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WO2024127071A1 - Procédé de neutralisation de gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne et dispositif pour la mise en œuvre dudit procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de neutralisation de gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne et dispositif pour la mise en œuvre dudit procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024127071A1
WO2024127071A1 PCT/IB2022/062320 IB2022062320W WO2024127071A1 WO 2024127071 A1 WO2024127071 A1 WO 2024127071A1 IB 2022062320 W IB2022062320 W IB 2022062320W WO 2024127071 A1 WO2024127071 A1 WO 2024127071A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
pipeline
exhaust gases
oxidation
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2022/062320
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English (en)
Inventor
Kamo KUREGYAN
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/IB2022/062320 priority Critical patent/WO2024127071A1/fr
Publication of WO2024127071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024127071A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/38—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ozone (O3) generator, e.g. for adding ozone after generation of ozone from air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices for neutralizing exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, which are products of oxidation and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels by electrical or chemical means, regardless of the type of fuel.
  • the invention can also be used in other areas of technology (industry, energy) for the neutralization/purification of waste or aspiration (pumped out) gases.
  • a common disadvantage of these devices is their lack of efficiency - neither individually nor in combination they provide the proper degree of purification. This is due to the fact that in all of them the calculation is made for the creation and addition of ozone to the exhaust gases and the further launch of the formed gas-air mixture into the exhaust tract, in the expectation that before the release into the atmosphere, the process of additional oxidation by ozone will have time to complete, which does not happen at all, and together with insufficiently purified exhaust into the atmosphere also leaves part of the undecomposed ozone, which is a poisonous gas.
  • they are characterized by narrowed exhaust passages, which create obstacles for exhaust, and, as it were, "choke" the engine, reducing its power.
  • conventional spark, corona or short arc (approximately 3-5 mm) spark plugs used in them cannot generate enough ozone to effectively oxidize the exhaust gases.
  • the aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of exhaust gas neutralization with their easier passage into the atmosphere, simplify the design, increase durability and reduce the cost of the neutralization/cleaning device.
  • the method of neutralizing the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines which involves afterburning in the exhaust tract/pipeline the products of oxidation and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, in particular, harmful oxides of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur, by their initial additional oxidation with residual oxygen in these gases with simultaneous activation of molecules by their ionization, all this, by exposing them to electrical means, in particular, using corona, arc, spark, and / or glow electrical discharges at high voltages and frequencies, which also generate ozone in these gases at the same stage of processing, further, at the second stage, along the exhaust gases in the pipeline, it provides for the forced supply and mixing with them of a stream of atmospheric air enriched with ozone for intensive additional oxidation in the connecting chamber in order to obtain a gas-air mixture of less harmful gases emitted along a further path and further into the atmosphere, according to the claims, provides for the following significant distinguishing actions: on the flow of the gas-air mixture obtained at the said
  • the proposed method is an additional processing not just of exhaust gases, but the already formed gas-air mixture, activated at the previous stage of processing by ionization and enriched with ozone. This has an obvious effect on the degree of neutralization and purification.
  • the device for neutralizing exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine containing a tee-shaped pipeline formed from the first - a branch path / pipeline for afterburning-after-oxidation and ionization of oxidation products and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuel, the second - a pipeline for forced supply of ozonized atmospheric air, connected at an angle to the first with the formation of a chamber for mixing and swirling, and the third pipeline - for the release of the formed gas-air mixture, and high-voltage electrical arresters installed in the first pipeline as an initial afterburner / after-oxidizer and gas ionizer and in the second - as an atmospheric air ozonizer, also contains power supplies for arresters, according to the claims, has the following essential distinguishing features: the third pipeline for the release of the resulting gas -air mixture along the further path and further into the atmosphere is also equipped with a high-voltage electrical arresters as the final afterburner / after-oxidizer and
  • the device is equipped with means to control the chemical composition of the gas released into the atmosphere and control for adaptive regulation of the flow of forcedly supplied ozonized atmospheric air, as well as the voltage, frequency and power of electrical discharges in the arresters and the performance of the ozonator;
  • the pipeline for supplying ozonized atmospheric air is equipped with a check valve and a resonator - a silencer.
  • the proposed device provides additional processing of not just exhaust gases, but already formed gasair mixture due to the presence of an additional high-voltage electrical arrester as the final afterburner / after-oxidizer and ozonizer of the gas-air mixture, as a result of which there is an obvious effect on the degree of neutralization and purification. Thanks to the design of the arresters with electrodes specially extended as far as possible to the walls of the pipelines, the maximum cross section for the free passage of gases is released, while the arc discharges diametrically penetrate the entire cross section of the pipelines, affecting the entire volume of the flowing gas, which contributes to better additional oxidation and the release of already harmless exhaust gases into the atmosphere.
  • Fig.1 is a schematic diagram of the device for neutralizing exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
  • Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are variants of electric arresters according to the location of high-voltage electrodes.
  • Fig.7 is a schematic diagram of the power supply, control and management of the device for the neutralization of exhaust gases.
  • the device for the neutralization of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines contains:
  • the arrester 3 has a central through hole with an area essentially equal to the cross-sectional area of the pipeline 1.
  • the second pipeline 5 for supplying pre-ozonized atmospheric air - the ozone-air mixture 6, is connected at an angle to the first pipeline 1 to form a chamber 7 for mixing with exhaust gases 2, their turbulence and the formation of an already gas-air mixture 8, i.e. consisting of exhaust gases 2 and ozonized air 6.
  • the pipeline 5 of the air 6 supply is equipped with an ozonizer 9 in the form of a controlled (voltage and frequency controlled) high-voltage electric spark gap, also with a controlled / adjustable air pump 10, a resonator-silencer 11 and a check valve 12.
  • the third pipeline 13 for the flow of the gas-air mixture 8 formed from the exhaust gases 2 and ozonized air 6, is also equipped with a controlled (voltage and frequency adjustable) high-voltage electric arc gap 14 with electrodes (anodes and cathodes) 4 installed in a dielectric housing. It has a central passage hole with an area essentially equal to the cross-sectional area of the pipeline 13. The electrodes 4 are located specifically with the calculation for grid overlapping of the entire space of the passage path by discharges.
  • Dielectric plates 15 are installed in order to avoid electrical breakdown between opposite -pole adjacent electrodes 4 of arresters 3 and 14, they are oriented radially in their through holes and along their axes, but possibly at some angle relative to the longitudinal axis of pipelines 1 and 13 too - in order to swirl the gas flow.
  • the number and location of the electrodes 4 in the arresters 3 and 14, as well as the cross-sectional shape of the pipelines 1 and 13 can be chosen differently, as shown in the drawings.
  • the device is connected to the battery 16 of the vehicle and is equipped with means for generating high voltage and frequency of electric current at low current strength, monitoring the degree of neutralization / purification of gases released into the atmosphere and, possibly, as an embodiment, means for adaptive control / regulation of the forcedly supplied flow of ozonized atmospheric air , performance of the ozonator, voltage, frequency and power of electrical discharges, namely, an adjustable high-voltage converter 17, a toxicity sensor (or several sensors) 18, a logical -functional control unit 19 that sets the above said parameters depending on and from the condition of the least harmfulness of the gas 20 released into the atmosphere.
  • the device for the neutralization of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines operates and the claimed method is carried out as follows:
  • Exhaust gases 2 from the internal combustion engine which are products of oxidation and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, containing, in particular, mainly harmful nitrogen oxides NO2 and carbon CO, flow through the exhaust tract through pipeline 1 and the first electric spark gap 3 is the first stage of exhaust processing.
  • the exhaust also contains oxygen residues that have not had time to be used in oxidation / combustion in the engine combustion chamber.
  • arc high- voltage fractional electric discharges occur between opposite -pole electrodes 4, the action of which covers almost the entire area of the passage section, creating a field with a high intensity, which can also activate gas molecules by ionization, which contributes to the rapid occurrence of chemical reactions.
  • part of the harmful NO2 is additionally oxidized / afterburned by oxygen to NO3, and carbon monoxide CO to carbon dioxide CO2.
  • part of CO and NO2 oxides i.e. their molecules simply decay into elements C and 02, N2 and 02, since the potential energy holding the atoms in the molecule turns out to be less than the energy imparted by a fractional electric discharge.
  • ozonedischarger 9 also operating on the principle of air ozonation by exposing it to high-voltage discharges.
  • Air is taken and pumped from the atmosphere (for example, from the luggage compartment of a car) using an adjustable air pump 10 through an air intake equipped with a resonator-silencer 11 and a check valve 12 that prevents gases from entering the car interior, for example, when the engine is turned off.
  • Ozonated air 6 is mixed with exhaust gases 2 to form a gas-air mixture 8 in the swirling chamber 7 and the process of intensive after-oxidation/afterburning of harmful gases flowing further in the third pipeline 13, by a high-voltage electric arc arrester 14, begins with the following chemical reactions:
  • the amount of suspended particles, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the composition of the exhaust gases 20, will significantly decrease.
  • gases 20 released into the atmosphere we will have practically harmless carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen, nitrous oxide and sulfur monoxide, and we will not even have ozone itself, which was worked out in these reactions, while being also unstable.
  • the chemical composition of the gas released into the atmosphere is monitored using known means, toxicity sensors 18, these data are processed by the logical-functional control unit 19 and adaptive regulation, i.e. adjustment of the flow rate of atmospheric air forcibly supplied by the pump 10, the performance of the ozonizer 9, voltage, frequency and power of electrical discharges by means of an adjustable high-voltage converter 17 from the condition of the least harmfulness of the gas 20 released into the atmosphere.
  • the claimed method in comparison with the prior art, provides almost complete neutralization of exhaust gases, and the design of the device ensures unhindered flow of gases through the exhaust tract, does not reduce engine power, does not require maintenance, since the neutralization method being carried out does not create residues in it, respectively, the device is simple, inexpensive and durable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et des dispositifs de neutralisation de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne par des moyens électriques ou chimiques, pouvant également servir à neutraliser/purifier des gaz d'échappement ou d'aspiration et visant à augmenter l'efficacité de neutralisation des gaz d'échappement en facilitant leur passage, ce qui simplifie la conception, augmente la durabilité et réduit le coût du dispositif. Le procédé de neutralisation de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne prévoit la post-combustion dans le circuit d'échappement des produits d'oxydation et de combustion incomplètes de combustible hydrocarboné par leur oxydation supplémentaire initiale, leur ionisation et leur exposition à des décharges électriques de type corona, arc, étincelle et/ou incandescence, à des tensions et fréquences élevées, et un acheminement forcé en aval des gaz d'échappement et leur mélange avec un flux d'air enrichi en ozone pour la post-oxydation/post-combustion finale du mélange gaz-air par une exposition supplémentaire aux mêmes moyens électriques. Le dispositif de neutralisation de gaz d'échappement du moteur à combustion interne contient une conduite en forme de T équipée d'électrodes haute tension pour la post-combustion/post-oxydation initiale dans celle-ci et l'ionisation, l'acheminement forcé d'air ozonisé et la libération du mélange gaz-air formé, et également équipée d'un dispositif d'arrêt électrique haute tension comme dispositif de post-combustion/post-oxydation finale et ioniseur de gaz. En même temps, des dispositifs d'arrêt électriques sont conçus pour créer des décharges en arc avec une distance moyenne entre leurs électrodes - anodes et cathodes - non inférieure à 0,3 des dimensions internes moyennes des coupes transversales de la conduite. Selon ce procédé, le dispositif est également équipé de moyens de régulation finale de la composition chimique du gaz libéré et de commande et de régulation adaptatives du flux d'air ozonisé, de la tension, de la fréquence et de la puissance de décharges électriques.
PCT/IB2022/062320 2022-12-15 2022-12-15 Procédé de neutralisation de gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne et dispositif pour la mise en œuvre dudit procédé Ceased WO2024127071A1 (fr)

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PCT/IB2022/062320 WO2024127071A1 (fr) 2022-12-15 2022-12-15 Procédé de neutralisation de gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne et dispositif pour la mise en œuvre dudit procédé

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PCT/IB2022/062320 WO2024127071A1 (fr) 2022-12-15 2022-12-15 Procédé de neutralisation de gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne et dispositif pour la mise en œuvre dudit procédé

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GB792603A (en) 1954-11-19 1958-04-02 Wilhelm Fux Process of and apparatus for purifying waste gases
FR2121682A1 (en) 1971-01-08 1972-08-25 Sikich Jack Gas purifier - using corona discharge esp for exhaust gases with supplementary oxygen feed
JPS55104514A (en) 1979-02-05 1980-08-11 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Exhaust-gas purifying system for internal combustion engine
JPS57157008A (en) 1981-03-23 1982-09-28 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Disposer for exhaust and smoke from internal combustion engine
JPH02241559A (ja) 1989-02-10 1990-09-26 Centro Sviluppo Materiali Spa 排気または煙道ガスから微粒子を減少せしめる装置
RU93046778A (ru) 1993-09-27 1996-01-20 Акционерное общество закрытого типа "Аквапалз" Способ и устройство для удаления из газовых выбросов оксидов серы и/или азота
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RU2138652C1 (ru) 1995-07-04 1999-09-27 Форшунгсцентрум Карлсруе Гмбх Фильтровальная свеча для отделения горючих веществ от выхлопных газов с регенерацией
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