WO2024194670A1 - Anti-freezing device in gardens and preventing temperature drift by infrared laser - Google Patents

Abstract

An antifreeze device for trees to prevent temperature drift consisting of a spherical mobile body and an infrared laser system. Spherical body consist s of an adjustable metal body which is made of steel and a structure which houses laser generators. To prevent freezing of trees/temperature drift, the system projects infrared laser light on top of the trees to ensure that temperature is maintained above a certain degree.

Description

Anti-freezing device in gardens and preventing temperature drift by infrared laser

Area : agriculture machinary

Introduction

The growth and performance of agricultural plants is a function of all environmental factors and their interactions. These factors include weather factors, soil moisture, food and gases, which increase or decrease plant growth depending on their amount in the environment.

Among these factors, latitude, height above sea level, distance and gradient to the sea and slope as the most important climatic factors and rainfall, solar radiation (including the length of the lighting period), air temperature, air humidity, soil humidity, soil temperature and Wind can be named as the most important meteorological variables that have the greatest impact on agriculture.

Temperature and its vital effects on the plant

The temperature of the plants is not constant and changes under the influence of temperature changes in the surrounding environment. In autumn and spring, the ambient temperature changes a lot, so that sometimes the temperature even drops below zero degrees.

In this situation, most of the vital reactions of plants, which require physical and chemical processes and are controlled by temperature, have problems.

All the vital activities of plants are carried out in the temperature range of 0 to 50 degrees Celsius, which is the coagulation point of proteins. Beyond these temperatures, the chemical structure of proteins (enzymes) changes and as a result the biological activities of plants stop, or start to stop.

The temperature at which the optimal growth of the plant takes place depends on the plant species, the developmental stage and the special physiological stage of the growth process of that plant and it is different in different plants. An average temperature of 10 to 30 degrees Celsius is suitable for most crops.

For example, the growth of cold-loving plants (such as wheat, barley, potatoes, peas, beans, sugar beets, linseed, etc.) is better in cool weather and they are damaged in high temperatures. These plants are naturally long-day and can withstand temperatures of -2 degrees Celsius or less.

Temperature inversion

During the day, the air on the surface of the earth is heated by conduction and rises up due to its lightness. The warm ascending air mixes with the cooler air in the upper layers of the air, so that the air temperature first decreases rapidly several meters above the ground and then decreases with increasing altitude at a slower rate, and an altitude-dependent temperature profile along It is formed during the day, while at night, long wavelength radiation always goes from the surface of the earth to the sky.

The air above the ground gets cold due to the contact with the cold air on the ground surface, and because it rises from the warm air during the day, it is heavier and remains near the ground surface. This makes the ground temperature lower at night compared to the air temperature above it. Temperature inversion near the ground is referred to as the temperature increases with the increase in height above the earth's surface. In such a situation, the colder air is placed under the warmer air.

As a result of the temperature inversion, the air temperature in a few meters above the ground surface increases, contrary to the general rule (increase in altitude causes the temperature to decrease) and above this specific height, the air temperature decreases slowly like a daily profile, which It is known as night profile or inversion profile.

In general, the height of inversion in Marza is about 8 to 15 meters.

Thermal condition of the plant and radiation energy balance

As a result of the existence of a positive energy balance during the day, the earth is heated by part of the solar energy that reaches the surface of the soil, and some heat is also directed to the depths of the soil.

But when the sun sets and the night approaches, the release of thermal radiation or the loss of heat from the surface of the earth (from the surface of the soil, water, vegetation, etc.) through radiation (long wave) causes it to cool down and causes the air layer to cool down. It is adjacent to itself and the layers above it and causes the production of cold layers and the occurrence of radiative cooling and may even lead to the occurrence of freezing. The reason forthis is that the temperature of the soil is lowerthan the surrounding air, energy is transferred through movement from the warm soil to the relatively cold air nearby. In this way, the air near the surface of the earth is heated and rises to higher layers at the same time, and cold air takes its place. This process repeats continuously in the lower levels of the Earth's atmosphere.

The presence of cloud cover reduces cooling at night, because clouds absorb some of the invisible radiation emitted from the Earth's surface and return some of it back to Earth.

The occurrence of radiation cold, especially in the cold season, causes the occurrence of critical temperatures and the occurrence of ice caps in the region, which are called radiation ice caps.

Energy balance in a frosty night

In the conditions of radiation frosts, energy is wasted through radiation from the soil surface. Energy is supplied to plants through three ways: radiation towards the end of the sky, conduction of heat upwards in the soil layers and movement of warm air to cold plants. In clear sky conditions, the amount of heat that is wasted is more than the heat that is provided through these processes.

If there is no condensation, freezing or evaporation in the garden, the amount of radiation balance reaches -18 watts per square meter, while if the air in the garden is cloudy or foggy, depending on the amount of heat stored in the soil and the wind speed, The rate of heat transfer and energy balance components change.

Studying previous knowledge

In cloudy or foggy conditions, terminal radiation increases, depending on the temperature of clouds and fog, and energy loss decreases or reaches zero.

In this condition, due to the increase of energy input to the garden by about 230 (watts per square meter), the air temperature is always higher than in clear weather conditions. Therefore, by creating artificial fog in the garden, it is possible to increase the amount of energy entering the garden and prevent the decrease or change in the amount of lost net energy (-18 watts per square meter). During radiative freezing, when wind speeds exceed 2 m/s (5 mph), heat transfer by convection increases sufficiently to compensate for the heat lost.

Latent heat is also a factor that becomes important only in the presence of water and its role is generally neglected except in cases where irrigation is used to protect against freezing.

Prediction of the date of frost

There are different methods to control the temperature in agricultural and garden plants. Many methods and experiences are based on agricultural meteorological forecasts in cold regions. These forecasts are made with the aim of protecting the plant during the growing period from planting to harvesting and finally increasing agricultural production.

Investigating the existing relationships between different agricultural meteorological phenomena can be the main criterion for long-term forecasts. In order to predict the growing conditions of plants in the future in a certain region, the characteristic of longterm atmospheric factors in these regions should be analyzed. For this purpose, one should be aware of meteorological observation information and its subsequent analysis.

Creating a windbreak around the garden

Cultivation of windbreak trees such as sycamore, maple, etc. in the north direction where cold winds blow will protect the fruit trees from the cold.

Putting heaters or garden poles in different parts of the garden and burning materials such as oil wood or diesel will heat up the garden. This method may not have much effect in cold regions, but it can be effective in semi-tropical regions, for example, in citrus, pomegranate, fig, olive, etc. gardens. Meteorological observatories are usually prepared and expressed as part of a huge national or regional network and in standard conditions. This heavy task is monitored and followed up by the World Agriculture Organization (WMO). In the field of agriculture, in order to carry out logical observations with standards, the experts of this organization have provided detailed details of the place and how to install tools related to agricultural meteorological operations in the form of bulletins and booklets. Today, there are various methods for determining critical temperatures and calculating the probability of their occurrence, among which he pointed to charts, experimental and scientific formulas, and various tables.

Full description of the invention and statement of the solution

This device fills an important gap in existing CW laser technology. It offers various tunable laser diode platforms to provide wide wavelength coverage below 2 pm. Wavelengths longer than 4 pm can be produced by quantum cascade lasers. Interband cascade lasers are the only laser diode technology with direct emission between 2 and 4 pm, and these lasers have very small tuning ranges (a few nanometers) and low output power (1 mW). The device laser relies on long experience with efficient nonlinear frequency conversion of diode lasers to produce a high-power laser with a wide tuning range.

The device consists of the above 5 lasers, which is placed on top of a tower with a height of 3 meters. The lasers are placed on a spherical plate with a radius of 15 cm, which has a motor to move up, down, left and right. which simultaneously moves up and down and left and right to emit a network of infrared lasers in a radius of 100 meters.

This creates a layer of infrared light in the air and on the top of the tree and prevents the sun's energy from passing through the surface of the tree.

During the day, when the sun gives energy to the earth, this device, like the earth's atmosphere, locks the sun's energy between the device and the tree during the evening until part of the night, and makes the tree not freeze, and at least 5 degrees of temperature difference with the part above the laser surface.

This device is also used in large places to prevent energy loss For example, it can be used in factories and sports halls so that the energy from the heating equipment does not go to the ceiling and remains at the desired height.

Applications

Gardens .sport salons factories

Advantages energy saving

Ease of installation

Very low price

Ability to work with solar cells

High working Radius

Fig i:

Laser light case for making laser mesh

Claims

Claims : the antifreeze wind-proof device of trees, it is characterized in that:

It consists of two parts: a spherical mobile body and an infrared laser heli system.

The body part in the claim is made of two parts, the metal body is made of steel with a thickness of 1 mm with electrostatic paint and the mesh part is made of transparent polyethylene plastic, which is resistant to the infrared laser and also passes through it and is unbreakable.

2. cw infrared lasers with a power of 1 milliwatt.

3. The bottom of the body has a round top, bottom, right, left motor to create a laser grid

4. The base of the device can be adjusted in different heights.

5. The device is not only used in agricultural gardens, but can be used in buildings and large sports halls or production