WO2024101345A1 - 異常タンパク質の凝集体蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療剤 - Google Patents
異常タンパク質の凝集体蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an agent for suppressing the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, particularly an agent for preventing or treating frontotemporal lobar degeneration, which contains an RGMa inhibitor.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Misfolded protein aggregates can also spread between adjacent cells and to distant areas of the brain via cerebrospinal fluid, causing the aggregation lesions to spread.
- Ubiquitin is one of the tags for misfolded proteins, and harmful protein aggregates that cause neurodegeneration (such as aggregates of TDP-43, Tau, ⁇ -Synuclein, and SOD1) are also ubiquitinated (Non-Patent Document 1). Detection of ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates and inclusions in autopsies of patient brains has been reported in various neurodegenerative diseases (Non-Patent Document 3).
- Frontotemporal Dementia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases that cause significant behavioral abnormalities, psychiatric symptoms, and language disorders due to progressive and localized neurodegeneration and atrophy of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain (Non-Patent Document 4).
- FTD is broadly divided into behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), nonfluent-variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA; progressive nonfluent aphasia, PNFA), and semantic-variant PPA (svPPA; semantic dementia, SD) (Non-Patent Document 4).
- FTD-MND accompanied by motor neuron disease
- bvFTD is the most common subtype, accounting for approximately 50% of FTD cases. It typically affects adults under the age of 65 and is characterized by severe impairment of behavior, personality, and cognition.
- FTD is a frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in which specific proteins aggregate and accumulate in inclusion bodies in neurons and glial cells.
- Tau protein, transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) protein, and fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein have been identified as the main components of inclusion bodies, and are used as a pathological classification (Non-Patent Document 5).
- a group in which tau protein is found among the proteins accumulated in intracellular inclusion bodies is classified as FTLD-tau. It is known that tau protein accumulated in the brains of FTLD-tau patients undergoes various post-translational modifications such as hyperphosphorylation, fragmentation, and ubiquitination (Non-Patent Document 6).
- Non-Patent Document 5 A clinical-pathological correlation report has shown that more than half of clinically diagnosed bvFTD cases are FTLD-TDP, approximately 70% of nfvPPA (PNFA) cases are FTLD-tau, and approximately 80% of svPPA (SD) cases are FTLD-TDP (Non-Patent Document 7). If the clinical diagnosis is FTD, there is a very high possibility that the underlying pathology has ubiquitinated protein aggregates.
- PNFA nfvPPA
- SD svPPA
- RGM (repulsive guidance molecule) is a membrane protein that was initially identified as an axon guidance molecule in the visual system (Non-Patent Document 8).
- the RGM family includes three members called RGMa, RGMb, and RGMc (Non-Patent Document 9), and it is known that at least RGMa and RGMb act in the same signal transduction mechanism (Non-Patent Document 10).
- RGMc plays an important role in iron metabolism. Subsequent research has revealed that RGM has functions such as axon guidance and lamina formation in Xenopus and chicken embryos, and control of closure of the cranial neural tube in mouse embryos (Non-Patent Document 11).
- Patent Document 1 discloses an axon regeneration promoter containing an anti-RGM neutralizing antibody as an active ingredient.
- RGMa is believed to be an inhibitor of axonal regeneration after central nervous system injury because it is re-expressed after central nervous system injury in adult humans and rats, and RGMa inhibition enhances axonal growth and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats (Non-Patent Document 12).
- Specific antibodies that neutralize RGMa are described in, for example, Patent Document 2 (e.g., 5F9, 8D1), Patent Document 3 (e.g., AE12-1, AE12-1Y), and Patent Document 4 (e.g., r116A3, r70E4, r116A3C, rH116A3).
- Patent Document 2 e.g., 5F9, 8D1
- Patent Document 3 e.g., AE12-1, AE12-1Y
- Patent Document 4 e.g., r116A3, r70E4, r116A3C, rH116A3
- Repulsive guidance molecule b inhibits neurite growth and is increased after spinal cord injury. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 382, 795-800 (2009) Yamashita, T., Mueller, B.K. & Hata, K. Neogenin and repulsive guidance molecule signaling in the central nervous system. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol.17, 29-34 (2007) Hata, K. et al. RGMa inhibition promotes axonal growth and recovery after spinal cord injury. J. Cell Biol. 173, 47-58 (2006)
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a drug that has the effect of inhibiting the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates and is effective against diseases involving the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates.
- RGMa inhibitors in particular anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies, have the effect of suppressing the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates and are expected to be effective in treating diseases involving the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, and thus completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- An agent for suppressing the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates comprising an RGMa inhibitor as an active ingredient.
- An inhibitor of the uptake of abnormal proteins into nerve cells which contains an RGMa inhibitor as an active ingredient.
- the agent according to 1 or 2 above, wherein the agent for suppressing accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates or the inhibitor of uptake of abnormal proteins into nerve cells is an agent for preventing or treating a disease associated with accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates. 4.
- the disease associated with accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates is a disease selected from spinocerebellar degeneration, spinocerebellar ataxia, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, fragile X syndrome, fragile XE syndrome, myotonic dystrophy (type 1), fatal insomnia, frontotemporal dementia or frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Pick's disease, primary progressive aphasia, primary progressive non-fluent aphasia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain dementia, glial cell spheroid inclusion tauopathy, and dementia with Lewy bodies.
- a disease selected from spinocerebellar degeneration, spinocerebellar ataxia, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy,
- the disease associated with accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates is frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
- FTD frontotemporal dementia
- FTLD frontotemporal lobar degeneration
- the RGMa inhibitor is an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody is a humanized antibody.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody is an antibody that recognizes an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, and SEQ ID NO: 39.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody is one of the following (a) to (l): (a) an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:9, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:10; (b) an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:
- a method for preventing or treating a disease associated with the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates comprising administering an effective amount of an RGMa inhibitor to a mammal in need of treatment.
- 11. The method for prevention or treatment according to 10 above, wherein the RGMa inhibitor is an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody.
- 12. Use of an RGMa inhibitor for the manufacture of an agent for the prevention or treatment of a disease involving the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates.
- 13. The use according to 12 above, wherein the RGMa inhibitor is an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody.
- an RGMa inhibitor particularly an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, has an effect of inhibiting the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates or the uptake of abnormal proteins into nerve cells, and is useful as a preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases involving the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, such as spinocerebellar degeneration, spinocerebellar ataxia, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, fragile X syndrome, fragile XE syndrome, myotonic dystrophy (type 1), fatal insomnia, frontotemporal dementia or frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Pick's disease, primary progressive aphasia, primary progressive non-fluent aphasia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain dementia, glial cell globular inclusion tauopathy, or dementia with Lewy bodies.
- abnormal protein aggregates such as spinocerebellar degeneration, spin
- Figure 1 shows immunostaining images (photographs in place of drawings) and diagrams showing that anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody (Anti-RGMa Ab; hereafter, the terms in the drawings are synonymous) preserves the number of motor neurons with normal morphology in mSOD1 mice.
- A Representative images of motor neurons in the spinal cord of mSOD1 mice detected by Nissl staining. The number of anterior horn cells in mSOD1 mice administered with control antibody (Control Ab; hereafter, the terms in the drawings are synonymous) was smaller than that in mSOD1 mice administered with anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, and it was observed that the anterior horn cells in the mSOD1 mice administered with control antibody were atrophied.
- Figure 4(B) shows that RGMa enhances the entry of mutant SOD1 protein into cells in primary rat cortical neurons.
- FITC-positive cells were selected using immunostained images depicting SOD1 protein with FITC-conjugated anti-FLAG antibody, and the average signal intensity was quantitatively analyzed. A total of 36 cells selected from three wells for each condition were quantified. Mean values ⁇ standard error are shown with individual plots for each cell.
- Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test.
- FIG. 5 shows that cellular entry of mutant SOD1 protein enhanced by RGMa is inhibited by anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody in primary rat cortical neurons.
- FITC-positive cells were selected using immunostaining images in which SOD1 protein was visualized using FITC-conjugated anti-FLAG antibody, and the average signal intensity was quantitatively analyzed. A total of 36 cells selected from three wells for each condition were quantified. Values are shown as mean ⁇ standard error with individual plots for each cell. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test.
- FIG 6 shows that RGMa enhances the entry of dextran into cells in primary rat cortical neurons, which is inhibited by anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies.
- a total of 36 cells were selected from three wells for each condition, and the mean fluorescence intensity, which indicates the uptake of dextran into cells, was quantitatively analyzed. The values are shown as mean ⁇ standard error with individual plots for each cell. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test.
- Figure 7 shows that RGMa enhances the entry of human Tau protein into cells in primary rat cortical neurons and is inhibited by anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody.
- Statistical analysis was performed using Welch's t-test. 9 shows that RGMa concentrations are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of FTD patients.
- ANCOVA was used for statistical analysis.
- ND indicates non-neurodegenerative disease patients
- OND indicates other neurodegenerative disease patients.
- neutralization refers to the ability to bind to a target of interest and inhibit any of the functions of that target.
- an RGMa inhibitor is a substance that inhibits the biological activity of RGMa as a result of binding to RGMa.
- an epitope includes a polypeptide determinant capable of specific binding to an immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor.
- an epitope includes a chemically active surface grouping of a molecule (e.g., amino acids, sugar side chains, phosphoryl or sulfonyl) and in certain embodiments may have specific three-dimensional structural characteristics and/or specific charge characteristics.
- An epitope is the region of an antigen that is bound by an antibody.
- isolated in reference to an isolated RGMa inhibitor (e.g., an antibody, etc.) means that it has been identified and separated and/or recovered from components in the natural state. Impurities in the natural state are substances that may interfere with the diagnostic or therapeutic use of the antibody, and include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous solutes.
- an RGMa inhibitor purified by at least one purification step can be referred to as an "isolated RGMa inhibitor.”
- an antibody broadly refers to an immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule consisting of four polypeptide chains, two heavy chains (H chains) and two light chains (L chains), which substantially retain the epitope-binding property of an Ig molecule.
- Ig immunoglobulin
- human antibodies refers to an antibody in which both the light chain and the heavy chain are derived from human immunoglobulin.
- human antibodies include IgG (including IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) having a ⁇ heavy chain, IgM having a ⁇ heavy chain, IgA (including IgA1 and IgA2) having an ⁇ heavy chain, IgD having a ⁇ heavy chain, or IgE having an ⁇ heavy chain.
- the light chain includes either a ⁇ chain or a ⁇ chain.
- a humanized antibody refers to an antibody that is composed of a variable region consisting of a complementarity determining region of an antibody derived from a non-human animal and a framework region derived from a human antibody, and a constant region derived from a human antibody.
- a chimeric antibody refers to an antibody in which the light chain, the heavy chain, or both, are composed of a variable region of non-human origin and a constant region of human origin.
- a monospecific antibody is an antibody that has a single antigen specificity and has a single independent antigen recognition site.
- a monospecific antibody that recognizes RGMa may be referred to as an RGMa monospecific antibody in the present specification.
- a multispecific antibody refers to an antibody that has two or more independent antigen recognition sites having two or more different antigen specificities, and examples of such an antibody include a bispecific antibody having two antigen specificities and a trispecific antibody having three antigen specificities.
- Complementarity determining region refers to the region of the variable region of an immunoglobulin molecule that forms an antigen binding site, also called hypervariable region, and refers to the part in which the amino acid sequence varies greatly from one immunoglobulin molecule to another.
- the CDRs of an immunoglobulin molecule are determined according to the Kabat numbering system (Kabat et al., 1987 and 1991, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, USA). In this specification, CDR sequences defined according to the Kabat numbering system are used unless otherwise stated. In addition, the CDR sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 5 to 15 are defined according to the numbering system of IMGT (Lefranc M. -P., Immunology Today 18,509 (1997); Lefranc M.
- An effective amount refers to an amount of a prophylactic or therapeutic agent sufficient to reduce or ameliorate the severity and/or duration of a disorder or one or more symptoms thereof, prevent the progression of a disorder, reverse a disorder, prevent the recurrence, occurrence, onset or progression of one or more symptoms associated with a disorder, detect a disorder, or enhance or improve one or more prophylactic or therapeutic effects of another treatment (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent).
- Percent (%) identity of an amino acid sequence of a candidate polypeptide sequence such as a variable region, with respect to an amino acid sequence of a reference polypeptide sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in the candidate sequence that are identical to the amino acid residues of a particular reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences, introducing gaps, if necessary, to obtain the maximum percent identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent identity can be achieved by a variety of methods within the skill of the art, such as using publicly available computer software, such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, or Megalign (DNASTAR) software.
- percent identity values are obtained by using the sequence comparison computer program BLAST in pairwise alignments.
- percent identity of a given amino acid sequence A with a given amino acid sequence B is calculated as follows: 100 times the fraction X/Y, where X is the number of amino acid residues scored as identical by the sequence alignment program BLAST program alignment of A and B, and Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B.
- Conservative substitution means replacing an amino acid residue with another chemically similar amino acid residue without substantially altering the activity of the peptide.
- a hydrophobic residue may be replaced with another hydrophobic residue
- a polar residue may be replaced with another polar residue with the same charge, etc.
- Examples of functionally similar amino acids that can be substituted in this way include non-polar (hydrophobic) amino acids such as alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and methionine.
- Polar (neutral) amino acids include glycine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, glutamine, asparagine, and cysteine.
- Positively charged (basic) amino acids include arginine, histidine, and lysine.
- Negatively charged (acidic) amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
- Treatment includes any treatment of a disease in a subject, preferably a mammal, especially a human, including arresting the progression of diseases and conditions, eliminating, curing, reducing or alleviating such diseases and conditions.
- prevention includes preventing or suppressing the onset of the above-mentioned disease in a subject to be treated, preferably a mammal, particularly a human. Furthermore, “prevention” in the present invention also includes “prevention of recurrence” which prevents the recurrence of the above-mentioned disease which repeats remission and recurrence in a subject to be treated, preferably a mammal, particularly a human.
- the present invention has a novel use of an RGMa inhibitor, which has the effect of inhibiting the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, and provides a preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases associated with the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates.
- the present invention also provides a method for preventing or treating a disease associated with the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of treatment a preventive or therapeutic agent containing an effective amount of an RGMa inhibitor.
- the RGMa inhibitor of the present invention may be any substance that acts on RGMa itself and inhibits or attenuates the activity of RGMa (hereinafter, in this specification, may be simply referred to as "RGMa activity").
- RGMa activity a substance that has the activity of binding to RGMa and directly inhibiting (attenuating) RGMa activity, or the activity of inhibiting the binding of RGMa to a receptor and indirectly inhibiting (attenuating) RGMa activity (e.g., the compounds and antibodies described below) is referred to as the RGMa inhibitor of the present invention.
- the RGMa inhibitor of the present invention may be a substance that suppresses the expression of RGMa, and for example, substances that inhibit the expression of RGMa and inhibit (attenuate) RGMa activity (e.g., the nucleic acid molecules described below) are also included in the RGMa inhibitor of the present invention.
- RGMa has been identified as a neurite outgrowth inhibitor in the central nervous system, and human RGMa protein is biosynthesized as a precursor protein consisting of 450 amino acids as shown in SEQ ID NO:1.
- the signal peptide Met1-Pro47 (referring to the peptide from the first methionine residue from the N-terminus to the 47th proline residue, hereafter the same) present at the N-terminus is removed, and the peptide bond between Asp168 and Pro169 is cleaved to generate the N-terminal domain, and the C-terminal peptide Ala425-Cys450 of the fragment on the C-terminus side of Pro169 is removed, and a GPI anchor is added to the C-terminal carboxyl group of Ala424, which has become the C-terminus, to generate the C-terminal domain.
- Human RGMa protein is expressed on the cell membrane via a GPI anchor as a mature protein in which the N-terminal domain (Cys48-Asp168) and the C-terminal domain (Pro169-Ala424) are linked by disulfide bonds.
- RGMa may be derived from any animal, but is preferably human RGMa.
- the precursor protein of human RGMa consists of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing.
- the precursor protein of mouse RGMa consists of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing, and the precursor protein of rat RGMa consists of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 in the sequence listing, but since the C-terminal peptide is removed, the mature proteins have the same amino acid sequence.
- the RGMa gene includes, but is not limited to, the human RGMa gene having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
- the base sequences of RGM genes derived from various organisms can be easily obtained from known databases (GenBank, etc.).
- RGMa inhibitors of the present invention include low molecular weight compounds, anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies, functionally modified antibodies thereof, conjugated antibodies thereof, or antigen-binding fragments thereof, as well as RGMa nucleic acid molecules such as siRNA (short interfering RNA), shRNA (short hairpin RNA), or antisense oligonucleotides.
- RGMa nucleic acid molecules such as siRNA (short interfering RNA), shRNA (short hairpin RNA), or antisense oligonucleotides.
- anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies preferred are anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies, functionally modified antibodies thereof, conjugated antibodies thereof, and antigen-binding fragments thereof, more preferred are anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, with anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies being particularly preferred.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody may be any antibody that binds to RGMa and neutralizes RGMa activity, and may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody. In the present invention, a monoclonal antibody is preferred.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention may be an RGMa monospecific antibody or a multispecific antibody that recognizes multiple RGMa and other antigens, but is preferably an RGMa monospecific antibody.
- Specific epitopes in human RGMa are preferably one or more of SEQ ID NO:16 (amino acid numbers 47-69 of SEQ ID NO:1), SEQ ID NO:36 (amino acid numbers 298-311 of SEQ ID NO:1), SEQ ID NO:37 (amino acid numbers 322-335 of SEQ ID NO:1), SEQ ID NO:38 (amino acid numbers 349-359 of SEQ ID NO:1), and SEQ ID NO:39 (amino acid numbers 367-377 of SEQ ID NO:1), more preferably the combination of SEQ ID NO:36 and 37, and particularly preferably the combination of SEQ ID NO:36, 37, and 39.
- SEQ ID NO:16 amino acid numbers 47-69 of SEQ ID NO:1
- SEQ ID NO:36 amino acid numbers 298-311 of SEQ ID NO:1
- SEQ ID NO:37 amino acid numbers 322-335 of SEQ ID NO:1
- SEQ ID NO:38 amino acid numbers 349-359 of SEQ
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies of the present invention include polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies obtained by immunizing a mammal such as a mouse with an antigen, the RGMa protein or a partial fragment thereof (for example, the epitope fragment described above), chimeric and humanized antibodies produced using recombinant gene technology, and human antibodies produced using transgenic animals producing human antibodies.
- a mammal such as a mouse
- an antigen for example, the epitope fragment described above
- chimeric and humanized antibodies produced using recombinant gene technology for example, the epitope fragment described above
- human antibodies produced using transgenic animals producing human antibodies transgenic animals producing human antibodies.
- anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies of the present invention include the following antibodies (a) to (l), and the methods described in Patent Documents 2 to 4 can be used for producing each of them.
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22;
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28;
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 31, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody further includes an antibody having an epitope of SEQ ID NO: 16
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 35, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody further includes an antibody having SEQ ID NO: 16 as an epitope
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody further includes an antibody having an epitope of SEQ ID NO: 16
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody further includes an antibody having SEQ ID NO: 16 as an epitope
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody further includes an antibody having an epitope of SEQ ID NO: 16
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 43, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody further includes an antibody having an epitope of SEQ ID NO: 16
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 44, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 (the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody further includes an antibody having SEQ ID NO: 16 as an epitope); and SEQ ID NO: 29: TGTSSSVGDSIYVS SEQ ID NO: 30: DVTKRPS SEQ ID NO:44: ISYAGTDTL SEQ ID NO: 32: SHGIS SEQ ID NO: 33: WISPYSGNTNYAQKLQG SEQ ID NO: 34
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising an LCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 29, an LCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, and an LCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 45, and a heavy chain variable region comprising an HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, and an HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody further includes an antibody having an epitope of SEQ ID NO: 16
- examples of the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention include the antibodies described in WO2016/175236, WO2009/106356, and WO2013/112922, and the antibodies described in these publications are also included in the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention.
- examples of the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention include antibodies selected from the following (a') to (i').
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 46 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47;
- SEQ ID NO: 46 DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQDISSYLNWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYYTSRLHSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFASYFCQQLNTLPWTFGGGTKVEME
- SEQ ID NO: 47 EVQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCTASGFTFSDAWMDWVRQAPGKGLEWVAEIRSKANNHATYYAESVKGRFTISRDDSKSIVYLQMNSLRTEDTALYYCTRRDGAYWGKGTTVTVSS
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49;
- SEQ ID NO:48 DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQDISSYLNWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYYTSRLHSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFASYFCQQLNTLPWTFGGGTKVEMERTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
- SEQ ID NO:49 EVQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCTASGFTFSDAWMDWVRQAPGKGLEWVAEIRSKANNHATYYAESVKGRFTISRDDSKSIVYLQMNSLRTEDTALYYCTRRDGAYWGKG
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 50 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 51;
- SEQ ID NO:50 DVVMTQTPLSLPVSLGDQASISCRSSQSLVHSNGNTYLHWYLQRPGQSPKLLIYKVSNRFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEAEDLGLYFCSQSTHVPYTFGGGTKLEIK
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52 and a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 53;
- SEQ ID NO:52 DVVMTQTPLSLPVSLGDQASISCRSSQSLVHSNGNTYLHWYLQRPGQSPKLLIYKVSNRFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEAEDLGLYFCSQSTHVPYTFGGGTKLEIKRADAAPTVSIFPPSSEQLTSGGASVVCFLNNFYPKDINVKWKIDGSERQNGVLNSWTDQDSKDSTYSMSSTLTLTKDEYERHNSYTCEATHKTSTSPIVKSFNRNEC
- SEQ ID NO:53 DVKLQESGPGLVKPSQSLSLTCSVTGYSITTSYYWNWIRQFPGNKLEWMGYISYDGTNNYNPSLKNRISITRDTSKNQFFLRLNSVTTEDTA
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 54 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 55;
- SEQ ID NO:54 DVVLTQTPVSLSVTLGDQASMSCRSSQSLEYSDGYTFLEWFLQKPGQSPQLLIYEVSNRFSGVPDRFIGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEDLGVYYCFQATHDPLTFGSGTKLEIKR
- SEQ ID NO:55 EVQLVESGGGLVQPGSSLKLSCVASGFTFSNYGMNWIRQAPKKGLEWIGMIYYDSSEKHYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLEMNSLRSEDTAIYYCAKGTTPDYWGQGVMVTVSS
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57;
- SEQ ID NO:56 DIQMTQSPASLSASLEEIVTITCQASQDIDNYLAWYHQKPGKSPRLLIYGATNLADGVPSRFSGSRSGTQFSLKINRLQIEDLGIYYCLQGYIPPRTFGGGTKLELKR
- SEQ ID NO:57 EVQLQQSGPELVKPGTSVKMSCKTSGYTFTSYVMHWVKQKPGQGLEWIGYIIPYNDNTKYNEKFKGKATLTSDKSSSTAYMELSSLTSEDSAVYYCARRNEYYGSSFFDYWGQGTTLTVSS
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region (lambda chain) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59;
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59; and SEQ ID NO: 60: QSALTQPRSVSGSPGQSVTISCTGTSSSVGDSIYVSWYQQHPGKAPKLMLYDVTKRPSGVPDRFSGSKSGNTASLTISGLQAEDEADYYCYSYAGTDTLFGGGTKVTVL SEQ ID NO:59: EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSHGISWVRQAPGQGLDWMGWISPYSGNTNYAQKLQGRVTMTTDTSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCAR VGSGPYYYMDVWGQGTLVTVSS
- SEQ ID NO: 61 QSALTQPRSVSGSPGQSVTISCTGTSSSVGDSIYVSWYQQHPGKAPKLMLYDVTKRPSGVPDRFSGSSKSGNTASLTISGLQAEDEADYYCYSYAGTDTLFGGGTKVTVLGQPKAAPSVTLFPPSSEELQANKATLVCLISDFYPGAVTVAWKADSSPVKAGVETTTPSKQSNNKYAASSYLSLTPEQWKSHRSYSCQVTHEGSTVEKTVAPTECS SEQ ID NO: 62: EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSHGISWVRQAPGQGLDWMGWISPYSGNTNYAQKLQGRVTMTTDTSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARVGS
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention can be produced by a commonly used existing production method.
- the antigen may be used for immunization as is, or may be used as a complex with a carrier protein.
- Condensing agents such as glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, and maleimide active ester can be used to prepare the complex of the antigen and carrier protein.
- carrier proteins include bovine serum albumin, thyroglobulin, hemocyanin, and KLH.
- Mammals to be immunized include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, goats, horses, and cows, and inoculation methods include subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal administration.
- the vaccine may be administered by mixing with complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and is usually administered once every 2 to 5 weeks.
- Antibody-producing cells obtained from the spleen or lymph nodes of immunized animals are fused with myeloma cells and isolated as hybridomas. Myeloma cells derived from mammals, such as mice, rats, and humans, are used.
- Polyclonal antibodies can be obtained, for example, by immunizing a mammal as described above with the antigen, optionally together with Freund's adjuvant, and from the serum obtained from the immunized animal.
- monoclonal antibodies can be obtained as follows. That is, the above-mentioned antigen is used as an immunogen, and the immunogen, together with Freund's adjuvant as necessary, is injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, into the footpad, or intraperitoneally into the above-mentioned mammal once or several times, or is implanted therein, to immunize the mammal. Usually, immunization is performed once to four times at intervals of about 1 to 14 days from the first immunization, and antibody-producing cells are obtained from the immunized mammal about 1 to 5 days after the final immunization.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be obtained using methods well known to those skilled in the art (e.g., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons (1987); Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Ed. Harlow and David Lane, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1988)).
- Hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies can be prepared according to the method of Köhler and Milstein et al. (Nature, 256, 495, 1975) or a modification method similar thereto. That is, they are prepared by cell fusion of antibody-producing cells contained in the spleen, etc. obtained from an immunized mammal, with myeloma cells from a mammal, preferably a mouse, rat or human, that are not capable of producing autoantibodies.
- Myeloma cells that can be used for cell fusion include, for example, mouse-derived myeloma P3/X63-AG8.653 (653), P3/NSI/1-Ag4-1 (NS-1), P3/X63-Ag8. U1 (P3U1), SP2/0-Ag14 (Sp2/O, Sp2), PAI, F0, or BW5147, rat-derived myeloma 210RCY3-Ag. 2.3, human-derived myeloma U-266AR1, GM1500-6TG-A1-2, UC729-6, CEM-AGR, D1R11, or CEM-T15.
- fusion promoters include polyethylene glycol, and cell fusion can be achieved by reacting for approximately 1 to 10 minutes using polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight 1000 to 4000) at a concentration of approximately 20 to 50%, at a temperature of 20 to 40°C, preferably 30 to 37°C, at a ratio of antibody-producing cells to myeloma cells of approximately 1:1 to 10:1.
- polyethylene glycol average molecular weight 1000 to 4000
- cell fusion can be achieved by reacting for approximately 1 to 10 minutes using polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight 1000 to 4000) at a concentration of approximately 20 to 50%, at a temperature of 20 to 40°C, preferably 30 to 37°C, at a ratio of antibody-producing cells to myeloma cells of approximately 1:1 to 10:1.
- Hybridoma clones that produce monoclonal antibodies can be screened by culturing the hybridomas, for example, in a microtiter plate and measuring the reactivity of the culture supernatant in the wells to the immunogen by an immunochemical method such as ELISA.
- Hybridoma selection and breeding are usually performed in animal cell medium containing 10-20% fetal bovine serum with the addition of HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine).
- Monoclonal antibodies can be produced from hybridomas by culturing the hybridomas in vitro or by growing them in vivo, such as in ascites of a mammal such as a mouse or rat, and isolating the antibodies from the resulting culture supernatant or from the ascites of the mammal.
- the nutrient medium may be a known nutrient medium or a nutrient medium prepared from a basal medium.
- Basic media include, for example, low-calcium media such as Ham'F12 medium, MCDB153 medium, or low-calcium MEM medium, and high-calcium media such as MCDB104 medium, MEM medium, D-MEM medium, RPMI1640 medium, ASF104 medium, or RD medium.
- the basic media can contain, for example, serum, hormones, cytokines, and/or various inorganic or organic substances, depending on the purpose.
- Isolation and purification of monoclonal antibodies can be performed by subjecting the above-mentioned culture supernatant or ascites to saturated ammonium sulfate, the euglobulin precipitation method, the caproic acid method, the caprylic acid method, ion exchange chromatography (DEAE or DE52, etc.), affinity column chromatography such as an anti-immunoglobulin column or a protein A column, etc.
- purification of monoclonal antibodies can be achieved by using known methods for purifying immunoglobulins, for example, ammonium sulfate fractionation, PEG fractionation, ethanol fractionation, the use of an anion exchanger, and affinity chromatography using RGMa protein, etc.
- Monoclonal antibodies can also be obtained by the phage display method.
- phages selected from any phage antibody library are screened using the target immunogen, and phages with the desired binding affinity to the immunogen are selected.
- the antibody-corresponding sequence contained in the phage is isolated or sequenced, and an expression vector containing a nucleic acid molecule encoding an antibody or antigen-binding domain is constructed based on the isolated sequence or the sequence information determined.
- a cell line transfected with such an expression vector is cultured to produce a monoclonal antibody.
- human antibody library as the phage antibody library, human antibodies with the desired binding affinity can be generated.
- the nucleic acid molecule encoding the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody or its antigen-binding fragment of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by the following method. First, total RNA is prepared from cells such as hybridomas using a commercially available RNA extraction kit, and cDNA is synthesized by reverse transcriptase using random primers or the like. Next, cDNA encoding the antibody is amplified by PCR using oligonucleotides of sequences conserved in the variable regions of known human antibody heavy chain genes and light chain genes as primers. The sequence encoding the constant region can be obtained by amplifying a known sequence by PCR.
- the base sequence of the DNA can be determined by a conventional method, such as by incorporating it into a plasmid for sequencing.
- DNA encoding the monoclonal antibody of the present invention can be obtained by chemically synthesizing the sequence of the variable region or a portion thereof and linking it to a sequence containing the constant region.
- the nucleic acid molecule may encode all of the heavy and light chain constant and variable regions, or may encode only the heavy and light chain variable regions.
- the base sequences of the heavy and light chain constant regions are preferably those described in Nucleic Acids Research vol.14, p1779, 1986, The Journal of Biological Chemistry vol.257, p1516, 1982, and Cell vol.22, p197, 1980.
- the functionally modified anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody is prepared by the following method. For example, when the present anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody is produced using CHO cells in which the ⁇ 1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) gene has been destroyed as a host cell, an antibody with a reduced fucose content in the sugar chain and enhanced cell killing function is obtained, and when the antibody is produced using CHO cells in which the FUT8 gene has been introduced as a host cell, an antibody with a reduced cell killing function is obtained (WO 2005/035586, WO 2002/31140, WO 00/61739).
- the complement activation function can be regulated by modifying the amino acid residues in the Fc region (U.S.
- the half-life in blood can be extended by using a mutant Fc region that enhances the binding to FcRn, one of the Fc receptors (Hashiguchi Shuhei et al., Seikagaku, 2010, Vol. 82(8), p. 710).
- These functionally modified antibodies can be produced by genetic engineering.
- the half-life in blood can be extended by using a mutant Fc region that enhances the binding to FcRn, one of the Fc receptors (Hashiguchi Shuhei et al., Seikagaku, 2010, Vol. 82(8), p. 710).
- These functionally modified antibodies can be produced by genetic engineering.
- a conjugate antibody can be used as a modified molecule of the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention.
- the conjugate antibody include a conjugate antibody obtained by chemically or genetically binding a functional molecule other than the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present application, such as a non-peptide polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), a radioactive substance, a toxin, a low molecular weight compound, a cytokine, a growth factor (TGF- ⁇ , NGF, Neurotrophin, etc.), albumin, an enzyme, or another antibody, to the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the PEG When PEG is attached as a functional molecule, the PEG can have a molecular weight of, but not limited to, 2,000 to 100,000 Da, more preferably 10,000 to 50,000 Da, and can be either linear or branched. PEG can be attached to the N-terminal amino group of an amino acid in an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, for example, by using an NHS active group.
- radioactive substance When a radioactive substance is used as the functional molecule, 131 I, 125 I, 90 Y, 64 Cu, 99 Tc, 77 Lu, 211 At, etc. are used.
- the radioactive substance can be directly bound to the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody by the chloramine T method or the like.
- bacterial toxins e.g., diphtheria toxin
- plant toxins e.g., ricin
- low molecular weight toxins e.g., geldanamycin
- maytansinoids calicheamicin, etc.
- examples include daunomycin, doxorubicin, metronexate, mitomycin, neocarzinostatin, vindesine, and fluorescent dyes such as FITC.
- luciferase e.g., firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase; U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,456
- malate dehydrogenase urease, peroxidase (e.g., horseradish peroxidase (HRPO)), alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -galactosidase, glucoamylase, lysozyme, saccharide oxidase (e.g., glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), heterocyclic oxidase (e.g., uricase and xanthine oxidase), lactoperoxidase, microperoxidase, etc.
- HRPO horseradish peroxidase
- alkaline phosphatase e.g., ⁇ -galactosidase
- glucoamylase
- Linkers used to chemically bind toxins, small molecules, or enzymes include divalent radicals (e.g., alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene), linkers represented by -( CR2 ) nO ( CR2 ) n- (R is any substituent, n is a positive integer), repeating units of alkoxy (e.g., polyethyleneoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy, etc.) and alkylamino (e.g., polyethyleneamino, Jeffamine (trademark)), as well as diacid esters and amides (including succinate, succinamide, diglycolate, malonate, caproamide, etc.).
- divalent radicals e.g., alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene
- alkoxy e.g., polyethyleneoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy
- an "antigen-binding fragment" of an antibody means a partial region of an antibody as described above that has antigen-binding ability, and specifically includes F(ab') 2 , Fab', Fab, Fv (variable fragment of antibody), disulfide-linked Fv, single-chain antibody (scFv), and polymers thereof.
- antigen-binding fragments include conjugate fragments to which functional molecules other than the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present application are chemically or genetically bound, such as non-peptide polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), radioactive substances, toxins, low molecular weight compounds, cytokines, growth factors (TGF- ⁇ , NGF, Neurotrophin, etc.), albumin, enzymes, and other antibodies.
- non-peptide polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), radioactive substances, toxins, low molecular weight compounds, cytokines, growth factors (TGF- ⁇ , NGF, Neurotrophin, etc.), albumin, enzymes, and other antibodies.
- F(ab') 2 " and "Fab” refer to antibody fragments produced by treating immunoglobulin with protease such as pepsin or papain, and digesting the antibody fragments before and after the disulfide bond between the two heavy chains in the hinge region.
- protease such as pepsin or papain
- IgG is treated with papain, it is cleaved upstream of the disulfide bond between the two heavy chains in the hinge region to produce two homologous antibody fragments in which a light chain consisting of VL (light chain variable region) and CL (light chain constant region) and a heavy chain fragment consisting of VH (heavy chain variable region) and CH ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ 1 region in the heavy chain constant region) are linked by a disulfide bond at the C-terminal region.
- VL light chain variable region
- CL light chain constant region
- VH heavy chain variable region
- CH ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 region in the heavy chain constant region
- Each of these two homologous antibody fragments is called Fab.
- IgG When IgG is treated with pepsin, it is cleaved downstream of the disulfide bond between the two heavy chains in the hinge region to produce an antibody fragment that is slightly larger than the one in which the two Fabs are linked by the hinge region. This antibody fragment is called F(ab') 2 .
- a preferred embodiment of the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention is a chimeric antibody.
- An example of a "chimeric antibody” is a chimeric antibody whose variable region is derived from the immunoglobulin of a non-human animal (mouse, rat, hamster, chicken, etc.) and whose constant region is derived from human immunoglobulin.
- a chimeric antibody can be produced by immunizing a mouse with an antigen, cutting out a variable region that binds to the antigen from the gene of the mouse monoclonal antibody, and combining it with an antibody constant region derived from human bone marrow.
- the constant region derived from human immunoglobulin has a unique amino acid sequence depending on the isotype, such as IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4), IgM, IgA (IgA1, IgA2), IgD, and IgE, but the constant region of the recombinant chimeric antibody of the present invention may be the constant region of human immunoglobulin belonging to any isotype. Preferably, it is the constant region of human IgG.
- An expression vector can be produced using the gene of the chimeric antibody produced in this way.
- a host cell is transformed with the expression vector to obtain a transformed cell producing a chimeric antibody, and the transformed cell is cultured to obtain the desired chimeric antibody from the culture supernatant.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention is a humanized antibody.
- the "humanized antibody” of the present invention is an antibody in which only the DNA sequence of the antigen-binding site (CDR; complementarity determining region) of a non-human animal antibody such as a mouse is grafted (CDR grafting) onto a human antibody gene.
- CDR antigen-binding site
- a non-human animal antibody such as a mouse
- CDR grafting grafted onto a human antibody gene.
- it can be prepared by referring to the methods described in JP-A-4-506458 and JP-A-2912618.
- a humanized antibody characterized in that a part or all of its CDRs are CDRs derived from a monoclonal antibody of a non-human mammal (mouse, rat, hamster, etc.), the framework region of its variable region is a framework region of the variable region derived from human immunoglobulin, and the constant region is a constant region derived from human immunoglobulin.
- the humanized antibody of the present invention can be produced, for example, as follows. However, it goes without saying that the production method is not limited to this.
- recombinant humanized antibodies derived from mouse monoclonal antibodies can be produced by genetic engineering with reference to JP-A-4-506458 and JP-A-62-296890. That is, DNA of the mouse heavy chain CDR portion and DNA of the mouse light chain CDR portion are isolated from a hybridoma that produces a mouse monoclonal antibody, and the entire region of the human heavy chain gene other than the human heavy chain CDR and the entire region of the human light chain gene other than the human light chain CDR are isolated from the human immunoglobulin gene.
- the human heavy chain gene with the isolated mouse heavy chain CDR DNA transplanted is introduced into an appropriate expression vector so that it can be expressed, and similarly, the human light chain gene with the mouse light chain CDR DNA transplanted is introduced into another appropriate expression vector so that it can be expressed.
- the human heavy chain and light chain genes with mouse CDRs transplanted can be introduced into the same expression vector so that they can be expressed.
- a humanized antibody-producing transformed cell is obtained by transforming a host cell with the expression vector prepared in this way, and the desired humanized antibody is obtained from the culture supernatant by culturing the transformed cell.
- a human antibody is an antibody in which all regions, including the heavy chain variable region, heavy chain constant region, and light chain variable region, light chain constant region, constituting an immunoglobulin, are immunoglobulins derived from a gene encoding human immunoglobulin, and can be produced by introducing a human antibody gene into a mouse.
- a transgenic animal produced by incorporating at least a human immunoglobulin gene into a gene locus of a mammal other than a human, such as a mouse can be produced in the same manner as the above-mentioned method for producing a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody by immunizing the animal with an antigen.
- transgenic mice producing human antibodies can be prepared according to the methods described in Nature Genetics, Vol. 7, p. 13-21, 1994; Nature Genetics, Vol. 15, p. 146-156, 1997; Published Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. H4-504365; Published Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. H7-509137; International Publication WO94/25585; Nature, Vol. 368, p. 856-859, 1994; and Published Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. H6-500233. More specifically, examples of such mice include HuMab (registered trademark) mice (Medarex, Princeton NJ), KM mice (Kirin Pharma Company, Japan), and KM (FC ⁇ RIIb-KO) mice.
- anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies of the present invention include those having a CDR containing a specific amino acid sequence in the heavy chain variable region and a CDR containing a specific amino acid sequence in the light chain variable region (preferably the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies (a) to (l) and (a') to (i') above).
- the amino acid sequence of the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody may include substitution, deletion, addition or insertion of one or several amino acids (1 to 20, 1 to 10 or 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2). Such substitution, deletion or addition may be introduced into the CDR, but is preferably introduced into a region other than the CDR. Furthermore, it is preferable that the amino acid substitution is a conservative substitution in order to maintain the properties of the present invention.
- the amino acid sequence of the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention (preferably the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies (a) to (l) and (a') to (i') above) containing substitutions, deletions, etc. in the amino acid sequence is, for example, an amino acid sequence in which the heavy chain variable region after amino acid sequence modification has a % identity of 90% or more (more preferably 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more) with the amino acid sequence before modification, and an amino acid sequence in which the light chain variable region after amino acid sequence modification has a % identity of 90% or more (more preferably 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more) with the amino acid sequence before modification.
- siRNA is a short double-stranded RNA capable of suppressing the expression of a target gene (RGMa gene in the present invention).
- the base sequence and length are not particularly limited, but are preferably less than about 30 bases, more preferably about 19 to 27 bases, and even more preferably about 21 to 25 bases.
- shRNA refers to a single-stranded RNA that contains a partially palindromic base sequence, forming a double-stranded structure within the molecule, and a molecule of about 20 base pairs or more consisting of a short hairpin structure with an overhang at the 3' end.
- shRNA After being introduced into a cell, such shRNA is degraded to a length of about 20 bases (typically, for example, 21 bases, 22 bases, or 23 bases) within the cell, and can suppress the expression of a target gene in the same way as siRNA.
- the above-mentioned siRNA and shRNA may be in any form as long as they are capable of suppressing the expression of the RGMa gene.
- siRNA or shRNA can be artificially chemically synthesized.
- Antisense and sense RNA can also be synthesized in vitro from template DNA using, for example, T7 RNA polymerase and T7 promoter.
- the antisense oligonucleotide may be either DNA or RNA, as long as it is a nucleotide that is complementary to or hybridizes with a continuous 5 to 100 base sequence in the DNA sequence of the RGMa gene. It may also be modified as long as it does not interfere with its function.
- Antisense oligonucleotides can be synthesized by conventional methods, for example, easily synthesized by a commercially available DNA synthesizer. Preferred sequences can be selected using conventional selection methods and, as siRNA or shRNA in the present invention, can be confirmed by assessing inhibition of expression of functional RGMa.
- the abnormal protein aggregate accumulation inhibitor refers to a drug or pharmaceutical composition that has the effect of inhibiting the aggregation of abnormal proteins (misfolded proteins or mutant proteins such as TDP-43, Tau, ⁇ -synuclein, and SOD1) and the accumulation of the aggregates in cells such as nerve cells.
- abnormal proteins misfolded proteins or mutant proteins such as TDP-43, Tau, ⁇ -synuclein, and SOD1
- Neurodegenerative diseases to be treated by the inhibitory effect of the present invention on the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates are diseases involving the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, specifically including spinocerebellar degeneration, spinocerebellar ataxia, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, fragile X syndrome, fragile XE syndrome, myotonic dystrophy (type 1), fatal insomnia, frontotemporal dementia or frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Pick's disease, primary progressive aphasia, primary progressive non-fluent aphasia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain dementia, glial cell globular inclusion tauopathy, or dementia with Lewy bodies. Of these, preferred is frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
- FDD frontotemporal dementia
- FTLD frontotemporal
- the inhibitor of abnormal protein uptake into nerve cells means a drug or pharmaceutical composition having an effect of inhibiting the uptake of abnormal protein (same meaning as above) outside nerve cells into nerve cells.
- abnormal protein taken up into nerve cells accumulates as aggregates in the cells, causing neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, by inhibiting the uptake of abnormal protein, accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates in nerve cells can be suppressed.
- neurodegenerative diseases to be treated by the inhibitory effect of abnormal protein uptake into nerve cells include diseases associated with the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates as described above, and among them, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are preferable.
- FDD frontotemporal dementia
- FTLD frontotemporal lobar degeneration
- RGMa induces the dephosphorylation of cofilin and promotes the depolymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin) to globular actin (G-actin, also called monomeric actin), thereby increasing the uptake of abnormal proteins (such as Tau) from outside the nerve cell into the cell.
- the RGMa inhibitor of the present invention particularly the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, has the effect of suppressing the depolymerization of filamentous actin to globular actin.
- the RGMa inhibitor of the present invention, particularly the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody has the effect of inhibiting the uptake of abnormal proteins increased by RGMa into nerve cells by changing such actin dynamics.
- the RGMa inhibitor of the present invention exhibits an effect of suppressing the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, and can be a preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases involving the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates.
- the present invention includes an abnormal protein aggregate accumulation inhibitor containing an RGMa inhibitor, particularly an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also includes an inhibitor of abnormal protein uptake into nerve cells, containing an RGMa inhibitor, particularly an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also includes an inhibitor of depolymerization of filamentous actin to globular actin (preferably an inhibitor of depolymerization of filamentous actin to globular actin in nerve cells), containing an RGMa inhibitor, particularly an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, as an active ingredient.
- an inhibitor of depolymerization of filamentous actin to globular actin preferably an inhibitor of depolymerization of filamentous actin to globular actin in nerve cells
- an RGMa inhibitor particularly an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody
- the disease associated with accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates is synonymous with the above-mentioned disease, and specifically refers to diseases such as spinocerebellar degeneration, spinocerebellar ataxia, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, fragile X syndrome, fragile XE syndrome, myotonic dystrophy (type 1), fatal insomnia, frontotemporal dementia or frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Pick's disease, primary progressive aphasia, primary progressive non-fluent aphasia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain dementia, glial cell globular inclusion tauopathy, or dementia with Lewy bodies.
- diseases such as spinocerebellar degeneration, spinocerebellar ataxia, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia
- the present invention includes a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease involving the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, which contains an RGMa inhibitor, particularly an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also includes a preventive or therapeutic agent for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), which contains an RGMa inhibitor, particularly an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, as an active ingredient.
- the agent for suppressing the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates or the agent for inhibiting the uptake of abnormal proteins into nerve cells of the present invention is usually administered systemically or locally, either orally or parenterally.
- the abnormal protein aggregate accumulation inhibitor or abnormal protein uptake inhibitor into nerve cells in the present invention can be formulated by appropriately mixing a pharma- ceutical acceptable carrier or additive with an RGMa inhibitor as an active ingredient.
- the pharmaceutical composition thus formulated can be administered orally or parenterally. Specifically, it can be an oral preparation such as a tablet, coated tablet, pill, powder, granule, capsule, liquid, suspension, or emulsion, or a parenteral preparation such as an injection, infusion, suppository, ointment, or patch.
- the mixing ratio of the carrier or additive may be appropriately set based on the range normally adopted in the pharmaceutical field.
- the carrier or additive that can be mixed is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include various carriers such as water, physiological saline, other aqueous solvents, and aqueous or oily bases, and various additives such as excipients, binders, pH adjusters, disintegrants, absorption promoters, lubricants, colorants, flavorings, and flavors.
- the RGMa inhibitor is an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, a functionally modified antibody thereof, a conjugated antibody thereof, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof
- it is preferable to administer it as an injection or infusion formulated together with a pharma- ceutically acceptable carrier via a parenteral route, for example, intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, or topically.
- a parenteral route for example, intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, or topically.
- an injection or infusion containing an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody can be used as a solution, suspension, or emulsion.
- the solvent examples include distilled water for injection, physiological saline, glucose solution, and isotonic solutions (e.g., solutions of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, glycerin, mannitol, sorbitol, boric acid, borax, propylene glycol, etc.).
- injections or infusions containing such anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies may contain stabilizers, solubilizing agents, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, soothing agents, buffers, preservatives, antiseptics, pH adjusters, and the like.
- stabilizers examples include albumin, globulin, gelatin, mannitol, glucose, dextran, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ascorbic acid, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sodium EDTA, sodium citrate, and dibutylhydroxytoluene.
- solubilizing agents examples include alcohols (e.g., ethanol, etc.), polyalcohols (e.g., propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), and nonionic surfactants (e.g., Polysorbate 80 (registered trademark), HCO-50, etc.).
- suspending agent for example, glyceryl monostearate, aluminum monostearate, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, etc.
- emulsifier for example, gum arabic, sodium alginate, tragacanth, etc.
- soothing agent for example, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, sorbitol, etc.
- buffer examples include phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, borate buffer, carbonate buffer, citrate buffer, and Tris buffer.
- preservatives examples include methyl parahydroxybenzoate, ethyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, butyl parahydroxybenzoate, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, sodium dehydroacetate, sodium edetate, boric acid, and borax.
- benzalkonium chloride, paraoxybenzoic acid, chlorobutanol, etc. can be used.
- pH adjuster for example, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, etc. can be used.
- the RGMa inhibitor is a nucleic acid (siRNA, shRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, etc.)
- it can be administered in the form of a non-viral vector or a viral vector.
- a method of introducing a nucleic acid molecule using liposomes liposome method, HVJ-liposome method, cationic liposome method, lipofection method, lipofectamine method, etc.
- a microinjection method a method of transferring a nucleic acid molecule into a cell together with a carrier (metal particles) using a gene gun, etc.
- a viral vector such as a recombinant adenovirus or retrovirus
- a DNA expressing siRNA or shRNA can be introduced into a DNA or RNA virus such as a detoxified retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpes virus, vaccinia virus, pox virus, polio virus, Sindbis virus, Sendai virus, SV40, etc., and the recombinant virus can be used to infect a cell or tissue, thereby introducing a gene into the cell or tissue.
- the preparation thus obtained can be administered in an effective amount to, for example, humans or other mammals (e.g., rats, mice, rabbits, sheep, pigs, cows, cats, dogs, monkeys, etc.) to prevent or treat diseases associated with the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates.
- the dosage is set appropriately taking into consideration the purpose, severity of the disease, age, weight, sex, medical history, and type of active ingredient of the patient.
- the active ingredient is an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody
- the dosage is preferably about 0.02 mg to 4000 mg per day for an average human weighing about 65 to 70 kg.
- the total daily dosage may be a single dose or divided doses.
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising the amino acid sequence of (b) described herein (SEQ ID NOs: 11 to 15, and the amino acid sequence of AGS as HCDR3) was used in Example 4, and an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising the amino acid sequence of (a) (SEQ ID NOs: 5 to 10) was used in the other Examples.
- Palivizumab was used as a control antibody in each Example.
- Example 1 Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded sections of spinal cord of mSOD1 (mutant SOD1) mice
- mSOD1 mice Female G93A mutant transgenic mice (mSOD1 mice) were intraperitoneally administered 250 ⁇ g of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody or control antibody per mouse twice a week from 6 weeks of age until the mice showed complete physical paralysis.
- mSOD1 mice were euthanized and perfused with PBS containing 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), and the spinal cord was removed, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin.
- PFA paraformaldehyde
- the number of ubiquitinated aggregated proteins was significantly reduced in the mSOD1 mice treated with anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies compared to the control antibody group ( Figure 2).
- Example 2 Effect on actin dynamics RGMa signaling regulates small GTPases, resulting in changes in actin dynamics. Cofilin also induces actin depolymerization, but this effect disappears when it is phosphorylated.
- the culture method was as follows. Primary cultures of cortical neurons were prepared from 16-day-old Wistar rat embryos. These cells were seeded on poly-L-lysine (Sigma, P1274-25MG)-coated chamber slides and cultured in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and 100 IU/ml penicillin at 37°C under 5% CO2 . The medium was replaced with differentiation medium (Neuro Stem Cell Basal Medium (Merck, SCM003)) supplemented with B-27 (Invitrogen, 12587010), with half of the medium replaced every 2-3 days. Cells were used for evaluation after 7 days of culture.
- differentiation medium Neuro Stem Cell Basal Medium (Merck, SCM003)
- B-27 Invitrogen, 12587010
- RGMa neuronal filamentous actin
- G-actin globular actin
- F-actin was labeled with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin (PHDR1) for 40 min, and G-actin was labeled with Alexa FluorTM 488-conjugated Dnase1 (D12371) for 20 min after permeabilization with 0.1% TritonX-100 for 5 min. Images were acquired using a confocal microscope ZEISS LSM 880 with Airyscan (Az science). The F-actin/G-actin ratio (F/G ratio) was measured by quantifying the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine and AlexaFluorTM 488 in 36 neurons from three independent wells using ImageJ from images acquired with an all-in-one fluorescence microscope (BZ-X800, Keyence). The results are shown in Figure 4 (A).
- Example 3 Effect on uptake of aggregated proteins from outside the cell into the cell.
- a study was carried out using primary cultured rat nerve cells in the same manner as described above.
- (1) Intracellular uptake of mutant proteins via actin signaling by RGMa We investigated the effect of Jasplakinolide (AdipoGen Life Sciences, AG-CN2-0037), an inhibitor of actin depolymerization, on the uptake of mutant proteins by RGMa.
- Jasplakinolide AdipoGen Life Sciences, AG-CN2-0037
- FLAG-tagged recombinant SOD1 proteins G93A, A4V
- Recombinant human RGMa (2 ⁇ g/ml) or DDW (double distilled water) and Jasplakinolide (250 nM) or DMSO were added to primary rat cortical neurons for 30 minutes, and then mutant SOD1 proteins (G93A, A4V) were added at 250 ng/ml. After 1 hour, the cells were fixed with methanol-acetone and labeled with FITC-conjugated mouse monoclonal anti-FLAG M2 antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, F4049). The average FITC fluorescence intensity of 36 neurons from three independent wells was calculated using ImageJ from images acquired with a confocal laser scanning microscope FV3000 inverted type (Olympus). The results are shown in Figure 4 (B).
- the cells were labeled with FITC-conjugated mouse monoclonal anti-FLAG M2 antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, F4049).
- the average fluorescence intensity of FITC in 36 neurons from three independent wells was calculated using ImageJ from images acquired with a confocal laser scanning microscope FV3000 inverted type (Olympus). The results are shown in Figure 5.
- a similar study was carried out using dextran (pHrodo (trademark) Red Dextran, Invitrogen, P10361) instead of the mutant protein.
- the cells were reacted with dextran for 10 minutes. The results are shown in FIG. 6.
- rat primary cortical neurons were treated with recombinant human RGMa (2 ⁇ g/ml) and anti-RGMa neutralizing or control antibodies (20 ⁇ g/ml), then incubated with recombinant human Tau protein (AnaSpec, AS-55556-50) for 60 min, and then fixed with methanol and acetone at -20°C for 20 min.
- Cells were labeled with mouse monoclonal anti-phosphorylated Tau antibody (Invitrogen MN1020 1:100) overnight at 4°C, and then stained with Alexa FluorTM 594.
- the specimens were mounted with mounting medium containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories, VECTASHIELD Mounting Medium H-1200) and images were acquired with a confocal laser scanning microscope FV3000 inverted (Olympus). The average fluorescence intensity of 36 neurons from two independent wells was calculated using ImageJ. The results are shown in Figure 7.
- DAPI Vector Laboratories, VECTASHIELD Mounting Medium H-1200
- Example 4 Effect of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody on TDP-43 aggregation in mPFN1 (mutated PFN1) mice G118V mutant profilin1-introduced mice (mPFN1 mice) were used as a mouse model of TDP-43 aggregation.
- mPFN1 mice are known to have abnormal aggregation of TDP-43 in neurons.
- Anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody or negative control antibody was intraperitoneally administered to mPFN1 mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg twice a week from 100 days of age.
- Terminal mPFN1 mice were euthanized and perfused with PBS containing 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), and the spinal cord was removed, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin.
- PFA paraformaldehyde
- the spinal cord was sectioned at a thickness of 3 ⁇ m using a microtome. Since TDP-43 accumulates in the cytoplasm following phosphorylation, TDP-43 aggregation in neurons was detected by immunohistochemical staining of phosphorylated TDP-43. Deparaffinized sections were subjected to microwave irradiation in 10 mM citrate buffer for antigen retrieval. The sections were then incubated with 0.3% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes to quench endogenous peroxidase activity, and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
- PBS phosphate-buffered saline
- the primary antibody used was rabbit antibody against phosphorylated TDP-43 (Proteintech), and the secondary antibody used was goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin conjugated to peroxidase-labeled dextran polymer (Dako Envision+, Dako). After 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) color reaction, the sections were dehydrated, cleared, and mounted.
- blinded evaluators visually counted the percentage of spinal cord anterior horn cells positive for phosphorylated TDP-43 in the cytoplasm and compared the percentages between the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody-administered mPFN1 mice (2 mice) and the control antibody-administered mPFN1 mice (3 mice). The results are shown in Figure 8.
- TDP-43 The number of cells positive for cytoplasmic phosphorylated TDP-43 was significantly reduced in the spinal cord ventral horn of m PFN1 mice administered anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies compared to the group administered control antibodies ( Figure 8). These results demonstrated that anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody therapy inhibits TDP-43 aggregation. The appearance of TDP-43 aggregated proteins in FTD also indicates that anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies are effective in the same way as in m PFN1 mice.
- Example 5 Evaluation using clinical samples (measurement of RGMa in CSF) CSF samples were collected from 9 FTD patients and 32 control subjects (other neurodegenerative disease (OND) and 24 non-neurodegenerative disease (ND)) and immediately centrifuged at 400g for 10 min at 4°C. CSF supernatants were stored at -80°C until use.
- OND subjects included patients with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, Parkinson's disease, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and cervical spondylosis.
- ND subjects included patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus, muscle disease, peripheral nerve disease, and dissociative disorders.
- the concentration of soluble RGMa in CSF was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (R & D systems), and the results are shown in Figure 9. Soluble RGMa was significantly increased in the CSF of FTD patients compared with non-neurodegenerative disease (ND) and other neurodegenerative disease (OND) patients. These data indicate that RGMa is increased in the CSF of FTD patients and contributes to the pathology of FTD.
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- SEQ ID NO: 1 Amino acid sequence of human RGMa precursor protein
- SEQ ID NO: 2 Amino acid sequence of mouse RGMa precursor protein
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Amino acid sequence of rat RGMa precursor protein
- SEQ ID NO: 4 DNA sequence of human RGMa gene
- SEQ ID NO: 5 Amino acid sequence of LCDR1 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 6 Amino acid sequence of LCDR2 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 7 Amino acid sequence of LCDR3 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 8 Amino acid sequence of HCDR1 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 9 Amino acid sequence of HCDR2 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 10 Amino acid sequence of HCDR3 of anti-R
- the present invention is expected to be useful in preventing or treating diseases involving the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, since the RGMa inhibitor has the effect of suppressing the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates or inhibiting the uptake of abnormal proteins into nerve cells, and is of great utility in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Abstract
Description
その後の研究により、RGMは、ゼノパス及びニワトリ胚における軸索誘導及びラミナ形成、並びに、マウス胚における頭部神経管の閉鎖の制御等の機能を有することが明らかとなっている(非特許文献11)。特許文献1には抗RGM中和抗体を有効成分として含有する軸索再生促進剤が開示されている。
このように中枢神経系損傷ではRGMaの役割が明らかにされているが、特に、ユビキチン化凝集体(陽性封入体)の形成抑制においてRGMaの関与は同定されておらず、そのような治療薬は知られていない。
すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。
2.RGMa阻害物質を有効成分とする、異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込み阻害剤。
3.異常タンパク質凝集体蓄積抑制剤または異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込み阻害剤が、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患の予防または治療剤である前記1または2に記載の剤。
4.異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患が、脊髄小脳変性症、脊髄小脳失調症、歯状核赤核淡蒼球ルイ体萎縮症、脆弱X関連振戦/運動失調症候群、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、脆弱X症候群、脆弱XE症候群、筋強直性ジストロフィー(1型)、致死性不眠症、前頭側頭型認知症又は前頭側頭葉変性症、ピック病、原発性進行性失語、原発性進行性非流暢性失語、進行性核上性麻痺、大脳皮質基底核変性症、嗜銀顆粒性認知症、グリア細胞球状封入体タウオパチー及びレビー小体型認知症から選ばれる疾患である、前記3に記載の剤。
5.異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患が、前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)または前頭側頭葉変性症(FTLD)である、前記3または4に記載の剤。
6.RGMa阻害物質が抗RGMa中和抗体である、前記1~5のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
7.抗RGMa中和抗体がヒト化抗体である、前記6に記載の剤。
8.抗RGMa中和抗体が配列番号16、配列番号36、配列番号37、配列番号38及び配列番号39から選択されるアミノ酸配列を認識する抗体である、前記6又は7に記載の剤。
9.抗RGMa中和抗体が、下記(a)~(l):
(a)配列番号5に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号7に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号9に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号10に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(b)配列番号11に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号12に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号13に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号14に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号15に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及びSFGをアミノ酸配列に含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(c)配列番号17に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号18に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号19に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号21に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号22に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(d)配列番号23に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号24に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号25に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号27に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号28に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(e)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号31に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(f)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号35に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(g)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号40に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(h)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号41に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(i)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号42に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(j)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号43に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(k)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号44に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、及び
(l)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号45に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
から選択される抗体である、前記6~8のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
10.治療を要する哺乳動物に対して有効量のRGMa阻害物質を投与することを含む、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患の予防または治療方法。
11.RGMa阻害物質が抗RGMa中和抗体である、前記10に記載の予防又は治療方法。
12.RGMa阻害物質の、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療剤の製造のための使用。
13.RGMa阻害物質が抗RGMa中和抗体である、前記12に記載の使用。
[中和]
本願において中和とは目的の標的に結合し、かつ、その標的のいずれかの機能を阻害することができる作用のことをいう。例えば、RGMa阻害物質は、RGMaへの結合の結果、RGMaの生物活性を阻害する作用を示す物質をいう。
本願においてエピトープとは、免疫グロブリン又はT細胞受容体に対して特異的に結合し得るポリペプチド決定基を含む。ある実施形態では、エピトープは分子の化学的に活性な表面基(例えば、アミノ酸、糖側鎖、ホスホリル又はスルホニル)を含み、ある実施形態では特定の3次元構造特性及び/又は特定の電荷特性を有し得る。エピトープは抗体により結合される抗原の領域である。
本願において単離されたRGMa阻害物質(例えば抗体等)等の「単離された」とは、同定され、かつ、分離された、及び/又は、自然状態での成分から回収された、という意味である。自然状態での不純物は、その抗体の診断的又は治療的使用を妨害し得る物質であり、酵素、ホルモン及びその他のタンパク質性の又は非タンパク質性の溶質が挙げられる。一般的に、RGMa阻害物質等を単離するには、少なくとも1つの精製工程によって精製すればよく、少なくとも1つの精製工程により精製されたRGMa阻害物質を「単離されたRGMa阻害物質」ということができる。
本願において抗体とは、広義には免疫グロブリン(Ig)分子の実質的にエピトープに結合する特徴を保持している2本の重鎖(H鎖)と2本の軽鎖(L鎖)の4本のポリペプチド鎖からなるIg分子を指す。
本願においてヒト抗体とは、軽鎖、重鎖ともにヒト免疫グロブリン由来の抗体をいう。ヒト抗体は、重鎖の定常領域の違いにより、γ鎖の重鎖を有するIgG(IgG1、IgG2、IgG3及びIgG4を含む)、μ鎖の重鎖を有するIgM、α鎖の重鎖を有するIgA(IgA1,IgA2を含む)、δ鎖の重鎖を有するIgD、又はε鎖の重鎖を有するIgEを含む。また原則として軽鎖は、κ鎖とλ鎖のどちらか一方を含む。
本願においてヒト化抗体は、非ヒト動物由来抗体の相補性決定領域と、ヒト抗体由来のフレームワーク領域とからなる可変領域、及びヒト抗体由来の定常領域からなる抗体をいう。
本願においてキメラ抗体とは、軽鎖、重鎖、又はその両方が、非ヒト由来の可変領域と、ヒト由来の定常領域からなる抗体をいう。
本願においてモノスペシフィック抗体とは、単一の抗原特異性を有する、単一の独立した抗原認識部位を持ち合わせた抗体である。本明細書中においては、例えば、RGMaを認識するモノスペシフィック抗体をRGMaモノスペシフィック抗体と呼称することがある。
本願においてマルチスペシフィック抗体とは、2つ以上の異なる抗原特異性を有する2つ以上の独立した抗原認識部位を持ち合わせた抗体であり、2つの抗原特異性を有するバイスペシフィック抗体、3つの抗原特異性を有するトリスペシフィック抗体などが挙げられる。
相補性決定領域(CDR)とは免疫グロブリン分子の可変領域のうち、抗原結合部位を形成する領域をいい、超可変領域とも呼ばれ、免疫グロブリン分子ごとに特にアミノ酸配列の変化が大きい部分をいう。CDRには軽鎖及び重鎖それぞれに3つのCDRがある。軽鎖に含まれる3つのCDRをそれぞれLCDR1、LCDR2及びLCDR3、並びに重鎖に含まれる3つのCDRをHCDR1、HCDR2及びHCDR3と呼称することがある。例えば免疫グロブリン分子のCDRはカバット(Kabat)の番号付けシステム(Kabatら、1987および1991、Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest、US Department ofHealth and Human Services、NIH、USA)に従って決定される。本明細書では、特に明記しない限り、カバットの番号付けシステムにしたがって定義されたCDR配列を用いる。
また、配列番号5~15のCDR配列は、IMGT(Lefranc M. -P., Immunology Today 18,509 (1997)、 Lefranc M. -P., The Immunologist, 7, 132-136 (1999)、 Lefranc, M.-P., Pommie, C, Ruiz, M., Giudicelli, V., Foulquier, E., Truong, L., Thouvenin-Contet, V.およびLefranc, Dev. Comp. Immunol, 27, 55-77 (2003))の番号付けシステムに従って定義されるCDR配列を用いる。当業者にとって、IMGT番号付けシステムによって記載されるCDR配列を、例えば、カバット番号付けシステムなどの他のいずれかのナンバリングシステムに置き換えることは自明である。したがって、IMGT番号付けシステムによって記載されるCDR配列をカバット番号付けシステムで置き換えた発明は、本発明の実施態様に含まれる。また、カバット番号付けシステムによって記載されるCDR配列をIMGT番号付けシステムで置き換えた発明も、本発明の実施態様に含まれる。
有効量とは、障害又はその1つ以上の症状の重症度及び/又は期間を軽減又は改善させる、障害の進行を予防する、障害を後退させる、障害に関連する1つ以上の症状の再発、発生、発症又は進行を予防する、障害を検出する、或いは別の治療(例えば、予防薬又は治療薬)の1つ以上の予防又は治療効果を強化又は向上させるのに十分な予防又は治療剤の量を指す。
可変領域等の候補ポリペプチド配列のアミノ酸配列の、参照ポリペプチド配列のアミノ酸配列に関する「パーセント(%)同一性」とは、配列を整列させ、最大の%同一性を得るために必要ならば間隙を導入し、如何なる保存的置換も配列同一性の一部と考えないとした後の、特定の参照ポリペプチド配列のアミノ酸残基と同一である候補配列中のアミノ酸残基のパーセントとして定義される。%同一性を測定する目的のためのアラインメントは、当業者の技量の範囲にある種々の方法、例えばBLAST、BLAST-2、ALIGN、又はMegalign(DNASTAR)ソフトウエアのような公に入手可能なコンピュータソフトウエアを使用することにより達成可能である。当業者であれば、比較される配列の完全長に対して最大のアラインメントを達成するために必要な任意のアルゴリズムを含む、配列をアラインメントするための適切なパラメータを決定することができる。しかし、ここでの目的のためには、%同一性値は、ペアワイズアラインメントにおいて、配列比較コンピュータプログラムBLASTを使用することによって得られる。
アミノ酸配列比較にBLASTが用いられる状況では、与えられたアミノ酸配列Aの、与えられたアミノ酸配列Bとの%同一性は次のように計算される:
分率X/Yの100倍
ここで、Xは配列アラインメントプログラムBLASTのA及びBのプログラムアラインメントによって同一であると一致したスコアのアミノ酸残基の数であり、YはBの全アミノ酸残基数である。アミノ酸配列Aの長さがアミノ酸配列Bの長さと異なる場合、AのBに対する%同一性は、BのAに対する%同一性とは異なることは理解されるであろう。特に断らない限りは、ここでの全ての%同一性値は、直ぐ上のパラグラフに示したようにBLASTコンピュータプログラムを用いて得られる。
保存的置換とは、ペプチドの活性を実質的に改変しないように、アミノ酸残基を、別の化学的に類似したアミノ酸残基で置換えることを意味する。例えば、ある疎水性残基を別の疎水性残基によって置換する場合、ある極性残基を同じ電荷を有する別の極性残基によって置換する場合等が挙げられる。このような置換を行うことができる機能的に類似のアミノ酸の例として、非極性(疎水性)アミノ酸としては、アラニン、バリン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、プロリン、トリプトファン、フェニルアラニン、メチオニン等が挙げられる。極性(中性)アミノ酸としては、グリシン、セリン、スレオニン、チロシン、グルタミン、アスパラギン、システイン等が挙げられる。陽電荷をもつ(塩基性)アミノ酸としては、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、リジン等が挙げられる。また、負電荷をもつ(酸性)アミノ酸としては、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸等が挙げられる。
治療とは、治療対象、好ましくは哺乳動物、特にヒトの疾患の任意の治療を含み、疾患及び症状の進行を阻止し、そのような疾患及び症状を消滅、治癒、軽減又は緩和させることを含む。
予防とは、治療対象、好ましくは哺乳動物、特にヒトにおいて、上記疾患の発症を防止または抑制することを含む。さらに、本発明における「予防」には、治療対象、好ましくは哺乳動物、特にヒトにおいて、寛解、再発を繰り返す上記疾患の再発を防止する「再発予防」が含まれる。
本発明は、RGMa阻害物質の新規な用途である異常タンパク質の凝集体蓄積抑制作用を有し、異常タンパク質の凝集体蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療剤を提供する。
また、本発明は、治療を要する哺乳動物に対して、有効量のRGMa阻害物質を含む予防又は治療剤を投与するステップを含む、異常タンパク質の凝集体蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療方法を提供する。
本発明のRGMa阻害物質は、RGMaそのものに作用して、RGMaの活性(以下、本明細書中において、単に「RGMa活性」ということがある。)を阻害又は減弱する物質であればよく、例えば、RGMaに結合して直接的にRGMa活性を阻害(減弱)する活性、あるいはRGMaと受容体の結合を阻害して間接的にRGMa活性を阻害(減弱)する活性を有する物質(例えば、後述の化合物や抗体等)を本発明のRGMa阻害物質と称する。
また、本発明のRGMa阻害物質は、RGMaの発現を抑制する物質であってもよく、例えば、RGMaの発現を阻害し、RGMa活性を阻害(減弱)する物質(例えば、後述の核酸分子等)も本発明のRGMa阻害物質に含まれる。
RGMa遺伝子としては、例えば配列番号4に示される塩基配列からなるヒトRGMa遺伝子等が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。種々の生物由来のRGM遺伝子の塩基配列は公知のデータベース(GenBank等)から容易に取得することができる。
本発明において、抗RGMa中和抗体とは、RGMaに結合して、RGMa活性を中和する抗体であればよく、ポリクローナル抗体でもモノクローナル抗体でも良い。本発明において好ましくはモノクローナル抗体である。また、本発明の抗RGMa中和抗体はRGMaモノスペシフィック抗体でもRGMa及び他の抗原を複数認識するマルチスペシフィック抗体でもよいが、好ましくはRGMaモノスペシフィック抗体である。
配列番号5:QDISSY
配列番号6:YTS (qualifier: mol_type = protein; organism = Mus musculus)
配列番号7:QQLNTLPWT
配列番号8:GFTFSDAW
配列番号9:IRSKANNHAT
配列番号10:TRRDGAY
配列番号11:QSLVHSNGNTY
配列番号12:KVS (qualifier: mol_type = protein; organism = Mus musculus)
配列番号13:SQSTHVPYT
配列番号14:GYSITTSYY
配列番号15:ISYDGTN
配列番号17:RSSQSLEYSDGYTFLE
配列番号18:EVSNRFS
配列番号19:FQATHDPLT
配列番号20:NYGMN
配列番号21:MIYYDSSEKHYADSVKG
配列番号22:GTTPDY
配列番号23:QASQDIDNYLA
配列番号24:GATNLAD
配列番号25:LQGYIPPRT
配列番号26:SYVMH
配列番号27:YIIPYNDNTKYNEKFKG
配列番号28:ARRNEYYGSSFFDY
配列番号29:TGTSSSVGDSIYVS
配列番号30:DVTKRPS
配列番号31:CSYAGTDTL
配列番号32:SHGIS
配列番号33:WISPYSGNTNYAQKLQG
配列番号34:VGSGPYYYMDV
配列番号29:TGTSSSVGDSIYVS
配列番号30:DVTKRPS
配列番号35:YSYAGTDTL
配列番号32:SHGIS
配列番号33:WISPYSGNTNYAQKLQG
配列番号34:VGSGPYYYMDV
配列番号29:TGTSSSVGDSIYVS
配列番号30:DVTKRPS
配列番号40:FSYAGTDTL
配列番号32:SHGIS
配列番号33:WISPYSGNTNYAQKLQG
配列番号34:VGSGPYYYMDV
配列番号29:TGTSSSVGDSIYVS
配列番号30:DVTKRPS
配列番号41:HSYAGTDTL
配列番号32:SHGIS
配列番号33:WISPYSGNTNYAQKLQG
配列番号34:VGSGPYYYMDV
配列番号29:TGTSSSVGDSIYVS
配列番号30:DVTKRPS
配列番号42:LSYAGTDTL
配列番号32:SHGIS
配列番号33:WISPYSGNTNYAQKLQG
配列番号34:VGSGPYYYMDV
配列番号29:TGTSSSVGDSIYVS
配列番号30:DVTKRPS
配列番号43:VSYAGTDTL
配列番号32:SHGIS
配列番号33:WISPYSGNTNYAQKLQG
配列番号34:VGSGPYYYMDV
配列番号29:TGTSSSVGDSIYVS
配列番号30:DVTKRPS
配列番号44:ISYAGTDTL
配列番号32:SHGIS
配列番号33:WISPYSGNTNYAQKLQG
配列番号34:VGSGPYYYMDV
配列番号29:TGTSSSVGDSIYVS
配列番号30:DVTKRPS
配列番号45:KSYAGTDTL
配列番号32:SHGIS
配列番号33:WISPYSGNTNYAQKLQG
配列番号34:VGSGPYYYMDV
から選択される抗体が挙げられる。
これらのうち、特に好ましくは(a)に記載される抗体が挙げられる。
配列番号46:DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQDISSYLNWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYYTSRLHSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFASYFCQQLNTLPWTFGGGTKVEME
配列番号47:EVQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCTASGFTFSDAWMDWVRQAPGKGLEWVAEIRSKANNHATYYAESVKGRFTISRDDSKSIVYLQMNSLRTEDTALYYCTRRDGAYWGKGTTVTVSS
配列番号48:DIQMTQSPSSVSASVGDRVTITCRASQDISSYLNWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYYTSRLHSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFASYFCQQLNTLPWTFGGGTKVEMERTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
配列番号49:EVQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCTASGFTFSDAWMDWVRQAPGKGLEWVAEIRSKANNHATYYAESVKGRFTISRDDSKSIVYLQMNSLRTEDTALYYCTRRDGAYWGKGTTVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
配列番号50:DVVMTQTPLSLPVSLGDQASISCRSSQSLVHSNGNTYLHWYLQRPGQSPKLLIYKVSNRFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEAEDLGLYFCSQSTHVPYTFGGGTKLEIK
配列番号51:DVKLQESGPGLVKPSQSLSLTCSVTGYSITTSYYWNWIRQFPGNKLEWMGYISYDGTNNYNPSLKNRISITRDTSKNQFFLRLNSVTTEDTATYYCAGSFGYSQGTLVTVSA
配列番号52:DVVMTQTPLSLPVSLGDQASISCRSSQSLVHSNGNTYLHWYLQRPGQSPKLLIYKVSNRFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEAEDLGLYFCSQSTHVPYTFGGGTKLEIKRADAAPTVSIFPPSSEQLTSGGASVVCFLNNFYPKDINVKWKIDGSERQNGVLNSWTDQDSKDSTYSMSSTLTLTKDEYERHNSYTCEATHKTSTSPIVKSFNRNEC
配列番号53:DVKLQESGPGLVKPSQSLSLTCSVTGYSITTSYYWNWIRQFPGNKLEWMGYISYDGTNNYNPSLKNRISITRDTSKNQFFLRLNSVTTEDTATYYCAGSFGYSQGTLVTVSAAKTTPPSVYPLAPGCGDTTGSSVTLGCLVKGYFPESVTVTWNSGSLSSSVHTFPALLQSGLYTMSSSVTVPSSTWPSQTVTCSVAHPASSTTVDKKLEPSGPISTINPCPPCKECHKCPAPNLEGGPSVFIFPPNIKDVLMISLTPKVTCVVVDVSEDDPDVQISWFVNNVEVHTAQTQTHREDYNSTIRVVSTLPIQHQDWMSGKEFKCKVNNKDLPSPIERTISKIKGLVRAPQVYILPPPAEQLSRKDVSLTCLVVGFNPGDISVEWTSNGHTEENYKDTAPVLDSDGSYFIYSKLNMKTSKWEKTDSFSCNVRHEGLKNYYLKKTISRSPGK
配列番号54:DVVLTQTPVSLSVTLGDQASMSCRSSQSLEYSDGYTFLEWFLQKPGQSPQLLIYEVSNRFSGVPDRFIGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEPEDLGVYYCFQATHDPLTFGSGTKLEIKR
配列番号55:EVQLVESGGGLVQPGSSLKLSCVASGFTFSNYGMNWIRQAPKKGLEWIGMIYYDSSEKHYADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLEMNSLRSEDTAIYYCAKGTTPDYWGQGVMVTVSS
配列番号56:DIQMTQSPASLSASLEEIVTITCQASQDIDNYLAWYHQKPGKSPRLLIYGATNLADGVPSRFSGSRSGTQFSLKINRLQIEDLGIYYCLQGYIPPRTFGGGTKLELKR
配列番号57:EVQLQQSGPELVKPGTSVKMSCKTSGYTFTSYVMHWVKQKPGQGLEWIGYIIPYNDNTKYNEKFKGKATLTSDKSSSTAYMELSSLTSEDSAVYYCARRNEYYGSSFFDYWGQGTTLTVSS
配列番号58:QSALTQPRSVSGSPGQSVTISCTGTSSSVGDSIYVSWYQQHPGKAPKLMLYDVTKRPSGVPDRFSGSKSGNTASLTISGLQAEDEADYYCCSYAGTDTLFGGGTKVTVL
配列番号59:EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSHGISWVRQAPGQGLDWMGWISPYSGNTNYAQKLQGRVTMTTDTSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCAR VGSGPYYYMDVWGQGTLVTVSS
配列番号60:QSALTQPRSVSGSPGQSVTISCTGTSSSVGDSIYVSWYQQHPGKAPKLMLYDVTKRPSGVPDRFSGSKSGNTASLTISGLQAEDEADYYCYSYAGTDTLFGGGTKVTVL
配列番号59:EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSHGISWVRQAPGQGLDWMGWISPYSGNTNYAQKLQGRVTMTTDTSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCAR VGSGPYYYMDVWGQGTLVTVSS
配列番号61:QSALTQPRSVSGSPGQSVTISCTGTSSSVGDSIYVSWYQQHPGKAPKLMLYDVTKRPSGVPDRFSGSKSGNTASLTISGLQAEDEADYYCYSYAGTDTLFGGGTKVTVLGQPKAAPSVTLFPPSSEELQANKATLVCLISDFYPGAVTVAWKADSSPVKAGVETTTPSKQSNNKYAASSYLSLTPEQWKSHRSYSCQVTHEGSTVEKTVAPTECS
配列番号62:EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSHGISWVRQAPGQGLDWMGWISPYSGNTNYAQKLQGRVTMTTDTSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARVGSGPYYYMDVWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDQLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVLHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
ポリクローナル抗体は、例えば、前述のような抗原を、必要に応じてフロイントアジュバント(Freund's Adjuvant)とともに、上記のような哺乳動物に免疫することで該免疫感作動物から得た血清から取得することができる。
モノクローナル抗体は、具体的には下記のようにして取得することができる。即ち、前述のような抗原を免疫原とし、該免疫原を、必要に応じてフロイントアジュバント(Freund's Adjuvant)とともに、上記のような哺乳動物の皮下、筋肉内、静脈内、フッドパッド内あるいは腹腔内に1~数回注射するかあるいは移植することにより免疫感作を施す。通常、初回免疫から約1~14日毎に1~4回免疫を行って、最終免疫より約1~5日後に免疫感作された該哺乳動物から抗体産生細胞が取得される。
本発明の抗RGMa中和抗体又はその抗原結合断片をコードする核酸分子は例えば、以下の方法によって得ることができる。まず、ハイブリドーマ等の細胞から、市販のRNA抽出キットを用いて全RNAを調製し、ランダムプライマー等を用い、逆転写酵素によりcDNAを合成する。次いで、既知のヒト抗体重鎖遺伝子、軽鎖遺伝子の可変領域において、それぞれ保存されている配列のオリゴヌクレオチドをプライマーに用いたPCR法によって、抗体をコードするcDNAを増幅させる。定常領域をコードする配列については、既知の配列をPCR法で増幅することによって得ることができる。DNAの塩基配列は、配列決定用プラスミドに組み込むなどして、常法により決定することができる。
あるいは、可変領域又はその一部の配列を化学合成し、定常領域を含む配列に結合することによっても本発明のモノクローナル抗体をコードするDNAを得ることができる。
当該核酸分子は重鎖と軽鎖の定常領域と可変領域の全てをコードするものであってもよいが、重鎖と軽鎖の可変領域のみをコードするものであってもよい。定常領域と可変領域の全てをコードする場合における重鎖及び軽鎖の定常領域の塩基配列は、Nucleic Acids Research vol.14, p1779, 1986、The Journal of Biological Chemistry vol.257, p1516, 1982 及びCell vol.22, p197, 1980 に記載のものが好ましい。
抗RGMa中和抗体の機能改変抗体は、以下のような方法で調製される。例えば、本願抗RGMa中和抗体を、宿主細胞としてα1,6―フコース転移酵素(FUT8)遺伝子を破壊したCHO細胞を用いて製造すると、糖鎖のフコース含量が低下して細胞殺傷機能が高まった抗体が得られ、FUT8遺伝子を導入したCHO細胞を宿主細胞として製造すると、細胞殺傷機能が低い抗体が得られる(国際公開第2005/035586号、国際公開第2002/31140号、国際公開第00/61739号)。また、Fc領域のアミノ酸残基を改変することで補体活性化機能を調節することができる(米国特許第6737056号、米国特許第7297775号、米国特許第7317091号)。さらに、Fc受容体の1つであるFcRnへの結合を高めたFc領域の変異体を使用することにより、血中半減期の延長を図ることができる(橋口周平ら、生化学、2010、Vol.82(8), p710)。これらの機能改変抗体は、遺伝子工学的に製造することができる。Fc受容体の1つであるFcRnへの結合を高めたFc領域の変異体を使用することにより、血中半減期の延長を図ることができる(橋口周平ら、生化学、2010、Vol.82(8), p710)。これらの機能改変抗体は、遺伝子工学的に製造することができる。
本発明の抗RGMa中和抗体の改変分子として、コンジュゲート抗体が挙げられる。コンジュゲート抗体としては、抗RGMa中和抗体にポリエチレングリコール(PEG)等の非ペプチド性ポリマー、放射性物質、毒素、低分子化合物、サイトカイン、成長因子(TGF-β、NGF、Neurotrophinなど)、アルブミン、酵素、他の抗体などの本願の抗RGMa中和抗体以外の機能分子を化学的又は遺伝子工学的に結合したコンジュゲート抗体があげられる。
本発明の実施形態において、抗体の「抗原結合断片」とは、前述のような抗体の、抗原結合性を有する一部分の領域を意味し、具体的にはF(ab')2 、Fab'、Fab 、Fv(variable fragment ofantibody)、ジスルフィド結合Fv、一本鎖抗体(scFv)、及びこれらの重合体等が挙げられ、さらに、抗原結合断片にはポリエチレングリコール(PEG)等の非ペプチド性ポリマー、放射性物質、毒素、低分子化合物、サイトカイン、成長因子(TGF-β、NGF、Neurotrophinなど)、アルブミン、酵素、他の抗体などの本願の抗RGMa中和抗体以外の機能分子を化学的又は遺伝子工学的に結合しているコンジュゲートフラグメントが含まれる。
本発明の抗RGMa中和抗体の好ましい態様としてキメラ抗体が挙げられる。「キメラ抗体」としては、可変領域が、非ヒト動物(マウス、ラット、ハムスター、ニワトリ等)のイムノグロブリン由来の可変領域であり、定常領域がヒトイムノグロブリン由来の定常領域である、キメラ抗体が例示される。例えば、抗原をマウスに免疫し、そのマウスモノクローナル抗体の遺伝子から抗原と結合する可変領域を切り出し、ヒト骨髄由来の抗体定常領域と結合して作製することができる。ヒトイムノグロブリン由来の定常領域は、IgG(IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4)、IgM、IgA(IgA1、IgA2)、IgD及びIgE等のアイソタイプにより各々固有のアミノ酸配列を有するが、本発明における組換キメラ抗体の定常領域はいずれのアイソタイプに属するヒトイムノグログリンの定常領域であってもよい。好ましくは、ヒトIgGの定常領域である。このように作製したキメラ抗体の遺伝子を用いて発現ベクターを作製することができる。該発現ベクターで宿主細胞を形質転換することによりキメラ抗体産生形質転換細胞を得、該形質転換細胞を培養することにより培養上清中から目的のキメラ化抗体を得る。
本発明の抗RGMa中和抗体の別の好ましい態様としてヒト化抗体が挙げられる。本発明における「ヒト化抗体」は、マウスなどの非ヒト動物抗体の抗原結合部位(CDR;相補性決定領域)のDNA配列だけをヒト抗体遺伝子に移植(CDRグラフティング)した抗体である。例えば、特表平4-506458号公報及び特許2912618号明細書等に記載の方法を参照して作製することができる。具体的には、そのCDRの一部又は全部が非ヒト哺乳動物(マウス、ラット、ハムスター等)のモノクローナル抗体に由来するCDRであり、その可変領域のフレームワーク領域がヒトイムノグロブリン由来の可変領域のフレームワーク領域であり、かつその定常領域がヒトイムノグロブリン由来の定常領域であることを特徴とするヒト化抗体を意味する。
本発明の抗RGMa中和抗体の別の好ましい態様としてヒト抗体が挙げられる。ヒト抗体とは、イムノグロブリンを構成する重鎖の可変領域及び重鎖の定常領域並びに軽鎖の可変領域及び軽鎖の定常領域を含むすべての領域がヒトイムノグロブリンをコードする遺伝子に由来するイムノグロブリンとなっている抗体であって、ヒト抗体遺伝子をマウスに導入して作製することができる。具体的には、例えば、少なくともヒトイムノグロブリン遺伝子をマウス等のヒト以外の哺乳動物の遺伝子座中に組込むことにより作製されたトランスジェニック動物を、抗原で免疫感作することにより、前述したポリクローナル抗体あるいはモノクローナル抗体の作製法と同様にして製造することができる。
なお、RGMaとの結合能を有し、RGMaの活性を阻害(中和)するという本発明の抗体の特性が維持される限り、抗RGMa中和抗体(好ましくは、上述の(a)~(l)及び上述の(a’)~(i’)の抗RGMa中和抗体)のアミノ酸配列において、1又は数個のアミノ酸(1~20個、1~10個又は1~5個、好ましくは1ないし2個)の置換、欠失、付加又は挿入があってもよい。このような置換、欠失、付加はCDRに導入されてもよいが、CDR以外の領域に導入されることが好ましい。また、該アミノ酸置換は本発明の特性を維持するために保存的置換であることが好ましい。
本発明において、shRNAとは一本鎖RNAで部分的に回文状の塩基配列を含むことにより、分子内で二本鎖構造をとり、3'末端に突出部を有する短いヘアピン構造からなる約20塩基対以上の分子のことをいう。そのようなshRNAは、細胞内に導入された後、細胞内で約20塩基(代表的には例えば、21塩基、22塩基、23塩基)の長さに分解され、siRNAと同様に標的となる遺伝子の発現を抑制することができる。
本発明においては、上述のsiRNA及びshRNAは、RGMa遺伝子の発現を抑制できるものであればどのような形態であってもよい。
好ましい配列は通常の選択方法を用いて選択することができ、本発明におけるsiRNA又はshRNAとしては、機能性RGMaの発現阻害を評価することで確認することが出来る。
本発明の実施形態において、異常タンパク質凝集体蓄積抑制剤とは、異常タンパク質(TDP-43、Tau、α-シヌクレイン、SOD1等のミスフォールドタンパク質や変異タンパク質)が凝集し、その凝集体の神経細胞等の細胞内への蓄積を抑制する作用を有する薬剤または医薬組成物を意味する。本発明の異常タンパク質凝集体蓄積抑制作用により治療対象となる神経変性疾患としては、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患であって、具体的には、脊髄小脳変性症、脊髄小脳失調症、歯状核赤核淡蒼球ルイ体萎縮症、脆弱X関連振戦/運動失調症候群、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、脆弱X症候群、脆弱XE症候群、筋強直性ジストロフィー(1型)、致死性不眠症、前頭側頭型認知症又は前頭側頭葉変性症、ピック病、原発性進行性失語、原発性進行性非流暢性失語、進行性核上性麻痺、大脳皮質基底核変性症、嗜銀顆粒性認知症、グリア細胞球状封入体タウオパチー又はレビー小体型認知症等の疾患を意味する。このうち、好ましくは、前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)又は前頭側頭葉変性症(FTLD)があげられる。
本発明の実施形態において、異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込み阻害剤とは、神経細胞外にある異常タンパク質(前記と同義)の神経細胞内への取り込みを阻害する作用を有する薬剤または医薬組成物を意味する。ここで、神経細胞内に取り込まれた異常タンパク質は、細胞内で凝集体となって蓄積することにより、神経変性疾患を発症する。そのため、異常タンパク質の取り込みを阻害することにより、神経細胞内で異常タンパク質の凝集体の蓄積を抑制することができる。本発明において、異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込み阻害作用により治療対象となる神経変性疾患としては、前述の異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患があげられ、なかでも、前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)又は前頭側頭葉変性症(FTLD)が好ましい。
また、後述の実施例で示されるように、RGMaがコフィリンの脱リン酸化を誘導し、繊維状アクチン(F-アクチン)から球状アクチン(G-アクチン、単量体アクチンともいう)への脱重合を促進することにより、異常タンパク質(Tau等)の神経細胞外から細胞内への取り込みが増加する。本発明におけるRGMa阻害物質、とりわけ、抗RGMa中和抗体は、繊維状アクチンから球状アクチンへの脱重合を抑制する作用を有する。また、本発明におけるRGMa阻害物質、とりわけ、抗RGMa中和抗体は、このようなアクチン動態を変化させることにより、RGMaにより増加した異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込みを阻害する作用を有する。これらの作用によって、本発明におけるRGMa阻害物質、とりわけ、抗RGMa中和抗体は、異常タンパク質凝集体蓄積抑制作用を示し、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療剤になりうる。
このように、本発明では、RGMa阻害物質、とりわけ、抗RGMa中和抗体を有効成分として含有する、異常タンパク質凝集体蓄積抑制剤が含まれる。また、本発明では、RGMa阻害物質、とりわけ、抗RGMa中和抗体を有効成分として含有する、異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込み阻害剤が含まれる。さらには、本発明では、RGMa阻害物質、とりわけ、抗RGMa中和抗体を有効成分として含有する、繊維状アクチンから球状アクチンへの脱重合抑制剤(好ましくは、神経細胞内における繊維状アクチンから球状アクチンへの脱重合抑制剤)も含まれる。
本発明の実施形態において、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患とは、前述の疾患と同義であり、具体的には、脊髄小脳変性症、脊髄小脳失調症、歯状核赤核淡蒼球ルイ体萎縮症、脆弱X関連振戦/運動失調症候群、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、脆弱X症候群、脆弱XE症候群、筋強直性ジストロフィー(1型)、致死性不眠症、前頭側頭型認知症又は前頭側頭葉変性症、ピック病、原発性進行性失語、原発性進行性非流暢性失語、進行性核上性麻痺、大脳皮質基底核変性症、嗜銀顆粒性認知症、グリア細胞球状封入体タウオパチー又はレビー小体型認知症等の疾患を意味する。このうち、好ましくは、前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)又は前頭側頭葉変性症(FTLD)があげられる。
このように、本発明では、RGMa阻害物質、とりわけ、抗RGMa中和抗体を有効成分として含有する、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患の予防または治療剤が含まれる。また、本発明では、RGMa阻害物質、とりわけ、抗RGMa中和抗体を有効成分として含有する、前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)又は前頭側頭葉変性症(FTLD)の予防または治療剤が含まれる。
本発明における異常タンパク質凝集体蓄積抑制剤または異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込み阻害剤は、通常、全身的又は局所的に、経口又は非経口の形で投与される。
本発明における異常タンパク質凝集体蓄積抑制剤または異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込み阻害剤は、RGMa阻害物質を有効成分とし、薬学的に許容される担体又は添加剤を適宜配合して製剤化することができる。そのように製剤化した医薬組成物を経口又は非経口の形で投与することができる。具体的には、錠剤、被覆錠剤、丸剤、散剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、液剤、懸濁剤、乳剤等の経口剤とすることができ、また、注射剤、輸液、坐剤、軟膏、パッチ剤等の非経口剤とすることができる。担体又は添加剤の配合割合については、医薬品分野において通常採用されている範囲に基づいて適宜設定すればよい。配合できる担体又は添加剤は特に制限されないが、例えば、水、生理食塩水、その他の水性溶媒、水性又は油性基剤等の各種担体、例えば、賦形剤、結合剤、pH調整剤、崩壊剤、吸収促進剤、滑沢剤、着色剤、矯味剤、香料等の各種添加剤が挙げられる。
例えば、抗RGMa中和抗体を含む注射剤又は輸液は、溶液、懸濁液又は乳濁液として用いることができる。その溶剤として、例えば、注射用蒸留水、生理食塩水、ブドウ糖溶液及び等張液(例えば、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、グリセリン、マンニトール、ソルビトール、ホウ酸、ホウ砂、プロピレングリコール等の溶液)等を用いることができる。
さらに、このような抗RGMa中和抗体を含む注射剤又は輸液は、安定剤、溶解補助剤、懸濁化剤、乳化剤、無痛化剤、緩衝剤、保存剤、防腐剤、pH調整剤等を含んでいてもよい。
安定剤としては、例えば、アルブミン、グロブリン、ゼラチン、マンニトール、グルコース、デキストラン、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、アスコルビン酸、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、EDTAナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン等を用いることができる。
溶解補助剤としては、例えば、アルコール(例えば、エタノール等)、ポリアルコール(例えば、プロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール等)、非イオン性界面活性剤例えば、ポリソルベート80(登録商標)、HCO-50等)等を用いることができる。
懸濁化剤としては、例えば、モノステアリン酸グリセリン、モノステアリン酸アルミニウム、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム等を用いることができる。
乳化剤としては、例えば、アラビアゴム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、トラガント等を用いることができる。
無痛化剤としては、例えば、ベンジルアルコール、クロロブタノール、ソルビトール等を用いることができる。
緩衝剤としては、例えば、リン酸緩衝液、酢酸緩衝液、ホウ酸緩衝液、炭酸緩衝液、クエン酸緩衝液、トリス緩衝液等を用いることができる。
保存剤としては、例えば、パラオキシ安息香酸メチル、パラオキシ安息香酸エチル、パラオキシ安息香酸プロピル、パラオキシ安息香酸ブチル、クロロブタノール、ベンジルアルコール、塩化ベンザルコニウム、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、エデト酸ナトリウム、ホウ酸、ホウ砂等を用いることができる。
防腐剤としては、例えば、塩化ベンザルコニウム、パラオキシ安息香酸、クロロブタノール等を用いることができる。
pH調整剤としては、例えば、塩酸、水酸化ナトリウム、リン酸、酢酸等を用いることができる。
なお、抗RGMa中和抗体としては、本明細書に記載した(b)のアミノ酸配列(配列番号11~15、およびHCDR3としてAGSのアミノ酸配列)を含む抗RGMa中和抗体を実施例4で使用し、それ以外の実施例では(a)のアミノ酸配列(配列番号5~10)を含む抗RGMa中和抗体を使用した。また、対照抗体としてはパリビズマブ(Palivizumab)を各実施例で用いた。
雌のG93A変異遺伝子導入マウス(mSOD1マウス)に、6週齢からマウスが完全な身体麻痺を示す時まで、抗RGMa中和抗体もしくは対照抗体を1匹あたり250 μg 週2回腹腔内投与した。105日齢でmSOD 1マウスを安楽死後、4%パラホルムアルデヒド(PFA)含有PBSで潅流し、脊髄を取り出して、脱水後にパラフィン包埋した。マイクロトームを用い脊髄を3μmの厚みで切片を作成した。
脱パラフィン化とリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)での洗浄後、クレシルバイオレットでニッスル染色を行い1個体あたり15枚の切片を用いて脊髄前角に存在する運動ニューロンの数を顕微鏡で計測した。その結果を図1に示す。
免疫染色については脱パラフィン化した切片を30分間0.3%過酸化水素水とインキュベートして内因性ペルオキシダーゼ活性をクエンチした後、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)で洗浄した。免疫組織化学では、一次抗体はユビキチンに対するウサギ抗体(DAKO)を使用し、二次抗体はペルオキシダーゼ標識デキストランポリマー(Dako Envision+、Dako)に結合させたヤギ抗ウサギ免疫グロブリンを使用した。3,3'-ジアミノベンジジン(DAB)発色反応後、脱水、透徹、封入した。また、顕微鏡画像を撮影後Image-Jを用いて脊髄前角におけるユビキチン免疫活性を示す面積の割合を定量化して、抗RGMa中和抗体を投与したmSOD1マウス(7匹)と対照抗体を投与したmSOD1マウス(3匹)の各々を比較した。その結果を図2に示す。
RGMaシグナルはsmall GTPasesを制御し、アクチン動態の変化をもたらす。またコフィリンはアクチンの脱重合を引き起こすが、リン酸化されるとその作用が消失する。
mSOD1マウスの脊髄におけるコフィリンのリン酸化状態を調べた。抗RGMa中和抗体または対照抗体を投与したmSOD1マウス(各群n=5)および野生型マウス(WT、n=4、105日齢)を、4℃のPBSで灌流し、全脊髄を解剖後、氷上でホモジナイズし、-80℃で保存した。これらの試料を、プロテアーゼ阻害剤およびホスファターゼ阻害剤を含むRIPA緩衝液(PBS、0.1% TritonX-100、0.5% デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、0.1% ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)、50 mM Tris-HCl および 150 mM NaCl, pH 8.0)で溶解した。等濃度のタンパク質を10% SDS-ポリアクリルアミドゲルで分離し、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)膜に転写した。一次抗体は、抗コフィリン抗体(1:80000、Proteintech;66057-1-Ig)、抗リン酸化コフィリン抗体(1:1000、Cell Signaling;#3313)を使用し、4℃で一晩インキュベートした。続いてペルオキシダーゼ標識二次抗体とともに90分間インキュベートし、Super Signal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific)を用いて視覚化した。各バンドの画像は Image Gauge (Fuji Film) を用いて撮影し、ImageJ を用いて解析した。結果を図3の(A)および(B)に示す。
Wistar Ratの16日目の胚から、皮質ニューロンの初代培養細胞を調製した。これらの細胞をポリ-L-リジン(Sigma, P1274-25MG)でコートしたチャンバースライドに播種し、5%ウシ胎児血清と100 IU/mlペニシリンを含む高グルコースDMEM中、37℃で5%CO2下で培養を行った。培地をB-27(Invitrogen、12587010)を添加した分化培地(Neuro Stem Cell Basal Medium(Merck、SCM003))に交換し、2-3日毎に培地交換を半分ずつ行い、培養した。7日間培養後に評価に用いた。
RGMaが神経細胞のフィラメント状アクチン(F アクチン)と球状アクチン(G アクチン)に及ぼす影響について評価した。細胞はリコンビナントヒトRGMa(2μg/ml)(NovoPro, 500040)またはDDW(二回蒸留水)および抗RGMa中和抗体または対照抗体(20μg/ml)で30分間処置した後、メタノールとアセトンで-20℃で20分間固定した。ローダミンを結合させたファロイジン(PHDR1)で40分間、Fアクチンの標識を行い、0.1% TritonX-100で5分の透過処理後、Alexa Fluor(商標) 488を結合したDnase1(D12371)で20分間、Gアクチンを標識した。画像は共焦点顕微鏡ZEISS LSM 880 with Airyscan(Az science)を用いて取得した。Fアクチン/Gアクチン比(F/G比)は、オールインワン蛍光顕微鏡(BZ-X800、Keyence)で取得した画像からImageJを用いて、独立した3ウェルから得た36個の神経細胞のローダミンとAlexaFluor(商標)488の蛍光強度を定量し計測した。結果を図4(A)に示す。
これらの結果から、RGMaのシグナルはコフィリンの脱リン酸化を介してアクチンの脱重合を促進することがわかり、またを抗RGMa中和抗体はこれらの効果をキャンセルすることが示された。
前述の方法と同様にラットの初代神経細胞培養を用いて検討を行った。
(1)RGMaによるアクチンシグナルを介した変異タンパクの細胞内取り込み
アクチン脱重合の阻害剤、Jasplakinolide (AdipoGen Life Sciences、AG-CN2-0037)を用いて、RGMaによる変異タンパク取り込みへの影響を調べた。最初にFLAGtag付きのリコンビナントSOD1タンパク質(G93A、A4V)を精製した。ラット初代皮質神経細胞に、リコンビナントヒトRGMa(2μg/ml)またはDDW(二回蒸留水)およびJasplakinolide(250nM)またはDMSOを添加し30分間反応させた後、変異SOD1タンパク(G93A、A4V)を250ng/mlで添加した。1時間後メタノール・アセトンで固定し、FITCを結合したマウスモノクローナル抗FLAG M2抗体(Sigma-Aldrich、F4049)で標識した。共焦点レーザー走査顕微鏡FV3000倒立型(Olympus)で取得した画像から、ImageJを用いて独立した3つのウェルから得た36個の神経細胞のFITCの平均蛍光強度を求めた。結果を図4の(B)に示す。
RGMaによる変異タンパクの細胞内への取り込みが抗RGMa中和抗体で抑制されるか調べた。リコンビナントヒトRGMa(2μg/ml)および抗RGMa中和抗体または対照抗体(20μg/ml)に、G93A変異SOD1、A4V変異 SOD1あるいは野生型SOD1のリコンビナントFLAG標識タンパク(250ng/ml)を混合したものをラット初代皮質神経細胞に加え、60分間インキュベートし、メタノールとアセトンで-20℃、20分間固定した。FITCを結合したマウスモノクローナル抗FLAG M2抗体(Sigma-Aldrich、F4049)で標識した。共焦点レーザー走査顕微鏡FV3000倒立型(Olympus)で取得した画像から、ImageJを用いて独立した3つのウェルから得た36個の神経細胞のFITCの平均蛍光強度を求めた。その結果を図5に示す。変異タンパク質に替えて、デキストラン(pHrodo(商標) Red Dextran、Invitrogen、 P10361)を用いて同様な検討を行った。細胞にデキストランは10分間反応させた。その結果を図6に示す。
Tauについては、ラット初代皮質神経細胞をリコンビナントヒトRGMa(2μg/ml)および抗RGMa中和抗体または対照抗体(20μg/ml)で処理後に、リコンビナントヒトTauタンパク質(AnaSpec, AS-55556-50)を加えて60分間インキュベートした後、 -20℃で20分間メタノールとアセトンで固定した。細胞は4℃で一晩マウスモノクローナル抗リン酸化Tau抗体(Invitrogen MN1020 1:100)で標識し、その後Alexa Fluor(商標)594で染色した。標本は、DAPIを含有する封入剤(ベクターラボラトリーズ,VECTASHIELD Mounting Medium H-1200)を用いて封入し、共焦点レーザー走査顕微鏡FV3000倒立型(Olympus)で画像を取得した。ImageJを用いて独立した2つのウェルから得た36個の神経細胞の平均蛍光強度を求めた。その結果を図7に示す。
リコンビナントヒトRGMa存在下で、抗RGMa中和抗体を加えた細胞では、対照抗体を加えた細胞に比較してG93A 変異及びA4V変異SOD1タンパクの細胞内の取り込みが有意に減少した(図5)。野生型SOD1タンパクを用いた場合には、RGMa添加による細胞内への取り込み増加は観察されなかった。(図4(B))また、デキストランで10分間刺激した場合でも変異SOD1タンパクで見られた反応と同様の結果が得られた(図6)。リコンビナントヒトTauタンパクを用いた場合にも、リコンビナントヒトRGMa添加により細胞内へのTauタンパクの取り込みの増加がみられた。リコンビナントヒトRGMa存在下に抗RGMa中和抗体を加えた細胞では、対照抗体を加えた細胞に比較してTauタンパクの取り込みが有意に減少した(図7)。これらの結果からRGMaは細胞外に存在する異常タンパクの神経細胞内の取り込みを促進すること、さらに抗RGMa中和抗体は、この過程を阻害することで効果を発揮することが明らかになった。
この結果からRGMaは神経細胞においてアクチン動態を変化させることにより、細胞外に存在する異常タンパクの細胞内の取り込みを促進すること、さらに抗RGMa中和抗体は、この過程を阻害することで効果を発揮することが明らかになった。FTDにおいてもTau等が細胞間で播種することから、同様に抗RGMa中和抗体が効果を発揮することを示している。
TDP-43凝集のマウスモデルとしてG118V変異profilin1導入マウス(mPFN1マウス)を使用した。mPFN1マウスは神経細胞にTDP-43が異常凝集することが知られている。mPFN1マウスに抗RGMa中和抗体もしくは陰性対照抗体を100日齢から10 mg/kgの用量で週2回腹腔内投与した。終末期のm PFN1マウスを安楽死後、4%パラホルムアルデヒド(PFA)含有PBSで潅流し、脊髄を取り出して、脱水後にパラフィン包埋した。マイクロトームを用い脊髄を3μmの厚みで切片を作成した。
TDP-43はリン酸化を伴って細胞質に蓄積することから、リン酸化TDP-43を免疫組織化学染色することで神経細胞内のTDP-43凝集を検出した。脱パラフィン化した切片を10 mM クエン酸バッファー内でマイクロウェーブ照射をして抗原賦活を行った。その後30分間0.3%過酸化水素水とインキュベートして内因性ペルオキシダーゼ活性をクエンチした後、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)で洗浄した。一次抗体はリン酸化TDP-43に対するウサギ抗体(proteintech)を使用し、二次抗体はペルオキシダーゼ標識デキストランポリマー(Dako Envision+、Dako)に結合させたヤギ抗ウサギ免疫グロブリンを使用した。3,3'-ジアミノベンジジン(DAB)発色反応後、脱水、透徹、封入した。また、顕微鏡画像を撮影後、盲検化された評価者が細胞質にリン酸化TDP-43陽性を示す脊髄前角細胞の割合を目視で計測して、抗RGMa中和抗体を投与したm PFN1マウス(2匹)と対照抗体を投与したmPFN1マウス(3匹)の各々を比較した。その結果を図8に示す。
FTD患者9名、対照者(その他の神経変性疾患患者(OND)32名、非神経変性疾患患者(ND)24名)から髄液を採取し、直ちに400g、4℃で10分間遠心分離を行った。CSFの上清は、使用するまで-80℃で保存した。その他の神経変性疾患患者(OND)としては、多発性硬化症、視神経脊髄炎、パーキンソン病、慢性炎症性脱髄性多発神経炎および頚椎症に罹患した患者を対象とし、非神経変性疾患患者(ND)としては、正常圧水頭症、筋疾患、末梢神経疾患および解離性障害に罹患した患者を対象とした。
CSF中の可溶型RGMaの濃度を、酵素免疫吸着測定法(ELISA)キット(R & D systems)を用いて、測定した。その結果を図9に示す。
FTD患者の髄液中の可溶型RGMaは、非神経変性疾患患者(ND)およびその他の神経変性疾患(OND)と比較して有意に増加していた。これらのデータは、RGMaがFTD患者の髄液で増加しておりFTDの病態に寄与していることを示している。
配列番号1 :ヒトRGMa前駆タンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号2 :マウスRGMa前駆タンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号3 :ラットRGMa前駆タンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号4 :ヒトRGMa遺伝子のDNA配列
配列番号5 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号6 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号7 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号8 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号9 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号10:抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号11:抗RGMa中和抗体r70E4のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号12:抗RGMa中和抗体r70E4のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号13:抗RGMa中和抗体r70E4のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号14:抗RGMa中和抗体r70E4のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号15:抗RGMa中和抗体r70E4のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号16:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号17:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号18:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号19:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号20:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号21:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号22:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号23:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号24:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号25:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号26:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号27:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号28:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号29:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号30:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号31:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号32:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号33:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号34:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号35:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1YのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号36:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号37:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号38:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号39:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号40:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1FのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号41:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1HのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号42:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1LのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号43:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1VのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号44:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1IのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号45:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1KのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号46:抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3(ヒト化抗体)の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号47:抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3(ヒト化抗体)の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号48:抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3(ヒト化抗体)の軽鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号49:抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3(ヒト化抗体)の重鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号50:抗RGMa中和抗体r70E4の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号51:抗RGMa中和抗体r70E4の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号52:抗RGMa中和抗体r70E4の軽鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号53:抗RGMa中和抗体r70E4の重鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号54:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号55:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号56:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号57:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号58:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号59:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号60:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1Yの軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列
配列番号61:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1Y-QLの軽鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号62:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1Y-QLの重鎖アミノ酸配列
Claims (13)
- RGMa阻害物質を有効成分とする、異常タンパク質凝集体蓄積抑制剤。
- RGMa阻害物質を有効成分とする、異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込み阻害剤。
- 異常タンパク質凝集体蓄積抑制剤又は異常タンパク質の神経細胞内への取り込み阻害剤が、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療剤である、請求項1又は2に記載の剤。
- 異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患が、脊髄小脳変性症、脊髄小脳失調症、歯状核赤核淡蒼球ルイ体萎縮症、脆弱X関連振戦/運動失調症候群、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、脆弱X症候群、脆弱XE症候群、筋強直性ジストロフィー(1型)、致死性不眠症、前頭側頭型認知症又は前頭側頭葉変性症、ピック病、原発性進行性失語、原発性進行性非流暢性失語、進行性核上性麻痺、大脳皮質基底核変性症、嗜銀顆粒性認知症、グリア細胞球状封入体タウオパチー及びレビー小体型認知症から選ばれる疾患である、請求項3に記載の剤。
- 異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患が、前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)又は前頭側頭葉変性症(FTLD)である、請求項3又は4に記載の剤。
- RGMa阻害物質が抗RGMa中和抗体である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
- 抗RGMa中和抗体がヒト化抗体である、請求項6に記載の剤。
- 抗RGMa中和抗体が配列番号16、配列番号36、配列番号37、配列番号38及び配列番号39から選択されるアミノ酸配列を認識する抗体である、請求項6又は7に記載の剤。
- 抗RGMa中和抗体が、下記(a)~(l):
(a)配列番号5に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号7に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号9に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号10に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(b)配列番号11に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号12に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号13に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号14に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号15に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及びSFGをアミノ酸配列に含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(c)配列番号17に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号18に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号19に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号21に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号22に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(d)配列番号23に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号24に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号25に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号27に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号28に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(e)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号31に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(f)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号35に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(g)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号40に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(h)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号41に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(i)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号42に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(j)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号43に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(k)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号44に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、及び
(l)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号45に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
から選択される抗体である、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の剤。 - 治療を要する哺乳動物に対して有効量のRGMa阻害物質を投与することを含む、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療方法。
- RGMa阻害物質が抗RGMa中和抗体である、請求項10に記載の予防又は治療方法。
- RGMa阻害物質の、異常タンパク質凝集体の蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療剤の製造のための使用。
- RGMa阻害物質が抗RGMa中和抗体である、請求項12に記載の使用。
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| JP2024557416A JPWO2024101345A1 (ja) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | |
| IL320654A IL320654A (en) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Agent for preventing or treating disease associated with accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates |
| AU2023377201A AU2023377201A1 (en) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Agent for preventing or treating disease associated with accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates |
| KR1020257017364A KR20250095703A (ko) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | 이상 단백질의 응집체 축적이 관여하는 질환의 예방 또는 치료제 |
| EP23888692.3A EP4616866A1 (en) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Agent for preventing or treating disease associated with accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates |
| CN202380077300.7A CN120152741A (zh) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | 异常蛋白的聚集体蓄积所参与的疾病的预防或治疗剂 |
| MX2025005264A MX2025005264A (es) | 2022-11-07 | 2025-05-06 | Agente para prevenir o tratar enfermedades asociadas con la acumulacion de agregados proteicos anormales |
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| PCT/JP2023/040020 Ceased WO2024101345A1 (ja) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | 異常タンパク質の凝集体蓄積が関与する疾患の予防又は治療剤 |
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| EP (1) | EP4616866A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2024101345A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20250095703A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN120152741A (ja) |
| AR (1) | AR130982A1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2023377201A1 (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL320654A (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX2025005264A (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2024101345A1 (ja) |
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- 2023-11-07 AR ARP230102980A patent/AR130982A1/es unknown
- 2023-11-07 CN CN202380077300.7A patent/CN120152741A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-07 WO PCT/JP2023/040020 patent/WO2024101345A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-07 TW TW112142807A patent/TW202434285A/zh unknown
- 2023-11-07 EP EP23888692.3A patent/EP4616866A1/en active Pending
- 2023-11-07 JP JP2024557416A patent/JPWO2024101345A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-11-07 AU AU2023377201A patent/AU2023377201A1/en active Pending
- 2023-11-07 KR KR1020257017364A patent/KR20250095703A/ko active Pending
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| IL320654A (en) | 2025-07-01 |
| KR20250095703A (ko) | 2025-06-26 |
| CN120152741A (zh) | 2025-06-13 |
| MX2025005264A (es) | 2025-06-02 |
| TW202434285A (zh) | 2024-09-01 |
| EP4616866A1 (en) | 2025-09-17 |
| AU2023377201A1 (en) | 2025-06-05 |
| AR130982A1 (es) | 2025-02-05 |
| JPWO2024101345A1 (ja) | 2024-05-16 |
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