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WO2024188992A1 - Système d'alimentation en carburant pour installation dans un véhicule à gaz et procédé de commande d'un tel système d'alimentation en carburant - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation en carburant pour installation dans un véhicule à gaz et procédé de commande d'un tel système d'alimentation en carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024188992A1
WO2024188992A1 PCT/EP2024/056471 EP2024056471W WO2024188992A1 WO 2024188992 A1 WO2024188992 A1 WO 2024188992A1 EP 2024056471 W EP2024056471 W EP 2024056471W WO 2024188992 A1 WO2024188992 A1 WO 2024188992A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
tank
tanks
hydrogen
valves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2024/056471
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hartmut Frenz
Oliver Guvo
Sebastian WEWERS
Frank Geiger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Publication of WO2024188992A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024188992A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0146—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels with details of the manifold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel system for a hydrogen-powered vehicle comprising the following components:
  • first pressure tank with a first tank valve and further pressure tanks, each with a further tank valve, whereby all pressure tanks for hydrogen are designed for a maximum pressure of at least 350 bar and whereby the tank valves each comprise a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the pressure tank,
  • a tank connection nozzle which is suitable for connection to a corresponding coupling of a hydrogen filling station and through which the pressure tanks can be filled with hydrogen
  • a pressure reducer connected to the distributor and the outlet line, which can reduce the pressure in the outlet line to a medium pressure level between 10 and 100 bar, whereby the pressure in the respective pressure tank is regularly recorded by means of the pressure sensors in the tank valves,
  • the invention relates to such a fuel system for implementing the method.
  • Hydrogen-powered vehicles for example, have a gas engine or a fuel cell with an electric motor as a hydrogen consumer.
  • the hydrogen is stored as a gas under high pressure in the tank. Pressures of over 300 bar, often 350 bar or 700 bar and sometimes even up to 875 bar are typical for such pressure tanks.
  • Such pressure tanks are preferably designed as Type IV tanks.
  • a plastic liner forms the seal and a reinforcing layer made of fiber-reinforced plastic, particularly CFRP, wrapped around it provides the rigidity and pressure resistance. Since the gas engine or the fuel cell of the vehicle is lower inlet pressure, the pressure of the hydrogen gas must be regulated from the high pressure level in the pressure tank to the medium pressure level in the outlet line of the fuel system.
  • Fuel systems for hydrogen-powered vehicles are known in the state of the art.
  • Conventional fuel systems always fill and empty the pressure tanks in parallel, so that the same pressure prevails in all pressure tanks.
  • the tank valves usually include an on-off solenoid valve to open or close the pressure tank, as shown, for example, in WO 2022/269527 A1.
  • the tank valves are all controlled in parallel at the same time.
  • a separate pressure regulator is provided directly on the hydrogen consumer to adjust the consumption depending on the required power.
  • the fuel system comprises several pressure tanks, each with a tank valve, as well as two distributors that are connected to the respective pressure tanks via individual tank and filling lines.
  • One distributor is connected to the pressure tanks via the filling lines for filling the pressure tanks, and the other distributor is connected to the pressure tanks via the tank lines and directs the hydrogen to the pressure reducer and then to the outlet line.
  • the pressure reducer is designed as a two-stage pressure reducer, with both pressure reducers delivering manually set pressure levels as usual.
  • This fuel system is controlled in such a way that when refueling, the pressure tanks are switched on one after the other and thus filled one after the other. When the hydrogen is released, the pressure tanks are also emptied one after the other until a residual pressure of, for example, 30 psi (approx. 2 bar) is reached.
  • a residual pressure for example, 30 psi (approx. 2 bar) is reached.
  • a disadvantage of this design is the high number of valves that are required, among other things, on the distributors.
  • a major disadvantage of the known fuel systems and the methods for controlling them is that the delivery of hydrogen to the consumer cannot be flexibly controlled and sometimes requires a lot of effort in equipping them with additional or special valves.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop and improve a method for controlling a fuel system for a hydrogen-powered vehicle so that it can adapt the delivery of hydrogen more flexibly to possible fluctuations in demand and can use the stored amount of hydrogen as optimally as possible.
  • the appropriate fuel system is to be provided.
  • the fuel system should be able to be implemented without great additional effort and at low cost.
  • the method according to claim 1 is characterized in that a first limit pressure G1, a second limit pressure G2 and a third limit pressure G3 are defined, whereby maximum pressure p max > G1 > G2 > G3 applies, and in that the control system controls the tank valves and the pressure reducer, which is electronically controllable, during operation of the hydrogen consumer depending on the pressure in the pressure tanks and the required pressure in the output line.
  • the control system takes into account the fill level, i.e. the pressure level, of the pressure tanks.
  • the control system differentiates between different phases and controls the tank valves and the pressure reducer accordingly: a) All tank valves are opened when the pressure in all pressure tanks is above G1; the control system sets the requested pressure on the pressure reducer.
  • the pressure requested in the output line is not crucial for the control of the tank valves.
  • the limit pressure G1 is always above the maximum required pressure in the output line.
  • the first tank valve is closed and the other tank valves are opened when the pressure in the other pressure tanks is between G1 and G2; now only the other pressure tanks are emptied.
  • the first pressure tank remains closed and is initially kept at the limit pressure G1.
  • the control system sets the requested pressure on the pressure reducer.
  • the first tank valve is closed and the other tank valves are opened if the pressure in the first pressure tank is above G2, the pressure in the other pressure tanks is between G2 and G3 and the required pressure in the output line is equal to G3 or lower than G3; that is, if a lower pressure is required and is set on the pressure reducer by the control system, which can be served by the other pressure tanks, the other pressure tanks are used.
  • the first pressure tank can be kept available for further phases according to c1) in which a higher pressure is required.
  • This inventive control of the fuel system adjusts the pressure provided in the outlet line to the required pressure level depending on the operating phase and opens the appropriate tank valves depending on the pressure level of the pressure tanks. This ensures that the fuel system remains unrestrictedly available for a longer period of time, meaning that the maximum pressure in the outlet line can be requested and maintained for significantly longer than with previously known systems.
  • the fuel systems commonly used today which empty the pressure tanks in parallel at the same time, can no longer provide a higher pressure for maximum performance once the pressure in the pressure tanks has fallen below G2. And specially designed fuel systems in which the pressure tanks are all controlled individually are too complex and expensive to equip.
  • OTV on-tank valves
  • the tank valves are available in various standard designs.
  • the fuel system is designed with only one distributor for filling and dispensing the hydrogen, it may be necessary to provide an additional check valve in the distributor to prevent backflow from the first pressure tank into the other pressure tanks.
  • the proposed combination in which all pressure tanks are first emptied evenly in phase a), also ensures that no single pressure tank is kept at a very high pressure level above G1 for too long. This also relieves the first pressure tank and has a positive effect on its service life. This is particularly important for pressure tanks designed for 700 bar or more.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention is that it makes it possible to flexibly control a fuel system for a hydrogen-powered vehicle without the fuel system becoming more complex and too expensive.
  • the limit pressure G1 is at least 150 bar and at most 350 bar.
  • the upper limit ensures that all tanks are relieved as quickly as possible during operation.
  • the lower limit ensures that the pressure in the first pressure tank is always significantly higher than the maximum pressure required by a hydrogen consumer, such as a fuel cell or a hydrogen gas engine.
  • the particularly preferred range is at least 70 bar and at most 120 bar.
  • the limit pressure G2 is selected so that it is equal to the maximum required pressure in the outlet line. This means that as soon as the pressure in the other pressure tanks falls below this pressure, the hydrogen consumer can no longer be supplied from these other pressure tanks at full load.
  • the limit pressure G3 is a pressure that is just enough to operate the hydrogen consumer at partial load. If the pressure in the pressure tank falls below G3, the hydrogen consumer can only be operated on reserve for a short time.
  • this limit pressure G3 for reserve operation can be between 10 and 30 bar.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the method also includes another control variant: d) Only the first tank valve is opened and the other tank valves are closed if the pressure in the first pressure tank is above G3 and the pressure in the other pressure tanks is at or below G3. This means that the pressure in the outlet line can still be provided for partial load operation, even if the pressure in the other pressure tanks is already at the limit of reserve operation. If all pressure tanks are at a pressure of G3 or less, all tank valves are opened and only reserve operation is possible. If an even lower threshold is reached, the pressure tank is considered empty and all pressure tanks must be refilled by refueling.
  • a further advantage for the method is offered if the fuel system is designed in such a way that there is a second distributor after the tank connection piece and a filling line for each pressure tank, whereby these are designed so that each pressure tank can be filled with hydrogen via the second distributor and the respective filling line connected to this distributor, whereby the tank lines (and the distributor) are designed in such a way that they are only intended for the hydrogen that flows from the pressure tank to the pressure reducer and from there to the outlet line, and whereby the tank valves each have their own inlet connection for the filling line and their own outlet connection for the tank line, and comprise an internal check valve upstream of the outlet connection.
  • the control assignment of which of the pressure tanks of the system is controlled as the first pressure tank in the method can be changed.
  • the same pressure tank is not always physically excessively loaded by maintaining a higher pressure.
  • the load is distributed over different pressure tanks in successive tank operating cycles. The service life of the pressure tanks and the reliability of the fuel system can thus be significantly increased.
  • the assignment can be changed after each or every second filling of the pressure tanks.
  • the assignment can also be changed in such a way that each of the pressure tanks is controlled once in turn as the first pressure tank according to the procedure. This means that the load is repeatedly distributed to all pressure tanks one after the other by maintaining the higher pressure.
  • the object is achieved by the fuel system according to claim 6.
  • Further advantageous features for the fuel system are in the following subclaims. It is pointed out that the advantageous features of the fuel system have a retroactive effect on the control of the method and can therefore also be included as claim features for the method.
  • the fuel system according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a control which is designed and configured such that it can control the pressure reducer and the tank valves according to the advantageous method described above, wherein the pressure reducer is designed as an electronically controllable pressure reducer.
  • a check valve is provided in the distributor, which is arranged in such a way that no hydrogen can flow back from the first pressure tank into one of the other pressure tanks.
  • the check valve is arranged in particular in the distributor between the branch of the tank line to the first pressure tank and all other branches to the other pressure tanks.
  • the distributor in addition to the distributor with the tank lines, there is a second distributor after the tank connection piece and a filling line for each pressure tank.
  • the filling lines are designed in such a way that each pressure tank can be filled with hydrogen via the second distributor and the respective filling line connected to this distributor.
  • the tank lines and the associated distributor are designed in such a way that they are only intended for the hydrogen that flows from the pressure tank to the pressure reducer and from there to the outlet line.
  • the tank valves each have their own inlet connection for the filling line and their own outlet connection for the tank line and an internal check valve upstream of the outlet connection.
  • each tank valve prevents backflow from the first pressure tank into one of the other pressure tanks without the need to integrate a check valve in the distributor. Furthermore, the filling lines and the tank line can be optimally adapted to the expected volume flows, which are much larger when refueling than when dispensing the hydrogen.
  • control system is integrated into the pressure reducer, whereby both the pressure reducer and the tank valves are controlled by this control system.
  • the integration makes the system more compact and cost-effective.
  • the fuel system is particularly suitable for the method according to the invention if the volume of the additional pressure tanks together is at least twice, in particular at least three times, the volume of the first pressure tank. This achieves a particularly suitable ratio of quantities between the hydrogen that can be called up at higher pressure and the hydrogen that is available for partial load operation.
  • a particularly advantageous fuel system is created for commercial vehicles in particular if there are exactly three additional pressure tanks and in particular if all pressure tanks are of the same type and have the same volume.
  • One advantage is that the fuel system can be manufactured more cost-effectively and reliably.
  • Another advantage is particularly when, after the pressure tanks have been filled up at a filling station, the control system assignment of which of the pressure tanks in the system is controlled as the first pressure tank in the process is changed.
  • Fig.1 Fuel system according to the invention or fuel system for a method according to the invention for controlling
  • FIG.3 Another fuel system according to the invention with two distributors or another fuel system for a method according to the invention for controlling
  • Fig. 1 shows an inventive embodiment of the fuel system 10 for a hydrogen-powered vehicle with several pressure tanks 1, 2, 3, 4.
  • the pressure tanks 1, 2, 3, 4 are used to store hydrogen as fuel for a gas engine or a fuel cell.
  • the fuel system 10 comprises the four pressure tanks 1, 2, 3, 4 with the tank valves 5, 6, 7, 8, the tank connection piece 9 with the check valve 11, the distributor 20, the tank lines 21, 22, 23, 24 and the pressure reducer 12 in front of the outlet line 13.
  • the controller 14 which is designed and configured such that it can carry out the method according to the invention.
  • hydrogen flows from at least one of the pressure tanks through at least one of the tank lines 21, 22, 23, 24, through the distributor 20 and through the pressure reducer 12 to the output line 13. From there, the gas flows to the hydrogen consumer, for example a fuel cell or a gas engine.
  • the pressure reducer 12 is electronically controllable and can thus be regulated during operation. This means that it is regulated by the controller 14 via the signal line 41 so that the pressure requested via the signal input 40 is set in the output line 13.
  • the control 14 can be integrated into the pressure reducer 12.
  • the pressure in the outlet line 13 is the pre-pressure for the hydrogen consumer; a pressure regulator (not shown here) is usually provided upstream of this.
  • the pressure requested in the output line 13 can, for example, be higher when the drive is at full load than when it is at partial load. For example, for a gas engine, a pressure of 80 bar can be requested for full load operation and a pressure of 50 bar for partial load.
  • the pressure reducer is not designed to be adjustable during operation, but can only be set to a value. This is to ensure a constant pre-pressure for the pressure regulator on the hydrogen consumer. As soon as the pressure in the pressure tanks falls below the value for full load operation, only partial load can be used.
  • the tank valves 5, 6, 7, 8 are controlled via the signal line 42 in accordance with the method described below for Fig. 2.
  • the tank lines 21, 22, 23, 24 are also used to fill the pressure tanks when refueling.
  • the check valve 25 is provided in the distributor 20, which prevents backflow from the first pressure tank 1 to the other pressure tanks 2, 3, 4.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of the pressure curve for the pressure tanks when using the method according to the invention. This method is described on the basis of this.
  • a first limit pressure G1, a second limit pressure G2 and a third limit pressure G3 are defined, whereby the maximum pressure in the pressure tank > G1 > G2 > G3 applies.
  • the tank valves and the pressure reducer which is designed to be electronically controllable, are controlled by the control system depending on the pressure in the pressure tanks and the required pressure in the output line as described below.
  • phases a), b), c) are run through one after the other in this order, whereby in phase c) a distinction is made between c1) and c2), which can occur in different orders and also alternately several times.
  • the diagram shows that initially all pressure tanks 1, 2, 3, 4 are full and thus at the maximum pressure p max (for example, 700 bar). From time to, the hydrogen consumer is in operation and the pressure in the pressure tanks decreases evenly.
  • the fuel system controls in phase a). As soon as the limit pressure G1 (for example, a value of 300 bar) is reached or undercut (time ti), the fuel system controls in phase b).
  • the first pressure tankl is shut off by the first tank valve 5 in order to maintain a higher pressure in it, so that full-load operation remains possible for a longer period later.
  • the other pressure tanks 2, 3, 4 supply the hydrogen consumer, whereby the pressure in these pressure tanks 2, 3, 4 continues to decrease as consumption increases.
  • the pressure in the output line 13 is set to the requested value by the control via the pressure reducer 12 - as in phase a).
  • G2 can, for example, be equal to the maximum required pressure in the output line. In the case of a gas engine, this pressure can be around 80 bar in order to operate it at full load. Another limit is the limit pressure G3, which is still necessary for partial load operation. In the case of a gas engine, this can be 50 bar, for example. Below this limit pressure G3, reserve operation is only possible for a short time.
  • phase c from time t2, the maximum required pressure can no longer be provided by the other pressure tanks 2,3,4. This is only possible from the first pressure tank 1, which was kept at a higher pressure.
  • c1 when a pressure between G3 and G2 is required in the output line, and in c2) when only partial load, i.e. a pressure of G3 or less, is required.
  • the pressure reducer 12 is regulated to the corresponding requested pressure and on the other hand the tank valves are controlled accordingly. In c1) only the first tank valve 5 is opened and in c2 only the other tank valves 2,3,4 are opened.
  • phase c1 the check valve 25 prevents hydrogen from flowing back from the first pressure tank 1 via the distributor 20 into the other pressure tanks 2,3,4.
  • the advantage of this process is that in phase c) full load operation is still reliably possible at a pressure in the outlet line of G2, although the other pressure tanks 2, 3, 4 - i.e. a large part of the storage capacity - already have a pressure below G2.
  • This inventive control of the fuel system offers the advantage that the hydrogen-powered vehicle can be operated much more flexibly and at full load almost until the end of a tank filling.
  • phase d only the first tank valve is opened. This means that the pressure in the outlet line can still be provided for partial load operation, even if the pressure in the other pressure tanks is already at the limit for reserve operation.
  • the storage capacity i.e. the volume of the additional pressure tanks 2, 3, 4, is at least twice as large, preferably at least three times as large as the storage capacity of the first pressure tank 1. This allows the flexibility mentioned to be used particularly well. In addition, for cost reasons and to ensure high reliability of the system, it is advantageous if all pressure tanks 1, 2, 3, 4 are designed in the same way.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the fuel system 10' according to the invention.
  • the key difference is that separate distributors and lines are provided for filling the pressure tanks 1, 2, 3, 4 and for dispensing the hydrogen when the vehicle is in operation.
  • the second distributor 30 for filling the pressure tanks, which connects the tank connection piece 9 to the pressure tanks 1, 2, 3, 4 via the filling lines 31, 32, 33, 34.
  • the tank valves 5, 6, 7, 8 are designed in such a way that they have separate connections for the respective filling line and the tank line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande d'un système d'alimentation en carburant (10, 10') pour un véhicule à hydrogène, comprenant une pluralité de réservoirs sous pression ayant chacun une soupape de réservoir, et un système d'alimentation en carburant pour un tel procédé. Dans le procédé, une première pression limite G1, une deuxième pression limite G2 et une troisième pression limite G3 sont définies, la pression maximale dans le réservoir sous pression > G1 > G2 > G3, et, pendant le fonctionnement de consommation d'hydrogène, le dispositif de commande (14) commande les soupapes de réservoir (5, 6, 7, 8) et le réducteur de pression (12), qui peut être commandé électroniquement, sur la base de la pression dans les réservoirs sous pression (1, 2, 3, 4) et de la pression requise dans la ligne de sortie (13), comme suit : a) toutes les soupapes de réservoir (5, 6, 7, 8) sont ouvertes si la pression dans tous les réservoirs sous pression (1, 2, 3, 4) est supérieure à G1 ; b) la première soupape de réservoir (5) est fermée et les autres soupapes de réservoir (6, 7, 8) sont ouvertes si la pression dans les autres réservoirs sous pression (2, 3, 4) se situe entre G1 et G2 ; c1) seule la première soupape de réservoir (5) est ouverte et les autres soupapes de réservoir (6, 7, 8) sont fermées si la pression dans le premier réservoir de pression est supérieure à G2, la pression dans les autres réservoirs de pression (1, 2, 3, 4) est inférieure à G2 et la pression requise dans la ligne de sortie (13) est égale à G2 ou se situe entre G2 et G3 ; c2) la première soupape de réservoir (5) est fermée et les autres soupapes de réservoir (6, 7, 8) sont ouvertes si la pression dans le premier réservoir de pression est supérieure à G2, la pression dans les autres réservoirs de pression (1, 2, 3, 4) se situe entre G2 et G3 et la pression requise dans la ligne de sortie (13) est égale à G3 ou inférieure à G3.
PCT/EP2024/056471 2023-03-13 2024-03-12 Système d'alimentation en carburant pour installation dans un véhicule à gaz et procédé de commande d'un tel système d'alimentation en carburant Pending WO2024188992A1 (fr)

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DE102023106161.5 2023-03-13
DE102023106161.5A DE102023106161A1 (de) 2023-03-13 2023-03-13 Kraftstoffsystem zum Einbau in ein gasbetriebenes Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines solchen Kraftstoffsystems

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Citations (6)

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EP1800930A1 (fr) 2005-12-21 2007-06-27 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Système d'alimentation et de ravitaillement d'un véhicule en hydrogène
US7367349B2 (en) * 2005-07-12 2008-05-06 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method for opening tank shut-off valves in gas feeding systems with connected tanks
US20120318403A1 (en) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Pressure Cycle Management In Compressed Gas Dispensing Systems
US8492047B2 (en) 2008-04-28 2013-07-23 Hyundai Motor Company Hydrogen supply system for fuel cell and method for controlling the same
DE102020214697A1 (de) * 2020-11-23 2022-05-25 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben einer mit gasförmigem Brennstoff betriebenen Antriebseinheit
WO2022269527A1 (fr) 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Omb Saleri S.P.A. - Societa' Benefit Soupape multifonction pour systèmes automobiles à pile à combustible

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JP4552399B2 (ja) * 2003-08-07 2010-09-29 トヨタ自動車株式会社 複数タンクからなるタンクシステムおよびその制御方法
AT505960B1 (de) * 2007-10-25 2009-07-15 Ventrex Automotive Gmbh Tank- und kraftstoffzufuhr-anlage
AT523408B1 (de) * 2020-03-24 2021-08-15 Avl List Gmbh Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Kraftfahrzeugs
DE102021116567A1 (de) * 2021-06-28 2022-12-29 Voith Patent Gmbh Kraftstoffsystem für einen Drucktank und für ein gasbetriebenes Fahrzeug

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7367349B2 (en) * 2005-07-12 2008-05-06 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method for opening tank shut-off valves in gas feeding systems with connected tanks
EP1800930A1 (fr) 2005-12-21 2007-06-27 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Système d'alimentation et de ravitaillement d'un véhicule en hydrogène
US8492047B2 (en) 2008-04-28 2013-07-23 Hyundai Motor Company Hydrogen supply system for fuel cell and method for controlling the same
US20120318403A1 (en) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Pressure Cycle Management In Compressed Gas Dispensing Systems
DE102020214697A1 (de) * 2020-11-23 2022-05-25 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben einer mit gasförmigem Brennstoff betriebenen Antriebseinheit
WO2022269527A1 (fr) 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Omb Saleri S.P.A. - Societa' Benefit Soupape multifonction pour systèmes automobiles à pile à combustible

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