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WO2024134659A1 - Résonateurs à anneau d'injection multiple à sources multiples et réseau de portes programmable par champ optique - Google Patents

Résonateurs à anneau d'injection multiple à sources multiples et réseau de portes programmable par champ optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024134659A1
WO2024134659A1 PCT/IL2023/051299 IL2023051299W WO2024134659A1 WO 2024134659 A1 WO2024134659 A1 WO 2024134659A1 IL 2023051299 W IL2023051299 W IL 2023051299W WO 2024134659 A1 WO2024134659 A1 WO 2024134659A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
array
resonator
waveguides
optical response
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Ceased
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PCT/IL2023/051299
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WO2024134659A9 (fr
Inventor
Roei Aviram Cohen
Ofer Amrani
Shlomo Ruschin
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Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd
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Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd
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Priority to EP23906276.3A priority Critical patent/EP4639277A1/fr
Publication of WO2024134659A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024134659A1/fr
Publication of WO2024134659A9 publication Critical patent/WO2024134659A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference
    • G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference in an optical waveguide structure
    • G02F1/2257—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference in an optical waveguide structure the optical waveguides being made of semiconducting material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
    • G02F1/313—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/15—Function characteristic involving resonance effects, e.g. resonantly enhanced interaction

Definitions

  • the present invention in some embodiments thereof, relates to mulitiple- source multipleinjection ring resonators and further to an optical field programmable gate array constructed therewith.
  • the flame is an optical device capable of shaping of a frequency response, or otherwise an electrical-to-optical response by means of a racetrack resonator designed and fabricated in, the so-called, Double Injection configuration.
  • the Double Injection approach has a unique property that allows two Free Spectral Range states to exist for a single racetrack length. Shaping is realized by properly selecting different coupling coefficients that provide a variety of interesting transmissions.
  • Various response shapes were demonstrated including: sinusoidal, triangular (linearizer), square (bandpass, "box-like” filter), notch (2 states), insensitive 20dB filter, Fano resonance, and interleaver.
  • the present embodiments relate to injections from multiple sources, and to keeping the responses from the separate injections distinguishable at the output.
  • an optical response shaper and/or a modulator device with multiple injection comprising: a resonator having an enclosed geometric structure; at least two injection optical waveguides between an input port and a second end, the optical waveguides approaching the resonator at respective approach points; coupling regions between the resonator and the injecting waveguides at the approach points respectively, the coupling regions providing optical coupling between the resonator and the injecting waveguides, the coupling regions being configured to inject at least two light signals to the resonator at the approach points, each light signal having a respective wavelength, the coupling regions being configured to inject the at least two light signals to move in the resonator in a single rotational sense; and an output port at a second end of (at least) one of the injection optical waveguides for providing a plurality of shapes of frequency or time responses for each input signal respectively, according to parameters of the injecting waveguides or of the coupling regions, such that each input is mapped
  • a single device receives optical signals of independent wavelengths at independent ports and processes them through the same resonator. Different settings on the device have different effects on the different wavelengths and thus the two signals may be controlled independently so that two independent inputs give two independent outputs.
  • the device is an optically linear device. That is to say the optical waveguides and the resonator are linear in the optical domain, each wavelength thereby being transmitted independently through the optical response shapper without direct mutual influence among the respective wavelengths.
  • the device may be non-linear in the optical domain.
  • the control signal may be optical too, achieving optical control in a full or partial fashion.
  • the optical response shaper may be an optically linear device, and may comprise active tunable elements, the active tunable elements being configured to control different wavelengths differently.
  • the active tunable elements are configured to affect different wavelengths simultaneously and respectively differently.
  • the active tunable elements comprise couplers and phase shifters at the coupling regions, the couplers and phase shifters being tunable by applied voltages or by temperature or by induced stress or by optical power via a nonlinear effect.
  • Embodiments may comprise one or more phase shifting element.
  • Embodiments may comprise one or more additional active tunable element.
  • Embodiments may comprise one or more electrode placed at the vicinity of one or more of the active tunable elements, the additional electrode being for programmably altering a respective coupling coefficient to vary the predetermined frequency response or time response.
  • Embodiments may comprise one or more heating element placed at the vicinity of one or more of the active tunable elements, the heating element being for programmably altering a respective coupling coefficient by controllably altering a temperature, thereby to vary resulting frequency responses or time responses.
  • Embodiments may comprise an electrode over each coupling region respectively, thereby to alter coupling coefficients at each coupling region.
  • Embodiments may comprise phase shifting elements associated with the waveguides, the phase shifting elements being external to the resonator.
  • At least three or at least four input ports may be provided.
  • the paramaters that may be varied include resonator parameters, tuning electrode parameters, voltages, temperatures, stress, optical power or any known phenomenon that change the phase or amplitude of the light wave .
  • any of an applied voltage, a temperature, an induced stress and optical power may be provided to one or more of the tunable elements as a control signal.
  • An array of two or more optical response shapers may be provided.
  • active tunable elements on each optical response shaper may be set to give an overall array output.
  • the array may provide a permutation matrix for controlled routing.
  • the array may provide dynamic switching operations.
  • the array may provide a Butler matrix, which may be an active Butler matrix comprising the tunable elements in the array
  • the array may provide an artificial neural network.
  • the array may form an optical field programmable gate array (OFPGA).
  • OFPGA optical field programmable gate array
  • the OFPGA may include tuning elements, the tuning elements having inputs, the array allowing field programming by changing tuning element inputs consisting of control voltages, and/or temperature.
  • the tuning elements may be any of couplers, phase- shifters and electrodes.
  • Active tunable elements may comprise couplers at the coupling regions, the couplers being tunable by applied voltages or temperature-dependent signals.
  • the active tunable elements comprise filters, the filters being tunable by applied voltages or temperature-dependent signals.
  • the elements may include one or more phase shifting element.
  • Embodiments may include at least seven active tunable elements.
  • Embodiments may comprise one or more electrode placed at the vicinity of one or more of the active tunable elements, the additional electrode being for programmably altering a respective coupling coefficient to vary the predetermined frequency response or time response for a respective wavelength.
  • An electrode may be provided over each coupling region respectively, thereby to alter coupling coefficients at each coupling region.
  • the device may be a triple injection device, having at least three input ports.
  • a device may have at least four input ports, to constitute a multiple injection device.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a double injection resonator according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a triple injection resonator according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a variation of the double injection resonator of Fig. 1 where the geometry is modified to fit in a grid;
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram of a grid of the devices of Fig. 1;
  • FIGs. 5 A and 5B are layout and schematic diagrams respectively of a two-input two output FLAME device according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified diagram that shows a 4 by 4 configurable matrix 80 using an array of FLAME devices with four optical input ports and four optical output ports;
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified device showing a three-input device and tunable controlling electrodes.
  • FIG. 8 is a simplified diagram which schematically illustrates an exemplary array (OFPGA) 90 based on 4 triple-injection devices. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
  • the present invention in some embodiments thereof, relates to multiple-source multipleinjection ring resonators and further to an optical field programmable gate array constructed therewith.
  • An optical response shaper and/or a modulator device with multiple injection comprises a closed resonator, at least two injection optical waveguides between an input port and a second end, the optical waveguides approaching the resonator at respective approach points, coupling regions between the resonator and the injecting waveguides at the approach points, the coupling regions providing optical coupling between the resonator and the injecting waveguides, the coupling regions being configured to inject at least two light signals to the resonator, each light signal having a respective wavelength; and an output port at a second end of one of the injection optical waveguides for providing a plurality of shapes of frequency or time responses for each input wave respectively, according to parameters of the injecting waveguides or of the coupling regions such that each input wave is mapped to a distinct output response.
  • injections may be obtained from multiple sources, and the responses from the separate injections may nevertheless be distinguishable at the output.
  • An array of such devices may provide an optical equivalent of a programmable gate array, that is to say an optical field programmable gate array.
  • wavelength diversity meaning that optical signals at different wavelengths, from possibly multiple light sources, are injected to the input ports, and then the inputs may be manipulated in a wavelength-dependent fashion for each input wavelength.
  • the manipulation may be in both or either of the time and/or frequency domains.
  • the number of input ports can be two, to which we refer to as a "Double Injection resonator” (DIR), three - “Triple Injection resonator” (TIR), or more - “Multiple Injection resonator” (MIR).
  • DIR Double Injection resonator
  • TIR Triple Injection resonator
  • MIR Multiple Injection resonator
  • each wavelength may be transmitted independently through the device without direct mutual influence among different wavelengths, and the control of radiation at different wavelengths may be achieved by the incorporated active tunable elements: couplers and filters, which are activated by applied voltages or temperature time-dependent signals.
  • the control signal may be optical too, achieving optical control in full or partial fashion.
  • the option of wavelength diversity adds an additional dimension to the switching and modulating functions of the device.
  • OFPGA Optical Field- Programmable Gate Array
  • OFPGA may provide an integrated optical device accepting multiple optical inputs, possibly of different wavelengths, possibly from multiple optical sources, with optical functionality that can be tuned in the field, meaning during operation, by changing control voltages, or temperature in tuning elements that may be incorporated therein, such as couplers, phase- shifters and electrodes.
  • control signals of each element of the array By means of the control signals of each element of the array, a variety of array functions may be simultaneously carried out e.g. spatial and wavelength routing, combining, and splitting as well as data processing options, matrix operations and mathematical transforms. Such an array may be further utilized as a building block for implementing optical-based neural networks.
  • the technology aims at providing high speed, low power, highly integrated optical photonic devices, which may be implemented in ASIC chips, and which may have programmable functionality.
  • the present embodiments may provide small foot-print components that can be easily reprogrammed to obtain a required complex functionality, without having to dismount, re-connect or re-route circuitry, and which may therefore be similar to an electrical FPGA.
  • Such a device may further be utilized as a building block for implementing an optical-based neural network.
  • Arrays of multiple-injection ring elements comprising a multiplicity of radiation sources with different wavelengths fed into N input ports of the array.
  • the elements may be simultaneously processed and routed unto the M output ports of the array.
  • array functions may be achieved, e.g. spatial and wavelength routing, combining, and splitting as well as data processing options, matrix operations, and mathematical transforms.
  • Figure 1 is a simplified diagram showing a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device is structurally similar to the detailed enlarged unit in fig. 11 of the above-referenced Patent application (US 2020/0059068), the main differences consisting of the fact that two ports are utilized (input port 1 and input port 2), and in each one, a different wavelength is injected, so that the two signals do not influence one another.
  • the two wavelengths After passing tunable coupler 4, the two wavelengths are intermixed at the output ports of tunable coupler 4. Further mixing between the two optical signals at different wavelengths takes place in Tunable Couplers 6 and 8.
  • Phase Shifters 10 and 12 the propagating optical signals acquire additional controllable phase shifts, in general, in a wavelength-dependent fashion.
  • Two modulating electrodes 14 and 16, located in the ring 18 provide the function of high-frequency modulation of the transmitted radiation.
  • a total of seven tunable elements are thus displayed in Fig. 1, which, as controllable elements, provide between them seven dynamically variable degrees of freedom which may provide a large diversity of transmission functions, distinct for each output optical wavelength.
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified diagram illustrating an extension of the embodiment of Fig. 1 to the case of three input and three output ports.
  • a coupler 26 is added between inputs 22 and 24.
  • Coupler 28 is added between inputs 20 and 22 further down the line.
  • Tunable phase shifter 30 is added after coupler 26 on the line from input 24.
  • Tunable phase shifter 32 is provided on the line from input 22 following coupler 28 and prior to coupler 34 that couples the line from input 32 to ring 36.
  • the line from input 24 is coupled to ring 36 via coupler 38 which itself lies on loop 40.
  • the line from output 20 meets the line from output 22 at junction 42, then passes through tunable phase shifter 44 and then is coupled to ring 36 via coupler 46.
  • Tunable electrode 48 is located on ring 36.
  • Three output ports are present, throughput output port 50, and drop output ports 52 and 54.
  • the disposition of tunable couplers and phase- shifters may be varied within the device as required by the functional requirement of the device and system.
  • the number of input and output ports can be enlarged to four and more.
  • Fig. 3 is a simplified diagram showing a device that is similar to that of Figure 1, except that the geometry of the ports is aligned so as to better suit the array structure to be discussed hereinbelow with respect to Fig. 4.
  • two input ports are utilized (input port 1 and input port 2), and in each one, a different wavelength is injected, so that the two signals do not influence one another.
  • the two input ports are arranged at right angles to receive signals from different angles in a grid.
  • the two wavelengths are intermixed at the output ports of tunable coupler 4. Further mixing between the two optical signals at different wavelengths takes place in Tunable Couplers 6 and 8.
  • Phase Shifters 10 and 12 the propagating optical signals acquire additional controllable phase shifts, in general, in a wavelength-dependent fashion.
  • Two modulating electrodes 14 and 16, located in the ring 18 provide the function of high-frequency modulation of the transmitted radiation.
  • each node 62 of the array is a device as shown in one of the above figures, e.g. device 64, and each node obtains at least two inputs from the grid and provides outputs to the grid.
  • array functions can be simultaneously achieved e.g. spatial and wavelength routing, combining, and splitting as well as data processing options, matrix operations, and other mathematical transforms that may enable optical OFDM, and provisions for neural network calculations.
  • a device capable of performing some matrix-like operations on an incoming set of optical signals - and thus provide an OFPGA (Optical Field Programmable Gate Array). Namely, a device is provided that has optical functionality and that can be tuned in the field by changing control voltages, or temperature of tuning elements such as couplers, phase- shifters and electrodes.
  • OFPGA Optical Field Programmable Gate Array
  • N optical outputs N and M being arbitrary, whereby the N optical outputs are some function of the M optical inputs.
  • Such a configuration may provide functionality such as: routing, switching, Butler matrix, etc.
  • a 4x4 Example may use as its node the basic 2 input 2 output double injection FLAME example given in Figure 5 A, which is schematically defined in Figure 5B.
  • the device of Fig. 5 A is the same as that described above in respect of Figs 1 and 3, with the difference that the two inputs are laid out parallel to each other. The remainder of the layout is as described hereinabove.
  • the schematic in Fig. 5B shows two optical input ports, 70 and 72, a function box 74 and two optical output ports 76 and 78.
  • the tunable features allow for a wide range of functions to be implemented in function box 74.
  • the relation between the device two optical inputs with relation to the two optical inputs can be formulated by a 2x2 matrix, P, of complex elements, whose specific values can be manipulated by control voltages applied to the different electrical electrodes.
  • the matrix can be pre-determined by design and the corresponding fabricated device will provide a fixed operation.
  • any of the electrodes can be eliminated if corresponding modulation ⁇ phase shift ⁇ coupling is not mandatory.
  • Figure 6 is a simplified diagram that shows a 4 by 4 configurable matrix 80 using an array of FLAME devices with four optical input ports and four optical output ports.
  • Figure 6 may be implemented using four (2x2) FLAME devices P1...P4 for obtaining a 4x4 configurable matrix operation.
  • the overall functionality of the array depicted in Figure 2 can be described by a 4x4 matrix with complex entries as described below.
  • a 3x3 example ⁇ 6x6 example may use a triple-injection device as an alternative to the double injection device depicted in Figure 5 A.
  • Figure 15 in the above-cited patent application depicts a triple-injection device without electrodes.
  • Figure 7 herein shows a triple-injection device 82 with electrodes 84. Alongside is shown an example array 86 whose nodes are made up of the same triple-injection devices 82 shown alongside.
  • an MxN matrix operation can be set to provide some desirable functionality - for example: configurable permutation matrix for controlled routing; switching operations; and Butler matrix functionality.
  • a Butler matrix is a matrix used in an optical beamforming network to feed phased array antenna elements.
  • a purpose of such a Butler matrix is to control the direction of the emitted beam.
  • the matrix is passive and contains fixed-value phase shifters which provide phase difference between elements in order to steer the beam in the desired direction.
  • FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an exemplary array (OFPGA) 90 based on 4 triple-injection devices 92, of which such a triple-injection device example 94 is depicted on the right.
  • OFPGA exemplary array
  • an MxN matrix operation can be set to provide some desirable functionality - for example: configurable permutation matrix for controlled routing; switching operations; butler matrix functionality.
  • BNN Bio neural networks
  • indirect ANNs rely on electronic or photonic systems containing artificial neurons to indirectly mimic the neurobiological architectures of BNNs.
  • An ANN is a network consisting of a grid of interconnections, weighting, and activation functions, a.k.a. transfer functions.
  • the execution of a task involves simultaneous activation of a large number of artificial neurons given a set of inputs from the other artificial neurons.
  • Many of the aforementioned ANN elements, including the interconnection array structure can be realized by an array of multiple-injection devices. It is expected that during the life of a patent maturing from this application many relevant FLAME will be developed and the scopes of these and other terms herein are intended to include all such new technologies a priori.
  • compositions, method or structure may include additional ingredients, steps and/or parts, but only if the additional ingredients, steps and/or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method or structure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mise en forme et/ou de modulateur de réponse optique à injection multiple qui a un résonateur ayant une structure géométrique fermée, et deux guides d'ondes optiques d'injection entre un port d'entrée et une seconde extrémité qui s'approchent du résonateur à des points d'approche respectifs. Des régions de couplage sont situées au niveau des points d'approche respectifs, et fournissent un couplage optique entre le résonateur et les guides d'ondes d'injection. Les régions de couplage injectent deux signaux lumineux dans le résonateur, chaque signal lumineux ayant été entré à partir d'un port d'entrée différent et ayant une longueur d'onde respectivement différente, et les deux signaux lumineux se déplacent dans le résonateur dans un seul sens de rotation. Un port de sortie au niveau de l'extrémité éloignée de l'un des guides d'ondes optiques d'injection fournit des formes de réponses en fréquence ou en temps pour chaque signal lumineux respectivement, en fonction de paramètres des guides d'ondes d'injection ou des régions de couplage, de telle sorte que chaque signal lumineux est mappé à une réponse de sortie distincte.
PCT/IL2023/051299 2022-12-22 2023-12-22 Résonateurs à anneau d'injection multiple à sources multiples et réseau de portes programmable par champ optique Ceased WO2024134659A1 (fr)

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US63/434,529 2022-12-22

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6052495A (en) * 1997-10-01 2000-04-18 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Resonator modulators and wavelength routing switches
US20090220228A1 (en) * 2005-07-25 2009-09-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Wide Free-Spectral-Range, Widely Tunable and Hitless-Switchable Optical Channel Add-Drop Filters
US20180159294A1 (en) * 2016-09-07 2018-06-07 Oracle International Corporation Redundant hybrid ring laser
US20200059068A1 (en) * 2018-08-16 2020-02-20 Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. Response shaping by multiple injection in a ring-type structure

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6052495A (en) * 1997-10-01 2000-04-18 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Resonator modulators and wavelength routing switches
US20090220228A1 (en) * 2005-07-25 2009-09-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Wide Free-Spectral-Range, Widely Tunable and Hitless-Switchable Optical Channel Add-Drop Filters
US20180159294A1 (en) * 2016-09-07 2018-06-07 Oracle International Corporation Redundant hybrid ring laser
US20200059068A1 (en) * 2018-08-16 2020-02-20 Ramot At Tel-Aviv University Ltd. Response shaping by multiple injection in a ring-type structure

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PARK TAEWON, JEONG YOUNGJAE, YU KYOUNGSIK: "Cascaded optical resonator-based programmable photonic integrated circuits", OPTICS EXPRESS, OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, US, vol. 29, no. 3, 1 February 2021 (2021-02-01), US, pages 4645, XP093183041, ISSN: 1094-4087, DOI: 10.1364/OE.415545 *
STEGLICH PATRICK; RABUS DOMINIK G.; SADA CINZIA; PAUL MARTIN; WELLER MICHAEL G.; MAI CHRISTIAN; MAI ANDREAS: "Silicon Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators for Chemical and Biological Sensing: A Tutorial", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, IEEE, USA, vol. 22, no. 11, 12 October 2021 (2021-10-12), USA, pages 10089 - 10105, XP011909973, ISSN: 1530-437X, DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3119547 *

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