against one another or arranged to overlap.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is preferably transparent, but in this case can also be translucent or opaque. If an aerogel layer is present, it can be transparent, translucent or opaque.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is opaque and covers only part of the active area.
  • a plurality of photovoltaic components are present in the active area.
  • a plurality of opaque photovoltaic components spaced apart from one another can be present in the active area.
  • several groups of photovoltaic components can be present, with the components of each group being flush with one another or overlapping one another so that each group covers a closed area and the groups are spaced apart from one another. In any case, only part of the active area is covered or covered with photovoltaic components, while another part of the active area is not covered with photovoltaic components.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component (or the majority of photovoltaic components) is opaque and only partially covers the active area.
  • the composite pane is then partially opaque and partially transparent, which means that it has opaque and transparent areas.
  • the size of the photovoltaic components and the distances can be freely selected in the application in order to adjust the degree of coverage of the active area with photovoltaic components as desired.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is preferably transparent, but in this case can also be translucent. If an aerogel layer is present, it is preferably transparent or translucent so that light can pass through the areas not provided with photovoltaic components. In the case of a translucent aerogel layer (or vacuum insulating glazing), the aforementioned transparent areas are of course strictly speaking not transparent, but translucent
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is transparent. It preferably completely covers the active area in order to ensure optimum energy yield. This can in turn be achieved by using a single photovoltaic component that completely covers the active area, or by using a plurality of photovoltaic components that are flush with one another or overlap. Alternatively, it is also possible in principle for a plurality of photovoltaic components (or a plurality of groups of photovoltaic components that are spaced apart from one another) to be present in the active area.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing is preferably transparent, but in this case can also be translucent. If an aerogel layer is present, it is preferably transparent or translucent in this case so that light can pass through the active area of the composite pane. The active area is then transparent or translucent as a whole.
  • An opaque vacuum insulating glazing or aerogel layer is understood to mean a vacuum insulating glazing or aerogel layer through which no visibility is possible.
  • An opaque vacuum insulating glazing or aerogel layer preferably has a light transmission of less than 5%, particularly preferably less than 2%, in particular 0%.
  • a transparent vacuum insulating glazing or aerogel layer is understood to mean a layer through which visibility is possible, so that the viewer can see objects behind it.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing or aerogel layer can, however, be tinted in order to reduce the light transmission.
  • a transparent vacuum insulating glazing or aerogel layer preferably has a light transmission of more than 10%, particularly preferably more than 50%, in particular more than 70%.
  • a translucent vacuum insulating glazing or aerogel layer is a layer through which light passes but is strongly scattered so that the viewer cannot clearly see objects behind it (at most they can only see them vaguely).
  • the at least one photovoltaic component is suitable for converting sunlight directly into electrical energy.
  • the photovoltaic component has a photovoltaically active absorber layer between a front electrode and a rear electrode (strictly speaking, each photovoltaic cell has its own separate absorber layer and its own separate electrodes if the component as a solar module comprises several interconnected photovoltaic cells).
  • the front electrode faces the outer pane of the composite pane, the rear electrode faces the inner pane.
  • the electrodes are in particular surface electrodes that cover the entire absorber layer.
  • the absorber layer often contains dopants to optimize the transport of the charge carriers to the electrodes.
  • photovoltaic components or cells can be used within the scope of the present invention. There are no restrictions on specific photovoltaic cells. In particular:
  • the absorber layer in a thin-film cell, is a thin layer with a thickness of, for example, 0.5 pm to 3 pm; in thick-film cells, the absorber layer has a greater thickness (for example 20 pm to 500 pm);
  • any photovoltaically active material can be used for the absorber layer, for example inorganic semiconductors (such as silicon, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, CI(G)S chalcopyrite semiconductors or combinations thereof) or organic conjugated polymers, organic conjugated oligomers or organic dyes;
  • inorganic semiconductors such as silicon, cadmium telluride, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, CI(G)S chalcopyrite semiconductors or combinations thereof
  • organic conjugated polymers organic conjugated oligomers or organic dyes
  • the crystal structure of the absorber layer can be monocrystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous.
  • Thick-film cells can, for example, have an absorber layer based on monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon.
  • Thin-film cells can, for example, have an absorber layer based on amorphous or polycrystalline (in particular microcrystalline) silicon, based on gallium arsenide, based on cadmium telluride or based on organic conjugated polymers.
  • Thin-film cells can also contain a chalcopyrite semiconductor such as a compound from the group Copper-indium-sulfur/selenium (CIS; for example CuInSe2) or a compound from the group copper-indium-gallium-sulfur/selenium (CIGS; for example Cu(lnGa)(SSe)2).
  • CIS Copper-indium-sulfur/selenium
  • CIGS copper-indium-gallium-sulfur/selenium
  • Thin-film cells are preferred in the context of the present invention because they are typically flexible and can thus adapt to a curved shape of the composite pane, as is common in vehicle windows.
  • the front electrode and the back electrode can be designed, for example, as thin conductive or semiconductive layers with thicknesses of preferably 50 nm to 2 pm.
  • the layers can contain, for example, metals such as silver, gold, copper, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, nickel, titanium, chromium, tantalum, aluminum-doped zinc oxide or transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide.
  • the front electrode and/or the back electrode can also be designed, for example, as a mesh of thin wires which contain, for example, aluminum, copper, silver and/or gold. At least the front electrode is transparent so that sunlight can penetrate the absorber layer.
  • the electrodes can be designed as individual layers or as a stack of several layers.
  • the photovoltaic component can of course comprise further individual layers which are known to the person skilled in the art, for example a buffer layer for adapting the electronic properties between the absorber layer and an electrode layer or diffusion barrier layers.
  • Film-like photovoltaic components can also be used.
  • the electrodes and the absorber layer are printed independently of one another on a carrier film, applied wet-chemically or deposited from the gas phase. They typically comprise thin-film photovoltaic cells.
  • Film-like photovoltaic components can be provided on rolls and can be processed very easily and integrated into the composite pane, which makes them particularly advantageous. In addition, they are flexible and easily adapt to a curved shape of the composite pane.
  • the carrier film can be made of or based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, for example.
  • the thickness of the carrier film is, for example, from 10 pm to 300 pm.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component can optionally be surrounded by a further thermoplastic layer, which is also referred to as a capsule layer in the sense of the invention.
  • the capsule layer is in particular designed like a frame and is arranged in a peripheral edge region of the composite pane, wherein the at least one photovoltaic component is inserted into the frame-like capsule layer.
  • the capsule layer has at least one recess into which the at least one photovoltaic component is inserted.
  • the capsule layer can be formed by a thermoplastic film (or several thermoplastic films stacked on top of one another) into which the recess has been introduced by cutting out.
  • the capsule layer can also be composed of several film sections around the at least one photovoltaic component.
  • the capsule layer preferably has approximately the same thickness as the at least one photovoltaic component. This compensates for the local difference in thickness introduced by the locally limited at least one photovoltaic component, so that air pockets are avoided, glass breakage during lamination can be avoided and an improved optical appearance is created. If there are several photovoltaic components which only partially cover the active area of the composite pane, the capsule layer is preferably also arranged in the areas not provided with photovoltaic components.
  • Emissivity-reducing coatings are also known as heat radiation-reflecting coatings, low-emissivity coatings or LowE coatings (low emissivity). Emissivity is the measure that indicates how much heat radiation the pane emits into an interior in the installed position compared to an ideal heat radiator (a black body). Emissivity-reducing coatings have the function of preventing heat from radiating into the interior (IR components of solar radiation and in particular the thermal radiation of the pane itself) and also preventing heat from radiating out of the interior.
  • the emissivity-reducing coatings can at least reduce the heat radiation emitted by the entire pane towards the interior at high outside temperatures and solar radiation. partially reflect. At low outside temperatures, they can reflect the heat radiation emitted from the interior and thus reduce the effect of the cold window as a heat sink. The emissivity-reducing coating further increases thermal comfort in the interior.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating is typically a transparent stack of thin layers.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating has at least one, preferably exactly one, electrically conductive layer, which provides the IR-reflecting properties.
  • the conductive layer is preferably based on a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), in particular indium tin oxide (ITO), alternatively indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium-doped tin oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2:Sb) or niobium-doped titanium oxide (TiO2:Nb).
  • TCO transparent conductive oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • IZO indium zinc mixed oxide
  • GZO gallium-doped tin oxide
  • FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • SnO2:F antimony-doped t
  • the coating typically comprises dielectric layers (e.g. based on silicon oxide or nitride), which serve in particular to optimize the optical properties (e.g. light transmission) or serve as barrier layers to regulate oxygen diffusion during the deposition of the coating.
  • dielectric layers e.g. based on silicon oxide or nitride
  • the thickness of the aerogel layer can be selected according to the requirements of the specific application.
  • the thermal conductivity of the aerogel which in turn depends on the material, density and porosity
  • the heat absorption of the at least one photovoltaic component which in turn depends on the type of component and the surface coverage
  • the desired heat input i.e. the desired TTS value, the total radiated solar energy
  • the aerogel layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 0.2 mm to 8 mm, in particular from 0.5 mm to 6 mm or from 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
  • the aerogel layer most preferably has a thickness of 1 mm to 4 mm. In typical applications, good thermal insulation is achieved even with such a small thickness of the aerogel layer, because the vacuum insulating glazing reduces the thermal Insulation is further improved. This allows composite panes to be produced with advantageously thin aerogel layers.
  • aerogels are not gels, but highly porous solids.
  • the name comes from the fact that aerogels are typically made from gels, whereby the liquid component of the gel is replaced by a gas without the gel structure collapsing, for example through supercritical drying or freeze-drying.
  • aerogels consist of a branching of particle chains (dendritic structure) with very many spaces (pores), particularly in the form of open pores.
  • the particle chains have contact points with each other, so that the aerogel can be viewed as a stable, sponge-like network.
  • the particle chains themselves often result from the fusion of, for example, spherical particles.
  • a very high volume proportion of the aerogels consists of pores, particularly open pores.
  • Aerogels therefore have a very low density.
  • the aerogel layer according to the invention is therefore lightweight, so that the weight of the composite pane is not significantly increased even by comparatively thick aerogel layers. Aerogels can also have a high optical transparency, which can be particularly advantageous for applications in glazing. Aerogels can be produced using sol-gel processes, for example.
  • the aerogel layer according to the invention can also be referred to as a layer or layer made of an aerogel or based on an aerogel.
  • porosity refers to the proportion of the volume of the pores in relation to the total volume of the aerogel.
  • the aerogel layer according to the invention is preferably made of an aerogel or is based on an aerogel which has a porosity of 50% to 99.98%, particularly preferably 80% to 99%, very particularly preferably 85% to 98%.
  • the porosity can be determined by gas sorption measurement, in particular with carbon dioxide (CO2) as the measuring gas at a temperature of 273 K.
  • the pore size of the aerogel is preferably from 1 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 10 nm to 40 nm. This means that the diameter of the typically approximately spherical pores.
  • the pore size can also be determined using the gas sorption measurement mentioned above.
  • the density of the aerogel is preferably from 0.16 mg/cm 3 to 500 mg/cm 3 , particularly preferably from 10 mg/cm 3 to 300 mg/cm 3 . This means the bulk density based on the volume including the pore spaces, whereby the air in the pores is not included in the mass.
  • the particles that make up the network of particle chains typically have a size of 1 nm to 10 nm.
  • silicate aerosols do not have the chemical composition of a silicate, but rather SiO(OH) y (OR) z , where R is an organic residue and the parameters y and z depend on the manufacturing process. Nevertheless, they are generally referred to as such and the term silicate is also used accordingly in the context of the present invention.
  • silicate aerogel is also common (i.e. SiO2 aerogel).
  • silicate aerogels, polymer aerogels and cellulose aerogels are particularly preferred, in particular silicate aerogels and polymer aerogels. These aerogels are well researched and are already commercially available in large numbers.
  • the aerogel layer according to the invention can be structurally designed differently and integrated into the composite pane, in particular
  • blanket or mat as a so-called blanket or mat; this is understood to be a composite material made of an aerogel (in particular silicate aerogel) and a material which influences the mechanical properties; the material in question is in particular a fibre material (for example glass fibres); blankets are flexible and can be provided on rolls, for example; such a mat can, for example, be made of an aerogel felt (in particular silicate aerogel felt);
  • films are flexible and can also be provided on rolls, for example; they can be made from or based on a polymer aerogel, which can optionally have inclusions; an aerogel film can comprise a carrier film (for example made of PET or polyimide) on which an aerogel layer is arranged;
  • the aerogel layer has acoustic damping properties, the use of so-called acoustic thermoplastic films can be dispensed with. Instead, single-layer films are preferred if the vehicle window is equipped with an aerogel layer, which is significantly more cost-effective.
  • the vehicle window can be flat or cylindrical or spherically curved. Spherically curved composite windows are particularly common for vehicle windows for passenger cars.
  • All layers arranged on the outside of the at least one photovoltaic component are preferably clear, without tints and colors, so that sunlight can hit the photovoltaic component as unhindered as possible. They preferably have a light transmission of at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 80%, very particularly preferably at least 90%. This applies in particular to the outer pane and the first thermoplastic layer, via which the at least one photovoltaic component is connected to the outer pane.
  • the outer pane is preferably made of clear glass and has a light transmission of at least 90% in the visible spectral range.
  • the front electrode is also preferably transparent with a light transmission of at least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90%.
  • the first thermoplastic layer is preferably made of a clear film.
  • the other thermoplastic layers, the inner pane and the panes of the vacuum insulating glazing can be clear, tinted or colored independently of one another.
  • the composite pane can in principle also have several vacuum insulating glazings or several aerogel layers, whereby preferably all vacuum insulating glazings and (if present) all aerogel layers are arranged on the interior side of the at least one photovoltaic component with a greater distance from the outer pane.
  • a single vacuum insulating glazing and optionally a single aerogel layer are preferred due to a simpler structure and easier production of the composite pane.
  • the vehicle window can be manufactured by stacking the individual layers in the intended order to form a layer stack and then laminating them together.
  • Known processes can be used for this, for example autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calender processes, vacuum laminators or combinations thereof.
  • the connection between the outer and inner panes is usually carried out under the influence of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
  • the at least one photovoltaic component Before or during stacking of the layers, the at least one photovoltaic component is provided with the required electrical connections, with electrical conductors extending beyond the side edge of the layer stack, by means of which the at least one photovoltaic component can later be electrically contacted, for example for connection to an electrical system, a battery or one or more individual electrical consumers. If a plurality of photovoltaic components is present, these are electrically connected to one another (at least in groups) and thus interconnected, so that all photovoltaic components (or each group of photovoltaic components) can be externally electrically contacted by common electrical conductors.
  • the invention also includes the use of a vehicle window according to the invention as a window pane of means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water.
  • the vehicle window can be used, for example, as a windshield, side window, rear window or roof window.
  • the vehicle window is particularly preferably used as a vehicle roof window, in particular as a roof window of a passenger car or truck.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-section along X-X' through the vehicle window of Figure 1
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-section along X-X' through a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-section along X-X' through a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-section along X-X' through a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-section along X-X' through a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a cross-section through the vehicle window from Figure 7,
  • Fig. 9 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • Fig. 10 shows a cross-section through the vehicle window from Figure 9.
  • FIG. 1 and Figure 2 each show a detail of a first embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • the vehicle window is a vehicle roof window.
  • the vehicle window consists of an outer pane 1 and an inner pane 2, which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer.
  • the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 are made of soda-lime glass.
  • the outer pane 1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm
  • the inner pane 2 has a thickness of 1.6 mm. In the installed position, the outer pane 1 faces the outside environment, the inner pane 2 faces the vehicle interior.
  • the outer pane 1 has an opaque masking area M, which is arranged all around in the edge area and surrounds a central transparent see-through area D like a frame.
  • a black masking print 8 is applied to the interior side surface of the outer pane 1 facing the inner pane 2.
  • the see-through area D defines an active area A of the Vehicle window in which electrical energy can be generated by photovoltaics.
  • a photovoltaic component 4 is embedded in the intermediate layer.
  • the photovoltaic component 4 is opaque, completely covers the active area A and extends from there into the masking area M.
  • the vehicle window is therefore completely opaque.
  • the intermediate layer has a multi-layer structure. It comprises, in the following order, starting from the outer pane 1 :
  • thermoplastic layer 3a a first thermoplastic layer 3a
  • thermoplastic layer 3c which adjoins the inner pane 2.
  • the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 contains a thermoplastic capsule layer 3d, which is formed like a frame around a recess in which the photovoltaic component 4 is arranged.
  • thermoplastic layers 3a, 3b, 3c are each formed from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • the thermoplastic capsule layer 3d is formed from a PVB film with a thickness of 0.38 mm, which corresponds approximately to the thickness of the photovoltaic component 4.
  • the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 is connected to the outer pane 1 via the first thermoplastic layer 3a and on the opposite side to the vacuum insulating glazing 5 via the second thermoplastic layer 3b.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing 5 is in turn connected to the inner pane 2 on the other side via the third thermoplastic layer 3c.
  • the photovoltaic component 4 is, for example, a film-like component comprising a thin photovoltaically active absorber layer between a front electrode and a rear electrode on a carrier film.
  • the complete coverage of the active area A can also be achieved by a A plurality of photovoltaic components 4 which are interconnected, wherein adjacent components 4 are flush with one another or overlap one another.
  • the photovoltaic component 4 absorbs light in the visible spectral range and converts it (partially) photovoltaically into electrical current, which is the basis for its opacity.
  • the photovoltaic component 4 is heated in the process. It then emits thermal radiation, which is partially directed towards the inner pane 2 and the vehicle interior. It therefore makes a significant contribution to the so-called interior-side emissivity of the composite pane.
  • the vehicle interior is thus heated, reducing the thermal comfort for the vehicle occupants.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing 5 has the task of reducing the interior-side emissivity. It has heat-insulating properties which enable it to do this.
  • the vehicle interior is shielded by the vacuum insulating glazing 5 from the thermal radiation of the photovoltaic component 4 (and also from the thermal radiation of the outer pane 1).
  • the vacuum insulating glazing 5 is formed from an outer pane 5a and an inner pane 5b, which are connected to one another and kept at a distance by a circumferential spacer 5d in the edge area and by spacer columns 5e evenly distributed over the surface. This creates a gap 5c between the outer pane 5a and the inner pane 5b, which is evacuated.
  • the outer pane 5a faces the outer pane 1 and is connected to the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 via the second thermoplastic layer 3b.
  • the inner pane 5b faces the inner pane 2 and is connected to it via the third thermoplastic layer 3c.
  • the outer pane 5a and the inner pane 5b are each made of chemically tempered aluminosilicate glass and each have a thickness of 0.7 mm.
  • the gap 5c has a thickness of 0.3 mm.
  • the spacer columns 5e are made of glass or a transparent plastic.
  • the surrounding spacer 5d is made of a plastic.
  • the surrounding spacer 5d is equipped with an edge seal (not shown) which seals the intermediate space 5c in a gas-tight manner.
  • An emissivity-reducing coating 9 is arranged on the interior side surface of the inner pane 2 facing away from the intermediate layer. Such coatings are also known as LowE coatings.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating 9 has reflective properties in the middle IR range.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating 9 further reduces the interior emissivity of the composite pane. In particular, it shields the vehicle interior from the thermal radiation of the inner pane 2, which the vacuum insulating glazing 5 has no influence on.
  • the electrical connections of the photovoltaic component 4 that protrude beyond the side edge of the composite pane are not shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the photovoltaic component 4 can be connected to the vehicle's on-board electrical system via these connections, for example to charge the vehicle battery.
  • FIG 3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention. It differs from the above embodiment of Figure 2 in that the vacuum insulating glazing 5 is not arranged between the outer pane 1 and a separate inner pane 2. Instead, the inner pane 2 is part of the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and also forms its inner pane 5b.
  • the vehicle window includes in the following order:
  • thermoplastic layer 3a a first thermoplastic layer 3a
  • the outer pane 1 with the cover print 8, the first thermoplastic layer 3a, the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 including the capsule layer 3d and the second thermoplastic layer 3b are designed in the same way as in the embodiment of Figure 2.
  • the outer pane 5a of the vacuum insulating glazing 5 is again a chemically toughened pane made of aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 0.7 mm. It is connected to the inner pane 2 via a circumferential spacer 5d and via spacer columns 5e, which is also the inner pane 5b of the vacuum insulating glazing 5.
  • the inner pane consists of thermally toughened soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 1.6 mm.
  • the intermediate space 5c has a thickness of 0.3 mm and is evacuated.
  • the interior surface of the inner pane 2 is again provided with an emissivity-reducing coating 9.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention. It differs from the above embodiment of Figure 2 in that the vehicle window comprises an aerogel layer 6 between the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the inner pane 2.
  • the aerogel layer 6 further improves the thermally insulating properties of the vehicle window.
  • the aerogel layer 6 also has acoustically insulating properties, so that disturbing external noises are less noticeable in the vehicle interior. Due to its low weight, it only increases the overall weight of the vehicle window insignificantly.
  • the vehicle window includes in the following order:
  • thermoplastic layer 3a a first thermoplastic layer 3a
  • thermoplastic layer 3c a third thermoplastic layer 3c
  • the outer pane 1 with the cover print 8, the first thermoplastic layer 3a, the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 including the capsule layer 3d, the second thermoplastic layer 3b, the vacuum insulating glazing 5, the third thermoplastic layer 3c and the inner pane 2 with the emissivity-reducing coating 9 are designed in the same way as in the embodiment of Figure 2.
  • the aerogel layer 6 for example, has a thickness of 3 mm. It is designed as a so-called blanket, for example, made of a silicate aerogel with glass fiber inclusions, which give the aerogel layer 6 mechanical stability and flexibility. Since the composite pane is opaque anyway, it does not matter whether the aerogel layer 6 is opaque, transparent or translucent.
  • the aerogel layer 6 is connected to the insulating glazing 5 via the third thermoplastic layer 3c and to the inner pane 2 via the fourth thermoplastic layer 3e.
  • the fourth thermoplastic layer 3e is also made of a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-section through a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • the vehicle window is constructed from the same elements as in the embodiment according to Figure 4. The only difference is that the order of the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the aerogel layer 6 is reversed.
  • the vehicle window includes in the following order:
  • Figure 6 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention. It differs from the embodiment in Figure 3 in that the vehicle window comprises an aerogel layer 6 between the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 and the vacuum insulating glazing 5.
  • the vehicle window includes in the following order:
  • thermoplastic layer 3a a first thermoplastic layer 3a
  • the outer pane 1 with the cover print 8, the first thermoplastic layer 3a, the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 including the capsule layer 3d, the second thermoplastic layer 3b and the vacuum insulating glazing 5, whose inner pane 5b also forms the inner pane 2 of the vehicle window and is provided with the emissivity-reducing coating 9, are designed in the same way as in the embodiment of Figure 3.
  • the aerogel layer 6 is designed in the same way as in the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5. It is connected via the second thermoplastic layer 3b to the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 and via the third thermoplastic layer 3c to the vacuum insulating glazing 5.
  • the third thermoplastic layer 3c is also made of a PVB film with a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • Figure 7 and Figure 8 each show a detail of a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • the vehicle window is constructed similarly to the first embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the outer pane 1 with the cover print 8, the inner pane 2 with the emissivity-reducing coating 9, the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the thermoplastic layers 3a, 3b, 3c are designed in the same way as in Figures 1 and 2. In the following, only the differences from the first embodiment are discussed.
  • each of the five regions has five regions, each of which is provided with a photovoltaic component 4 and which are spaced apart from one another by regions without a photovoltaic component 4.
  • each of the five regions can be provided with a plurality of photovoltaic components 4 which are interconnected with one another, with adjacent components 4 being flush with one another or overlapping one another.
  • the photovoltaic components 4 (and thus the areas of the composite pane provided with them) are also opaque in this design. However, sunlight can penetrate into the vehicle interior through the areas in between and the edge areas without photovoltaic components 4.
  • the layer with the photovoltaic components 4 also contains, in this embodiment, in addition to the photovoltaic components 4 themselves, a thermoplastic capsule layer 3d.
  • the thermoplastic capsule layer 3d is again arranged in a frame-like manner around the entirety of the photovoltaic components 4 and additionally in the spaces between adjacent photovoltaic components 4. In other words, the thermoplastic capsule layer 3d forms a frame around each individual photovoltaic component 4.
  • the inner pane 2, the second thermoplastic layer 3b, the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and/or the third thermoplastic layer 3c can be tinted or colored.
  • the outer pane 1 and the first thermoplastic layer 3a should be clear in order to optimize the yield of the photovoltaic components 4.
  • the structure of the vehicle window according to Figure 8 is only to be understood as an example. Modifications and further developments similar to Figures 3 to 6 are also possible with this design.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing 5 does not necessarily have to be arranged between the outer pane 1 and a separate inner pane 2, but its inner pane 5b can alternatively be the inner pane 2 of the vehicle window.
  • the vehicle window can also be equipped with an additional aerogel layer 6, between the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 and the vacuum insulating glazing 5 or between the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the inner pane 2. Since the vehicle window in this design of the at least one photovoltaic component 4 is not completely opaque, any aerogel layer 6 should not be opaque, but transparent or translucent.
  • Figure 9 and Figure 10 each show a detail of a further embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention.
  • the vehicle window is constructed similarly to the first embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the outer pane 1 with the cover print 8, the inner pane 2 with the emissivity-reducing coating 9, the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the thermoplastic layers 3a, 3b, 3c are designed in the same way as in Figures 1 and 2. In the following, only the differences from the first embodiment are discussed.
  • the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 also contains, in addition to the photovoltaic component 4 itself, a thermoplastic capsule layer 3d.
  • the photovoltaic component is arranged in a recess in the capsule layer 3d, so that the capsule layer 3d again surrounds the photovoltaic component 4 like a frame.
  • the photovoltaic component is again a film-like component.
  • the photovoltaic component 4 is not opaque, but transparent. This is achieved in particular by the fact that the photovoltaically active absorber layer is not or hardly sensitive in the visible spectral range and absorbs sunlight, but in the near infrared spectral range.
  • the inner pane 2, the second thermoplastic layer 3b, the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and/or the third thermoplastic layer 3c can be tinted or colored.
  • the outer pane 1 and the first thermoplastic layer 3a should be clear in order to optimize the yield of the photovoltaic components 4.
  • the structure of the vehicle window according to Figure 10 is again only to be understood as an example. Modifications and further developments similar to Figures 3 to 6 are also possible with this design.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing 5 does not necessarily have to be arranged between the outer pane 1 and a separate inner pane 2, but its inner pane 5b can alternatively be the inner pane 2 of the vehicle window.
  • the vehicle window can also be equipped with an additional aerogel layer 6, between the layer with the photovoltaic component 4 and the vacuum insulating glazing 5 or between the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the inner pane 2.
  • the aerogel layer 6 should be transparent or translucent, so that the active area A of the composite pane is transparent or translucent as a whole.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and the optional aerogel layer 6 extend to the side edges of the composite pane.
  • the vacuum insulating glazing 5 and/or the aerogel layer 6 can be surrounded in a frame-like manner by a further thermoplastic layer (capsule layer).
  • a further thermoplastic layer can be formed, for example, by a PVB film which has a cutout into which the relevant component is inserted, which is thereby completely embedded in the composite pane and has no contact with the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the aerogel layer 6 can also have an edge seal, for example in the form of a polymer adhesive tape.

Landscapes

  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une vitre de véhicule comprenant une vitre extérieure (1) et une vitre intérieure (2) qui sont reliées ensemble à plat. Au moins un composant photovoltaïque (4) est incorporé dans la vitre de véhicule entre la vitre extérieure (1) et la vitre intérieure (2), et la vitre de véhicule comporte un vitrage isolant sous vide (5) qui comprend une vitre extérieure (5a) qui fait face à la vitre extérieure (1) et une vitre intérieure (5b) qui est espacée de la vitre extérieure (5a) par l'intermédiaire d'espaces (5d, 5e), l'espace intermédiaire (5c) entre la vitre extérieure (5a) et la vitre intérieure (5b) étant évacué, et (i) le vitrage isolant sous vide (5) étant incorporé dans la vitre de véhicule entre la vitre extérieure (1) et la vitre intérieure (2) et sa distance par rapport à la vitre intérieure (2) étant plus courte que celle de l'au moins un composant photovoltaïque (4) ou (ii) la vitre intérieure (2) de la vitre de véhicule formant la vitre intérieure (5b) du vitrage isolant sous vide (5).
PCT/EP2024/062422 2023-06-05 2024-05-06 Vitre de véhicule photovoltaïque avec isolation sous vide Pending WO2024251445A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23177145 2023-06-05
EP23177145.2 2023-06-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024251445A1 true WO2024251445A1 (fr) 2024-12-12

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2024251445A1 (fr)

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0382060B1 (fr) 1989-02-07 1994-12-14 Heinz Dr. Kunert Elément de fenêtre, de paroi, de toit ou de garde-corps
WO1998004802A1 (fr) 1996-07-31 1998-02-05 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Procede pour realiser le vide entre deux feuilles de verre et vitrage isolant
EP1036683A2 (fr) 1999-03-17 2000-09-20 Webasto Vehicle Systems International GmbH Panneau solaire pour l'ouverture de toit d'un véhicule automobile
WO2003028114A2 (fr) 2001-09-21 2003-04-03 Glaswerke Arnold Gmbh & Co.Kg Vitrage isolant photovoltaique
CN101245686A (zh) 2007-02-14 2008-08-20 北京行者多媒体科技有限公司 真空绝热光伏窗
EP1978199A1 (fr) 2007-04-05 2008-10-08 Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH Composant en verre isolant du vide tout comme ses procédé et dispositif de fabrication
WO2011149509A2 (fr) 2010-05-28 2011-12-01 Guardian Industries Corp. Cellule hybride thermoélectrique/solaire couplée via une unité de vitrage isolée par un vide et son procédé de production
WO2013182399A1 (fr) 2012-06-05 2013-12-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Panneau de toit pourvu d'un module photovoltaïque intégré
WO2013182398A1 (fr) 2012-06-05 2013-12-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre de toit avec module photovoltaïque intégré
CN203951415U (zh) 2014-06-10 2014-11-19 余振林 一种保温吸声的高效光伏幕墙组件
CN204809230U (zh) 2015-07-20 2015-11-25 南京日托光伏科技有限公司 一种mwt硅太阳能电池正面电极
CN204809235U (zh) * 2015-07-08 2015-11-25 广东省建筑材料研究院 一种真空太阳能电池组件
CN207441721U (zh) 2017-11-07 2018-06-01 北京铂阳顶荣光伏科技有限公司 光伏电池真空组件
EP3878827A1 (fr) 2018-11-05 2021-09-15 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Unité panneau de verre et procédé de production d'unité panneau de verre
CN113871502A (zh) 2021-11-16 2021-12-31 沃米真玻科技(北京)有限公司 一种光伏发电真空玻璃

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0382060B1 (fr) 1989-02-07 1994-12-14 Heinz Dr. Kunert Elément de fenêtre, de paroi, de toit ou de garde-corps
WO1998004802A1 (fr) 1996-07-31 1998-02-05 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Procede pour realiser le vide entre deux feuilles de verre et vitrage isolant
EP1036683A2 (fr) 1999-03-17 2000-09-20 Webasto Vehicle Systems International GmbH Panneau solaire pour l'ouverture de toit d'un véhicule automobile
WO2003028114A2 (fr) 2001-09-21 2003-04-03 Glaswerke Arnold Gmbh & Co.Kg Vitrage isolant photovoltaique
CN101245686A (zh) 2007-02-14 2008-08-20 北京行者多媒体科技有限公司 真空绝热光伏窗
EP1978199A1 (fr) 2007-04-05 2008-10-08 Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH Composant en verre isolant du vide tout comme ses procédé et dispositif de fabrication
WO2011149509A2 (fr) 2010-05-28 2011-12-01 Guardian Industries Corp. Cellule hybride thermoélectrique/solaire couplée via une unité de vitrage isolée par un vide et son procédé de production
WO2013182399A1 (fr) 2012-06-05 2013-12-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Panneau de toit pourvu d'un module photovoltaïque intégré
WO2013182398A1 (fr) 2012-06-05 2013-12-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre de toit avec module photovoltaïque intégré
CN203951415U (zh) 2014-06-10 2014-11-19 余振林 一种保温吸声的高效光伏幕墙组件
CN204809235U (zh) * 2015-07-08 2015-11-25 广东省建筑材料研究院 一种真空太阳能电池组件
CN204809230U (zh) 2015-07-20 2015-11-25 南京日托光伏科技有限公司 一种mwt硅太阳能电池正面电极
CN207441721U (zh) 2017-11-07 2018-06-01 北京铂阳顶荣光伏科技有限公司 光伏电池真空组件
EP3878827A1 (fr) 2018-11-05 2021-09-15 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Unité panneau de verre et procédé de production d'unité panneau de verre
CN113871502A (zh) 2021-11-16 2021-12-31 沃米真玻科技(北京)有限公司 一种光伏发电真空玻璃

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