WO2024244004A1 - Sound absorption material packaging structure, and loudspeaker - Google Patents
Sound absorption material packaging structure, and loudspeaker Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024244004A1 WO2024244004A1 PCT/CN2023/098083 CN2023098083W WO2024244004A1 WO 2024244004 A1 WO2024244004 A1 WO 2024244004A1 CN 2023098083 W CN2023098083 W CN 2023098083W WO 2024244004 A1 WO2024244004 A1 WO 2024244004A1
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- absorbing material
- packaging structure
- sound absorbing
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- sound
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of electroacoustic devices, and more particularly to a sound absorbing material packaging structure and a loudspeaker.
- Granular sound-absorbing materials generally refer to particles with large specific surface area and many micropores. When such particles are placed in the back cavity of a speaker, the air pressure inside the back cavity changes when the speaker is working, and the particles will adsorb and release air molecules to increase the virtual space of the back cavity, thereby improving the low-frequency performance of the speaker.
- the main component of the commonly used granular sound-absorbing materials is generally zeolite. Since zeolite has a high specific surface area and rich microporous structure, it can desorb a large amount of gas when the speaker is working, thereby effectively improving the low-frequency performance of the speaker.
- the airflow generated when the speaker is working can easily penetrate the back cavity.
- the distance that the gas penetrates the back cavity gradually increases, and the accumulated granular sound-absorbing materials will hinder the circulation of air in the back cavity, making the sound-absorbing materials unable to achieve the expected performance.
- the granular sound-absorbing materials will move violently in the back cavity with the vibration of the speaker, and the particles will collide with each other, and between the particles and the back cavity wall.
- the collision will change the pore structure inside the granular sound-absorbing materials and affect its performance.
- the powder and debris generated by the collision will enter other working parts of the speaker and affect the performance of the speaker.
- the size of the sound-absorbing particles is generally increased to increase the gap between the particles, so as to improve the permeability of the rear cavity.
- the performance of large-sized particles is often not as good as that of small-sized particles.
- large-sized particles are more likely to break into debris after collision, affecting the performance of the speaker.
- the purpose of the present application is to provide a sound absorbing material packaging structure and a loudspeaker, which can improve the permeability of the rear cavity of the loudspeaker, while also avoiding collision between the sound absorbing material and the cavity wall, thereby improving the performance of the loudspeaker.
- One aspect of the present application provides a sound absorbing material packaging structure, comprising:
- a shell having at least one inner cavity wherein the shell is formed by wrapping with foam having a divergent and interconnected multi-level pore structure, the pore size of the pore is 1 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m, and the volume of the inner cavity accounts for 50-90% of the volume of the shell;
- the granular sound absorbing material filled in the inner cavity has a particle size of 150 ⁇ m-700 ⁇ m.
- a plurality of inner cavities are provided, and the inner cavities are independent of each other or interconnected.
- the volume of the inner cavity accounts for 80-90% of the volume of the shell.
- the foam is melamine foam or polyurethane foam.
- the particulate sound absorbing material includes zeolite and an adhesive
- the type of the zeolite includes one or more of MFI type, FER type, and MEL type.
- the zeolite includes a framework and extra-framework cations, the framework includes silicon dioxide and an oxide of a metal element, and a molar ratio of the silicon dioxide to the oxide of the metal element is greater than 100.
- the molar ratio of the silicon dioxide to the oxide of the metal element is 150-500.
- the shell includes a cover body and a body matching the cover body, the cover body and the body are covered to form the inner cavity, and the packaging method between the cover body and the body includes one of suturing, laser welding, high-temperature melting and adhesive bonding.
- the shell includes a plurality of layered structures stacked in sequence, each of the layered structures includes a cover body and a main body matching the cover body, the cover body and the main body are covered to form the inner cavity, and the packaging method between the cover body and the main body includes one of suturing, laser welding, high-temperature melting and adhesive bonding.
- a loudspeaker comprising the sound absorbing material packaging structure, wherein the sound absorbing material packaging structure is installed in the rear cavity of the loudspeaker by means of pasting or saturation filling.
- the sound-absorbing material packaging structure has a shell with at least one inner cavity and a granular sound-absorbing material filled in the inner cavity, the shell is formed by wrapping with foam having a divergent and interconnected multi-level pore structure, the pore diameter of the pore is 1 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m, and the volume of the inner cavity accounts for 50-90% of the volume of the shell; the particle size of the granular sound-absorbing material is 150 ⁇ m-700 ⁇ m.
- the air permeability of the sound-absorbing material in the rear cavity of the speaker can be increased, thereby improving the sound absorption performance of the speaker; at the same time, the wrapping of the foam can avoid the collision between the granular sound-absorbing material and the cavity wall, and play a protective role on the granular sound-absorbing material.
- the simple granular sound-absorbing material filling the rear cavity of the speaker it has the advantages of stable performance, high mechanical strength and low cost.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure in which sound-absorbing materials are directly filled into the rear cavity of a speaker
- FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a sound absorbing material packaging structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a sound absorbing material packaging structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sound absorbing material packaging structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the speaker 100 includes a shell 1 and a sound-emitting unit 2 accommodated in the shell 1, the sound-emitting unit 2 and the shell 1 enclose a rear cavity 3, and the rear cavity is filled with a sound-absorbing material 4.
- the sound-absorbing material 4 does not use a particle sound-absorbing material packaging structure, and the sound-absorbing material 4 is directly filled in the rear cavity 3 of the speaker 100.
- the size of the sound-absorbing material 4 is generally increased to increase the gap between the particles, so as to improve the permeability of the rear cavity 3.
- the performance of large-sized particles is often not as good as that of small-sized particles.
- large-sized particles are more likely to break and produce debris after collision, affecting the performance of the speaker 100.
- the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 comprises a shell 201 having at least one inner cavity 202 and a granular sound absorbing material 203 filled in the inner cavity 202.
- the shell 201 is formed by wrapping with a foam having a multi-level channel structure that is divergent and interconnected, the channel is connected to the external environment, the pore size of the channel is 1 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m, the volume of the inner cavity 202 accounts for 50-90% of the volume of the shell 201, preferably, the volume of the inner cavity 202 accounts for 80-90% of the volume of the shell 201.
- the particle size of the granular sound absorbing material 203 is 150 ⁇ m-700 ⁇ m, preferably, the particle size of the granular sound absorbing material 203 is 150 ⁇ m-400 ⁇ m.
- the inner cavity 202 of this embodiment is a closed cavity relative to the granular sound absorbing material 203 to prevent the granular sound absorbing material 203 from leaking.
- the foam can increase the air permeability of the sound absorbing material in the rear cavity of the speaker, thereby improving the sound absorption performance of the speaker.
- the wrapping of the foam can prevent the granular sound absorbing material 203 from colliding with the cavity wall, and protect the granular sound absorbing material 203. Compared with simply filling the rear cavity of the speaker with granular sound absorbing material 203 (as shown in FIG. 1 ), it has the advantages of stable performance, high mechanical strength and low cost.
- the foams can be combined to form a plurality of inner cavities 202 , and the inner cavities 202 are independent of each other or interconnected.
- the foam is melamine foam or polyurethane foam.
- the granular sound absorbing material 203 includes zeolite and an adhesive, and the type of zeolite includes one or more of MFI type, FER type, and MEL type.
- the zeolite includes a framework and extra-framework cations, the framework includes silicon dioxide and an oxide of a metal element, and the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to the oxide of the metal element is greater than 100. Preferably, the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to the oxide of the metal element is 150 to 500.
- the extra-framework cations include at least one of hydrogen, ammonium, alkali metal group and alkaline earth metal group.
- the adhesive is one or more of acrylate adhesives, styrene-butadiene adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, epoxy adhesives and silicone adhesives.
- the acrylate adhesives can be selected from methyl acrylate adhesives, ethyl acrylate adhesives, butyl acrylate adhesives, isooctyl acrylate adhesives, methyl methacrylate adhesives, ethyl methacrylate adhesives and combinations thereof;
- the styrene-butadiene adhesives can be selected from high-temperature emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene adhesives and low-temperature emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene adhesives and combinations thereof;
- the polyurethane adhesives can be selected from polyisocyanate adhesives, polyurethane adhesives containing isocyanate groups, polyurethane adhesives containing hydroxyl groups, polyurethane resin adhesives and combinations thereof
- the housing 201 includes a cover 2011 and a body 2012 matched with the cover 2011, the cover 2011 and the body 2012 are covered to form an inner cavity 202, and the packaging method between the cover 2011 and the body 2012 includes one of suturing, laser welding, high temperature melting and adhesive bonding.
- the cover 2011 and the body 2012 are sealed and packaged by adhesive bonding.
- the main body 2012 is in a pocket shape, a granular sound absorbing material 203 with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m-400 ⁇ m is filled in the pocket-shaped main body 2012 , and an adhesive is used to seal the cover 2011 and the main body 2012 .
- the body 2012 has four cavities 2013 in a “cross” distribution, a granular sound absorbing material 203 with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m-400 ⁇ m is filled in the body 2012 , and the cover 2011 and the body 2012 are sealed and packaged using an adhesive.
- the housing 201 includes a plurality of layered structures 2014 stacked in sequence, each layered structure 2014 includes a cover 2011 and a body 2012 matched with the cover 2011, and the cover 2011 and the body 2012 are covered to form an inner cavity 202.
- a granular sound absorbing material 203 with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m-400 ⁇ m is filled in the body 2012 of each layered structure 2014, and an adhesive is used to seal and package the cover 2011 and the body 2012.
- Each layered structure 2014 can also be bonded by an adhesive.
- the embodiment of the present application also provides a speaker, including the above-mentioned sound absorbing material packaging structure 200.
- the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 can be installed in the rear cavity of the speaker by pasting or saturation filling, and the appropriate installation method can be selected according to the specific shape and volume of the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200.
- the volume of the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 is smaller than the volume of the rear cavity of the speaker, and it is pasted on the rear cavity wall of the speaker with an adhesive, which can avoid structural damage and strength reduction caused by friction between the foam and the cavity wall.
- the shape and volume of the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 are similar to the volume and shape of the rear cavity of the speaker, and the sound absorbing material packaging structure is installed in the rear cavity of the speaker by saturation filling, which can avoid the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 shaking in the rear cavity, which affects the performance of the speaker.
- a granular sound-absorbing material with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m-400 ⁇ m is filled into a pocket-shaped body, and an adhesive is used to seal the cover and the body to form a sound-absorbing material packaging structure.
- a granular sound-absorbing material with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m is filled into a body having four cavity structures in a “cross” distribution, and an adhesive is used to seal the cover and the body to form a sound-absorbing material packaging structure.
- a granular sound absorbing material with a particle size of 150 ⁇ m-400 ⁇ m is filled in the empty bodies of each layered structure, and an adhesive is used to seal the cover and the body to form a sound absorbing material packaging structure.
- the granular sound absorbing material is not encapsulated by foam, but is directly placed in the rear cavity of the speaker.
- the resonant frequency (F 0 ) of the loudspeaker is determined by measuring the frequency-dependent resistance and its phase, as well as its corresponding zero-crossing point.
- a loudspeaker with a 2 ml back cavity and a 11 mm*15 mm*3 mm sound-emitting unit is connected to an impedance analyzer, and the granular sound-absorbing materials with a diameter of 300-350 ⁇ m are selected from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples to fill the back cavity of the loudspeaker, and the corresponding F 0 is measured.
- the offset value of F 0 is calculated by comparing with the empty cavity, i.e., ⁇ F 0 ; the peak height of the impedance curve is measured to calculate the damping of the rear cavity of the loudspeaker.
- the reduction of F 0 indicates the degree to which the resonant frequency moves to low frequency.
- the greater the reduction value of F 0 the better the low-frequency performance of the loudspeaker.
- Table 1 Acoustic performance test results of the speakers corresponding to Examples 1-3 and the comparative examples.
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Abstract
Description
本申请涉及电声装置技术领域，具有涉及一种吸声材料封装结构及扬声器。The present application relates to the technical field of electroacoustic devices, and more particularly to a sound absorbing material packaging structure and a loudspeaker.
颗粒吸声材料一般是指具有很多微孔的大比表面积颗粒，将这种颗粒置于扬声器的后腔中，当扬声器工作时，后腔内部气压发生变化，颗粒会吸附和释放空气分子，达到增大后腔虚拟空间的作用，从而改善扬声器的低频性能。目前常用的颗粒吸声材料主要成分一般为沸石，由于沸石具有较高的比表面积和丰富的微孔结构，在扬声器工作时可以脱吸附大量的气体，从而有效改善扬声器的低频性能。Granular sound-absorbing materials generally refer to particles with large specific surface area and many micropores. When such particles are placed in the back cavity of a speaker, the air pressure inside the back cavity changes when the speaker is working, and the particles will adsorb and release air molecules to increase the virtual space of the back cavity, thereby improving the low-frequency performance of the speaker. The main component of the commonly used granular sound-absorbing materials is generally zeolite. Since zeolite has a high specific surface area and rich microporous structure, it can desorb a large amount of gas when the speaker is working, thereby effectively improving the low-frequency performance of the speaker.
在小的扬声器腔体中，由于横向和纵向的距离较小，扬声器工作时产生的气流可以很轻易的穿透后腔。但随着后腔体积的增大，气体穿透后腔的距离也逐渐增加，堆积的颗粒吸声材料会阻碍空气在后腔中的流通，使得吸声材料不能达到预期的性能。同时，扬声器工作时，颗粒吸声材料会随着扬声器的振动在后腔中剧烈运动，颗粒和颗粒之间、颗粒和后腔壁之间会相互碰撞，碰撞会改变颗粒吸声材料内部的孔隙结构，影响其性能，另外碰撞产生的粉末及碎屑进入扬声器的其他工作部件中也会影响扬声器的性能。In a small speaker cavity, due to the small horizontal and vertical distances, the airflow generated when the speaker is working can easily penetrate the back cavity. However, as the volume of the back cavity increases, the distance that the gas penetrates the back cavity gradually increases, and the accumulated granular sound-absorbing materials will hinder the circulation of air in the back cavity, making the sound-absorbing materials unable to achieve the expected performance. At the same time, when the speaker is working, the granular sound-absorbing materials will move violently in the back cavity with the vibration of the speaker, and the particles will collide with each other, and between the particles and the back cavity wall. The collision will change the pore structure inside the granular sound-absorbing materials and affect its performance. In addition, the powder and debris generated by the collision will enter other working parts of the speaker and affect the performance of the speaker.
实际应用中，为了改善颗粒吸声材料在大腔体中的性能，一般会通过增大吸声颗粒的尺寸来增加颗粒之间的间隙，以提高后腔的通透性。但大粒径的颗粒因其相对比表面积较小，性能往往不如小粒径颗粒，同时，大粒径的颗粒碰撞后更容易破碎产生碎屑，影响扬声器性能。In practical applications, in order to improve the performance of granular sound-absorbing materials in large cavities, the size of the sound-absorbing particles is generally increased to increase the gap between the particles, so as to improve the permeability of the rear cavity. However, due to their relatively small specific surface area, the performance of large-sized particles is often not as good as that of small-sized particles. At the same time, large-sized particles are more likely to break into debris after collision, affecting the performance of the speaker.
因此，有必要提供一种吸声材料封装结构及扬声器。Therefore, it is necessary to provide a sound absorbing material packaging structure and a speaker.
本申请的目的在于提供一种吸声材料封装结构及扬声器，能够提高扬声器后腔的通透性，同时还避免吸声材料与腔壁之间的碰撞，改善扬声器的性能。The purpose of the present application is to provide a sound absorbing material packaging structure and a loudspeaker, which can improve the permeability of the rear cavity of the loudspeaker, while also avoiding collision between the sound absorbing material and the cavity wall, thereby improving the performance of the loudspeaker.
本申请的技术方案如下：The technical solution of this application is as follows:
本申请的一个方面提供一种吸声材料封装结构，包括：One aspect of the present application provides a sound absorbing material packaging structure, comprising:
具有至少一个内腔的壳体，所述壳体采用具有发散并相互连通的多级孔道结构的泡棉包裹形成，所述孔道的孔径为1μm-300μm，所述内腔的体积占所述壳体的体积的50-90%；A shell having at least one inner cavity, wherein the shell is formed by wrapping with foam having a divergent and interconnected multi-level pore structure, the pore size of the pore is 1 μm-300 μm, and the volume of the inner cavity accounts for 50-90% of the volume of the shell;
填充于所述内腔中的颗粒吸声材料，所述颗粒吸声材料的粒径为150μm-700μm。The granular sound absorbing material filled in the inner cavity has a particle size of 150 μm-700 μm.
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述内腔设置多个，各所述内腔之间相互独立或相互连通。According to an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of inner cavities are provided, and the inner cavities are independent of each other or interconnected.
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述内腔的体积占所述壳体的体积的80-90%。According to one embodiment of the present application, the volume of the inner cavity accounts for 80-90% of the volume of the shell.
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述泡棉为三聚氰胺泡棉或聚氨酯泡棉。According to one embodiment of the present application, the foam is melamine foam or polyurethane foam.
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述颗粒吸声材料包括沸石和胶粘剂，所述沸石的类型包括MFI型、FER型、MEL型中的一种或多种。According to an embodiment of the present application, the particulate sound absorbing material includes zeolite and an adhesive, and the type of the zeolite includes one or more of MFI type, FER type, and MEL type.
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述沸石包括骨架和骨架外阳离子，所述骨架包括二氧化硅和金属元素的氧化物，所述二氧化硅和所述金属元素的氧化物的摩尔比大于100。According to one embodiment of the present application, the zeolite includes a framework and extra-framework cations, the framework includes silicon dioxide and an oxide of a metal element, and a molar ratio of the silicon dioxide to the oxide of the metal element is greater than 100.
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述二氧化硅和所述金属元素的氧化物的摩尔比为150-500。According to one embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the silicon dioxide to the oxide of the metal element is 150-500.
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述壳体包括盖体和与所述盖体相配合的本体，所述盖体与所述本体盖合以形成所述内腔，所述盖体与所述本体之间的封装方式包括缝合、激光焊接、高温熔融以及胶粘剂粘接的一种。According to one embodiment of the present application, the shell includes a cover body and a body matching the cover body, the cover body and the body are covered to form the inner cavity, and the packaging method between the cover body and the body includes one of suturing, laser welding, high-temperature melting and adhesive bonding.
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述壳体包括依次叠设多个层状结构，各所述层状结构包括盖体和与所述盖体相配合的本体，所述盖体与所述本体盖合以形成所述内腔，所述盖体与所述本体之间的封装方式包括缝合、激光焊接、高温熔融以及胶粘剂粘接的一种。According to one embodiment of the present application, the shell includes a plurality of layered structures stacked in sequence, each of the layered structures includes a cover body and a main body matching the cover body, the cover body and the main body are covered to form the inner cavity, and the packaging method between the cover body and the main body includes one of suturing, laser welding, high-temperature melting and adhesive bonding.
本申请的另一方面提供一种扬声器，包括所述的吸声材料封装结构，所述吸声材料封装结构采用粘贴或饱和式填充的方式安装于所述扬声器的后腔中。Another aspect of the present application provides a loudspeaker, comprising the sound absorbing material packaging structure, wherein the sound absorbing material packaging structure is installed in the rear cavity of the loudspeaker by means of pasting or saturation filling.
本申请的有益效果在于：该吸声材料封装结构具有至少一个内腔的壳体和填充于内腔中的颗粒吸声材料，壳体采用具有发散并相互连通的多级孔道结构的泡棉包裹形成，孔道的孔径为1μm-300μm，内腔的体积占所述壳体的体积的50-90%；颗粒吸声材料的粒径为150μm-700μm。通过采用具有多级孔道结构的泡棉包裹颗粒吸声材料，能够增加吸声材料在扬声器后腔中的透气性，从而改善扬声器的吸声性能;同时泡棉的包裹可以避免颗粒吸声材料与腔壁的碰撞，对颗粒吸声材料起到保护作用，与单纯的颗粒吸声材料填充扬声器的后腔相比，具有性能稳定、机械强度高和成本低等优点。The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the sound-absorbing material packaging structure has a shell with at least one inner cavity and a granular sound-absorbing material filled in the inner cavity, the shell is formed by wrapping with foam having a divergent and interconnected multi-level pore structure, the pore diameter of the pore is 1μm-300μm, and the volume of the inner cavity accounts for 50-90% of the volume of the shell; the particle size of the granular sound-absorbing material is 150μm-700μm. By wrapping the granular sound-absorbing material with foam having a multi-level pore structure, the air permeability of the sound-absorbing material in the rear cavity of the speaker can be increased, thereby improving the sound absorption performance of the speaker; at the same time, the wrapping of the foam can avoid the collision between the granular sound-absorbing material and the cavity wall, and play a protective role on the granular sound-absorbing material. Compared with the simple granular sound-absorbing material filling the rear cavity of the speaker, it has the advantages of stable performance, high mechanical strength and low cost.
图1为直接将吸声材料填充于扬声器的后腔中的结构示意图； Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure in which sound-absorbing materials are directly filled into the rear cavity of a speaker;
图2为本申请一实施例的吸声材料封装结构的示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a sound absorbing material packaging structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请一实施例的吸声材料封装结构的示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a sound absorbing material packaging structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请一实施例的吸声材料封装结构的示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sound absorbing material packaging structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
下面结合附图和实施方式对本申请作进一步说明。The present application is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation methods.
请参见图1，扬声器100包括具有外壳1以及收容于壳体1内的发声单体2，发声单体2与壳体1围合形成后腔3，后腔内填充有吸声材料4。吸声材料4未使用颗粒吸声材料封装结构，直接将吸声材料4填充于扬声器100的后腔3中。实际应用中，为了改善吸声材料4在大腔体中的性能，一般会通过增大吸声材料4的尺寸来增加颗粒之间的间隙，以提高后腔3的通透性。但大粒径的颗粒因其相对比表面积较小，性能往往不如小粒径颗粒，同时，大粒径的颗粒碰撞后更容易破碎产生碎屑，影响扬声器100性能。Please refer to FIG1 , the speaker 100 includes a shell 1 and a sound-emitting unit 2 accommodated in the shell 1, the sound-emitting unit 2 and the shell 1 enclose a rear cavity 3, and the rear cavity is filled with a sound-absorbing material 4. The sound-absorbing material 4 does not use a particle sound-absorbing material packaging structure, and the sound-absorbing material 4 is directly filled in the rear cavity 3 of the speaker 100. In practical applications, in order to improve the performance of the sound-absorbing material 4 in a large cavity, the size of the sound-absorbing material 4 is generally increased to increase the gap between the particles, so as to improve the permeability of the rear cavity 3. However, due to their small relative specific surface area, the performance of large-sized particles is often not as good as that of small-sized particles. At the same time, large-sized particles are more likely to break and produce debris after collision, affecting the performance of the speaker 100.
本申请的实施例提供一种吸声材料封装结构200，如图2-图4所示，该吸声材料封装结构200包括具有至少一个内腔202的壳体201和填充于内腔202中的颗粒吸声材料203。其中，壳体201采用具有发散并相互连通的多级孔道结构的泡棉包裹形成，孔道与外界环境连通，孔道的孔径为1μm-300μm，内腔202的体积占壳体201的体积的50-90%，优选地，内腔202的体积占壳体201的体积的80-90%。颗粒吸声材料203的粒径为150μm-700μm，优选地，颗粒吸声材料203的粒径为150μm-400μm。该实施例的内腔202相对于颗粒吸声材料203是一个密闭的腔体，以防颗粒吸声材料203泄露，泡棉能够增加吸声材料在扬声器的后腔中的透气性，从而改善扬声器的吸声性能，同时泡棉的包裹可以避免颗粒吸声材料203与腔壁的碰撞，对颗粒吸声材料203起到保护作用，与单纯的颗粒吸声材料203填充扬声器的后腔（如图1所示）相比，具有性能稳定、机械强度高和成本低等优点。The embodiment of the present application provides a sound absorbing material packaging structure 200, as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 comprises a shell 201 having at least one inner cavity 202 and a granular sound absorbing material 203 filled in the inner cavity 202. The shell 201 is formed by wrapping with a foam having a multi-level channel structure that is divergent and interconnected, the channel is connected to the external environment, the pore size of the channel is 1 μm-300 μm, the volume of the inner cavity 202 accounts for 50-90% of the volume of the shell 201, preferably, the volume of the inner cavity 202 accounts for 80-90% of the volume of the shell 201. The particle size of the granular sound absorbing material 203 is 150 μm-700 μm, preferably, the particle size of the granular sound absorbing material 203 is 150 μm-400 μm. The inner cavity 202 of this embodiment is a closed cavity relative to the granular sound absorbing material 203 to prevent the granular sound absorbing material 203 from leaking. The foam can increase the air permeability of the sound absorbing material in the rear cavity of the speaker, thereby improving the sound absorption performance of the speaker. At the same time, the wrapping of the foam can prevent the granular sound absorbing material 203 from colliding with the cavity wall, and protect the granular sound absorbing material 203. Compared with simply filling the rear cavity of the speaker with granular sound absorbing material 203 (as shown in FIG. 1 ), it has the advantages of stable performance, high mechanical strength and low cost.
作为一种实施例，泡棉经过组合可以形成多个内腔202，各内腔202之间相互独立或相互连通。As an embodiment, the foams can be combined to form a plurality of inner cavities 202 , and the inner cavities 202 are independent of each other or interconnected.
作为一种实施例，泡棉为三聚氰胺泡棉或聚氨酯泡棉。As an embodiment, the foam is melamine foam or polyurethane foam.
作为一种实施例，颗粒吸声材料203包括沸石和胶粘剂，沸石的类型包括MFI型、FER型、MEL型中的一种或多种。As an embodiment, the granular sound absorbing material 203 includes zeolite and an adhesive, and the type of zeolite includes one or more of MFI type, FER type, and MEL type.
沸石包括骨架和骨架外阳离子，骨架包括二氧化硅和金属元素的氧化物，二氧化硅和金属元素的氧化物的摩尔比大于100。优选地，二氧化硅和金属元素的氧化物的摩尔比为150-500。骨架外阳离子包括氢、铵、碱金属族及碱土金属族中的至少一种。The zeolite includes a framework and extra-framework cations, the framework includes silicon dioxide and an oxide of a metal element, and the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to the oxide of the metal element is greater than 100. Preferably, the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to the oxide of the metal element is 150 to 500. The extra-framework cations include at least one of hydrogen, ammonium, alkali metal group and alkaline earth metal group.
胶粘剂为丙烯酸酯类胶粘剂、丁苯类胶粘剂、聚氨酯类胶粘剂、环氧类胶粘剂以及有机硅类胶粘剂中的一种或多种。丙烯酸酯类胶粘剂可选自丙烯酸甲酯胶粘剂、丙烯酸乙酯胶粘剂、丙烯酸丁酯胶粘剂、丙烯酸异辛酯胶粘剂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯胶粘剂、甲基丙烯酸乙酯胶粘剂及其组合，丁苯类胶粘剂可选自高温乳液聚合丁苯胶及低温乳液聚合丁苯胶及其组合，聚氨酯类胶粘剂可选自多异氰酸酯胶粘剂、含异氰酸酯基的聚氨酯胶粘剂、含羟基聚氨酯胶粘剂、聚氨酯树脂胶粘剂及其组合，环氧类胶粘剂可为冷固化胶、热固化胶或光固化胶，有机硅类胶粘剂为有机硅树脂为基料的胶粘剂或以硅橡胶为基料的胶粘剂。The adhesive is one or more of acrylate adhesives, styrene-butadiene adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, epoxy adhesives and silicone adhesives. The acrylate adhesives can be selected from methyl acrylate adhesives, ethyl acrylate adhesives, butyl acrylate adhesives, isooctyl acrylate adhesives, methyl methacrylate adhesives, ethyl methacrylate adhesives and combinations thereof; the styrene-butadiene adhesives can be selected from high-temperature emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene adhesives and low-temperature emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene adhesives and combinations thereof; the polyurethane adhesives can be selected from polyisocyanate adhesives, polyurethane adhesives containing isocyanate groups, polyurethane adhesives containing hydroxyl groups, polyurethane resin adhesives and combinations thereof; the epoxy adhesives can be cold-curing adhesives, heat-curing adhesives or light-curing adhesives; and the silicone adhesives are adhesives based on silicone resins or silicone rubbers.
作为一种实施例，如图2-图4所示，壳体201包括盖体2011和与盖体2011相配合的本体2012，盖体2011与本体2012盖合以形成内腔202，盖体2011与本体2012之间的封装方式包括缝合、激光焊接、高温熔融以及胶粘剂粘接的一种。优选地，盖体2011与本体2012之间采用胶粘剂粘接的方式密封封装。As an embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, the housing 201 includes a cover 2011 and a body 2012 matched with the cover 2011, the cover 2011 and the body 2012 are covered to form an inner cavity 202, and the packaging method between the cover 2011 and the body 2012 includes one of suturing, laser welding, high temperature melting and adhesive bonding. Preferably, the cover 2011 and the body 2012 are sealed and packaged by adhesive bonding.
一实施例中，如图2所示，本体2012呈口袋状，将150μm-400μm粒径的颗粒吸声材料203填充在口袋状的本体2012中，使用胶粘剂将盖体2011与本体2012进行密封封装。In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 , the main body 2012 is in a pocket shape, a granular sound absorbing material 203 with a particle size of 150 μm-400 μm is filled in the pocket-shaped main body 2012 , and an adhesive is used to seal the cover 2011 and the main body 2012 .
另一实施例中，如图3所示，本体2012具有“十”字分布的四个空腔2013结构，将150μm-400μm粒径的颗粒吸声材料203填充在本体2012中，使用胶粘剂将盖体2011与本体2012进行密封封装。In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the body 2012 has four cavities 2013 in a “cross” distribution, a granular sound absorbing material 203 with a particle size of 150 μm-400 μm is filled in the body 2012 , and the cover 2011 and the body 2012 are sealed and packaged using an adhesive.
另一实施例中，如图4所示，壳体201包括依次叠设多个层状结构2014，各层状结构2014包括盖体2011和盖体2011相配合的本体2012，盖体2011与本体2012盖合以形成内腔202。将150μm-400μm粒径的颗粒吸声材料203填充在各层状结构2014的本体2012中，使用胶粘剂将盖体2011与本体2012进行密封封装。各层状结构2014也可以通过胶粘剂进行粘接。In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 , the housing 201 includes a plurality of layered structures 2014 stacked in sequence, each layered structure 2014 includes a cover 2011 and a body 2012 matched with the cover 2011, and the cover 2011 and the body 2012 are covered to form an inner cavity 202. A granular sound absorbing material 203 with a particle size of 150 μm-400 μm is filled in the body 2012 of each layered structure 2014, and an adhesive is used to seal and package the cover 2011 and the body 2012. Each layered structure 2014 can also be bonded by an adhesive.
本申请的实施例还提供一种扬声器，包括上述的吸声材料封装结构200。吸声材料封装结构200可以采用粘贴或饱和式填充的方式安装于扬声器的后腔中，可以根据吸声材料封装结构200的具体形状和体积选择合适的安装方式。一实施例中，吸声材料封装结构200的体积小于扬声器的后腔的体积，采用胶黏剂粘贴在扬声器的后腔壁上，能够避免泡棉与腔壁摩擦，导致的结构破损和强度下降。另一实施例中，吸声材料封装结构200的形状和体积与扬声器的后腔的体积和形状相近，采用饱和式填充的方式将吸声材料封装结构贴合安装于扬声器的后腔中，能够避免吸声材料封装结构200在后腔中晃动，导致影响扬声器的性能。The embodiment of the present application also provides a speaker, including the above-mentioned sound absorbing material packaging structure 200. The sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 can be installed in the rear cavity of the speaker by pasting or saturation filling, and the appropriate installation method can be selected according to the specific shape and volume of the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200. In one embodiment, the volume of the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 is smaller than the volume of the rear cavity of the speaker, and it is pasted on the rear cavity wall of the speaker with an adhesive, which can avoid structural damage and strength reduction caused by friction between the foam and the cavity wall. In another embodiment, the shape and volume of the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 are similar to the volume and shape of the rear cavity of the speaker, and the sound absorbing material packaging structure is installed in the rear cavity of the speaker by saturation filling, which can avoid the sound absorbing material packaging structure 200 shaking in the rear cavity, which affects the performance of the speaker.
如图2所示，将150μm-400μm粒径的颗粒吸声材料填充在口袋状的本体中，使用胶粘剂将盖体与本体进行密封封装，形成吸声材料封装结构。As shown in FIG. 2 , a granular sound-absorbing material with a particle size of 150 μm-400 μm is filled into a pocket-shaped body, and an adhesive is used to seal the cover and the body to form a sound-absorbing material packaging structure.
如图3所示，将150μm-400μm粒径的颗粒吸声材料填充在具有“十”字分布的四个空腔结构的本体中，使用胶粘剂将盖体与本体进行密封封装，形成吸声材料封装结构。As shown in FIG3 , a granular sound-absorbing material with a particle size of 150 μm to 400 μm is filled into a body having four cavity structures in a “cross” distribution, and an adhesive is used to seal the cover and the body to form a sound-absorbing material packaging structure.
如图4所示，将150μm-400μm粒径的颗粒吸声材料填充在各层状结构的空本体中，使用胶粘剂将盖体与本体进行密封封装，形成吸声材料封装结构。As shown in FIG4 , a granular sound absorbing material with a particle size of 150 μm-400 μm is filled in the empty bodies of each layered structure, and an adhesive is used to seal the cover and the body to form a sound absorbing material packaging structure.
对比例Comparative Example
如图1所示，颗粒吸声材料未使用泡棉进行封装，直接将颗粒吸声材料置于扬声器的后腔中。As shown in FIG1 , the granular sound absorbing material is not encapsulated by foam, but is directly placed in the rear cavity of the speaker.
对实施例1-3以及对比例对应的扬声器分别进行声学性能测试，测试结果如表1所示。The acoustic performance tests were performed on the speakers corresponding to Examples 1-3 and the comparative example, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
声学性能测试Acoustic performance test
扬声器的谐振频率（F 0）通过测量频率依赖性电阻及其相位，以及其相应的过零点来确定。将一个拥有2ml后腔及11mm*15mm*3mm发声单体的扬声器连接到阻抗分析仪，从实施例1-3以及对比例分别筛选直径300~350μm的颗粒吸声材料填满扬声器的后腔，测定对应的F 0，对比空的腔体计算出F 0的偏移值，即△F 0；测试阻抗曲线的峰值高度计算出扬声器后腔的阻尼。其中，F 0降低表示谐振频率向低频移动的程度，一般情况下，F 0降低值越大，扬声器低频性能越好。 The resonant frequency (F 0 ) of the loudspeaker is determined by measuring the frequency-dependent resistance and its phase, as well as its corresponding zero-crossing point. A loudspeaker with a 2 ml back cavity and a 11 mm*15 mm*3 mm sound-emitting unit is connected to an impedance analyzer, and the granular sound-absorbing materials with a diameter of 300-350 μm are selected from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples to fill the back cavity of the loudspeaker, and the corresponding F 0 is measured. The offset value of F 0 is calculated by comparing with the empty cavity, i.e., △F 0 ; the peak height of the impedance curve is measured to calculate the damping of the rear cavity of the loudspeaker. Among them, the reduction of F 0 indicates the degree to which the resonant frequency moves to low frequency. Generally speaking, the greater the reduction value of F 0 , the better the low-frequency performance of the loudspeaker.
表1：对实施例1-3以及对比例对应的扬声器的声学性能测试结果。Table 1: Acoustic performance test results of the speakers corresponding to Examples 1-3 and the comparative examples.
从表1可以看出在使用泡棉对相同质量的颗粒吸声材料进行封装后，与未使用泡棉封装颗粒吸声材料相比，F 0降低，即扬声器的性能及后腔透气性得到明显提升，其中，△F 0提升了10Hz左右，阻尼则提升了1Ω左右。 From Table 1, it can be seen that after the same mass of granular sound-absorbing material is encapsulated with foam, F0 is reduced compared with the granular sound-absorbing material not encapsulated with foam, that is, the performance of the speaker and the air permeability of the rear cavity are significantly improved, among which △ F0 is increased by about 10Hz and the damping is increased by about 1Ω.
以上所述的仅是本申请的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本申请的保护范围。The above is only an implementation method of the present application. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present application, but these improvements are within the scope of protection of the present application.
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