WO2024110517A1 - Procede d'hydrophobisation d'un substrat en verre - Google Patents
Procede d'hydrophobisation d'un substrat en verre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024110517A1 WO2024110517A1 PCT/EP2023/082657 EP2023082657W WO2024110517A1 WO 2024110517 A1 WO2024110517 A1 WO 2024110517A1 EP 2023082657 W EP2023082657 W EP 2023082657W WO 2024110517 A1 WO2024110517 A1 WO 2024110517A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- silane
- glass substrate
- process according
- trialkoxy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/42—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/76—Hydrophobic and oleophobic coatings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass substrate whose surface has been made hydrophobic by grafting non-fluorinated alkylsilanes and a process for manufacturing such a substrate.
- Hydrophobic properties are sought after for side windows and windshields in the field of transport, in particular for motor vehicles, where it is essential, for obvious safety reasons, to optimize the transparency of the glazing even in the event of rain .
- Raindrops must cling as little as possible to the exterior surface of the glazing and, on the contrary, flow easily under the effect of gravity or aerodynamic flows.
- the two parameters used to characterize the hydrophobic nature of the surface of a glazing are the contact angle ( ⁇ ) of a water drop and the hysteresis of the contact angle ( ⁇ ).
- the hydrophobicity of windows must of course resist abrasion and chemical attack by the environment (water, UV radiation) for as long as possible.
- perfluorinated compounds are considered harmful to the environment and human health.
- the persistent nature of these compounds in the environment and in the human body, associated with harmful health effects, has recently increased regulatory pressure regarding their use, in particular via the European REACH and POP regulations. This could lead to a massive ban on these compounds by 2025 or, at the latest, 2030.
- the present invention aims to propose a process for hydrophobizing glass substrates, in particular intended for the automotive industry, which makes it possible to obtain glazing having a satisfactory and persistent hydrophobic character without the use of perfluorinated compounds.
- the present invention is based on the discovery that C 8 to C 16 fatty chain alkylsilanes made it possible, unlike shorter or longer hydrocarbon chain alkylsilanes, to produce durable hydrophobic coatings on glass substrates, i.e. i.e. presenting both resistance to mechanical abrasion, UV resistance and satisfactory corrosion resistance.
- the present application therefore relates to a process for hydrophobizing a glass substrate comprising the following successive steps: - formation of a primary layer, preferably made of silica, on one of the main surfaces of the glass substrate, - grafting a layer of trialkoxy-(C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-silanes and/or trichloro-(C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-silanes on the primary layer.
- This hydrophobic glass substrate comprises a transparent glass substrate, covered, on one of these main faces, with a primary layer, preferably made of silica, said primary layer being grafted with (C 8 - 16 alkyl)-silyl groups, preferably of (linear C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-silyl groups.
- the glass substrate obtained by the process of the invention is preferably automobile side glazing.
- n 7 -15, we mean that n can take all integer values between 7 and 15, limits included.
- a primary layer on the surface to be treated preferably made of silica.
- this primary layer it is important that it contains as many active silanol (Si-OH) groups as possible, that is to say capable of reacting with the silanol groups released by the hydrolysis of the alkoxy functions of the alkyl-trialkoxy-silane or of the chlorine atoms of the alkyltrichlorosilanes.
- silica layer is sufficiently condensed before deposition of the acidic hydroalcoholic solution containing the alkyltrialkoxysilane and/or alkyltrichlorosilane. If the silica layer was insufficiently condensed, it could indeed be eliminated or damaged during the creation of the hydrophobic functional layer.
- the step of grafting the trialkoxy-(C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-silane and/or trichloro-(C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-silane onto the layer of primer in silica advantageously occurs less than two hours, preferably less than one hour after this step of drying the primer layer.
- step of forming the primary layer with a step of polishing the substrate, for example using a felt impregnated with an aqueous suspension of fine abrasive particles, followed by a rinsing with water and drying.
- the formation of the primary silica layer is done by a sol-gel step in which a tetrachlorosilane and/or a tetraalkoxysilane, preferably tetraethoxysilane, is hydrolyzed in an acidic hydroalcoholic medium.
- tetrachlorosilane or tetraalkoxysilane is dissolved in a water/alcohol mixture, typically a water/isopropanol mixture, the pH of the water having been previously adjusted to a value between 1 and 3.
- a water/alcohol mixture typically a water/isopropanol mixture
- the tetrachlorosilane and/or tetraalkoxysilane content of this hydroalcoholic solution is advantageously between 0.1 and 1% by weight, preferably between 0.15 and 0.8% by weight.
- the molar ratio of water to the silica precursor is generally between 400 and 600, preferably between 450 and 550 and in particular between 480 and 520.
- hydroalcoholic solution it is preferable not to apply the hydroalcoholic solution immediately after dissolution of the tetrachlorosilane and/or tetraalkoxysilane, but to allow the hydrolysis to take place at room temperature (20 – 25 °C) for a period of between 30 minutes and 4 hours. , preferably between 40 minutes and 3.5 hours, especially between 45 minutes and 3 hours. During this time, it is recommended to stir the solution to ensure good homogeneity of the reaction medium. It is generally not necessary to add thermal energy to the solution during this hydrolysis step.
- the acidic hydroalcoholic solution of tetraalkoxysilane or tetrachlorosilane can be applied in principle by any technique allowing the formation of a thin liquid film on the surface of the substrate.
- spraying, or nebulization, and application using a cloth soaked in the hydroalcoholic solution of tetraalkoxysilane or tetrachlorosilane will be used.
- the liquid film formed is allowed to dry for a period of at least 5 minutes, preferably at least 15 minutes.
- the silica primer layer advantageously has a thickness of between 5 nm and 250 nm, preferably between 10 nm and 100 nm, in particular between 15 nm and 75 nm.
- the step of grafting the alkyltrialkoxysilane and/or the alkyltrichlorosilane is carried out, like the formation of the primary silica layer, by a sol-gel step in which the alkyltrialkoxysilane and/or the alkyltrichlorosilane is hydrolyzed in a medium hydroalcoholic acid. It can be implemented in a manner similar to that used for the formation of the primary layer, except that the grafting of the alkyltrialkoxysilane or the alkyltrichlorosilane is preferably done in a single application step.
- the grafting composition is an acidic hydroalcoholic (water/isopropanol) solution of (C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-trialkoxysilane and/or (C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-trichlorosilane.
- the molar ratio H 2 O/(C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-trialkoxysilane or H 2 O/(C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-trichlorosilane of the acidic hydroalcoholic solution used for grafting is between 70 and 200, preferably between 80 and 150, in particular between 90 and 140.
- the hydroalcoholic solution of (C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-trialkoxysilane or (C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-trialkoxysilane is advantageously left at room temperature for a period of approximately 30 minutes to approximately 3 hours , preferably with stirring, to allow the hydrolysis of the (C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-trialkoxysilane or the (C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-trialkoxysilane, before being applied by spraying ( spray ), watering or wiping the glass substrate covered on one of its main faces with the primary layer of silica.
- the inventors encountered a technical problem consisting of the milky appearance of the alkylsilane deposits obtained. This optical problem was observed more particularly in the case of application by wiping. The treated surface of the glazing was slightly diffusing, thus unacceptably reducing the transparency and brilliance of the glazing. This problem could be overcome thanks to a polishing step, implemented after the step of grafting the layer of trialkoxy-(C 8 -C 16 alkyl)-silanes and/or trichloro-(C 8 alkyl) -C 16 )-silanes.
- This polishing step is advantageously carried out by rubbing the surface using a cloth soaked in a solvent, advantageously a mixture of water and alcohol, until a specular reflection of the light is reestablished. the entire treated surface.
- the water/alcohol mixture is preferably a water/isopropanol mixture and contains from 30% to 90% by weight of water, preferably from 50% to 80% by weight of water.
- the measurement of the contact angle of a drop of water ( ⁇ ) at equilibrium is carried out using a Krüss DSA-100 goniometer (Drop Shape Analyzer) on a 3 ⁇ l drop.
- the drop is observed using a high-speed camera which takes photos on which the contact angle is then recorded. The higher the contact angle value, the more hydrophobic the surface of the tested sample.
- Contact angle hysteresis is also carried out using a Krüss DSA goniometer.
- the device places a drop of water with a volume of 5 ⁇ l on the hydrophobic surface of the sample to be tested. Water is then injected (at a speed of 0.5 ⁇ l/min) into the drop in order to increase its volume. The increase in volume is accompanied by an increase in the contact angle. The increase in volume is continued until a plateau in the contact angle is obtained.
- We call the advance angle ( ⁇ a ) the value (average over at least 3 repetitions) of the contact angle to the plate.
- the device then gradually draws water from the drop so that it returns to a smaller volume. The suction is continued until a contact angle plateau is obtained.
- We call the angle of retreat ( ⁇ r ) the value (average over at least three repetitions) of the angle of contact with the plate.
- the hysteresis ( ⁇ ) is the difference between the forward angle and the backward angle:
- Opel ® friction test consists of rubbing the hydrophobic surface of the sample with a sheep's wool felt of hardness H1 subjected to a pressure load of 0.397 kg/cm 2 , on a surface of 1.5 cm 2 , at a speed of 50 back and forth cycles per minute and a rotation speed of 6 revolutions per minute. A sample is considered satisfactory when, after 5000 back and forth cycles, the contact angle ⁇ is still greater than 90° and the sample is free of optical defects.
- BSN test Neutral Salt Spray test
- This test consists of spraying fine droplets of salt water (NaCl solution at 50 g/l ) neutral (pH 7) at a temperature of 35°C and 100% relative humidity, for a period of 14 days, on substrates inclined at 20° from the vertical. After 7 days, and better yet at the end of the 14 day test, the contact angle should still be greater than 90° and the hysteresis less than 30°.
- the sample is continuously exposed to radiation whose spectrum is similar to the solar spectrum on the ground.
- the irradiance at the wavelength of 340 nm is 0.55 W/m 2 /nm
- Samples of glass substrates are functionalized with different alkyltrialkoxysilanes by proceeding as follows:
- a 10 cm x 10 cm sample is cleaned by polishing using a felt pen impregnated with an aqueous suspension containing 20% cerium oxide particles.
- the polished sample is rinsed with distilled water and dried with compressed air.
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- the solution is sprayed onto the cleaned glass sample and allowed to dry for approximately 15 minutes.
- Table 1 shows the contact angle of a water drop ( ⁇ ), hysteresis ( ⁇ ), salt corrosion resistance, ultraviolet (UV) resistance and abrasion resistance (test Opel) of all the samples thus prepared, in comparison with a sample according to the state of the art prepared with a perfluoroalkyltrialkoxysilane.
- (C 10 alkyl)-silane makes it possible to obtain hydrophobic glass substrates having particularly high durability of hydrophobic properties: resistance to salt corrosion greater than 14 days and UV resistance greater than 1000 hours.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- formation d’une couche primaire de préférence en silice sur une des surfaces principales du substrat verrier,
- greffage d’une couche de trialcoxy-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silanes et/ou de trichloro-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silanes sur la couche primaire.
| Longueur chaîne alkyle | θ | Δθ | Corrosion saline | UV | Test Opel |
| -C1 | 91° | 17° | < 2 jours | - | - |
| -C5 | 91° | 28° | > 7 jours | >1300 h | < 5000 h |
| -C6 (ramifié) | 103° | 29° | > 7 jours | >1000 h | < 5000 h |
| -C8 | 108 ° | 25° | > 7 jours | >1000 h | >10000 h |
| -C10 | 105° | 20° | > 14 jours | >1000 h | >10000 h |
| -C16 | 103° | 24° | > 7 jours | >1000 h | >10000 h |
| 1H,1H,2H,2H– perfluorooctyl- | 103° | 36° | > 7 jours | >2000 h | >10000 h |
Claims (16)
- Procédé d’hydrophobisation d’un substrat verrier comprenant les étapes successives suivantes :
- formation d’une couche primaire, de préférence en silice, sur une des surfaces principales du substrat verrier,
- greffage d’une couche de trialcoxy-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane et/ou de trichloro-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane sur la couche primaire,
- éventuellement une étape de lustrage au moyen d’une étoffe imbibée d’un mélange eau/alcool contenant de 30 % à 90 % en poids d’eau,
dans lequel le trialcoxy(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane est un alkylsilane linéaire de formule CH3(CH2)nSiR3 où n = 7 - 15, chaque R représentant un groupe alcoxy en C1-3, de préférence un groupe méthoxy ou éthoxy, et le trichloro(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane est un trichloroalkylsilane linéaire de formule CH3(CH2)nSiR3 où n = 7 - 15, et chaque R représentant un atome de chlore. - Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le trialcoxy(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane est un trialcoxyalkylsilane linéaire de formule CH3(CH2)nSiR3 où n = 7 – 11, et chaque R représente un groupe alcoxy en C1-3, de préférence un groupe méthoxy ou éthoxy.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le trichloro(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane est un trichloroalkylsilane linéaire de formule CH3(CH2)nSiR3 où n = 7 – 11, et chaque R représente un atome de chlore.
- Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la couche primaire est en silice et que la formation de la couche primaire en silice se fait par une étape sol-gel dans laquelle un tétrachlorosilane et/ou tétraalcoxysilane, de préférence un tétraéthoxysilane, est hydrolysé en milieu hydro-alcoolique acide.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que l’étape sol-gel pour la formation de la couche primaire en silice est mise en œuvre avec une solution hydroalcoolique acide contenant de 0,1 % à 1 % en poids de tétraalcoxysilane et/ou de tétrachlorosilane.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le rapport molaire H2O/tetraalcoxysilane ou H2O/tétrachlorosilane de la solution hydroalcoolique acide est compris entre 400 et 600, de préférence entre 450 et 550, en particulier entre 480 et 520.
- Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 5 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que la solution hydro-alcoolique de tétraalcoxysilane et/ou de tétrachlorosilane est laissée à température ambiante pendant une durée d’environ 30 minutes à environ 4 heures, avant d’être appliquée sur le substrat verrier par immersion, rideau de liquide, pulvérisation ou chiffonnage.
- Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l’étape de greffage de trialcoxy-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane et/ou de trichloro-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane se fait par une étape sol-gel dans laquelle le trialcoxy-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane et/ou le trichloro-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane est hydrolysé en milieu hydro-alcoolique acide.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que l’étape de greffage de trialcoxy-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane et/ou de trichloro-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane est mise en œuvre avec une solution hydroalcoolique acide contenant de 1 % à 4 % en poids de trialcoxy-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane et/ou trichloro-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane, de préférence de trialcoxy-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane linéaire de formule CH3(CH2)nSiR3 où n = 7 – 11, et R représente un groupe alcoxy en C1-3.
- Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le rapport molaire H2O/trialcoxyalkylsilane ou H2O/trichloroalkylsilane de la solution hydroalcoolique acide est compris entre 70 et 200, de préférence entre 80 et 150, en particulier entre 90 et 140.
- Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel la solution hydro-alcoolique de trialcoxy-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane et/ou de trichloro-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane est laissée à température ambiante pendant une durée d’environ 30 minutes à environ 3 heures, avant d’être appliquée par pulvérisation ou chiffonnage sur le substrat verrier recouvert sur une de ses faces principales de la couche primaire de silice.
- Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le greffage de trialcoxy-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane et/ou de trichloro-(alkyle en C8-C16)-silane est mis en œuvre après au moins 5 minutes de séchage de la couche primaire de silice à température ambiante.
- Substrat verrier hydrophobe obtenu par le procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant un substrat verrier transparent, couvert, sur une de ces faces principales, d’une couche primaire de silice, ladite couche primaire de silice étant greffée de groupes (alkyle linéaire en C8-C16)-silyle, dans lequel l’alkyle linéaire en C8-C16 présente une formule CH3(CH2)n, où n=7-15.
- Substrat verrier hydrophobe selon la revendication 13, dans lequel n est compris entre 7 et 11, bornes incluses, de préférence dans lequel n=9
- Substrat verrier hydrophobe selon l’une des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé par le fait que la couche primaire en silice a une épaisseur comprise entre 5 nm et 250 nm, de préférence entre 10 nm et 100 nm, en particulier entre 15 nm et 75 nm.
- Substrat verrier hydrophobe selon l’une des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé par le fait qu’il s’agit d’un vitrage latéral automobile.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020257018860A KR20250114325A (ko) | 2022-11-25 | 2023-11-22 | 유리 기판을 소수화하기 위한 방법 |
| EP23809612.7A EP4622932A1 (fr) | 2022-11-25 | 2023-11-22 | Procede d'hydrophobisation d'un substrat en verre |
| CN202380080933.3A CN120265592A (zh) | 2022-11-25 | 2023-11-22 | 疏水化玻璃基材的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2212350 | 2022-11-25 | ||
| FR2212350A FR3142384B1 (fr) | 2022-11-25 | 2022-11-25 | Procédé d’hydrophobisation d’un substrat en verre |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024110517A1 true WO2024110517A1 (fr) | 2024-05-30 |
Family
ID=85792117
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/082657 Ceased WO2024110517A1 (fr) | 2022-11-25 | 2023-11-22 | Procede d'hydrophobisation d'un substrat en verre |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4622932A1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250114325A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120265592A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3142384B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024110517A1 (fr) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0826774A (ja) * | 1994-07-07 | 1996-01-30 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 撥水性物品の製造方法 |
| US20090075092A1 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-19 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Method of making an antireflective silica coating, resulting product, and photovoltaic device comprising same |
| US20100304086A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Alain Robert Emile Carre | Super non-wetting, anti-fingerprinting coatings for glass |
| US8822018B2 (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2014-09-02 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Hydrophobic substrate including a plasma-activated silicon oxycarbide primer |
| CN114164499A (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-11 | 电子科技大学 | 一种抗冷凝失效的铠甲化超疏水表面及其制备方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-25 FR FR2212350A patent/FR3142384B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-11-22 EP EP23809612.7A patent/EP4622932A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-11-22 CN CN202380080933.3A patent/CN120265592A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-22 KR KR1020257018860A patent/KR20250114325A/ko active Pending
- 2023-11-22 WO PCT/EP2023/082657 patent/WO2024110517A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0826774A (ja) * | 1994-07-07 | 1996-01-30 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 撥水性物品の製造方法 |
| US20090075092A1 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-19 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Method of making an antireflective silica coating, resulting product, and photovoltaic device comprising same |
| US8822018B2 (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2014-09-02 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Hydrophobic substrate including a plasma-activated silicon oxycarbide primer |
| US20100304086A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-12-02 | Alain Robert Emile Carre | Super non-wetting, anti-fingerprinting coatings for glass |
| CN114164499A (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-11 | 电子科技大学 | 一种抗冷凝失效的铠甲化超疏水表面及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3142384A1 (fr) | 2024-05-31 |
| FR3142384B1 (fr) | 2025-03-21 |
| CN120265592A (zh) | 2025-07-04 |
| KR20250114325A (ko) | 2025-07-29 |
| EP4622932A1 (fr) | 2025-10-01 |
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