WO2024111490A1 - 含フッ素化合物の製造方法 - Google Patents
含フッ素化合物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024111490A1 WO2024111490A1 PCT/JP2023/041155 JP2023041155W WO2024111490A1 WO 2024111490 A1 WO2024111490 A1 WO 2024111490A1 JP 2023041155 W JP2023041155 W JP 2023041155W WO 2024111490 A1 WO2024111490 A1 WO 2024111490A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B39/00—Halogenation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/28—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/287—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/67—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
- C07C69/708—Ethers
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound.
- Direct fluorination with fluorine gas is known as a method for fluorinating an organic compound having at least one fluorinatable atom (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- direct fluorination with fluorine gas for example, a gas containing fluorine gas is introduced into a composition containing the organic compound inside a reactor. This causes the organic compound to react with the fluorine gas, and the fluorinatable atom in the organic compound is replaced with a fluorine atom.
- a vessel made of a metal such as nickel is usually used as a reactor used in direct fluorination with fluorine gas.
- the fluorine gas introduced for fluorinating the organic compound may react with the inner surface of the reactor, causing corrosion of the reactor and consumption of the fluorine gas, resulting in a decrease in the amount of fluorine gas used for fluorinating the organic compound, and thus a decrease in the fluorination rate.
- the objective of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound with a high fluorination rate in direct fluorination with fluorine gas inside a reactor.
- a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound comprising introducing a gas containing fluorine gas into a composition containing an organic compound having at least one fluorinatable atom inside a reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas, thereby fluorinating the organic compound.
- a mixed gas containing 20 volume % of fluorine gas and 80 volume % of nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.100 MPa and maintained for 5 hours, a difference between the pressure at the time of filling and the pressure after the maintenance is 0.001 MPa or less.
- ⁇ 3> The method for producing a fluorine-containing compound according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the inner surface inactive to fluorine gas contains a metal fluoride.
- the reactor is a container having a metal element on its inner surface, the inner surface of which is made inactive against fluorine gas by filling and retaining a gas containing fluorine gas inside the container.
- ⁇ 5> The method for producing a fluorine-containing compound according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the inner surface inactive to fluorine gas contains a fluorine resin.
- ⁇ 6> The method for producing a fluorine-containing compound according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the reactor has a reactor body containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, aluminum, chromium, iron, silver, titanium, and molybdenum, and a surface layer located on an inner surface of the reactor body and inactive to fluorine gas.
- ⁇ 7> The method for producing a fluorinated compound according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein the composition is liquid at a temperature at which the fluorination is carried out.
- ⁇ 8> The method for producing a fluorine-containing compound according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein the organic compound has a divalent or higher functional group containing at least one of an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom.
- ⁇ 9> The method for producing a fluorine-containing compound according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the organic compound has at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ester bond, an ether bond, an amide bond, a thioether bond, a thioester bond, and a sulfonyl group.
- the present disclosure provides a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound with a high fluorination rate through direct fluorination with fluorine gas inside a reactor.
- a numerical range indicated using “to” means a range that includes the numerical values before and after “to” as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- the upper or lower limit value described in a certain numerical range may be replaced with the upper or lower limit value of another numerical range described in the present disclosure.
- the upper or lower limit value described in a certain numerical range may be replaced with a value shown in the examples.
- combinations of two or more preferred aspects are more preferred aspects.
- the amount of each component means the total amount of multiple substances, unless otherwise specified.
- the compound represented by the formula (X) may be referred to as compound (X).
- a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound includes introducing a gas containing fluorine gas into a composition containing an organic compound having at least one fluorinatable atom inside a reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas, thereby fluorinating the organic compound.
- a gas containing fluorine gas into a composition containing an organic compound having at least one fluorinatable atom inside a reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas, thereby fluorinating the organic compound.
- an organic compound having at least one fluorinable atom is also referred to as a "raw material compound.”
- the fluorine gas when direct fluorination is carried out with fluorine gas inside a metal reactor, the fluorine gas may react with the inner surface of the reactor, which may corrode the reactor and consume the fluorine gas in the reaction with the inner surface of the reactor, resulting in a decrease in the fluorination rate.
- direct fluorination with fluorine gas is carried out inside a reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas, which suppresses corrosion of the reactor and also suppresses consumption of fluorine gas due to reaction with the inner surface of the reactor, resulting in a high fluorination rate.
- a reactor for carrying out direct fluorination with fluorine gas is a "reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas" can be confirmed as follows. Specifically, first, nitrogen gas is blown into the reactor to be confirmed for 1 hour, and then a mixed gas containing 20 volume % of fluorine gas and 80 volume % of nitrogen gas is filled at a pressure of 0.100 MPa and maintained for 5 hours. If the difference between the pressure when the mixed gas is filled, i.e., 0.100 MPa, and the pressure after maintaining for 5 hours is 0.001 MPa or less, the inner surface of the reactor is inert to fluorine gas.
- the difference between the pressure when the mixed gas is filled and the pressure after being held for 5 hours is also referred to as the "pressure change amount.”
- the pressure change of 0.001 MPa or less means that the fluorine gas is not consumed during the 5-hour retention, which means that the inner surface of the reactor is inert to the fluorine gas.
- the pressure after 5 hours of holding is lower than the pressure at the time of filling the mixed gas, and the pressure change amount exceeds 0.001 MPa, it is considered that the fluorine gas reacts with the components on the inner surface of the reactor during the 5 hours of holding, and the fluorine gas is consumed. In other words, it is considered that the inner surface of the reactor is not inert to fluorine gas.
- the reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas is not particularly limited as long as the inner surface is inert to fluorine gas, and examples thereof include a reactor containing a metal fluoride on the inner surface, a reactor containing a fluororesin on the inner surface, and the like.
- the reactor may have a reactor body and a surface layer located on the inner surface of the reactor body and inactive to fluorine gas.
- the reactor having an inner surface inactive to fluorine gas may have a surface layer containing a metal fluoride on the inner surface of the reactor body, or may have a surface layer containing a fluororesin on the inner surface of the reactor body.
- the material of the reactor body is not particularly limited, but is preferably a metal from the viewpoint of being operable under a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions.
- the material of the reactor body may be a pure metal consisting of a single metal element, or an alloy containing two or more elements.
- the reactor body may contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, aluminum, chromium, iron, silver, titanium, and molybdenum.
- a reactor body containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, aluminum, chromium, iron, silver, titanium, and molybdenum when fluorine gas comes into direct contact with the inner surface of the reactor body, the inner surface of the reactor body and the fluorine gas are likely to react with each other.
- the material of the reactor body is preferably nickel or stainless steel from the viewpoints of availability and economy.
- a reactor containing a metal fluoride on the inner surface can be obtained, for example, by filling and retaining a gas containing fluorine gas inside a container containing a metal element on the inner surface.
- the operation of filling and retaining a gas containing fluorine gas inside a container is also referred to as "internal surface fluorination operation".
- the container that has been subjected to the above-mentioned inner surface fluorination operation becomes a container whose inner surface is inert to fluorine gas due to the fluorination of the inner surface. This container is used as a reactor.
- the reactor which is a vessel that has undergone the above-mentioned internal surface fluorination operation, can be, for example, a reactor having a reactor body and a surface layer that is located on the inner surface of the reactor body, contains a metal fluoride, and is inactive to fluorine gas.
- the conditions for the internal fluorination operation are not particularly limited as long as the conditions are such that the inner surface of the resulting reactor is inert to fluorine gas.
- the gas used in the internal fluorination operation should contain at least fluorine gas.
- the gas may consist of fluorine gas or may contain gases other than fluorine gas.
- gases other than fluorine gas include inert gases such as nitrogen gas, helium gas, neon gas, and argon gas, with nitrogen gas or helium gas being preferred, and nitrogen gas being preferred from the viewpoint of keeping costs low.
- the concentration of fluorine gas in the gas used in the internal fluorination operation is preferably 10% by volume or more, more preferably 15% by volume or more, and even more preferably 20% by volume or more, from the viewpoint of obtaining a reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas.
- the concentration of fluorine gas in the gas used in the internal fluorination operation is preferably 60% by volume or less, more preferably 50% by volume or less, and even more preferably 40% by volume or less, from the viewpoint of excellent safety. From the above viewpoint, the concentration of fluorine gas in the gas used in the internal fluorination operation is preferably 10 to 60% by volume, more preferably 15 to 50% by volume, and even more preferably 20 to 40% by volume.
- the pressure during gas filling in the internal fluorination operation is preferably 0.001 MPa or more, more preferably 0.010 MPa or more, from the viewpoint of obtaining a reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas.
- the pressure during gas filling in the internal fluorination operation is preferably 1.000 MPa or less, more preferably 0.200 MPa or less, from the viewpoint of excellent safety. From the above viewpoint, the pressure during gas filling in the internal fluorination operation is preferably 0.001 to 1.000 MPa, more preferably 0.010 to 0.200 MPa.
- the gas retention time in the internal fluorination operation is preferably 30 minutes or more, more preferably 1 hour or more, from the viewpoint of obtaining a reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas.
- the upper limit of the gas retention time in the internal fluorination operation is not particularly limited.
- the gas retention time in the internal fluorination operation may be 72 hours or less, may be 50 hours or less, or may be 10 hours or less.
- the gas retention time in the internal fluorination operation is preferably 30 minutes to 72 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 50 hours or less, and even more preferably 1 hour to 10 hours.
- the "container containing a metal element on its inner surface” before the inner surface fluorination operation may be a container which is the reactor body itself, or a container in which a surface layer is formed on the inner surface of the reactor body.
- the surface layer may be a layer made of the same material as the reactor body, or may be a layer made of a different material from the reactor body. Examples of the surface layer include a layer made of a metal element not contained in the reactor body alone, and a layer made of an alloy containing a metal element not contained in the reactor body. Specific examples of the material of the surface layer include nickel and titanium.
- the inner surface fluorination operation is performed on the vessel which is the reactor body itself, a part of the inner surface of the reactor body is fluorinated to form a surface layer which contains metal fluorides and is inactive to fluorine gas. Therefore, the surface layer which is inactive to fluorine gas contains metal fluorides which are fluorinated versions of the metal elements contained in the reactor body.
- the surface layer that is inactive to fluorine gas contains metal fluorides that are fluorinated versions of the metal elements contained in the surface layer before the internal fluorination operation.
- the metal fluoride contained in the surface layer that is inactive to fluorine gas may be the same metal element that is fluorinated as the metal element contained in the reactor body, or it may be a different metal element that is fluorinated.
- the metal fluoride includes a fluoride of at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, aluminum, chromium, iron, silver, titanium, and molybdenum.
- the surface layer containing metal fluorides which are fluorides of these metal elements, may peel off, for example, when it comes into contact with moisture in the air. Therefore, when fluorinating the raw material compound using a reactor containing metal fluorides on the inner surface, it is preferable to fluorinate the raw material compound without contacting the inner surface of the reactor with a gas containing moisture after the above-mentioned inner surface fluorination operation. For example, it is preferable to carry out the above-mentioned inner surface fluorination operation and the fluorination of the raw material compound as a series of operations.
- a reactor containing a fluororesin on its inner surface can be obtained, for example, by forming a surface layer containing a fluororesin on the inner surface of a reactor body. That is, a reactor having a reactor body and a surface layer that is located on the inner surface of the reactor body, contains a fluororesin, and is inactive to fluorine gas can be obtained.
- the reactor body may be the same as the reactor body in the above-mentioned reactor containing a metal fluoride on its inner surface.
- fluororesin examples include tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer (PFA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the composition to be charged into a reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas is not particularly limited as long as it contains a raw material compound, and may be in any of a liquid, gas or solid state at the temperature at which the raw material compound is fluorinated. From the viewpoint of improving the yield of the fluorine-containing compound, the composition is preferably liquid at the temperature at which the raw material compound is fluorinated.
- the composition contains at least a raw material compound that is an organic compound having at least one fluorinatable atom, and may further contain a solvent, other additives, and the like, as necessary.
- the raw material compound is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic compound having at least one fluorinable atom.
- the atom that can be fluorinated include a hydrogen atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the raw material compound may have only one fluorinable atom or may have two or more fluorinable atoms.
- the number of fluorinable atoms contained in one molecule of the raw material compound is, for example, 1 to 1,000, preferably 1 to 500, and more preferably 1 to 100.
- the raw material compound is preferably a compound having a divalent or higher functional group containing at least one of an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom.
- a divalent or higher functional group containing at least one of an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom is also referred to as a "specific functional group.”
- the specific functional group is a divalent or higher functional group containing at least one of an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom, preferably a divalent functional group containing at least one of an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom, and more preferably a divalent functional group containing an oxygen atom.
- Examples of the specific functional group include an ester bond, an ether bond, an amide bond, a thioether bond, a thioester bond, a sulfonyl group, etc.
- Examples of the specific functional group include a carbonyl group other than an ester bond and an amide bond, an imide bond, etc.
- the raw material compound is preferably a compound having, as a specific functional group, at least one selected from the group consisting of an ester bond, an ether bond, an amide bond, a thioether bond, a thioester bond, and a sulfonyl group, more preferably a compound having at least one of an ester bond and an ether bond, further preferably a compound having an ester bond, and particularly preferably a compound having both an ester bond and an ether bond.
- the fluorination reaction is carried out inside a reactor having an inner surface inert to fluorine gas, so that even if a compound having an ester bond and a fluorinatable atom is bonded to a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom of the ester bond is used as a raw material compound, a high fluorination rate can be obtained in direct fluorination with fluorine gas.
- the raw material compound may be a compound having an ester bond as a specific functional group and a fluorinable atom bonded to a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom of the ester bond.
- the raw material compound may be a compound having an ester bond and an ether bond as specific functional groups and a fluorinable atom bonded to a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom of the ester bond.
- the number average molecular weight of the raw material compound is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 100 to 100,000. From the viewpoint of excellent solubility in a solvent described later, it is preferably 100 to 20,000, more preferably 300 to 10,000, and even more preferably 400 to 6,000.
- the number average molecular weight of the raw material compound is the number average value of the molecular weight of each molecule calculated from the molecular structure identified by 1 H-NMR and 19 F-NMR.
- Examples of the raw material compound include a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (2).
- R A1 -O-(C O)-R B1 ...
- R A1 , R B1 , R B2 , and R B3 each independently represent a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or a halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group;
- R A2 is a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a halogeno divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or a halogeno (heteroatom-containing divalent saturated hydrocarbon) group.
- a "monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group” may be any of a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, and a cycloalkyl group.
- a “divalent saturated hydrocarbon group” may be any of a linear alkylene group, a branched alkylene group, and a cycloalkylene group.
- the linear alkyl group, the branched alkyl group, the linear alkylene group, and the branched alkylene group may contain an alicyclic structure.
- halogeno means that one or more hydrogen atoms present in the group are replaced with at least one halogen atom selected from a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Hydrogen atoms may or may not be present in the group.
- halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms present in a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group have been replaced by a halogen atom.
- halogeno divalent saturated hydrocarbon group refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms present in a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group have been replaced by a halogen atom.
- heteroatom means an atom other than a carbon atom or a hydrogen atom, and examples include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- a heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group refers to a group in which a divalent heteroatom or a divalent group containing a heteroatom is contained in a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group.
- a “heteroatom-containing divalent saturated hydrocarbon group” refers to a group in which a divalent heteroatom or a divalent group containing a heteroatom is contained in a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group.
- divalent heteroatoms include -O- and -S-.
- halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group have been replaced with a halogen atom.
- halogeno (heteroatom-containing divalent saturated hydrocarbon) group refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the heteroatom-containing divalent saturated hydrocarbon group have been replaced with a halogen atom.
- R A1 and R B1 contains a hydrogen atom.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of R A2 , R B2 , and R B3 contains a hydrogen atom.
- R A1 represents a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or a halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group.
- Examples of the monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R A1 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- the halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R A1 is preferably a halogenoalkyl group.
- the halogen atom contained in the halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group is preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom.
- the heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R A1 is preferably a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group containing an ethereal oxygen atom (that is, --O--), and more preferably an alkyl group containing an ethereal oxygen atom.
- the halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group represented by R A1 is preferably a halogeno (heteroatom-containing alkyl group).
- the halogen atom contained in the halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group is preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom.
- the halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group is preferably a halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group containing an ethereal oxygen atom, and more preferably a halogenoalkyl group containing an ethereal oxygen atom.
- the carbon number of R A1 is preferably 1 to 200, and more preferably 3 to 100, from the viewpoint of excellent solubility in a solvent described later.
- R A1 is preferably represented by the following formula (A1):
- R A1 preferably further has an ether bond, and more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyether chain and a fluoropolyether chain.
- R 11 is an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom
- R 12 is each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- R 13 is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- m1 is an integer from 0 to 500.
- examples of R 11 include an alkyl group and a fluoroalkyl group.
- the carbon number of R 11 is preferably 1 to 100, more preferably 1 to 50, even more preferably 1 to 10, and particularly preferably 1 to 6, from the viewpoint of excellent solubility in a solvent described later.
- the alkyl group represented by R 11 may be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, or an alkyl group having a ring structure.
- the fluoroalkyl group represented by R 11 may be a straight-chain fluoroalkyl group, a branched-chain fluoroalkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group having a ring structure.
- R 11 is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably a linear alkyl group, and even more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- -(R 12 O) m1 - is preferably represented by the following formula (A2). -[(R f1 O) k1 (R f2 O) k2 (R f3 O) k3 (R f4 O) k4 (R f5 O) k5 (R f6 O) k6 ]- ...
- R f1 is an alkylene group having 1 carbon atom which may have a fluorine atom
- R f2 is an alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- R f3 is an alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- R f4 is an alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- R f5 is an alkylene group having 5 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- R f6 is an alkylene group having 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom.
- k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, and k6 each independently represent an integer of 0 or 1 or more
- k1+k2+k3+k4+k5+k6 is an integer of 0 to 500.
- k1+k2+k3+k4+k5+k6 is preferably an integer from 1 to 500, more preferably an integer from 1 to 300, even more preferably an integer from 5 to 200, and particularly preferably an integer from 10 to 150.
- the bonding order of (R f1 O) to (R f6 O) in formula (A2) is arbitrary.
- k1 to k6 in formula (A2) respectively represent the number of (R f1 O) to (R f6 O), and do not represent the arrangement.
- (R f5 O) k5 represents that the number of (R f5 O) is k5, and does not represent a block arrangement structure of (R f5 O) k5 .
- the order of (R f1 O) to (R f6 O) does not represent the bonding order of each unit.
- the alkylene group which may have a fluorine atom may be a linear alkylene group, a branched alkylene group, or an alkylene group having a ring structure.
- R f1 examples include —CH 2 —, —CF 2 —, and —CHF—.
- R f2 examples include -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CF 2 CF 2 -, -CF 2 CHF-, -CHFCF 2 -, -CHFCHF-, -CH 2 CF 2 -, and -CH 2 CHF-.
- R f3 include -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CF 2 CHFCF 2 -, -CF 2 CH 2 CF 2 -, -CHFCF 2 CF 2 -, -CHFCHFCF 2 -, -CHFCHFCHF-, -CHFCH 2 CF 2 -, -CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CH 2 CHFCF 2 - , -CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 -, -CH 2 CF 2 CHF-, -CH 2 CHFCHF-, -CH 2 CH 2 CHF- , -CF(CF 3 )-CF 2 -, -CF(CHF 2 )-CF 2 -, -CF(CH 2F ) -CF2- , -CF( CH3 ) -CF2- , -CF(CF(CF3)-CHF-, -CF( CHF2 )-CHF-, -CF ( CH2
- R f4 include -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CHF-, -CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, -CF 2 CHFCF 2 CF 2 -, -CHFCHFCF 2 CF 2 -, -CH 2 CHFCF 2 CF 2 -, -CF 2 CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CHFCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CHFCF 2 CHFCF 2 -, -CH 2 CF 2 CHFCF 2 - , -CF Examples of such alkyl groups include 2CHFCHFCF2- , -CHFCHFCHFCF2- , -CH2CHFCHFCF2- , -CF2CH2CHFCF2- , -CHFCH2CHFCF2- , -CH2CH2CHFCF2- , -CH
- R f5 examples include -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CHFCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CH 2 CHFCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CF 2 CHFCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 - , -CHFCHFCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CF 2 CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CHFCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CF 2 CF 2 CHFCF 2
- alkyl groups examples include -CF 2 -, -CHFCF 2 CHFCF 2 CF 2 -, -CH 2 CF 2 CHFCF 2 CF 2 -, -CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 -, and
- R f6 include -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 - , -CF 2 CF 2 CHFCHFCF 2 CF 2 -, -CHFCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 -, -CHFCFCHFCHFCHFCHFCHF-, -CHFCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 - , -CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 - , and -cycloC 6 F 10 -.
- -cycloC 4 F 6 - means a perfluorocyclobutanediyl group, a specific example of which is a perfluorocyclobutane-1,2-diyl group
- -cycloC 5 F 8 - means a perfluorocyclopentanediyl group, a specific example of which is a perfluorocyclopentane-1,3-diyl group
- -cycloC 6 F 10 - means a perfluorocyclohexanediyl group, a specific example of which is a perfluorocyclohexane-1,4-diyl group.
- —(R 12 O) m1 — preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulas (F1) to (F3), and more preferably contains a structure represented by formula (F2). -(R f1 O) k1 -(R f2 O) k2 - ... (F1) -(R f2 O) k2 -(R f4 O) k4 - ... (F2) -(R f3 O) k3 - ... (F3)
- the symbols in formulas (F1) to (F3) are the same as those in formula (A2) above.
- the bonding order of (R f1 O) and (R f2 O), and (R f2 O) and (R f4 O) are each arbitrary.
- (R f1 O) and (R f2 O) may be arranged alternately, (R f1 O) and (R f2 O) may be arranged in blocks, or may be arranged randomly.
- k1 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- k2 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- k2 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- k4 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- k3 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- examples of R 13 include the same as R f1 to R f6 above.
- R 13 is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom.
- R A1 include the following structures: * represents a bonding site with --O--, n1 represents an integer of 0 to 60, and n2 represents an integer of 0 to 200.
- R B1 is a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or a halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group.
- Examples of the monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R B1 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- the halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R B1 is preferably a halogenoalkyl group.
- the halogen atom contained in the halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group is preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom.
- the heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group represented by R is preferably a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group containing an ethereal oxygen atom (i.e., -O-), and more preferably an alkyl group containing an ethereal oxygen atom.
- R preferably further has an ether bond.
- the halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group represented by R B1 is preferably a halogeno (heteroatom-containing alkyl group).
- the halogen atom contained in the halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group is preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom.
- the halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group is preferably a halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group containing an ethereal oxygen atom, and more preferably a halogenoalkyl group containing an ethereal oxygen atom.
- the carbon number of R B1 is preferably 1 to 100, more preferably 2 to 50, and even more preferably 3 to 20, from the viewpoint of excellent solubility in a solvent described later.
- R B1 preferably contains at least one fluorine atom and preferably does not contain a hydrogen atom.
- R B1 is preferably represented by the following formula (B1). R21O- ( R22O ) m2 - R23 -... (B1)
- R 21 is an alkyl group which may have a fluorine atom
- R 22 is each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- R 23 is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- m2 is an integer of 0 to 20.
- examples of R 21 include an alkyl group and a fluoroalkyl group.
- the carbon number of R 21 is preferably 1 to 50, more preferably 1 to 10, and even more preferably 1 to 6, from the viewpoint of excellent solubility in a solvent described later.
- the alkyl group represented by R21 may be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, or an alkyl group having a ring structure.
- the fluoroalkyl group represented by R 21 may be a straight-chain fluoroalkyl group, a branched-chain fluoroalkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group having a ring structure.
- R 21 is preferably a fluoroalkyl group, more preferably a linear fluoroalkyl group, still more preferably a linear fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- m2 is preferably 0 to 15, more preferably 0 to 10, even more preferably 0 to 4, and particularly preferably 0 to 2.
- examples of R 23 include the same as R f1 to R f6 above.
- R 23 is preferably a fluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R A2 is a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a halogeno divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or a halogeno (heteroatom-containing divalent saturated hydrocarbon) group.
- Examples of the divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, halogeno divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, heteroatom-containing divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or halogeno (heteroatom-containing divalent saturated hydrocarbon) group represented by R include groups in which one hydrogen atom or one halogen atom has been removed from the monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group represented by R in formula ( 1).
- the carbon number of R A2 is preferably 1 to 200, and more preferably 3 to 100, from the viewpoint of excellent solubility in a solvent described later.
- R A2 is preferably represented by the following formula (A5):
- R A2 preferably further has an ether bond, and more preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyether chain and a fluoropolyether chain.
- R 31 and R 33 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- R 32 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a fluorine atom
- m5 is an integer of 0 to 500.
- R 31 and R 33 each independently have the same meaning as R 13 in formula (A1).
- examples of -(R 32 O) m5 - include the same as -(R 12 O) m1 - in formula (A1).
- R A2 include the following structures: * represents a bonding site with —O—, and n2 represents an integer of 0 to 200.
- R B2 and R B3 each independently represent a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, a heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or a halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group.
- Examples of the monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group represented by R or R include groups similar to the monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, halogeno monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or halogeno (heteroatom-containing monovalent saturated hydrocarbon) group represented by R in formula (1).
- An example of a raw material compound is the following compound (T1).
- the content of the raw material compounds contained in the composition is preferably 1 to 100 mass% relative to the entire composition, more preferably 3 to 100 mass%, particularly preferably 3 to 70 mass%, and extremely preferably 3 to 50 mass%.
- the composition may contain a solvent as necessary.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the raw material compounds.
- the solvent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a chlorine-containing solvent and a fluorine-containing solvent other than a chlorine-containing solvent, and more preferably contains a chlorine-containing solvent.
- the chlorine-containing solvent is a solvent that contains chlorine atoms.
- the chlorine-containing solvent preferably contains fluorine atoms in addition to chlorine atoms.
- chlorine-containing solvents examples include CClF 2 CClFCF 2 OCF 2 CClF 2 (CFE-419), CH 2 ClCHClCH 2 OCF 2 CHFCl (HCFE-473), CF 2 ClCFClCHFOCF 2 CF 2 Cl (HCFE-428a, b), CFHClCFClCF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 Cl (HCFE-428c, d), CF 2 ClCHClCF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 Cl (HCFE-428e), 1,2,3,4-tetrachloroperfluorobutane (R-113), CF 2 Cl-CFCl-CFCl-O-CF 2 -CF 2 Cl (CFE-418), CClHFCClFCHFOCF 2 CClF 2 (HCFE-437a, b), CClF 2 CClHCHFOCF 2 CClF 2 (HCFE-437c), CClHFCClFCH 2 OCF 2 CClF 2 (HCFE-446a), CF
- fluorine-containing solvents other than chlorine-containing solvents include perfluoroalkanes (FC-72, etc.), perfluoroethers (FC-75, FC-77, etc.), perfluoropolyethers (trade names: Krytox, Fomblin, Galden, Demnum, etc.), inert fluids (trade name: Fluorinert), and perfluorocarboxylic acid fluorides.
- the boiling point of the solvent is preferably from 10 to 500°C, more preferably from 30 to 250°C, and even more preferably from 50 to 150°C, from the viewpoint of improving the yield of the fluorine-containing compound.
- the solvent preferably has 4 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 1,000, even more preferably 4 to 500, particularly preferably 4 to 100, and most preferably 4 to 50, from the viewpoint of improving the yield of the fluorine-containing compound.
- the molecular weight of the solvent is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 200 to 50,000, even more preferably 200 to 25,000, particularly preferably 200 to 10,000, and most preferably 200 to 1,000.
- the molecular weight When the molecular weight has a distribution, the molecular weight represents the mass average molecular weight (Mw). Mw is measured in terms of polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as an eluent.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the composition may contain other additives as necessary, such as an auxiliary agent for promoting the fluorination of the raw material compound.
- the auxiliary include a C-H bond-containing compound and a carbon-carbon double bond-containing compound other than the raw material compound.
- the C-H bond-containing compound include benzene and toluene.
- the carbon-carbon double bond-containing compound include hexafluoropropylene and hexafluorobutadiene.
- the auxiliary is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene or toluene.
- the gas introduced into the composition should contain at least fluorine gas.
- the gas may consist of fluorine gas or may contain a gas other than fluorine gas.
- gases other than fluorine gas include inert gases such as nitrogen gas, helium gas, neon gas, and argon gas, with nitrogen gas or helium gas being preferred, and nitrogen gas being preferred from the viewpoint of keeping costs low.
- the content of fluorine gas in the entire gas is preferably 10% by volume or more, more preferably 15% by volume or more, and even more preferably 20% by volume or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of excellent safety, the content of fluorine gas in the entire gas is preferably 60% by volume or less, more preferably 50% by volume or less, and even more preferably 40% by volume or less. From the above viewpoints, the content of fluorine gas in the entire gas is preferably 10 to 60% by volume, more preferably 15 to 50% by volume, and even more preferably 20 to 40% by volume.
- the reaction temperature in the fluorination of the raw material compound is, for example, in the range of -60°C or higher and the boiling point of the raw material compound or lower, and may be in the range of -50 to 100°C, or in the range of -20 to 50°C.
- the pressure in the fluorination of the raw material compound is, for example, 0 to 2 MPa.
- the fluorination of the raw material compound may be carried out in a batch manner or in a continuous manner.
- the residence time of a composition containing a raw material compound and into which fluorine gas has been introduced in a reactor in which the raw material compound is fluorinated is, from the viewpoint of increasing the fluorination rate, preferably 200 hours or less, more preferably 190 hours or less, even more preferably 170 hours or less, particularly preferably 150 hours or less, and extremely preferably 100 hours or less.
- the residence time of the composition in the reactor is also referred to as the "residence time".
- the residence time is preferably 0.3 hours or more, more preferably 0.6 hours or more, even more preferably 1 hour or more, particularly preferably 2 hours or more, and extremely preferably 3 hours or more.
- the residence time is preferably 0.3 to 200 hours, more preferably 0.6 to 200 hours, even more preferably 1 to 200 hours, particularly preferably 1 to 190 hours, even more preferably 1 to 170 hours, extremely preferably 2 to 150 hours, and most preferably 3 to 100 hours.
- the residence time is calculated from the flow rate of the composition and the volume of the reactor when the fluorination of the raw material compound is carried out in a continuous manner.
- the residence time may be adjusted by the flow rate of the composition and the length of the reactor in the flow direction when the fluorination of the raw material compound is carried out in a continuous manner.
- the fluorination rate in the fluorination of the raw material compound is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, even more preferably 87% or more, and particularly preferably 100%.
- the fluorination rate is determined as follows. Specifically, the reaction product is subjected to NMR measurement using an internal standard substance, and the fluorination rate is calculated by the following formula, assuming that the reaction product is a compound in which fluorinatable atoms are completely fluorinated.
- Fluorination rate (%) ⁇ 1 - (number of fluorinable atoms per molecule of reaction product) / (number of fluorinable atoms per molecule of raw material compound) ⁇ x 100
- the fluorine-containing compound obtained by fluorinating a raw material compound is a compound in which at least one fluorinatable atom of the raw material compound is replaced with a fluorine atom.
- the fluorine-containing compound is preferably a compound in which all fluorinatable atoms of the raw material compound are replaced with fluorine atoms.
- the fluorine-containing compound is preferably a compound represented by formula (3) below.
- the fluorine-containing compound is preferably a compound represented by formula (4) below.
- R AF1 , R BF1 , R AF2 , R BF2 , and R BF3 are groups corresponding to R A1 , R B1 , R A2 , R B2 , and R B3 , respectively; when R A1 , R B1 , R A2 , R B2 and R B3 are each independently a group not containing a hydrogen atom, R AF1 , R BF1 , R AF2 , R BF2 and R BF3 are the same group as R A1 , R B1 , R A2 , R B2 and R B3 ; When R A1 , R B1 , R A2 , R B2 , and R B3 are each independently a group containing a hydrogen atom, R AF1 , R BF1 , R AF2 , R BF2 , and R BF3 are groups in which all hydrogen atoms present in R A1 , R B1 , R B1 , R A2
- R AF1 is a group corresponding to R A1 .
- R AF1 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms present in R A1 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R AF1 is the same group as R A1 .
- R AF1 is preferably represented by the following formula (A3).
- A3 R14O- ( R15O ) m3 - R16- ... (A3)
- R 14 is a perfluoroalkyl group
- R 15 is each independently a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 16 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- m3 is an integer of 0 to 500.
- R 14 corresponds to R 11 in formula (A1).
- R 14 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms contained in R 11 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 14 is the same as R 11 .
- -(R 15 O) m3 - corresponds to -(R 12 O) m1 - in formula (A1).
- R 15 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms contained in R 12 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 15 is the same as R 12 .
- —(R 15 O) m3 — is preferably represented by the following formula (A4). -[(R ff1 O) k7 (R ff2 O) k8 (R ff3 O) k9 (R ff4 O) k10 (R ff5 O) k11 (R ff6 O) k12 ]- ...
- R ff1 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 carbon atom
- R ff2 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 2 carbon atoms
- R ff3 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 3 carbon atoms
- R ff4 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 4 carbon atoms
- R ff5 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 5 carbon atoms
- R ff6 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 6 carbon atoms.
- k7, k8, k9, k10, k11, and k12 each independently represent an integer of 0 or 1 or more, and k7+k8+k9+k10+k11+k12 is an integer of 0 to 500.
- R ff1 to R ff6 correspond to R f1 to R f6 in formula (A2).
- R ff1 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms contained in R f1 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R ff1 is the same as R f1 .
- R ff2 to R ff6 is the same as R ff2 .
- k7+k8+k9+k10+k11+k12 is preferably an integer from 1 to 500, more preferably an integer from 1 to 300, even more preferably an integer from 5 to 200, and particularly preferably an integer from 10 to 150.
- —(R 15 O) m3 — preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulae (G1) to (G3), and more preferably contains a structure represented by formula (G2). -(R ff1 O) k7 -(R ff2 O) k8 - ... (G1) -(R ff2 O) k8 -(R ff4 O) k10 - ... (G2) -(R ff3 O) k9 - ... (G3)
- the symbols in formulas (G1) to (G3) are the same as those in formula (A4) above.
- the bonding order of ( Rff1O ) and ( Rff2O ), and ( Rff2O ) and ( Rff4O ) are each arbitrary.
- ( Rff1O ) and ( Rff2O ) may be arranged alternately, ( Rff1O ) and ( Rff2O ) may be arranged in blocks, or may be arranged randomly.
- k7 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- k8 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- k8 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- k10 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- k9 is preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 20.
- R 16 corresponds to R 13 in formula (A1).
- R 16 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms contained in R 13 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 16 is the same as R 13 .
- R 16 examples include the same as R ff1 to R ff6 above.
- R 16 is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- m3 corresponds to m1 in formula (A1). m3 is the same as m1.
- R AF1 include the following structures: * represents a bonding site with --O--, n1 represents an integer of 0 to 60, and n2 represents an integer of 0 to 200.
- R BF1 is a group corresponding to R B1 .
- R BF1 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms present in R B1 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R BF1 is the same group as R B1 .
- R BF1 is preferably represented by the following formula (B2).
- R 24 is a perfluoroalkyl group
- R 25 is each independently a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 26 is a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- m4 is an integer of 0 to 20.
- R 24 corresponds to R 21 in formula (B1).
- R 24 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms contained in R 21 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 24 is the same as R 21 .
- -(R 25 O) m4 - corresponds to -(R 22 O) m2 - in formula (B1).
- R 25 is a group in which all of the hydrogen atoms contained in R 22 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 25 is the same as R 22 .
- R 26 corresponds to R 23 in formula (B1).
- R 26 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms contained in R 23 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 26 is the same as R 23 .
- m4 corresponds to m2 in formula (B1). m4 is the same as m2.
- R AF2 is a group corresponding to R A2 .
- R AF2 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms present in R A2 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R AF2 is the same group as R A2 .
- R AF2 is preferably represented by the following formula (A6): That is, R AF2 preferably further has an ether bond. -R34O- ( R35O ) m6 - R36- ... (A6)
- R 34 and R 36 are each independently a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 35 are each independently a perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and m6 is an integer of 0 to 500.
- R 34 and R 36 correspond to R 31 and R 33 in formula (A5), respectively.
- R 34 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms contained in R 31 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 34 is the same as R 31.
- R 33 contains a hydrogen atom
- R 36 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms contained in R 33 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 33 does not contain a hydrogen atom
- R 36 is the same as R 34 .
- -(R 35 O) m6 - corresponds to -(R 32 O) m5 - in formula (A5).
- R 35 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms contained in R 32 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 35 is the same as R 32 .
- R 34 and R 36 each independently have the same meaning as R 31 and R 33 in formula (A5).
- examples of -(R 35 O) m6 - include the same as -(R 32 O) m5 - in formula (A5).
- R AF2 include the following structures: * represents a bonding site with --O--, and n2 represents an integer of 0 to 200.
- R 3 BF2 and R 3 BF3 are groups corresponding to R 3 B2 and R 3 B3 , respectively.
- R BF2 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms present in R B2 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R BF2 is the same group as R B2 .
- R BF3 is a group in which all hydrogen atoms present in R B3 are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R BF3 is the same group as R B3 .
- Examples of the group represented by R 3 BF2 or R 3 BF3 include the same groups as the group represented by R 3 BF1 in formula (3).
- the number average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing compound is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, from 100 to 101,000. From the viewpoint of excellent solubility in solvents, it is preferably from 100 to 21,000, more preferably from 300 to 11,000, and even more preferably from 400 to 7,000.
- the number average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing compound is the number average value of the molecular weight of each molecule calculated from the molecular structure identified by 1 H-NMR and 19 F-NMR.
- Example 1 to 4 are working examples, and Example 4 is a comparative example.
- Example 1 (Internal fluorination operation) Nitrogen gas was blown into a 500 mL SUS316 autoclave for 1 hour, and then the pressure inside the autoclave was increased to 0.100 MPa with fluorine gas diluted to 20 volume % with nitrogen gas (also referred to as "20 volume % fluorine gas”) and then maintained for 5 hours to perform an internal fluorination operation, and this was used as a reactor. Thereafter, the 20% by volume fluorine gas in the reactor was removed, and nitrogen gas was blown into the reactor for 2 hours.
- fluorine gas diluted to 20 volume % with nitrogen gas also referred to as "20 volume % fluorine gas”
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated, except that a 500 mL Ni autoclave was used instead of the SUS316 autoclave. The product was quantitatively analyzed by 19 F-NMR, and the fluorination rate was found to be 89%.
- Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated, except that a 500 mL SUS316 autoclave lined with PFA resin was used instead of the SUS316 autoclave, and the internal fluorination procedure was not carried out. The product was quantitatively analyzed by 19 F-NMR, and the fluorination rate was found to be 87%.
- Example 4 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out, except that a 500 mL SUS316 autoclave was used in the test without carrying out the internal fluorination procedure. The product was quantitatively analyzed by 19 F-NMR, and the fluorination rate was found to be 75%.
- the material of the reactor body, the components contained in the surface layer on the inner surface of the reactor, and the fluorination rate for Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1.
- "-" indicates that no surface layer is provided on the inner surface of the reactor.
- Examples 1 to 3 have a higher fluorination rate than Example 4. It is believed that Examples 1 to 3 have a higher corrosion resistance of the reactor than Example 4, which is why the high fluorination rate was achieved.
- the disclosed method for producing a fluorine-containing compound can produce a fluorine-containing compound with a high fluorination rate.
- the obtained fluorine-containing compound can be derived into a fluorine-containing compound having various functional groups (e.g., a hydroxyl group, an ethylenically unsaturated group, an epoxy group, a carboxy group, etc.).
- the obtained fluorine-containing compound and fluorine-containing compounds that can be derived from the fluorine-containing compound can be used as a surface treatment agent, an emulsifier, rubber, a surfactant, a solvent, a heat transfer medium, a pharmaceutical, an agricultural chemical, a lubricant, intermediates thereof, etc.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、上記反応器の内部でフッ素ガスによる直接フッ素化を行うと、有機化合物をフッ素化するために導入したフッ素ガスが反応器の内表面と反応することがある。フッ素ガスと反応器の内表面とが反応すると、反応器が腐食するとともに、フッ素ガスが消費され、有機化合物のフッ素化に用いられるフッ素ガスの量が少なくなり、フッ素化率が低くなることがある。
<1>
フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器の内部において、フッ素化可能な原子を少なくとも1つ有する有機化合物を含有する組成物に、フッ素ガスを含有する気体を導入することで、前記有機化合物をフッ素化することを含む、含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
<2>
前記反応器は、20体積%のフッ素ガス及び80体積%の窒素ガスを含有する混合ガスを圧力0.100MPaで充填して5時間保持したとき、前記充填時の圧力と前記保持後の圧力との差が0.001MPa以下である、<1>に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
<3>
前記フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面は、金属フッ化物を含有する、<1>又は<2>に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
<4>
前記反応器は、フッ素ガスを含有する気体を、内表面に金属元素を有する容器の内部に充填して保持することで、内表面をフッ素ガスに対して不活性とした前記容器である、<3>に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
<5>
前記フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面は、フッ素樹脂を含有する、<1>又は<2>に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
<6>
前記反応器は、ニッケル、銅、アルミニウム、クロム、鉄、銀、チタン、及びモリブデンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有する反応器本体と、前記反応器本体の内表面に位置しフッ素ガスに不活性な表面層と、を有する、<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
<7>
前記組成物は、前記フッ素化を実施する温度において液体である、<1>~<6>のいずれか1つに記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
<8>
前記有機化合物は、酸素原子及び硫黄原子の少なくとも一方を含有する2価以上の官能基を有する、<1>~<7>のいずれか1つに記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
<9>
前記有機化合物は、エステル結合、エーテル結合、アミド結合、チオエーテル結合、チオエステル結合、及びスルホニル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを有する、<1>~<8>のいずれか1つに記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
本開示に段階的に記載されている数値範囲において、ある数値範囲で記載された上限値又は下限値は、他の段階的な記載の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値に置き換えてもよい。また、本開示に記載されている数値範囲において、ある数値範囲で記載された上限値又は下限値は、実施例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。
本開示において、2以上の好ましい態様の組み合わせは、より好ましい態様である。
本開示において、各成分の量は、各成分に該当する物質が複数種存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、複数種の物質の合計量を意味する。
本開示において、化合物が特定の式(X)で表される場合、当該式(X)で表される化合物を化合物(X)と記すことがある。
本開示の一実施形態に係る含フッ素化合物の製造方法は、フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器の内部において、フッ素化可能な原子を少なくとも1つ有する有機化合物を含有する組成物に、フッ素ガスを含有する気体を導入することで、前記有機化合物をフッ素化することを含む。
以下、フッ素化可能な原子を少なくとも1つ有する有機化合物を「原料化合物」ともいう。
これに対して、上記製造方法では、フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器の内部でフッ素ガスによる直接フッ素化を行う。そのため、反応器の腐食が抑制され、かつ、反応器の内表面との反応によるフッ素ガスの消費も抑制されるため、フッ素化率が高くなる。
具体的には、まず、確認対象の反応器の内部に、窒素ガスを1時間吹き込んだ後、20体積%のフッ素ガス及び80体積%の窒素ガスを含有する混合ガスを圧力0.100MPaで充填し、5時間保持する。そして、混合ガスの充填時の圧力、すなわち0.100MPaと、5時間保持後の圧力と、の差が0.001MPa以下であれば、反応器の内表面がフッ素ガスに不活性である。
以下、上記混合ガスの充填時の圧力と5時間保持後の圧力との差を「圧力変化量」ともいう。
一方、混合ガスの充填時の圧力に対して5時間保持後の圧力が下がり、上記圧力変化量が0.001MPaを超える場合は、5時間の保持においてフッ素ガスが反応器の内表面の成分と反応し、フッ素ガスが消費されていると考えられる。つまり、反応器の内表面がフッ素ガスに対して不活性ではないと考えられる。
フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器は、内表面がフッ素ガスに不活性であれば特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、内表面に金属フッ化物を含有する反応器、内表面にフッ素樹脂を含有する反応器等が挙げられる。
反応器は、反応器本体と、反応器本体の内表面に位置しフッ素ガスに不活性な表面層と、を有するものであってもよい。フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器は、金属フッ化物を含有する表面層を、反応器本体の内表面に有するものであってもよく、フッ素樹脂を含有する表面層を、反応器本体の内表面に有するものであってもよい。
反応器本体は、ニッケル、銅、アルミニウム、クロム、鉄、銀、チタン、及びモリブデンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有するものであってもよい。特に、ニッケル、銅、アルミニウム、クロム、鉄、銀、チタン、及びモリブデンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有する反応器本体では、内表面にフッ素ガスが直接接触すると、反応器本体の内表面とフッ素ガスとが反応しやすい。それに対して、フッ素ガスに不活性な表面層を反応器本体の内表面に設けることで、反応器本体の内表面とフッ素ガスとの反応が抑制される。
反応器本体の材質は、入手性及び経済性の観点から、ニッケル及びステンレスが好ましい。
内表面に金属フッ化物を含有する反応器は、例えば、内表面に金属元素を含有する容器の内部に、フッ素ガスを含有する気体を充填して保持する操作を行うことで得られる。以下、容器の内部にフッ素ガスを含有する気体を充填して保持する操作を「内面フッ素化操作」ともいう。
上記内面フッ素化操作を経た容器は、内表面がフッ素化されることで、内表面をフッ素ガスに対して不活性とした容器となる。この容器を反応器として用いる。
上記内面フッ素化操作を経た容器である反応器は、例えば、反応器本体と、反応器本体の内表面に位置し金属フッ化物を含有しフッ素ガスに不活性な表面層と、を有する反応器が挙げられる。
内面フッ素化操作で用いる気体は、少なくともフッ素ガスを含有していればよい。気体は、フッ素ガスからなるものでもよく、フッ素ガス以外のガスを含有するものでもよい。
フッ素ガス以外のガスとしては、例えば不活性ガスが挙げられる。不活性ガスとしては、窒素ガス、ヘリウムガス、ネオンガス、アルゴンガス等が挙げられ、窒素ガス又はヘリウムガスが好ましく、コストを低く抑える観点から窒素ガスが好ましい。
内面フッ素化操作で用いる気体におけるフッ素ガスの濃度は、フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器を得る観点から、10体積%以上が好ましく、15体積%以上がより好ましく、20体積%以上がさらに好ましい。内面フッ素化操作で用いる気体におけるフッ素ガスの濃度は、安全性に優れる観点から、60体積%以下が好ましく、50体積%以下がより好ましく、40体積%以下がさらに好ましい。前記観点から、内面フッ素化操作で用いる気体におけるフッ素ガスの濃度は、10~60体積%が好ましく、15~50体積%がより好ましく、20~40体積%がさらに好ましい。
内面フッ素化操作における気体の保持時間は、フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器を得る観点から、30分以上が好ましく、1時間以上がより好ましい。内面フッ素化操作における気体の保持時間の上限は、特に限定されるものではない。内面フッ素化操作における気体の保持時間は、72時間以下であってもよく、50時間以下であってもよく、10時間以下であってもよい。内面フッ素化操作における気体の保持時間は、30分~72時間が好ましく、1時間~50時間以下がより好ましく、1時間~10時間がさらに好ましい。
表面層は、反応器本体と同じ材質の層であってもよく、反応器本体とは異なる材質の層であってもよい。表面層としては、例えば、反応器本体に含有されない金属元素単独の層、反応器本体に含有されない金属元素を含む合金の層等が挙げられる。表面層の材質として、具体的には、ニッケル、チタン等が挙げられる。
なお、これらの金属元素のフッ化物である金属フッ化物を含有する表面層は、例えば空気中の水分に接触することで剥離することがある。そのため、内表面に金属フッ化物を含有する反応器を用いて原料化合物のフッ素化を行う場合、上記内面フッ素化操作の後、水分を含有する気体を反応器の内表面に接触させずに、原料化合物のフッ素化を行うことが好ましい。例えば、上記内面フッ素化操作と、原料化合物のフッ素化と、を一連の操作として行うことが好ましい。
内表面にフッ素樹脂を含有する反応器は、例えば、反応器本体の内表面に、フッ素樹脂を含有する表面層を形成することで得られる。つまり、反応器本体と、反応器本体の内表面に位置しフッ素樹脂を含有しフッ素ガスに不活性な表面層と、を有する反応器が得られる。
反応器本体としては、前述の内表面に金属フッ化物を含有する反応器における反応器本体と同様のものが挙げられる。
反応器本体の内表面にフッ素樹脂を含有する表面層を形成する方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えばフッ素樹脂の加熱成形等が挙げられる。
フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器の内部に投入する組成物は、原料化合物を含有するものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、原料化合物のフッ素化を実施する温度において、液体、気体、固体のいずれであってもよい。
組成物は、含フッ素化合物の収率向上の観点から、原料化合物のフッ素化を実施する温度において液体であることが好ましい。
組成物は、少なくとも、フッ素化可能な原子を少なくとも1つ有する有機化合物である原料化合物を含有し、必要に応じて溶媒、その他添加剤等をさらに含有してもよい。
原料化合物は、フッ素化可能な原子を少なくとも1つ有する有機化合物であればよく、特に限定されるものではない。
フッ素化可能な原子としては、水素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等が挙げられる。
原料化合物は、フッ素化可能な原子を1つのみ有してもよく、2つ以上有してもよい。原料化合物の1分子中に含まれるフッ素化可能な原子の数としては、例えば1~1,000が挙げられ、1~500が好ましく、1~100がより好ましい。
特定官能基としては、エステル結合、エーテル結合、アミド結合、チオエーテル結合、チオエステル結合、スルホニル基等が挙げられる。また、特定官能基としては、エステル結合及びアミド結合以外のカルボニル基、イミド結合等も挙げられる。
原料化合物は、特定官能基として、エステル結合、エーテル結合、アミド結合、チオエーテル結合、チオエステル結合、及びスルホニル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを有する化合物が好ましく、エステル結合及びエーテル結合の少なくとも1つを有する化合物がより好ましく、エステル結合を有する化合物がさらに好ましく、エステル結合及びエーテル結合の両方を有する化合物が特に好ましい。
一方、本実施形態では、フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器の内部において、フッ素化反応を行う。そのため、原料化合物として、エステル結合を有し、かつ、エステル結合の酸素原子に結合する炭素原子にフッ素化可能な原子が結合した化合物を用いても、フッ素ガスによる直接フッ素化において高いフッ素化率が得られる。
つまり、原料化合物は、特定官能基としてエステル結合を有し、かつ、エステル結合の酸素原子に結合する炭素原子にフッ素化可能な原子が結合した化合物でもよい。また、原料化合物は、特定官能基としてエステル結合及びエーテル結合を有し、かつ、エステル結合の酸素原子に結合する炭素原子にフッ素化可能な原子が結合した化合物でもよい。
上記原料化合物の数平均分子量は、1H-NMR及び19F-NMRによって特定された分子構造から算出される各分子の分子量の数平均値である。
RA1-O-(C=O)-RB1 …(1)
RB2-(C=O)-O-RA2-O-(C=O)-RB3 …(2)
RA1、RB1、RB2、及びRB3はそれぞれ独立に、1価飽和炭化水素基、ハロゲノ1価飽和炭化水素基、ヘテロ原子含有1価飽和炭化水素基、又はハロゲノ(ヘテロ原子含有1価飽和炭化水素)基であり、
RA2は、2価飽和炭化水素基、ハロゲノ2価飽和炭化水素基、ヘテロ原子含有2価飽和炭化水素基、又はハロゲノ(ヘテロ原子含有2価飽和炭化水素)基である。
式(1)中、RA1は、1価飽和炭化水素基、ハロゲノ1価飽和炭化水素基、ヘテロ原子含有1価飽和炭化水素基、又はハロゲノ(ヘテロ原子含有1価飽和炭化水素)基である。
R11O-(R12O)m1-R13- …(A1)
-[(Rf1O)k1(Rf2O)k2(Rf3O)k3(Rf4O)k4(Rf5O)k5(Rf6O)k6]- …(A2)
ただし、
Rf1は、炭素数1のフッ素原子を有していてもよいアルキレン基であり、
Rf2は、炭素数2のフッ素原子を有していてもよいアルキレン基であり、
Rf3は、炭素数3のフッ素原子を有していてもよいアルキレン基であり、
Rf4は、炭素数4のフッ素原子を有していてもよいアルキレン基であり、
Rf5は、炭素数5のフッ素原子を有していてもよいアルキレン基であり、
Rf6は、炭素数6のフッ素原子を有していてもよいアルキレン基である。
k1、k2、k3、k4、k5、及びk6は、それぞれ独立に0又は1以上の整数を表し、k1+k2+k3+k4+k5+k6は0~500の整数である。
(CHF2)-CF2-、-CH(CH2F)-CF2-、-CH(CH3)-CF2-、-CH(CF3)-CHF-、-CH(CHF2)-CHF-、-CH(CH2F)-CHF-、-CH(CH3)-CHF-、-CH(CF3)-CH2-、-CH(CHF2)-CH2-、及び-CH(CH2F)-CH2-が挙げられる。
ここで、-cycloC4F6-は、ペルフルオロシクロブタンジイル基を意味し、その具体例としては、ペルフルオロシクロブタン-1,2-ジイル基が挙げられる。-cycloC5F8-は、ペルフルオロシクロペンタンジイル基を意味し、その具体例としては、ペルフルオロシクロペンタン-1,3-ジイル基が挙げられる。-cycloC6F10-は、ペルフルオロシクロヘキサンジイル基を意味し、その具体例としては、ペルフルオロシクロヘキサン-1,4-ジイル基が挙げられる。
-(Rf1O)k1-(Rf2O)k2- …(F1)
-(Rf2O)k2-(Rf4O)k4- …(F2)
-(Rf3O)k3- …(F3)
ただし、式(F1)~式(F3)の各符号は、上記式(A2)と同様である。
式(F1)において、k1は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。またk2は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。
式(F2)において、k2は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。またk4は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。
式(F3)において、k3は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。
式(1)中、RB1は、1価飽和炭化水素基、ハロゲノ1価飽和炭化水素基、ヘテロ原子含有1価飽和炭化水素基、又はハロゲノ(ヘテロ原子含有1価飽和炭化水素)基である。
R21O-(R22O)m2-R23- …(B1)
R21で表されるフルオロアルキル基は、直鎖状フルオロアルキル基であってもよく、分岐鎖状フルオロアルキル基であってもよく、環構造を有するフルオロアルキル基であってもよい。
式(2)中、RA2は、2価飽和炭化水素基、ハロゲノ2価飽和炭化水素基、ヘテロ原子含有2価飽和炭化水素基、又はハロゲノ(ヘテロ原子含有2価飽和炭化水素)基である。
-R31O-(R32O)m5-R33- …(A5)
式(A5)中、-(R32O)m5-としては、式(A1)中の-(R12O)m1-と同様のものが挙げられる。
式(2)中、RB2及びRB3は、それぞれ独立に、1価飽和炭化水素基、ハロゲノ1価飽和炭化水素基、ヘテロ原子含有1価飽和炭化水素基、又はハロゲノ(ヘテロ原子含有1価飽和炭化水素)基である。
組成物は、必要に応じて溶媒を含有してもよい。溶媒は、原料化合物を溶解可能な溶媒であれば特に限定されない。
含塩素溶媒以外の含フッ素溶媒としては、ペルフルオロアルカン類(FC-72等)、ペルフルオロエーテル類(FC-75、FC-77等)、ペルフルオロポリエーテル類(商品名:クライトックス、フォンブリン、ガルデン、デムナム等)、不活性流体(商品名:フロリナート)、ペルフルオロカルボン酸フッ化物等が挙げられる。
溶媒の炭素数は、含フッ素化合物の収率を向上させる観点から、4以上が好ましく、4~1,000がより好ましく、4~500が更に好ましく、4~100が特に好ましく、4~50が最も好ましい。
溶媒の分子量は、含フッ素化合物の収率を向上させる観点から、200以上が好ましく、200~50,000がより好ましく、200~25,000が更に好ましく、200~10,000が特に好ましく、200~1,000が最も好ましい。分子量に分布がある場合、分子量は、質量平均分子量(Mw)を表す。Mwはテトラヒドロフラン(THF)を溶離液として用いるゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(GPC)測定により、ポリスチレン換算として測定される。
組成物は、必要に応じてその他添加剤を含有してもよい。その他添加剤としては、例えば、原料化合物のフッ素化を促進する助剤が挙げられる。
助剤としては、例えば、原料化合物以外のC-H結合含有化合物及び炭素-炭素二重結合含有化合物が挙げられる。C-H結合含有化合物としては、ベンゼン、トルエン等が挙げられる。炭素-炭素二重結合含有化合物としては、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、ヘキサフルオロブタジエン等が挙げられる。助剤は、その中でも、ベンゼン、トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素が好ましい。
組成物に導入する気体は、少なくともフッ素ガスを含有していればよい。気体は、フッ素ガスからなるものでもよく、フッ素ガス以外のガスを含有するものでもよい。
フッ素ガス以外のガスとしては、例えば不活性ガスが挙げられる。不活性ガスとしては、窒素ガス、ヘリウムガス、ネオンガス、アルゴンガス等が挙げられ、窒素ガス又はヘリウムガスが好ましく、コストを低く抑える観点から窒素ガスが好ましい。
原料化合物のフッ素化における圧力としては、例えば、0~2MPaが挙げられる。
原料化合物のフッ素化は、バッチ方式であってもよく、連続方式であってもよい。
滞留時間は、フッ素化率を高くする観点から、0.3時間以上が好ましく、0.6時間以上がより好ましく、1時間以上がさらに好ましく、2時間以上が特に好ましく、3時間以上が極めて好ましい。滞留時間は、0.3~200時間が好ましく、0.6~200時間がより好ましく、1~200時間がさらに好ましく、1~190時間が特に好ましく、1~170時間がさらに好ましく、2~150時間が極めて好ましく、3~100時間が最も好ましい。
上記滞留時間は、原料化合物のフッ素化を連続方式で行う場合、上記組成物の流量及び反応器の容積から算出する。また、滞留時間は、原料化合物のフッ素化を連続方式で行う場合、上記組成物の流量及び反応器の流れ方向の長さ等により調整してもよい。
上記フッ素化率は、以下のようにして求める。
具体的には、反応生成物の内部標準物質を用いたNMR測定により、反応生成物をフッ素化可能な原子が完全にフッ素化された化合物と仮定して、下記式によりフッ素化率を算出する。
式:フッ素化率(%)={1-(反応生成物1分子あたりのフッ素化可能な原子数)/(原料化合物1分子あたりのフッ素化可能な原子数)}×100
原料化合物のフッ素化により得られる含フッ素化合物は、原料化合物が有するフッ素化可能な原子の少なくとも1つがフッ素原子に置き換わった化合物である。
含フッ素化合物は、原料化合物が有するすべてのフッ素化可能な原子がフッ素原子に置き換わった化合物が好ましい。
RAF1-O-(C=O)-RBF1 …(3)
RBF2-(C=O)-O-RAF2-O-(C=O)-RBF3 …(4)
式(6)及び(7)中、
RAF1、RBF1、RAF2、RBF2、及びRBF3は、それぞれ、RA1、RB1、RA2、RB2、及びRB3に対応する基であり、
RA1、RB1、RA2、RB2、及びRB3がそれぞれ独立に水素原子を含まない基である場合、RAF1、RBF1、RAF2、RBF2、及びRBF3は、RA1、RB1、RA2、RB2、及びRB3と同一の基であり、
RA1、RB1、RA2、RB2、及びRB3がそれぞれ独立に水素原子を含む基である場合、RAF1、RBF1、RAF2、RBF2、及びRBF3は、RA1、RB1、RA2、RB2、及びRB3に存在するすべての水素原子がフッ素原子に置換された基である。
式(3)中、RAF1はRA1に対応する基である。
RA1が水素原子を含む場合には、RAF1は、RA1に存在する全ての水素原子がフッ素原子に置換された基である。RA1が水素原子を含まない場合には、RAF1は、RA1と同一の基である。
溶媒への溶解性に優れる観点から、RAF1は、下記式(A3)で表されることが好ましい。
R14O-(R15O)m3-R16- …(A3)
-[(Rff1O)k7(Rff2O)k8(Rff3O)k9(Rff4O)k10(Rff5O)k11(Rff6O)k12]- …(A4)
ただし、
Rff1は、炭素数1のペルフルオロアルキレン基であり、
Rff2は、炭素数2のペルフルオロアルキレン基であり、
Rff3は、炭素数3のペルフルオロアルキレン基であり、
Rff4は、炭素数4のペルフルオロアルキレン基であり、
Rff5は、炭素数5のペルフルオロアルキレン基であり、
Rff6は、炭素数6のペルフルオロアルキレン基である。
k7、k8、k9、k10、k11、及びk12は、それぞれ独立に0又は1以上の整数を表し、k7+k8+k9+k10+k11+k12は0~500の整数である。
-(Rff1O)k7-(Rff2O)k8- …(G1)
-(Rff2O)k8-(Rff4O)k10- …(G2)
-(Rff3O)k9- …(G3)
ただし、式(G1)~式(G3)の各符号は、上記式(A4)と同様である。
式(G1)において、k7は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。またk8は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。
式(G2)において、k8は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。またk10は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。
式(G3)において、k9は1~30が好ましく、1~20がより好ましい。
式(3)中、RBF1はRB1に対応する基である。
RB1が水素原子を含む場合には、RBF1は、RB1に存在する全ての水素原子がフッ素原子に置換された基である。RB1が水素原子を含まない場合には、RBF1は、RB1と同一の基である。
溶媒への溶解性に優れる観点から、RBF1は、下記式(B2)で表されることが好ましい。
R24O-(R25O)m4-R26- …(B2)
式(4)中、RAF2はRA2に対応する基である。
RA2が水素原子を含む場合には、RAF2は、RA2に存在する全ての水素原子がフッ素原子に置換された基である。RA2が水素原子を含まない場合には、RAF2は、RA2と同一の基である。
-R34O-(R35O)m6-R36- …(A6)
式(A6)中、-(R35O)m6-としては、式(A5)中の-(R32O)m5-と同様のものが挙げられる。
式(4)中、RBF2及びRBF3は、それぞれ、RB2及びRB3に対応する基である。
RB2が水素原子を含む場合には、RBF2は、RB2に存在する全ての水素原子がフッ素原子に置換された基である。RB2が水素原子を含まない場合には、RBF2は、RB2と同一の基である。
RB3が水素原子を含む場合には、RBF3は、RB3に存在する全ての水素原子がフッ素原子に置換された基である。RB3が水素原子を含まない場合には、RBF3は、RB3と同一の基である。
上記含フッ素化合物の数平均分子量は、1H-NMR及び19F-NMRによって特定された分子構造から算出される各分子の分子量の数平均値である。
(内面フッ素化操作)
500mLのSUS316製オートクレーブに窒素ガスを1時間吹き込んだ後、窒素ガスで20体積%に希釈したフッ素ガス(「20体積%フッ素ガス」とも記す。)でオートクレーブ内の圧力が0.100MPaとなるまで昇圧した後、5時間保持することで内面フッ素化操作を行い、これを反応器として用いた。
その後、反応器内の20体積%フッ素ガスを抜き出し、窒素ガスを2時間吹き込んだ。
一方で、原料化合物であるCH3CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCOCF(CF3)OCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2CF3の10gを(HFPO)3の240gに溶解し、これを原料溶液とした。
CH3CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCOCF(CF3)OCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2CF3は、国際公開第2008/026707の実施例1(工程1-1)に従って用意した。(HFPO)3はAGC製のものを用いた。
上記の内面フッ素化操作を行ったオートクレーブに、(HFPO)3の200gを加えて撹拌し、窒素ガスを1時間吹き込んだ。その後、20体積%フッ素ガスを流速5.66L/時間で1時間吹き込み、同じ流速を保って吹き込みながら、原料溶液を5時間かけて注入した。
つぎに、20体積%フッ素ガスを、上記の流速を保ちつつ吹き込みながらベンゼンの(HFPO)3溶液(0.01g/mL)を20mL注入し、1時間攪拌した。
その後、窒素ガスを2時間吹き込み、得られた粗液をエバポレータで濃縮して19F-NMR及び1H-NMRで生成物を定量した。前述の方法により求めたフッ素化率は88%であった。
SUS316製オートクレーブの代わりに500mLのNi製オートクレーブを用いた以外は、例1と同様に実施した。
19F-NMRで生成物を定量したところ、フッ素化率は89%であった。
SUS316製オートクレーブの代わりにPFA樹脂でライニングした500mLのSUS316製オートクレーブを用い、内面フッ素化操作を行わなかった以外は、例1と同様に実施した。
19F-NMRで生成物を定量したところ、フッ素化率は87%であった。
500mLのSUS316製オートクレーブを、内面フッ素化操作を行わずに試験に用いた以外は、例1と同様に実施した。
19F-NMRで生成物を定量したところ、フッ素化率は75%であった。
各例における反応器の内表面がフッ素ガスに不活性であるか否かを確認するため、以下のようにして、圧力変化量の測定を行った。
具体的には、各例の試験実施後に、反応器の状態を確かめるために、各オートクレーブに窒素ガスを1時間吹き込んだ後、20体積%フッ素ガスでオートクレーブ内の圧力が0.100MPaとなるまで昇圧し、5時間保持し、圧力変化量を測定した。
圧力変化量が0.001MPa以下である場合をA、0.001MPa超えである場合をBと評価した。結果を表1に示す。
各例において、20体積%フッ素ガスの流通が総計72時間を超えるまで前記原料化合物のフッ素化操作を繰り返し実施し、実施前後の反応器の肉厚を測定し、その差の値から1年間(すなわち8,760時間)あたりの減肉速度(単位:mm/年)を求めた。
上記減肉速度が0.1mm/年未満である場合をA、0.1mm/年以上である場合をBとして評価した。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (9)
- フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面を有する反応器の内部において、フッ素化可能な原子を少なくとも1つ有する有機化合物を含有する組成物に、フッ素ガスを含有する気体を導入することで、前記有機化合物をフッ素化することを含む、含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
- 前記反応器は、20体積%のフッ素ガス及び80体積%の窒素ガスを含有する混合ガスを圧力0.100MPaで充填して5時間保持したとき、前記充填時の圧力と前記保持後の圧力との差が0.001MPa以下である、請求項1に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
- 前記フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面は、金属フッ化物を含有する、請求項1に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
- 前記反応器は、フッ素ガスを含有する気体を、内表面に金属元素を有する容器の内部に充填して保持することで、内表面をフッ素ガスに対して不活性とした前記容器である、請求項3に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
- 前記フッ素ガスに不活性な内表面は、フッ素樹脂を含有する、請求項1に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
- 前記反応器は、ニッケル、銅、アルミニウム、クロム、鉄、銀、チタン、及びモリブデンからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素を含有する反応器本体と、前記反応器本体の内表面に位置しフッ素ガスに不活性な表面層と、を有する、請求項1に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
- 前記組成物は、前記フッ素化を実施する温度において25℃で液体である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
- 前記有機化合物は、酸素原子及び硫黄原子の少なくとも一方を含有する2価以上の官能基を有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
- 前記有機化合物は、エステル結合、エーテル結合、アミド結合、チオエーテル結合、チオエステル結合、及びスルホニル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の含フッ素化合物の製造方法。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000056694A1 (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-28 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Process for producing fluorine compound through liquid-phase fluorination |
| JP2006001881A (ja) * | 2004-06-17 | 2006-01-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | フッ素化有機化合物の製造法 |
| WO2008026707A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-06 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Perfluorocarboxylic acid salt and method for producing the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000056694A1 (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-28 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Process for producing fluorine compound through liquid-phase fluorination |
| JP2006001881A (ja) * | 2004-06-17 | 2006-01-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | フッ素化有機化合物の製造法 |
| WO2008026707A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-06 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Perfluorocarboxylic acid salt and method for producing the same |
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