WO2024193505A1 - Antenna system and communication device - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed in embodiments of the present application are an antenna system and a communication device. The antenna system comprises a first antenna and a second antenna. The first antenna comprises: a feed source, wherein the feed source is used for emitting electromagnetic waves; a first reflector, wherein a reflecting surface of the first reflector faces the feed source, and the first reflector is used for reflecting the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source; and a second reflector, wherein the feed source is located between the second reflector and the first reflector, the feed source is arranged close to a reflecting surface of the second reflector, and the second reflector is used for reflecting the electromagnetic waves reflected by the first reflector. The second antenna comprises an optical fiber and a lens assembly connected to the optical fiber. The first reflector comprises a first through hole, and the optical fiber is arranged in the first through hole in a penetrating manner, facilitating installation. The lens assembly is located on the side of the first reflector away from the second reflector. The first antenna and the second antenna can share the aperture of the second reflector, such that the occupied space is smaller. Moreover, the two antennas are mixed and networked, thereby achieving channel complementation, and improving the communication performance.

Description

Antenna systems and communication equipment

This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on March 20, 2023, with application number 202310313243.X and application name “Antenna System and Communication Equipment”, all contents of which are incorporated by reference in this application.

Technical Field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of antennas, and in particular, to an antenna system and communication equipment.

Background Art

Currently, millimeter wave antennas are widely used in the field of wireless communications, and millimeter waves have become the main frequency band for microwave backhaul. However, millimeter waves attenuate more severely in the atmosphere, affecting the communication distance of the backhaul link.

Wireless light has stronger resistance to rain attenuation, while millimeter waves have stronger resistance to fog attenuation and snow attenuation.

Therefore, hybrid networking of millimeter wave antennas and optical antennas can achieve channel complementarity and improve the communication performance of long-distance wireless backhaul.

Currently, there are some millimeter wave and wireless optical hybrid networking solutions. As shown in FIG2 , the communication device 002 includes: a millimeter wave antenna and an optical antenna.

The millimeter wave antenna comprises: a millimeter wave feed source 10 and a reflection surface 11 which are sequentially arranged along the x direction.

The optical antenna comprises: a dielectric dichroic mirror 12, a lens assembly 14 and a wireless light source 13 which are sequentially arranged along the x direction.

The millimeter wave emitted by the millimeter wave feed source 10 is reflected by the reflection surface 11 and then emitted in the -x direction. The wireless light emitted by the wireless light source 13 is transmitted to the dielectric dichroic mirror 12 through the lens assembly 14 and the reflection surface 11, and then reflected by the dielectric dichroic mirror 12 and then reflected by the reflection surface 11, and finally emitted in the -x direction.

However, the millimeter wave feed source is placed in front, and its feed loss and feed line shielding have a greater impact on the antenna gain. In addition, the millimeter wave and wireless light share the reflection surface 11, and the reflection surface 11 cannot meet the reflection requirements of both the millimeter wave and the wireless light at the same time.

The above-mentioned millimeter wave antennas and optical antennas are all deployed separately and need to be installed and aligned separately. In addition, the equipment is large in size, and the tower rental and installation costs are high, making it difficult to achieve large-scale deployment.

Summary of the invention

The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna system and communication equipment, which solve the problem of difficult assembly of a millimeter wave antenna and an optical antenna.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: In the first aspect, an antenna system is provided, comprising: a first antenna and a second antenna; the first antenna comprises: a feed source, the feed source is used to emit electromagnetic waves; a first reflector, the reflective surface of the first reflector faces the feed source, the first reflector is used to reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source; a second reflector, the feed source is located between the second reflector and the first reflector, and the feed source is arranged close to the reflective surface of the second reflector, the second reflector is used to reflect the electromagnetic waves reflected by the first reflector; the second antenna comprises: an optical fiber and a lens assembly connected to the optical fiber; the first reflector comprises a first through hole, the optical fiber is passed through the first through hole, and the lens assembly is located on the side of the first reflector away from the second reflector. Thus, the first antenna is a reflector antenna, the second antenna is an optical antenna, and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source of the first antenna are emitted after passing through the first reflector and the second reflector in sequence, wherein the aperture of the millimeter wave antenna can be a ring formed by the edge of the second reflector and the edge of the first reflector, that is, no millimeter wave is emitted within the aperture of the first reflector. The optical fiber of the optical antenna passes through the first reflector, and the wireless light is emitted from the center of the first reflector and emitted through the lens assembly. Among them, the lens assembly is opposite to the first reflector, so that the wireless light is within the dielectric lens (that is, within the aperture range of the first reflector), that is, the aperture of the optical antenna can be a circle surrounded by the edge of the dielectric lens. Therefore, the optical fiber is passed through the through hole of the first reflector, which is easier to install and align. In addition, the first antenna and the second antenna can share the aperture of the second reflector, occupying less space, which is conducive to reducing the size of the equipment and can achieve large-scale deployment. In addition, the interference between the first antenna and the second antenna is small, which improves the antenna efficiency. At the same time, hybrid networking of millimeter-wave antennas and optical antennas can achieve channel complementarity and improve the communication performance of long-distance wireless backhaul.

In an optional implementation, the focal track of the first reflector is a circular ring, which is perpendicular to the axis of the first antenna. Thus, the first antenna is a circular focus antenna, which can reduce the blocking of the electromagnetic waves reflected by the second reflector by the first reflector, and can also reduce the reflection of the first reflector to the feed source, so that the feed source and the first reflector can be designed very close, which is conducive to reducing the side lobes of the antenna. and standing wave ratio, improving antenna efficiency.

In an optional implementation, the first through hole is located at the center of the first reflector, thereby allowing the optical fiber to be located at the center of the first reflector, and using the first reflector as the aperture of the optical antenna, thereby improving aperture efficiency.

In an optional implementation, the feed source includes: a waveguide and a feed horn, and the optical fiber is passed through the waveguide and the feed horn. Thus, a coaxial structure of the first antenna and the second antenna is realized, which can assist in wireless optical alignment, reduce installation difficulty and time cost, and is conducive to promoting large-scale commercial use of hybrid networking products.

In an optional implementation, the waveguide tube includes: a first waveguide, a second waveguide, and a combined end of the first waveguide and the second waveguide, one end of the first waveguide and one end of the second waveguide are connected to the combined end, and the optical fiber enters the waveguide tube from the combined end. Thus, differential feeding can be achieved through the first waveguide and the second waveguide, and the optical fiber can pass through the gap between the first waveguide and the second waveguide to enter the combined end of the first waveguide and the second waveguide, without the need to set an additional opening on the waveguide to introduce the optical fiber, thereby reducing production costs.

In an optional implementation, the waveguide further includes: a third waveguide and a fourth waveguide, one end of the third waveguide and one end of the fourth waveguide are connected to the combined end, and the polarization directions of the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide are orthogonal to the polarization directions of the first waveguide and the second waveguide. Thus, by providing the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide, the dual polarization of the antenna can be achieved, saving the space occupied by the dual polarization antenna.

In an optional implementation, the method further includes: a metal tube, which is arranged in the feed source, one end of which is connected to the port of the combiner end, and the other end of which is connected to the first reflector, and the optical fiber is passed through the metal tube. Thus, the metal tube can not only provide support for the first reflector, but also further reduce the leakage of millimeter waves and reduce the impact of the optical fiber transmission line on millimeter wave radiation.

In an optional implementation, the metal tube is coaxially arranged with the first antenna. Thus, a coaxial structure of the first antenna and the second antenna is realized, which can assist in wireless optical alignment, reduce installation difficulty and time cost, and is conducive to promoting large-scale commercial use of hybrid networking products.

In an optional implementation, the combined end of the first waveguide and the second waveguide is provided with a step structure, and the step surface of the step structure is perpendicular to the axis of the first antenna. Thus, by providing the step structure, the influence of the optical fiber on the transmission mode of the millimeter wave antenna can be reduced, and the distortion of the radiation beam can be reduced.

In an optional implementation, the material of the step structure includes: metal. Thus, the performance of the step structure can be improved and the impact on the transmission mode of the millimeter wave antenna can be better reduced.

In an optional implementation, the lens assembly and the first antenna are coaxially arranged, so that the lens assembly, that is, the optical antenna, can better reuse the aperture of the first reflector, and the interference between the first antenna and the second antenna is small, thereby improving the antenna efficiency.

In an optional implementation, the aperture of the lens assembly is smaller than or equal to the aperture of the first reflector. Thus, the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna is improved, the mutual interference between the first antenna and the second antenna can be further reduced, and the antenna efficiency is improved.

In an optional implementation, it further includes: a transceiver, and the feed source and the optical fiber are both connected to the transceiver. Therefore, the transceiver can realize the reception and transmission of electromagnetic waves and wireless light.

In an optional implementation, the second reflector includes: a second through hole, and the transceiver is located in the second through hole. Therefore, the transceiver is arranged in the through hole of the second reflector, which can reduce the space occupied by the transceiver.

In an optional implementation, the second through hole is located at the center of the second reflector. This facilitates the coaxiality of the feed source and the optical fiber, assists in wireless optical alignment, reduces installation difficulty and time cost, and is conducive to promoting large-scale commercial use of hybrid networking products.

In an optional implementation, the first antenna is a millimeter wave antenna. Therefore, the millimeter wave antenna and the optical antenna have different channel anti-attenuation performance in different environments. Mixing the millimeter wave and optical antennas can achieve channel complementarity and improve the communication performance of the antenna.

In an optional implementation, the lens assembly includes: a dielectric lens, which is arranged on a side of the optical fiber away from the first reflector. Thus, the dielectric lens can be used as an optical antenna.

In an optional implementation, the lens assembly further includes: a fiber beam expander, the fiber beam expander is located between the first reflector and the dielectric lens, and the fiber beam expander is connected to the optical fiber, and the dielectric lens is arranged on the light output side of the fiber beam expander. Thus, the light beam expander can expand the wireless light emitted from the optical fiber.

In a second aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising the above antenna system. Thus, the communication device adopts the above antenna to reduce the difficulty of installation.

In an optional implementation, the communication device is a wireless backhaul base station. Thus, the antenna is used in a wireless backhaul node to achieve channel complementarity and improve the communication performance of long-distance wireless backhaul.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the communication device in FIG3;

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device in FIG5;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG8 is a partial enlarged view of position 1002 in FIG7 ;

FIG9 is a perspective view of position 1002 in FIG7 ;

FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG11 is a partial enlarged view of position 1002 in FIG10 ;

FIG12 is a perspective view of position 1002 in FIG10 ;

FIG13 is another partial enlarged view of the position 1002 in FIG10 ;

FIG. 14 is another stereoscopic view of position 1002 in FIG. 10 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In the following, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

In addition, in the present application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation of the components in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, and they can change accordingly according to the changes in the orientation of the components in the drawings.

The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

Cassegrain antenna: includes: a second reflector, a first reflector and a radiation source. The second reflector is a rotating parabola, and the first reflector is a rotating hyperboloid. Structurally, one focus of the hyperboloid coincides with the focus of the parabola, the focal axis of the hyperboloid coincides with the focal axis of the parabola, and the radiation source is located at the other focus of the hyperboloid. The electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation source can be reflected by the first reflector once, and then reflected by the second reflector to obtain a plane wave beam in the corresponding direction, so as to achieve directional emission.

Ring-focus antenna: The second reflector of the ring-focus antenna is a rotating parabola, the busbar of the first reflector is an ellipse or a hyperbola, and the focal trajectory of the ring-focus antenna is a circular ring.

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG1 , the communication system includes: context-aware sensors 001 and communication equipment 002.

Among them, the environmental perception sensor 001 is used to obtain environmental information, for example: it can determine fog, rain, and snow environments.

An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, which may include at least one transmitting device and at least one receiving device.

The transmitting device is used to transmit electromagnetic waves. The transmitting device can be an evolved Node B (eNB), a radio network controller (RNC), a Node B (NB), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a home base station (e.g., home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), a baseband unit (BBU), an access point (AP) in a wireless fidelity (WIFI) system, a wireless relay node, a wireless backhaul node, a transmission point (TP), or a transmitting and receiving station. The transmission and reception point (TRP) may also be a gNB in a 5G system, such as a new radio (NR) system, or a transmission point (TRP or TP), one or a group of antenna panels of a base station in a 5G system, etc., without exhausting the examples.

The above-mentioned receiving device is used to receive electromagnetic waves, and the transmitting device can be an evolved node B, a wireless network controller, a node B, a base station controller, a base station transceiver, a home base station, a baseband unit, an access point wireless relay node, a wireless backhaul node, a transmission point or a sending and receiving point in a wireless fidelity system, etc. It can also be 5G, such as a gNB in an NR system, or a transmission point, one or a group of antenna panels of a base station in a 5G system, etc. It can also be a user equipment (UE), a mobile station and a remote station, etc. It is a network device with a wireless receiving function. The terminal can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on the water (such as a ship, etc.); it can also be deployed in the air (for example, on an airplane, a balloon and a satellite, etc.), specifically a mobile phone (mobile phone). hone), tablet computer (Pad), computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (VR) terminal equipment, augmented reality (AR) terminal equipment, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self driving, wireless terminals in remote medical, wireless terminals in smart grid, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart city, wireless terminals in smart home, etc., not to be exhaustive.

The communication equipment may include: an antenna system for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves. In one embodiment, the communication equipment may be a ground station, which is a component of a satellite or aerospace system, that is, a ground device for space communication set on the earth. For example, it is a ground device for artificial satellite communication set on the surface of the earth (including installed on ships and aircraft). When working, it can transmit signals to satellites and receive signals transmitted by satellites.

In another embodiment, the communication device may be a base station for wireless backhaul, that is, to complete data communication between the base station and the core network. Among them, wireless backhaul technology includes microwave transmission and wireless optical backhaul technology. The communication device can be used in a wireless backhaul communication system, which generally includes at least one base station, each of which provides services for multiple terminals. One of the at least one base stations (such as base station A) is connected to the core network by wire/wireless, and the remaining base stations are connected to the core network through the base station A.

Among them, fog, rain, and snow environments have different impacts on the transmission links of different antennas.

For example, the attenuation effect of fog on Free Space Optical Communications (FSO) links is much greater than its effect on Radio Frequency (RF).

When the frequency of electromagnetic waves is higher than 40 GHz, the attenuation effect of rain on electromagnetic wave transmission links is much greater than the attenuation effect on free space optical communication links.

When the frequency of electromagnetic waves is less than 100 GHz, the attenuation effect of snow on electromagnetic wave transmission links is much smaller than the attenuation effect on free space optical communication links.

Therefore, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna system that hybridizes the electromagnetic wave 003 and the free space light 004 to achieve channel complementarity and improve long-distance wireless communication performance.

In some embodiments of the present application, the communication device 002 includes: a millimeter wave antenna and an optical antenna, wherein the millimeter wave antenna is used to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves to realize the above-mentioned electromagnetic wave transmission, and the optical antenna is used to receive and transmit wireless light to realize the above-mentioned free space optical communication.

The communication device 002 can control the operation of the millimeter wave antenna and the optical antenna according to the environmental information obtained by the environmental perception sensor 001.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device. As shown in Fig. 3, the communication device 002 includes: a millimeter wave antenna and an optical antenna.

In some embodiments of the present application, the millimeter wave antenna is a Cassegrain antenna, including: a feed source 100 , a second reflector 101 , a first reflector 102 , and a support tube 103 .

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4 , the reflection surface of the second reflector 101 is a rotational parabola, the reflection surface of the first reflector 102 is a rotational hyperboloid, and the reflection surface of the second reflector 101 is opposite to the reflection surface of the first reflector 102. The feed source 100 adopts a hollow metal waveguide design, which can completely confine the transmitted electromagnetic waves in the metal tube. The feed source 100 (waveguide) passes through the second reflector 101 and is opposite to the first reflector 102. In addition, the feed source 100 is connected to the first reflector 102 through a support tube 103.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the millimeter wave antenna in Fig. 3. As shown in Fig. 4, when working, the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source 100 is reflected by the first reflector 102 to the second reflector 101, and then emitted along the +x direction after being reflected by the second reflector.

The optical antenna includes: an optical fiber 200, and a lens assembly 14 connected to the optical fiber 200. The optical fiber 200 is arranged in the feed source 100. The optical fiber 200 is arranged in the waveguide (feed source 100) and the support tube 103.

The wireless light emitted by the optical fiber 200 is emitted along the +x direction through the lens assembly 14.

However, the Cassegrain antenna is an antenna system with two reflectors. The first reflector 102, the feed source 100 and the support tube 103 will cause shielding effects on the second reflector, causing the side lobes of the Cassegrain antenna to rise and the gain to decrease.

In addition, the coaxial scheme of millimeter-wave waveguide and optical fiber will affect the fundamental mode transmission, compressing the feed bandwidth to less than 2%, and the feed radiation distortion and the destruction of the first reflector structure make the antenna aperture efficiency only 26%.

The antenna aperture is a parameter indicating the efficiency of the antenna in receiving radio waves, and refers to the area perpendicular to the direction of the incident electromagnetic wave and effectively intercepting the energy of the incident electromagnetic wave. For example, in the antenna shown in FIG4 , the aperture of the millimeter wave antenna can be a circle formed by the edge of the second reflector 101 .

To this end, an embodiment of the present application provides an improved antenna system.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 5, the antenna system includes: a transceiver 1001, and a first antenna and a second antenna connected to the transceiver 1001, and the first antenna and the second antenna share a common aperture.

In one embodiment, the first antenna is a millimeter wave antenna for transmitting and receiving millimeter waves. The second antenna is an optical antenna for transmitting and receiving wireless light.

The transceiver 1001 is used to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves through the first antenna, and to receive or transmit wireless light through the second antenna.

The first antenna includes: a second reflector 1004 , a feed source 1002 , and a first reflector 1005 , which are sequentially arranged along the +z direction. The feed source 1002 is located between the second reflector 1004 and the first reflector 1005 .

The second reflector 1004 includes a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other, and the first reflector 1005 includes a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other, wherein the first surface of the second reflector 1004 and the second surface of the first reflector 1005 are opposite to each other.

In some embodiments, the first surface of the second reflector 1004 may serve as a reflective surface of the second reflector 1004 , and the second surface of the first reflector 1005 may serve as a reflective surface of the first reflector 1005 .

As shown in Figure 6, when the first antenna is working, the feed source 1002 transmits electromagnetic waves to the first reflector 1005. The first reflector 1005 can reflect the electromagnetic waves generated by the feed source 1002 to the second reflector 1004. The second reflector 1004 can reflect the electromagnetic waves reflected by the first reflector 1005, so that the electromagnetic waves are emitted along the +z direction.

The second antenna includes: an optical fiber 1003 and a lens assembly which are sequentially arranged along the +z direction. The lens assembly is connected to the optical fiber 1003 .

In one embodiment, the lens assembly includes: a fiber beam expander 1006 and a dielectric lens 1007, which are sequentially arranged along the +z direction. The fiber beam expander 1006 is located between the optical fiber 1003 and the dielectric lens 1007, and the fiber beam expander 1006 is connected to the optical fiber 1003, and the dielectric lens 1007 is arranged on the light output side of the fiber beam expander 1006.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first reflector 1005 includes a first through hole, the optical fiber 1003 is passed through the first through hole, and the lens assembly is located on the side of the first reflector far from the second reflector 1004. In one embodiment, the first through hole is located at the center of the first reflector. Thus, the optical fiber can be located at the center of the first reflector, and the first reflector is used as the aperture of the optical antenna, thereby improving the aperture efficiency.

In one embodiment, the optical fiber beam expander 1006 can change the beam diameter and divergence angle. The beam emitted from the optical fiber has a certain divergence angle, and the optical fiber beam expander 1006 can be adjusted to make the beam a collimated (parallel) beam.

The dielectric lens 1007 is used to adjust the light emitted by the optical fiber beam expander 1006, such as controlling and changing the direction or thickness of the light beam, as well as focusing and defocusing.

As shown in FIG6 , when the second antenna is working, the wireless light emitted by the optical fiber 1003 is irradiated to the dielectric lens 1007 through the optical fiber beam expander 1006 , so that the wireless light is emitted along the +z direction.

Thus, the first antenna is a reflector antenna, the second antenna is an optical antenna, the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source of the first antenna passes through the first reflector and the second reflector in sequence and then is emitted, the optical fiber of the second antenna passes through the first reflector, and the wireless light is emitted from the center of the first reflector and then emitted through the lens assembly. Among them, the aperture of the first antenna can be a ring formed by the edge of the second reflector and the edge of the first reflector, that is, no millimeter wave is emitted within the aperture of the first reflector.

The optical fiber of the second antenna passes through the first reflector, and the wireless light is emitted from the center of the first reflector and emitted through the lens assembly. The lens assembly is opposite to the first reflector, so that the wireless light is within the dielectric lens (that is, the aperture range of the first reflector). In other words, the aperture of the optical antenna can be a circle surrounded by the edge of the dielectric lens. Therefore, the optical fiber is passed through the through hole of the first reflector, which is easier to install and align. The first antenna and the second antenna can share the aperture of the second reflector, which takes up less space. It is helpful to reduce the size of equipment and realize large-scale deployment.

At the same time, hybrid networking of millimeter wave antennas and optical antennas can achieve channel complementarity and improve the communication performance of long-distance wireless backhaul.

In some embodiments of the present application, the second reflector includes: a second through hole, and the transceiver 1001 is located in the second through hole. In one embodiment, the second through hole is located at the center of the second reflector.

Therefore, setting the transceiver 1001 in the through hole of the second reflector can reduce the space occupied by the transceiver 1001, and setting the second through hole in the center of the second reflector 1004 can facilitate the coaxiality of the feed source and the optical fiber, assist in wireless optical alignment, reduce the installation difficulty and time cost, and help promote the large-scale commercial use of hybrid networking products.

In one embodiment, the first antenna is a ring-focus antenna. For example, the focal trajectory of the first reflector is a ring, and the ring is perpendicular to the axis of the first antenna. Therefore, the first antenna is a ring-focus antenna, which can reduce the blocking of the electromagnetic waves reflected by the second reflector by the first reflector, and can also reduce the reflection of the first reflector to the feed source, so that the feed source and the first reflector can be designed very close, which is conducive to reducing the side lobes and standing wave ratio of the antenna and improving the antenna efficiency.

In one embodiment, the circular ring formed by the focal track of the first reflector is greater than or equal to the aperture of the first reflector. The aperture of the first reflector may be a circular ring formed by the edge of the first reflector. Thus, the blocking of the electromagnetic waves reflected by the second reflector by the first reflector can be further reduced.

The structure of the first antenna is described below in conjunction with FIG6 . As shown in FIG6 , the reflection surface of the second reflector 1004 is a partial rotation parabola, the reflection surface of the first reflector 1005 is composed of an elliptical arc CB rotating around the axis OC of the second reflector, and the feed source 1002 is located at a focus M of the ellipsoidal surface. The radio waves radiated by the feed source 1002 are reflected by the first reflector 1005 and converge at another focus of the ellipsoidal surface. The focus of the first reflector 1005 is the focus of the parabola OD, so the electromagnetic waves reflected by the second reflector 1004 are emitted in parallel. Among them, the focus of the first reflector 1005 forms a circular ring perpendicular to the antenna axis, so this antenna is called a ring focus antenna. The design of the ring focus antenna can reduce the blocking of the electromagnetic waves by the first reflector 1005, and can also reduce the back reflection of the first reflector 1005 to the feed source 1002. The feed source 1002 and the first reflector 1005 can be designed to be very close, which is conducive to reducing the side lobes and standing wave ratio of the antenna in a wide band and improving the antenna efficiency.

Among them, in the ring-focus antenna, no electromagnetic waves are emitted in the XOY area where the first reflector 1005 is located. In the embodiment of the present application, a second antenna is arranged on the side of the first reflector 1005 away from the second reflector 1004, so that the second antenna can reuse the aperture of the relative area of the second reflector 1004 and the first reflector 1005, and reduce the mutual interference between the wireless light emitted by the second antenna and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the ring-focus antenna, thereby further improving the antenna efficiency.

Therefore, the first antenna is a ring-focus antenna, which can reduce the blocking of the first reflector to the electromagnetic waves reflected by the second reflector, and can also reduce the reflection of the first reflector to the feed source, so that the feed source and the first reflector can be designed very close, which is beneficial to reducing the side lobes and standing wave ratio of the antenna and improving the antenna efficiency.

The antenna aperture is a parameter indicating the efficiency of the antenna in receiving radio waves, and refers to the area perpendicular to the direction of the incident electromagnetic wave and effectively intercepting the energy of the incident electromagnetic wave. For example, in the antenna shown in FIG6 , the aperture of the first antenna can be a ring formed by the edge of the second reflector 1004 and the edge of the first reflector 1005 , and the aperture of the optical antenna can be a circle formed by the edge of the dielectric lens 1007 .

In some embodiments, the lens assembly and the first antenna are coaxially arranged, so that the lens assembly, that is, the second antenna, can better reuse the aperture of the first reflector, and the interference between the first antenna and the second antenna is small, thereby improving the antenna efficiency.

The aperture of the second antenna is smaller than or equal to the aperture of the first reflector 1005 .

In this way, mutual interference between the first antenna and the second antenna can be further reduced, thereby improving antenna efficiency.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the feeding method of the ring-focus antenna. In other embodiments, the ring-focus antenna adopts a differential feeding method. For example, as shown in 1002 in Figure 7, the transceiver 1001 is connected to the feed source 1002 via a waveguide 1008. In one embodiment, the waveguide 1008 is, for example, a hollow metal waveguide tube, which can completely confine the transmitted electromagnetic waves in the metal tube, also known as a closed waveguide.

FIG8 is an enlarged view of the portion 1002 in FIG7. FIG9 is a stereoscopic view of the portion 1002 in FIG7. As shown in FIG8 and FIG9, the feed source 1002 includes: a feed source horn 10021, a first waveguide 10081, a second waveguide 10082, and a combined end 10083 connected to the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082. A gap is provided between the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082. The optical fiber can pass through the gap to enter the combined end 10083 of the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082, and enter the feed source horn from the combined end 10083. 10021 , and finally passes through the first reflector 1005 .

Among them, the first waveguide 10081 includes a first end and a second end relative to each other, the second waveguide 10082 includes a first end and a second end relative to each other, the first end of the first waveguide 10081 and the first end of the second waveguide 10082 are connected to the combining end 10083, and the second end of the first waveguide 10081 and the second end of the second waveguide 10082 are connected to the transceiver 1001 through a waveguide tube.

In this way, the optical fiber and waveguide 1008 can be coaxial, which can assist in wireless optical alignment, reduce installation difficulty and time cost, and is conducive to promoting large-scale commercial use of wireless optical and electromagnetic wave hybrid networking products.

In order to reduce the effect of the coaxiality of the optical fiber 1003 and the differential feeding waveguide 1008 on the fundamental mode transmission, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, a step structure 10084 is further provided on the combined end 10083 of the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082. In one embodiment, the step surface of the step structure 10084 is perpendicular to the axis of the first antenna.

In one embodiment, the step structure 10084 includes a boss.

In one embodiment, the material of the boss includes: metal.

The boss is formed at the junction end 10083, and the boss can be a solid structure or a hollow structure. In this embodiment, the optical fiber 1003 needs to pass through the junction end 10083, so the boss can be made into a hollow structure.

The step structure 10084 can reduce the influence of the optical fiber 1003 on the transmission mode and reduce the distortion of the radiation beam.

In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 10, a metal tube 1009 can also be set in the feed source 1002, so that one end of the metal tube 1009 is connected to the port of the combining end, and the other end is connected to the first reflector 1005, and the optical fiber 1003 is passed through the metal tube 1009.

Therefore, the metal tube 1009 can not only be used to accommodate the optical fiber 1003, but also provide support for the first reflector 1005, so there is no need to set up other support rods, which saves space.

The metal tube can also further reduce the impact of the optical fiber transmission line on millimeter wave radiation, while reducing millimeter wave energy leakage.

Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of the 1002 in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a stereoscopic view of the 1002 in Fig. 10. As shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the feed source 1002 includes: a feed horn 10021, a first waveguide 10081, a second waveguide 10082, and a combining end 10083 connected to the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082, and a gap is provided between the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082.

In addition, the feed source 1002 is further provided with a metal tube 1009, which is passed through the feed source 1002, wherein one end of the metal tube 1009 is connected to the port of the combiner end, and the other end is connected to the first reflector 1005. The optical fiber can pass through the gap between the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082, penetrate into one end of the metal tube 1009, and pass out from the other end of the metal tube 1009.

Therefore, the metal tube can not only provide support for the first reflector, but also further reduce the leakage of millimeter waves and reduce the impact of the optical fiber transmission line on millimeter wave radiation.

In one embodiment, the metal tube 1009 is coaxially disposed with the first antenna.

In this way, the optical fiber and the metal tube can be coaxial, which can assist in wireless optical alignment, reduce the installation difficulty and time cost, and is conducive to promoting the large-scale commercial use of hybrid networking products.

In order to reduce the effect of the coaxiality of the optical fiber 1003 and the differential feeding waveguide 1008 on the fundamental mode transmission, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, a step structure 10084 is further provided on the combined end 10083 of the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082. In one embodiment, the step structure 10084 includes a plurality of bosses.

The step structure 10084 may be a plurality of bosses formed around the metal tube, and the bosses may be, for example, a solid metal structure.

The step structure 10084 can reduce the influence of the optical fiber 1003 on the transmission mode and reduce the distortion of the radiation beam.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first antenna is a dual-polarized antenna, and FIG. 13 is another partial enlarged view of 1002 in FIG. 10. FIG. 14 is another stereoscopic view of 1002 in FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, the feed source 1002 further includes: a third waveguide 10085 and a fourth waveguide 10086, one end of the third waveguide 10085 and one end of the fourth waveguide 10086 are connected to the combining end 10083, and the polarization directions of the third waveguide 10085 and the fourth waveguide 10086 are orthogonal to the polarization directions of the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082.

In some embodiments, the first waveguide 10081 and the second waveguide 10082 are horizontally polarized waveguides, and the third waveguide 10085 and the fourth waveguide 10086 are vertically polarized waveguides.

Therefore, by providing the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide, the dual polarization of the antenna can be achieved, saving the space occupied by the dual polarization antenna.

The antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: a first antenna and a second antenna, wherein the first antenna can be a reflector antenna. In some embodiments of the present application, the reflector antenna is a ring-focus antenna, including a second reflector, a feed source and a first reflector. The electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source of the first antenna passes through the first reflector and the second reflector in sequence and then is emitted, wherein the aperture of the first antenna can be a circular ring surrounded by the edge of the second reflector and the edge of the first reflector, that is, no millimeter wave is emitted within the aperture of the first reflector.

The optical fiber of the second antenna passes through the first reflector, and the wireless light is emitted from the center of the first reflector and emitted through the lens assembly. The lens assembly is opposite to the first reflector, so that the wireless light is within the dielectric lens (that is, within the aperture range of the first reflector). In other words, the aperture of the optical antenna can be a circle surrounded by the edge of the dielectric lens. Therefore, the optical fiber is passed through the through hole of the first reflector, which is easier to install and align. In addition, the first antenna and the second antenna can share the aperture of the second reflector, occupying a small space, which is conducive to reducing the size of the equipment and can achieve large-scale deployment.

In addition, the first antenna is used to transmit and receive millimeter waves. The second antenna includes: an optical fiber, and a lens assembly connected to the optical fiber, and the second antenna is used to transmit and receive wireless light. Among them, wireless light has a stronger advantage in resisting rain attenuation, and millimeter waves have stronger resistance to fog attenuation and snow attenuation. The first antenna and the second antenna are mixed and networked to achieve channel complementarity and improve the communication performance of long-distance wireless backhaul.

The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (20)

An antenna system, characterized by comprising: a first antenna and a second antenna; The first antenna comprises: A feed source, the feed source is used to transmit electromagnetic waves; A first reflector, wherein a reflecting surface of the first reflector faces the feed source, and the first reflector is used to reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source; a second reflector, wherein the feed source is located between the second reflector and the first reflector, and the feed source is arranged close to a reflection surface of the second reflector, and the second reflector is used to reflect the electromagnetic waves reflected by the first reflector; The second antenna includes: an optical fiber and a lens assembly connected to the optical fiber; the first reflector includes a first through hole, the optical fiber passes through the first through hole, and the lens assembly is located on a side of the first reflector away from the second reflector. The antenna system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the focal trajectory of the reflecting surface of the first reflector is a circular ring, and the circular ring is perpendicular to the axis of the first antenna. The antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first through hole is located at a center position of the first reflector. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that the feed source comprises: a waveguide and a feed horn, and the optical fiber is passed through the waveguide and the feed horn. The antenna system according to claim 4 is characterized in that the waveguide tube includes: a first waveguide, a second waveguide, and a combining end, one end of the first waveguide and one end of the second waveguide are both connected to the combining end, and the optical fiber enters the feed horn from the combining end. The antenna system according to claim 5 is characterized in that the waveguide tube further comprises: a third waveguide and a fourth waveguide, one end of the third waveguide and one end of the fourth waveguide are connected to the combining end, and the polarization directions of the third waveguide and the fourth waveguide are orthogonal to the polarization directions of the first waveguide and the second waveguide. The antenna system according to claim 5 or 6 is characterized in that it also includes: a metal tube, the metal tube is passed through the feed source, and one end of the metal tube is connected to the port of the combining end, and the other end is connected to the first reflector, and the optical fiber is passed through the metal tube. The antenna system according to claim 7, characterized in that the metal tube is coaxially arranged with the first antenna. The antenna system according to any one of claims 5 to 8 is characterized in that the combining end is provided with a step structure, and the step surface of the step structure is perpendicular to the axis of the first antenna. The antenna system according to claim 9, characterized in that the material of the step structure comprises: metal. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is characterized in that the lens assembly and the first antenna are coaxially arranged. The antenna system according to claim 11 is characterized in that the aperture of the lens assembly is smaller than or equal to the aperture of the first reflector. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is characterized in that it also includes: a transceiver, and the feed source and the optical fiber are both connected to the transceiver. The antenna system according to claim 13 is characterized in that the second reflector comprises: a second through hole, and the transceiver is located in the second through hole. The antenna system according to claim 14, characterized in that the second through hole is located at a center position of the second reflector. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the lens assembly comprises: a dielectric lens, and the dielectric lens is arranged on a side of the optical fiber away from the first reflector. The antenna system according to claim 16 is characterized in that the lens assembly also includes: a fiber optic beam expander, which is located between the first reflector and the dielectric lens, and the fiber optic beam expander is connected to the optical fiber, and the dielectric lens is arranged on the light output side of the fiber optic beam expander. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the first antenna is a millimeter wave antenna. A communication device, characterized in that the communication device comprises the antenna system described in any one of claims 1-17. The communication device according to claim 19 is characterized in that the communication device is a wireless backhaul base station.