WO2024135801A1 - 多層構造体及びその製造方法、並びにそれを用いた電子デバイスの保護シート及び電子デバイス - Google Patents
多層構造体及びその製造方法、並びにそれを用いた電子デバイスの保護シート及び電子デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024135801A1 WO2024135801A1 PCT/JP2023/046046 JP2023046046W WO2024135801A1 WO 2024135801 A1 WO2024135801 A1 WO 2024135801A1 JP 2023046046 W JP2023046046 W JP 2023046046W WO 2024135801 A1 WO2024135801 A1 WO 2024135801A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/042—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder
- C08J7/0423—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder with at least one layer of inorganic material and at least one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/002—Pretreatement
- B05D3/005—Pretreatment for allowing a non-conductive substrate to be electrostatically coated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/12—Chemical modification
- C08J7/123—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/113—Anti-reflection coatings using inorganic layer materials only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multilayer structure having high gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties and high clarity, a method for producing the same, and a protective sheet for electronic devices and an electronic device using the same.
- Electronic devices such as electronic devices equipped with solar cells or display devices, require a light-transmitting protective member to protect the surface.
- protective members include thick glass plates and protective sheets with excellent barrier properties (oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties) that have a barrier layer on a resin substrate.
- Patent Document 1 describes an electronic device equipped with a protective sheet that includes a multilayer structure in which a coating liquid containing an aluminum-containing compound and a phosphorus compound is applied onto a substrate (X), followed by drying and heat treatment to provide a layer (Y) containing a reaction product, and the reaction product has an average particle size of 5 to 70 nm. It also describes that such a protective sheet has excellent gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties, and can maintain its performance even after a dump heat test.
- the present invention was made based on the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a multilayer structure having high barrier properties and clarity, a method for producing the same, and a protective sheet for electronic devices and an electronic device using the same.
- the present inventors have repeatedly conducted studies using a substrate having high image clarity as the substrate (X), but have found it difficult to achieve high clarity.
- the present inventors have found that the a * value and the b * value of the L * a * b * color system are related to the clarity of the multilayer structure. They have also found that the a * value and the b * value are related to the time from the completion of application of the coating liquid to the start of drying when forming the layer (Y), and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a multilayer structure
- a multilayer structure comprising: [1] a substrate (X) and a layer (Y), the layer (Y) comprising a reaction product (D) of a metal oxide (A) containing an aluminum atom and an inorganic phosphorus compound (BI), at least one pair of the substrate (X) and the layer (Y) being adjacent to each other, the multilayer structure having an a * value of ⁇ 0.8 or more and 0.8 or less and a b * value of ⁇ 0.8 or more and 0.8 or less in the L * a * b * color system measured in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009; [2]
- the multilayer structure according to [1] which satisfies the following condition 1: (Condition 1)
- the white light source is irradiation
- step (II) of heat-treating the precursor layer of the layer (Y) to form a layer (Y), wherein in the step (I), the time from the completion of application of the coating liquid (S) to the start of heating and drying is 1.8 seconds or more and 9.0 seconds or less, and the obtained multilayer structure has an a * value of ⁇ 0.8 or more and 0.8 or less and a b * value of ⁇ 0.8 or more and 0.8 or less in the L * a * b * color system, as measured in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009; [13]
- a droplet of 2.0 ⁇ L of the coating liquid (S) is dropped onto a treated surface of a polyethylene terephthalate film that has been surface-treated with a corona treatment device at an intensity of 130 W min/ m2 under conditions
- [14] The method for producing a multilayer structure according to [13], wherein the coating liquid (S) contains a water/methanol mixed solvent as a solvent, and the water/methanol ratio of the mixed solvent is 3.5/6.5 or more and 7/3 or less; [15] The method for producing a multilayer structure according to any one of [12] to [14], wherein the viscosity of the coating liquid (S) is 400 mPa ⁇ s or more and 5000 mPa ⁇ s or less, and the surface roughness of the layer (Y) measured by white light interferometry is 70 nm or less; [16] A protective sheet for an electronic device, comprising the multilayer structure according to any one of [1] to [11]; [17] The protective sheet according to [16], which is a protective sheet for protecting the surface of a photoelectric conversion device, an information display device, or a lighting device; [18] An electronic device having the protective sheet of [16] or [17]; This is achieved by providing
- the present invention provides a multilayer structure having high barrier properties and clarity, a method for producing the same, and a protective sheet for an electronic device and an electronic device using the same.
- carrier properties primarily refers to both oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties
- gas barrier properties primarily refers to oxygen barrier properties
- clarity is an evaluation of the clarity of an image seen through the multilayer structure of the present invention, and is determined by the visibility of the image seen through the multilayer structure of the present invention when visually inspected, as described in the Examples.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention is a multilayer structure comprising a substrate (X) and a layer (Y), the layer (Y) containing a reaction product (D) of a metal oxide (A) and an inorganic phosphorus compound (BI), at least one pair of the substrate (X) and the layer (Y) are adjacent to each other, and the a * value of the L * a * b * color system measured in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009 is -0.8 or more and 0.8 or less, and the b * value is -0.8 or more and 0.8 or less.
- "adjacent” means that they are directly laminated or laminated via another layer such as an adhesive layer.
- "at least one pair of substrate (X) and layer (Y)" is adjacent to each other means, for example, that when there are multiple substrates (X), one of the substrates (X) may be adjacent to the layer (Y), and the other substrates (X) may or may not be adjacent to the layer (Y).
- one of the layers (Y) may be adjacent to the substrate (X), and the other layers (Y) may or may not be adjacent to the substrate (X). It is preferable that all of the substrates (X) are adjacent to the layers (Y). It is also preferable that all of the layers (Y) are adjacent to the substrate (X).
- the multilayer structure of the present invention has an a * value of -0.8 or more and 0.8 or less, and a b* value of -0.8 or more and 0.8 or less in the L * a * b * color system measured in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009, the multilayer structure has excellent clarity, for example, when used as a protective sheet for an electronic device.
- the method for setting the a* value and b* value of the multilayer structure of the present invention in the above range will be described in detail later, but it is particularly important that the image clarity of the substrate (X) is high, and that the time from the completion of application of the coating liquid (S) to the start of heat drying is in the range of 1.8 seconds or more and 9.0 seconds or less.
- the substrate (X) is not particularly limited, but preferably contains a thermoplastic resin from the viewpoint of having high image clarity.
- the form of the substrate (X) is not particularly limited, but is preferably a layer such as a film or a sheet.
- the substrate (X) preferably contains a thermoplastic resin film or a thermoplastic resin film laminated with an inorganic vapor deposition layer (X'), more preferably contains a thermoplastic resin film, and even more preferably is a thermoplastic resin film.
- Thermoplastic resins used in the substrate (X) include, for example, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and copolymers thereof; polyamide resins such as nylon-6, nylon-66, and nylon-12; hydroxyl-containing polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers; polystyrene; poly(meth)acrylic acid esters; polyacrylonitrile; polyvinyl acetate; polycarbonate; polyarylate; regenerated cellulose; polyimide; polyetherimide; polysulfone; polyethersulfone; polyetheretherketone; ionomer resins, and the like.
- polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene-2,6-na
- thermoplastic resin used in the substrate (X) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon-6, and nylon-66, and more preferably polyethylene terephthalate from the viewpoint of excellent image clarity.
- the substrate (X) may contain inorganic or organic fine particles to impart slipperiness and blocking resistance, but from the viewpoint of image clarity of the substrate (X), when inorganic or organic fine particles are contained, they are preferably contained in the surface layer described below. In other words, from the viewpoint of image clarity, it may be preferable that no inorganic or organic fine particles are contained in any part of the substrate (X) other than the surface layer.
- inorganic fine particles include metals such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, rhenium, vanadium, osmium, cobalt, iron, zinc, ruthenium, praseodymium, chromium, nickel, aluminum, tin, zinc, titanium, tantalum, zirconium, antimony, indium, yttrium, and lanthanum, metal oxides such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cesium oxide, antimony oxide, tin oxide, indium-tin oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxide, metal fluorides such as lithium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and cryolite, metal phosphates such as calcium phosphate, carbonates such as calcium carbonate, sulfates such as barium sulfate, and other talc and kaolin.
- metals such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, rhenium, vana
- organic fine particles examples include crosslinked fine particles such as silicone compounds, crosslinked styrene, crosslinked acrylic, and crosslinked melamine, as well as thermoplastic resins that are incompatible with the thermoplastic resin constituting the base layer (X) but are finely dispersed to form a sea-island structure.
- the average particle size of the microparticles used is preferably 0.001 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the substrate (X) may be a stretched film or a non-stretched film.
- a stretched film particularly a biaxially stretched film, is preferred because the resulting multilayer structure has excellent processing suitability (printing, lamination, etc.).
- the biaxially stretched film may be a biaxially stretched film produced by any of the simultaneous biaxial stretching method, the sequential biaxial stretching method, and the tubular stretching method.
- each layer of the substrate (X) is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 7 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of each layer of the substrate (X) is 5 ⁇ m or more, the mechanical strength and processability tend to be excellent.
- the thickness of each layer of the substrate (X) is 200 ⁇ m or less, the flexibility of the resulting multilayer structure tends to be excellent.
- the substrate (X) preferably has high image clarity, and the image clarity of the substrate (X) is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 92% or more.
- the image clarity of the substrate (X) may be 99% or less, 97% or less, 96% or less, or 95% or less from the viewpoint of production costs.
- the a * value and b * value of the resulting multilayer structure are easily adjusted to be ⁇ 0.8 or more and 0.8 or less.
- the substrate (X) has an image clarity of 85% or more, it becomes easy to adjust the standard deviation of the luminance value of the multilayer structure described later to a low value, and the surface unevenness of the layer (Y) is also easily adjusted to a small value.
- the image clarity of the substrate (X) is the average value of five measured values measured at an optical comb width of 0.25 mm in accordance with ISO17221.
- Methods for adjusting the image clarity of the substrate (X) to 85% or more include not including additives (e.g., inorganic fine particles and organic fine particles) in layers other than the surface layer described below, or including only small amounts of additives, if any, and providing a surface layer described below.
- additives e.g., inorganic fine particles and organic fine particles
- the substrate (X) preferably has a surface layer in order to provide various functions and to improve the image clarity of the substrate (X).
- the surface layer is a layer provided on the surface of the substrate (X) and may be provided on one side or both sides of the substrate (X).
- the surface layer is not particularly limited as long as it has adhesiveness to the material used for the substrate (X), but it is preferable that the surface layer is mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin.
- “mainly composed” means more than 50 mass%.
- the thermoplastic resin polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, alkyd resin, acrylic resin, urea resin, urethane resin, etc. can be suitably used.
- thermoplastic resins for example, a polyester resin and a urethane resin, a polyester resin and an acrylic resin, or a urethane resin and an acrylic resin, etc. may be used in combination.
- a polyester resin and a urethane resin for example, a polyester resin and an acrylic resin, or a urethane resin and an acrylic resin, etc.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of polyester resin, acrylic resin, and urethane resin is preferable, and polyester resin is more preferable.
- the surface layer may contain various crosslinking agents, as this can improve heat-resistant adhesion and at the same time dramatically improve moisture-resistant adhesion.
- various crosslinking agents such as this can improve heat-resistant adhesion and at the same time dramatically improve moisture-resistant adhesion.
- the surface layer when a polyester resin, urethane resin, or acrylic resin is used as the main component of the surface layer and a crosslinkable functional group is copolymerized in the resin, it is preferable for the surface layer to further contain a crosslinking agent.
- the thermoplastic resin and crosslinking agent that make up the surface layer can be mixed in any ratio, but in terms of improving adhesion, it is preferable for the crosslinking agent to be 0.2 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of resin, more preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by weight, and even more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight.
- the surface layer may contain the inorganic or organic fine particles described above to impart slipperiness and blocking resistance.
- X Commercially available products can be used as the substrate (X).
- examples of commercially available products with high image clarity include Lumirror (registered trademark) U403, U483, A48, and XW731C manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., RH210 manufactured by Hyosung Co., Ltd., Diafoil (registered trademark) T600 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Cosmoshine (registered trademark) A4160, SRF, and Toyobo Ester (registered trademark) Film HPE manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. These have a surface layer on both sides or one side.
- the substrate (X) is preferably surface-treated from the viewpoint of the coatability of the coating liquid (S) described below and the barrier properties of the resulting multilayer structure.
- the surface treatment can be carried out by a known method, such as UV ozone treatment, high-concentration ozone water treatment, excimer ozone treatment, corona treatment, oxygen plasma treatment, or AP plasma treatment.
- the thermoplastic resin film laminated with the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') used as the substrate (X) is usually a film that has a barrier property against oxygen and water vapor, and is a film that has transparency.
- the layer (Y) described later is usually laminated on the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') side.
- the thermoplastic resin film used in the thermoplastic resin film laminated with the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') the thermoplastic resin film exemplified as the substrate (X) above can be used.
- the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') can be formed by vapor deposition of an inorganic substance.
- the inorganic substance examples include metal oxides (e.g., silicon oxide, aluminum oxide), metal nitrides (e.g., silicon nitride), and metal nitride oxides (e.g., silicon oxynitride).
- metal oxides e.g., silicon oxide, aluminum oxide
- metal nitrides e.g., silicon nitride
- metal nitride oxides e.g., silicon oxynitride
- an inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') formed of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, or silicon nitride is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent transparency.
- the method for forming the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include physical vapor deposition methods such as vacuum vapor deposition (e.g., resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, etc.), sputtering, and ion plating; and chemical vapor deposition methods such as thermal chemical vapor deposition (e.g., catalytic chemical vapor deposition), photochemical vapor deposition, plasma chemical vapor deposition (e.g., capacitively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma, surface wave plasma, electron cyclotron resonance, dual magnetron, atomic layer deposition, etc.), and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition.
- physical vapor deposition methods such as vacuum vapor deposition (e.g., resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, etc.), sputtering, and ion plating
- chemical vapor deposition methods such as thermal chemical vapor deposition
- the thickness of the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') varies depending on the type of components constituting the inorganic vapor deposition layer, but is preferably 0.002 to 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.005 to 0.2 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.01 to 0.1 ⁇ m. A thickness within this range may be selected that provides good barrier properties and mechanical properties for the multilayer structure. If the thickness of the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') is 0.002 ⁇ m or more, the barrier properties of the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') against oxygen and water vapor tend to be good. Furthermore, if the thickness of the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') is 0.5 ⁇ m or less, the barrier properties of the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X') after bending tend to be adequately maintained.
- the substrate (X) one type of substrate may be used alone, or two or more types of substrates may be used in combination. When the substrate (X) has multiple layers, the substrates (X) may be the same or different.
- the layer (Y) contains a reaction product (D) of a metal oxide (A) and an inorganic phosphorus compound (BI).
- the layer (Y) functions as a barrier layer, so that the multilayer structure of the present invention tends to have good barrier properties when it is provided with the layer (Y).
- the a * value of the L * a * b * color system measured in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009, can be set to be ⁇ 0.8 or more and 0.8 or less, and the b * value can be set to be ⁇ 0.8 or more and 0.8 or less.
- the multilayer structure can satisfy the condition 1 described in detail later.
- Metal oxide (A) containing aluminum atoms The metal atoms constituting the metal oxide (A) (they may be collectively referred to as "metal atoms (M)”) are at least one metal atom selected from metal atoms belonging to groups 2 to 14 of the periodic table, and include at least an aluminum atom.
- the metal atom (M) is preferably an aluminum atom alone, but may include an aluminum atom and other metal atoms.
- two or more metal oxides (A) may be mixed and used as the metal oxide (A).
- metal atoms other than aluminum atoms include metals in group 2 of the periodic table such as magnesium and calcium; metals in group 12 of the periodic table such as zinc; metals in group 13 of the periodic table; metals in group 14 of the periodic table such as silicon; transition metals such as titanium and zirconium.
- silicon may be classified as a metalloid, but in this specification, silicon is included in the metal.
- the metal atom (M) that can be used in combination with aluminum is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium and zirconium, from the viewpoint of excellent handling properties and gas barrier properties of the resulting multilayer structure.
- the proportion of aluminum atoms in the metal atoms (M) is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, and even more preferably 90 mol% or more. Even if it is 95 mol% or more, it may be composed essentially of aluminum atoms only.
- metal oxides (A) include metal oxides produced by methods such as liquid phase synthesis, gas phase synthesis, and solid grinding.
- the metal oxide (A) may be a hydrolysis condensate of a compound (E) (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "compound (E)”) containing a metal atom (M) to which a hydrolyzable characteristic group is bonded.
- compound (E) hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "compound (E)"
- Examples of the characteristic group include a halogen atom, NO 3 , an alkoxy group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an aryloxy group having 6 to 9 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an acyloxy group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyloxy group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a ⁇ -diketonato group having 5 to 15 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or a diacylmethyl group having an acyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the hydrolysis condensate of the compound (E) can be substantially regarded as the metal oxide (A).
- the hydrolysis condensate of the compound (E) may be referred to as "metal oxide (A)". That is, in this specification, the term “metal oxide (A)” can be read as “hydrolysis condensation product of compound (E)", and the term “hydrolysis condensation product of compound (E)” can be read as “metal oxide (A)".
- Compound (E) containing a metal atom (M) having a hydrolyzable characteristic group bonded thereto It is preferable that the compound (E) contains a compound (Ea) containing an aluminum atom, which will be described later, because this makes it easier to control the reaction with the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) and results in an excellent gas barrier property of the resulting multilayer structure.
- Examples of the compound (Ea) include aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum acetate, tris(2,4-pentanedionato)aluminum, trimethoxyaluminum, triethoxyaluminum, tri-n-propoxyaluminum, triisopropoxyaluminum, tri-n-butoxyaluminum, tri-sec-butoxyaluminum, tri-tert-butoxyaluminum, etc., of which triisopropoxyaluminum and tri-sec-butoxyaluminum are preferred. Two or more types of compound (Ea) may be used in combination.
- the compound (E) may also contain a compound (Eb) containing a metal atom (M) other than aluminum.
- the compound (Eb) include titanium compounds such as tetrakis(2,4-pentanedionato)titanium, tetramethoxytitanium, tetraethoxytitanium, tetraisopropoxytitanium, tetra-n-butoxytitanium, and tetrakis(2-ethylhexoxy)titanium; and zirconium compounds such as tetrakis(2,4-pentanedionato)zirconium, tetra-n-propoxyzirconium, and tetra-n-butoxyzirconium. These compounds (Eb) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the proportion of compound (Ea) in compound (E) is not particularly limited, and is preferably 80 mol% or more, more preferably 90 mol% or more, even more preferably 95 mol% or more, and may be 100 mol%.
- the oxygen atom (O) bonded only to the metal atom (M) is the oxygen atom (O) in the structure represented by M-O-M, and excludes oxygen atoms bonded to the metal atom (M) and the hydrogen atom (H), such as the oxygen atom (O) in the structure represented by M-O-H.
- the above ratio in the metal oxide (A) is preferably 0.9 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more, and even more preferably 1.1 or more. There is no particular upper limit to this ratio, but it is usually expressed as n/2, where n is the valence of the metal atom (M).
- compound (E) has hydrolyzable characteristic groups. If these groups are not bonded, the hydrolysis and condensation reaction will not occur or will occur very slowly, making it difficult to prepare the desired metal oxide (A).
- the hydrolysis condensate of compound (E) may be produced from a specific raw material by, for example, a method employed in a known sol-gel method.
- the raw material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of compound (E), a partial hydrolysis product of compound (E), a complete hydrolysis product of compound (E), a compound obtained by partial hydrolysis condensation of compound (E), and a compound obtained by partial condensation of a complete hydrolysis product of compound (E).
- the metal oxide (A) to be mixed with the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI)-containing material (inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) or a composition containing inorganic phosphorus compound (BI)) described below does not substantially contain phosphorus atoms.
- the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) contains a site capable of reacting with the metal oxide (A), typically containing a plurality of such sites, preferably containing 2 to 20. Such sites include sites capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl groups) present on the surface of the metal oxide (A), such as halogen atoms directly bonded to phosphorus atoms and oxygen atoms directly bonded to phosphorus atoms.
- the functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl groups) present on the surface of the metal oxide (A) are usually bonded to metal atoms (M) constituting the metal oxide (A).
- Examples of inorganic phosphorus compounds include phosphorus oxoacids such as phosphoric acid, diphosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid in which four or more molecules of phosphoric acid are condensed, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinic acid, and phosphineous acid, as well as salts thereof (e.g., sodium phosphate), and derivatives thereof (e.g., halides (e.g., phosphoryl chloride), dehydrates (e.g., diphosphorus pentoxide)).
- phosphorus oxoacids such as phosphoric acid, diphosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid in which four or more molecules of phosphoric acid are condensed, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinic acid, and phosphineous acid, as well as salts thereof (e.g., sodium phosphate), and derivatives thereof (e.g.
- phosphoric acid alone or to use phosphoric acid in combination with another inorganic phosphorus compound (BI).
- phosphoric acid it is preferable that 50 mol % or more of the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) is phosphoric acid.
- reaction product (D) The reaction product (D) is obtained by the reaction of the metal oxide (A) with the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI). Compounds produced by the reaction of the metal oxide (A), the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI), and further another compound are also included in the reaction product (D).
- the maximum absorption wave number in the region of 800 to 1400 cm ⁇ 1 is preferably in the range of 1080 to 1130 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the metal atom (M) derived from the metal oxide (A) and the phosphorus atom (P) derived from the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) form a bond represented by M-O-P via the oxygen atom (O).
- a characteristic absorption band derived from the bond is generated in the infrared absorption spectrum of the reaction product (D).
- the obtained multilayer structure exhibits excellent gas barrier properties.
- the characteristic absorption band is the strongest absorption in the region of 800 to 1400 cm ⁇ 1 where absorption derived from bonds between various atoms and oxygen atoms is generally found, the obtained multilayer structure exhibits even more excellent gas barrier properties.
- the half width of the maximum absorption band in the region of 800 to 1400 cm is preferably 200 cm or less, more preferably 150 cm or less, further preferably 100 cm or less, and particularly preferably 50 cm or less, from the viewpoint of the gas barrier property of the resulting multilayer structure.
- the infrared absorption spectrum of layer (Y) can be measured by attenuated total reflection using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (Spectrum One manufactured by PerkinElmer Co., Ltd.) with a measurement range of 800 to 1400 cm-1.
- a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer Spectrum One manufactured by PerkinElmer Co., Ltd.
- it may be measured by reflection measurement such as reflection absorption method, external reflection method, or attenuated total reflection method, or by scraping layer (Y) from the multilayer structure and measuring it by transmission measurement such as the Nujol method or tablet method, but is not limited to these.
- the layer (Y) may also partially contain metal oxide (A) and/or inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) that are not involved in the reaction.
- the molar ratio in the layer (Y) can be adjusted by the mixing ratio of the metal oxide (A) and the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) in the coating liquid (S) for forming the layer (Y).
- the molar ratio in the layer (Y) is usually the same as the ratio in the coating liquid (S).
- the layer (Y) may further contain other components.
- other components that may be contained in the layer (Y) include a polymer (F) having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic anhydride group, and a salt of a carboxyl group (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "polymer (F)"), an organic phosphorus compound (BO), a crosslinking agent-containing resin composition (V), inorganic acid metal salts such as carbonates, hydrochlorides, nitrates, hydrogen carbonates, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates, and borates, organic acid metal salts such as oxalates, acetates, tartrates, and stearates, metal complexes such as cyclopentadienyl metal complexes (e.g., titanocene) and cyano metal complexes (
- the content of the other components in layer (Y) in the multilayer structure is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, even more preferably 10% by mass or less, particularly preferably 5% by mass or less, and may be 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, or 0% by mass (no other components included). From the viewpoint of having higher clarity in the multilayer structure of the present invention, it is preferable that the content of other components is low.
- the polymer (F) has at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic anhydride group, and a salt of a carboxyl group.
- the polymer (F) is preferably a polymer having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.
- polymer (F) examples include polyethylene glycol; polyvinyl alcohol-based polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 1 to 50 mol% of ⁇ -olefin units having 4 or less carbon atoms, and polyvinyl acetal (polyvinyl butyral, etc.); polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch; (meth)acrylic acid-based polymers such as polyhydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylic acid, and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer; maleic acid-based polymers such as hydrolysates of ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, hydrolysates of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and hydrolysates of isobutylene-maleic anhydride alternating copolymer. Among these, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol-based polymers are preferred.
- the polymer (F) may be a homopolymer of a monomer having a polymerizable group, a copolymer of two or more kinds of monomers, or a copolymer of a monomer having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic anhydride group, and a salt of a carboxyl group and a monomer not having said group.
- two or more kinds of polymers (F) may be mixed and used as the polymer (F).
- the molecular weight of polymer (F) is not particularly limited, but in order to obtain a multilayer structure having better gas barrier properties and mechanical strength, the weight average molecular weight of polymer (F) is preferably 5,000 or more, more preferably 8,000 or more, and even more preferably 10,000 or more. There is no particular upper limit to the weight average molecular weight of polymer (F), and it is, for example, 1,500,000 or less.
- the content of polymer (F) in layer (Y) is preferably less than 50 mass% based on the mass of layer (Y), more preferably 20 mass% or less, even more preferably 10 mass% or less, and may be 0 mass%. Polymer (F) may or may not react with components in layer (Y).
- Organic phosphorus compound (BO) is preferably a polymer (BOa) having a plurality of phosphorus atoms or an organic phosphorus compound (BOb).
- polymer having multiple phosphorus atoms examples include a phosphate group, a phosphite group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphonite group, a phosphinic acid group, a phosphineous acid group, and functional groups derived therefrom (for example, salts, (partial) ester compounds, halides (for example, chlorides), dehydrates), and the like.
- a phosphate group and a phosphonic acid group are preferred, and a phosphonic acid group is more preferred.
- polymers of the polymer (BOa) include polymers of phosphono(meth)acrylic acid esters such as 6-[(2-phosphonoacetyl)oxy]hexyl acrylate, 2-phosphonooxyethyl methacrylate, phosphonomethyl methacrylate, 11-phosphonoundecyl methacrylate, and 1,1-diphosphonoethyl methacrylate; polymers of vinylphosphonic acids such as vinylphosphonic acid, 2-propene-1-phosphonic acid, 4-vinylbenzylphosphonic acid, and 4-vinylphenylphosphonic acid; polymers of vinylphosphinic acids such as vinylphosphinic acid and 4-vinylbenzylphosphinic acid; and phosphorylated starch.
- phosphono(meth)acrylic acid esters such as 6-[(2-phosphonoacetyl)oxy]hexyl acrylate, 2-phosphonooxyethyl methacrylate, phosphonomethyl methacryl
- the polymer (BOa) may be a homopolymer of a monomer having at least one functional group containing a phosphorus atom, or a copolymer of two or more monomers. In addition, two or more polymers made of a single monomer may be used in combination as the polymer (BOa). Among these, polymers of phosphono(meth)acrylic acid esters and polymers of vinylphosphonic acids are preferred, polymers of vinylphosphonic acids are more preferred, and polyvinylphosphonic acid is even more preferred.
- the polymer (BOa) can also be obtained by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing a vinylphosphonic acid derivative such as a vinylphosphonic acid halide or a vinylphosphonic acid ester, followed by hydrolysis.
- the polymer (BOa) may also be a copolymer of a monomer having at least one phosphorus-containing functional group and another vinyl monomer.
- vinyl monomers that can be copolymerized with a monomer having a phosphorus-containing functional group include (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, styrene, nuclear-substituted styrenes, alkyl vinyl ethers, alkyl vinyl esters, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers, perfluoroalkyl vinyl esters, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleimide, and phenylmaleimide, among which (meth)acrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile, styrene, maleimide, and phenylmaleimide are preferred.
- the proportion of structural units derived from a monomer having a functional group containing a phosphorus atom in the total structural units of the polymer (BOa) is preferably 10 mol % or more, more preferably 40 mol % or more, even more preferably 70 mol % or more, particularly preferably 90 mol % or more, and may be 100 mol %.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer (BOa) is in the range of 1,000 to 100,000. If the number average molecular weight is in this range, it is possible to achieve a high level of both the effect of improving the flex resistance of the multilayer structure of the present invention and the viscosity stability of the coating liquid (S) when the coating liquid (S) described below is used.
- layer (Y) of the multilayer structure contains a polymer (BOa)
- the ratio WBOa/WBI of the mass WBI of the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) in layer (Y) to the mass WBOa of the polymer (BOa) satisfies the relationship 0.01/99.99 ⁇ WBOa/WBI ⁇ 6.00/94.00, and from the standpoint of excellent barrier performance, it is more preferable that it satisfies the relationship 0.10/99.90 ⁇ WBOa/WBI ⁇ 4.50/95.50, even more preferable that it satisfies the relationship 0.20/99.80 ⁇ WBOa/WBI ⁇ 4.00/96.00, and particularly preferable that it satisfies the relationship 0.50/99.50 ⁇ WBOa/WBI ⁇ 3.50/96.50.
- the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) and/or the organic phosphorus compound (BOa) react in the layer (Y), the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) and/or the organic phosphorus compound (BOa) constituting the reaction product (D) is regarded as the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) and/or the organic phosphorus compound (BOa).
- the mass of the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) and/or the organic phosphorus compound (BOa) used to form the reaction product (D) (the mass of the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) and/or the organic phosphorus compound (BOa) before the reaction) is included in the mass of the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) and/or the organic phosphorus compound (BOa) in the layer (Y).
- organic phosphorus compound (BOb) In the organic phosphorus compound (BOb), a phosphorus atom having at least one hydroxyl group bonded thereto is bonded to a polar group via an alkylene chain or polyoxyalkylene chain having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the organic phosphorus compound (BOb) has a lower surface free energy than the metal oxide (A), the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI), and their reaction products (D), and segregates to the surface side during the precursor formation process of the layer (Y). As a result, the bending resistance of the multilayer structure of the present invention and the adhesion between the layer (Y) and a layer directly laminated thereto may be improved.
- Organophosphorus compounds include, for example, 3-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid, 4-hydroxybutylphosphonic acid, 5-hydroxypentylphosphonic acid, 6-hydroxyhexylphosphonic acid, 7-hydroxyheptylphosphonic acid, 8-hydroxyoctylphosphonic acid, 9-hydroxynonylphosphonic acid, 10-hydroxydecylphosphonic acid, 11-hydroxyundecylphosphonic acid, 12-hydroxydodecylphosphonic acid, 13-hydroxydotridecylphosphonic acid, 14-hydroxytetradecylphosphonic acid, 15-hydroxypentadecylphosphonic acid, 16-hydroxyhexadecylphosphonic acid, 17-hydroxyheptadecylphosphonic acid, 18-Hydroxyoctadecylphosphonic acid, 19-hydroxynonadecylphosphonic acid, 20-hydroxyicosylphosphonic acid, 3-hydroxypropyl dihydrogen phosphate, 4-hydroxybutyl dihydrogen phosphate
- the ratio MBOb/MBI of the number of moles of the organic phosphorus compound (BOb) to the number of moles of the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) in layer (Y) preferably satisfies the relationship of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ MBOb/MBI ⁇ 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 , more preferably satisfies the relationship of 3.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ MBOb/MBI ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 , and further preferably satisfies the relationship of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ MBOb/MBI ⁇ 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 .
- the C/Al ratio of layer (Y) of the multilayer structure in the surface to 5 nm away from the side not in contact with the substrate (X), as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 15.0, more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 10.0, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5.0. Having a C/Al ratio on the surface of layer (Y) in the above range may improve the adhesion between layer (Y) and adjacent layers.
- the layer (Y) may have good flex resistance by containing a crosslinking agent-containing resin composition (V).
- the crosslinking agent-containing resin composition (V) is composed of a hydroxyl-containing resin and a crosslinking agent.
- the hydroxyl-containing resin include hydroxyl-containing epoxy resins, hydroxyl-containing polyester resins, hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylic resins, hydroxyl-containing polyurethane resins, vinyl alcohol-based resins, polysaccharides, and the like.
- a vinyl alcohol-based resin or a polysaccharide more preferably to contain a vinyl alcohol-based resin, and even more preferably to contain a polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- a crosslinking agent a silicon compound having a glycidyl group, an organic titanium compound, or an organic zirconium compound is preferably used.
- the mass ratio of the hydroxyl-containing resin to the crosslinking agent is preferably 2.0 to 200, more preferably 9.0 to 60.
- the thickness of the layer (Y) (when the multilayer structure has two or more layers (Y), the total thickness of each layer (Y)) is preferably 0.05 to 4.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of each layer (Y) is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of gas barrier properties.
- the thickness of the layer (Y) can be controlled by the concentration of the coating liquid (S) described later used in forming the layer (Y) or the coating method thereof.
- the thickness of the layer (Y) can be measured by observing the cross section of the multilayer structure with a scanning electron microscope or a transmission electron microscope.
- the surface unevenness of the layer (Y) measured by white light interferometry is preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 65 nm or less, and even more preferably 60 nm or less.
- the clarity of the multilayer structure is further improved. Details of the method for making the surface unevenness of the layer (Y) 70 nm or less will be described later, but it is particularly important to use a substrate (X) with high image clarity and smoothness, and to apply the coating liquid (S) described later with a viscosity of 400 mPa ⁇ s or more and 5000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the surface unevenness may be 1 nm or more, 5 nm or more, 10 nm or more, 20 nm or more, or 30 nm or more.
- the surface unevenness of layer (Y) is measured using a scanning white light interference microscope as the difference between the highest point and the lowest point in a measurement range of 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm.
- the surface unevenness of layer (Y) is the average value of the measured values in the measurement range of 10 points.
- the surface unevenness of layer (Y) refers to the unevenness of the surface of layer (Y) adjacent to substrate (X) on the side opposite to substrate (X).
- the surface unevenness of layer (Y) may refer to the unevenness of the exposed surface of layer (Y).
- the number of layers (Y) may be one or two or more. Having two or more layers (Y) tends to improve the barrier properties.
- the lamination method is not particularly limited, and the layers (Y) may be directly disposed on one or both sides of the substrate, or a multilayer structure including the layer (Y) may be bonded together using an adhesive layer (I) described below.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention may have a layer (W) containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a polymer (F), an organic phosphorus compound (BO) and a crosslinking agent-containing resin composition (V) directly laminated on the surface of the layer (Y) opposite to the substrate (X).
- a layer (W) containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a polymer (F), an organic phosphorus compound (BO) and a crosslinking agent-containing resin composition (V) directly laminated on the surface of the layer (Y) opposite to the substrate (X).
- layer (W) When the multilayer structure of the present invention includes layer (W), it is preferable that layer (W) is directly laminated with layer (Y).
- layer (Y) The preferred embodiments of the polymer (F), the organic phosphorus compound (BO), and the crosslinking agent-containing resin composition (V) that can be contained in layer (W) are as described above.
- the layer (W) may further contain other components, such as inorganic acid metal salts such as carbonates, hydrochlorides, nitrates, hydrogen carbonates, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates, and borates; organic acid metal salts such as oxalates, acetates, tartrates, and stearates; metal complexes such as cyclopentadienyl metal complexes (e.g., titanocene) and cyano metal complexes (e.g., Prussian blue); layered clay compounds, crosslinking agents, polymer compounds other than the polymer (BOa) and the polymer (F), plasticizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and flame retardants.
- inorganic acid metal salts such as carbonates, hydrochlorides, nitrates, hydrogen carbonates, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates, and borates
- organic acid metal salts such as oxalates, acetates, tartrates, and
- the content of the other components in the layer (W) is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and even more preferably 5% by mass or less, and may be 2% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, or 0% by mass (no other components).
- the thickness is preferably 0.005 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of improving the flex resistance of the multilayer structure of the present invention.
- the thickness of the layer (W) There is no particular upper limit to the thickness of the layer (W), but since the effect of improving the flex resistance reaches saturation at a thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m or more, it is economically preferable to set the upper limit of the thickness of the layer (W) to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention may have an adhesive layer (AC) between the substrate (X) and the layer (Y).
- the adhesive layer (AC) By providing the adhesive layer (AC), the adhesion between the substrate (X) and the layer (Y) may be increased.
- the substrate (X) has a surface layer
- the adhesive constituting the adhesive layer (AC) is not particularly limited as long as it has adhesive properties between the substrate (X) and the layer (Y), and examples thereof include polyurethane-based adhesives and polyester-based adhesives.
- the adhesive properties can be further improved by adding a small amount of an additive such as a known silane coupling agent to these adhesives.
- silane coupling agents include silane coupling agents having reactive groups such as an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a ureido group, and a mercapto group.
- polyurethane adhesives Although known polyurethane adhesives can be used, it is preferable to use a two-component polyurethane adhesive in which a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component are mixed and reacted.
- Commercially available two-component polyurethane adhesives can be used, such as Takelac (registered trademark) and Takenate (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- Polarity-known polyester adhesives can be used, and commercially available products include, for example, Elitel (registered trademark) KT-0507, KT-8701, KT-8803, KT-9204, KA-5034, KA-3556, KA-1449, KA-5071S, KZA-1449S (all manufactured by Unitika Ltd.), Vylonal (registered trademark) MD-1200, Vylonal MD-1480 (all manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), PES Resin A124GP, PES Resin A684G (manufactured by Takamatsu Oil Co., Ltd.).
- the addition of a vinyl alcohol resin, particularly polyvinyl alcohol, to a polyester adhesive may further increase adhesion.
- the mass ratio (vinyl alcohol resin/polyester resin) is preferably 1/99 or more and 50/50 or less from the viewpoint of maintaining good adhesion while exhibiting higher peel strength.
- the polyester resin is preferably a polyester resin having a carboxyl group from the viewpoint of affinity with the vinyl alcohol resin.
- the polyester resin when used as an adhesive, is preferably an aqueous dispersion. When the polyester resin is an aqueous dispersion, the affinity with the polyvinyl alcohol resin tends to be better.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer (AC) is preferably 0.001 to 10.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention may contain another layer (J) in order to improve various properties (e.g., heat sealability, barrier properties, mechanical properties).
- a multilayer structure of the present invention can be produced, for example, by laminating the layer (Y) (if necessary via an adhesive layer (AC)) on the substrate (X), and further adhering or forming the other layer (J) directly or via an adhesive layer (I) described below.
- the other layer (J) include, but are not limited to, an ink layer, a polyolefin layer, a thermoplastic resin layer such as an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin layer, and the like.
- the ink layer may be, for example, a film obtained by drying a liquid in which a polyurethane resin containing a pigment (e.g., titanium dioxide) is dispersed in a solvent, but it may also be a film obtained by drying an ink containing a polyurethane resin that does not contain a pigment or other resin as a main component, or a resist for forming electronic circuit wiring.
- a coating method for the ink layer is preferably 0.5 to 10.0 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1.0 to 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the outermost layer of the multilayer structure of the present invention is a polyolefin layer, it is possible to impart heat sealability to the multilayer structure and improve the mechanical properties of the multilayer structure.
- the polyolefin is preferably polypropylene or polyethylene.
- polyethylene terephthalate is preferable as the polyester
- nylon-6 is preferable as the polyamide
- ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is preferable as the hydroxyl group-containing polymer.
- the other layer (J) may be a layer formed by extrusion coating lamination.
- extrusion coating lamination method There is no particular limitation on the extrusion coating lamination method that can be used in the present invention, and any known method may be used.
- a typical extrusion coating lamination method a laminate film is produced by feeding a molten thermoplastic resin into a T-die and cooling the thermoplastic resin taken out from a flat slit of the T-die.
- extrusion coat lamination methods besides the single lamination method include the sandwich lamination method and the tandem lamination method.
- the sandwich lamination method is a method in which molten thermoplastic resin is extruded onto one substrate, and a second substrate is supplied from a separate unwinder and bonded together to produce a laminate.
- the tandem lamination method is a method in which two single lamination machines are connected together to produce a five-layer laminate at once.
- the adhesive layer (I) may be used to enhance the adhesion to other members (e.g., other layer (J), etc.).
- the adhesive layer (I) may be composed of an adhesive resin.
- the adhesive resin for enhancing the adhesion to other members a two-liquid reactive polyurethane adhesive in which a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component are mixed and reacted is preferable.
- the adhesiveness may be further enhanced by adding a small amount of additives such as a known silane coupling agent to the anchor coating agent or adhesive.
- silane coupling agent examples include, but are not limited to, silane coupling agents having reactive groups such as isocyanate groups, epoxy groups, amino groups, ureido groups, and mercapto groups.
- the substrate (X) and the layer (Y) are laminated adjacent to each other.
- the substrate (X) and the layer (Y) may be laminated directly or via an adhesive layer (AC), but when the substrate (X) has a surface layer and has a layer (Y) on the surface layer, the substrate (X) and the layer (Y) are preferably laminated via an adhesive layer (AC), and when the substrate (X) does not have a surface layer, the substrate (X) and the layer (Y) are preferably laminated directly.
- Examples of the configuration of the multilayer structure of the present invention are shown below, but the multilayer structure of the present invention is not limited thereto. Each specific example may be combined in a plurality of configurations.
- "/" means that the layers are laminated via an adhesive layer or directly.
- the substrate (X) preferably includes a PET layer.
- the substrate (X) may further include another layer (J).
- the other layer (J) may be laminated on the layer (Y) or the substrate (X) via an adhesive layer (I).
- the a * value and b * value of the L * a * b * color system of the multilayer structure of the present invention measured in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009 are each -0.8 or more, preferably -0.75 or more, and more preferably -0.7 or more.
- the lower limit of the a * value and the lower limit of the b * value may be the same value or different values.
- the a * value and the b * value are each 0.8 or less, preferably 0.75 or less, and more preferably 0.7 or less.
- the upper limit of the a * value and the upper limit of the b * value may be the same value or different values.
- the difference between the a * value and the b * value (a * value - b * value) is preferably -1.0 or more and 1.0 or less.
- the a * value and the b * value of the multilayer structure are the average values of five measured values measured in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention may satisfy the following condition 1.
- Condition 1 In a luminance analysis in which the multilayer structure is irradiated with light from a white light source and the reflected light observed when the multilayer structure is moved at a constant speed in the MD direction is intermittently measured with a line sensor camera, the white light source is irradiated from one side of the multilayer structure at an angle of 25° with respect to the vertical direction of the multilayer structure, the line sensor camera measures the reflected light on the same side as the white light source and at an angle of -30° with respect to the vertical direction of the multilayer structure, and baseline correction is performed on the obtained luminance by fitting the luminance values in a range of 12 mm in width (TD direction) at the center point in the MD direction of the measurement range by the least squares method, and the minimum standard deviation of the luminance values calculated from the values after baseline correction is 1.2 or less.
- condition 1 When the multilayer structure satisfies condition 1, for example, when used as a protective sheet for an electronic device, the clarity is further improved.
- the method of adjusting the multilayer structure to satisfy condition 1 will be described in detail later, but it is particularly important that the image clarity of the substrate (X) is high, and that when one 2.0 ⁇ L droplet of the coating liquid (S) is dropped onto a treated surface of a polyethylene terephthalate film that has been surface-treated with a corona treatment device at an intensity of 130 W ⁇ min/m2 at 23° C. and 50% RH, the contact angle of the droplet 2 seconds later is 20° or more and 35° or less.
- the standard deviation of the luminance values obtained under condition 1 may be simply referred to as the "standard deviation of the luminance values".
- the minimum value of the standard deviation of the brightness values of the multilayer structure of the present invention is preferably 1.2 or less, more preferably 1.1 or less, and even more preferably 1.0 or less.
- the standard deviation of the brightness values may be 0.6 or more.
- the standard deviation of luminance can be evaluated by the following method. 1. Measurement: A white light source is used to irradiate the multilayer structure at an angle of 25° relative to the vertical direction of the multilayer structure. A license camera is then installed on the same surface side as the white light source and at an angle of -30° relative to the vertical direction of the multilayer structure, and adjusted so that the multilayer structure is in focus. The multilayer structure is moved in the MD direction at a constant speed, and the luminance due to the reflected light observed during the movement is intermittently measured with a line sensor camera. 2.
- the obtained luminance is fitted with a quadratic function by the least squares method to the luminance values in a range of 12 mm in width (TD direction) at the center point in the MD direction of the measurement range. This is used as a baseline, and baseline correction is performed by calculating the difference between the value fitted by the least squares method and the measured value.
- the minimum value of the standard deviation of the luminance after baseline correction is used as the standard deviation of the luminance of the multilayer structure.
- the water vapor transmission rate of the multilayer structure of the present invention at 40°C and 90% RH, measured in accordance with ISO 15106-3: 2003, is preferably 1 x 10-2 g/ m2 ⁇ day or less, more preferably 9 x 10-3 g/ m2 ⁇ day or less, and even more preferably 7 x 10-3 g/ m2 ⁇ day or less.
- an article obtained using the multilayer structure e.g., a protective sheet for an electronic device
- the oxygen transmission rate of the multilayer structure of the present invention at 20°C and 85% RH, measured in accordance with ISO15105-2:2003, is preferably 7x10-2 cc/ m2 day atm or less, more preferably 5x10-2 cc/ m2 day atm or less, and even more preferably 2x10-2 cc/ m2 day atm or less.
- an article e.g., a protective sheet for an electronic device obtained using the obtained multilayer structure has excellent oxygen barrier properties and tends to deteriorate less even in harsh environments.
- a method for producing the multilayer structure of the present invention includes, for example, a process including a step (I) of applying a coating liquid (S) containing a metal oxide (A), an inorganic phosphorus compound (BI), and a solvent onto a substrate (X), followed by removing the solvent to form a precursor layer for layer (Y), and a process (II) of heat-treating the precursor layer for layer (Y) to form layer (Y).
- the organic phosphorus compound (BO) or the polymer (F) may be added to the coating liquid (S) used in step (I) to form a layer (Y) containing the organic phosphorus compound (BO) or the polymer (F), or the organic phosphorus compound (BO) or the polymer (F) may be impregnated into the layer (Y) by preparing a coating liquid (T) containing the organic phosphorus compound (BO) or the polymer (F) and applying the coating liquid (T) to the surface of the precursor layer of the layer (Y) obtained in step (I) or the surface of the layer (Y) obtained in step (II) in step (III), or a layer (W) may be provided on the layer (Y).
- an adhesive layer (AC) is provided between the substrate (X) and the layer (Y)
- a step of providing an adhesive layer (AC) on the substrate (X) before step (I) may be included.
- step (I) a coating liquid (S) containing a metal oxide (A), an inorganic phosphorus compound (BI), and a solvent is applied onto a substrate (X), and the solvent is then removed to form a precursor layer of a layer (Y).
- S a coating liquid
- A metal oxide
- BI inorganic phosphorus compound
- Y a precursor layer of a layer
- the coating liquid (S) is obtained by mixing the metal oxide (A), the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) and a solvent.
- Specific means for preparing the coating liquid (S) include a method of mixing a dispersion of the metal oxide (A) with a solution containing the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI); a method of adding the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) to a dispersion of the metal oxide (A) and mixing them, etc.
- the temperature during mixing is preferably 50°C or less, more preferably 30°C or less, and even more preferably 20°C or less.
- the coating liquid (S) may contain other compounds (e.g., an organic phosphorus compound (BO) or a polymer (F)), and may contain at least one acid compound (Q) selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and trichloroacetic acid, as necessary.
- organic phosphorus compound (BO) organic phosphorus compound
- F polymer
- Q selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and trichloroacetic acid, as necessary.
- the dispersion of metal oxide (A) can be prepared, for example, according to a method employed in a known sol-gel method, by mixing compound (E), water, and, if necessary, an acid catalyst or an organic solvent, and condensing or hydrolyzing and condensing compound (E).
- a dispersion of metal oxide (A) is obtained by condensing or hydrolyzing and condensing compound (E)
- the obtained dispersion may be subjected to a specific treatment (such as peptization in the presence of the acid compound (Q)) if necessary.
- the solvent used to prepare the dispersion of metal oxide (A) is not particularly limited, but alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; water; or a mixture thereof are preferred.
- the solvent used for the solution containing the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI) may be selected appropriately depending on the type of inorganic phosphorus compound (BI), but it is preferable that the solvent contains water.
- the solvent may contain an organic solvent (e.g., alcohols such as methanol) as long as it does not interfere with the dissolution of the inorganic phosphorus compound (BI).
- the solid content concentration of the coating liquid (S) is preferably 1 to 20 mass %, more preferably 2 to 15 mass %, and even more preferably 3 to 10 mass %, from the viewpoint of the storage stability of the coating liquid and the coatability to the substrate.
- the solid content concentration can be calculated, for example, by dividing the mass of the solid content remaining after distilling off the solvent from the coating liquid (S) by the mass of the coating liquid (S) used in the treatment.
- the coating liquid (S) preferably has a viscosity (I) measured with a Brookfield type rotational viscometer (SB type viscometer: rotor No. 3, rotation speed 60 rpm) of 3000 mPa ⁇ s or less at the temperature during application, more preferably 2500 mPa ⁇ s or less, and even more preferably 2000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- a Brookfield type rotational viscometer SB type viscometer: rotor No. 3, rotation speed 60 rpm
- the viscosity (I) of 3000 mPa ⁇ s or less the leveling properties of the coating liquid (S) are improved, and a multilayer structure with superior appearance can be obtained.
- the viscosity (I) of the coating liquid (S) is preferably 50 mPa ⁇ s or more, more preferably 100 mPa ⁇ s or more, and even more preferably 200 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the viscosity (II) of the coating liquid (S) measured with a Brookfield type rotational viscometer is preferably 5000 mPa ⁇ s or less at the temperature during application, more preferably 4500 mPa ⁇ s or less, and even more preferably 4000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the viscosity (II) of the coating liquid (S) is preferably 400 mPa ⁇ s or more, more preferably 600 mPa ⁇ s or more, and even more preferably 800 mPa ⁇ s or more. A viscosity of 400 mPa ⁇ s or more tends to improve the barrier properties.
- the molar ratio of aluminum atoms to phosphorus atoms is preferably in the range of 1.0:1.0 to 3.6:1.0, more preferably in the range of 1.1:1.0 to 3.0:1.0, and particularly preferably in the range of 1.11:1.00 to 1.50:1.00.
- the molar ratio of aluminum atoms to phosphorus atoms can be calculated by performing X-ray fluorescence analysis on a dried product of the coating liquid (S).
- the coating liquid (S) preferably satisfies the following (Condition 2).
- Condition 2 A droplet of 2.0 ⁇ L of the coating liquid (S) is dropped onto a treated surface of a polyethylene terephthalate film that has been surface-treated with a corona treatment device at an intensity of 130 W min/ m2 under conditions of 23°C and 50% RH, and the contact angle of the droplet after 2 seconds is 20° or more and 35° or less.
- the coating liquid (S) satisfies condition 2
- the resulting multilayer structure is more likely to satisfy condition 1.
- the contact angle is preferably 33° or less, more preferably 31° or less.
- the contact angle is 35° or less, the leveling property of the coating liquid (S) is improved, and a multilayer structure having better clarity tends to be obtained.
- the contact angle is preferably 22° or more, more preferably 25° or more. When the contact angle is 20° or more, the barrier property tends to be further improved.
- the method for adjusting the contact angle to 20° or more and 35° or less is not particularly limited, but this can be achieved, for example, by selecting the solvent of the coating liquid (S).
- the solvent of the coating liquid (S) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of coatability, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc.; water; or a mixed solvent of these are preferred, a mixed solvent of water and alcohol is more preferred, and a mixed solvent of water and methanol is even more preferred.
- the mixed solvent ratio of water and methanol is preferably a water/methanol ratio of 3.5/6.5 or more and 7/3 or less. A water/methanol ratio of 7/3 or less tends to make it possible to adjust the contact angle to 20° or more and 35° or less. Furthermore, a water/methanol ratio of 3.5/6.5 or more tends to make it possible to produce a uniform coating liquid (S).
- the method for applying the coating liquid (S) is not particularly limited, and known methods can be used. Examples of application methods include casting, dipping, roll coating, gravure coating, screen printing, reverse coating, spray coating, kiss coating, die coating, metalling bar coating, chamber doctor combined coating, curtain coating, bar coating, etc.
- drying process There are no particular limitations on the method for removing the solvent (drying process) after application of the coating liquid (S), and any known drying method can be applied. Examples of drying methods include hot air drying, hot roll contact, infrared heating, and microwave heating.
- the drying temperature is preferably lower than the flow initiation temperature of the substrate (X).
- the drying temperature after application of the coating liquid (S) is 120°C or higher, and may be 120°C or higher and lower than 180°C, more preferably 120°C or higher and lower than 165°C, even more preferably 120°C or higher and lower than 150°C, and particularly preferably 120°C or higher and lower than 140°C.
- the drying time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 second or higher and lower than 1 hour, and may be 5 seconds or higher and lower than 15 minutes, or 5 seconds or higher and lower than 300 seconds.
- the drying time may be 1 second or higher and lower than 4 minutes, 5 seconds or higher and lower than 4 minutes, or 5 seconds or higher and lower than 3 minutes.
- the time from the completion of coating of the coating liquid (S) to the start of heat drying is 1.8 seconds or more, preferably 2.3 seconds or more, and more preferably 3.0 seconds or more.
- the time from the completion of coating to the start of heat drying is 1.8 seconds or more, the leveling property of the coating liquid (S) is improved, and a multilayer structure having better clarity tends to be obtained.
- the time from the completion of coating to the start of heat drying is 9.0 seconds or less, preferably 8.5 seconds or less, and more preferably 8.0 seconds or less. When the time from the completion of coating to the start of heat drying is 9.0 seconds or less, the coated surface tends to become uniform, and the barrier property tends to be improved.
- the time from the completion of coating to the start of heat drying means the time from immediately after the coating liquid (S) is applied until the coated part enters an atmosphere of 120°C or higher (until it enters a drying furnace of 120°C or higher).
- a coating liquid (S) is applied to one side of the substrate (X) and the solvent is removed to form a first layer (precursor layer of the first layer (Y)), and then a coating liquid (S) is applied to the other side of the substrate (X) and the solvent is removed to form a second layer (precursor layer of the second layer (Y)).
- the compositions of the coating liquids (S) applied to each side may be the same or different.
- step (II) the layer (Y) precursor layer formed in step (I) is heat-treated to form the layer (Y).
- a reaction to generate the reaction product (D) proceeds.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 140° C. or higher, more preferably 170° C. or higher, even more preferably 180° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 190° C. or higher. If the heat treatment temperature is low, the time required to obtain a sufficient reaction rate increases, causing a decrease in productivity.
- the heat treatment temperature varies depending on the type of substrate (X), and for example, when a thermoplastic resin film made of a polyamide resin is used as the substrate (X), the heat treatment temperature is preferably 270° C. or lower. In addition, when a thermoplastic resin film made of a polyester resin is used as the substrate (X), the heat treatment temperature is preferably 240° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment may be performed under an air atmosphere, a nitrogen atmosphere, an argon atmosphere, or the like.
- the heat treatment time is preferably from 1 second to 1 hour, more preferably from 1 second to 15 minutes, and even more preferably from 5 to 300 seconds.
- Step (II) preferably includes a first heat treatment step (II-1) and a second heat treatment step (II-2).
- the temperature of the second heat treatment step (hereinafter, second heat treatment) is preferably higher than the temperature of the first heat treatment step (hereinafter, first heat treatment), more preferably 15°C or more higher than the temperature of the first heat treatment, even more preferably 20°C or more higher, and particularly preferably 30°C or more higher.
- the heat treatment temperature in step (II) (the first heat treatment temperature in the case of two or more heat treatment stages) is preferably higher than the drying temperature in step (I) in order to obtain a multilayer structure having good properties, and is preferably 30°C or more higher, more preferably 50°C or more higher, even more preferably 55°C or more higher, and particularly preferably 60°C or more higher.
- the temperature of the first heat treatment is preferably 140°C or higher and lower than 200°C
- the temperature of the second heat treatment is more preferably 180°C or higher and 270°C or lower
- the temperature of the second heat treatment is preferably higher than the first heat treatment temperature, more preferably 15°C or higher, and even more preferably 25°C or higher.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 0.1 seconds to 10 minutes, more preferably 0.5 seconds to 5 minutes, and even more preferably 1 second to 3 minutes.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 1 second to 15 minutes, more preferably 5 seconds to 10 minutes, and even more preferably 10 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the method may include a step (III) of applying a coating liquid (T) obtained by mixing the organic phosphorus compound (BO), the polymer (F) and/or other components and a solvent onto the precursor layer of the layer (Y) obtained in the step (I), the layer (Y) obtained in the step (II) or the precursor layer of the layer (Y) after the step (II-1), and drying the coating liquid (T).
- a coating liquid (T) obtained by mixing the organic phosphorus compound (BO), the polymer (F) and/or other components and a solvent onto the precursor layer of the layer (Y) obtained in the step (I), the layer (Y) obtained in the step (II) or the precursor layer of the layer (Y) after the step (II-1), and drying the coating liquid (T).
- the step (III) is performed after the step (II-1)
- the coating amount of the coating liquid (T) may be increased to form a
- the solvent used in the coating liquid (T) may be appropriately selected depending on the type of the organic phosphorus compound (BO), the polymer (F) and/or other components, but is preferably an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc.; water; or a mixed solvent thereof.
- the solids concentration in the coating liquid (T) is preferably 0.01 to 60 mass%, more preferably 0.1 to 50 mass%, and even more preferably 0.2 to 40 mass%, from the viewpoint of the storage stability and coatability of the solution.
- the solids concentration can be determined by the same method as that described for the coating liquid (S).
- the method for applying the coating liquid (T) is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used.
- the conditions for removing the solvent (drying process) after application of the coating liquid (T) in step (III) can be the same as the conditions for the drying process after application of the coating liquid (S) in step (I).
- the method may include a step of subjecting the substrate (X) to a surface treatment as necessary and then providing an adhesive layer (AC). More preferably, the method may include a step (IV) of applying a coating liquid (R) containing a PVA-based resin, a polyester-based resin, and a solvent onto the substrate (X) and then removing the solvent to form an adhesive layer (AC).
- a coating liquid (R) containing a PVA-based resin, a polyester-based resin, and a solvent onto the substrate (X) and then removing the solvent to form an adhesive layer (AC).
- the PVA-based resin, the polyester-based resin, and the solvent may be mixed as is, or a solution or dispersion containing the PVA-based resin may be mixed with a solution or dispersion containing the polyester-based resin.
- a solution or dispersion containing the polyester-based resin may be mixed with a solution or dispersion containing the polyester-based resin.
- the solvent used in the coating liquid (R) is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the main component is water, and it may be water alone.
- other solvents that are preferably used include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.
- the solid content concentration of the coating liquid (R) is preferably 0.01 to 10 mass % from the viewpoint of the storage stability of the coating liquid and the coatability to the substrate.
- the solid content concentration can be calculated, for example, by dividing the mass of the solid content remaining after distilling off the solvent from the coating liquid (R) by the mass of the coating liquid (R) used in the treatment.
- the method for applying the coating liquid (R) is not particularly limited, and known methods can be used. Examples of application methods include casting, dipping, roll coating, gravure coating, screen printing, reverse coating, spray coating, kiss coating, die coating, metalling bar coating, chamber doctor combined coating, curtain coating, bar coating, etc.
- drying methods include hot air drying, hot roll contact, infrared heating, and microwave heating.
- the protective sheet for electronic devices of the present invention includes the multilayer structure of the present invention.
- the protective sheet for electronic devices of the present invention may be composed only of the multilayer structure of the present invention, or may be composed of the multilayer structure of the present invention and other members.
- the protective sheet for electronic devices of the present invention can be used, for example, as a protective sheet for protecting the surface of a photoelectric conversion device, an information display device, or a lighting device.
- the protective sheet for electronic devices of the present invention has high barrier properties and clarity. Therefore, by using the protective sheet of the present invention, an electronic device with high clarity of transmitted images can be obtained with little deterioration even under harsh environments. For example, when used in a substrate film for electronic paper, it can be suitably used as a protective material for ink of electronic paper that is easily affected by moisture.
- the protective sheet for electronic devices of the present invention may include a surface protective layer disposed on one surface of the multilayer structure.
- the surface protective layer is preferably a layer made of a resin that is highly transparent and scratch-resistant.
- the surface protective layer of a device that may be used outdoors, such as a solar cell is preferably made of a resin that is highly weather-resistant (e.g., light-resistant). When protecting a surface that requires light transmission, a surface protective layer with high light transmission is preferable.
- Examples of materials for the surface protective layer include acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, triacetyl cellulose, cycloolefin polymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polytetrafluoroethylene, 4-fluoroethylene-perchloroalkoxy copolymer, 4-fluoroethylene-6-fluoropropylene copolymer, 2-ethylene-4-fluoroethylene copolymer, poly-3-fluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, etc.
- acrylic resin polycarbonate
- polyethylene terephthalate polyethylene naphthalate
- triacetyl cellulose triacetyl cellulose
- cycloolefin polymer ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE)
- ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- various additives may be added to the surface protective layer.
- a preferred example of a surface protective layer with high weather resistance is an acrylic resin layer to which an ultraviolet absorber has been added.
- ultraviolet absorbers include, but are not limited to, benzotriazole-based, benzophenone-based, salicylate-based, cyanoacrylate-based, nickel-based, and triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers.
- other stabilizers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, etc. may be used in combination.
- a weather-resistant coating such as a hard coat may be applied to the surface.
- a weather-resistant coating such as a hard coat
- the configuration of the protective sheet is not particularly limited, but for example, the following configuration may be preferably used.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention can also be used as a film called a substrate film, such as a substrate film for LCDs, organic EL, or electronic paper.
- the multilayer structure may serve as both a substrate and a protective sheet.
- the electronic device to be protected by the protective sheet is not limited to the above examples, and may be, for example, an IC tag, an optical communication device, or a fuel cell.
- An electronic device using the multilayer structure of the present invention generally comprises an electronic device body and a protective sheet for protecting the surface of the electronic device body.
- the protective sheet is the above-mentioned protective sheet for electronic devices of the present invention.
- the electronic device of the present invention may be a photoelectric conversion device, an information display device, or a lighting device.
- photoelectric conversion devices include various solar cells and other photoelectric conversion devices.
- information display devices include liquid crystal displays, organic electroluminescence displays, plasma displays, electronic paper, and other information display devices.
- lighting devices include LED lighting, organic electroluminescence lighting, and other lighting devices.
- the electronic device of the present invention can be particularly preferably used as a device containing an optical element.
- the optical element is appropriately selected depending on the application of the electronic device of the present invention.
- the optical element in the present invention has an optical function, and the optical function can be, for example, an information display function or a light emitting function.
- the electronic device of the present invention can be used as an information display device, and when an optical element having a light emitting function is used as the optical element, the electronic device of the present invention can be used as a light emitting device (lighting device).
- optical elements having the information display function examples include liquid crystal cells used in liquid crystal display devices, organic EL elements used in organic EL display devices, and electronic paper elements (particle migration type, liquid crystal type, electrochemical type, etc.) used in electronic paper devices.
- liquid crystal cell used in liquid crystal display devices
- organic EL elements used in organic EL display devices
- electronic paper elements particle migration type, liquid crystal type, electrochemical type, etc.
- the liquid crystal cell, organic EL element, and electronic paper element are not particularly limited, and generally known elements can be used.
- PET50 biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film; manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., "Lumirror (trademark) U403” (product name), with surface layers on both sides, thickness 50 ⁇ m, image clarity 94%
- PET23-A biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film; manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., “Lumirror (trademark) U403” (product name), with surface layers on both sides, thickness 23 ⁇ m, image clarity 94%
- PET23-B biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film; manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, "Diafoil (trademark) T600E” (product name), with a surface layer on one side, thickness 23 ⁇ m, image clarity 94%
- PET23-C biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film; manufactured by Hyosung Co., Ltd., "RH210” (product name), with surface layers on both sides, thickness 23 ⁇ m, image clarity 94% PET23-
- ⁇ Evaluation method> Measurement of maximum absorption wave number (Imax) of infrared absorption spectrum
- the layer (Y) of the multilayer structure obtained in the examples and comparative examples was measured by an attenuated total reflection method using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, and the maximum absorption wave number (Imax) in the region of 800 to 1400 cm ⁇ 1 was calculated.
- the measurement conditions were as follows. Apparatus: Spectrum One manufactured by PerkinElmer Co., Ltd. Measurement mode: Attenuated total reflection method Measurement range: 800 to 1400 cm
- the multilayer structures obtained in the examples and comparative examples were cut using a focused ion beam (FIB) to prepare slices for cross-sectional observation.
- the prepared slices were fixed to a sample base with carbon tape and subjected to platinum ion sputtering at an acceleration voltage of 30 kV for 30 seconds.
- the cross-section of the multilayer structure was observed using a field emission transmission electron microscope, and the thickness of each layer and the thickness of the multilayer structure were calculated.
- the measurement conditions were as follows. Apparatus: JEM-2100F manufactured by JEOL Ltd. Acceleration voltage: 200 kV Magnification: 250,000x
- Clarity The electronic device protection sheets obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples were placed on the surface of any image display device so that the laminated material side was on the surface, and the characters displayed on the image display device were evaluated for clarity. Ten panelists evaluated the characters as follows: A for clear display, B for characters with slightly blurred edges, and C for characters that looked hazy overall. The most common evaluation was used to evaluate the clarity. If there were multiple most common evaluations, the multiple evaluations were recorded together.
- Example 1 As the substrate (X-1), PET50 was used, and one side of the substrate (X-1) was subjected to surface treatment by corona treatment at an intensity of 130 W ⁇ min/m 2.
- the coating liquid (R-1) was continuously applied by gravure coating so that the thickness after drying was 10 nm, and the coating liquid was dried in a hot air drying oven at 140 ° C., and then wound up in a roll to form an adhesive layer (AC-1) on one side of the substrate.
- the coating liquid (S-1) was continuously applied by gravure coating on the formed adhesive layer (AC-1) so that the thickness after drying was 0.4 ⁇ m, and the time from completion of coating to start of drying was 4.1 seconds, and the coating liquid was dried in a hot air drying oven at 120 ° C., and then wound up in a roll to form a precursor layer of the layer (Y-1).
- the time from coating to start of drying was the time from the completion of coating of the coating liquid (S-1) to the moment the multilayer structure entered the hot air drying oven.
- the other surface of the substrate (X-1) was also subjected to a surface treatment by the same method, and then the adhesive layer (AC-1) and the precursor layer of the layer (Y-1) were formed in this order.
- the film on which the precursor layer of the layer (Y-1) was formed was subjected to a heat treatment at 180° C. for 1 minute by passing through a hot air drying oven, and then wound into a roll. Furthermore, the film on which the precursor layer of the layer (Y-1) was formed was subjected to a heat treatment at 210° C. for 1 minute by passing through a hot air drying oven, and a multilayer structure of layer (Y-1) (0.4 ⁇ m)/adhesive layer (AC-1) (10 nm)/substrate (X-1) (50 ⁇ m)/adhesive layer (AC-1) (10 nm)/layer (Y-1) (0.4 ⁇ m) was obtained.
- the layer (Y-1) of the obtained multilayer structure was evaluated according to the methods described in the evaluation methods (1) and (2).
- the obtained multilayer structure was also evaluated according to the methods described in the evaluation methods (3), (6) and (7). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Lumirror (trademark) U403 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., thickness 50 ⁇ m) 2.
- Cosmoshine SRF (trademark) (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., thickness 80 ⁇ m) 3.
- Triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (Konica Minolta, thickness 80 ⁇ m) 4.
- OXIS (trademark) PMMA (manufactured by Okura Industrial Co., Ltd., thickness 40 ⁇ m) 5.
- Polycarbonate film PureAce (manufactured by Teijin Limited, thickness 70 ⁇ m) 6.
- ZEONORFILM (trademark) (manufactured by Zeon Corporation, thickness 70 ⁇ m)
- Examples 2 to 6 Comparative Examples 3 and 4> A multilayer structure and a protective sheet for an electronic device were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the substrate (X) shown in Table 1 was used instead of the PET50 used in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 A multilayer structure and a protective sheet for electronic devices were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the surface treatment, adhesive layer (AC-1) and layer (Y-1) were not provided on one side of the PET50 used in Example 1, and a multilayer structure of layer (Y-1) (0.4 ⁇ m)/adhesive layer (AC-1) (10 nm)/(surface-treated surface) substrate (X-1) (50 ⁇ m) (non-surface-treated surface) was produced. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Examples 8 and 9 Comparative Examples 1 and 2> A multilayer structure and a protective sheet for an electronic device were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the time from the completion of application of the coating liquid (S-1) to the start of drying was changed as shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Viscosity The viscosity of each of the coating solutions obtained in the examples was measured using a Brookfield rotational viscometer under the following measurement conditions: Apparatus: Brookfield analog viscometer LVT Spindle: No. 63 Rotation speed: 6 rpm
- Example 10 to 13> A multilayer structure and a protective sheet for electronic devices were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the stirring time was adjusted so that the viscosity of the coating liquid (S), measured by the method described in the above evaluation method (8), was as shown in Table 2.
- the surface unevenness of layer (Y) of the obtained multilayer structure was measured by the method described in the above evaluation method (9). The results are shown in Table 2.
- the clarity was evaluated by the method described in the above evaluation method (5').
- the brightness value in a range of 12 mm in width (TD direction) at the center point in the MD direction of the measurement range was fitted with a quadratic function by the least squares method. This was used as a baseline, and baseline correction was performed by calculating the difference between the value fitted by the least squares method and the measured value.
- the minimum value of the standard deviation of brightness after baseline correction was taken as the standard deviation of brightness of the multilayer structure.
- the measurement conditions were as follows.
- Example 14 to 17> In preparing the coating liquid (S-1) in Example 1, the amount of methanol added last was appropriately adjusted to 18.80 parts by mass, and the water/methanol ratio of the coating liquid (S) was changed to be as shown in Table 3. Except for this, the coating liquids (S-2) to (S-6) were prepared in the same manner as the coating liquid (S-1) in Example 1, except that they were used instead of the coating liquid (S-1). A multilayer structure and a protective sheet for an electronic device were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. In addition, the contact angle was evaluated for the coating liquids (S-2) to (S-6) according to the method described in the above evaluation method (10). Furthermore, the standard deviation of the brightness was measured for the obtained multilayer structure according to the method described in the above evaluation method (11). The results are shown in Table 3. The clarity was evaluated according to the method described in the above evaluation method (5').
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Abstract
Description
[1]基材(X)及び層(Y)を備える多層構造体であって、層(Y)はアルミニウム原子を含む金属酸化物(A)と無機リン化合物(BI)との反応生成物(D)を含み、少なくとも1組の基材(X)と層(Y)とは隣接しており、JIS Z 8722:2009に準拠して測定される、L*a*b*表色系のa*値が-0.8以上0.8以下、及びb*値が-0.8以上0.8以下である、多層構造体;
[2]下記条件1を満たす、[1]の多層構造体;
(条件1)
多層構造体に対して白色光源から光を照射した状態で多層構造体をMD方向に一定速度で移動する際に観測される反射光をラインセンサカメラで断続的に測定する輝度分析において、白色光源が多層構造体の一方の面から、多層構造体の垂直方向に対して25°の角度から照射されており、ラインセンサカメラが白色光源と同様の面側でかつ多層構造体の垂直方向に対して-30°の角度で反射光を測定し、得られた輝度について、測定範囲のMD方向における中心点における幅(TD方向)12mmの範囲の輝度値を最小二乗法によりフィッティングすることでベースライン補正を実施し、ベースライン補正後の数値から算出される輝度値の標準偏差の最小値が1.2以下である。
[3]白色光干渉法により測定される、層(Y)の表面凹凸が70nm以下である、[1]又は[2]の多層構造体;
[4]ISO15106-3:2003に準拠して測定される、40℃、90%RH下における水蒸気透過率が1×10-2g/m2・day以下である、[1]~[3]のいずれかの多層構造体;
[5]基材(X)が表面層を有する、[1]~[4]のいずれかの多層構造体;
[6]少なくとも1組の基材(X)と層(Y)とが直接積層した構成を有する、[1]~[5]のいずれかの多層構造体;
[7]少なくとも1組の基材(X)と層(Y)とが接着層(I)を介して積層した構成を有する、[1]~[6]のいずれかの多層構造体;
[8]基材(X)の両面にそれぞれ配置された層(Y)を備える、[1]~[7]のいずれかの多層構造体;
[9]層(Y)の赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、800~1400cm-1の領域における最大吸収波数は1080~1130cm-1の範囲にある、[1]~[8]のいずれかの多層構造体;
[10]基材(X)のISO17221に準拠して測定される、光学くし目幅0.25mmでの写像性が85%以上である、[1]~[9]のいずれかの多層構造体;
[11]a*値とb*値の差(a*値-b*値)が-1.0以上1.0以下である、[1]~[10]のいずれかの多層構造体;
[12]基材(X)の少なくとも一方の面側に、アルミニウム原子を含む金属酸化物(A)、無機リン化合物(BI)及び溶媒を含むコーティング液(S)を塗工し、120℃以上の温度で加熱乾燥することにより前記溶媒を除去することで層(Y)の前駆体層を形成する工程(I)、及び層(Y)の前駆体層を熱処理することで層(Y)を形成する工程(II)を含み、工程(I)において、コーティング液(S)の塗工完了から加熱乾燥開始までの時間が1.8秒以上9.0秒以下であり、得られる多層構造体におけるJIS Z 8722:2009に準拠して測定される、L*a*b*表色系のa*値が-0.8以上0.8以下、及びb*値が-0.8以上0.8以下である、多層構造体の製造方法;
[13]コーティング液(S)が下記条件2を満たす、[12]の多層構造体の製造方法;
(条件2)
コロナ処理装置により130W・min/m2の強度で表面処理を施したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの処理面に対して、23℃50%RH下で、コーティング液(S)2.0μLの液滴を1滴滴下し、かかる液滴の2秒後における接触角が20°以上35°以下である。
[14]コーティング液(S)が、溶媒として水/メタノール混合溶媒を含み、前記混合溶媒の水/メタノール比が3.5/6.5以上7/3以下である、[13]の多層構造体の製造方法;
[15]コーティング液(S)の粘度が400mPa・s以上5000mPa・s以下であり、白色光干渉法により測定される、層(Y)の表面凹凸が70nm以下である、[12]~[14]のいずれかの多層構造体の製造方法;
[16][1]~[11]のいずれかの多層構造体を含む、電子デバイスの保護シート;
[17]光電変換装置、情報表示装置、又は照明装置の表面を保護する保護シートである、[16]の保護シート;
[18][16]又は[17]の保護シートを有する電子デバイス;
を提供することで達成される。
基材(X)は、特に限定されないが、高い写像性を有している観点から熱可塑性樹脂を含むことが好ましい。基材(X)の形態は、特に制限されないが、フィルム又はシート等の層状であることが好ましい。基材(X)としては、熱可塑性樹脂フィルムを含むこと又は無機蒸着層(X’)を積層した熱可塑性樹脂フィルムを含むことが好ましく、熱可塑性樹脂フィルムを含むことがより好ましく、熱可塑性樹脂フィルムであることがさらに好ましい。
層(Y)は、金属酸化物(A)と無機リン化合物(BI)との反応生成物(D)を含む。本発明の多層構造体において、層(Y)はバリア層として機能するため、本発明の多層構造体が層(Y)を備えることで、バリア性が良好となる傾向となる。また、層(Y)を適切な手法で形成すること等で、JIS Z 8722:2009に準拠して測定される、L*a*b*表色系のa*値が-0.8以上0.8以下、及びb*値が-0.8以上0.8以下とすることができる。また、層(Y)を適切な手法で形成すること等で、多層構造体が、後に詳述する条件1を満たすことができる。
金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(それらを総称して「金属原子(M)」という場合がある)は、周期表の2~14族に属する金属原子から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属原子であるが、少なくともアルミニウム原子を含む。金属原子(M)は、アルミニウム原子単独であることが好ましいが、アルミニウム原子とそれ以外の金属原子とを含んでもよい。なお、金属酸化物(A)として、2種以上の金属酸化物(A)を混合して用いてもよい。アルミニウム原子以外の金属原子としては、例えば、マグネシウム、カルシウムなどの周期表第2族の金属;亜鉛などの周期表第12族の金属;周期表第13属の金属;ケイ素などの周期表第14族の金属;チタン、ジルコニウムなどの遷移金属などを挙げることができる。なお、ケイ素は半金属に分類される場合があるが、本明細書ではケイ素を金属に含めるものとする。アルミニウムと併用され得る金属原子(M)としては、取扱性や得られる多層構造体のガスバリア性が優れる観点から、チタン及びジルコニウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
無機リン化合物(BI)との反応の制御が容易になり、得られる多層構造体のガスバリア性が優れることから、化合物(E)は後述するアルミニウム原子を含む化合物(Ea)を含むことが好ましい。
無機リン化合物(BI)は、金属酸化物(A)と反応可能な部位を含有し、典型的には、かかる部位を複数含有し、好適には2~20個含有する。かかる部位には、金属酸化物(A)の表面に存在する官能基(例えば、水酸基)と縮合反応可能な部位が含まれ、例えば、リン原子に直接結合したハロゲン原子、リン原子に直接結合した酸素原子等が挙げられる。金属酸化物(A)の表面に存在する官能基(例えば、水酸基)は、通常、金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(M)に結合している。
反応生成物(D)は、金属酸化物(A)と無機リン化合物(BI)との反応で得られる。金属酸化物(A)と無機リン化合物(BI)とさらに他の化合物とが反応することで生成する化合物も反応生成物(D)に含まれる。
重合体(F)は、カルボニル基、水酸基、カルボキシル基、カルボン酸無水物基、及びカルボキシル基の塩からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の官能基を有する。重合体(F)は、水酸基及びカルボキシル基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を有する重合体であることが好ましい。
有機リン化合物(BO)は、複数のリン原子を有する重合体(BOa)又は有機リン化合物(BOb)であることが好ましい。
重合体(BOa)が有するリン原子を含む官能基としては、例えば、リン酸基、亜リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、亜ホスホン酸基、ホスフィン酸基、亜ホスフィン酸基、及びこれらから誘導される官能基(例えば、塩、(部分)エステル化合物、ハロゲン化物(例えば、塩化物)、脱水物)等が挙げられ、中でもリン酸基及びホスホン酸基が好ましく、ホスホン酸基がより好ましい。
有機リン化合物(BOb)は、炭素数3以上20以下のアルキレン鎖又はポリオキシアルキレン鎖を介して、少なくとも1つの水酸基が結合したリン原子と、極性基とが結合されている。有機リン化合物(BOb)は金属酸化物(A)、無機リン化合物(BI)、及びそれらの反応生成物(D)と比較して表面自由エネルギーが低く、層(Y)の前駆体形成過程において表面側に偏析する。その結果、本発明の多層構造体の耐屈曲性や、層(Y)と直接積層される層との接着性が向上する場合がある。
層(Y)は架橋剤含有樹脂組成物(V)を含むことで、耐屈曲性が良好となる場合がある。架橋剤含有樹脂組成物(V)は、水酸基含有樹脂及び架橋剤から構成される。前記水酸基含有樹脂としては、水酸基含有エポキシ樹脂、水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂、水酸基含有(メタ)アクリル樹脂、水酸基含有ポリウレタン樹脂、ビニルアルコール系樹脂、多糖類等が挙げられ、中でも、ビニルアルコール系樹脂又は多糖類を含むことが好ましく、ビニルアルコール系樹脂を含むことがより好ましく、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂を含むことがさらに好ましい。前記架橋剤としては、グリシジル基を有するケイ素化合物、有機チタン化合物又は有機ジルコニウム化合物が好適に用いられる。前記水酸基含有樹脂と前記架橋剤との質量比(水酸基含有樹脂/架橋剤)は2.0以上200以下が好ましく、9.0以上60以下がより好ましい。
本発明の多層構造体は重合体(F)、有機リン化合物(BO)及び架橋剤含有樹脂組成物(V)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む層(W)を、層(Y)の基材(X)とは反対側の面上に直接積層されていてもよい。層(W)を備えることで、耐屈曲性が向上したり、後述する接着層(I)との密着性が向上する場合がある。多層構造体の鮮明度の観点からは、層(W)を含まないことが好ましい場合がある。
本発明の多層構造体は、基材(X)と層(Y)の間に接着層(AC)を備えていてもよい。接着層(AC)を備えることで、基材(X)と層(Y)間の接着性を高めることができる場合がある。特に、基材(X)が表面層を有する場合には、表面層と層(Y)との間に接着層(AC)を有することが好ましく、表面層を表面処理した上で接着層(AC)を備えることがより好ましい。
本発明の多層構造体は、様々な特性(例えば、ヒートシール性、バリア性、力学物性)を向上させるために、他の層(J)を含んでもよい。このような本発明の多層構造体は、例えば、基材(X)に層(Y)を(必要に応じて接着層(AC)を介して)積層させ、さらに該他の層(J)を直接又は後述する接着層(I)を介して接着又は形成することによって製造できる。他の層(J)としては、例えば、インク層、ポリオレフィン層、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体樹脂層等の熱可塑性樹脂層等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明の多層構造体において、接着層(I)を用いて他の部材(例えば、他の層(J)等)との接着性を高めることができる場合がある。接着層(I)は、接着性樹脂から構成されていてもよい。前記他の部材との接着性を高める接着性樹脂としては、ポリイソシアネート成分とポリオール成分とを混合し反応させる2液反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤が好ましい。また、アンカーコーティング剤又は接着剤に、公知のシランカップリング剤等の少量の添加剤を加えることによって、さらに接着性を高めることができる場合がある。シランカップリング剤としては、例えば、イソシアネート基、エポキシ基、アミノ基、ウレイド基、メルカプト基等の反応性基を有するシランカップリング剤が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。他の部材との接着により、本発明の多層構造体に対して印刷又はラミネート等の加工を施す際に、ガスバリア性又は外観の悪化をより効果的に抑制でき、さらに、本発明の多層構造体を用いた包装材の落下強度を高めることができる場合がある。
本発明の多層構造体は、少なくとも一組の基材(X)及び層(Y)が隣接して積層されている。基材(X)と層(Y)とは、直接積層されていても接着層(AC)を介して積層されていてもよいが、基材(X)が表面層を有し、かつ、表面層上に層(Y)を備える場合は、基材(X)と層(Y)は接着層(AC)を介して積層されていることが好ましく、基材(X)が表面層を有さない場合は基材(X)と層(Y)は直接積層されていることが好ましい。
(1)層(Y)/基材(X)
(2)層(Y)/基材(X)/層(Y)
(3)基材(X)/層(Y)/層(Y)/基材(X)
(4)層(Y)/基材(X)/基材(X)/層(Y)
(5)層(Y)/基材(X)/層(Y)/基材(X)
(6)層(Y)/基材(X)/層(Y)/基材(X)/層(Y)
上述した例示において、基材(X)はPET層を含むことが好ましい。また、さらに他の層(J)を有していてもよく、他の層(J)を有する場合、他の層(J)は接着層(I)を介して層(Y)又は基材(X)等に積層されていてもよい。
本発明の多層構造体のJIS Z 8722:2009に準拠して測定される、L*a*b*表色系のa*値及びb*値は、それぞれ、-0.8以上であり、-0.75以上が好ましく、-0.7以上がより好ましい。前記a*値及び前記b*値が-0.8未満であると得られる多層構造体の鮮明度が低下する傾向がある。前記a*値の下限値と前記b*値の下限値とは、同じ値であってもよく、異なる値であってもよい。また、前記a*値及びb*値は、それぞれ、0.8以下であり、0.75以下が好ましく、0.7以下がより好ましい。前記a*値及びb*値が0.8を超えると得られる多層構造体の鮮明度が低下する傾向がある。前記a*値の上限値と前記b*値の上限値とは、同じ値であってもよく、異なる値であってもよい。さらに、a*値とb*値の差(a*値-b*値)は-1.0以上1.0以下であることが好ましい。a*値とb*値の差を1.0以上1.0以下とすることで、色彩のバランスがとれ、鮮明度により優れる多層構造体を得ることができる傾向となる。多層構造体のa*値及びb*値は、JIS Z 8722:2009に準拠して測定される5回の測定値の平均値とする。
(条件1)
多層構造体に対して白色光源から光を照射した状態で多層構造体をMD方向に一定速度で移動する際に観測される反射光をラインセンサカメラで断続的に測定する輝度分析において、白色光源が多層構造体の一方の面から、多層構造体の垂直方向に対して25°の角度から照射されており、ラインセンサカメラが白色光源と同様の面側でかつ多層構造体の垂直方向に対して-30°の角度で反射光を測定し、得られた輝度について、測定範囲のMD方向における中心点における幅(TD方向)12mmの範囲の輝度値を最小二乗法によりフィッティングすることでベースライン補正を実施し、ベースライン補正後の数値から算出される輝度値の標準偏差の最小値が1.2以下である。多層構造体が条件1を満たす場合、例えば、電子デバイスの保護シートとして用いた場合、鮮明度がより向上する。多層構造体が条件1を満たすように調整する手法の詳細は後述するが、基材(X)の写像性が高いこと、及びコロナ処理装置により130W・min/m2の強度で表面処理を施したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの処理面に対して、23℃50%RH下で、コーティング液(S)2.0μLの液滴を1滴滴下し、かかる液滴の2秒後における接触角が20°以上35°以下であることが特に重要である。なお、条件1で得られる輝度値の標準偏差について単に「輝度値の標準偏差」と表現する場合がある。
本発明の多層構造体において、輝度の標準偏差は以下の方法により評価することができる。
1.測定
多層構造体の垂直方向に対して、25°の角度から白色光源により光を照射する。次に、白色光源と同様の面側でかつ多層構造体の垂直方向に対して-30°の角度にライセンスカメラを設置し多層構造体にピントが合うように調整する。多層構造体をMD方向に一定速度で移動させ、移動する際に観測される反射光による輝度をラインセンサカメラで断続的に測定する。
2.解析
得られた輝度について、測定範囲のMD方向における中心点における幅(TD方向)12mmの範囲の輝度値を最小二乗法により2次関数でフィッティングする。これをベースラインとし、最小二乗法によりフィッティングした値と測定値の差分を算出することによりベースライン補正を実施する。ベースライン補正後の輝度の標準偏差の最小値を多層構造体の輝度の標準偏差とする。本解析を行うことで、目視では確認し難い微細な斑等に起因するフィルムの輝度差を評価することができる。
本発明の多層構造体について説明した事項は本発明の製造方法に適用できるため、重複する説明を省略する場合がある。また、本発明の製造方法について説明した事項は、本発明の多層構造体に適用できる。
工程(I)では、金属酸化物(A)と無機リン化合物(BI)と溶媒とを含むコーティング液(S)を基材(X)上に塗工した後、溶媒を除去し層(Y)前駆体層を形成する。
(条件2)
コロナ処理装置により130W・min/m2の強度で表面処理を施したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの処理面に対して、23℃50%RH下で、コーティング液(S)2.0μLの液滴を1滴滴下し、かかる液滴の2秒後における接触角が20°以上35°以下である。
コーティング液(S)が条件2を満たす場合、得られる多層構造体が条件1を満たしやすくなる。前記接触角は33°以下が好ましく、31°以下がより好ましい。前記接触角が35°以下であることでコーティング液(S)のレベリング性が向上し、鮮明度のより優れる多層構造体を得ることができる傾向となる。また、前記接触角は22°以上が好ましく、25°以上がより好ましい。前記接触角が20°以上であることで、バリア性がより向上する傾向となる。
工程(II)では、工程(I)で形成された層(Y)前駆体層を熱処理して層(Y)を形成する。工程(II)では、反応生成物(D)が生成する反応が進行する。該反応を充分に進行させるため、熱処理の温度は140℃以上が好ましく、170℃以上がより好ましく、180℃以上がさらに好ましく、190℃以上が特に好ましい。熱処理温度が低いと、充分な反応率を得るのにかかる時間が長くなり、生産性が低下する原因となる。熱処理の温度は、基材(X)の種類等によって異なるが、例えば、ポリアミド系樹脂からなる熱可塑性樹脂フィルムを基材(X)として用いる場合には、熱処理の温度は270℃以下が好ましい。また、ポリエステル系樹脂からなる熱可塑性樹脂フィルムを基材(X)として用いる場合には、熱処理の温度は240℃以下が好ましい。熱処理は、空気雰囲気下、窒素雰囲気下、アルゴン雰囲気下等で実施してもよい。熱処理時間は、1秒~1時間が好ましく、1秒~15分がより好ましく、5~300秒がさらに好ましい。
前記製造方法において有機リン化合物(BO)、重合体(F)及び/又はその他成分を用いる場合、有機リン化合物(BO)、重合体(F)及び/又はその他成分並びに溶媒を混合することによって得たコーティング液(T)を、工程(I)で得た層(Y)前駆体層、工程(II)で得た層(Y)又は工程(II-1)後の層(Y)前駆体層上に塗工し、乾燥処理を経る工程(III)を有してもよい。工程(III)を工程(II-1)の後に行う場合は、工程(III)の乾燥処理後に工程(II-2)を行うことが好ましい。工程(III)においては、コーティング液(T)の塗工量を増やして層(Y)上に層(W)を形成してもよい。
工程(I)を行う前に、基材(X)に必要に応じて表面処理を施した上で接着層(AC)を設ける工程を含んでいてもよい。より好適には、PVA系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂及び溶媒を含むコーティング液(R)を基材(X)上に塗工後溶媒を除去し接着層(AC)を形成する工程(IV)を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の電子デバイスの保護シートは、本発明の多層構造体を含む。本発明の電子デバイスの保護シートは、本発明の多層構造体のみによって構成されていてもよいし、本発明の多層構造体と他の部材とによって構成されてもよい。本発明の電子デバイスの保護シートは、例えば、光電変換装置、情報表示装置、又は照明装置の表面を保護する保護シートとして用いることができる。本発明の電子デバイスの保護シートは、高いバリア性及び鮮明度を有する。そのため、本発明の保護シートを用いることによって、過酷な環境下でも劣化が少なく透過する像の鮮明度が高い電子デバイスが得られる。例えば、電子ペーパー用基板フィルムに用いた場合、水分の影響を受けやすい電子ペーパーのインクの保護材として好適に使用することができる。
(1)多層構造体
(2)多層構造体/接着層/ポリエチレンテレフタレート
(3)多層構造体/接着層/トリアセチルセルロース
(4)多層構造体/接着層/アクリル
(5)多層構造体/接着層/ポリカーボネート
(6)多層構造体/接着層/シクロオレフィンポリマー
(7)ETFE層/接着層/多層構造体
本発明の多層構造体を用いた電子デバイスは、通常、電子デバイス本体と、電子デバイス本体の表面を保護する保護シートとを備える。上記保護シートは、上記した本発明の電子デバイスの保護シートである。
・PET50:二軸延伸ポリエチレンレテフタレートフィルム;東レ株式会社製、「ルミラー(商標)U403」(商品名)、両面に表面層を備える、厚み50μm、写像性94%
・PET23-A:二軸延伸ポリエチレンレテフタレートフィルム;東レ株式会社製、「ルミラー(商標)U403」(商品名)、両面に表面層を備える、厚み23μm、写像性94%
・PET23-B:二軸延伸ポリエチレンレテフタレートフィルム;三菱化学株式会社製、「ダイアホイル(商標)T600E」(商品名)、片面に表面層を備える、厚み23μm、写像性94%、
・PET23-C:二軸延伸ポリエチレンレテフタレートフィルム;HYOSUNG社製、「RH210」(商品名)、両面に表面層を備える、厚み23μm、写像性94%
・PET23-D:二軸延伸ポリエチレンレテフタレートフィルム;東レ株式会社製、「ルミラー(商標)S105」(商品名)、厚み23μm、写像性83%
・PET38:二軸延伸ポリエチレンレテフタレートフィルム;東レ株式会社製、「ルミラー(商標)U483」(商品名)、両面に表面層を備える、厚み38μm、写像性94%
・PET75:二軸延伸ポリエチレンレテフタレートフィルム;東レ株式会社製、「ルミラー(商標)U483」(商品名)、両面に表面層を備える、厚み75μm、写像性93%
・PET12:二軸延伸ポリエチレンレテフタレートフィルム;東レ株式会社製、「ルミラー(商標)P60」(商品名)、厚み12μm、写像性82%
写像性は、後述の評価方法(4)に記載の方法に従って測定した。
(1)赤外吸収スペクトルの最大吸収波数(Imax)の測定
実施例及び比較例で得られた多層構造体の層(Y)について、フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計を用い、減衰全反射法で測定し、800~1400cm-1の領域における最大吸収波数(Imax)を算出した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:パーキンエルマー株式会社製Spectrum One
測定モード:減衰全反射法
測定領域:800~1400cm-1
収束イオンビーム(FIB)を用いて実施例及び比較例で得られた多層構造体を切削し、断面観察用の切片を作製した。作製した切片を試料台座にカーボンテープで固定し、加速電圧30kVで30秒間白金イオンスパッタを行った。電界放出形透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて多層構造体の断面を観察し、各層の厚み及び多層構造体の厚みを算出した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:日本電子株式会社製JEM-2100F
加速電圧:200kV
倍率:250,000倍
実施例及び比較例で得られた多層構造体を、水蒸気透過量測定装置に取り付け、ISO15106-3:2003に準拠して、等圧法により水蒸気透過率を測定した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。水蒸気透過率1×10-2g/(m2・day)以下であれば水蒸気バリア性が高いと判定した。
装置:MOCON社製AQUATRAN
温度:40℃
水蒸気供給側の湿度:90%RH
実施例及び比較例で用いる基材(X)を写像性測定装置に取り付け、ISO17221に準拠して写像性を測定した。測定条件は下記のとおりとし、5回測定の平均値を測定値とした。
装置:スガ試験機株式会社製写像性測定器IC-T
光学くし目幅:0.25mm
任意の画像表示装置の表面に、実施例及び比較例で得られた電子デバイス用保護シートをラミネートした材料側が表面となるように乗せ、画像表示装置で表示させた文字が鮮明に見えるかを評価した。文字が鮮明に表示されたものをA、文字の端部がやや滲んでみえたものをB、全体的に霞んでみえるものをCとして、10人のパネラーがそれぞれ評価し、最も多数を占めた評価を鮮明度の評価とした。なお、最も多数を占めた評価が複数あった場合は、複数の評価を併記するものとする。
実施例及び比較例で得られた多層構造体を10mm×10mmに切り出した。酸素透過量測定装置に切り出した多層構造体を取り付け、等圧法により酸素透過率を測定した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。酸素透過率が0.07cc/(m2・day・atm)以下であれば酸素バリア性が高いと判定した。
装置:MOCON社製 OX-TRAN2/21
温度:20℃
酸素供給側の湿度:85%RH
キャリアガス側の湿度:85%RH
キャリアガス流量:10mL/分
酸素圧:1.0atm
キャリアガス圧力:1.0atm
実施例及び比較例で得られた多層構造体を分光光度計に取り付け、JIS Z 8722:2009に準拠してa*、b*を評価した。測定は5回行い、平均値を測定値とした。
装置:株式会社日立ハイテクテクノロジーズ製分光光度計U-4100
光源:C光源
蒸留水230質量部を撹拌しながら70℃に昇温した。その蒸留水に、トリイソプロポキシアルミニウム88質量部を1時間かけて滴下し、液温を徐々に95℃まで上昇させ、発生するイソプロパノールを留出させることによって加水分解縮合を行った。得られた液体に、60質量%の硝酸水溶液4.0質量部を添加し、95℃で3時間撹拌することによって加水分解縮合物の粒子の凝集体を解膠させた。その後、その液体を、固形分濃度が酸化アルミニウム換算で10質量%になるように濃縮し、溶液を得た。こうして得られた溶液22.50質量部に対して、蒸留水54.29質量部を加え、均一になるように撹拌することによって、分散液を得た。続いて、液温を15℃に維持した状態で分散液を撹拌しながら85質量%のリン酸水溶液4.41質量部を滴下して加えた。さらに、メタノール溶液18.80質量部を滴下して加え、粘度が1,500mPa・sになるまで15℃で撹拌を続け、目的のコーティング液(S-1)を得た。該コーティング液(S-1)における、アルミニウム原子とリン原子とのモル比は、アルミニウム原子:リン原子=1.15:1.00であった。なお、前記コーティング液(S-1)の粘度は、ブルックフィールド型回転粘度計(SB型粘度計:ローターNo.3、回転速度60rpm)で測定された値である。
PVA「クラレポバール(登録商標)48-80」4.8質量部と水95.2質量部を混合し、室温で5時間撹拌することで「クラレポバール(登録商標)48-80」を溶解しPVA水溶液を得た。次に、ポリエステル系水分散体「エリーテル(登録商標)KA-5071S」(ユニチカ株式会社製)0.8質量部、前記PVA水溶液1.2質量部、水68.1質量部、メタノール29.9質量部を混合し、1時間撹拌することでコーティング液(R-1)を得た。
基材(X-1)として、PET50を用い、130W・min/m2の強度で、基材(X-1)の一方の面にコロナ処理による表面処理を行った後、乾燥後の厚さが10nmとなるようにグラビアコート法によって連続的にコーティング液(R-1)を塗工し、140℃の熱風乾燥炉で乾燥させた後、ロール状に巻き取ることで、基材の一方上に接着層(AC-1)を形成した。形成した接着層(AC-1)上に、乾燥後の厚みが0.4μm、塗工完了から乾燥開始までの時間が4.1秒となるようにグラビアコート法によって連続的にコーティング液(S-1)を塗工し、120℃の熱風乾燥炉で乾燥させた後、ロール状に巻き取ることで、層(Y-1)の前駆体層を形成した。なお、塗工から乾燥開始までの時間は、コーティング液(S-1)を塗工完了した時から、多層構造体が熱風乾燥炉に入る瞬間までの時間とした。次に、基材(X-1)のもう一方の面上にも同様の方法により、表面処理を行った後、接着層(AC-1)及び層(Y-1)の前駆体層を順に形成した。得られた層(Y-1)の前駆体層を形成したフィルムを、熱風乾燥炉を通過させることにより180℃で1分間の熱処理を施した後、ロール状に巻き取った。さらに、得られた層(Y-1)の前駆体層を形成したフィルムを、熱風乾燥炉を通過させることにより210℃で1分間の熱処理を施し、層(Y-1)(0.4μm)/接着層(AC-1)(10nm)/基材(X-1)(50μm)/接着層(AC-1)(10nm)/層(Y-1)(0.4μm)の多層構造体を得た。得られた多層構造体の層(Y-1)について、前記評価方法(1)及び(2)に記載の方法に従って評価した。また、得られた多層構造体について前記評価方法(3)、(6)及び(7)に記載の方法に従って評価した。結果を表1に示す。
1.ルミラー(商標)U403(東レ株式会社製、厚み50μm)
2.コスモシャインSRF(商標)(東洋紡株式会社製、厚み80μm)
3.トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルム(コニカミノルタ社製、厚み80μm)
4.OXIS(商標)PMMA(大倉工業株式会社製、厚み40μm)
5.ポリカーボネートフィルムピュアエース(商標)(帝人株式会社製、厚み70μm)
6.ゼオノアフィルム(商標)(日本ゼオン株式会社製、厚み70μm)
実施例1で用いたPET50の代わりに表1に記載の基材(X)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で多層構造体及び電子デバイスの保護シートを作製し評した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で用いたPET50の一方の面に表面処理、接着層(AC-1)及び層(Y-1)を設けずに、層(Y-1)(0.4μm)/接着層(AC-1)(10nm)/(表面処理面)基材(X-1)(50μm)(非表面処理面)である多層構造体を作製した以外は、実施例1と同様に多層構造体及び電子デバイスの保護シートを作製し評価した。結果を表1に示す。
コーティング液(S-1)の塗工完了から乾燥開始までの時間を、表1に記載の通り変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で多層構造体及び電子デバイスの保護シートを作製し評価した。結果を表1に示す。
(5’)鮮明度
上記評価方法(5)に従って評価される実施例1の評価結果よりA評価をしたパネラーが多い場合は「良好」、同じである場合は「同等」、A評価をしたパネラーが減った場合は「低下」と記載した。
実施例で得られたコーティング液について、ブルックフィールド型回転粘度計を用いて粘度を測定した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:ブルックフィールド社製アナログ粘度計LVT
スピンドル:No.63
回転数:6rpm
実施例及び比較例で得られた多層構造体の層(Y)について、走査型白色干渉顕微鏡を用いて表面凹凸の評価を実施した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。測定範囲の最高地点と最低地点の差を表面凹凸とし、10か所の平均値を表面凹凸とした。
装置:株式会社日立ハイテクサイエンス社製非接触表面・層断面形状計測システムVertScan
測定範囲:2.5mm×2.5mm
上記評価方法(8)に記載の方法で測定される、コーティング液(S)の粘度が表2に記載の通りとなるように撹拌時間を調整した以外は、実施例1と同様に多層構造体及び電子デバイスの保護シートを作製し評価した。また、得られた多層構造体の層(Y)について上記評価方法(9)に記載の方法で表面凹凸を測定した。結果を表2に示す。なお、鮮明度評価については、上記評価方法(5’)に記載の方法で評価した。
(10)接触角評価
PET50の一方の面に対し、春日電機株式会社製コロナ処理装置TEC-4ACを用いて130W・min/m2の強度で表面処理を行った。次に、装置の試料台に基材を設置し、PET50のコロナ処理面上に下記条件にてコーティング液(S)を一滴滴下し、23℃、50%RHの条件下で水接触角を測定した。この操作を10回繰り返し、平均値を接触角として評価した。
装置:協和界面科学社製 Drop Master DM-500
液滴:2.0μL
待ち時間:2.0秒
実施例で得られた多層構造体をTD方向に21.0cm×MD方向に29.7cmのサイズに切り出した。次いで多層構造体一方の面から、多層構造体の垂直方向に対して25°の角度から白色光源により白色光を照射し、ラインセンサカメラにより、白色光源と同様の面側でかつ多層構造体の垂直方向に対して-30°の角度で反射光を測定できるようにした後、フィルムをMD方向に一定速度で移動しながら測定を行った。測定範囲のMD方向における中心点における幅(TD方向)12mmの範囲の輝度値を最小二乗法により2次関数でフィッティングした。これをベースラインとし、最小二乗法によりフィッティングした値と測定値の差分を算出することによりベースライン補正を実施した。ベースライン補正後の輝度の標準偏差の最小値を多層構造体の輝度の標準偏差とした。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
<白色光源(高輝度ラインLED照明)>
光源:CCS株式会社製LED光源PFBR-150
設定強度:100%
ラインLED照明の幅:60cm
多層構造体との垂直方向の距離:10cm
<ラインセンサカメラ>
カメラ:日本エレクトロセンサリデバイス株式会社製ラインスキャンカメラNSUF4010S-F(CI)
レンズ:PENTAX社製YF5028
多層構造体との垂直方向の距離:15cm
実施例1でコーティング液(S-1)を作製する際に、最後に滴下したメタノール18.80質量部の滴下量を適宜調整し、コーティング液(S)の水/メタノール比が表3に記載の通りとなるように変更した以外は実施例1のコーティング液(S-1)と同様の方法で製造したコーティング液(S-2)~コーティング液(S-6)を、コーティング液(S-1)の代わりに用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に多層構造体及び電子デバイスの保護シートを作製し評価した。また、コーティング液(S-2)~コーティング液(S-6)について、上記評価方法(10)に記載の方法に従って、接触角を評価した。さらに、得られた多層構造体について、上記評価方法(11)に記載の方法に従って輝度の標準偏差を測定した。結果を表3に示す。なお、鮮明度評価については、上記評価方法(5’)に記載の方法で評価した。
Claims (18)
- 基材(X)及び層(Y)を備える多層構造体であって、
層(Y)はアルミニウム原子を含む金属酸化物(A)と無機リン化合物(BI)との反応生成物(D)を含み、
少なくとも1組の基材(X)と層(Y)とは隣接しており、
JIS Z 8722:2009に準拠して測定される、L*a*b*表色系のa*値が-0.8以上0.8以下、及びb*値が-0.8以上0.8以下である、多層構造体。 - 下記条件1を満たす、請求項1に記載の多層構造体。
(条件1)
多層構造体に対して白色光源から光を照射した状態で多層構造体をMD方向に一定速度で移動する際に観測される反射光をラインセンサカメラで断続的に測定する輝度分析において、
白色光源が多層構造体の一方の面から、多層構造体の垂直方向に対して25°の角度から照射されており、ラインセンサカメラが白色光源と同様の面側でかつ多層構造体の垂直方向に対して-30°の角度で反射光を測定し、
得られた輝度について、測定範囲のMD方向における中心点における幅(TD方向)12mmの範囲の輝度値を最小二乗法によりフィッティングすることでベースライン補正を実施し、ベースライン補正後の数値から算出される輝度値の標準偏差の最小値が1.2以下である。 - 白色光干渉法により測定される、層(Y)の表面凹凸が70nm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の多層構造体。
- ISO15106-3:2003に準拠して測定される、40℃、90%RH下における水蒸気透過率が1×10-2g/m2・day以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 基材(X)が表面層を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 少なくとも1組の基材(X)と層(Y)とが直接積層した構成を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 少なくとも1組の基材(X)と層(Y)とが接着層(I)を介して積層した構成を有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 基材(X)の両面にそれぞれ配置された層(Y)を備える、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 層(Y)の赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、800~1400cm-1の領域における最大吸収波数は1080~1130cm-1の範囲にある、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 基材(X)のISO17221に準拠して測定される、光学くし目幅0.25mmでの写像性が85%以上である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- a*値とb*値の差(a*値-b*値)が-1.0以上1.0以下である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 基材(X)の少なくとも一方の面側に、アルミニウム原子を含む金属酸化物(A)、無機リン化合物(BI)及び溶媒を含むコーティング液(S)を塗工し、120℃以上の温度で加熱乾燥することにより前記溶媒を除去することで層(Y)の前駆体層を形成する工程(I)、及び
層(Y)の前駆体層を熱処理することで層(Y)を形成する工程(II)を含み、
工程(I)において、コーティング液(S)の塗工完了から加熱乾燥開始までの時間が1.8秒以上9.0秒以下であり、
得られる多層構造体におけるJIS Z 8722:2009に準拠して測定される、L*a*b*表色系のa*値が-0.8以上0.8以下、及びb*値が-0.8以上0.8以下である、多層構造体の製造方法。 - コーティング液(S)が下記条件2を満たす、請求項12に記載の多層構造体の製造方法。
(条件2)
コロナ処理装置により130W・min/m2の強度で表面処理を施したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムの処理面に対して、23℃50%RH下で、コーティング液(S)2.0μLの液滴を1滴滴下し、かかる液滴の2秒後における接触角が20°以上35°以下である。 - コーティング液(S)が、溶媒として水/メタノール混合溶媒を含み、前記混合溶媒の水/メタノール比が3.5/6.5以上7/3以下である、請求項13に記載の多層構造体の製造方法。
- コーティング液(S)の粘度が400mPa・s以上5000mPa・s以下であり、
白色光干渉法により測定される、層(Y)の表面凹凸が70nm以下である、請求項12~14のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体の製造方法。 - 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体を含む、電子デバイスの保護シート。
- 光電変換装置、情報表示装置、又は照明装置の表面を保護する保護シートである、請求項16に記載の保護シート。
- 請求項16又は17に記載の保護シートを有する電子デバイス。
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| CN202380088124.7A CN120435383A (zh) | 2022-12-22 | 2023-12-21 | 多层结构体及其制造方法、以及使用其得到的电子设备的保护片和电子设备 |
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| WO2013187064A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-12-19 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびそれを用いたデバイス、ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
| JP2016055560A (ja) * | 2014-09-11 | 2016-04-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | ガスバリア積層体 |
| WO2019146553A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-08-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | 表面保護フィルムおよび保護フィルム付き光学部材 |
| JP2020131431A (ja) * | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-31 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、ならびに電子デバイスの保護シート |
| JP2021091145A (ja) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-17 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材、真空断熱体並びに電子デバイスの保護シート |
| WO2022097656A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-12 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた保護シート及び電子デバイス |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013187064A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-12-19 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびそれを用いたデバイス、ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
| JP2016055560A (ja) * | 2014-09-11 | 2016-04-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | ガスバリア積層体 |
| WO2019146553A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-08-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | 表面保護フィルムおよび保護フィルム付き光学部材 |
| JP2020131431A (ja) * | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-31 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、ならびに電子デバイスの保護シート |
| JP2021091145A (ja) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-17 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材、真空断熱体並びに電子デバイスの保護シート |
| WO2022097656A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-12 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた保護シート及び電子デバイス |
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| CN120435383A (zh) | 2025-08-05 |
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| KR20250127135A (ko) | 2025-08-26 |
| DE112023004711T5 (de) | 2025-08-28 |
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