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WO2024250118A1 - Systèmes, dispositifs et procédés d'utilisation de rebut minéral pour la capture de carbone - Google Patents

Systèmes, dispositifs et procédés d'utilisation de rebut minéral pour la capture de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024250118A1
WO2024250118A1 PCT/CA2024/050773 CA2024050773W WO2024250118A1 WO 2024250118 A1 WO2024250118 A1 WO 2024250118A1 CA 2024050773 W CA2024050773 W CA 2024050773W WO 2024250118 A1 WO2024250118 A1 WO 2024250118A1
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carbon dioxide
cavitation
unit
solid fraction
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David Fennell
Olivier DUFRESNE
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Exterra Carbon Solutions Inc
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Exterra Carbon Solutions Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/008—Processes for carrying out reactions under cavitation conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/60—Preparation of carbonates or bicarbonates in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
    • C01F5/24—Magnesium carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/402—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/12—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the silicate or ceramic industries, e.g. waste waters from cement or glass factories
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
    • C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop

Definitions

  • Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas commonly present in industrial emissions. Unfortunately, each year, human activities release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than natural processes can remove, causing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to increase.
  • Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
  • waste residues such as mineral waste in mining or waste concrete
  • waste generated through mining in the form of overburden and coal processing in the form of rejects and tailings has been defined as mineral waste.
  • a method of producing magnesium carbonate from a mineral waste stream includes: receiving, in a reactor unit, a mineral waste stream and a carbon dioxide stream, the mineral waste stream being a pulp having a liquid fraction and a solid fraction, the solid fraction comprising mineral grains having magnesium; contacting the mineral waste stream and the carbon dioxide stream in the reactor unit, carbon dioxide present in the carbon dioxide stream dissolving in the liquid fraction of the mineral waste stream to produce a carbonic acid solution that leaches the magnesium from the mineral grains of the solid fraction; directing at least a portion of the solid fraction of the pulp from the reactor unit to a cavitation unit to undergo cavitation, the cavitation inhibiting the formation of a passivation layer on the mineral grains of the solid fraction; after undergoing the cavitation, re-directing at least a portion of the solid fraction back to the reactor unit; directing at least a portion of the solid fraction of the pulp and the liquid fraction of the pulp as a carbonate stream from the reactor
  • the cavitation unit performs hydrodynamic cavitation.
  • the hydrodynamic cavitation includes directing the at least a portion of the solid fraction of the pulp from the reactor unit through a venturi.
  • the cavitation unit performs ultrasonic cavitation.
  • the reactor unit is maintained at an ambient temperature.
  • the carbon dioxide stream is received from an industrial process.
  • the carbon dioxide stream is atmospheric air.
  • the method further comprises: monitoring a first quantity of carbon dioxide within the carbon dioxide stream and a second quantity of carbon dioxide within precipitate stream; and determining a carbon credit based on a volume of carbon dioxide being sequestered in the magnesium carbonates, the volume of carbon dioxide being sequestered in the magnesium carbonates being a difference between the second quantity of carbon dioxide within precipitate stream and the first quantity of carbon dioxide within the carbon dioxide stream.
  • the directing at least a portion of the solid fraction of the pulp from the reactor unit to a cavitation unit to undergo cavitation includes continuously recirculating the at least a portion of the solid fraction of the pulp for a period of time.
  • a system for producing magnesium carbonate from a mineral waste stream includes a reactor unit being configured to: receive a mineral waste stream and a carbon dioxide stream, the mineral waste stream being a pulp having a liquid fraction and a solid fraction, the solid fraction comprising mineral grains having magnesium; provide for the mineral waste stream to contact the carbon dioxide stream, carbon dioxide present in the carbon dioxide stream dissolving in the liquid fraction of the mineral waste stream to produce a carbonic acid solution that leaches the magnesium from the mineral grains of the solid fraction; direct at least a portion of the solid fraction of the pulp to a cavitation unit to undergo cavitation, the cavitation inhibiting the formation of a passivation layer on the mineral grains of the solid fraction; receive, after undergoing the cavitation at least a portion of the solid fraction from the cavitation unit; and direct at least a portion of the solid fraction of the pulp and the liquid fraction of the pulp as a carbonate stream to a separator unit.
  • the system also includes the separator unit being configured to separate the solid fraction into a solid phase stream and the liquid fraction into an aqueous phase stream, the aqueous phase stream comprising the magnesium carbonates; and a precipitation unit being configured to precipitate the aqueous phase stream to produce the magnesium carbonates.
  • the cavitation unit performs hydrodynamic cavitation.
  • the cavitation unit includes a venturi and the at least a portion of the solid fraction of the pulp from the reactor unit is directed through the venturi.
  • the cavitation unit performs ultrasonic cavitation.
  • the reactor unit is maintained at an ambient temperature.
  • the carbon dioxide stream is received from an industrial process.
  • the carbon dioxide stream is atmospheric air.
  • the system includes a computing unit configured to: monitor a first quantity of carbon dioxide within the carbon dioxide stream and a second quantity of carbon dioxide within precipitate stream; and determine a carbon credit based on a volume of carbon dioxide being sequestered in the magnesium carbonates, the volume of carbon dioxide being sequestered in the magnesium carbonates being a difference between the second quantity of carbon dioxide within precipitate stream and the first quantity of carbon dioxide within the carbon dioxide stream.
  • the reactor unit is further configured to continuously recirculate the at least a portion of the solid fraction of the pulp to the cavitation unit for a period of time.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of system of using mineral waste for carbon capture, according to at least one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 3 is a tests diagram showing details of cavitation tests performed on a system according to at least one embodiment described herein.
  • mineral waste may include but is not limited to alkaline earth metal containing mineral waste and may contain alkaline earth metals and alkaline earth metal containing rocks, including but not limited to magnesium (Mg).
  • the alkaline earth metal containing mineral waste may include serpentine or serpentinite.
  • the alkaline earth metal containing material may include alkaline earth metal containing rocks such as sandstone, granite, anorthosite, basalt, serpentinite, peridotite, serpentinized peridotite, ophiolitic rocks, mafic and ultramafic rocks (containing Mg and Fe minerals), rocks containing more than 10% of pyroxene and peridot, or a combination thereof.
  • the alkaline earth metal containing material may also include a phyllosilicate.
  • the alkaline earth metal containing material may include alkaline earth metal containing minerals such as calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, feldspar, plagioclase feldspar (andesine), peridot (olivine sand), pyroxene (enstatite olivine sand), olivine, serpentine (as in mineral family containing antigorite, chrysotile, lizardite), wollastonite, calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide or periclase (MgO), brucite (Mg(OH)2), mafic and ultramafic minerals (containing Mg and Fe), or a combination thereof.
  • alkaline earth metal containing minerals such as calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, feldspar, plagioclase feldspar (andesine), peridot (olivine sand), pyroxene (enstatite olivine sand), olivine, serpentine (as in mineral family containing antigorite,
  • the mineral waste may be issued from various industrial wastes or residues such as slag, cement waste, mining processing waste and mineral processing waste, which are available without the need to be mined from geological formations.
  • the slag may include steelmaking slag, steelmaking worn MgO brick or a combination thereof.
  • the cement waste may include rotary kiln dust (CKD, LKD), waste cement, waste concrete, construction and demolition waste, concrete with aggregates, concrete brick, concrete, red brick or a combination thereof.
  • the mining and mineral processing waste may include phyllosilicate mining residue, chrysotile mining residue, serpentine (as in the rock matrix containing the ore) or a combination thereof.
  • the systems, devices and methods described herein may be used for chemically sequestering carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide containing gas by producing alkaline earth metal carbonates.
  • the carbon dioxide containing gas may be issued from industrial emissions and have various carbon dioxide concentrations according to the industrial process from which the emissions are derived.
  • the carbon dioxide containing gas may also be atmospheric air.
  • FIG. 1 shown therein is a block diagram of a system 10 of using mineral waste for capturing carbon.
  • mineral waste feed stream 101 may be issued from various industrial wastes or residues such as slag, cement waste, mining processing waste and mineral processing waste, which are available without the need to be mined from geological formations.
  • mineral waste feed stream 101 comprises Mg and/or Ca and/or Si.
  • mineral waste feed stream 101 comprises between about 2 wt% and about 15 wt% solid, mixed with water.
  • a non-magnetic fraction mineral waste feed stream 101 comprises between about 2 wt% and about 15 wt% solid, mixed with water.
  • the solids of the mineral waste stream 101 have a particle size in a range of about 50 microns to about 150 microns.
  • mineral waste feed stream 101 is received at reactor unit 100 as a pulp, where, in a prior step, metal ions present in a solid fraction of the mineral waste feed stream 101 are dissolved.
  • dissolution i.e. of alkaline earth group metal ions
  • Mineral waste feed stream 101 may be at atmospheric pressure and temperature (e.g., at or about room temperature, 20 degrees C). After mineral waste feed stream 101 enters reactor 100, reactor 100 may be pressurized and/or heated and/or cooled and/or the liquid therein may be recirculated. In at least one embodiment, reactor 100 has a temperature in a range of about 10 degrees C and about 275 degrees C.
  • reactor 100 has pressure in a range of about 1 atm and about 60 atm.
  • a flow rate of mineral waste feed stream 101 may be dependent on a flow rate of mineral waste stream 158, which can be dependent on mill throughput.
  • the flow rate of mineral waste feed stream 101 may be in a range of about 5,000 tonne per day to about 20,000 tonne per day, optionally having and solids content in a range of about 2 wt% to about 15 wt%).
  • reactor unit 100 may also be provided with a water stream 104.
  • Water stream 104 may be utilized to dilute one of mineral waste feed stream 101 and carbon dioxide stream 102, or both.
  • system 10 includes a carbon dioxide feed stream 102.
  • Carbon dioxide feed stream 102 is gaseous and comprises carbon dioxide.
  • carbon dioxide feed stream 102 may be issued from industrial emissions and have various carbon dioxide concentrations, according to the industrial process from which the emissions are derived.
  • the carbon dioxide feed stream 102 may also be atmospheric air.
  • reactor unit 100 includes a gas inlet for receiving the carbon dioxide feed stream 102 and a liquid inlet for receiving the mineral waste feed stream 101.
  • carbon dioxide feed stream 102 contacts mineral waste feed stream 101.
  • carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide feed stream 102 dissolves in the liquid fraction of mineral waste feed stream 101 and forms a carbonic acid solution therein.
  • the carbonic acid solution then provides for the dissolution of the Mg in solution.
  • the aqueous slurry in reaction 100 may be agitated to enhance contact between the carbon dioxide containing gas and the alkaline earth metal containing material.
  • the agitation may be ensured by a mechanical agitator such as a propeller.
  • it may be desirable to have an agitation speed that is in the turbulent mixing regime. This regime may be determined experimentally, but for many impeller designs desirable conditions can be obtained if the speed selected is greater than 10,000*viscosity/(Density*D A 2). It should be understood that the exact mixing speed selected will depend upon the specifics of the implementation, and that the methodologies to determine this range are documented in the public domain.
  • the agitation step is not limited to a mechanical agitation and may include various known and suitable agitation techniques, such as but not limited to fluidization agitation.
  • reactor unit 100 may be operated at ambient temperature and/or near ambient pressure.
  • Mg closest to the surface of the mineral grains (e.g., serpentine) of the mineral waste feed stream is depleted from the mineral grains at a rate that is higher than that of silica from the mineral grains.
  • silica may form a silica layer (i.e., a passivation layer) on the mineral grains.
  • carbonates may also form on the surface of mineral grains, thereby creating a carbonate passivation layer. In either case, an undesired surface reaction results in a layer forming on the mineral grains that reduces the mass transfer rate from the mineral grains to the carbonic action liquid.
  • system 10 includes a cavitation unit 110.
  • Cavitation unit 110 receives a reactor product stream 106 from reactor unit 100. Within the cavitation unit 110, reactor product stream 106 undergoes cavitation.
  • the cavitation may be hydrodynamic cavitation.
  • hydrodynamic cavitation can be performed by passing reactor product stream 106 through a constricted channel at a specific flow velocity or by mechanical rotation of an object through reactor product stream 106.
  • the cavitation may be ultrasonic cavitation.
  • ultrasonic cavitation may be performed by applying ultrasonic waves (e.g., radio waves) to the liquid.
  • the cavitation may be hydrodynamic cavitation generated from forcing the slurry through a venturi.
  • venturi or similar linear flow restriction cavitation occurs when the flow rate attained is sufficient to lower the local pressure within the throat of the device to the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid.
  • Initiation of cavitation occurs when there is an initial transition from a single-phase flow to a two-phase bubbly flow, and as flow rate increases, an increasingly complex flow field develops.
  • These flow fields are typically highly turbulent; larger gas filled vapor structures form, grow, and trigger vortex breakup. Discrete cavities can undergo oscillatory growth, coalescence, and breakup before finally collapsing as they are transported into higher pressure regions.
  • the fluid of reactor product stream 106 has virtually no residence time in cavitation unit 110. Rather, reactor product stream 106 is a continuously recirculating stream that returns to the reactor 100 as return stream 108. In at least one embodiment, a combined residence time of the fluid within reactor 100 and cavitation unit 110 is in about 36 hours.
  • Cavitation occurs when vapor bubbles form in low pressure regions of a liquid, and then are rapidly collapsed by returning them to a higher pressure environment. When these vapor bubbles collapse, micro-jets are generated, striking particle surfaces, and causing erosion of the surface of the particle. In the case of the minerals noted above, this erosion breaks the passivating layer and thereby enables greater extraction of alkaline earth ions.
  • cavitation aims to destroy and/or exfoliate the Mg depleted silica matrix (i.e. passivating layer) on the surface of the minerals as it develops.
  • Mg depleted silica matrix i.e. passivating layer
  • system 10 may include an additive feed stream 107 for adding one or more additives to reactor unit 100.
  • an additive feed stream 107 for adding one or more additives to reactor unit 100.
  • a strong acid such as but not limited to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, an organic acid or any other appropriate acid.
  • CO2 could be introduced in the precipitation unit 140 along with a base such as but not limited to NaOH.
  • the main product stream from reactor unit 100 is carbonate stream 112.
  • Carbonate stream 112 includes precipitable carbonates.
  • the carbonate stream 112 is a carbonate-loaded slurry that is provided to a first separation unit 120.
  • Separation unit 120 separates the carbonate stream 112 into a an aqueous phase stream 122 and a solid phase stream 124.
  • the aqueous phase 122 includes the precipitable carbonates.
  • separation unit 120 may be a filter press. In at least one embodiment, separation unit 120 may be a centrifuge. Therein, the liquid fraction, loaded with Mg, is pumped to nickel recovery unit 130. The solid fraction, mainly comprising silica (S iC>2), is filtered and removed from the separator unit 120 as solid phase stream 124. In at least one embodiment, at least a portion of the solid phase stream 124, being silica rich, may be used to form a silica product, optionally through the addition of further processing steps, such as but not limited to exposing solid phase stream 124 to other acids to purify the silica.
  • further processing steps such as but not limited to exposing solid phase stream 124 to other acids to purify the silica.
  • aqueous phase stream 122 includes the precipitable carbonates and is supplied to the nickel recovery unit 130.
  • nickel present in aqueous phase stream 122 will be adsorbed selectively, for example onto a solid substrate, and then, optionally, be eluted and purified to another usable material (such as but not limited to nickel sulphate).
  • the aqueous stream 132 is released from nickel recovery unit 130 and supplied to a precipitation unit 140. At least a portion of the precipitable carbonates within the aqueous stream 132 are precipitated therein into alkaline earth metal carbonates. More specifically, in the precipitation unit 140, the precipitation of magnesium into magnesium carbonate occurs. In the precipitation unit, for example, the solution received from aqueous stream 132 may be slightly heated to accelerate the precipitation reaction.
  • the alkaline earth metal carbonates are produced as a precipitation slurry that is released from the precipitation unit 140 as precipitate slurry stream 142.
  • precipitation unit 140 has an atmospheric pressure. In at least one embodiment, precipitation unit 140 has a temperature in a range of about 30 degrees C to about 70 degrees C. In at least one embodiment, aqueous stream 132 has a residence time in the precipitation unit 140 of less than about 36 hours.
  • Second separator unit 150 receives the precipitate slurry stream 142 and separates the solids from the liquids therein to form the precipitate stream 152, which includes the magnesium carbonates. More specifically, the solid fraction produced by the precipitation reaction, mainly composed of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), is filtered in second separator unit 150.
  • MgCO3 magnesium carbonate
  • At least a portion of the precipitate stream 152 produced by the aforementioned separation may be recycled as recycle stream 154 to the reactor unit 100.
  • from precipitate stream 152 could be recycled as recycle stream 154 to lower new water withdrawals and have a second chance at recovering any ions that did not precipitate.
  • Solid carbonate stream 156 is the product of system 10.
  • the mineral waste feed stream 101 that includes the alkaline earth metals may be formed prior to being supplied to the reactor unit 100, for example but the optional units shown in FIG. 1.
  • the optional steps may be formed prior to being supplied to the reactor unit 100, for example but the optional units shown in FIG. 1.
  • the optional steps may be formed prior to being supplied to the reactor unit 100, for example but the optional units shown in FIG. 1.
  • system 10 may include one or more pretreatment units for pre-processing mineral waste feed stream 101.
  • system 10 may include crushing and/or grinding a mineral waste stream 158 comprising alkaline earth metals to enhance the available surface area for contact with the carbon dioxide containing gas and favor carbonation of the alkaline earth metal.
  • crushing and/or grinding the mineral waste stream 158 is performed in a grinding unit 160.
  • crushing and/or grinding the mineral waste stream 158 is performed before a thermal pre-treating step.
  • a ground mineral waste stream 162 is provided to a pre-treatment unit 170 where dehydroxylation may be favored to occur.
  • this step is primarily for serpentine minerals. Other minerals may not need this step as there may be nothing to dehydroxylize.
  • pre-treatment unit 170 may have a temperature in a range of about 600 degrees C to about 750 degrees C. In at least one embodiment, pre-treatment unit 170 may have a residence time in a range of about 10 minutes to about 90 minutes.
  • Thermally pre-treating the alkaline earth containing material may help to at least partially remove undesirable water therefrom.
  • water may be vaporized and the crystalline structure of the alkaline earth metal containing material may be changed into a more chemically active structure, allowing better dissolution of the alkaline earth metal in aqueous phase.
  • Ground mineral waste having been thermally treated in pre-treatment unit 170 leaves the pre-treatment unit 170 as a treated mineral waste stream 172.
  • Treated mineral waste stream 172 may be supplied to a magnetic separation unit 180 to remove magnetic materials therefrom, such as but not limited to iron (Fe) containing materials, such as but not limited to iron oxide (FesCM and/or Fe2Os).
  • Fe iron
  • FesCM and/or Fe2Os iron oxide
  • a quantity of carbon dioxide within carbon dioxide stream 102 can be quantified prior to entering reactor unit 100.
  • the quantity of carbon dioxide within carbon dioxide stream 102 may be measured using a mass flow meter on an outlet of a carbon dioxide storage tank.
  • a quantity of carbon dioxide within precipitate stream 142 can be quantified.
  • the solids can be analyzed using, for example, x-ray diffraction to determine the fraction of solid that is a carbonate phase (for example, 99%). The solid could then be weighed (for example, 1 tonne). These combined results could be used to provide the quantity of MgCOs (following the earlier example, the quantity would be 990 kg of MgCOs), which can be multiplied by the molar ratio of MgCOs to CO2 to give the quantity of CO2 (following the earlier example, the quantity would be 518kg of CO2)
  • system 10 may include one or more computing units (not shown) configured to receive carbon dioxide quantification information from and to perform continuous monitoring thereof.
  • the one or more computing units may be configured to receive energy use information from one or more of the units described within system 10 and to perform continuous monitoring thereof.
  • the one or more computing units may be configured to receive quantity information regarding the addition of one or more additives to the system 10 and to perform continuous monitoring thereof.
  • FIG. 3 is a tests diagram showing details of the tests.
  • Test T1 was performed in the cavitation reactor
  • test T2 served as a reference and was conducted in a 1 -L Parr pressure reactor
  • test T3 involved pre-treating the material with ultrasound before carbonation.
  • the key metrics for assessing carbonation efficiency were the extraction of magnesium into solution and the total carbon content in the residues. In all three tests, magnesium extraction was around 6-7%, and there was no significant change in total carbon content in the residues, indicating no substantial improvement in CO2 sequestration yield due to ultrasound.
  • ultrasound did significantly affect the particle size distribution, particularly in test
  • Tests T4 and T5 were conducted to produce thermally treated and carbonated residues.
  • Compl TM material was first thermally treated at 650°C for 45 minutes and then carbonated in a pressure reactor at 20 psi.
  • the residues from tests T4 and T5 were then blended and divided into two sub-samples for further testing in T6 and T7.
  • test T6 the material was treated with ultrasound for 15 minutes to break down the passivation layer, while in test T7 the material was not treated.
  • the magnesium extraction yield and total carbon content in the residues were equivalent, with 5% magnesium extraction and a total carbon content of 0.11 % in the residues. Therefore, these tests did not demonstrate a positive impact of ultrasound on removing the passivation layer from material obtained after thermal treatment.
  • Tests T8 and T9 the magnesium extraction yield and total carbon content in the residues were equivalent, with 5% magnesium extraction and a total carbon content of 0.11 % in the residues. Therefore, these tests did not demonstrate a positive impact of ultrasound on removing the passivation layer from material obtained after thermal treatment.
  • Tests T1 to T7 underwent relatively short durations of sonication (between 15 and 120 minutes) and did not show any significant difference in magnesium conversion between cases with and without sonication.
  • test T10 and T11 the reaction was carried out for a duration of 6 hours. During these 6 hours, test T11 was subjected to ultrasound, while test T10 served as the reference test without ultrasound. However, it was not possible to measure a significant impact of sonication on magnesium extraction, even with a long retention times (6h), with a magnesium extraction of approximately 9% in both cases.
  • test T13 the Compl TM material underwent thermal treatment at 700°C for 30 minutes, followed by a carbonation step using CO2 at 80 psi. The pulp was then filtered, and the residues underwent two additional carbonation stages, assisted by sonication, during which CO2 was bubbled through the pulp. Each stage was conducted at a pulp density of 15% for a duration of 3 hours.
  • Test T12 serves as the reference test, following the same protocol but without sonication treatment.
  • Table 3 provides the objectives, conditions and conclusions of the carbonation assisted by cavitation tests described above.

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  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des systèmes et des procédés de production de carbonate de magnésium à partir d'un flux de rebut minéral. Les procédés comprennent la réception et la mise en contact d'un flux de rebut minéral contenant une fraction solide présentant du magnésium et un flux de dioxyde de carbone à une unité de réacteur. Le dioxyde de carbone présent dans le flux de dioxyde de carbone se dissout dans la fraction liquide du flux de rebut minéral pour produire une solution d'acide carbonique qui lixivie le magnésium à partir des grains minéraux de la fraction solide. Les procédés consistent également à diriger au moins une partie de la fraction solide de la pulpe de l'unité de réacteur vers une unité de cavitation afin qu'elle subisse une cavitation, la cavitation empêchant la formation d'une couche de passivation sur les grains minéraux de la fraction solide. Après avoir subi la cavitation, un flux de produit de réacteur est dirigé vers une unité de séparation afin de séparer une fraction liquide de celle-ci en un flux de phase aqueuse comprenant du carbonate de magnésium.
PCT/CA2024/050773 2023-06-09 2024-06-07 Systèmes, dispositifs et procédés d'utilisation de rebut minéral pour la capture de carbone Pending WO2024250118A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006008242A1 (fr) * 2004-07-19 2006-01-26 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procede de production de caco3 ou mgco3
WO2011017609A1 (fr) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Calera Corporation Capture et stockage de carbone
CN110451547A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2019-11-15 东北大学 一种利用不锈钢冶炼废弃物制备碳酸盐粉体的方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006008242A1 (fr) * 2004-07-19 2006-01-26 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procede de production de caco3 ou mgco3
WO2011017609A1 (fr) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Calera Corporation Capture et stockage de carbone
CN110451547A (zh) * 2019-09-20 2019-11-15 东北大学 一种利用不锈钢冶炼废弃物制备碳酸盐粉体的方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
SANTOS RAFAEL M.; FRANÇOIS DAVY; MERTENS GILLES; ELSEN JAN; VAN GERVEN TOM: "Ultrasound-intensified mineral carbonation", APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING, PERGAMON, OXFORD, GB, vol. 57, no. 1, 29 March 2012 (2012-03-29), GB , pages 154 - 163, XP028557546, ISSN: 1359-4311, DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.03.035 *
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