WO2024117172A1 - 痒みの予防又は改善剤 - Google Patents
痒みの予防又は改善剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024117172A1 WO2024117172A1 PCT/JP2023/042721 JP2023042721W WO2024117172A1 WO 2024117172 A1 WO2024117172 A1 WO 2024117172A1 JP 2023042721 W JP2023042721 W JP 2023042721W WO 2024117172 A1 WO2024117172 A1 WO 2024117172A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4245—Oxadiazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/04—Antipruritics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a C3a receptor antagonist, an agent for preventing or improving pruritus, and an agent for preventing or improving pruritic skin diseases.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Itching is a pathological condition seen not only in skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, but also in internal organ diseases such as renal failure. Itching can also be caused by dry skin, sunburn, and friction of the skin against clothing. Since scratching caused by itching physically invades the skin and causes further deterioration of symptoms, resolving the itch contributes to the prevention or improvement of skin diseases. For example, it has been reported that skin symptoms caused by atopic dermatitis were prevented and improved in mice in which the nails of the hind legs were clipped to suppress physical damage to the skin caused by scratching (Non-Patent Document 1).
- the sensation of itching in peripheral tissues such as the skin is transmitted to the brain by afferent sensory nerves that connect the periphery to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
- the cell bodies of afferent sensory nerves are located in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and nerve fibers extend from the cell bodies to peripheral tissues and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
- Afferent sensory nerves are responsible for receiving sensations in the skin and transmitting them to second-order neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
- Itching substances induce itching by binding to the corresponding receptors.
- itching substances include histamine, serotonin, and chloroquine
- itching-enhancing substances include Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13.
- Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13.
- histamine a representative chemical itching substance is histamine, which is mainly secreted from mast cells. Recently, it has been thought that histamine is basically only related to some acute itching, and that histamine is not involved in many diseases accompanied by chronic itching (Non-Patent Document 2).
- antihistamines H1 receptor antagonists
- H1 receptor antagonists such as diphenhydramine.
- Non-Patent Documents 3-4 it has been reported that the treatment of atopic dermatitis and xerosis with antihistamines is ineffective (Non-Patent Documents 3-4), and the itch associated with many skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and xerosis, as well as internal diseases such as renal failure, is said to be intractable itch.
- the mechanisms of many intractable itch cases remain unclear, and there is a need to clarify these mechanisms and develop new target molecules.
- ozanimod is known as an oral agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor subtypes 1 and 5 (Patent Document 1), and it has been reported that it may reduce the ability of lymphocytes to leave lymph nodes and decrease the number of circulating lymphocytes in peripheral blood.
- Patent Document 1 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtypes 1 and 5
- ozanimod is being considered as an oral treatment for multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
- Patent Document 1 JP2011-523412 Publication
- Non-Patent Document 1 Hashimoto Y et al. Life Sciences. 2004 Dec 31; 76(7): 783-94
- Non-Patent Document 2 Ikoma A et al. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2006 Jul;7(7):535-47
- Non-Patent Document 3 J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Jul; 71(1): 116-132
- Non-Patent Document 5 Future Oncol. 2018 Oct;14(24):2531-2541
- Non-Patent Document 5 Lewis JE et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015 Feb 2;6:3 (Non-Patent Document 6) Cero C et al Structure. 2014 Dec 2;22(12):1744-1753
- the present invention relates to the following 1) to 3).
- 1 shows the C3a receptor antagonistic activity of ozanimod.
- the results of RNA-seq analysis of AEW model DRG tissue are shown.
- the results of real-time PCR analysis of Vgf expression levels in the AEW model are shown.
- 1 shows the results of real-time PCR analysis of Vgf expression levels in an AD model.
- the number of itch scratches in C57BL/6J mice after administration of TLQP-21 is shown.
- the number of itch scratches in mast cell-deficient mice after administration of TLQP-21 is shown.
- 1 shows the effect of administration of a C3a receptor antagonist on improving itching in AD model mice.
- 1 shows the effect of administration of a C3a receptor antagonist on improving itching in AEW model mice.
- 1 shows the effect of ozanimod on improving pruritus in AD model mice.
- 1 shows the effect of ozanimod on improving pruritus in ANIT model mice.
- the present inventor first collected dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from a model mouse (hereinafter referred to as AEW model mouse) that showed a skin symptom similar to xeroderma after treatment with a mixture of acetone and ether and water, and performed comprehensive gene expression analysis, identifying Vgf as a gene that showed expression fluctuation. Furthermore, quantitative expression analysis of the Vgf gene in the DRG of AEW model mouse and atopic dermatitis model mouse (hereinafter referred to as AD model mouse) was performed, and Vgf expression in the DRG tissue of both model mice was significantly increased compared to the control mouse (Reference Example 1).
- DRG dorsal root ganglia
- Vgf is a gene that encodes the neurosecretory factor VGF nerve growth factor inducible (hereinafter referred to as VGF). It is known that VGF is decomposed by proteases in the body and produces several physiologically active peptides (Non-Patent Document 5). It was found that when one of these, TLQP-21, was injected into the skin of the back of the neck of healthy mice, scratching behavior was induced in the mice, and TLQP-21 induced itching (Reference Example 2). This scratching behavior caused by intradermal administration of TLQP-21 was also observed in mast cell-deficient mice, suggesting that the induction of itching by TLQP-21 is a mast cell-independent response (Reference Example 3).
- TLQP-21 binds to the complement factor C3a receptor, which is a GPCR-type receptor present on the cell membrane, and induces a signal (Non-Patent Document 6). Therefore, in the process of producing AD model mice and AEW model mice, it was confirmed that scratching behavior was significantly reduced when a compound that antagonizes the C3a receptor was continuously administered to the mice in parallel. This revealed that the C3a receptor is a target for suppressing itch, and that itching can be suppressed by inhibiting the binding of TLQP-21 to the C3a receptor (Reference Examples 4 and 5). This suppression of itch based on inhibition of the C3a receptor signaling pathway is considered to be useful as a new technology aimed at eliminating itch pathologies that were not effective with conventional methods.
- the present invention relates to providing a new material that is useful for preventing or improving itching by inhibiting the C3a receptor signaling pathway.
- the present inventors have searched for an effective substance that inhibits the C3a receptor signaling pathway and have found that ozanimod has a C3a receptor antagonistic effect. To date, no effects of ozanimod on C3a receptors and itch have been reported.
- itching and pruritic skin diseases can be prevented or improved by inhibiting the C3a receptor signaling pathway.
- the ozanimod used in the present invention is 5-[3-[1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-isopropoxybenzonitrile (CAS Registry Number: 1306760-87-1), which is represented by the following formula.
- Ozanimod has optical isomers, and may be any optical isomer or a mixture of optical isomers.
- salts of ozanimod include, for example, alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt; magnesium salt; aluminum salt; ammonium salt; organic amine salts such as trimethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, ethanolamine salt, diethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt, procaine salt, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine salt, choline salt, ethylenediamine salt, meglumine (N-methylglucamine) salt, benethamine (N-benzylphenethylamine) salt, diethylamine salt, piperazine salt, and tromethamine (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol) salt; and acid addition salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, acid sulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, acetate, succ
- Ozanimod may also be made into a prodrug. After administration to a living body, the prodrug becomes a medicamentously active compound through the action of enzymes or metabolic hydrolysis.
- the prodrug may be an acid derivative well known to those skilled in the art, and examples of the prodrug include, but are not limited to, esters produced by reacting ozanimod with a suitable alcohol and amides produced by reacting ozanimod with a suitable amine.
- Ozanimod, its pharma- ceutically acceptable salt, or its prodrug may be a solvate (e.g., a hydrate) or a nonsolvate.
- Ozanimod, its pharma- ceutically acceptable salts, or its prodrugs are known compounds and can be produced by known methods (see Patent Document 1) or obtained commercially.
- ozanimod exhibits C3a receptor antagonistic activity ( Figure 1). Furthermore, a significant decrease in scratching behavior was observed in AD model mice and pruritus model mice associated with cholestasis (ANIT model mice) administered ozanimod ( Figures 9 and 10).
- the C3a receptor is a receptor for C3a and TLQP-21, which are produced with the activation of the complement system. It has been reported that inhibition of the C3a receptor signaling pathway suppresses cerebral edema and cerebral hemorrhage caused by stroke (PLoS One. 2017 Jul 10;12(7):e0180822) and reduces IgG-induced arthritis (J Pharmacol Sci. 2010;112(1):56-63).
- Compound 1 which is known to antagonize the C3a receptor, was continuously administered to mice during the process of producing AD model mice and AEW model mice, and a significant decrease in scratching behavior was observed in the model mice administered with compound 1 (FIGS. 7 and 8). This decrease in scratching behavior represents the sedation of itch.
- ozanimod, a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof can be a C3a receptor antagonist, an agent for preventing or ameliorating itch, or an agent for preventing or ameliorating pruritic skin diseases (hereinafter also referred to as "C3a receptor antagonist, etc.”), or can be used to produce these.
- the compound of the present invention can be applied to animals, including humans, to inhibit the C3a receptor signaling pathway, prevent or ameliorate itch, and prevent or ameliorate pruritic skin diseases.
- use can be in humans or non-human animals, and can be therapeutic or non-therapeutic use.
- Non-therapeutic is a concept that does not include medical procedures, i.e., methods of surgery, therapy, or diagnosis of humans, and more specifically, methods of surgery, therapy, or diagnosis performed on humans by a physician or a person under the direction of a physician.
- C3a receptor antagonism means inhibiting the action of TLQP-21 via the C3a receptor, and includes, for example, inhibition of the C3a receptor signaling pathway.
- "Itch” is a subjective sensation, and its cause is not particularly limited. Examples of the itchy area include a wide area such as the whole body, scalp, face, back, arms, back of the hand, fingers, and legs, or a specific area. The present invention is suitable for preventing or improving intractable itching.
- Refractory itch refers to itch that cannot be solved by antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists).
- Refractory itch includes, for example, atopic dermatitis, xerosis (including senile xerosis, histotic dermatitis, and histotic eczema), contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular eczema, psoriasis, prurigo, nodular prurigo, chronic prurigo, pemphigoid, dermatomyositis, prurigo (e.g., prurigo associated with chronic liver disorder, prurigo associated with cholestasis, prurigo associated with chronic kidney disorder and its dialysis treatment (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), senile prurigo, winter prurigo, etc.), and itch in diseases such as malignant neoplasms.
- itch in atopic dermatitis preferred are itch
- Pruritic skin disease means a skin disease accompanied by itching. Examples include urticaria, atopic dermatitis, xeroderma (including senile xeroderma, histotic dermatitis, and histotic eczema), contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular eczema, psoriasis, prurigo, prurigo nodularis, chronic prurigo, pemphigoid, and dermatomyositis. Of these, the skin diseases except urticaria are skin diseases that correspond to skin diseases accompanied by intractable itching. In the present invention, the present invention is suitable for the skin diseases accompanied by intractable itching.
- the pruritic skin disease is preferably atopic dermatitis, xeroderma, or prurigo nodularis.
- prevention refers to preventing or delaying the onset of symptoms in an individual, or reducing the risk of an individual developing symptoms.
- “Amelioration” refers to reversing, preventing, or slowing the progression of the severity of a symptom or condition.
- the C3a receptor antagonist of the present invention may itself be a drug, quasi-drug, cosmetic, food, or feed for inhibiting the C3a receptor signaling pathway, preventing or ameliorating itching, or preventing or ameliorating pruritic skin diseases, or it may be a material or preparation to be mixed with the drug, quasi-drug, cosmetic, food, or feed.
- the pharmaceutical (including quasi-drugs, the same applies below) contains the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient for inhibiting the C3a receptor signaling pathway, preventing or ameliorating itching, and preventing or ameliorating pruritic skin diseases. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical may contain a pharma- ceutical carrier, or other active ingredient, medicinal ingredient, etc., as necessary, so long as the function of the active ingredient is not lost.
- the administration form of the pharmaceutical containing the compound of the present invention is arbitrary, and includes oral administration and parenteral administration. Examples of the dosage form for oral administration include tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups, etc.
- Examples of the dosage form for parenteral administration include each preparation for external use on the skin, transdermal, transmucosal, nasal, enteral, injection, suppository, inhalation, patch, etc.
- the preferred preparation form is an external preparation for the skin, and specifically includes forms such as ointment, emulsion, cream, milky lotion, lotion, gel, aerosol, etc.
- the cosmetic contains the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient for inhibiting the C3a receptor signaling pathway, preventing or ameliorating itching, and preventing or ameliorating pruritic skin diseases. Furthermore, the cosmetic may contain a carrier acceptable for cosmetics, or other active ingredients, cosmetic ingredients, etc., as necessary, so long as the function of the active ingredient is not lost.
- Preferred examples of cosmetics containing the compound of the present invention include face and body cosmetics (for example, lotions, gels, creams, packs, etc.), make-up cosmetics, and face or body cleansers.
- Such pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations can be produced according to conventional methods by combining the compound of the present invention, if necessary, with a pharma- ceutical or cosmetically acceptable carrier, the other active ingredients, medicinal ingredients, cosmetic ingredients, and the like described above.
- pharma- ceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier include excipients, diluents, binders, disintegrants, coating agents, solubilizers, lubricants, gliding agents, solubilizing agents, glidants, various oils, surfactants, gelling agents, pH buffers, isotonicity agents, preservatives, antioxidants, solvents, dispersants, chelating agents, thickeners, stabilizers, pH adjusters, dyes, and fragrances.
- Examples of such other active ingredients, medicinal ingredients, and cosmetic ingredients include plant extracts, bactericides, moisturizers, anti-inflammatory agents, antibacterial agents, keratolytic agents, UV absorbers, cooling agents, antiseborrheic agents, cleansers, and makeup ingredients.
- the food contains the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient for inhibiting the C3a receptor signaling pathway, preventing or ameliorating itching, and preventing or ameliorating pruritic skin diseases.
- Foods include foods that claim to prevent or improve itching or pruritic skin diseases, and that have been approved or notified as such (special health foods, functional foods, special dietary foods, etc.). An example of a labeling would be "improves skin discomfort (itchy feeling)." Foods that have been approved or notified as functional foods can be distinguished from general foods.
- the food may be in the form of a solid, semi-solid, or liquid (e.g., beverage).
- Examples include various food compositions (breads, cakes, noodles, confectioneries, frozen foods, ice creams, candies, toppings, soups, dairy products, shakes, beverages, seasonings, etc.), as well as nutritional supplement compositions in the same form as the oral preparations described above (solid preparations such as granules, powders, tablets, capsules, microcapsules, and lozenges).
- Foods in various forms can be prepared according to standard methods by appropriately combining the compound of the present invention with any food material, or other active ingredients, or additives acceptable for foods (e.g., solvents, softeners, oils, emulsifiers, preservatives, acidulants, sweeteners, bittering agents, pH adjusters, stabilizers, colorants, UV absorbers, antioxidants, moisturizers, thickeners, adhesives, dispersants, flow improvers, humectants, aromatics, seasonings, flavor adjusters), etc.
- solvents, softeners, oils, emulsifiers preservatives, acidulants, sweeteners, bittering agents, pH adjusters, stabilizers, colorants, UV absorbers, antioxidants, moisturizers, thickeners, adhesives, dispersants, flow improvers, humectants, aromatics, seasonings, flavor adjusters
- the feed contains the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient for inhibiting the C3a receptor signaling pathway, preventing or ameliorating itching, and preventing or ameliorating pruritic skin diseases.
- the feed is preferably in the form of pellets, flakes, mash or liquid, and examples thereof include livestock feed for cows, pigs, chickens, sheep, horses, etc., small animal feed for rabbits, rats, mice, etc., and pet food for dogs, cats, small birds, etc. Feed can be prepared according to standard methods by appropriately combining the compound of the present invention with other feed ingredients such as meat, protein, grains, brans, lees, sugars, vegetables, vitamins, minerals, gelling agents, shape-retaining agents, pH adjusters, seasonings, preservatives, nutritional supplements, etc.
- the content of the compound of the present invention in the above-mentioned formulation cannot be generally stated because it varies depending on the form of the formulation, etc., but for example, based on the total amount of the formulation, the content is preferably 0.01 mass% or more, more preferably 0.05 mass% or more, and is preferably 1.2 mass% or less, more preferably 0.6 mass% or less, calculated as ozanimod. Also, 0.01 to 1.2 mass% is preferable, and 0.05 to 0.6 mass% is more preferable.
- the dosage or use of the compound of the present invention may be an amount capable of achieving the effects of the present invention.
- the dosage or use may vary according to the species, body weight, sex, age, condition, or other factors of the subject, but in the case of oral administration such as tablets or capsules, the dosage is preferably 0.01 mg or more, more preferably 0.1 mg or more, and also preferably 100 mg or less, more preferably 10 mg or less, of ozanimod per adult (60 kg). Also, 0.01 mg to 100 mg is preferable, and 0.1 mg to 10 mg is more preferable.
- such an amount may be administered or used repeatedly or continuously, once or in multiple divided doses per day, for one day or more, preferably for seven days or more, more preferably for 14 days or more, and even more preferably for 42 days or more.
- the subjects to which the C3a receptor antagonist of the present invention is administered or used include humans and non-human animals who require or desire inhibition of the C3a receptor signaling pathway, prevention or amelioration of itching, and prevention or amelioration of pruritic skin diseases.
- Specific examples include humans and non-human animals with intractable itching or suffering from pruritic skin diseases.
- Non-human animals include non-human mammals such as apes, other primates, and felines.
- the site of administration or use of the C3a receptor antagonist of the present invention is not particularly limited in the case of parenteral administration such as external preparations for skin, so long as it is a site where itching is felt.
- the present invention further discloses the following aspects.
- a C3a receptor antagonist containing ozanimod, a pharma- ceutical acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof as an active ingredient is a C3a receptor antagonist containing ozanimod, a pharma- ceutical acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof as an active ingredient.
- An agent for preventing or improving itching the active ingredient of which is ozanimod, a pharma- ceutical acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof.
- An agent for preventing or improving pruritic skin diseases the active ingredient of which is ozanimod, a pharma- ceutical acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof.
- itch is preferably intractable itch, more preferably itch caused by atopic dermatitis, xeroderma (including senile xeroderma, histotic dermatitis, and histotic eczema), contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular eczema, psoriasis, prurigo, prurigo nodularis, chronic prurigo, pemphigoid, dermatomyositis, pruritus (e.g., pruritus associated with chronic liver disorder, pruritus associated with cholestasis, pruritus associated with chronic renal disorder and dialysis treatment therefor [hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis], senile cutaneous pruritus, winter pruritus, etc.), malignant neoplasm, or the like, and even more preferably itch caused by atopic dermatitis, xeroderma (including senile xer
- ⁇ 5> The agent for preventing or improving a pruritic skin disease according to ⁇ 3>, wherein the pruritic skin disease is preferably urticaria, atopic dermatitis, xeroderma (including senile xeroderma, histotic dermatitis, and histotic eczema), contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular eczema, psoriasis, prurigo, prurigo nodularis, chronic prurigo, pemphigoid, or dermatomyositis, and more preferably atopic dermatitis, xeroderma, or prurigo nodularis.
- the pruritic skin disease is preferably urticaria, atopic dermatitis, xeroderma (including senile xeroderma, histotic dermatitis, and histotic eczema), contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatiti
- ⁇ 6> The agent according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the content of ozanimod, a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof in the formulation is, in terms of ozanimod, based on the total amount of the formulation, preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and is preferably 1.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.6% by mass or less, and is preferably 0.01 to 1.2% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 0.6% by mass.
- ⁇ 7> The agent according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, which is a pharmaceutical preparation.
- ⁇ 8> The agent according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein the dosage or usage amount of ozanimod, a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof, in the case of oral administration, is, in terms of ozanimod, preferably not less than 0.01 mg, more preferably not less than 0.1 mg, and is preferably not more than 100 mg, more preferably not more than 10 mg, and is preferably 0.01 mg to 100 mg, more preferably 0.1 mg to 10 mg, in terms of ozanimod, per adult (60 kg) once.
- ⁇ 9> Use of ozanimod, a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof for producing a C3a receptor antagonist.
- a method for antagonizing a C3a receptor comprising administering or applying ozanimod, a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof to a subject.
- a method for preventing or ameliorating itch comprising administering or applying ozanimod, a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof to a subject.
- itch is preferably intractable itch, more preferably itch caused by atopic dermatitis, xeroderma (including senile xeroderma, histotic dermatitis, andkortotic eczema), contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular eczema, psoriasis, prurigo, prurigo nodularis, chronic prurigo, pemphigoid, dermatomyositis, pruritus (e.g., pruritus associated with chronic liver disorder, pruritus associated with cholestasis, pruritus associated with chronic renal disorder and dialysis treatment therefor [hemodialysis or peritoneal di
- ozanimod Use of ozanimod, a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof for the manufacture of an agent for preventing or improving a pruritic skin disease.
- Ozanimod Use of a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof for use in the prevention or amelioration of a pruritic skin disease.
- a method for preventing or improving a pruritic skin disease comprising administering or applying ozanimod, a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof to a subject.
- the pruritic skin disease is preferably urticaria, atopic dermatitis, xeroderma (including senile xeroderma, histotic dermatitis, andkortotic eczema), contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular eczema, psoriasis, prurigo, prurigo nodularis, chronic prurigo, pemphigoid, or dermatomyositis, and more preferably atopic dermatitis, xeroderma, or prurigo nodularis.
- the ozanimod, pharma- ceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof according to ⁇ 19>
- Example 1 C3a Receptor Antagonism of Ozanimod 1.
- C3a Receptor Ligand Mouse TLQP-21 (Tocris Bioscience, sequence: TLQPPASSRRRHFHHALPPAR, the same applies below) and human C3a recombinant protein (R&D systems) were used.
- the solvent was HBSS (Gibco).
- HEK293 Human Embryonic Kidney Cells 293 (HEK293) into which an expression vector required for evaluation was introduced as follows was used.
- a human C3a receptor expression vector (OriGene), a GNA16 expression vector, and a PEI-MAX (PolyScience) solution were added sequentially to serum-free DMEM medium, mixed well, and then left at room temperature for 20 minutes to prepare a transfection solution.
- the prepared transfection solution was added to HEK293 seeded on a 6-well cell culture plate, and the cells were cultured for 24 hours or more to introduce the expression vector into HEK293.
- the human GNA16 expression vector was prepared by inserting a sequence homologous to the human GNA16 cDNA sequence (Accession No. M63904.1) referenced in the nucleotide sequence database (GenBank) provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information into the plasmid vector pIRESneo3 (Clontech).
- Ca2 + -flux assay The cells for evaluating the C3a receptor response were seeded on BioCoat (registered trademark) Poly-D-Lysine 96-well Black Flat Bottom Microplate (CORNING). The intracellular Ca 2+ concentration upon C3a receptor stimulation was measured. A loading buffer prepared according to the kit's manual was added, and the cells were allowed to stand at 37° C. for 1 hour to allow the Ca 2+ fluorescent indicator Fluo-4 to be taken up into the cells. After washing once with HBSS, a recording buffer containing the C3a receptor antagonist Compound 1 or ozanimod was added. Note that a recording buffer was added to the control.
- a C3a receptor ligand solution (mouse TLQP-21 solution or human C3a recombinant protein solution) was added to stimulate the C3a receptor, and the influx of Ca 2+ associated with the stimulation was measured as the intracellular fluorescence intensity (Ex: 480 nm, The measured values were determined by subtracting the measured values (blank) in which HBSS was added instead of the C3a receptor ligand solution.
- the human C3a recombinant protein solution was appropriately diluted and added so that the final concentrations at the time of measuring the fluorescence intensity were 1 ⁇ M, 10 ⁇ M, 1 ⁇ M, and 300 nM, respectively.
- the addition of the C3a receptor antagonist solution and the C3a receptor ligand solution to the cells for evaluating the C3a receptor response and the measurement of the fluorescence intensity were carried out using a fluorescent plate reader (FDSS/ ⁇ CELL, Hamamatsu Photonics) equipped with an automatic dispensing function. The measurement was performed over a 3-minute period after the addition of the C3a receptor ligand solution. The integrated value of the fluorescence intensity measured in the control was set to 100%, and the integrated value (%) of the fluorescence intensity in the ozanimod was calculated. As shown in Figure 1.
- RNA Dorsal root ganglia were excised from mouse cervical vertebrae. The excised tissue was homogenized using a Polytron homogenizer, and total RNA was purified using QIAGEN's RNeasy Mini Kit.
- RNA-seq Total RNA purified from AEW model mice and their control mice was used. SuperScript VILO (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used for reverse transcription, and the subsequent processing was in accordance with the standard protocol of Thermo Fisher Scientific's Ion AmpliSeq. The Ion S5 system was used for sequencing. The results are shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, in the AEW model, Vgf expression per constant sequence amount was significantly increased compared to the control mice (p ⁇ 0.05 by Student's t-test).
- Real-time PCR Total RNA purified from AEW model mice, AD model mice, and their control mice was used to perform quantitative PCR analysis of the Vgf gene using a Real-Time PCR System with specific TaqMan Gene Expression Assays, with Vgf as the target gene. Rplp0 was used as an internal standard.
- Figures 3 and 4 show the relative expression level of the Vgf gene, with the expression level of the Vgf gene in the control mouse taken as 1.
- the expression level of Vgf in DRG tissue was significantly increased in AEW model mice compared to control mice. Also, as shown in Figure 4, the expression level of Vgf in DRG tissue was significantly increased in AD model mice compared to control mice.
- Reference Example 2 Itching caused by TLQP-21 1. Experimental animals Male C57BL/6J mice were used.
- Mouse TLQP-21 (Tocris Bioscience) was prepared to 15 nmol/20 ⁇ L and 30 nmol/20 ⁇ L. Physiological saline was used as the solvent. 20 ⁇ L of this was administered intradermally to the hind neck of shaved C57BL/6J mice. After injection, the mice were immediately started to measure scratching behavior, and the measured values for 30 minutes after the start were analyzed.
- mice TLQP-21 (Tocris Bioscience) was prepared to be 20 nmol/20 ⁇ L. Physiological saline was used as the solvent. 20 ⁇ L of this was administered intradermally to the posterior neck of shaved WBB6F1/Kit- Kit W / Kit W-v strain and WBB6F1+/+ strain. After injection, the mice were immediately started to measure scratching behavior, and the measured values for 30 minutes after the start were analyzed.
- TLQP-21 increased scratching behavior in both mast cell-deficient and wild-type control mice.
- Example 2 Sample preparation and administration method Compound 1, whose C3a receptor antagonistic activity was confirmed in Example 1, was used as the C3a receptor antagonist. Compound 1 was dissolved in physiological saline containing 20% polyethylene glycol 400, and 200 ⁇ L was administered subcutaneously to the back of the neck. The same amount of the solvent alone was administered to the control group. The concentration of the C3a receptor antagonist solution was set to 0.5 mg/mL. Sample administration was started from the second application of the mite allergen-containing ointment, and was carried out three times a week.
- Example 2 Sample preparation and administration method Compound 1, whose C3a receptor antagonistic activity was confirmed in Example 1, was used as the C3a receptor antagonist. Compound 1 was dissolved in physiological saline containing 20% polyethylene glycol 400, and 200 ⁇ L was administered subcutaneously to the back of the neck. The same amount of the solvent alone was administered to the control group. The concentration of the C3a receptor antagonist solution was set to 0.5 mg/mL. Sample administration was started after the first AEW treatment and was carried out once a day for 8 days.
- Experimental animals NC/Nga mice were infested with M. musculi to spontaneously induce dermatitis, and used as an AD model.
- Male mice aged 14 weeks with dermatitis were used. After 1 week of acclimation, the back of the neck was shaved and scratching behavior was measured, and the mice were divided into two groups of 8 mice each so that the number of scratching behaviors was equal.
- Experimental animals Shaved male C57BL/6J mice were used.
- ⁇ -naphthalyl isothiocyanate (ANIT) dissolved in olive oil (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was orally administered to 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice once a day for 10 days using a mouse stomach tube and a disposable syringe.
- Body weight was measured before administration, and the dose was 25 mg/10 mL/kg (ANIT model). It has been reported that mice orally administered ANIT every day exhibited cholestasis-like symptoms and increased scratching behavior (eLife, 2019 8: e44116.).
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Abstract
Description
(非特許文献2)Ikoma A et al. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2006 Jul;7(7):535-47
(非特許文献3)J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Jul; 71(1): 116-132
(非特許文献4)Future Oncol. 2018 Oct;14(24):2531-2541
(非特許文献5)Lewis JE et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015 Feb 2;6:3
(非特許文献6)Cero C et al Structure. 2014 Dec 2;22(12):1744-1753
1)オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを有効成分とするC3a受容体拮抗剤。
2)オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを有効成分とする痒みの予防又は改善剤。
3)オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを有効成分とする掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善剤。
TLQP-21は細胞膜上に存在するGPCR型受容体である補体因子C3a受容体に結合し、シグナルを惹起することが知られている(非特許文献6)。そこで、ADモデルマウス及びAEWモデルマウスの作製過程において、並行してC3a受容体に拮抗する化合物をマウスに継続的に投与すると掻破行動が有意に減少することを確認した。これによりC3a受容体は痒み抑制の標的となり、TLQP-21のC3a受容体への結合を阻害することによって痒みの抑制が可能であることが判明した(参考例4、5)。このC3a受容体シグナル伝達経路の阻害に基づく痒みの抑制は、従来の方法で有効でなかった痒み病態の解消へ向けた新技術として有用と考えられる。
これまでに、オザニモドのC3a受容体及び痒みに対する作用は何ら報告されていない。
C3a受容体は、補体系活性化に伴い産生されるC3a及びTLQP-21の受容体である。C3a受容体シグナル伝達経路の阻害により、脳卒中による脳水腫、脳出血を抑制すること(PLoS One. 2017 Jul 10;12(7):e0180822)、IgG誘導性の関節炎を軽減すること(J Pharmacol Sci. 2010;112(1):56-63)が報告されている。
さらに、参考例2に示すように、VGFの分解により生じるTLQP-21を健常マウスの後頚部皮膚内に注射すると、マウスにおいて掻破行動が惹起された(図5)。この結果から、TLQP-21は痒みを誘発することが明らかになった。TLQP-21皮内投与による掻破行動は、肥満細胞欠損マウスにおいてもみられたことから(図6)、TLQP-21の痒みの誘発は肥満細胞非依存的な応答であることが示唆された。
前述したとおり、TLQP-21はC3a受容体に結合し、シグナルを惹起することが知られている。そして、C3aの受容体に拮抗することが公知の化合物1を、ADモデルマウス及びAEWモデルマウスの作製過程においてマウスに継続的に投与したところ、化合物1を投与したモデルマウスでは掻破行動の有意な減少が認められた(図7及び図8)。この掻破行動の減少は、痒みの鎮静を表わす。このことから、C3a受容体は痒み、特に難治性痒み抑制の標的となることが明らかになった。
従って、オザニモドにより、TLQP-21のC3a受容体への結合を拮抗的に阻害することによって、痒みの予防又は改善、並びに掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善が可能となる。
すなわち、オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ(以下、「本発明の化合物」とも称する)は、C3a受容体拮抗剤、痒みの予防又は改善剤、掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善剤(以下、「C3a受容体拮抗剤など」とも称す)となり得、またこれらを製造するために使用することができる。また、本発明の化合物は、ヒトを含む動物に適用して、C3a受容体シグナル伝達経路の阻害、痒みの予防又は改善、掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善のために使用することができる。
「痒み」は、主観的な感覚であり、その原因は特に限定されない。痒みの部位は、例えば、全身、頭皮、顔、背中、腕、手の甲、指、脚などの広い範囲又は特定の部位が挙げられる。
本発明においては、難治性痒みの予防又は改善に適する。
「難治性痒み」とは、抗ヒスタミン薬(H1受容体拮抗薬)で痒みが解決されない痒みを意味する。難治性痒みとしては、例えば、アトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症(老人性乾皮症、皮脂欠乏性皮膚炎、皮脂欠乏性湿疹を含む)、接触皮膚炎、脂漏性皮膚炎、貨幣状湿疹、乾癬、痒疹、結節性痒疹、慢性痒疹、類天疱瘡、皮膚筋炎、掻痒症(例えば、慢性肝障害に伴う掻痒症、胆汁うっ滞に伴う掻痒症、慢性腎障害及びその透析治療〔血液透析又は腹膜透析〕に伴う掻痒症、老人性皮膚掻痒症、冬季掻痒症等)、悪性新生物などの疾患における痒みが挙げられる。なかでも、好ましくはアトピー性皮膚炎における痒み、乾皮症における痒み、結節性痒疹における痒み、又は胆汁うっ滞に伴う掻痒症である。
「改善」とは、症状又は状態の重症化の進行の逆転、防止又は遅延をいう。
本発明の化合物を含む医薬品の投与形態は任意であり、経口投与又は非経口投与が挙げられる。経口投与の剤形としては、錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、シロップ剤などが挙げられる。非経口投与のための剤形としては、皮膚外用、経皮、経粘膜、経鼻、経腸、注射、坐剤、吸入、貼付などの各製剤が挙げられる。非経口投与の場合、好適な製剤形態は皮膚外用剤であり、具体的には、軟膏、乳化液、クリーム、乳液、ローション、ジェル、エアゾールなどの形態が挙げられる。
本発明の化合物を含む化粧品の好ましい例としては、顔、ボディ用の化粧料(例えば、ローション、ゲル、クリーム、パックなど)、メークアップ用化粧料、顔又はボディ用の洗浄料などが挙げられる。
当該薬学的に又は化粧料に許容される担体としては、例えば、賦形剤、希釈剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、被覆剤、可溶化剤、潤滑剤、滑走剤、溶解補助剤、滑沢剤、各種油剤、界面活性剤、ゲル化剤、pH緩衝剤、等張化剤、防腐剤、酸化防止剤、溶剤、分散剤、キレート剤、増粘剤、安定化剤、pH調整剤、色素、香料などが挙げられる。
当該他の有効成分、薬効成分、化粧成分としては、例えば、植物抽出物、殺菌剤、保湿剤、抗炎症剤、抗菌剤、角質溶解剤、紫外線吸収剤、清涼剤、抗脂漏剤、洗浄剤、メークアップ成分などが挙げられる。
食品には、痒みの予防又は改善、或いは掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善を訴求とし、必要に応じてその旨の表示が許可又は届出された食品(特定保健用食品、機能性表示食品、特別用途食品など)が含まれる。表示の例としては、「肌の不快感(ムズムズ感)を改善する」などがある。機能表示が許可又は届出された食品は、一般の食品と区別することができる。
食品の形態は、固形、半固形又は液状(例えば飲料)であり得る。例としては、各種食品組成物(パン類、ケーキ類、麺類、菓子類、冷凍食品、アイスクリーム類、あめ類、ふりかけ類、スープ類、乳製品、シェイク、飲料、調味料など)、更には、上述した経口投与製剤と同様の形態(顆粒剤、粉剤、錠剤、カプセル剤、マイクロカプセル剤、トローチ剤などの固形製剤)の栄養補給用組成物が挙げられる。
種々の形態の食品は、本発明の化合物を、任意の食品材料、若しくは他の有効成分、又は食品に許容される添加物(例えば、溶剤、軟化剤、油、乳化剤、防腐剤、酸味料、甘味料、苦味料、pH調整剤、安定剤、着色剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、保湿剤、増粘剤、固着剤、分散剤、流動性改善剤、湿潤剤、香科、調味料、風味調整剤)などと適宜組み合わせて、定法に従って調製することができる。
飼料の形態としては、好ましくはペレット状、フレーク状、マッシュ状又はリキッド状であり、例えば、牛、豚、鶏、羊、馬などに用いる家畜用飼料、ウサギ、ラット、マウスなどに用いる小動物用飼料、犬、猫、小鳥などに用いるペットフードなどが挙げられる。
飼料は、本発明の化合物を、他の飼料材料、例えば、肉類、蛋白質、穀物類、ぬか類、粕類、糖類、野菜、ビタミン類、ミネラル類、ゲル化剤、保型剤、pH調整剤、調味料、防腐剤、栄養補強剤などと適宜組み合わせて、定法に従って調製することができる。
また、本発明のC3a受容体拮抗剤などを投与又は使用する部位としては、皮膚外用剤などの非経口の場合には、痒みを感じる部位であれば特に限定されない。
<5>掻痒性皮膚疾患が、好ましくは蕁麻疹、アトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症(老人性乾皮症、皮脂欠乏性皮膚炎、皮脂欠乏性湿疹を含む)、接触皮膚炎、脂漏性皮膚炎、貨幣状湿疹、乾癬、痒疹、結節性痒疹、慢性痒疹、類天疱瘡、皮膚筋炎であり、より好ましくはアトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症又は結節性痒疹である<3>記載の掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善剤。
<6>製剤中のオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの含有量が、製剤の総量を基準として、オザニモド換算で、好ましくは0.01質量%以上、より好ましくは0.05質量%以上であり、また、好ましくは1.2質量%以下、より好ましくは0.6質量%以下であり、また、好ましくは0.01~1.2質量%、より好ましくは0.05~0.6質量%である<1>~<5>のいずれかに記載の剤。
<7>医薬品製剤である<1>~<6>のいずれかに記載の剤。
<8>オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの投与量又は使用量が、経口の場合には、成人(60kg)1人当たり1回、オザニモドとして、好ましくは0.01mg以上、より好ましくは0.1mg以上であり、また、好ましくは100mg以下、より好ましくは10mg以下であり、また、好ましくは0.01mg~100mg、より好ましくは0.1mg~10mgである<1>~<7>のいずれかに記載の剤。
<10>C3a受容体拮抗に使用するためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ。
<11>C3a受容体拮抗のためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの非治療的使用。
<12>オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを対象に投与又は適用する、C3a受容体拮抗方法。
<14>痒みの予防又は改善に使用するためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ。
<15>痒みの予防又は改善のためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの非治療的使用。
<16>オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを対象に投与又は適用する、痒みの予防又は改善方法。
<17>痒みが、好ましくは難治性痒みであり、より好ましくはアトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症(老人性乾皮症、皮脂欠乏性皮膚炎、皮脂欠乏性湿疹を含む)、接触皮膚炎、脂漏性皮膚炎、貨幣状湿疹、乾癬、痒疹、結節性痒疹、慢性痒疹、類天疱瘡、皮膚筋炎、掻痒症(例えば、慢性肝障害に伴う掻痒症、胆汁うっ滞に伴う掻痒症、慢性腎障害及びその透析治療〔血液透析又は腹膜透析〕に伴う掻痒症、老人性皮膚掻痒症、冬季掻痒症など)、悪性新生物などの疾患における痒みであり、更に好ましくはアトピー性皮膚炎における痒み、乾皮症における痒み、結節性痒疹における痒み、又は胆汁うっ滞に伴う掻痒症である<13>記載の使用、<14>記載のオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ、<15>記載の非治療的使用、あるいは<16>記載の方法。
<19>掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善に使用するためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ。
<20>掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善のためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの非治療的使用。
<21>オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを対象に投与又は適用する、掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善方法。
<22>掻痒性皮膚疾患が、好ましくは蕁麻疹、アトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症(老人性乾皮症、皮脂欠乏性皮膚炎、皮脂欠乏性湿疹を含む)、接触皮膚炎、脂漏性皮膚炎、貨幣状湿疹、乾癬、痒疹、結節性痒疹、慢性痒疹、類天疱瘡、皮膚筋炎であり、より好ましくはアトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症又は結節性痒疹である<18>記載の使用、<19>記載のオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ、<20>記載の非治療的使用、<21>記載の方法。
1.C3a受容体リガンド
マウスTLQP-21(Tocris Bioscience社、配列:TLQPPASSRRRHFHHALPPAR、以下同じ)及びヒトC3aリコンビナントタンパク質(R&D systems社)を使用した。溶媒はHBSS(Gibco社)とした。
C3a受容体拮抗剤(アンタゴニスト)として、既報(Rowley, J. A. et al. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2020;63(2):529-541)に基づいて合成した化合物1(L-アルギニン, N2-[[5-(ジフェニルメチル)-2-チエニル]カルボニル])とオザニモド(Cayman Chemical社)を使用した。下記の評価に際して、化合物1及びオザニモドはDMSOで溶解し、適宜HBSSで希釈した。
以下に従って評価に必要な発現ベクターを導入した、ヒト胎児腎細胞293(Human Embryonic Kidney cells 293:HEK293)を使用した。無血清DMEM培地に対し、ヒトC3a受容体発現ベクター(OriGene社)、GNA16発現ベクター、PEI-MAX(PolyScience社)溶液を順次添加して良く混和させた後に室温で20分間放置し、トランスフェクション溶液を調製した。6ウェル細胞培養プレートに播種したHEK293に、調製したトランスフェクション溶液を添加し、24時間以上培養してHEK293に発現ベクターを導入した。培養後、培地を除去し、PBSで1回洗浄し、0.05%Trypsin/EDTA(Gibco社)で細胞を剥離し、以下のCa2+-flux assayに供した。なお、ヒトGNA16発現ベクターは、米国生物工学情報センターが提供する塩基配列データベース(GenBank)によって参照されるヒトGNA16のcDNA配列(Accession No.M63904.1)と相同な配列を、プラスミドベクターpIRESneo3(Clontech社製)に挿入することで作製した。
BioCoat(登録商標) Poly-D-Lysine 96-well Black Flat Bottom Microplate(CORNING社)に、前記のC3a受容体応答評価用細胞を播種した。C3a受容体刺激時の細胞内Ca2+濃度の測定は、Calcium Kit-Fluo4(DOJINDO社)を用いた。キットのマニュアルに従って調製したLoading bufferを添加し、37℃で1時間静置することでCa2+蛍光指示薬Fluo-4を細胞内へ取り込ませた。HBSSで1回洗浄後、C3a受容体アンタゴニストである化合物1又はオザニモドを溶解したRecording bufferを添加した。尚、コントロール(Control)にはRecording bufferを添加した。15分経過後にC3a受容体リガンド溶液(マウスTLQP-21溶液又はヒトC3aリコンビナントタンパク質溶液)を添加してC3a受容体刺激を行い、刺激に伴うCa2+の流入を細胞内蛍光強度(Ex:480nm、Em:540nm)として経時的に測定し、C3a受容体リガンド溶液に代えてHBSSを添加した測定値(ブランク)を減算した値を測定値とした。尚、化合物1溶液及びオザニモド、マウスTLQP-21、ヒトC3aリコンビナントタンパク質溶液は、蛍光強度測定時の終濃度が、それぞれ1μM及び10μM、1μM、300nMとなるように適宜希釈して濃度を調整して添加した。C3a受容体応答評価用細胞へのC3a受容体アンタゴニスト溶液及びC3a受容体リガンド溶液の添加、並びに蛍光強度の測定は、自動分注機能を備えた蛍光プレートリーダー(FDSS/μCELL、浜松ホトニクス社)を用いて、C3a受容体リガンド溶液添加後3分間経時的に実施した。コントロールにおいて測定された蛍光強度の積分値を100%とした際、オザニモドにおける蛍光強度の積算値(%)を算出した結果を図1に示す。
1.実験動物
動物は雄性C57BL/6Jマウスおよび雄性NC/Ngaマウスを使用した。
乾皮症モデル(AEWモデル):毛刈りしたC57BL/6Jマウス皮膚にアセトンおよびジエチルエーテルの1:1(v/v)混合液を浸み込ませた脱脂綿を当て、15秒間静置した。その後直ちに水を浸み込ませた脱脂綿を30秒間当てた。この処置を2回/日(朝・夕)で7日間繰り返し実施することでAEWモデルマウスを作製した。対照として、水を浸み込ませた脱脂綿のみを30秒当てたコントロールマウスを作製した。各群n=7を本解析に使用した。
マウス頸椎より後根神経節を摘出した。摘出した組織はポリトロンホモジナイザーによりホモジナイズし、QIAGEN社のRNeasy Mini Kitを用いてtotal RNAを精製した。
RNA-seq:AEWモデルマウス及びそのコントロールマウスから精製したtotalRNAを用いた。逆転写にはSuperScript VILO(Thermo fisher scientific社)を使用し、以降の処理は、Thermo fisher scientific社のIon AmpliSeq標準プロトコルに則った。シーケンスはIon S5 systemを使用した。結果を図2に示す。
図2に示すように、AEWモデルにおいて、一定シーケンス量当たりのVgf発現は、コントロールマウスと比較してStudent’s t-testによりp<0.05で、有意に増加していた。
1.実験動物
マウスは雄性C57BL/6Jマウスを使用した。
マウスTLQP-21(Tocris Bioscience社)は15nmol/20μL、30nmol/20μLとなるように調製した。溶媒は生理食塩水とした。これを毛刈りしたC57BL/6Jマウスの後頚部皮内に20μL投与した。注射後のマウスは直ちに掻破行動測定を開始し、開始後30分間の測定値を解析した。
TLQP-21投与後の掻破行動の測定にはMicroAct(ニューロサイエンス社)を使用した。結果を図5に示す。連続した一回の掻き動作の合計値をEventsと表記し、その中の掻き動作回数の合計値をBeatsとして表記した。
1.実験動物
マウスは肥満細胞欠損マウスとしてWBB6F1/Kit-Kit W /Kit W-v 系統、野生型対照マウスとしてWBB6F1+/+系統を使用した。いずれも雄性マウスを使用した。
マウスTLQP-21(Tocris Bioscience社)は20nmol/20μLとなるように調製した。溶媒は生理食塩水とした。これを毛刈りしたWBB6F1/Kit-Kit W /Kit W-v 系統およびWBB6F1+/+系統の後頚部皮内に20μL投与した。注射後のマウスは直ちに掻破行動測定を開始し、開始後30分間の測定値を解析した。
TLQP-21投与後の掻破行動の測定にはMicroAct(ニューロサイエンス社)を使用した。結果を図6に示す。連続した一回の掻き動作の合計値をEventsと表記した。
1.実験動物
7週齢の雌性NC/Ngaマウスを使用した。
ADモデルマウスの作製:頸背部の剃毛を行い、イソフルラン麻酔下でダニアレルゲン配合軟膏:ビオスタAD(ビオスタ社)を頸背部及び耳介部に100mg塗布し、初回感作を行った。1回目のダニアレルゲン配合軟膏塗布から4日後、イソフルラン麻酔下で頸背部及び耳介部に150μLの4%(w/v)SDS水溶液及びダニアレルゲン配合軟膏を100mg塗布した。以後、3~4日に1回の頻度で同様の作業を4回行い、AD様皮膚炎を誘導した。
C3a受容体拮抗剤(アンタゴニスト)として、前記実施例1でC3a受容体拮抗作用が確認された化合物1を使用した。化合物1を20%ポリエチレングリコール400を含む生理食塩水で溶解し、200μLを頸背部に皮下投与した。コントロール群には前記溶媒のみを同量投与した。C3a受容体拮抗剤(アンタゴニスト)溶液の濃度は、0.5mg/mLと設定した。サンプル投与は2回目のダニアレルゲン配合軟膏塗布日から開始し、週3回実施した。
最後のダニアレルゲン配合軟膏塗布から4日後、サンプルの最終投与後に3時間の掻破行動測定を行った。掻破行動の測定にはMicroAct(ニューロサイエンス社)を使用した。結果を図7に示す。
1.実験動物
動物は雄性C57BL/6Jマウスを使用した。
AEWモデルの作製:頸背部の剃毛を行い、アセトンおよびジエチルエーテルの1:1(v/v)混合液を浸み込ませた脱脂綿を当て、15秒間静置した。その後直ちに水を浸み込ませた脱脂綿を30秒間当てた。この処置を2回/日(朝・夕)で7日間繰り返し実施した。
C3a受容体拮抗剤(アンタゴニスト)として、前記実施例1でC3a受容体拮抗作用が確認された化合物1を使用した。化合物1を20%ポリエチレングリコール400を含む生理食塩水で溶解し、200μLを頸背部に皮下投与した。コントロール群には前記溶媒のみを同量投与した。C3a受容体拮抗剤(アンタゴニスト)溶液の濃度は、0.5mg/mLと設定した。サンプル投与は1回目のAEW処置後から開始し、1日1回の頻度で8日間実施した。
最後のAEW処置から16時間後、サンプルの最終投与後に3時間の掻破行動測定を行った。掻破行動の測定にはMicroAct(ニューロサイエンス社)を使用した。結果を図8に示す。
1.実験動物
NC/Ngaマウスにハツカネズミケモチダニ(M.musculi)を寄生させ、自然発症的に皮膚炎を生じさせることでADモデルとした。皮膚炎を発症した14週齢の雄を使用した。1週間の馴化飼育後に頸背部の剃毛と掻破行動の測定を行い、掻破行動回数が均等になるように8匹ずつ2群に群分けを行った。
オザニモド(Selleck Biotech社)を使用した。また、カルボキシメチルセルロース(丸石製薬株式会社)を注射用水で0.5%に調製したものを溶媒として使用した。秤量したオザニモドは、メノウ乳棒を用いて軽く押し潰した後に溶媒滴下と混合を繰り返して懸濁液(3mg/mL)とした。調製は投与当日に行い、投与までの間、常温で保管した。
体重を測定して投与量(10mL/kg)を算出し、マウス用胃ゾンデおよびディスポーザブル注射筒で調製した評価サンプルを経口投与した。
掻破行動の測定にはMicroAct(ニューロサイエンス社)を使用した。掻破行動回数は連続した1回の掻き動作の合計値(Events)とし、測定時間は22時間とした。オザニモド投与日前日(投与前)と投与当日(投与後)に測定を行い、投与前後の掻破行動回数を比較することでオザニモドの止痒効果を評価した。結果を図9に示す。
1.実験動物
毛刈りした雄性C57BL/6Jマウスを使用した。8週齢のC57BL/6Jマウスに、オリーブ油(富士フィルム和光純薬)に溶解したα-イソチオシアネート(α-naphthyl isothiocyanate:ANIT)を、マウス用胃ゾンデおよびディスポーザブル注射筒で1日1回、10日間経口投与した。投与の際は事前に体重測定を行い、25mg/10mL/kgとなるように投与した(ANITモデル)。ANITを連日経口投与したマウスは胆汁うっ滞様症状を呈し、掻破行動が増加することが報告されている(eLife,2019 8:e44116.)。
オザニモド(Selleck Biotech社)を使用した。また、カルボキシメチルセルロース(丸石製薬株式会社)を注射用水で0.5%に調製したものを溶媒として使用した。秤量したオザニモドは、メノウ乳棒を用いて軽く押し潰した後に溶媒滴下と混合を繰り返して懸濁液(3mg/mL)とした。調製は投与当日に行い、投与までの間、常温で保管した。
体重を測定して投与量(10mL/kg)を算出し、マウス用胃ゾンデおよびディスポーザブル注射筒で調製した評価サンプルを経口投与した。
掻破行動の測定にはMicroAct(ニューロサイエンス)を使用した。掻破行動回数は連続した1回の掻き動作の合計値(Events)とし、測定時間は22時間とした。オザニモド投与日前日(投与前)と投与当日(投与後)に測定を行い、投与前後の掻破行動回数を比較することでオザニモドの止痒効果を評価した。結果を図10に示す。
Claims (30)
- オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを有効成分とするC3a受容体拮抗剤。
- オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを有効成分とする痒みの予防又は改善剤。
- 痒みが難治性痒みである請求項2記載の痒みの予防又は改善剤。
- 痒みがアトピー性皮膚炎における痒み、乾皮症における痒み、結節性痒疹における痒み、又は胆汁うっ滞に伴う掻痒症である請求項2又は3記載の痒みの予防又は改善剤。
- オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを有効成分とする掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善剤。
- 掻痒性皮膚疾患がアトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症又は結節性痒疹である請求項5記載の掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善剤。
- C3a受容体拮抗剤を製造するためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの使用。
- 痒みの予防又は改善剤を製造するためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの使用。
- 痒みが難治性痒みである請求項8記載の使用。
- 痒みがアトピー性皮膚炎における痒み、乾皮症における痒み、結節性痒疹における痒み、又は胆汁うっ滞に伴う掻痒症である請求項8又は9記載の使用。
- 掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善剤を製造するためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの使用。
- 掻痒性皮膚疾患がアトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症又は結節性痒疹である請求項11記載の使用。
- C3a受容体拮抗に使用するためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ。
- 痒みの予防又は改善に使用するためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ。
- 痒みが難治性痒みである請求項14記載のオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ。
- 痒みがアトピー性皮膚炎における痒み、乾皮症における痒み、結節性痒疹における痒み、又は胆汁うっ滞に伴う掻痒症である請求項14又は15記載のオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ。
- 掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善に使用するためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ。
- 掻痒性皮膚疾患がアトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症又は結節性痒疹である請求項17記載のオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ。
- C3a受容体拮抗のためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの非治療的使用。
- 痒みの予防又は改善のためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの非治療的使用。
- 痒みが難治性痒みである請求項20記載の非治療的使用。
- 痒みがアトピー性皮膚炎における痒み、乾皮症における痒み、結節性痒疹における痒み、又は胆汁うっ滞に伴う掻痒症である請求項20又は21記載の非治療的使用。
- 掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善のためのオザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグの非治療的使用。
- 掻痒性皮膚疾患がアトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症又は結節性痒疹である請求項23記載の非治療的使用。
- オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを対象に投与又は適用する、C3a受容体拮抗方法。
- オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを対象に投与又は適用する、痒みの予防又は改善方法。
- 痒みが難治性痒みである請求項26記載の方法。
- 痒みがアトピー性皮膚炎における痒み、乾皮症における痒み、結節性痒疹における痒み、又は胆汁うっ滞に伴う掻痒症である請求項26又は27記載の方法。
- オザニモド、その薬学的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグを対象に投与又は適用する、掻痒性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善方法。
- 掻痒性皮膚疾患がアトピー性皮膚炎、乾皮症又は結節性痒疹である請求項29記載の方法。
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| JP2021165267A (ja) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-14 | 塩野義製薬株式会社 | 掻痒治療用医薬 |
-
2023
- 2023-11-29 EP EP23897819.1A patent/EP4628078A1/en active Pending
- 2023-11-29 CN CN202380082686.0A patent/CN120302973A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-29 JP JP2023201502A patent/JP7478894B1/ja active Active
- 2023-11-29 WO PCT/JP2023/042721 patent/WO2024117172A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-30 TW TW112146517A patent/TW202440090A/zh unknown
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024079646A (ja) | 2024-06-11 |
| JP7478894B1 (ja) | 2024-05-07 |
| TW202440090A (zh) | 2024-10-16 |
| EP4628078A1 (en) | 2025-10-08 |
| CN120302973A (zh) | 2025-07-11 |
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