WO2024192769A1

WO2024192769A1 - Device, method and computer readable medium for sidelink communications

Info

Publication number: WO2024192769A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/083411
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zhaobang MIAO; Jin Yang; Ying Zhao; Gang Wang
Original assignee: NEC Corp
Current assignee: NEC Corp
Priority date: 2023-03-23
Filing date: 2023-03-23
Publication date: 2024-09-26
Anticipated expiration: 2025-09-23

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods and computer readable media for sidelink communications. A first terminal device determines at least one of the following: a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of PSSCH transmissions from a second terminal device and a third terminal device, or a second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions. In turn, the first terminal device determines, based on at least one of the following, to transmit to one of the second and third terminal devices conflict information indicating at least one of the first conflict or the second conflict: comparison of priority values for the PSSCH transmissions, comparison of first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device with second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device, determination whether first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, or determination whether second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

Description

DEVICE, METHOD AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM FOR SIDELINK COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to device, method and computer readable medium for sidelink communications.

BACKGROUND

Enhanced sidelink operation on FR2 licensed spectrum may comprise the support of sidelink beam management (including initial beam-pairing, beam maintenance, and beam failure recovery, and so on) by reusing existing sidelink Channel State Information (CSI) framework and reusing Uu beam management concepts wherever possible. Beam management in Frequency Range 2 (FR2) licensed spectrum considers sidelink unicast communication only. Directional beam operation may have impacts on reception of Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) transmission at one terminal device. Directional beam operation may also have impacts on mode 2 resource sensing or selection at another terminal device performing the PSSCH transmission.

SUMMARY

In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices, methods and computer readable medium for sidelink communications.

In a first aspect, there is provided a first terminal device. The first terminal device comprises a processor. The processor is configured to cause the first terminal device to: determine at least one of the following: a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of PSSCH transmissions from a second terminal device and a third terminal device, or a second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions; and determine, based on at least one of the following, to transmit to one of the second and third terminal devices conflict information indicating at least one of the first conflict or the second conflict: comparison of priority values for the PSSCH transmissions, comparison of first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device with second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device, determination whether first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, or determination whether second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In a second aspect, there is provided a method for sidelink communications. The method comprises: determining, at a first terminal device, at least one of the following: a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of PSSCH transmissions from a second terminal device and a third terminal device, or a second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions; and determining, based on at least one of the following, to transmit to one of the second and third terminal devices conflict information indicating at least one of the first conflict or the second conflict: comparison of priority values for the PSSCH transmissions, comparison of first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device with second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device, determination whether first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, or determination whether second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In a third aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to the second aspect.

It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:

Fig. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;

Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of PSSCH transmissions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Fig. 3 illustrates an example of a second conflict for a reserved resource for PSSCH transmissions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Fig. 4 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Fig. 5 illustrates an example of the first conflict in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Fig. 6 illustrates an example scheme of solving the first conflict in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Fig. 7 illustrates an example scheme of solving the first conflict in accordance with other embodiments of the present disclosure;

Fig. 8 illustrates an example of the first conflict and the second conflict in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Fig. 9 illustrates an example of the second conflict in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

Figs. 10A and 10B illustrate an example of a symbol allocation in a sidelink slot in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively; and

Fig. 11 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.

Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.

In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure/network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Small Data Transmission (SDT) , mobility, Multicast and Broadcast Services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic/flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast/broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4/IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.

The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , Network-controlled Repeaters, and the like.

The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.

The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. Frequency Range 1 (FR1) (410 MHz –7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed/unlicensed/shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.

The network device may have the function of network energy saving, Self-Organizing Networks (SON) /Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.

The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator

The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.

As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘some embodiments’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least some embodiments. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.

In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.

Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in Fig. 1, the communication network 100 may include a first terminal device 110, a second terminal device 120, a third terminal device 130, network devices 140 and 150. The network devices 140 and 150 may communicate with the first terminal device 110, the second terminal device 120 and the third terminal device 130 via respective wireless communication channels.

In some embodiments, the network device 140 may be a gNB in NR. Thus, the network device 140 may be also referred to as an NR network device 140.

In some embodiments, the network device 150 may be an eNB in Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. Thus, the network device 150 may be also referred to as an LTE network device 150.

It is to be understood that the number of devices in Fig. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The communication network 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and/or terminal devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.

The communications in the communication network 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , LTE, LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. Furthermore, the communications may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols.

In some embodiments, the communications in the communication network 100 may comprise sidelink communication. Sidelink communication is a wireless radio communication directly between two or more terminal devices, such as two or more terminal devices among the first terminal device 110, the second terminal device 120 and the third terminal device 130. In this type of communication, the two or more terminal devices that are geographically proximate to each other can directly communicate without going through the network device 140 or 150 or through a core network. Data transmission in sidelink communication is thus different from typical cellular network communications, in which a terminal device transmits data to the network device 140 or 150 (i.e., uplink transmissions) or receives data from the network device 140 or 150 (i.e., downlink transmissions) . In sidelink communication, data is transmitted directly from a source terminal device (such as the first terminal device 110) to a destination terminal device (such as the second terminal device 120) through the Unified Air Interface, e.g., PC5 interface, (i.e., sidelink transmissions) , as shown in Fig. 1.

Sidelink communication can provide several advantages, including reducing data transmission load on a core network, system resource consumption, transmission power consumption, and network operation costs, saving wireless spectrum resources, and increasing spectrum efficiency of a cellular wireless communication system.

In a sidelink communication system, the sidelink resource is used to transmit information between terminal devices. According to application scenarios, service types, etc., a sidelink communication manner includes but is not limited to device to device (D2D) communication, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, etc.

V2X communication enables vehicles to communicate with other vehicles (i.e. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication) , with infrastructure (i.e. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) , with wireless networks (i.e. Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) communication) , with pedestrians (i.e. Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication) , and even with the owner's home (i.e. Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) ) . Examples of infrastructure include roadside units such as traffic lights, toll gates and the like. V2X communication can be used in a wide range of scenarios, including in accident prevention and safety, convenience, traffic efficiency and clean driving, and ultimately in relation to autonomous or self-driving vehicles.

For sidelink communications, a terminal device uses resources in sidelink resource pools to transmit or receive signals. The sidelink resource pools include resources in time domain and frequency domain, which are dedicated resources of the sidelink communication, or shared by the sidelink communication and a cellular link. For sidelink communications, two modes of resource allocation may be used for sidelink, including network device schedules sidelink resources for terminal devices to perform sidelink signal transmission, named as mode 1 resource scheme in NR sidelink, and terminal device selects sidelink resources by itself to perform sidelink signal transmission, named as mode 2 resource scheme in NR sidelink.

As described above, directional beam operation may have impacts on reception of PSSCH transmission at one terminal device. This will be described with reference to Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 illustrates an example 200 of a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of PSSCH transmissions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the example 200 will be described with reference to Fig. 1.

In the example 200, the first terminal device 110 may be a destination terminal device of both first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120 and second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130. For example, the first terminal device 110 may detect first sidelink control information (SCI) and second SCI that reserve first and second resources, respectively and both indicate an identifier (ID) of the first terminal device 110 in the “destination ID” field.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may determine, based on the following, that there is a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of the first and second PSSCH transmissions.

If the first terminal device 110 may have been indicated a first reserved resource 210 and a second reserved resource 220 as resources for PSSCH reception, the first terminal device 110 may detect first sidelink control information (SCI) that includes first spatial related information (such as first Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) , first quasi co-location (QCL) information or a first beam index) and a first priority value (represented by p₁) , and the first reserved resource 210 for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120. The first terminal device 110 may detect second SCI that includes second spatial related information (such as second TCI, second QCL information or a second beam index) and a second priority value (represented by p₂) , and the second reserved resource 220 for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130.

The first terminal device 110 may determine that receiving (RX) beams corresponding to transmission (TX) beams as indicated in the first spatial related information and the second spatial related information are different or non-overlapped.

The first terminal device 110 may determine that the first and second resources overlap in time (such as in the same slot) .

In turn, the first terminal device 110 may determine that there is the first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of the first and second PSSCH transmissions.

As described above, directional beam operation may also have impacts on mode 2 resource sensing or selection at a terminal device performing the PSSCH transmission. This will be described with reference to Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example 300 of a second conflict for a reserved resource for PSSCH transmissions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the example 300 will be described with reference to Fig. 1.

In the example 300, the first terminal device 110 may be a destination terminal device of both the first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120 and the second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may determine, based on the following, that there is a second conflict for a reserved resource for the first and second PSSCH transmissions.

If the first terminal device 110 may have been indicated a first reserved resource 310 and a second reserved resource 320 as resources for PSSCH reception, the first terminal device 110 may detect the first SCI that includes the first priority value (represented by p₁) , and the first reserved resource 310 for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120. The first terminal device 110 may detect second SCI that includes a second priority value (represented by p₂) , and the second reserved resource 320 for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130.

The first terminal device 110 may determine that the first and second resources overlap in time and frequency.

In turn, the first terminal device 110 may determine that there is the second conflict for a reserved resource for the first and second PSSCH transmissions.

In order to solve the above and other potential problems, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for sidelink communications. In the solution, a first terminal device determines at least one of the following: a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of PSSCH transmissions from a second terminal device and a third terminal device, or a second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions. In turn, the first terminal device determines, based on at least one of the following, to transmit to one of the second and third terminal devices conflict information indicating at least one of the first conflict or the second conflict: comparison of priority values for the PSSCH transmissions, comparison of first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device with second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device, determination whether first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, or determination whether second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

With this solution, more efficient transmission and reception under directional beam operation may be achieved.

Hereinafter, principle of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Figs. 4 to 11.

Fig. 4 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 400 can be implemented at a communication device, such as one of the first terminal device 110, the second terminal device 120 and the third terminal device 130 as shown in Fig. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described with reference to Fig. 1 as performed by the first terminal device 110 without loss of generality.

At block 410, the terminal device 110 determines at least one of the following: a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of PSSCH transmissions from a second terminal device and a third terminal device, or a second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions. Hereinafter, for brevity, the first conflict for receiving beams is also referred to as a “beam conflict” and the second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions is also referred to as a “resource conflict” .

At block 420, the first terminal device 110 determines, based on at least one of the following, to transmit to one of the second and third terminal devices conflict information indicating at least one of the first conflict or the second conflict: comparison of priority values for the PSSCH transmissions, comparison of first link quality between the first terminal device 110 and the second terminal device 120 with second link quality between the first terminal device 110 and the third terminal device 130, determination whether first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device 110 and the second terminal device 120, or determination whether second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device 110 and the third terminal device 130.

With the method 400, more efficient transmission and reception under directional beam operation may be achieved.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Figs. 5 to 10B.

Fig. 5 illustrates an example 500 of the first conflict (i.e., the beam conflict) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the example 500 will be described with reference to Fig. 1.

In the example 500, the first terminal device 110 may be a destination terminal device of both first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120 and second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130. For example, the first terminal device 110 may detect first SCI and second SCI that reserve first and second resources, respectively and both indicate an ID of the first terminal device 110 in the “destination ID” field.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may determine that there is the beam conflict based on the following.

If the first terminal device 110 may have been indicated a first reserved resource 510 and a second reserved resource 520 as resources for PSSCH reception, the first terminal device 110 may detect first sidelink control information (SCI) that includes first spatial related information (such as first TCI, first QCL information or a first beam index) and a first priority value (represented by p₁) , and the first reserved resource 510 for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120. The first terminal device 110 may detect second SCI that includes second spatial related information (such as second TCI, second QCL information or a second beam index) and a second priority value (represented by p₂) , and the second reserved resource 520 for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130.

The first terminal device 110 may determine that RX beams corresponding to TX beams as indicated in the first spatial related information and the second spatial related information are different or non-overlapped. For example, the first terminal device 110 may determine whether the two RX beams are different by internal information exchange.

The first terminal device 110 may determine that the first and second resources overlap in time (such as in a first slot) .

In turn, the first terminal device 110 may determine that there is the beam conflict.

In order to solve the beam conflict, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit to one of the second terminal device 120 and the third terminal device 130 conflict information indicating the beam conflict.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may compare a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120 with a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130. If the first priority value is greater than the second priority value, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit to the second terminal device 120 the conflict information indicating the beam conflict.

Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may compare a first link quality between the first terminal device 110 and the second terminal device 120 with a second link quality between the first terminal device 110 and the third terminal device 130. If the first link quality is worse than the second link quality, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit to the second terminal device 120 the conflict information indicating the beam conflict.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may determine the first link quality by measuring Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP) or Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of a first beam pair between the first terminal device 110 and the second terminal device 120. The first terminal device 110 may determine the second link quality in a similar way.

In some embodiments, upon receiving the conflict information indicating the beam conflict, the second terminal device 120 may perform resource reselection, as shown in Fig. 6. The reselected resource should be within a valid beam paring time window and at least later than a time length for the first terminal device 110 performing beam switch.

In some embodiments, in order to solve the beam conflict, the first terminal device 110 may determine to use a wider RX beam which can cover the two RX beams corresponding to the TX beams or determine to use omnidirectional beam for reception, if capability of the first terminal device 110 allows, as shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 8 illustrates an example 800 of the first conflict (i.e., the beam conflict) and the second conflict (i.e., the resource conflict) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the example 800 will be described with reference to Fig. 1.

In the example 800, the first terminal device 110 may be a destination terminal device of both first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120 and second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130. For example, the first terminal device 110 may detect first SCI and second SCI that reserve first and second resources, respectively and both indicate an ID of the first terminal device 110 in the “destination ID” field.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may determine that there is the beam conflict and the resource conflict based on the following.

If the first terminal device 110 may have been indicated a first reserved resource 810 and a second reserved resource 820 as resources for PSSCH reception, the first terminal device 110 may detect first SCI that includes first spatial related information (such as first TCI, first QCL information or a first beam index) and a first priority value (represented by p₁) , and the first reserved resource 810 for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120. The first terminal device 110 may detect second SCI that includes second spatial related information (such as second TCI, second QCL information or a second beam index) and a second priority value (represented by p₂) , and the second reserved resource 820 for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130.

The first terminal device 110 may determine that the first and second resources overlap in time (such as in a first slot) and frequency.

In turn, the first terminal device 110 may determine that there is the beam conflict and the resource conflict.

In some embodiments, in order to solve the beam conflict and the resource conflict, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit to one of the second terminal device 120 and the third terminal device 130 conflict information indicating the beam conflict and the resource conflict.

In some embodiments, in order to transmit the conflict information indicating the beam conflict and the resource conflict, the first terminal device 110 may determine a Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) resource for transmission of the conflict information based at least on an identity (ID) of the first terminal device 110 which is equal to zero. The first terminal device 110 may also determine a cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a sequence used for the transmission of the conflict information. The cyclic shift is equal to zero.

In other words, in such embodiments, considering behaviors of the second terminal device 120 may be same when the second terminal device 120 receives either an indication of the beam conflict or an indication of the resource conflict from the first terminal device 110, there is no difference between handling of the resource conflict and handling of the beam conflict. For example, when the second terminal device 120 receives either the indication of the beam conflict or the indication of the resource conflict, the second terminal device 120 may perform resource selection for the reserved resource.

For example, the first terminal device 110 may determine an index of the PSFCH resource for transmission of the conflict information based on the following:

where P_ID represents a physical layer source ID of the second terminal device 120, M_ID represents the ID of the first terminal device 110 and may be equal to zero, andrepresents the number of PSFCH occasions in a slot.

In some embodiments, in order to solve the beam conflict and the resource conflict, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit to one of the second terminal device 120 and the third terminal device 130 conflict information comprising first conflict information and second conflict information. The first conflict information indicates the beam conflict and the second conflict information indicates the resource conflict. Hereinafter, for brevity, the first conflict information is also referred to as beam conflict information, and the second conflict information is also referred to as resource conflict information.

In some embodiments, in order to transmit the conflict information comprising the beam conflict information and the resource conflict information, the first terminal device 110 may determine a first PSFCH resource for transmission of the beam conflict information based at least on a first identity of the first terminal device 110. The first terminal device 110 may also determine a first cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a first sequence used for the transmission of the beam conflict information. The first terminal device 110 may determine a second PSFCH resource for transmission of the resource conflict information based at least on a second identity of the first terminal device 110. The first terminal device 110 may determine a second cyclic shift from the cyclic shift pair to be applied to a second sequence used for the transmission of the resource conflict information.

In other words, in such embodiments, there is a difference between handling of the resource conflict and handling of the beam conflict.

In some embodiments, the first identity of the first terminal device 110 is the same as the second identity of the first terminal device 110, and the first cyclic shift is different from the second cyclic shift. For example, each of the first identity and the second identity is equal to zero, the first cyclic shift is equal to six, and the second cyclic shift is equal to zero.

In some embodiments, the first identity of the first terminal device 110 is different from the second identity of the first terminal device 110, and the first cyclic shift is the same as the second cyclic shift. For example, the first identity is equal to a predefined non-zero value, and the second identity is equal to zero. For example, each of the first cyclic shift and the second cyclic shift is equal to zero.

Fig. 9 illustrates an example 900 of the second conflict (i.e., the resource conflict) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the example 900 will be described with reference to Fig. 1.

In the example 900, the first terminal device 110 may be a destination terminal device of one of first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120 and second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130.

As shown in Fig. 9, the first terminal device 110 may be a destination terminal device of the first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120, and a fourth terminal device 160 may be a destination terminal device of the second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may determine that there is the resource conflict based on the following.

If the first terminal device 110 may have been indicated a first reserved resource and a second reserved resource as resources for PSSCH reception, the first terminal device 110 may detect the first SCI that includes the first priority value (represented by p₁) , and the first reserved resource for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120. The first terminal device 110 may detect second SCI that includes a second priority value (represented by p₂) , and the second reserved resource for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130.

In turn, the first terminal device 110 may determine that there is the resource conflict.

In some embodiments, in order to solve the beam conflict and the resource conflict, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit to one of the second terminal device 120 and the third terminal device 130 conflict information indicating the resource conflict.

In such embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device 120 based on determining: the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device 110 and the second terminal device 120, and the second beam pairing does not exist between the first terminal device 110 and the third terminal device 130.

In some embodiments, the first beam pairing may exist between the first terminal device 110 and the second terminal device 120, and the second beam pairing may exist between the first terminal device 110 and the third terminal device 130.

In such embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may compare a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120 with a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130. If the first priority value is greater than the second priority value, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device 120.

Alternatively, the first terminal device 110 may compare the first link quality between the first terminal device 110 and the second terminal device 120 with the second link quality between the first terminal device 110 and the third terminal device 130. If the first link quality is worse than the second link quality, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device 120.

Alternatively, if the first priority value is equal to the second priority value, the first terminal device 110 may compare the first link quality with the second link quality. If the first link quality is worse than the second link quality, the first terminal device 110 may determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device 120.

In some embodiments, a new slot structure may be designed to solve the wrong sensing and resource selection issues. This will be described with reference to Figs. 10A and 10B.

Figs. 10A and 10B illustrate an example of a symbol allocation in a sidelink slot in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.

In the example of Fig. 10A, in a sidelink resource pool which may contain multiple slots and resource blocks (RBs) , all or part of the symbols in a slot can be used for sidelink transmission. The first terminal device 110 may use directional beam for transmission of Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) in a slot and transmission of PSSCH in the slot. In addition, in the slot, the first symbol (i.e., the start symbol) is used as the automatic gain control (AGC) symbol, and the last symbol used as a gap period symbol. The AGC symbol may carry redundancy sidelink information while the gap period symbol is not used for carrying sidelink information.

The example of Fig. 10B is different from the example of Fig. 10A in that the first terminal device 110 may use an omnidirectional beam for transmission of PSCCH in a slot, and use a directional beam for transmission of PSSCH in the slot. In addition, because the transmit powers of PSCCH and PSSCH detected at a received UE are changed due to the beam usage change, a time duration in the slot may be used for AGC after symbols for the transmission of PSCCH and before symbols for the transmission of PSSCH. The time duration for AGC may be equal to or less than a time duration of a symbol in the slot. For example, in the example of Fig. 10B, the slot may comprise: one AGC symbol, one or more PSCCH symbol, one AGC symbol and remaining PSSCH symbols. The first terminal device 110 should only start transmission of PSSCH from a symbol after the second AGC symbol.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may receive only first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device 120 using a first receiving beam based on determining that a first priority value for the first PSSCH transmission is lower than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device 130.

In some embodiments, the first priority value for the first PSSCH transmission and the second priority value for second PSSCH transmission are determined based on at least one of the following: detections of SCI received from the second terminal device 120 and the third terminal device 130, an indication by higher layer of the first terminal device 110, the first PSSCH transmission and the second PSSCH transmission, or Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) transmissions associated with the first PSSCH transmission and the second PSSCH transmission.

In some embodiments, the first priority value and the second priority value may be known at the first terminal device 110 T millisecond prior to the start of the earliest of the two receptions, where T≤4 and is based on implementation of the first terminal device 110.

In some embodiments, in unicast PC5 link establish procedure, the first terminal device 110 may maintain only one unicast link. The one unicast link may be non-directional. That is, only one unicast link with another terminal device is allowed. The one unicast link may be directional. That is, one unicast link as destination terminal device and one unicast link as source terminal device are allowed.

The first terminal device 110 may maintain one unicast link by drop the one with lower priority or the one with poor beam pair link quality.

Additionally, the first terminal device 110 may establish PC5 unicast procedure in FR1 spectrum and switch to FR2 spectrum for beam management and data transmission.

Fig. 11 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1100 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1100 can be considered as a further example embodiment of one of the terminal devices 110, 120 and 130 as shown in Fig. 1. Accordingly, the device 1100 can be implemented at or as at least a part of one of the terminal devices 110, 120 and 130.

As shown, the device 1100 includes a processor 1110, a memory 1120 coupled to the processor 1110, a suitable transceiver 1140 coupled to the processor 1110, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1140. The memory 1110 stores at least a part of a program 1130. The transceiver 1140 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1140 may include at least one of a transmitter 1142 and a receiver 1144. The transmitter 1142 and the receiver 1144 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver1140 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2/Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs/gNBs, S1/NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) /Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) /SGW/UPF and the eNB/gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a terminal device.

In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure may provide the following solutions.

In a first aspect, a first terminal device comprises a processor configured to cause the first terminal device to: determine at least one of the following: a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of PSSCH transmissions from a second terminal device and a third terminal device, or a second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions; and determine, based on at least one of the following, to transmit to one of the second and third terminal devices conflict information indicating at least one of the first conflict or the second conflict: comparison of priority values for the PSSCH transmissions, comparison of first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device with second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device, determination whether first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, or determination whether second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the first conflict. The first terminal device is caused to determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining: a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is greater than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; or the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the first conflict and the second conflict. The first terminal device is further caused to: determine a PSFCH resource for transmission of the conflict information based at least on an identity of the first terminal device which is equal to zero; and determine a cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a sequence used for the transmission of the conflict information, wherein the cyclic shift is equal to zero.

In some embodiments, the conflict information comprises first conflict information indicating the first conflict and second conflict information indicating the second conflict. The first terminal device is further caused to: determine a first PSFCH resource for transmission of the first conflict information based at least on a first identity of the first terminal device; determine a first cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a first sequence used for the transmission of the first conflict information; determine a second PSFCH resource for transmission of the second conflict information based at least on a second identity of the first terminal device; and determine a second cyclic shift from the cyclic shift pair to be applied to a second sequence used for the transmission of the second conflict information.

In some embodiments, the first identity of the first terminal device is the same as the second identity of the first terminal device; and the first cyclic shift is different from the second cyclic shift.

In some embodiments, the first identity of the first terminal device is different from the second identity of the first terminal device; and the first cyclic shift is the same as the second cyclic shift.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the second conflict. The first terminal device is caused to determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining: the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing does not exist between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the second conflict. The first terminal device is caused to determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining: the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device; and a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is greater than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; or the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the second conflict. The first terminal device is caused to determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining: the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device; a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is equal to a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; and the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: use an omnidirectional beam for transmission of Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) in a slot; use a directional beam for transmission of PSSCH in the slot; and use a symbol in the slot for automatic gain control (AGC) after symbols for the transmission of PSCCH and before symbols for the transmission of PSSCH.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: receive only first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device using a first receiving beam based on determining that a first priority value for the first PSSCH transmission is lower than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the first terminal device is further caused to: determine the first priority value for the first PSSCH transmission and the second priority value for second PSSCH transmission based on at least one of the following: detections of SCI received from the second terminal device and the third terminal device, an indication by higher layer of the first terminal device, the first PSSCH transmission and the second PSSCH transmission, or Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) transmissions associated with the first PSSCH transmission and the second PSSCH transmission.

In a second aspect, a method for sidelink communications comprises: determining at a first terminal device at least one of the following: a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) transmissions from a second terminal device and a third terminal device, or a second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions; and determining, based on at least one of the following, to transmit to one of the second and third terminal devices conflict information indicating at least one of the first conflict or the second conflict: comparison of priority values for the PSSCH transmissions, comparison of first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device with second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device, determination whether first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, or determination whether second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the first conflict; and determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device comprises determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining: a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is greater than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; or the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the first conflict and the second conflict. The method further comprises: determining a PSFCH resource for transmission of the conflict information based at least on an identity of the first terminal device which is equal to zero; and determining a cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a sequence used for the transmission of the conflict information. The cyclic shift is equal to zero.

In some embodiments, the conflict information comprises first conflict information indicating the first conflict and second conflict information indicating the second conflict. The method further comprises: determining a first PSFCH resource for transmission of the first conflict information based at least on a first identity of the first terminal device; determining a first cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a first sequence used for the transmission of the first conflict information; determining a second PSFCH resource for transmission of the second conflict information based at least on a second identity of the first terminal device; and determining a second cyclic shift from the cyclic shift pair to be applied to a second sequence used for the transmission of the second conflict information.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the second conflict. Determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device comprises: determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing does not exist between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the second conflict. Determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device comprises: determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining: the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device; and a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is greater than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; or the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the conflict information indicates the second conflict. Determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device comprises: determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining: the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device; a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is equal to a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; and the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: using an omnidirectional beam for transmission of Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) in a slot; using a directional beam for transmission of PSSCH in the slot; and using a time duration in the slot for automatic gain control (AGC) after symbols for the transmission of PSCCH and before symbols for the transmission of PSSCH.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: receiving only first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device using a first receiving beam based on determining that a first priority value for the first PSSCH transmission is lower than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining the first priority value for the first PSSCH transmission and the second priority value for second PSSCH transmission based on at least one of the following: detections of SCI received from the second terminal device and the third terminal device, an indication by higher layer of the first terminal device, the first PSSCH transmission and the second PSSCH transmission, or Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) transmissions associated with the first PSSCH transmission and the second PSSCH transmission.

In a third aspect, a computer readable medium has instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor of a device, causing the device to carry out the method according to the second aspect.

The components included in the apparatuses and/or devices of the present disclosure may be implemented in various manners, including software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, one or more units may be implemented using software and/or firmware, for example, machine-executable instructions stored on the storage medium. In addition to or instead of machine-executable instructions, parts or all of the units in the apparatuses and/or devices may be implemented, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, and without limitation, illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used include Field-programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) , Application-specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) , Application-specific Standard Products (ASSPs) , System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs) , Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) , and the like.

Claims

A first terminal device, comprising:

a processor configured to cause the first terminal device to:

determine at least one of the following:

a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) transmissions from a second terminal device and a third terminal device, or

a second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions; and

determine, based on at least one of the following, to transmit to one of the second and third terminal devices conflict information indicating at least one of the first conflict or the second conflict:

comparison of priority values for the PSSCH transmissions,

comparison of first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device with second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device,

determination whether first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, or

determination whether second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the first conflict; and

the first terminal device is caused to determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining:

a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is greater than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; or

the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the first conflict and the second conflict; and

the first terminal device is further caused to:

determine a Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) resource for transmission of the conflict information based at least on an identity of the first terminal device which is equal to zero; and

determine a cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a sequence used for the transmission of the conflict information, wherein the cyclic shift is equal to zero.
The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein:

the conflict information comprises first conflict information indicating the first conflict and second conflict information indicating the second conflict; and

the first terminal device is further caused to:

determine a first Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) resource for transmission of the first conflict information based at least on a first identity of the first terminal device;

determine a first cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a first sequence used for the transmission of the first conflict information;

determine a second PSFCH resource for transmission of the second conflict information based at least on a second identity of the first terminal device; and

determine a second cyclic shift from the cyclic shift pair to be applied to a second sequence used for the transmission of the second conflict information.
The first terminal device of claim 4, wherein:

the first identity of the first terminal device is the same as the second identity of the first terminal device; and

the first cyclic shift is different from the second cyclic shift.
The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the second conflict; and

the first terminal device is caused to determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining:

the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and

the second beam pairing does not exist between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the second conflict; and

the first terminal device is caused to determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining:

the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device; and

a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is greater than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; or

the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the second conflict; and

the first terminal device is caused to determine to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining:

the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device;

a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is equal to a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; and

the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first terminal device is further caused to:

use an omnidirectional beam for transmission of Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) in a slot;

use a directional beam for transmission of PSSCH in the slot; and

use a time duration in the slot for automatic gain control (AGC) after symbols for the transmission of PSCCH and before symbols for the transmission of PSSCH.
The first terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first terminal device is further caused to:

receive only first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device using a first receiving beam based on:

determining that a first priority value for the first PSSCH transmission is lower than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device.
A method for sidelink communications, comprising:

determining at a first terminal device at least one of the following:

a first conflict for receiving beams for receptions of Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) transmissions from a second terminal device and a third terminal device, or

a second conflict for a reserved resource for the PSSCH transmissions; and

determining, based on at least one of the following, to transmit to one of the second and third terminal devices conflict information indicating at least one of the first conflict or the second conflict:

comparison of priority values for the PSSCH transmissions,

comparison of first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device with second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device,

determination whether first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, or

determination whether second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The method of claim 11, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the first conflict; and

determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device comprises:

determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining:

a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is greater than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; or

the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The method of claim 11, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the first conflict and the second conflict; and

the method further comprises:

determining a Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) resource for transmission of the conflict information based at least on an identity of the first terminal device which is equal to zero; and

determining a cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a sequence used for the transmission of the conflict information, wherein the cyclic shift is equal to zero.
The method of claim 11, wherein:

the conflict information comprises first conflict information indicating the first conflict and second conflict information indicating the second conflict; and

the method further comprises:

determining a first Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) resource for transmission of the first conflict information based at least on a first identity of the first terminal device;

determining a first cyclic shift from a cyclic shift pair to be applied to a first sequence used for the transmission of the first conflict information;

determining a second PSFCH resource for transmission of the second conflict information based at least on a second identity of the first terminal device; and

determining a second cyclic shift from the cyclic shift pair to be applied to a second sequence used for the transmission of the second conflict information.
The method of claim 14, wherein:

the first identity of the first terminal device is the same as the second identity of the first terminal device; and

the first cyclic shift is different from the second cyclic shift.
The method of claim 11, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the second conflict; and

determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device comprises:

determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining:

the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and

the second beam pairing does not exist between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The method of claim 11, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the second conflict; and

determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device comprises:

determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining:

the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device; and

a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is greater than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; or

the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The method of claim 11, wherein:

the conflict information indicates the second conflict; and

determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device comprises:

determining to transmit the conflict information to the second terminal device based on determining:

the first beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the second terminal device, and the second beam pairing exists between the first terminal device and the third terminal device;

a first priority value for first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device is equal to a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device; and

the first link quality between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is worse than the second link quality between the first terminal device and the third terminal device.
The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:

using an omnidirectional beam for transmission of Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) in a slot;

using a directional beam for transmission of PSSCH in the slot; and

using a time duration in the slot for automatic gain control (AGC) after symbols for the transmission of PSCCH and before symbols for the transmission of PSSCH.
The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:

receiving only first PSSCH transmission from the second terminal device using a first receiving beam based on:

determining that a first priority value for the first PSSCH transmission is lower than a second priority value for second PSSCH transmission from the third terminal device.