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WO2024246366A1 - Procédé pour nettoyer un filtre - Google Patents

Procédé pour nettoyer un filtre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024246366A1
WO2024246366A1 PCT/EP2024/065226 EP2024065226W WO2024246366A1 WO 2024246366 A1 WO2024246366 A1 WO 2024246366A1 EP 2024065226 W EP2024065226 W EP 2024065226W WO 2024246366 A1 WO2024246366 A1 WO 2024246366A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
connection
inlet
filter
membrane
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2024/065226
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Wiesen
Sebastian-Johannes Armbrust
Wolfgang Wehmeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH
Publication of WO2024246366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024246366A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
    • B01D65/102—Detection of leaks in membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
    • B01D65/104—Detection of leaks in membrane apparatus or modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/02—Forward flushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/04—Backflushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/10—Use of feed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
    • B01D2321/185—Aeration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/20—By influencing the flow
    • B01D2321/2083—By reversing the flow

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for backwashing and cleaning filters, in particular industrial filters.
  • Ultrafilters for water filtration need to be washed out regularly to restore filtration capacity. Typically, this is done by backwashing the filter, where water is introduced on the clean side of the filter and passed through the filter to the raw water side so that the filtered particles are washed out of the filter.
  • the water used for this backwash process must therefore be free of contaminants to avoid contaminating the clean side of the filter.
  • This contaminant-free water for backwashing typically comes from a separate tank or a second ultrafilter running in parallel to the first ultrafilter. In backwash mode, the raw water is filtered by the second ultrafilter and then directed to the outlet of the ultrafilter to be cleaned.
  • this clean water flows through the membrane of the ultrafilter to be cleaned to the feed side, flushing particles out of the membrane and into a drain via the feed side inlet.
  • the process can be reversed and the second ultrafilter cleaned with the first ultrafilter.
  • Such a two-filter system provides an endless source of clean water for backwashing. Furthermore, the liquid flow through the membrane structure flushes away the particles from the pores of the membrane.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method by which an ultrafilter can be easily cleaned without the aid of another filter or a filter filled with filtered water. container can be cleaned and with which in particular a high level of uniformity of cleaning down to the core of the membrane bundle is achieved.
  • the method according to the invention for backwashing and cleaning filters with a filter housing wherein the filter has two opposite inlet connections, at least one outlet connection and at least one membrane, wherein the outlet connection is separated from the inlet connections by the at least one membrane and wherein the membrane has a lumen, in particular a cylinder-shaped one, connecting the two inlet connections to one another, which has an inner diameter of 180-600 pm, in particular at least 200 pm, in particular 230, to a maximum of 400 pm or 300 pm, and a length of at least 50 cm, preferably 70 cm or 100 cm, and a maximum of 200 cm, in particular 150 cm or 120 cm, comprising the steps of blocking the outlet connection, introducing fluid, in particular raw fluid, into a first inlet connection and opening the second inlet connection to discharge the fluid.
  • the second inlet connection is used to introduce the fluid and the fluid is discharged through the first inlet connection.
  • the inlet connections are preferably arranged one above the other, in particular aligned with one another and preferably arranged coaxially, and the backwashing preferably takes place first from bottom to top and then vice versa.
  • gravity can increase the pressure difference of the cleaning fluid, making the cleaning more effective.
  • the introduction of the fluid is stopped and air or gas is introduced through an inlet connection and/or the outlet connection for gas flushing.
  • This reliably removes the cleaning liquid and also contaminant residues that were not removed from the pores during backwashing, for example, which is particularly ensured when the gas is introduced through the outlet connection.
  • the introduction of the gas through the inlet connection is advantageous if contaminant components that are held on the inner surface of the membrane lumen are to be removed by shearing.
  • This air flushing also takes advantage of the pressure difference of the ultrafilters used and ensures that the membrane is thoroughly cleaned.
  • the gas can be introduced into the outlet connection and one inlet connection can be blocked and one open. In this way, specific parts of the membrane can be additionally cleaned with gas.
  • air can be introduced through the upper or lower inlet connection at the same time as the outlet connection and the other inlet connection serves as a drain. This ensures that the central area along the length of the membrane bundle is subjected to particularly thorough cleaning.
  • one inlet port can be opened to the environment and the other inlet port, particularly the lower inlet port, can be used as a drain. This removes all the fluid from the filter and stops the cleaning process so that the filtration process can begin again. In addition, air can be reintroduced into the outlet port during emptying to assist the emptying process and remove any remaining contaminants.
  • an integrity test may preferably be performed, particularly after the first air purge, to test the function of the filter and ensure that the filter is in optimal condition for use.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a filter for the method according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows an enlarged, not to scale, view of a fiber with membrane
  • FIGS 3a-f show different stages of the process according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a filter 10 with which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • This filter 10 has a filter housing 11 and at least two inlet connections 12a, 12b into which raw water is introduced during normal operation. This raw water then flows through the filter device 20 to at least one outlet connection 14a. Preferably, however, two or more outlet connections 14a, 14b are provided.
  • the inlet connections 12a, 12b are arranged one above the other and in particular on opposite sides or concentrically.
  • the filter device 20 has a plurality of fibers 22, each of which comprises a membrane 24.
  • the fibers 22 extend along the longitudinal axis of the filter and are clamped at the upper and lower ends in a holding device 21, which secures the fibers in the filter 10.
  • the holding device is porous so that the raw water can flow unhindered into the membrane 24.
  • the membrane 24 is preferably cylindrical and encloses a lumen 25 (cavity) that extends between the inlet connections 12a, 12b and connects the inlet connections 12a, 12b to one another.
  • Figure 2 shows a non-scale enlargement of the membrane 24 and the lumen 25.
  • the lumen 25 has an inner diameter of 180 to 600 pm or the minimum and maximum dimensions mentioned above.
  • the very narrow diameter of the lumen compared to conventional fibers ensures that the raw water that flows into the filter through the inlet connections is slowed down in this lumen. This is important for the process explained below and leads to an unexpected effect that enables backwashing as a single filter.
  • Diameter The length of the lumen i.e. the longitudinal extent, is between 50 and 200 cm, in particular between 70 and 150 cm, and more particularly between 70 and 120 cm.
  • raw water flows into the inlet connections 12a, 12b. From there, it enters the lumen of the fibers via the pores in the holding device 21 and is filtered to the filtrate side when passing through the membrane 24 and then conveyed out of the outlet connections 14a, 14b.
  • Figures 3a to 3f show various Steps of the method are shown, with the filter only shown schematically.
  • Figure 3a shows the first step in which the outlet connections 14a, 14b are blocked so that no more filtered water can escape.
  • Raw water is then poured into the filter 10 through an inlet connection, here the lower connection 12b. This fills the filtrate side with filtered water, which cannot flow away.
  • the flow resistance in the longitudinal direction in the lumen 25 creates a pressure drop.
  • the pressure on the top of the lumen 25 (i.e. on the side of the inlet connection 12a) is lower than on the bottom, where the raw water is pumped into the filter 10.
  • the water pushes against the filtrate side of the membrane 24 at the bottom, so that the filtered water on the top has to flow through the membrane back to the raw water side, thus removing the dirt in the pores of the membrane and cleaning them.
  • the fiber bundle is therefore only cleaned by longitudinal shear forces and reduced flow.
  • the filter device 20 can be at least partially cleaned using this procedure.
  • Figure 3b shows the preferred step in which the flow direction is then reversed.
  • the opposite part (here the lower part) of the fiber bundle is cleaned in the same way by back filtration. Since the water penetrates all fibers in parallel, the flow conditions on the inner fibers of the fiber bundle are similar to those on the outer fibers, so that essentially all fibers are cleaned evenly. Although the upper and lower ends of the fibers are cleaned better than the middle, reversing the backwash ensures that this effect is reduced, i.e. that the fibers experience a certain amount of backwash along the entire fiber.
  • Figure 3c shows the preferred air cleaning.
  • Another medium such as gas or air is connected to the upper inlet port 12a and introduced there.
  • the liquid is emptied from the lumen and conveyed to the other inlet port 12b.
  • the cleaning liquid is then disposed of in a drain.
  • the phase boundary between liquid and gas increases the shear stress on the inner surface of the membrane and helps to transport the contaminants to the drain.
  • Gas cleaning also occurs equally on the inner and outer fibers. This process can be reversed with regard to the inlet ports 12a, 12b.
  • FIG. 3d the lower inlet connection 12b is closed and air is introduced via one or more outlet connections 14a, 14b.
  • the lower inlet connection 12b can also be reconnected to a gas connection ( Figure 3e). This process can also be reversed for the inlet connections 12a, 12b.
  • outlet connections 14a, 14b When it comes to the outlet connections, it makes no difference for cleaning purposes which outlet connections 14a, 14b are supplied with gas. However, if there are several outlet connections 14a, 14b at the same time, the gas supply can be increased. In contrast, with the inlet connections 12a, 12b, it makes a difference when and in what way the upper or lower inlet connection 12a, 12b is filled with gas or raw water or whether it is opened to the environment or to a drain.
  • the backwashed volume When cleaning is performed over the top, the backwashed volume generates shear forces along the entire length of the fiber and transports the dirt particles out of the filter. By adding air into the lumen from below, turbulent phase boundaries between liquid and air are created, which aid the cleaning effect of this upward flush.
  • the drain is open at the bottom and the inlet connection is closed at the top, the water stagnates on the upper inlet side and remains there in the filter. It is then possible that the filtrate side is completely emptied and the inlet side is still full. If the inlet side is also to be emptied, the corresponding inlet connection 12a, 12b must be opened to the environment.
  • an integrity test can be performed during the backwash process or gas cleaning to detect damage to the fibers and membranes.
  • the effective and efficient recovery of the filter capacity depends strongly on the type of contaminants in the raw water.
  • the process steps can also be carried out individually, but it is preferable to use the various process steps as well as the initial filling process in combination and/or repeatedly so that all requirements in terms of filter life, time and water used are met.
  • a possible cleaning process can be structured as follows:
  • Filter housing a 12b Input connections a, 14b Output connections Filter device Holding device Fiber

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour nettoyer des filtres (10) comprenant un boîtier de filtre (11), le filtre (10) comprenant deux raccords d'entrée (12a, 12b) opposés, au moins un raccord de sortie (14a) et au moins une membrane (24), le raccord de sortie (14a) étant séparé des raccords d'entrée (12a, 12b) par la ou les membranes (24), et cette ou ces membranes (24) présentant une lumière (25) reliant les deux raccords d'entrée (12a, 12b) et possédant un diamètre interne de 180-600 µm et une longueur de 50 à 200 cm. Ce procédé comprend les étapes consistant à : bloquer le raccord de sortie (14a) ; introduire un fluide, en particulier un fluide brut, dans un premier raccord d'entrée (12a) ; ouvrir le deuxième raccord d'entrée (12b) pour évacuer le fluide.
PCT/EP2024/065226 2023-06-02 2024-06-03 Procédé pour nettoyer un filtre Pending WO2024246366A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102023114632.7 2023-06-02
DE102023114632.7A DE102023114632A1 (de) 2023-06-02 2023-06-02 Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Filters

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024246366A1 true WO2024246366A1 (fr) 2024-12-05

Family

ID=91465273

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2024/065226 Pending WO2024246366A1 (fr) 2023-06-02 2024-06-03 Procédé pour nettoyer un filtre

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102023114632A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024246366A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4935143A (en) * 1986-07-11 1990-06-19 Memtec Limited Cleaning of filters
WO2004024304A2 (fr) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-25 Pall Corporation Systemes et procedes destines au nettoyage de membranes a fibres creuses
US20150182916A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2015-07-02 Toray Industries, Inc. Hollow fiber membrane module
US20150265976A1 (en) * 2012-02-09 2015-09-24 Toyobo Co., Ltd. Hollow fiber semipermeable membrane, method for manufacturing same, module, and water treatment method
US20170232180A1 (en) * 2014-10-31 2017-08-17 Kaneka Corporation Method for priming hollow-fiber membrane module
JP2019205994A (ja) * 2018-05-28 2019-12-05 野村マイクロ・サイエンス株式会社 限外ろ過膜モジュール及び限外ろ過膜モジュールを用いた超純水製造方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016224627A1 (de) * 2016-12-09 2018-06-14 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Hohlfasermembran mit verbesserter Trennleistung und Herstellung einer Hohlfasermembran mit verbesserter Trennleistung
US11964238B2 (en) * 2019-11-13 2024-04-23 Nephros Inc. Method and apparatus for forward and reverse flushable filter system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4935143A (en) * 1986-07-11 1990-06-19 Memtec Limited Cleaning of filters
WO2004024304A2 (fr) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-25 Pall Corporation Systemes et procedes destines au nettoyage de membranes a fibres creuses
US20150265976A1 (en) * 2012-02-09 2015-09-24 Toyobo Co., Ltd. Hollow fiber semipermeable membrane, method for manufacturing same, module, and water treatment method
US20150182916A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2015-07-02 Toray Industries, Inc. Hollow fiber membrane module
US20170232180A1 (en) * 2014-10-31 2017-08-17 Kaneka Corporation Method for priming hollow-fiber membrane module
JP2019205994A (ja) * 2018-05-28 2019-12-05 野村マイクロ・サイエンス株式会社 限外ろ過膜モジュール及び限外ろ過膜モジュールを用いた超純水製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Membrane Technology and Applications", 15 March 2004, WILEY, article BAKER RICHARD W.: "Ultrafiltration", pages: 237 - 274, XP093201976, DOI: 10.1002/0470020393.ch6 *
BRESLAU BARRY R. ET AL: "Advances in Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Technology", ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES AND APPLICATIONS : [PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES AND APPLICATIONS, SPONSORED BY THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, AND HELD IN WASHINGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER 9 - 14, 1979], 1 January 1980 (1980-01-01), pages 109 - 127, XP093201982, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3162-9_7 *

Also Published As

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DE102023114632A1 (de) 2024-12-05

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