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WO2024119211A1 - Procédé et dispositif de traitement de matériaux polymères - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de traitement de matériaux polymères Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024119211A1
WO2024119211A1 PCT/AT2023/060432 AT2023060432W WO2024119211A1 WO 2024119211 A1 WO2024119211 A1 WO 2024119211A1 AT 2023060432 W AT2023060432 W AT 2023060432W WO 2024119211 A1 WO2024119211 A1 WO 2024119211A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
conveyor
torque
speed
tools
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AT2023/060432
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Feichtinger
Roland Huber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen GesmbH
Original Assignee
EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen GesmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen GesmbH filed Critical EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen GesmbH
Priority to AU2023388158A priority Critical patent/AU2023388158A1/en
Priority to EP23825203.5A priority patent/EP4630216A1/fr
Priority to CN202380083905.7A priority patent/CN120303095A/zh
Priority to KR1020257022095A priority patent/KR20250120327A/ko
Priority to JP2025533169A priority patent/JP2025539520A/ja
Publication of WO2024119211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024119211A1/fr
Priority to MX2025006114A priority patent/MX2025006114A/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B17/0412—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to large particles, e.g. beads, granules, flakes, slices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/287—Raw material pre-treatment while feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0468—Crushing, i.e. disintegrating into small particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/048—Cutter-compactors, e.g. of the EREMA type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92523—Force; Tension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92838—Raw material pre-treatment, e.g. drying or cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for processing or preparing polymer materials, in particular thermoplastic waste plastic for recycling purposes, according to the preambles of claim 1 and claim 16, respectively.
  • devices for pre-treating the materials to be processed are connected upstream of an extrusion system, for example well-known cutting compactors or preconditioning units (PCU), which are usually containers with rotating tools that are directly connected to an extruder.
  • PCU cutting compactors or preconditioning units
  • This preparation step in the PCU, which precedes the extrusion process, also has the task of changing the shape and properties of the polymer materials accordingly. It is useful to introduce energy into the material.
  • the thermoplastic materials are mixed, heated, softened, compacted, pre-degassed, dried, dehumidified, cut, crushed, crystallized and/or homogenized in the pre-treatment unit, among other things, and their bulk density is increased.
  • the polymers pretreated in this way are then fed into an extruder to be compressed, in particular melted.
  • Such combination devices have been known for a long time, for example from EP 2 558 263 or EP 2 689 908.
  • the mixing and shredding tools rotating in the container or the PCU also support the filling or feeding process of the conveyor or extruder connected to the container. Both the conveying process and the extrusion process are usually particularly efficient when the filling level of the screw is constant and sufficiently high.
  • the area of feeding of the conveyor or extruder is therefore sensitive and has a significant influence on the end result to be achieved or the quality of the recyclates.
  • the distance of the mixing and shredding tools to the conveyor or extruder also plays a role.
  • Extruder screw the shape and size of the feed opening, the direction of rotation of the mixing tools in relation to the conveying direction of the conveyor or extruder all play a certain role, but also on the conveyor or extruder side, the profile of the screw flight, the shape of the screw base or the free open area of the screw flight. If the feed behavior of the conveyor or extruder is unfavorable, for example, the volume throughput can pump, i.e. the throughput changes over time, which is detrimental to reliable operation and the quality of the recyclates.
  • twin-screw or multi-screw extruders are used in addition to single-screw extruders. These extruder systems are also directly coupled to the PCU.
  • the lowest tool level of the container which can preferably consist of a disk on which tools can be mounted and is located in the area of the extruder opening, introduces the pre-treated materials into the extrusion device.
  • the number of stuffing cycles of the tools of the lowest tool level in the area of the conveyor opening or extruder opening generally has a particular influence on the filling level of the conveyor or extruder.
  • the average bulk density of the materials in the PCU, especially in the lowest area of the PCU, corresponding to the average compaction, is also responsible for the filling level. It is relatively unimportant whether the conveyor or extruder is filled from the side or in the area of the gusset of the twin screw, or in which direction the tools rotate to fill the conveyor opening or extruder opening.
  • the material drawn into the conveyor or extruder is immediately transported further and the result is a torque curve of the drive of the conveyor or extruder that depends on the filling level.
  • the attempt is made to keep the torque curve of the conveyor or extruder or the filling level of the conveyor or extruder as constant as possible. This results in high-quality melting of the polymers without shear peaks that can lead to an overheating of the polymer melt. Too much underfeeding of the conveyor or extruder, i.e. too low a filling level, can lead to throughput losses and shear peaks, but can also result in poorly homogenized polymers. It is therefore advantageous for the quality of the recyclates and the economic efficiency to keep the filling level of the conveyor or extruder constant.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of an unfavorable change in the torque of the extruder depending on the speed of the tool.
  • the speed of the tool was varied in an attempt to meet the needs of the incoming material in terms of moisture, compaction and material temperature in the PCU, which resulted in significant fluctuations in the torque of the extruder and the speed of the tools, which were detrimental to the feeding behavior and material quality, among other things.
  • a method for processing or preparing polymer materials, in particular thermoplastic waste plastic for recycling purposes wherein the polymer materials to be processed are moved, mixed, heated and optionally comminuted in a container or cutting compactor or a preconditioning unit (PCU) by at least one rotatable or rotating tool, optionally several rotatable or rotating tools, and wherein the polymer materials in lumpy or particulate form are then removed from the container and introduced into a conveyor or extruder, in particular in order to be further compacted and melted or agglomerated there.
  • PCU preconditioning unit
  • the torque of the conveyor or extruder is measured and the speed of the tool or at least one of the tools in controlled or changed depending on the measured torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • a device for processing or preparing polymer materials, in particular thermoplastic waste plastic for recycling purposes is provided, which is particularly suitable for carrying out the above method, with at least one container or cutter-compactor or a preconditioning unit (PCU) for the material to be processed, wherein at least one tool that can be rotated or rotated about an axis of rotation, optionally several rotatable or rotating tools, is or are arranged in the container for moving, mixing, heating and optionally crushing the material, wherein a container opening is formed in the container through which the pretreated material can be discharged from the interior of the container.
  • the container opening is formed in particular in a side wall of the container, in particular in the area of or at the height of the lowest or closest tool to the ground.
  • at least one conveyor or extruder is provided for receiving the material discharged from the container via the container opening.
  • a measuring device for measuring the torque of the conveyor or extruder
  • a control device that is in communication connection or data communication with the measuring device is provided for controlling the speed of the tool or at least one of the tools, wherein the control device is designed and/or configured to control the speed of the tool depending on the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • the control device therefore controls the speed of the tool depending on the torque of the conveyor or extruder measured by the measuring device.
  • extruder and extruder screw refer to conveyors or conveyor screws with which the material is completely or partially melted, i.e. classic extruders, but also conveyors or conveyor screws with which the softened material is only agglomerated but not melted.
  • agglomerating screws or agglomerating screws With such agglomerating screws or agglomerating screws, the material is only briefly compressed and sheared, but not plasticized.
  • the agglomerating screw therefore delivers material at its output which is not completely melted, but consists of particles that have only melted on their surface and which have baked together in a manner similar to sintering. In both cases, however, pressure is exerted on the material via the screw during conveying and it is compacted.
  • a torque detection unit can be arranged in the connection area between the gear output shaft and the extruder shaft for contactless detection of the torque that can be transmitted to the extruder shaft via the gear output shaft and the connection area.
  • Other systems for continuously monitoring the torque of conveyors or extruders are also known, for example torque sensors based on the principle of magnetostriction. Such systems are used primarily to detect and exclude possible overload situations in order to be able to operate the extruder closer to the load limits, for example, in order to increase the drive power or the torque density.
  • the torque of the conveyor or extruder is continuously measured at defined, in particular regular, intervals.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the measuring device is designed and configured to continuously measure the torque of the conveyor or extruder at defined, in particular regular, intervals.
  • the torque is measured during the duration of the process either at predefined times or at defined time intervals or distances and the data is transmitted to the control device in order to be able to react quickly and continuously to changes and to adjust the speed of the tools.
  • the conveyor or the extruder is operated at a fixed speed.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the control device is designed and configured to operate the conveyor or extruder at a fixed speed.
  • the speed of the tool is reduced when the torque of the conveyor or extruder increases, or the speed of the tool is increased when the torque of the conveyor or extruder decreases.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the control device is designed and configured to reduce the speed of the tool when the torque of the conveyor or extruder increases and/or to increase the speed of the tool when the torque of the conveyor or extruder decreases.
  • the speed of the tools nWE [rpm] in the PCU is defined as a function of the torque of the conveyor or extruder MEx [Nm]. If the speed of the tools is reduced as the torque of the conveyor or extruder increases, this leads to fewer stuffing cycles and thus to a lower filling level of the conveyor or extruder or the screw flights of the conveyor or extruder. This in turn leads to a decrease in the torque of the conveyor or extruder. This can be mapped accordingly by a PID controller.
  • the speed of the tool is controlled in such a way that the torque of the conveyor or extruder remains constant or the torque fluctuations are less than +/- 5%, preferably less than +/- 3%.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the control device is designed to adjust the speed of the tool in such a way that the torque of the conveyor or extruder remains constant or is halved or the torque fluctuations are less than +/- 5%, preferably less than +/- 3%.
  • the torque curve of the conveyor or extruder can be kept as constant as possible and peaks or major changes can be avoided.
  • the speed of the tool is controlled in such a way that the filling level of the conveyor or extruder remains constant or the fluctuations in the filling level are small/less than +/- 10%, preferably less than +/- 5%.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the control device is designed to set the speed of the tool in such a way that the filling level of the conveyor or extruder remains constant or is halved or the fluctuations in the filling level are small/less than +/- 10%, preferably less than +/- 5%.
  • the filling level of the conveyor or extruder or the screw(s) of the conveyor or extruder can be determined or calculated in a practical way or can be done e.g. by measuring the pressure in the screw or by using ultrasound measurement, as described e.g. in AT 505618 B1.
  • the material preparation sometimes follows different rules than the feeding of the conveyor or extruder.
  • different parameters in the input material e.g. highly variable moisture levels
  • the speed of the tool is controlled in such a way that the speed of the tool does not fall below a certain minimum speed.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the control device is designed to set the speed of the tool in such a way that the speed of the tool does not fall below a certain minimum speed.
  • the speed of the tool can also be adjusted, in particular increased, independently of the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the speed of the tool can also be adjusted, in particular increased, independently of the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • the tools in the container are arranged in at least two tool levels one above the other.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that several, at least two, tools are arranged in the container in different tool levels or at different distances from the bottom surface or lowest region of the container and that the tools in the container are arranged in at least two tool levels one above the other.
  • the material to be processed is often fed into the top of the container, passes through the container from top to bottom for a certain dwell time, is heated, softened and mixed, and is then discharged into the conveyor or extruder at the bottom.
  • Tools at different heights or distances from the ground facilitate advantageous processing and increase flexibility.
  • the lowest tool level is arranged in the area or at the height of the feed opening of the conveyor or extruder.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the lowest tool level is arranged in the area or at the height of the container opening or the feed opening of the conveyor or extruder connected to the container opening.
  • the tools in the individual tool levels can be rotated independently of one another and at different speeds, in particular via separate drives.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the tools in the individual tool levels can be rotated independently of one another and at different speeds, in particular via separate drives.
  • the speed of the tool in the lowest tool level is controlled as a function of the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the speed of the tool in the lowest tool level can be controlled by the control device as a function of the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • the speed of the tools on the lowest tool level i.e. in the area of the filling opening of the conveyor or extruder, is controlled depending on the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • the speed of the tools on the other higher tool levels can be controlled depending on the torque of the conveyor or extruder, but this does not have to be the case, i.e. these tools can also rotate at a defined or adjustable speed that does not depend on the torque of the conveyor or extruder or is not torque-controlled via the control device.
  • the polymer material in the upper area of the container can be processed at higher speeds and with a correspondingly higher energy input, i.e. at higher temperatures.
  • the speed of the tools is then adjusted accordingly in order to keep the torque of the conveyor or extruder or the filling level constant. This achieves a degree of freedom or a decoupling of the material preparation in the container from the feeding of the conveyor or extruder.
  • the speed of the tool is only controlled in the lowest tool level as a function of the torque of the conveyor or extruder and the speed of the tool or tools in the other tool level(s) above is controlled or adjusted independently of the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the speed of the tool can only be controlled in the lowest tool level by the control device as a function of the torque of the conveyor or extruder and the speed of the tool or tools in the other tool level(s) above is controlled or adjusted independently of the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • the speed of the tools of the other higher tool levels is not controlled depending on the torque of the conveyor or extruder, but differently.
  • the speeds of all tools in each tool level are controlled separately and independently of one another as a function of the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the speeds of all tools in each tool level can be controlled separately and independently of one another by the control device as a function of the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • the speeds of all tools in all tool levels are torque-controlled, but can be adjusted independently of each other or individually.
  • the speed of the tool or tools in the other tool level(s) above is regulated such that a certain material temperature is reached in this area. It is also advantageous if the temperature of the material in this area is measured and the speed of the tool or tools in the other tool level(s) above is controlled or changed depending on this material temperature.
  • An advantageous device is accordingly characterized in that the speed of the tool or tools in the other tool level(s) above is regulated such that a certain material temperature is reached in this area and/or that the speed of the tool or tools in the other tool level(s) above can be controlled or changed depending on this material temperature.
  • the tools are advantageously discs, rods or bars, in particular with knives arranged thereon.
  • tools are arranged in several tool levels, in particular several disks one above the other, they can, but do not have to, be the same size, and can therefore also have different dimensions or diameters.
  • An advantageous device is characterized in that the conveyor has at least one compressing screw and is designed as a single-screw extruder. Conveyors with several compressing screws are also particularly advantageous. It is particularly advantageous if the conveyor is a twin-screw extruder, in particular a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. In practice, the effects of achieving a good degree of filling are particularly advantageous with twin-screw extruders or multi-screw extruders. Especially with co-rotating, intermeshing two- or multi-screw extruders - regardless of whether a parallel course or a conical course is used.
  • the number of stuffing cycles of the lowest tool level in the area of the extruder opening has a particular influence on the filling level of the extruder system and results in a torque curve of the extruder drive that depends on the filling level.
  • the tools of the cutter-compactor introduce the pretreated material into the intake opening of the conveyor or extruder or support this process. This depends, among other things, on the direction of rotation of the screw and the direction of rotation of the tools. In this context, it has proven advantageous if, in the area in front of the container opening or in the area in front of the intake opening or feeding opening of the conveyor or extruder, the direction of rotation of the tool of the lowest level runs essentially against or in the opposite direction to the conveying direction of the conveyor or extruder.
  • Such arrangements are basically already known, for example from EP 2 558 263 B1 or EP 2 689 908 B1, and are incorporated into the present disclosure by reference.
  • the longitudinal axis of the conveyor or the screw or the longitudinal axis of the screw closest to the intake opening or the inner wall of the housing or the envelope of the screw runs tangentially to the inside of the side wall of the container, wherein the screw is preferably connected to a drive at its front side and conveys at its opposite front end to an outlet opening arranged at the front end of the housing, in particular an extruder head.
  • the opening in the PCU is connected to the intake opening immediately and directly and without a long distance or transfer path, e.g. a conveyor screw. This enables an effective and gentle material transfer.
  • an advantageous device is further characterized in that the container is cylindrical or conical.
  • the container does not necessarily have to have a circular cylindrical shape, although this shape is advantageous for practical and manufacturing reasons.
  • Container shapes that deviate from the circular cylindrical shape such as truncated cone-shaped containers or cylindrical containers with an elliptical or oval base, can be converted to a circular cylindrical container with the same capacity, assuming that the height of this fictitious container is equal to its diameter.
  • Container heights that significantly exceed the resulting mixing vortex (taking the safety distance into account) remain not taken into account because this excessive container height is not used and therefore no longer has any influence on material processing.
  • An advantageous device is characterized in that the conveyor or extruder is connected tangentially to the container and/or that the housing of the conveyor or extruder has an intake opening on its front side or in its casing wall for the material to be picked up by the screw or screws of the conveyor or extruder, and the intake opening is connected to the container opening.
  • the receiving container is essentially cylindrical with a flat base surface and a cylinder jacket-shaped side wall aligned vertically thereto. It is also structurally simple if the axis of rotation of the tool or tools coincides with the central center axis of the receiving container. In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the axis of rotation of the tool or tools or the central center axis of the container are aligned vertically and/or normal to the base surface. This also applies analogously to conical containers. These special geometries optimize the feed behavior in a structurally stable and simply constructed device.
  • the tool or, if several tools are arranged one above the other, the lowest tool closest to the floor, as well as the opening are arranged a short distance from the floor surface, in particular in the area of the lowest quarter of the height of the receiving container.
  • the distance is defined and measured from the lowest edge of the opening or the intake opening to the container floor in the edge area of the container. Since the corner edge is usually rounded, the distance is measured from the lowest edge of the opening along the imaginary extension of the side wall downwards to the imaginary extension of the container floor outwards. Suitable distances are 10 to 400 mm.
  • PCU preconditioning unit
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows yet another embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows the result of a comparative test not according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows the result of a comparative test.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first advantageous embodiment of a device according to the invention for processing or preparing polymer materials, in particular thermoplastic waste plastic for recycling purposes.
  • the basic structure and the basic mode of operation of such a cutter-compactor-extruder combination is well known, for example from EP 2 558 263 or EP 2 689 908, and is only briefly described below. It should also be noted that the representations in Figures 1 to 3 are only schematic.
  • the device shown in Fig. 1 comprises a cylindrical container or cutter-compactor or a preconditioning unit (PCU) 1 for receiving the polymer material to be processed.
  • a container 1 is already well known, for example, from EP 123 771.
  • the container 1 is cylindrical with a flat base surface and a cylinder-shaped side wall 4 aligned vertically thereto.
  • a rotatable or rotating tool 3a is arranged in the container 1.
  • the tool 3a is a flat carrier disk arranged at a short distance from the base surface, rotating about an axis of rotation, aligned parallel to the base surface, with knives 7 mounted on its upper side.
  • the carrier disk is driven to rotate via a motor 300a via an axis 2a, with the motor 300a located below the container 1.
  • the axis of rotation or the axis 2a is arranged here in the central longitudinal axis or middle axis of the container 1.
  • the tool 3a is used, among other things, to move, mix, heat and crush the material in the container 1.
  • thermoplastic materials are accordingly mixed, heated, softened, compacted, pre-degassed, dried, dehumidified, cut, crushed, crystallized and/or homogenized in the container 1 and their bulk density is increased.
  • the rotation of the tool 3a creates a mixing vortex in the material and the material remains in the container 1 for a certain period of time and is pretreated there accordingly.
  • a container opening 5 is formed in the side wall 4 of the container 1.
  • the housing or the feeding opening of a conveyor 6, here a compressing twin-screw extruder 6, is tangentially connected to this container opening 5.
  • the intake or feeding is particularly sensitive and constant feeding at as consistent a level as possible is particularly important.
  • the outer edges of the tool 3a extend relatively close to the side wall 4, approximately 5% of the radius.
  • the screw of the extruder 6 closest to the container is adapted to the contour of the inner wall 4 of the container 1 and set back in the area of the container opening 5. No part of the extruder 6 protrudes into the interior of the container 1.
  • the tools 3a and the blades 7 are at approximately the same height or level as the central longitudinal axis of the extruder 6.
  • the plastic material to be processed is introduced into the container 1.
  • the introduced plastic material is crushed by the rotating tool 3a, mixed and heated and softened by the mechanical friction energy introduced, but not melted.
  • the softened but not melted material is discharged from the container 1 through the container opening 5 and fed to the extruder 6 or the extruder 6 is fed in this way.
  • the extruder 6 is a conventional co-rotating twin-screw extruder, which is known per se and in which the softened plastic material is melted in a first zone, then compressed and the polymer melt then exits or is granulated on the opposite side.
  • a measuring device (not shown here) is provided for measuring the torque of the extruder 6 or the two extruder screws. Such torque measuring devices for extruders are known.
  • a control device (also not shown) is provided for controlling the speed of the tool 3a, which is in communication connection or data communication with the measuring device. This control device controls the speed of the tool 3a depending on the torque of the extruder 6 measured by the measuring device.
  • the torque of the extruder 6 is continuously measured here at defined, suitably short time intervals or distances and the data is transmitted to the control device in order to be able to react quickly and continuously to changes and to adjust the speed of the tool 3a.
  • the speed of the tool 3a is controlled such that the torque of the extruder 6 remains essentially constant and the fluctuations in the torque are less than +/- 5%.
  • the device of Fig. 2 is constructed largely analogously to the device of Fig. 1, but has two tools 3a, 3b in the container 1 in two superimposed tool planes 30a, 30b, specifically two carrier disks with knives arranged parallel to each other.
  • the lower tool 3a or the lowest tool level 30a is arranged in the area or at the height of the container opening 5 or the intake opening of the twin-screw extruder 6.
  • the upper tool 3b or the upper tool level 30a is arranged in the middle to upper area of the container 1.
  • the tools 3a, 3b in the two tool levels 30a, 30b can be rotated independently of one another and at different speeds via two separate drives 300a, 300b arranged below and above the container 1. According to the invention, the rotational speed of the lower tool 3a in the lowest tool level 30a is controlled as a function of the torque of the extruder 6.
  • the speed of the other, overlying tool 3b can be adjusted independently of the torque of the extruder 6.
  • These tools 3b can, for example, rotate at a fixed, freely adjustable speed or a speed dependent on other parameters that does not depend on the torque of the conveyor or extruder or is not torque-controlled via the control device.
  • the device according to Fig. 3 is again a device analogous to the device in Fig. 2.
  • both tools 3a and 3b are driven from below, i.e. via motors or drives 300a, 300b, both of which are arranged below the container 1.
  • the rotation or drive axes 2a and 2b are concentric with one another.
  • HD-PE bottle grindings were used as the test material. This material was obtained from used containers from the hygiene sector, e.g. shampoo bottles, or from cleaning, e.g. household cleaners. This material was first crushed and then pre-cleaned in a washing system. The basic properties or parameters of this material are that it is easy to pour, but has different bulk densities and also different moisture contents.
  • Each of the test systems had a measuring device for measuring the torque of the extruder and a control device connected to the measuring device for controlling the speed of the tool.
  • the control device was programmed, designed and set up to control the speed of the tool depending on the torque of the conveyor or extruder.
  • a preconditioning unit PCU
  • a container or a cutter-compactor which had a tool with a variable speed drive.
  • a single (lower) tool level was constructed here, which was arranged in the area of the container opening or in the area of the extruder intake. The speed of this tool was therefore controlled according to the invention as a function of the torque of the extruder.
  • the filling level of the extruder could be kept constant even in this configuration 1.
  • the feeding behavior of the extruder, the throughput and the throughput consistency were also improved and the quality of the PE polymer materials obtained was very high.
  • PCU configuration 2 (comparable to a device according to Fig. 2 or Fig. 3), a PCU was used that had two variable speed drives.
  • a first lower tool level (filling level) was arranged in the area of the extruder intake and the speed of the tools in this tool level was influenced and controlled by the torque of the extruder. According to the invention, the speed of this tool was therefore controlled as a function of the torque of the extruder.
  • a second tool level above was arranged above the first tool level or filling level. This was designed with a second drive with a variable speed.
  • This second tool level (which can also consist of several tool levels one above the other) was responsible for the advantageous processing of the incoming material.
  • the speed of the tools on this tool level was regulated so that the energy input into the material occurs in such a way that a certain material temperature is reached.
  • the material temperature was measured with measuring systems that protrude into the material or record the temperature non-contacting from the side or from above. This temperature was essentially determined by the polymer introduced. It was to be ensured that the incoming material chips reached a certain temperature that was close to the softening temperature of the polymer. This ensured that a certain pre-compaction occurred, i.e.
  • the bulk density was evened out, and furthermore that the melting process in the extruder was facilitated because the material was heated close to the softening point. Since the softening temperatures of the thermoplastic polymers used here are in the range in which where the water evaporates, the residual moisture of the incoming material has also been removed.
  • Fig. 5 shows the change in the extruder torque depending on the speed of the tools in the lowest tool level of the PCU.
  • the speed of the tools in the lowest tool level of the PCU was varied depending on the extruder torque.
  • the needs of the incoming material, e.g. moisture, compaction and material temperature in the PCU did not have to be taken care of directly, as this was done by the upper tool in the upper tool level with its own drive.
  • Fig. 5 Clearly visible in Fig. 5 is the advantageously uniform torque of the extruder, which shows little or no fluctuations. In this way, the filling level of the extruder could be kept extremely constant and also sufficiently high. The feeding behavior of the twin-screw extruder, the throughput and the throughput consistency were improved. The quality of the HD-PE granules obtained in this way was very satisfactory.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de traitement ou de transformation de matériaux polymères, en particulier de déchets plastiques thermoplastiques à des fins de recyclage, dans un récipient ou un compacteur de coupe (1), les matériaux polymères à traiter étant, au moyen d'au moins un outil tournant ou rotatif (3a, 3b), éventuellement une pluralité d'outils tournants ou rotatifs (3a, 3b), déplacés, mélangés, chauffés et éventuellement broyés, et les matériaux polymères, qui sont sous la forme de pièces ou de particules, étant ensuite évacués du récipient (1) et introduits dans un transporteur (6), en particulier une extrudeuse (6), de préférence une extrudeuse à deux vis ou à vis multiples, en particulier afin d'être compactés et fondus ou agglomérés à l'intérieur de celle-ci. Selon l'invention, le couple du convoyeur (6) est mesuré et la vitesse de rotation de l'outil ou d'au moins un des outils (3a, 3b) est contrôlée ou modifiée en fonction du couple du convoyeur (6).
PCT/AT2023/060432 2022-12-07 2023-12-07 Procédé et dispositif de traitement de matériaux polymères Ceased WO2024119211A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2023388158A AU2023388158A1 (en) 2022-12-07 2023-12-07 Method and device for processing polymer materials
EP23825203.5A EP4630216A1 (fr) 2022-12-07 2023-12-07 Procédé et dispositif de traitement de matériaux polymères
CN202380083905.7A CN120303095A (zh) 2022-12-07 2023-12-07 用于加工聚合物材料的方法和装置
KR1020257022095A KR20250120327A (ko) 2022-12-07 2023-12-07 폴리머 재료들을 가공하기 위한 방법 및 디바이스
JP2025533169A JP2025539520A (ja) 2022-12-07 2023-12-07 ポリマー材料を加工する方法及び装置
MX2025006114A MX2025006114A (es) 2022-12-07 2025-05-26 Metodo y dispositivo para el procesamiento de materiales polimericos

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ATA50930/2022 2022-12-07
ATA50930/2022A AT526989A1 (de) 2022-12-07 2022-12-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung bzw. Aufbereitung von Polymermaterialien

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WO2024119211A1 true WO2024119211A1 (fr) 2024-06-13

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JP (1) JP2025539520A (fr)
KR (1) KR20250120327A (fr)
CN (1) CN120303095A (fr)
AT (1) AT526989A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2023388158A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2025006114A (fr)
WO (1) WO2024119211A1 (fr)

Citations (12)

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EP0123771A1 (fr) 1983-04-27 1984-11-07 EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif pour préparer un mélange de matière thermoplastique
US4789507A (en) * 1985-10-28 1988-12-06 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Production of preceramic and ceramic fibers from friable, thermally sensitive organosilicon preceramic polymers
JP2002059021A (ja) * 2000-08-24 2002-02-26 Toshiba Mach Co Ltd 廃棄物処理装置の運転方法
JP3683752B2 (ja) * 1999-09-21 2005-08-17 東芝機械株式会社 廃棄物処理装置
US20050287237A1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2005-12-29 Helmut Bacher Device for processing thermoplastic material
AT505618B1 (de) 2007-10-22 2009-03-15 Erema Verfahren zur extrusion von kunststoffmaterial sowie extruder
EP2176046A1 (fr) * 2007-08-14 2010-04-21 EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen Gesellschaft m.b.H. Procédé et dispositif de traitement de matériau synthétique
WO2012164424A2 (fr) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Procédé et appareil de fabrication de pneumatiques
EP2558263A1 (fr) 2010-04-14 2013-02-20 EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif pour préparer une matière plastique
US8992067B2 (en) * 2004-07-16 2015-03-31 Erema Engineering Recycling Maschinen Und Anlagen Gesellschaft M.B.H. Device and method for the preparation of recyclable thermoplastic plastic material
CN107456922A (zh) * 2016-06-06 2017-12-12 深圳市信宜特科技有限公司 一种干法制粒机自感锥度送料结构
US10792672B2 (en) * 2015-09-22 2020-10-06 Next Generation Recyclingmashinen GmbH Device and method for processing thermoplastic plastic having a blowing device for a conveying screw

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JP5372991B2 (ja) * 2011-04-28 2013-12-18 株式会社日立製作所 発泡ウレタンの処理方法及びその処理装置

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0123771A1 (fr) 1983-04-27 1984-11-07 EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif pour préparer un mélange de matière thermoplastique
US4789507A (en) * 1985-10-28 1988-12-06 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Production of preceramic and ceramic fibers from friable, thermally sensitive organosilicon preceramic polymers
JP3683752B2 (ja) * 1999-09-21 2005-08-17 東芝機械株式会社 廃棄物処理装置
JP2002059021A (ja) * 2000-08-24 2002-02-26 Toshiba Mach Co Ltd 廃棄物処理装置の運転方法
US20050287237A1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2005-12-29 Helmut Bacher Device for processing thermoplastic material
US8992067B2 (en) * 2004-07-16 2015-03-31 Erema Engineering Recycling Maschinen Und Anlagen Gesellschaft M.B.H. Device and method for the preparation of recyclable thermoplastic plastic material
EP2176046A1 (fr) * 2007-08-14 2010-04-21 EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen Gesellschaft m.b.H. Procédé et dispositif de traitement de matériau synthétique
AT505618B1 (de) 2007-10-22 2009-03-15 Erema Verfahren zur extrusion von kunststoffmaterial sowie extruder
EP2558263A1 (fr) 2010-04-14 2013-02-20 EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif pour préparer une matière plastique
EP2558263B1 (fr) 2010-04-14 2014-01-22 EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif pour préparer une matière plastique
EP2689908A1 (fr) 2010-04-14 2014-01-29 EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif et procédé de préparation de matière synthétique
EP2689908B1 (fr) 2010-04-14 2016-02-10 EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif et procédé de préparation de matière synthétique
WO2012164424A2 (fr) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Procédé et appareil de fabrication de pneumatiques
US10792672B2 (en) * 2015-09-22 2020-10-06 Next Generation Recyclingmashinen GmbH Device and method for processing thermoplastic plastic having a blowing device for a conveying screw
CN107456922A (zh) * 2016-06-06 2017-12-12 深圳市信宜特科技有限公司 一种干法制粒机自感锥度送料结构

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KR20250120327A (ko) 2025-08-08
EP4630216A1 (fr) 2025-10-15
JP2025539520A (ja) 2025-12-05
AT526989A1 (de) 2024-07-15
AU2023388158A1 (en) 2025-06-26
CN120303095A (zh) 2025-07-11
TW202423650A (zh) 2024-06-16

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