WO2024128159A1 - 硬化性組成物、硬化体、積層体、レンズ、及び眼鏡 - Google Patents
硬化性組成物、硬化体、積層体、レンズ、及び眼鏡 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024128159A1 WO2024128159A1 PCT/JP2023/044057 JP2023044057W WO2024128159A1 WO 2024128159 A1 WO2024128159 A1 WO 2024128159A1 JP 2023044057 W JP2023044057 W JP 2023044057W WO 2024128159 A1 WO2024128159 A1 WO 2024128159A1
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
- C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F290/062—Polyethers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
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- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
- G02B1/041—Lenses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
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- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
- C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
- C08F222/103—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols of trialcohols, e.g. trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate
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- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
- C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
- C08F222/106—Esters of polycondensation macromers
- C08F222/1063—Esters of polycondensation macromers of alcohol terminated polyethers
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
- C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
- C08F230/085—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon the monomer being a polymerisable silane, e.g. (meth)acryloyloxy trialkoxy silanes or vinyl trialkoxysilanes
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- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
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- C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
- G02C7/102—Photochromic filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
- G02C2202/16—Laminated or compound lenses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a curable composition, a cured product, a laminate, a lens, and glasses.
- Photochromic compounds such as naphthopyran compounds, fulgide compounds, and spirooxazine compounds, are compounds that can reversibly take two isomers with different absorption spectra when irradiated with ultraviolet light, such as sunlight or mercury lamp light.
- ultraviolet light such as sunlight or mercury lamp light.
- photochromic when a colorless, decolorized compound is irradiated with ultraviolet light, it quickly changes color and isomerizes (coloring reaction) to a colored state, and when the light irradiation is stopped and the compound is placed in a dark place, it returns to its original color (hereinafter referred to as photochromic). Taking advantage of this property, they are used in a variety of applications, especially as optical materials.
- photochromic eyeglass lenses which are given photochromic properties through the use of photochromic compounds, quickly become tinted and function as sunglasses when exposed to light containing ultraviolet rays such as sunlight outdoors, and fade and function as clear, normal eyeglasses indoors when not exposed to such light, and demand for such lenses has been increasing in recent years.
- Patent Document 1 the coating method shown in Patent Document 1 in which a photochromic curable composition is applied to a plastic lens by spin coating or the like and then photocured to form a photochromic coating layer is particularly effective because it can be applied to a variety of existing lenses.
- T-type photochromic compounds those that, when isomerized from a colored state to a colorless state (fading reaction), return to their original colorless state not only when exposed to light of a specific wavelength, but also when exposed to heat, are called T-type photochromic compounds.
- T-type photochromic compounds have been extensively researched and developed as materials for photochromic lenses.
- T-type photochromic compounds generally require the following characteristics (1) to (5).
- initial coloration The degree of coloration in the visible light range before exposure to ultraviolet light (hereinafter referred to as initial coloration) is small.
- the speed at which it returns to its original state after UV irradiation is stopped (hereinafter referred to as the fading speed) is high.
- chromene compounds have been studied as T-type photochromic compounds that satisfy these characteristics. Chromene compounds exhibit excellent photochromic properties in environments where structural changes are likely to occur, such as in solutions. However, in environments where structural changes are unlikely to occur, such as in polymer solid matrices, the fading half-life tends to be longer, i.e., the fading rate tends to decrease. This is thought to be because the free space in polymer solid matrices is overwhelmingly smaller than in solutions, restricting the reversible structural changes of chromene compounds. Thus, when chromene compounds are dispersed in polymer solid matrices such as various plastic materials, the excellent photochromic properties inherent to the chromene compounds cannot be fully exhibited, and the fading rate in particular may decrease. Therefore, various photochromic curable compositions have been investigated to form free space even in polymer solid matrices.
- a polymerizable monomer having one (meth)acryloyl group, a polymerizable monomer having two (meth)acryloyl groups, and a polymerizable monomer having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups are combined in a specific ratio, and a photochromic compound is dissolved in the combination (see Patent Document 2).
- polymerizable monomer component only a plurality of types selected from polymerizable monomers having two (meth)acryloyl groups are used, and a photochromic compound is dissolved in such a polymerizable monomer component (see Patent Document 3).
- a curable composition containing a photochromic compound, an amine compound, a radical polymerizable monomer having a silanol group, and/or a radical polymerizable monomer having an isocyanate group (see Patent Document 4).
- the object of the present invention is to provide a curable composition capable of producing a cured product having excellent performance and adhesion of a functional dye, as well as a cured product, a laminate, a lens, and a pair of glasses.
- the present disclosure relates to a curable composition.
- the curable composition contains a first radical polymerizable monomer represented by the following formula (1) and a functional dye.
- the content of the first radical polymerizable monomer is 35 mass% or more.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 4 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 6 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 7 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- a is 0 to 10.
- b is 0 to 20.
- c is 2 to 100.
- c is a number larger than each of a, b, d, and e. d is 0 to 20. e is 0 to 10.
- the present disclosure also provides a cured body.
- the cured body is obtained by curing the curable composition according to the embodiment.
- the present disclosure also provides a laminate.
- the laminate includes an optical substrate and a cured body according to an embodiment that is located on the surface of the optical substrate.
- the present disclosure also provides a lens.
- the lens includes a lens substrate and a cured body according to an embodiment that is located on a surface of the optical substrate.
- the present disclosure also provides eyeglasses.
- the eyeglasses include a lens according to an embodiment.
- the present invention provides a curable composition capable of producing a cured product with excellent functionality of a functional dye, as well as a cured product, a laminate, a lens, and glasses.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a laminate according to an embodiment.
- the curable composition according to the embodiment uses a first radically polymerizable monomer (A-1) represented by formula (1) as the radically polymerizable component (A) to be combined with a functional dye (B).
- the content of the first radically polymerizable monomer (A-1) is 35 mass% or more.
- functional dyes such as photochromic compounds include compounds that undergo a structural change due to energy such as light, and develop, lose, or change color.
- the soft segment in the polymer solid matrix is important.
- the first radical polymerizable monomer has a polyalkylene glycol chain structure in which alkylene oxides having 3 to 10 carbon atoms are repeated as a unit.
- the polymer of the curable composition containing the first radical polymerizable monomer it is considered that multiple alkylene oxide chain portions aggregate, and a soft segment in which these alkylene oxide chain polymers are arranged is formed.
- the distance between oxygen atoms of the alkylene oxide chain in this soft segment is considered to be greater than the distance between oxygen atoms of the alkylene oxide chain in the soft segment formed by a radical polymerizable monomer having a polyalkylene glycol chain structure with 2 or less carbon atoms.
- alkylene oxide chains with a relatively large number of carbon atoms are less likely to aggregate than alkylene oxide chains with a relatively small number of carbon atoms, and therefore the distance between polymer chains is considered to be greater. It is believed that when the distance between polymer chains is large, the free space required for structural changes in the functional dye is larger, making the structural changes less likely to be hindered.
- a cured body that has both high functionality and high hardness of the functional dye can be realized. That is, a cured body with high hardness has low flexibility of the soft segment or a small proportion of the soft segment, and the functionality of the functional dye tends to be reduced. Since the curable composition according to the embodiment uses a monomer having an alkylene oxide chain with a relatively large number of carbon atoms, the flexibility of the alkylene oxide chain constituting the soft segment is considered to be lower than the flexibility of a soft segment composed of an alkylene oxide chain with 2 or less carbon atoms.
- the distance between the alkylene oxide chains is large, the free space in the soft segment is wide, and the functionality of the functional dye can be enhanced. Therefore, even if the proportion of the first radical polymerizable monomer in the curable composition is increased in order to enhance the functionality of the functional dye, a cured body with high hardness can be realized.
- the adhesion between the cured product of the curable composition and the substrate on which the cured product is laminated can be increased. That is, the curable composition is applied to an optical substrate such as a lens substrate and cured to form a laminate of the cured product and the lens substrate.
- a primer layer containing, for example, a urethane resin may be provided to increase the adhesion between the optical substrate and the cured product.
- the laminate is a laminate in which the optical substrate, the primer layer, and the cured product are laminated in this order.
- the present inventors have found that the adhesion between the laminate, particularly the primer layer and the optical substrate, decreases when a curable composition containing a radical polymerizable monomer having an alkylene oxide chain with 2 or less carbon atoms is used.
- the reason for this is thought to be that the curable composition containing a radical polymerizable monomer having an alkylene oxide chain with 2 or less carbon atoms easily corrodes the primer layer, and therefore corrodes up to the interface between the primer layer and the optical substrate, thereby reducing the adhesive ability with the optical substrate.
- the curable composition according to the embodiment which contains 35% by mass or more of a radical polymerizable monomer having an alkylene oxide chain with 3 or more carbon atoms, is less likely to corrode the primer layer, and therefore can achieve high adhesion.
- the radical polymerizable monomer (A) includes a first radical polymerizable monomer represented by formula (1) (A-1).
- the first radical polymerizable monomer represented by formula (1) is also referred to as component (A-1).
- the radical polymerizable monomer (A) is also referred to as component (A).
- the radical polymerizable monomer (A) may include other radical polymerizable monomers depending on the desired properties of the cured body.
- component (A-1) it is not particularly limited, and known monomers can be used, but a radical polymerizable monomer having a (meth)acrylate group is preferred, and (A-2) a radical polymerizable monomer having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups in one molecule, and (A-3) other radical polymerizable monomers having a (meth)acryloyl group are preferably used.
- R 1 and R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. That is, the component (A-1) may be a diacrylate, dimethacrylate, or methacrylate acrylate represented by the above formula (1). When the component (A-1) is a diacrylate, a cured product in which the fading rate of the photochromic dye is high tends to be obtained. When the component (A-1) is a dimethacrylate, a cured product in which the color development density of the photochromic dye is high tends to be obtained. It is preferable that R 1 and R 7 are a methyl group.
- R4 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- c is 2 to 100.
- c is a number larger than a, a number larger than b, a number larger than d, and a number larger than e.
- the repeating unit -(OCH 2 CH 2 R 4 )- to which the subscript c is added is a first alkylene oxide unit having 3 to 9 carbon atoms.
- the polymer moiety constituted by this repeating unit can form a soft segment of the cured body.
- R 4 is preferably a linear alkylene group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group is preferably 1 to 4, and more preferably 2 to 4. The greater the number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group, the greater the functionality of the cured body.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group is too high, the amount of soft segments per unit mass decreases, and the functionality of the cured body may decrease.
- c is preferably 2 to 85, more preferably 2 to 70, even more preferably 3 to 50, and particularly preferably 5 to 45.
- c may be 4 to 85, 6 to 65, 8 to 60, or 9 to 55.
- R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is preferable that R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R 2 and R 3 are different groups. R 5 and R 6 are different groups. R 2 and R 6 may be the same group. R 3 and R 5 may be the same group.
- a and e are 0 to 10. From the viewpoint of achieving both functionality and hardness, a and e are preferably 0 to 5, more preferably 0 to 2, even more preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 0.
- b and d are 0 to 20. From the viewpoint of achieving both functionality and hardness, 0 to 15 is preferable, 0 to 10 is more preferable, 0 to 5 is even more preferable, and 0 is particularly preferable.
- component (A-1) may be a monomer further comprising at least one of a second alkylene oxide unit, which is a repeating unit having b and d attached thereto, and a third alkylene oxide unit, which is a repeating unit having a and e attached thereto.
- a, b, d, and e of the (A-1) component are 0, that is, the component contains only the first alkylene oxide unit.
- c may be 4 or more and 20 or less, or 6 or more and 15 or less.
- c may be 4 or more and 45 or less, or 9 or more and 30 or less.
- the biomass degree of the (A-1) component is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more. The upper limit of the biomass degree is, for example, 100% by mass or less, or 98% by mass or less.
- This component (A-1) is, for example, represented by the following formula (3):
- R 1 , R 7 and c are defined as the same as in formula (1).
- R 11 is a linear alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- R 11 is preferably a linear alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and most preferably a linear alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms.
- compounds represented by the above formula (3) include polytrimethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polytetramethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypentamethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyhexamethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, etc.
- the number average molecular weight of the (A-1) component represented by formula (3) is preferably 200 to 9000, more preferably 200 to 7000, even more preferably 200 to 6000, and most preferably 250 to 5000.
- the number average molecular weight of the (A-1) component may be 400 to 1500, or 600 to 1000.
- the number average molecular weight of the (A-1) component may be 450 or more, 550 or more, 650 or more, or 850 to 2000.
- the number average molecular weight can be measured, for example, by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- b and d are 1 or more, that is, when an (A-1) component further containing a second alkylene oxide unit is used, a cured product with high functionality of the functional dye tends to be obtained.
- b and d may be 2 or more and 15 or less, or 4 or more and 10 or less.
- component (A-1) may be a monomer in which a, b, d, and e are 1 or more, that is, further comprising both a second alkylene oxide unit and a third alkylene oxide unit.
- the second alkylene oxide unit and the third alkylene oxide unit have mutually different structures.
- Component (A-1) can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- the component (A-1) having an acryloyl group can be synthesized by esterification of a polyol compound represented by the following formula with acrylic acid.
- R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , a, b, c, d, and e in the following polyol compound have the same meanings as those in formula (1).
- the polyol compound may be derived from plants or petroleum.
- the polyol compound and acrylic acid dissolved in a solvent such as toluene can be reacted by stirring while heating as necessary in the presence of a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, an organic acid such as aromatic sulfonic acid, or a Lewis acid such as boron fluoride ether, and removing the generated water by azeotropy.
- a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid
- an organic acid such as aromatic sulfonic acid
- a Lewis acid such as boron fluoride ether
- ester compound such as acrylic anhydride or methyl acrylate.
- a method can be adopted in which the above polyol compound and acrylic acid are dissolved in a solvent such as toluene in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as aromatic sulfonic acid or a basic catalyst such as sodium acetate or pyridine, and stirred while heating as necessary.
- the (A-1) component having a methacryloyl group can be synthesized in the same manner as above, for example by using methacrylic acid instead of acrylic acid.
- polyol compounds in which a and e are 0 and b and d are 1 or more can be synthesized, for example, by the following method.
- a polyol having a second alkylene oxide unit can be synthesized by reacting H-(OCH 2 CH 2 R 4 )c-OH with a cyclic ether compound such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.
- the polyol compound having a second alkylene oxide unit can be synthesized, for example, by carrying out the reaction in a nitrogen-substituted autoclave in the presence of a catalyst such as an alkali metal hydroxide, e.g., potassium hydroxide, under high temperature and pressure.
- polyol compounds in which a, b, d, and e are 1 or more, i.e., component (A-1) further containing second and third alkylene oxide units can be synthesized, for example, by the following method.
- a polyol compound having a third alkylene oxide unit is synthesized by reacting a polyol compound having a second alkylene oxide unit with a cyclic ether compound, and the resulting polyol compound further having a third alkylene oxide unit is reacted with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in a manner similar to that described above to synthesize component (A-1) further containing second and third alkylene oxide units.
- the curable composition according to the embodiment may further contain a second radical polymerizable monomer having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups in one molecule.
- the second radical polymerizable monomer having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups in one molecule is also referred to as component (A-2).
- component (A-2) examples include polyfunctional (meth)acrylates represented by the following formula (I), polyfunctional (meth)acrylates having a urethane bond, and polyfunctional (meth)acrylates other than those listed above, with polyfunctional (meth)acrylates represented by the following formula (I) being particularly preferred.
- Q10 is a methylene group.
- a1 is an integer of 0 or 1.
- Q 11 is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Q 11 is preferably a linear alkylene group.
- Q 11 is preferably an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
- Q 11 is more preferably an ethylene group, an n-propylene group, or an n-butylene group.
- a2 is 0, 1, 2, or 3. a2 is preferably 1, 2, or 3.
- Q 12 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group , and preferably a methyl group.
- Q 13 is a trivalent to hexavalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the organic group represented by Q 13 include a group derived from a polyol, a trivalent to hexavalent hydrocarbon group, and an organic group containing a trivalent to hexavalent urethane bond.
- Q 13 is preferably a tetravalent hydrocarbon group or a hexavalent hydrocarbon group.
- Q 13 may be a group derived from trimethylolpropane, a group derived from glycerin, a group derived from pentaerythritol, a group derived from ditrimethylolpropane, or a group derived from dipentaerythritol.
- a3 is 3, 4, 5, or 6.
- a3 is preferably 3 or 4.
- the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate represented by formula (I) more preferably contains a tri- or tetrafunctional (meth)acrylate represented by the following formula (II).
- Q 20 , Q 21 , Q 22 and Q 23 each independently represent a methylene group. a4, a5, a6 and a7 each independently represent an integer of 0 or 1.
- Q 24 , Q 25 , and Q 26 are each independently a monovalent group represented by the following formula (III).
- Q 24 , Q 25 , and Q 26 may have different structures from each other or may have the same structure. It is preferable that Q 24 , Q 25 , and Q 26 have the same structure.
- Q27 is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group represented by the following formula (III).
- Q27 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group represented by the following formula (III).
- polyfunctional (meth)acrylates represented by the above formula (I) include trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane trimethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetramethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate, trimethylolpropane triethylene glycol trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triethylene glycol triacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetramethacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentamethacrylate, glycerin trimethacrylate, glycerin trim
- the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate having a urethane bond is obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate compound having three or more isocyanate groups in the molecule, a polyol compound having two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate.
- the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate having a urethane bond is preferably a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate having a urethane bond having four or more (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule.
- Examples of commercially available products include U-4HA (molecular weight 596, number of functional groups 4), U-6HA (molecular weight 1,019, number of functional groups 6), U-6LPA (molecular weight 818, number of functional groups 6), and U-15HA (molecular weight 2,300, number of functional groups 15) manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- polyester (meth)acrylate compounds examples include compounds in which the terminals of polyester compounds are modified with (meth)acryloyl groups.
- polyester (meth)acrylate compounds various polyester (meth)acrylate compounds having different molecular weights of raw polyester compounds and different amounts of modification with (meth)acryloyl groups are commercially available, and these can be used.
- tetrafunctional polyester oligomers (molecular weight 2,500 to 3,500, Daicel UCB, EB80, etc.), hexafunctional polyester oligomers (molecular weight 6,000 to 8,000, Daicel UCB, EB450, etc.), hexafunctional polyester oligomers (molecular weight 45,000 to 55,000, Daicel UCB, EB1830, etc.), and tetrafunctional polyester oligomers (particularly those having a molecular weight of 10,000, Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku, GX8488B, etc.).
- radical polymerizable monomers having a (meth)acryloyl group include radical polymerizable monomers having a (meth)acryloyl group in the molecular structure and not corresponding to (A-1) or (A-2).
- radical polymerizable monomers are not particularly limited and known monomers can be used, and may include bifunctional (meth)acrylates having two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule and monofunctional (meth)acrylates having only one (meth)acryloyl group.
- the curable composition according to the embodiment may contain the following difunctional (meth)acrylate.
- the di(meth)acrylate other than the first radical polymerizable compound is contained, the hardness of the cured body may be increased.
- the difunctional (meth)acrylate shown in the following formula (4), the following formula (5) or the following formula (6), the difunctional (meth)acrylate having a urethane bond, and the difunctional (meth)acrylate not corresponding to the above may be mentioned.
- R 12 and R 13 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- j and k are each independently an integer of 0 or more, and j+k is an integer of 2 or more.
- the bifunctional (meth)acrylate compound represented by formula (4) is often obtained as a mixture in production. Therefore, j+k is an average value of 2 or more, and preferably an average value of an integer of 2 to 50.
- R 14 and R 15 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 16 and R 17 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- A is a divalent organic group.
- A is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenylene group that may be substituted with a halogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group, a bicycloalkylene group, a tricycloalkylene group, or a group represented by any of the following formulas.
- R 18A and R 18B are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom.
- xx and xy are integers from 0 to 4 or 0 to 10.
- Ring X is a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- YY is -O-, -S-, -(SO 2 )-, -CO-, -CH 2 -, -CH ⁇ CH-, -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, -C(CH 3 )(C 6 H 5 )-, or a group represented by any of the following formulas:
- l and m are each an integer of 1 or more, and l+m is an average value of 2 or more and 30 or less.
- a specific example of the bifunctional (meth)acrylate represented by the above formula (5) is the following bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate.
- R 19 and R 20 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- n is the average value and is a number between 1 and 20.
- B and B' are each independently a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms. B and B' may be the same or different. When there are multiple B's, the multiple B's may be the same or different groups.
- the bifunctional (meth)acrylate represented by the above formula (6) can be produced by reacting a polycarbonate diol with (meth)acrylic acid.
- the polycarbonate diols used here include, for example, the following: polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of trimethylene glycol, polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of tetramethylene glycol, polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of pentamethylene glycol, polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of hexamethylene glycol, polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of octamethylene glycol, polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation with nonamethylene glycol, polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of triethylene glycol and tetramethylene glycol.
- Examples include recarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000), polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of tetramethylene glycol and hexamethylene diglycol, polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of pentamethylene glycol and hexamethylene glycol, polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of tetramethylene glycol and octamethylene glycol, polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of hexamethylene glycol and octamethylene glycol, and polycarbonate diol (average molecular weight 500-2000) obtained by phosgenation of 1-methyltrimethylene glycol.
- bifunctional (meth)acrylates having a urethane bond examples include those obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate compound having two or more isocyanate groups in the molecule, a polyol compound having two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate.
- polyisocyanates include hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, lysine isocyanate, 2,2,4-hexamethylene diisocyanate, dimer acid diisocyanate, isopropylidenebis-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, norbornene diisocyanate, and methylcyclohexane diisocyanate.
- polyols examples include polyalkylene glycols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and repeating units of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or hexamethylene oxide, and polyester diols such as polycaprolactone diol.
- polyester diols such as polycaprolactone diol.
- Other examples include polycarbonate diol, polybutadiene diol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,8-nonanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerin, and trimethylolpropane.
- reaction mixtures in which a urethane prepolymer made by the reaction of these polyisocyanates and polyols is further reacted with 2-hydroxy(meth)acrylate and reaction mixtures in which the diisocyanates are directly reacted with 2-hydroxy(meth)acrylate to form urethane(meth)acrylate monomers, etc., can also be used.
- hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylates examples include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate.
- bifunctional (meth)acrylate having a urethane bond commercially available products can be used without any restrictions.
- examples of commercially available products include U-2PPA (molecular weight 482), UA-122P (molecular weight 1,100), and U-122P (molecular weight 1,100) manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., and EB4858 (molecular weight 454) manufactured by Daicel-UCB Ltd.
- bifunctional (meth)acrylates other than those listed above other than the bifunctional (meth)acrylates shown in the above formula (4), (5) or (6) and the bifunctional (meth)acrylates having a urethane bond
- sulfur atom is preferably a sulfide group that forms part of the molecular chain.
- Specific examples include bis(2-methacryloyloxyethylthioethyl)sulfide, bis(methacryloyloxyethyl)sulfide, bis(acryloyloxyethyl)sulfide, 1,2-bis(methacryloyloxyethylthio)ethane, 1,2-bis(acryloyloxyethyl)ethane, bis(2-methacryloyloxyethylthioethyl)sulfide, bis(2-acryloyloxyethylthioethyl)sulfide, 1,2-bis(methacryloyloxyethylthioethylthio)ethane, 1,2-bis(acryloyloxyethylthioethylthio)ethane, 1,2-bis(methacryloyloxyisopropylthioisopropyl)sulfide, and 1,2-bis(acryloyloxyisopropylthi
- the above bifunctional (meth)acrylate compounds may be used as a single component of each of the components described individually, or as multiple components. Also, each of the components described individually may be used in combination with multiple components. When multiple components or multiple combinations are used, the reference mass is the total amount of the multiple types.
- the curable composition according to the embodiment may further include a third radical polymerizable monomer having one (meth)acryloyl group in one molecule.
- the third radical polymerizable monomer may be a monofunctional (meth)acrylate.
- An example of a monofunctional (meth)acrylate is the monofunctional (meth)acrylate represented by the following formula (7).
- R 21 is a hydrogen atom, a methyldimethoxysilyl group, a trimethoxysilyl group, a glycidyl group, a pentamethylpiperidino group, a 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl group, or a piperidino group.
- R 22 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. o is an integer of 0 to 10. p is an integer of 0 to 20.
- R 21 is preferably a methyldimethoxysilyl group, a trimethoxysilyl group, or a glycidyl group.
- a monofunctional acrylate having such a functional group is contained, the adhesion between the cured body and the substrate tends to be improved.
- monofunctional (meth)acrylates represented by the above formula (7) include methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, glycidyl methacrylate, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate, etc.
- the curable composition according to the embodiment may further contain other radical polymerizable monomers.
- the other radical polymerizable monomers are not particularly limited as long as they are radical polymerizable monomers that can be polymerized with the component (A-1), and known monomers can be used.
- radical polymerizable polyrotaxanes, radical polymerizable silsesquioxane compounds, allyl compounds, and vinyl compounds are preferably used.
- Polyrotaxane having radical polymerization ability has a composite molecular structure consisting of an axis molecule and a plurality of cyclic molecules that encapsulate the axis molecule. Bulky terminal groups are formed at both ends of the axis molecule, preventing the cyclic molecules from falling off from the axis molecule.
- a polyrotaxane having radical polymerizability is a polyrotaxane in which a radical polymerizable group is introduced into the side chain of a cyclic molecule.
- the radical polymerizable group is introduced, for example, by modifying 1 mol % or more and less than 100 mol % of the hydroxyl groups of the cyclic molecule into a radical polymerizable group.
- the modification ratio can be calculated by (moles of polymerizable groups introduced) / (moles of all OH groups in the side chain) ⁇ 100.
- the modification ratio is 10 mol % or more and 95 mol % or less.
- the weight average molecular weight of the axial molecule is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 10,0000, more preferably in the range of 5,000 to 80,000, and most preferably in the range of 8,000 to 50,000.
- the cyclic molecules are preferably cyclodextrin rings, crown ether rings, benzocrown rings, dibenzocrown rings and dicyclohexanocrown rings, with cyclodextrin rings and crown ether rings being particularly preferred, and cyclodextrin rings being the most preferred.
- cyclodextrin rings there are ⁇ -cyclodextrin rings (inner ring diameter 0.45-0.6 nm), ⁇ -cyclodextrin rings (inner ring diameter 0.6-0.8 nm) and ⁇ -cyclodextrin rings (inner ring diameter 0.8-0.95 nm), with ⁇ -cyclodextrin rings and ⁇ -cyclodextrin rings being preferred, and ⁇ -cyclodextrin rings being the most preferred.
- the inclusion number when all cyclic molecules are introduced into the axis molecule is taken as 1, the inclusion number of the cyclic molecules is preferably in the range of 0.001-0.6, more preferably in the range of 0.002-0.5, and most preferably in the range of 0.003-0.4.
- radical polymerizable group taking into consideration reactivity with other polymerizable monomers, a (meth)acryloyl group is preferred.
- radical polymerizable groups taking into consideration reactivity with other polymerizable monomers, a (meth)acryloyl group is preferred.
- Silsesquioxane radically polymerizable compounds have various molecular structures such as cage-like, ladder-like, and random structures, and have radically polymerizable groups such as (meth)acrylic groups.
- q is the degree of polymerization and is an integer from 3 to 100.
- the multiple R23 may be the same or different and are a radical polymerizable group, an organic group containing a radical polymerizable group, a hydrogen atom , an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a phenyl group. At least one of the multiple R23 is a radical polymerizable group or an organic group containing a radical polymerizable group.
- examples of the radically polymerizable group or organic group containing a radically polymerizable group represented by R 23 include a (meth)acrylic group; an organic group having a (meth)acrylic group, such as a (meth)acryloyloxypropyl group or a (3-(meth)acryloyloxypropyl)dimethylsiloxy group; an allyl group; an organic group having an allyl group, such as an allylpropyl group or an allylpropyldimethylsiloxy group; a vinyl group; and an organic group having a vinyl group, such as a vinylpropyl group or a vinyldimethylsiloxy group.
- allyl-based polymerizable compounds having an allyl group include the following: diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate, methoxypolyethylene glycol allyl ether, methoxypolyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol allyl ether, butoxypolyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol allyl ether, phenoxypolyethylene glycol allyl ether, vinyloxypolyethylene glycol allyl ether, styryloxypolyethylene glycol allyl ether, and methoxypolyethylenethioglycol allyl thioether.
- vinyl-based polymerizable compounds having a vinyl group examples include methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ether, styrene, vinylcyclohexane, butadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, divinyl sulfide, divinyl sulfone, 1,2-divinylbenzene, 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylpropanedisiloxane, diethylene glycol divinyl ether, divinyl adipate, divinyl sebacate, ethylene glycol divinyl ether, divinyl sulfoxide, divinyl persulfide, dimethyldivinylsilane, 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane, methyltrivinylsilane, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer.
- the ratio of the first radical polymerizable monomer is 35% by mass or more. If this ratio is high, the performance of the functional dye in the cured product and the adhesion of the cured product tend to be improved. This ratio is preferably 37% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, even more preferably 43% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 45% by mass or more. On the other hand, if this ratio is excessively high, the hardness of the cured product tends to decrease. This ratio may be 99% by mass or less, preferably 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 80% by mass or less.
- the curable composition according to the embodiment preferably contains a second radical polymerizable monomer in terms of increasing the hardness of the cured body.
- the proportion of the second radical polymerizable monomer is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, even more preferably 20% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 25% by mass or more.
- This proportion is preferably 65% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, and even more preferably 35% by mass or less.
- the curable composition according to the embodiment preferably contains a third radical polymerizable monomer in terms of increasing the adhesion of the cured body.
- the proportion of the third radical polymerizable monomer is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, and even more preferably 3% by mass or more.
- This proportion is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and even more preferably 7% by mass or less.
- the content of di(meth)acrylate other than the first radical polymerizable monomer is preferably 70% by mass or less. That is, if the content of di(meth)acrylate such as (meth)acrylate having an alkylene oxide chain with 2 or less carbon atoms or polyalkylene carbonate polyol di(meth)acrylate is high, the performance of the functional dye of the cured body may be reduced, and the adhesion of the cured body may be reduced.
- the content of di(meth)acrylate other than the first radical polymerizable monomer may be 45% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and even more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of this content is 0% by mass in one example, and 5% by mass or more in another example.
- the content of (poly)ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate is 30% by mass or less.
- the content of (poly)ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate may be 45% by mass or less, 35% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, and more preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of this content is 0% by mass, and in another example, it is 5% by mass or more.
- the content of the first radical polymerizable monomer may be 40% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less
- the content of the second radical polymerizable monomer may be 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less
- the content of the third radical polymerizable monomer may be 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less
- the remainder may be the proportion of functional dyes and additives.
- the content of the first radical polymerizable monomer may be 35% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, the content of the second radical polymerizable monomer may be 10% by mass or more and 55% by mass or less, the content of the third radical polymerizable monomer may be 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and the remainder may be the proportion of functional dyes and additives.
- the proportion of methacrylate is preferably 50% by mass or more. If this proportion is high, a cured product with high functionality of the functional dye tends to be obtained.
- This proportion is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more. In one example, the upper limit of this proportion is 99% by mass or less, and in another example, 95% by mass or less.
- the ratio M10/M11 of the mass M10 of the methacrylate to the mass M11 of the acrylate may be 0.1 or more and 10 or less, 0.5 or more and 5 or less, or 1.2 or more and 6 or less.
- the ratio M1/M3 of the mass M1 of the first radical polymerizable monomer to the mass M3 of the second radical polymerizable monomer is preferably 0.55 or more and 20 or less.
- the ratio M1/M3 is more preferably 0.60 or more and 10 or less, and even more preferably 1 or more and 5 or less.
- the ratio M1/M4 of the mass M1 of the first radical polymerizable monomer to the mass M4 of the third radical polymerizable monomer is preferably 0.1 or more and 50 or less.
- the ratio M1/M3 is more preferably 1 or more and 30 or less, and even more preferably 5 or more and 15 or less.
- the amount of component (A) when the amount of component (A) is 100 parts by mass, the amount of component (A-1) may be 35 to 100 parts by mass, 38 to 95 parts by mass, 40 to 95 parts by mass, or 40 to 90 parts by mass.
- the amount of the (A-2) component may be 1 to 500 parts by mass, 1 to 300 parts by mass, 3 to 300 parts by mass, or 5 to 250 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the (A-1) component.
- the amount of the (A-3) component may be 0.01 to 150 parts by mass, 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, or 0.5 to 75 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the (A) component.
- the functional dye includes a compound having a selective absorption ability of visible light, and a compound that develops, loses, or changes color due to energy such as light, heat, an electric field, or pressure. Such a functional dye can exhibit a specific function by undergoing a structural change under a specific condition.
- the functional dye includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a photochromic compound, an ultraviolet absorbing agent, a blue light absorbing agent, an infrared absorbing agent, and an electrochromic compound.
- the ratio M1/M2 of the mass M1 of the first radical polymerizable monomer to the mass M2 of the functional dye is, for example, 10 or more and 10,000 or less.
- This ratio M1/M2 is preferably 15 or more and 1,000 or less, and more preferably 20 or more and 100 or less.
- the content of the functional dye in the curable composition is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the content of the functional dye is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 8% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.
- the photochromic compound is used in an amount sufficient to obtain the desired photochromic properties, preferably from 0.01 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of component (A).
- the curable composition containing the photochromic compound is to be made into a thin film such as a coating, for example, a thin film of about 100 ⁇ m (a polymer film formed by polymerizing the photochromic curable composition)
- a thin film of about 100 ⁇ m a polymer film formed by polymerizing the photochromic curable composition
- a thick cured body a polymer molded body obtained by polymerizing a photochromic curable composition
- a cured body having a thickness of 1 mm or more it is advisable to mix 0.01 to 1 part by mass of a photochromic compound per 100 parts by mass of the thick cured body or 100 parts by mass of a polymerizable compound that gives a thick cured body, to adjust the color tone.
- the photochromic compound can be any known compound without any restrictions, and can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Representative photochromic compounds include chromene compounds, fulgide compounds, fulgimide compounds, and spirooxazine compounds, which are disclosed in many documents, such as JP-A-2-28154, JP-A-62-288830, WO-94/22850, WO-96/14596, WO-2022/075330, and WO-2022/168989.
- chromene compounds and spirooxazine compounds are particularly preferable. Chromene compounds include compounds having a 1-benzopyran skeleton, spiropyran compounds containing a spiropyran skeleton, and naphthopyran compounds having a naphthopyran skeleton.
- the naphthopyran compound preferably includes compounds represented by the following formulas (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), and (14):
- ring AA is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocycle, or a substituted or unsubstituted fused polycycle in which an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle is fused to the ring. Ring AA does not necessarily have to be present.
- Ring AB is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocycle, or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycycle in which an aromatic ring or aromatic heterocycle is condensed to the ring.
- R 24 and R 25 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two or more of the substituents may be bonded to form a ring structure.
- the substituents are hydroxyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, formyl, hydroxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, aralkyl which may have a substituent, aralkoxy which may have a substituent, aryloxy which may have a substituent, alkylthio, arylthio which may have a substituent, aryl which may have a substituent, amino, substituted amino, and heterocyclic which may have a substituent, and are preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of haloalkylthio, cycloalkylthio which may have a substituent, oligomer, and the group represented by the following formula (15).
- Q 1 is an alkylene group which may contain a halogen atom in the substituent.
- Q 2 is an alkylene group which may contain a halogen atom in the substituent.
- Q 3 is an alkyl group which may contain a halogen atom in the substituent.
- P 1 and P 2 are each independently O, S, NR 700 , PR 701 , or P( ⁇ O).
- R 700 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent.
- R 701 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent.
- aa is 0 or 1 to 10.
- M is CR26R27 , SiR26R27 , GeR26R27 , or NR26 .
- R26 and R27 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent , and two or more of the substituents may be bonded to form a ring structure.
- the substituent is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, a formyl group, a hydroxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a halogen atom, an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, an aralkoxy group which may have a substituent, an aryloxy group which may have a substituent, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, an amino group, a substituted amino group, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and a group represented by the above formula (15).
- R 26 and R 27 are taken together to form a ring structure, it is preferable that they form an aliphatic ring having 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms, a condensed polycycle in which an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle is condensed to an aliphatic ring, a heterocycle having 3 to 20 ring atoms, or a condensed polycycle in which an aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocycle is condensed to a heterocycle.
- R 1000 , R 1001 and R 1002 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two or more substituents may be bonded to form a ring structure.
- the same types of substituents as those described in formula (9) may be used.
- mm is an integer of 1 to 10.
- R 1003 , R 1004 and R 1005 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two or more substituents may be bonded to form a ring structure.
- the substituents may be the same as those described in formula (9).
- nn is an integer of 1 to 10.
- R 1006 , R 1007 and R 1008 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two or more substituents may be bonded to form a ring structure.
- the same types of substituents as those described in formula (9) may be used.
- oo is an integer of 1 to 12.
- R 1009 , R 1010 and R 1011 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two or more substituents may be bonded to form a ring structure.
- the substituents may be the same as those described in formula (9).
- pp is an integer of 1 to 12.
- R 1012 , R 1013 and R 1014 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two or more substituents may be bonded to form a ring structure.
- the same types of substituents as those described in formula (9) may be used.
- qq is an integer of 1 to 12.
- Naphthopyran compounds include indenonaphthopyran compounds having an indenonaphthopyran skeleton.
- the indenonaphthopyran compound preferably has an indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran skeleton.
- indeno[2,1-f]naphtho[1,2-b]pyrans examples include those described in WO 1996/014596, WO 2001/019813, WO 2001/060811, WO 2005/028465, WO 2006/110221, WO 2007/073462, WO 2007/140071, WO 2008/054942, WO 2009/040073, WO 2010/040074, WO 2011/040075, WO 2012/040076, WO 2013/040077, WO 2014/040078, WO 2015/040079, WO 2016/040079, WO 2017/040079, WO 2018/040079, WO 2019 ... Compounds described in International Publication No. 2010/065393, International Publication No.
- photochromic compounds having an oligomer chain group in the molecule can also be suitably used.
- Photochromic compounds having such oligomer chain groups are disclosed in many documents, such as WO 2000/015630, WO 2004/041961, WO 2009/146509, WO 2012/149599, WO 2012/162725, WO 2013/078086, WO 2019/013249, and WO 2019/203205.
- photochromic compounds having an oligomer chain group in the molecule it is preferable to use photochromic compounds having an oligomer chain group described in WO 2019/013249 and WO 2019/203205, because they exhibit superior photochromic properties and durability.
- the indenonaphthopyran compound preferably contains a compound shown in the following formula (16):
- R 24 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 are the same as defined above.
- r is an integer of 0 to 4.
- s is an integer of 0 to 4.
- the multiple R 28 may be the same or different from each other.
- the multiple R 29 may be the same or different from each other.
- the two adjacent R 28 may be joined together with the carbon atom bonded to those R 28 to form a ring that may contain at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen atoms, carbon atoms, sulfur atoms, and nitrogen atoms, and the ring may have a substituent.
- the two adjacent R 29 may be joined together with the carbon atom bonded to those R 29 to form a ring that may contain at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen atoms, carbon atoms, sulfur atoms, or nitrogen atoms, and the ring may have a substituent.
- R 28 and R 29 are each independently a group represented by formula (15), a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group, an amino group, a substituted amino group, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group which may have a substituent, a nitro group, a formyl group, a hydroxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, an aralkoxy group which may have a substituent, an aryloxy group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, a heteroaryl group which may have a substituent, a thiol group, an alkoxyalkylthio group
- E is an oxygen atom or NR 101
- R 101 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- F is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- G is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or NR 202.
- R 202 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- gg is an integer of 0 or 1.
- R 201 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- R 201 is a group other than a hydrogen atom.
- R 400 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a silyl group having a substituent, a polymerizable group, or a photochromic group.
- the substituent of the silyl group is an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, or an aryl group.
- L is a group represented by the following formula (18).
- J is a divalent group, each independently being a direct bond, a substituted methylene group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or NR 301.
- R 301 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- L in formula (18) is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- R 300 is an alkylene group, or a silylene group having an alkyl group or an aryl group as a substituent.
- R 302 , R 303 , and R 304 are alkylene groups.
- hh, jj, kk, and ll are 0 or 1.
- ii is an integer from 1 to 200. A plurality of ii units may be the same or different.
- the dashed line represents a bond with R 400 .
- the curable composition contains the above-mentioned components (A) and (B) as essential components.
- Various known compounding agents can be compounded into the curable composition within a range that does not impair the effect.
- the compounding agents include various stabilizers such as release agents, ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, ultraviolet stabilizers, antioxidants, coloring inhibitors, antistatic agents, fluorescent dyes, dyes, pigments, and fragrances.
- Solvents and leveling agents can also be compounded.
- Thiols such as t-dodecyl mercaptan can be compounded as polymerization regulators.
- UV stabilizer When an ultraviolet stabilizer is mixed and used, the durability of the photochromic compound can be further improved, and therefore it is preferable to add it.
- a hindered amine light stabilizer As the ultraviolet stabilizer, a hindered amine light stabilizer, a hindered phenol antioxidant, or a sulfur-based antioxidant can be preferably used.
- the hindered amine light stabilizer there is no particular limitation, but bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of preventing deterioration of the photochromic compound.
- hindered amine light stabilizers commercially available from ADEKA Corporation under the trade names of Adeka STAB LA-52, LA-57, LA-62, LA-63, LA-67, LA-77, LA-87, etc. can also be preferably used.
- Hindered phenol antioxidants are preferred in terms of preventing deterioration of photochromic compounds.
- 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl-phenol IRGANOX245 (ethylene bis(oxyethylene) bis[3,5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl]propionate) manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.
- IRGANOX1076 octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
- UV stabilizers include IRGANOX 1010: pentaerythritol tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] manufactured by BASF Japan Co., Ltd., and IRGANOX 1035, 1075, 1098, 1135, 1141, 1222, 1330, 1425, 1520, 259, 3114, 3790, 5057,
- the polymerization initiator includes a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator, and specific examples thereof are as follows.
- Thermal polymerization initiators include: Diacyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, Peroxyesters: t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanate, t-butyl peroxy neodecanate, cumyl peroxy neodecanate, t-butyl peroxy benzoate, Peroxydicarbonates: diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate, Azo compounds: azobisisobutyronitrile, etc.
- Photopolymerization initiators include: Acetophenone compounds: 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, ⁇ -Dicarbonyl compounds: 1,2-diphenylethanedione, methylphenylglycoxylate, Acylphosphine oxide compounds: 2,6-dimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine acid methyl ester, 2,6-dichlorobenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, Examples include:
- a known polymerization curing accelerator such as a tertiary amine can also be used in combination.
- Adding a surfactant can improve the wettability of the optical substrate and the primer layer and prevent the occurrence of poor appearance.
- the surfactant include known surfactants such as silicone surfactants having a silicone chain (polyalkylsiloxane unit) as a hydrophobic group and fluorine surfactants having a fluorocarbon chain.
- silicone surfactants having a silicone chain polyalkylsiloxane unit
- fluorine surfactants having a fluorocarbon chain fluorocarbon chain.
- two or more types may be mixed and used.
- the surfactant may be either polymerizable with the (A) component or non-polymerizable.
- silicone surfactants and fluorosurfactants that can be suitably used include L-7001, L-7002, L-7604, FZ-2123, and FZ-2110 manufactured by Dow Toray Co., Ltd., Megafac F-470, Megafac F-1405, and Megafac F-479 manufactured by DIC Corporation, Florad FC-430 manufactured by 3M Japan Ltd., TEGORAD 2100 and TEGORAD 2300 manufactured by Evonik Japan Co., Ltd., and BYK-UV3505 manufactured by BYK Japan Co., Ltd.
- UV absorbing agent known ultraviolet absorbing agents such as benzophenone-based compounds, benzotriazole-based compounds, cyanoacrylate-based compounds, triazine-based compounds, benzoate-based compounds, cinnamic acid ester-based compounds, and oxanilide-based compounds can be used, and in particular, cyanoacrylate-based compounds, benzophenone-based compounds, benzotriazole-based compounds, and cinnamic acid ester-based compounds are preferred.
- the ultraviolet absorbing agent is preferably used in an amount of 0.001 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the curable composition containing the photochromic compound and the polymerizable compound.
- the cured product is obtained by curing the curable composition.
- the curing of the curable composition is carried out by inducing a radical polymerization reaction by irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, and LEDs, heat, or a combination of both. That is, a suitable curing means may be adopted depending on the type of polymerizable monomer and polymerization curing accelerator used and the form of the cured product to be formed.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, and LEDs, heat, or a combination of both.
- a suitable curing means may be adopted depending on the type of polymerizable monomer and polymerization curing accelerator used and the form of the cured product to be formed.
- the thermal polymerization temperature affects the properties of the resulting cured product.
- the temperature conditions cannot be generalized because they are affected by the type and amount of the thermal polymerization initiator and the type of polymerizable compound, but it is generally preferable to start the polymerization at a relatively low temperature and slowly increase the temperature.
- the polymerization time also varies depending on various factors, so it is preferable to determine the optimal time in advance depending on these conditions, but it is generally preferable to select conditions so that the polymerization is completed within 2 to 48 hours.
- UV intensity in particular affects the properties of the obtained photochromic cured body.
- the illuminance conditions cannot be generally limited because they are affected by the type and amount of the photopolymerization initiator and the type of the polymerizable monomer, but it is generally preferable to select conditions such as irradiating with UV light of 50 to 500 mW/ cm2 at a wavelength of 365 nm for 0.5 to 5 minutes.
- the biomass plastic degree of the hardened body is preferably 25% by mass or more.
- the biomass plastic degree can be calculated by a method conforming to ISO standard 16620-3.
- the biomass plastic degree of the hardened body is preferably 30% by mass or more, and more preferably 40% by mass or more. There is no particular upper limit to this biomass plastic degree, but in one example it is 100% by mass or less, and in another example it is 80% by mass or less.
- a laminate includes an optical substrate and a cured body according to the embodiment located on a surface of the optical substrate.
- the optical substrate includes a resin such as a diallyl carbonate resin, a urethane resin, or a thiourethane resin.
- the optical substrate preferably includes a lens substrate.
- the optical substrate may be a lens substrate.
- a primer layer may be provided between the laminate and the cured body. The primer layer includes a urethane resin.
- the biomass plastic content of the optical substrate is preferably 25% by mass or more.
- the biomass plastic content can be calculated by a method conforming to ISO standard 16620-3.
- the biomass plastic content of the optical substrate is preferably 30% by mass or more, and more preferably 40% by mass or more. There is no particular upper limit to this biomass plastic content, but in one example it is 100% by mass or less, and in another example it is 80% by mass or less.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view that shows a schematic example of a laminate according to an embodiment.
- the laminate 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes an optical substrate 11, a primer layer 1 provided on one main surface of the optical substrate 11, and a functional resin layer 12 provided on the main surface of the primer layer 1.
- the functional resin layer 12 includes a cured body according to an embodiment.
- the optical substrate 11 is a convex meniscus lens having an uneven shape.
- the cured body according to the embodiment can be widely used as an optical article, for example, various memory materials such as various memory materials replacing silver halide photosensitive materials, copying materials, printing photoreceptors, cathode ray tube memory materials, laser photosensitive materials, and holography photosensitive materials, and lenses. Lenses are suitable for glasses.
- the photochromic cured body containing a photochromic compound can also be used as a photochromic lens material, an optical filter material, a display material, a light meter, a decoration, and the like.
- the cured body according to the embodiment is particularly suitable for use in photochromic lenses.
- Photochromic lenses are suitable as lenses for glasses such as sunglasses.
- Photochromic lenses can be manufactured by any known method as long as it provides uniform photochromic performance.
- the above-mentioned curable composition is injected between glass molds held by elastomer gaskets or spacers, and depending on the type of polymerizable compound and polymerization curing accelerator, a photochromic cured product molded into the shape of an optical material such as a lens can be obtained by casting polymerization through heating in an air oven or irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays.
- a coating liquid is prepared by dissolving the curable composition in an appropriate organic solvent, and the coating liquid is applied to the surface of an optical substrate such as a lens substrate by spin coating or dipping, and the organic solvent is removed by drying.
- polymerization and curing are performed by UV irradiation or heating in an inert gas such as nitrogen, thereby forming a photochromic layer made of a photochromic cured product on the surface of the optical substrate (coating method).
- a photochromic layer made of a photochromic cured product can be formed on the surface of an optical substrate by placing an optical substrate such as a lens substrate facing a glass mold so that a predetermined gap is formed, injecting a curable composition into this gap, and then performing cast polymerization using an inner mold in which polymerization and curing is performed by UV irradiation, heating, etc. (cast polymerization method).
- the adhesion between the photochromic layer and the optical substrate can be improved by previously subjecting the surface of the optical substrate to chemical treatment using an alkaline solution, acid solution, etc., or physical treatment using corona discharge, plasma discharge, polishing, etc.
- chemical treatment using an alkaline solution, acid solution, etc.
- physical treatment using corona discharge, plasma discharge, polishing, etc.
- the cured product formed by the curable composition may be subjected to post-processing depending on its application.
- post-processing include dyeing with a dye such as a disperse dye, laminating a protective layer containing a urethane resin or an epoxy resin, forming a hard coat film using a hard coat agent mainly composed of a sol of a silane coupling agent or silicon, zirconium, antimony, aluminum, tin, tungsten, etc., forming a thin film by vapor deposition of a metal oxide such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , anti-reflection treatment using a thin film by applying an organic polymer, anti-static treatment, etc.
- a dye such as a disperse dye
- M-PTMG100Bio Polytetramethylene glycol dimethacrylate using polytetramethylene glycol
- TMPT Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
- D-TMP Ditrimethylolpropane tetramethacrylate
- A-TMMT Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate
- M-TMMT Pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate
- A-930M Glycerin triacrylate
- M-GTM Glycerin trimethacrylate
- A-DPEHA Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate
- APC56 dimethacrylate of polycarbonate diol obtained by phosgenation of pentamethylene glycol and hexamethylene glycol (average molecular weight 606)
- MPCD56 Dimethacrylate of polycarbonate diol obtained by phosgenation of pentamethylene glycol and hexamethylene glycol (average molecular weight 634)
- M-GDM Glycerin dimethacrylate
- M-NEO Neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate
- LA82 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate
- TSL ⁇ -methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- RX-1 Polyrotaxane having an acryloyl group According to the method described in WO 2018/030257, a polyrotaxane having an acryloyl group satisfying the following characteristics was synthesized.
- Axle molecule linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of 11,000.
- Inclusion ring ⁇ -cyclodextrin ( ⁇ -CD) introduction ratio: 0.25. Ends of the axial molecule: capped with adamantane.
- Side chain introduced into the inclusion ring; (average) molecular weight of the side chain is approximately 500. Number of acryloyl groups per molecule: approximately 90.
- the weight-average molecular weight Mw of polyrotaxane (RX-1) was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- a liquid chromatograph manufactured by Nihon Waters was used as the apparatus.
- Two TSKgel Super HM-M columns (molecular weight exclusion limit: 4,000,000, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) were used in series.
- the measurement was also performed using tetrahydrofuran as the developing liquid at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min and a temperature of 40°C.
- the weight average molecular weight of RX-1 was calculated by comparative conversion using polystyrene as the standard sample, and found to be 180,000.
- SO-1 A silsesquioxane having a methacryloyl group and the following characteristics: Number of methacrylate groups per molecule: 20. Weight average molecular weight: 4,800.
- SO-1 was synthesized by the following method. First, 248 ml of ethanol and 54 g (3.0 mol) of water were added to 248 g (1.0 mol) of 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate, 0.20 g (0.005 mol) of sodium hydroxide was added as a catalyst, and the mixture was reacted at 30° C. for 3 hours.
- Shodex GPC KF-802 (exclusion limit molecular weight: 5000, manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), Shodex GPC GPC KF802.5 (exclusion limit molecular weight: 20000, manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.) and Shodex GPC KF-803 (exclusion limit molecular weight: 70000, manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), were used in series as columns. Further, tetrahydrofuran was used as a developing liquid, and the measurements were performed under conditions of a flow rate of 1 ml/min and a temperature of 40° C. Polystyrene was used as a standard sample, and the weight average molecular weight was calculated by comparative conversion.
- Component PC1 A compound represented by the following formula.
- PC2 A compound represented by the following formula:
- PC3 A compound represented by the following formula:
- PC4 A compound represented by the following formula:
- PC5 A compound represented by the following formula:
- PC6 A compound represented by the following formula:
- PC7 A compound represented by the following formula:
- Stabilizer HALS bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate
- HP ethylene bis(oxyethylene) bis[3-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-m-tolyl)propionate] (manufactured by BASF Japan, Irganox 245).
- Example 1 (Production of Photochromic Curable Composition) First, the components were prepared according to the following formulation.
- Component (A) Component (A-1): 37.8 parts by mass of M-PTMG200.
- Component (B) PC1, 1.6 parts by mass.
- component (A) All the compounds corresponding to component (A) were mixed together, and then component (B) and other additives were mixed to obtain a mixture. 1000 ppm of leveling agent L7001 manufactured by Dow Toray Industries, Inc. was added to the obtained mixture and mixed to obtain a photochromic curable composition.
- This photochromic curable composition was used to obtain a photochromic laminate by a lamination method in which polymerization was carried out as follows.
- a thiourethane plastic lens with a center thickness of 2 mm and a refractive index of 1.60 was prepared as the optical substrate.
- This thiourethane plastic lens was previously subjected to alkaline etching using a 5% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at 50°C for 5 minutes, and was then thoroughly washed with distilled water.
- the surface of the above plastic lens was coated with a moisture-curing primer (product name: TR-SC-P, manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation) at a rotation speed of 70 rpm for 15 seconds, followed by 10 seconds at 700 rpm. After that, approximately 1 g of the photochromic curable composition obtained above was spin coated so that the photochromic coating layer had a thickness of 40 ⁇ m.
- a moisture-curing primer product name: TR-SC-P, manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation
- the lens having the photochromic curable composition (photochromic coating layer) applied on its surface was irradiated with light for 90 seconds using a metal halide lamp with an output of 200 mW/ cm2 in a nitrogen gas atmosphere to cure the coating. It was then further heated at 90°C for 1 hour to produce a photochromic laminate having a photochromic layer.
- the evaluation was carried out according to the following evaluation methods, and the results are shown in Table 6.
- ⁇ Evaluation method The photochromic laminate thus obtained was evaluated by the following method.
- Expochromic properties [1] Maximum absorption wavelength ( ⁇ max): This is the maximum absorption wavelength after color development, determined using a spectrophotometer (instantaneous multichannel photodetector MCPD3000) manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd., and is used as an index of the color tone during color development. [2] Color density at 23° C. ( A23 ): The difference between the absorbance ⁇ (240) ⁇ after irradiating light for 240 seconds at 23° C. and the absorbance ⁇ (0) before irradiation at the maximum absorption wavelength was used as an index of color density. The higher this value, the better the photochromic properties.
- the Vickers hardness was measured using a micro Vickers hardness tester PMT-X7A (manufactured by Matsuzawa Co., Ltd.). A pyramidal diamond indenter was used as the indenter, and the measurement was performed under the conditions of a load of 10 gf and a holding time of the indenter of 30 seconds. The measurement results were shown as the average value of the three measurements, excluding the first measurement, which had a large measurement error, after four measurements were performed.
- An optical article was prepared by laminating a moisture-curable primer layer and a photochromic laminate on an optical substrate in the same manner as above, except that a thiourethane-based plastic lens with a center thickness of 2 mm and a refractive index of 1.67 was used as the optical substrate.
- the spin-coating conditions were adjusted so that the thickness of the primer layer was 6 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the obtained optical article was immersed in boiling distilled water and boiled for 3 hours at a time for a total of 6 hours.
- the adhesion was evaluated before boiling, 3 hours after boiling, and 6 hours after boiling. The adhesion was measured by a cross-cut tape test with reference to the method of Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) D-0202.
- a cutter knife was used to make cuts at 1 mm intervals on the surface of the obtained photochromic optical article to form 25 squares.
- Cellophane adhesive tape (Cellotape (registered trademark) manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd.) was firmly attached thereon, and then it was pulled in a single motion in a 60° direction from the surface to peel it off. The number and condition of the squares in which the photochromic laminate remained were visually confirmed, and the evaluation was made according to the following criteria. A: No peeling at all. B: Peeling occurred only at the intersections of the cuts, and the number of peeled squares was less than 5.
- C The peeling occurred not only at the intersection of the cuts, but also along the cut edges, with partial or complete peeling occurring over a large area, and the number of peeled squares being less than 5.
- D The peeling occurred not only at the intersection of the cuts, but also along the cut edges, with partial or complete peeling occurring over a large area, and the number of peeled squares being less than 10.
- E The peeling is not limited to the intersection of the cuts, but occurs partially or completely along the cut edges, and the number of peeled squares is 10 or more.
- Examples 2 to 45 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 Photochromic cured products were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the photochromic curable compositions shown in Tables 1 to 6 were used, and evaluations were carried out according to the same evaluation items. The results are shown in Tables 7 to 12.
- the curable composition using the first radically polymerizable monomer represented by formula (1) of the present invention has excellent photochromic properties, and in particular, an excellent fading speed. Furthermore, it is found that the adhesion of the obtained cured body is also excellent.
- the composition includes a first radical polymerizable monomer represented by the following formula (1) and a functional dye, A curable composition, wherein the content of the first radical polymerizable monomer is 35% by mass or more.
- R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 4 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may have a substituent
- R5 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R6 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R7 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- a is 0 to 10
- b is 0 to 20
- c is a number between 2 and 100 and is greater than each of a, b, d, and e
- d is 0 to 20
- e is 0 to 10.
- Q10 is a methylene group
- Q 11 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- Q 12 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Q 13 is a trivalent to hexavalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a1 is 0 or 1; a2 is 0, 1, 2, or 3; a3 is 3, 4, 5, or 6.
- R 1 , R 7 and c are the same as defined in formula (1); R 11 is a linear alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- An optical substrate A primer layer that covers at least a portion of a surface of the optical substrate and contains a urethane resin; [16] A cured product according to [16], which covers at least a part of the primer layer; A laminate comprising:
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Abstract
Description
ラジカル重合性単量体(A)は、(A-1)式(1)で示される第1ラジカル重合性単量体を含む。以下、式(1)で示される第1ラジカル重合性単量体を、(A-1)成分とも称する。ラジカル重合性単量体(A)を、(A)成分とも称する。ラジカル重合性単量体(A)は、求める硬化体の特性に応じ、その他のラジカル重合性単量体を含んでいてもよい。(A-1)成分と重合し得る重合性単量体であれば、特に制限されるものではなく、公知のものを使用することができるが、(メタ)アクレート基を有するラジカル重合性単量体が好ましく、(A-2)一分子中に3つ以上の、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するラジカル重合性単量体および、(A-3)(メタ)アクロイル基を有するその他のラジカル重合性単量体が好適に使用される。
(A-1)成分のバイオマス度は、60質量%以上であることが好ましく、70質量%以上であることがより好ましく、90質量%以上であることが更に好ましい。バイオマス度の上限値は、例えば、100質量%以下であり、あるいは、98質量%以下である。
実施形態に係る硬化性組成物は、一分子中に3つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第2ラジカル重合性単量体を更に含んでいてもよい。以下、一分子中に3つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第2ラジカル重合性単量体を(A-2)成分とも称する。多官能(メタ)アクリレートを含むと、硬化体の硬度が高まる傾向にある。
Q11は、炭素数1以上3以下の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基である。Q11は、直鎖状のアルキレン基であることが好ましい。Q11は、炭素数2又は3のアルキレン基であることが好ましい。Q11は、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、又はn-ブチレン基であることがより好ましい。
Q12は、水素原子又はメチル基である。Q12は、メチル基であることが好ましい。
Q13は、炭素数1~10の3~6価の有機基である。Q13で示される有機基としては、ポリオールから誘導される基、3~6価の炭化水素基、3~6価のウレタン結合を含む有機基が挙げられる。Q13は、4価の炭化水素基、又は、6価の炭化水素基であることが好ましい。Q13は、トリメチロールプロパン由来の基、グリセリン由来の基、ペンタエリトリトール由来の基、ジトリメチロールプロパン由来の基、又は、ジペンタエリスリトール由来の基であり得る。
式(I)で示される多官能(メタ)アクリレートは、下記式(II)に表される3~4官能(メタ)アクリレートを含むことがより好ましい。
Q24、Q25、及びQ26は、それぞれ独立に、下記式(III)に表される一価の基である。Q24、Q25、及びQ26は、互いに異なる構造を有していてもよく、同一の構造を有していてもよい。Q24、Q25、及びQ26は、同一構造を有することが好ましい。
Q27は、水素原子、炭素数1以上5以下の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数1以上5以下の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルコキシ基、又は、下記式(III)に表される一価の基である。Q27は、水素原子、炭素数1以上3以下の直鎖状アルキル基、又は、下記式(III)に表される一価の基であることが好ましい。
ウレタン結合を有する多官能(メタ)アクリレートは、分子内にイソシアネート基を3個以上有するポリイソシアネート化合物と分子内に水酸基を2個以上有するポリオール化合物と水酸基含有(メタ)アクリレートとを反応させて得られるものである。ウレタン結合を有する多官能(メタ)アクリレートは、分子中に4つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するウレタン結合を有する多官能(メタ)アクリレートが好適である。市販品として、新中村化学工業株式会社製のU-4HA(分子量596、官能基数4)、U-6HA(分子量1,019、官能基数6)、U-6LPA(分子量818、官能基数6)、U-15HA(分子量2,300、官能基数15)を挙げることができる。
式(I)で示される多官能(メタ)アクリレート、及び、ウレタン結合を有する多官能(メタ)アクリレート以外の多官能(メタ)アクリレートとしては、ポリエステル化合物の末端を(メタ)アクリロイル基で修飾した化合物が挙げられる。このようなポリエステル(メタ)アクリレート化合物としては、原料となるポリエステル化合物の分子量や(メタ)アクリロイル基の修飾量が異なる種々のポリエステル(メタ)アクリレート化合物が市販されており、これらを使用することができる。具体的には、4官能ポリエステルオリゴマー(分子量2,500~3,500、ダイセルユーシービー社、EB80等)、6官能ポリエステルオリゴマー(分子量6,000~8,000、ダイセルユーシービー社、EB450等)、6官能ポリエステルオリゴマー(分子量45,000~55,000、ダイセルユーシービー社、EB1830等)、4官能ポリエステルオリゴマー(特に分子量10,000の第一工業製薬社、GX8488B等)等を挙げることができる。
その他の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するラジカル重合性単量体としては分子構造中に、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有しており、かつ(A-1)及び(A-2)に該当しないラジカル重合性単量体が挙げられる。このようなラジカル重合性単量体は特に制限されるものではなく、公知のものを使用することができ、(メタ)アクリロイル基を分子内に2つ有する2官能(メタ)アクリレートや(メタ)アクリロイル基を1つしか有さない単官能(メタ)アクリレートを含むこともできる。
実施形態に係る硬化性組成物は、以下に示す2官能(メタ)アクリレートを含んでいてもよい。第1ラジカル重合性化合物以外のジ(メタ)アクリレートを含むと、硬化体の硬度が高まり得る。具体的には、下記式(4)、下記式(5)又は下記式(6)に示す2官能(メタ)アクリレート、ウレタン結合を有する2官能(メタ)アクリレート、前記に該当しない2官能(メタ)アクリレートが挙げられる。
ウレタン結合を有する2官能(メタ)アクリレートとしては、分子内にイソシアネート基を2個以上有するポリイソシアネート化合物と分子内に水酸基を2個以上有するポリオール化合物と水酸基含有(メタ)アクリレートとを反応させて得られるものを挙げることができる。
上記式(4)、上記式(5)又は上記式(6)に示す2官能(メタ)アクリレート、及びウレタン結合を有する2官能(メタ)アクリレート以外の、「前記に該当しない2官能(メタ)アクリレート」としては、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレートや、硫黄原子を含むような2官能(メタ)アクリレートも挙げることができる。硫黄原子はスルフィド基として分子鎖の一部を成しているものが好ましい。具体的には、ビス(2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルチオエチル)スルフィド、ビス(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)スルフィド、ビス(アクリロイルオキシエチル)スルフィド、1,2-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシエチルチオ)エタン、1,2-ビス(アクリロイルオキシエチル)エタン、ビス(2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルチオエチル)スルフィド、ビス(2-アクリロイルオキシエチルチオエチル)スルフィド、1,2-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシエチルチオエチルチオ)エタン、1,2-ビス(アクリロイルオキシエチルチオエチルチオ)エタン、1,2-ビス(メタクリロイルオキシイソプロピルチオイソプロピル)スルフィド、1,2-ビス(アクリロイルオキシイソプロピルチオイソプロピル)スルフィドが挙げられる。
実施形態に係る硬化性組成物は、1分子中に1つの(メタ)アクリロイル基をもつ第3ラジカル重合性単量体を更に含んでいてもよい。第3ラジカル重合性単量体は、単官能(メタ)アクリレートであってもよい。
実施形態に係る硬化性組成物はさらに、その他のラジカル重合性単量体を含んでいてもよい。その他のラジカル重合性単量体としては、(A-1)成分と重合し得るラジカル重合性単量体であれば、特に制限されるものではなく、公知のものを使用することができる。例えばラジカル重合性ポリロタキサン、ラジカル重合性シルセスキオキサン化合物、アリル系化合物、ビニル系化合物が好適に使用される。
ポリロタキサンは、軸分子と、軸分子を包接する複数の環状分子とからなる複合分子構造を有する。軸分子の両端には、嵩高い末端基が形成されており、環状分子の軸分子からの脱落が防止されている。ラジカル重合性を有するポリロタキサンは、環状分子の側鎖にラジカル重合性基が導入されたポリロタキサンである。ラジカル重合性基は、例えば、環状分子の水酸基の1モル%以上100モル%未満を、ラジカル重合性基に変性することにより導入される。変性割合は、(重合性基が導入されたモル数)/(側鎖の全OH基のモル数)×100で算出できる。なお、密着性や得られる硬化体の機械的強度、機能性の観点から変性割合は10モル%以上95モル%以下とすることが好ましい。
シルセスキオキサンラジカル重合性化合物は、ケージ状、ハシゴ状、ランダムといった種々の分子構造を取るものであり、(メタ)アクリル基等のラジカル重合性基を有している。
アリル基を有するアリル系重合性化合物としては、以下のものを例示することができる。ジエチレングリコールビスアリルカーボネート、メトキシポリエチレングリコールアリルエーテル、メトキシポリエチレングリコール-ポリプロピレングリコールアリルエーテル、ブトキシポリエチレングリコール-ポリプロピレングリコールアリルエーテル、フェノキシポリエチレングリコールアリルエーテル、ビニロキシポリエチレングリコールアリルエーテル、スチリロキシポリエチレングリコールアリルエーテル、メトキシポリエチレンチオグリコールアリルチオエーテル。
ビニル基を有するビニル系重合性化合物としては、メチルビニルケトン、エチルビニルケトン、エチルビニルエーテル、スチレン、ビニルシクロヘキサン、ブタジエン、1,4-ペンタジエン、ジビニルスルフィド、ジビニルスルホン、1,2-ジビニルベンゼン、1,3-ジビニル-1,1,3,3-テトラメチルプロパンジシロキサン、ジエチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、アジピン酸ジビニル、セバシン酸ジビニル、エチレングリコールジビニルエーテル、ジビニルスルホキシド、ジビニルペルスルフィド、ジメチルジビニルシラン、1,2,4-トリビニルシクロヘキサン、メチルトリビニルシラン、α-メチルスチレン及びα-メチルスチレンダイマー等を挙げることができる。
実施形態に係る硬化性組成物において、第1ラジカル重合性単量体が占める割合は、35質量%以上である。この割合が高いと、硬化体において機能性色素の性能、硬化体の密着性が高まる傾向にある。この割合は、37質量%以上であることが好ましく、40質量%以上であることがより好ましく、43質量%以上であることが更に好ましく、45質量%以上であることが特に好ましい。一方、この割合が過剰に高いと、硬化体の硬度が低下する傾向にある。この割合は、99質量%以下であってもよく、90質量%以下であることが好ましく、80質量%以下であることがより好ましい。
機能性色素は、可視光線の選択的吸収能を有する化合物、並びに、光、熱、電場、又は圧力等のエネルギーにより発色、消色、又は変色する化合物を含む。このような機能性色素は、特定の条件下で構造変化することにより、特定の機能を発揮し得る。機能性色素は、例えば、フォトクロミック化合物、紫外線吸収剤、青色光吸収剤、赤外線吸収剤、及びエレクトロミック化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む。
フォトクロミック化合物は、所望のフォトクロミック特性が得られる配合量で用いられる。(A)成分100質量部に対し、0.01~10質量部で用いられることが好ましい。
Q1は、置換基にハロゲン原子を含んでもよいアルキレン基である。Q2は、置換基にハロゲン原子を含んでもよいアルキレン基である。Q3は、置換基にハロゲン原子を含んでもよいアルキル基である。P1、及び、P2は、それぞれ独立に、O、S、NR700、PR701、又は、P(=O)である。R700は、水素原子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル基、置換基を有してもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有してもよいアリール基、又は、置換基を有してもよいヘテロアリール基である。R701は、水素原子、置換基を有してもよいアルキル基、置換基を有してもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有してもよいアリール基、又は、置換基を有してもよいヘテロアリール基である。aaは、0又は1以上10以下である。
硬化性組成物は、以上の(A)成分、(B)成分を必須成分とするものである。硬化性組成物には、効果を損なわない範囲で公知の各種配合剤を配合することができる。配合剤は、例えば、離型剤、紫外線吸収剤、赤外線吸収剤、紫外線安定剤、酸化防止剤、着色防止剤、帯電防止剤、蛍光染料、染料、顔料、香料等の各種安定剤を含む。また、溶剤、レベリング剤を配合することもできる。t-ドデシルメルカプタン等のチオール類を重合調整剤として、配合することができる。
紫外線安定剤を混合して使用するとフォトクロミック化合物の耐久性をさらに向上させることができるために配合することが好ましい。紫外線安定剤としては、ヒンダードアミン光安定剤、ヒンダードフェノール酸化防止、イオウ系酸化防止剤を好適に使用することができる。ヒンダードアミン光安定剤としては、特に限定されないが、特にフォトクロミック化合物の劣化防止の点で、ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケートが好ましい。また、株式会社ADEKAにより、アデカスタブLA-52、LA-57、LA-62、LA-63、LA-67、LA-77、LA-87、等の商品名で市販されているヒンダードアミン系光安定剤も好適に使用することができる。
重合開始剤には、熱重合開始剤と光重合開始剤とがあり、その具体例は以下のとおりである。
ジアシルパーオキサイド;ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、p-クロロベンゾイルパーオキサイド、デカノイルパーオキサイド、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、アセチルパーオキサイド、
パーオキシエステル;t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサネート、t-ブチルパーオキシネオデカネート、クミルパーオキシネオデカネート、t-ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート、
パーカーボネート;ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ-sec-ブチルパーオキシジカーボネート、
アゾ化合物;アゾビスイソブチロニトリル
等が挙げられる。
アセトフェノン系化合物;1-フェニル-2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロパン-1-オン、1-ヒドロキシシクロヘキシルフェニルケトン、1-(4-イソプロピルフェニル)-2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロパン-1-オン、
α-ジカルボニル系化合物;1,2-ジフェニルエタンジオン、メチルフェニルグリコキシレート、
アシルフォスフィンオキシド系化合物;2,6-ジメチルベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィンオキシド、2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィンオキシド、2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィン酸メチルエステル、2,6-ジクロルベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィンオキシド、2,6-ジメトキシベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィンオキシド、
が挙げられる。
界面活性剤を添加すると、光学基材や、プライマー層に対する濡れ性を向上させると共に外観不良の発生を防止できる。界面活性剤としては、シリコーン鎖(ポリアルキルシロキサンユニット)を疎水基とするシリコーン界面活性剤、フッ化炭素鎖を有するフッ素界面活性剤などの、公知の界面活性剤が挙げられる。界面活性剤の使用に当たっては、2種以上を混合して使用してもよい。さらに、(A)成分と重合可能な界面活性剤であってもよく、重合できない界面活性剤であってもよい。
紫外線吸収剤としては、ベンゾフェノン系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物、シアノアクリレート系化合物、トリアジン系化合物、ベンゾエート系化合物、桂皮酸エステル系化合物、オキサニリド系化合物等の公知の紫外線吸収剤を使用することができ、特に、シアノアクリレート系化合物、ベンゾフェノン系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物、桂皮酸エステル系化合物が好ましい。上記紫外線安定剤は、フォトクロミック化合物、および重合性化合物を含む硬化性組成物100質量部に対し、0.001~5質量部の範囲で用いることが好ましい。
硬化体は、硬化性組成物を硬化させることにより得られる。硬化性組成物の硬化は、紫外線、α線、β線、γ線、LED等の活性エネルギー線の照射、熱、あるいは両者の併用等により、ラジカル重合反応を引き起こすことにより行われる。即ち、用いる重合性単量体や重合硬化促進剤の種類及び形成される硬化体の形態に応じて、適宜の硬化手段を採用すればよい。積層体を後述するコーティング法によって形成する場合には、均一な膜厚が得られる理由から、光重合を採用することが好ましい。
他の実施形態によると、積層体が提供される。積層体は、光学基材と、光学基材の表面上に位置する実施形態に係る硬化体とを含む。光学基材は、例えば、ジアリルカーボネート樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、チオウレタン樹脂等の樹脂を含む。光学基材は、レンズ基材を含むことが好ましい。光学基材は、レンズ基材であり得る。積層体と、硬化体との間には、プライマー層が設けられていてもよい。プライマー層は、ウレタン樹脂を含む。
実施形態に係る硬化体は、光学物品として広範囲に利用でき、例えば、銀塩感光材に代る各種の記憶材料、複写材料、印刷用感光体、陰極線管用記憶材料、レーザー用感光材料、ホログラフィー用感光材料などの種々の記憶材料、及び、レンズとして利用できる。レンズは、眼鏡用に好適である。フォトクロミック化合物を含むフォトクロミック硬化体は、フォトクロミックレンズ材料、光学フィルター材料、ディスプレイ材料、光量計、装飾などの材料としても利用できる。
(A)成分
(A-1)成分
M-PPG:下記式のジメタクリレート
M-PTMG65Bio:バイオマス度95質量%のポリテトラメチレングリコールを用いたポリテトラメチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量803、c=9、バイオマス度76.8質量%
A-PTMG65:ポリテトラメチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量775、c=9)
M-PTMG85:ポリテトラメチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量1005、c=11.8)
M-PTMG100:ポリテトラメチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量1156、c=13.9)
A-PTMG100:ポリテトラメチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量1128、c=13.9)
M-PTMG100Bio:バイオマス度95質量%のポリテトラメチレングリコールを用いたポリテトラメチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量1171、c=14.1、バイオマス度82.5質量%)
M-PTMG150:ポリテトラメチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量1654、c=20.8)
M-PTMG200:ポリテトラメチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量2209、c=28.5)
M-PTMG200Bio:バイオマス度95質量%のポリテトラメチレングリコールを用いたポリテトラメチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量2151、c=27.7、バイオマス度88.2質量%)
M-PTMG300:ポリテトラメチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量3081、c=40.6)
M-EGTMG160:下記式のジメタクリレート
TMPT:トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート
D-TMP:ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラメタクリレート
A-TMMT:ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート
M-TMMT:ペンタエリスリトールテトラメタクリレート
A-TMMT-43:ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート:ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート=57:43(重量比)混合物
M-TMMT-80:ペンタエリスリトールトリメタクリレート:ペンタエリスリトールテトラメタクリレート=18:82(重量比)混合物
A-930M:グリセリントリアクリレート
M-GTM:グリセリントリメタクリレートA-DPEHA:ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート
9G:ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量550)14G:ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(平均分子量770)APC56:ペンタメチレングリコールとヘキサメチレングリコールとのホスゲン化で得られるポリカーボネージオールのジメタクリレート体(平均分子量606)
MPCD56:ペンタメチレングリコールとヘキサメチレングリコールとのホスゲン化で得られるポリカーボネージオールのジメタクリレート体(平均分子量634)
M-GDM:グリセリンジメタクリート
M-NEO:ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート
LA82:1,2,2,6,6、-ペンタメチル―4-ピぺリジルメタクリレート
TSL:γ-メタクリロイルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
RX-1:アクリロイル基を有するポリロタキサン
国際公開第2018/030257号に記載の方法に従って、以下の特性を満足するアクリロイル基を有するポリロタキサンを合成した。
アクリロイル基を有するポリロタキサン(RX-1)の重量平均分子量Mw(GPC);180,000。
側鎖におけるアクリロイル基変性割合:80モル%。
側鎖に残存するOH基の割合;20モル%。
軸分子;分子量11,000の直鎖状ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)。
包接環;α-シクロデキストリン(α-CD) 導入割合0.25。
軸分子の末端;アダマンタンで封止。
包接環に導入した側鎖;側鎖の(平均)分子量が約500。
1分子当たりのアクリロイル基の個数:約90個。
1分子当たりのメタクリレート基の個数:20個。
重量平均分子量;4,800。
なお、SO-1は、以下の方法で合成した。先ず、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルメタクリレート248g(1.0mol)にエタノール248mlおよび水54g(3.0mol)を加え、触媒として水酸化ナトリウム0.20g(0.005mol)を添加し、30℃で3時間反応させた。原料の消失を1H-NMRにより確認後、希塩酸で中和し、トルエン174ml、ヘプタン174ml、および水174gを添加し、水層を除去した。その後、水層が中性になるまで有機層を水洗し、溶媒を濃縮することによってSO-1を得た。なお、29Si-NMRにより、SO-1は、ケージ状構造、ラダー状構造およびランダム構造の混合物であることを確認した。
SO-1の重量平均分子量Mwは、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー法(GPC法)により測定した。装置としては、液体クロマトグラフ装置(日本ウォーターズ社製)を用いた。カラムとしては、Shodex GPC KF-802(排除限界分子量:5000、昭和電工株式会社製)、Shodex GPC GPC KF802.5(排除限界分子量:20000、昭和電工株式会社製)及びShodex GPC KF-803(排除限界分子量:70000、昭和電工株式会社製)の3本を直列で使用した。
また、展開液としてテトラヒドロフランを用い、流速1ml/min、温度40℃の条件にて測定した。標準試料にポリスチレンを用い、比較換算により重量平均分子量を求めた。
PC1:下記式で示される化合物。
(安定剤)
HALS:ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート
HP:エチレンビス(オキシエチレン)ビス[3-(5-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-m-トリル)プロピオネート](BASFジャパン社製、Irganox245)。
PI:フェニルビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)-ホスフィンオキシド(IGM社製、Omnirad819)
(フォトクロミック硬化性組成物の製造)
先ず、下記の処方のとおり各成分を準備した。
(A-1)成分:M-PTMG200 37.8質量部。
(A-2)成分:TMPT 56.6質量部。
(A-3)成分:TSL 5.6質量部。
(重合開始剤):PI 0.3質量部。
(安定剤):HP 1質量部。
HALS 3質量部。
このフォトクロミック硬化性組成物を用いて、以下のように重合を行っての積層法によりフォトクロミック積層体を得た。
以下の評価方法に従い評価を行い、その結果を表6に記載した。
得られたフォトクロミック積層体を下記に示す方法で評価した。
(1)フォトクロミック特性
[1] 極大吸収波長(λmax):
大塚電子(株)製の分光光度計(瞬間マルチチャンネルフォトディテクターMCPD3000)により求めた発色後の極大吸収波長であり、発色時の色調の指標とした。
[2]23℃発色濃度(A23):
前記極大吸収波長における、23℃で240秒間光照射した後の吸光度{ε(240)}と光未照射時の吸光度ε(0)との差であり、発色濃度の指標とした。この値が高いほどフォトクロミック性が優れているといえる。
[3]23℃退色半減期〔τ1/2(sec.)〕:
23℃において、300秒間光照射後、光の照射を止めたときに、試料の前記極大吸収波長における吸光度が{ε(300)-ε(0)}の1/2まで低下するのに要する時間であり、退色速度の指標とした。この時間が短いほど退色速度が速い。
ビッカーズ硬度は、マイクロビッカーズ硬度計PMT-X7A(株式会社マツザワ製)を用いて測定した。圧子には、四角錐型ダイヤモンド圧子を用い、荷重10gf、圧子の保持時間30秒の条件で測定した。測定結果は、計4回の測定を行い、測定誤差の大きい1回目の値を除いた計3回の平均値で示した。
フォトクロミック積層体を20枚作成し、目視で、クラック発生の有無を確認し、以下基準に従い、クラックを評価した。
A:20枚全てのフォトクロミック積層体において、クラックは全く見られない。
B:20枚のフォトクロミック積層体において、クラックが見られるフォトクロミック積層体が1枚存在している。
C:20枚のフォトクロミック積層体において、クラックが見られるフォトクロミック積層体が1~3枚以上存在している。
D:20枚のフォトクロミック積層体において、表面の一部にクラックが見られるフォトクロミック積層体が5枚以上存在している。
光学基材として中心厚が2mmで屈折率が1.67のチオウレタン系プラスチックレンズを用いたこと以外は、上記と同様の方法で光学基材上に湿気硬化型プライマー層及びフォトクロミック積層体を積層した光学物品を準備した。なお、プライマー層の膜厚は6±0.5umとなるようにスピンコートの条件を調節した。
得られた光学物品を沸騰させた蒸留水に浸し、3時間ずつ、合計6時間煮沸した。煮沸前、煮沸後3時間目及び、煮沸後6時間でそれぞれ密着性を評価した。
密着性は日本産業規格(JIS)D-0202の方法を参考にしてクロスカットテープ試験によって行った。即ち、カッターナイフを使い、得られたフォトクロミック光学物品の表面に1mm間隔に切れ目を入れ、マス目を25個形成させる。その上にセロファン粘着テープ(ニチバン株式会社製セロテープ(登録商標))を強く貼り付け、次いで、表面から60°方向へ一気に引っ張り剥離した後、フォトクロミック積層体が残っているマス目の数、状態を目視で確認し、以下基準に従い、評価した。
A:まったく剥離しない
B:剥離位置はカットの交差する部分のみであり、剥離した数も5マス未満である。
C:剥離位置はカットの交差する部分だけではなく、カットした縁に沿って部分的または全面的に大きくはがれており、剥離した数は5マス未満である。
D:剥離位置はカットの交差する部分だけではなく、カットした縁に沿って部分的または全面的に大きくはがれており、剥離した数は10マス未満である。
E:剥離位置はカットの交差する部分だけではなく、カットした縁に沿って部分的または全面的に大きくはがれており、剥離した数は10マス以上である。
表1~表6に記載のフォトクロミック硬化性組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にフォトクロミック硬化体を作成し、同様の評価項目に従い、評価を行った。結果を表7~表12に記載する。
[1]
下記式(1)で表される第1ラジカル重合性単量体及び機能性色素を含み、
前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の含有量は、35質量%以上である、硬化性組成物:
R1は水素原子またはメチル基であり、
R2は水素原子または炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、
R3は水素原子または炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、
R4は置換基を有してもよい直鎖状または分岐状の炭素数1~7のアルキレン基であり、
R5は水素原子または炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、
R6は水素原子または炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、
R7は水素原子またはメチル基であり、
aは0~10であり、
bは0~20であり、
cは2~100であり、かつ、a、b、d、及びeの各々よりも大きい数であり、
dは0~20であり、
eは0~10である。
前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M1と、前記機能性色素の質量M2との比M1/M2は、10以上10000以下である、[1]に記載の硬化性組成物。
前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の含有量は、35質量%以上99質量%以下である、[1]又は[2]に記載の硬化性組成物。
前記機能性色素の含有量は、0.01質量%以上10質量%以下である、[1]乃至[3]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物。
一分子中に3つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第2ラジカル重合性単量体を更に含む、[1]乃至[4]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物。
前記第2ラジカル重合性単量体は、下記式(I)で表される多官能(メタ)アクリレートを含む、[5]に記載の硬化性組成物:
Q10は、メチレン基であり、
Q11は、炭素数1以上3以下の直鎖状若しくは分岐状のアルキレン基であり、
Q12は、水素原子又はメチル基であり、
Q13は、炭素数1~10の3~6価の有機基であり、
a1は、0又は1であり、
a2は、0、1、2、又は3であり、
a3は、3、4、5、又は6である。
前記第2ラジカル重合性単量体の含有量は、1質量%以上65質量%以下である、[5]又は[6]に記載の硬化性組成物。
前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M1と、前記第2ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M3との比M1/M3は、0.55以上20以下である、[5]乃至[7]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物。
前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体は、下記式(3)で表される2官能(メタ)アクリレートを含む、[1]乃至[8]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物:
R1、R7、及びcは、前記式(1)と同義であり、
R11は炭素数1~7の直鎖状アルキレン基である。
前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の数平均分子量は、200以上9000以下である、[1]乃至[9]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物。
前記機能性色素は、クロメン化合物及びスピロオキサジン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を含む、[1]乃至[10]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物。
[12]
一分子中に1つの(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第3ラジカル重合性単量体を更に含む、[1]乃至[11]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物。
前記第3ラジカル重合性単量体の含有量は、0.1質量%以上20質量%以下である、[12]に記載の硬化性組成物。
前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M1と、前記第3ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M4との比M1/M4は、0.1以上50以下である、[12]又は[13]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物。
(ポリ)エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレートの含有量が、30質量%以下である、[1]乃至[14]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物。
[1]乃至[15]の何れかに記載の硬化性組成物を硬化させて得られる硬化体。
光学基材と、
前記光学基材の表面上に位置する[16]に記載の硬化体と
を含む積層体。
光学基材と、
前記光学基材の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆し、ウレタン樹脂を含むプライマー層と、
前記プライマー層の少なくとも一部を被覆する[16]に記載の硬化体と、
を含む積層体。
レンズ基材と、
前記レンズ基材の表面上に位置する[16]に記載の硬化体と
を含むレンズ。
[19]に記載のレンズを含む眼鏡。
ISO規格16620-3に準じた方法によるバイオマスプラスチック度が25質量%以上である[16]に記載の硬化体。
ISO規格16620-3に準じた方法による前記光学基材のバイオマスプラスチック度が25質量%以上である[17]、または[18]に記載の積層体。
Claims (22)
- 下記式(1)で表される第1ラジカル重合性単量体及び機能性色素を含み、
前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の含有量は、35質量%以上である、硬化性組成物:
式中、
R1は水素原子またはメチル基であり、
R2は水素原子または炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、
R3は水素原子または炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、
R4は置換基を有してもよい直鎖状または分岐状の炭素数1~7のアルキレン基であり、
R5は水素原子または炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、
R6は水素原子または炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、
R7は水素原子またはメチル基であり、
aは0~10であり、
bは0~20であり、
cは2~100であり、かつ、a、b、d、及びeの各々よりも大きい数であり、
dは0~20であり、
eは0~10である。 - 前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M1と、前記機能性色素の質量M2との比M1/M2は、10以上10000以下である、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の含有量は、35質量%以上99質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記機能性色素の含有量は、0.01質量%以上10質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 一分子中に3つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第2ラジカル重合性単量体を更に含む、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記第2ラジカル重合性単量体の含有量は、1質量%以上65質量%以下である、請求項5に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M1と、前記第2ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M3との比M1/M3は、0.55以上20以下である、請求項5に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の数平均分子量は、200以上9000以下である、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記機能性色素は、クロメン化合物及びスピロオキサジン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 一分子中に1つの(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第3ラジカル重合性単量体を更に含む、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記第3ラジカル重合性単量体の含有量は、0.1質量%以上20質量%以下である、請求項12に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 前記第1ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M1と、前記第3ラジカル重合性単量体の質量M4との比M1/M4は、0.1以上50以下である、請求項12に記載の硬化性組成物。
- (ポリ)エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレートの含有量が、30質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物を硬化させて得られる硬化体。
- 光学基材と、
前記光学基材の表面上に位置する請求項16に記載の硬化体と
を含む積層体。 - 光学基材と、
前記光学基材の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆し、ウレタン樹脂を含むプライマー層と、
前記プライマー層の少なくとも一部を被覆する請求項16に記載の硬化体と、
を含む積層体。 - レンズ基材と、
前記レンズ基材の表面上に位置する請求項16に記載の硬化体と
を含むレンズ。 - 請求項19に記載のレンズを含む眼鏡。
- ISO規格16620-3に準じた方法によるバイオマスプラスチック度が25質量%以上である請求項16に記載の硬化体。
- ISO規格16620-3に準じた方法による前記光学基材のバイオマスプラスチック度が25質量%以上である請求項17、または18に記載の積層体。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024128158A1 (ja) | 2024-06-20 |
| EP4636464A1 (en) | 2025-10-22 |
| CN120418714A (zh) | 2025-08-01 |
| KR20250123811A (ko) | 2025-08-18 |
| CN120359456A (zh) | 2025-07-22 |
| JPWO2024128159A1 (ja) | 2024-06-20 |
| CN120359457A (zh) | 2025-07-22 |
| KR20250121020A (ko) | 2025-08-11 |
| EP4636465A1 (en) | 2025-10-22 |
| JPWO2024128158A1 (ja) | 2024-06-20 |
| WO2024128160A1 (ja) | 2024-06-20 |
| JPWO2024128160A1 (ja) | 2024-06-20 |
| EP4636466A1 (en) | 2025-10-22 |
| KR20250123812A (ko) | 2025-08-18 |
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