WO2024185438A1 - アジド化合物、アミン化合物、及びエドキサバンの製造方法 - Google Patents
アジド化合物、アミン化合物、及びエドキサバンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024185438A1 WO2024185438A1 PCT/JP2024/005205 JP2024005205W WO2024185438A1 WO 2024185438 A1 WO2024185438 A1 WO 2024185438A1 JP 2024005205 W JP2024005205 W JP 2024005205W WO 2024185438 A1 WO2024185438 A1 WO 2024185438A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
- C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing azide compounds and amine compounds that are useful as pharmaceutical intermediates, and a method for producing edoxaban.
- a method for producing edoxaban is known in which, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (11-2) is azidized to produce a compound represented by the following formula (12), the compound represented by the formula (12) is reduced to produce a compound represented by the following formula (13), 2-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl acetate hydrochloride is reacted with the compound represented by the formula (13) to produce a compound represented by the following formula (14), the compound represented by the formula (14) is deprotected, and further 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylate hydrochloride is subjected to dehydration condensation (Patent Documents 1 to 3, etc.).
- Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- Patent Document 4 also discloses a method of reacting a compound represented by the following formula (11-1) with 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid to produce a compound represented by the following formula (1), reacting the compound represented by formula (1) with phthalimide, phosphine, and an azo compound to produce a compound represented by the following formula (15), deprotecting the compound represented by formula (15) to produce a compound represented by formula (3), and further reacting the compound represented by formula (3) with ethyl 2-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoacetate.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 which include a step of azidizing a compound represented by formula (11-2) to produce a compound represented by formula (12), there are cases where the diastereomer (trans isomer; see formula below) produced as a by-product in the azidization reaction is not sufficiently suppressed.
- the present invention has been made in light of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a method for producing azide compounds and amine compounds that suppress the generation of undesired diastereomers in the azidation reaction (nucleophilic substitution reaction of the azide group), i.e., have good diastereoselectivity.
- the azide compounds and amine compounds are useful as pharmaceutical intermediates, particularly intermediates for the production of edoxaban.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. [1] A method for producing an azide compound represented by the following formula (2), which comprises azidizing an alcohol compound represented by the following formula (1).
- the method according to [7], wherein the tertiary amine is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]nonene-5, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylenediamine, benzyldimethylamine, triethanolamine, dimethylaminoethanol, and tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol.
- the azidation comprises reacting an alcohol compound represented by the formula (1) with a sulfonylating agent and a base to obtain a sulfonate compound represented by the following formula (5):
- R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the sulfonylating agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of methanesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, chloromethanesulfonyl chloride, methanesulfonic anhydride, p-toluenesulfonic anhydride, and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride.
- the base is a tertiary amine.
- the metal azide is an alkali metal azide.
- phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutylammonium chloride or dodecylpyridinium chloride.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- R 1 in the formula (11) is a hydrogen atom.
- a condensing agent is used in the dehydration condensation.
- the condensing agent is a carbodiimide-based condensing agent.
- the present invention provides a method for producing azide compounds and amine compounds with good diastereoselectivity, suppressing the production of undesired diastereomers.
- azide compound (2) Production method of azide compound (2)
- azide compound (2) The production method of the azide compound represented by formula (2) of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as azide compound (2)) is characterized by azidizing an alcohol compound represented by formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as alcohol compound (1)).
- the adjacent group at the position where the azide group is introduced has a bulky amide group represented by the following formula (21), so that the diastereoselectivity of the resulting azide compound (2) can be improved by suppressing conformational changes caused by the bulkiness of the adjacent group (steric factor). Furthermore, compared to when the adjacent group at the position where the azide group is introduced is a carbamate group as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, if the adjacent group is an amide group, the adjacent group participation is weakened (electronic factor), so the diastereoselectivity of the resulting azide compound (2) can be further improved.
- the group represented by formula (21) is a group possessed by the final product, and therefore it is possible to improve the diastereoselectivity in the azidation reaction without increasing the number of steps such as introduction and elimination reactions, i.e., without reducing production efficiency.
- the mechanism of the azidation reaction of the alcohol compound (1) is not particularly limited, but it is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of the following azidation reaction 1 to azidation reaction 3.
- the azidation of the alcohol compound (1) may be, for example, azidation by reacting the alcohol compound (1) with diphenylphosphoryl azide, a phosphine compound, and an azo compound (hereinafter also referred to as azidation reaction 1).
- the phosphine compound and the azo compound activate the hydroxyl group of the alcohol compound (1), and the azide ion generated from the diphenylphosphoryl azide is substituted for the activated hydroxyl group with stereoinversion to generate the target azide compound (2).
- the amount of diphenylphosphoryl azide used as the azide group source in the azidation reaction 1 is preferably 1.0 mol or more and 10 mol or less, more preferably 1.2 mol or more, even more preferably 1.5 mol or more, and more preferably 8 mol or less, and even more preferably 5 mol or less, relative to 1 mol of the alcohol compound (1). That is, the amount of diphenylphosphoryl azide used is preferably 1.0 mol to 10 mol, more preferably 1.2 mol to 8 mol, and even more preferably 1.5 mol to 5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the alcohol compound (1).
- phosphine compounds >> The phosphine compound used in the azidation reaction 1 is believed to act together with the azo compound to activate the alcohol compound (1).
- This phosphine compound is not particularly limited, and for example, a tertiary phosphine is preferred.
- tertiary phosphine examples include triethylphosphine, tripropylphosphine, tributylphosphine, tri(t-butyl)phosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, tribenzylphosphine, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, tri(m-tolyl)phosphine, tri(p-tolyl)phosphine, ethylenebis(diphenylphosphine), trimethylenebis(diphenylphosphine), 1,1'-ferrocenebis(diphenylphosphine), ( ⁇ )-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl, and the like.
- Triarylphosphines such as triphenylphosphine, tribenzylphosphine, and tritolylphosphine are preferred, and triphenylphosphine is more preferred.
- phosphine compound only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the amount of the phosphine compound used in the azidation reaction 1 is preferably 0.8 to 10 moles, more preferably 1.0 moles or more, even more preferably 1.5 moles or more, more preferably 8 moles or less, and even more preferably 5 moles or less, per mole of the alcohol compound (1). That is, the amount of the phosphine compound used is preferably 0.8 to 10 moles, more preferably 1.0 to 8 moles, and even more preferably 1.5 to 5 moles, per mole of the alcohol compound (1).
- the amount of the phosphine compound used is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 moles, more preferably 0.7 moles or more, even more preferably 0.9 moles or more, more preferably 1.3 moles or less, and even more preferably 1.1 moles or less, per mole of the azo compound. That is, the amount of the phosphine compound used is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 moles, more preferably 0.7 to 1.3 moles, and even more preferably 0.9 to 1.1 moles, per mole of the azo compound.
- the azo compound used in the azidation reaction 1 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include azodicarboxylates such as diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD), diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD), and di-2-methoxyethyl azodicarboxylate (DMEAD); azodicarbosamides such as N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropyl azodicarboxamide (TIPA), 1,1'-(azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine (ADDP), N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl azodicarboxamide (TMAD), and 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,7-hexahydro-1,4,6,7-tetrazocine-2,5-dione (DHTD), and azodicarboxylates are preferred, and DEAD, DIAD, and DMEAD are more preferred.
- the azo compound only one type may be used
- the amount of the azo compound used in the azidation reaction 1 is preferably 0.8 to 10 moles, more preferably 1.0 mole or more, even more preferably 1.5 moles or more, and more preferably 8 moles or less, and even more preferably 5 moles or less, per mole of the alcohol compound (1).
- the amount of the azo compound used is preferably 0.8 to 10 moles, more preferably 1.0 to 8 moles, and even more preferably 1.5 to 5 moles, per mole of the alcohol compound (1).
- a solvent may be used in the azidation reaction 1.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples of the solvent include dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, dihexyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, anisole, 2-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 2,3-dimethylanisole, 2,6-dimethylanisole, chloroanisole, anethole, phenetole, 4-methylphenetole, n-butylphenyl ether, pentylphenyl ether, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, veratrole, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,1-diethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, dimethyl acetal, t
- Solvents include hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, etc.; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, benzonitrile, etc.; amide solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, etc.; sulfoxide solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.; urea solvents such as dimethylpropylene urea, etc.; phosphonic acid triamide solvents such as hexamethylphosphonic acid triamide, etc.; and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent in the azidation reaction ether solvents, ester solvents, and hydrocarbon solvents are preferred, and ether solvents and hydrocarbon solvents are more preferred, in terms of better diastereoselectivity and better yield of azide compound (2).
- the relative dielectric constant at 25°C is preferably 6.0 or less, in terms of better diastereoselectivity.
- the relative dielectric constant of the solvent is 6.0 or less, the generation of an unstable conformation regarding the conformation of the 6-membered ring to which the group represented by formula (21) is bonded can be suppressed, and the desired reaction proceeds preferentially from the stable conformation, so that it is presumed that the diastereoselectivity is improved.
- the relative dielectric constant of the solvent at 25°C is more preferably 5.5 or less, more preferably 5.2 or less, and even more preferably 5.0 or less, and the lower limit is preferably 2.00 or more, more preferably 2.20 or more, even more preferably 2.25 or more, and even more preferably 2.30 or more. That is, the relative dielectric constant of the solvent at 25°C is preferably 2.00 to 6.0, more preferably 2.20 to 5.5, even more preferably 2.25 to 5.2, and even more preferably 2.30 to 5.0.
- an ether solvent or a hydrocarbon solvent having a relative dielectric constant of 2.00 to 6.0 at 25°C is preferred.
- cyclopentyl methyl ether, anisole, t-butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethyl acetate, toluene, 1,3-dioxane, and 1,4-dioxane are preferred, and cyclopentyl methyl ether, anisole, t-butyl methyl ether, and toluene are more preferred.
- the amount (volume) of the solvent used in the azidation reaction 1 is preferably 1 to 50 times (vol/w) the weight of the alcohol compound (1), more preferably 2 to 30 times (vol/w), and even more preferably 3 to 10 times (vol/w), in order to obtain better diastereoselectivity.
- the unit of vol/w is ml/g.
- the method and order of addition of the alcohol compound (1), diphenylphosphoryl azide, phosphine compound, azo compound, and solvent used as necessary are not particularly limited.
- the alcohol compound (1), diphenylphosphoryl azide, phosphine compound, azo compound, and solvent may all be added to a reaction vessel at the same time, or may be added sequentially, or at least two selected from the group consisting of the alcohol compound (1), diphenylphosphoryl azide, phosphine compound, azo compound, and solvent may be mixed first, and then the remaining components may be added.
- the alcohol compound (1), diphenylphosphoryl azide, phosphine compound, azo compound, and solvent may each be added at once, or may be added in portions (for example, in 2 to 10 portions).
- Azidation reaction 1 is usually preferably carried out under an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen.
- the reaction temperature in the azidation reaction 1 may be set appropriately depending on the types of phosphine compound, azo compound, and solvent, and the amounts of alcohol compound (1), diphenylphosphoryl azide, phosphine compound, azo compound, and solvent used, but is preferably -20°C to 60°C, more preferably -5°C to 40°C, even more preferably 0°C to 30°C, and even more preferably 15°C to 30°C. If the reaction temperature is within the above range, the target compound, azide compound (2), can be obtained safely with high diastereoselectivity and preferably in good yield.
- the reaction time in the azidation reaction 1 may be set appropriately depending on the types of phosphine compound, azo compound, and solvent, and the amounts of alcohol compound (1), diphenylphosphoryl azide, phosphine compound, azo compound, and solvent used, but is preferably 0.5 to 120 hours, and more preferably 1 to 48 hours.
- the diastereoselectivity (cis:trans) of the azide compound (2) obtained in the azidation reaction 1 is preferably in the range of 1:0.00 to 1:0.10, more preferably 1:0.00 to 1:0.06, and even more preferably 1:0.00 to 1:0.05.
- the yield of the azide compound (2) obtained by the azidation reaction 1 is preferably 65 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, even more preferably 80 mol% or more, and even more preferably 85 mol% or more, and there is no particular upper limit, and it may be 100 mol%.
- the azidation of the alcohol compound (1) may be, for example, by reacting the alcohol compound (1) with diphenylphosphoryl azide and a tertiary amine (hereinafter also referred to as azidation reaction 2).
- the desired azidation compound (2) can be obtained by reacting the alcohol compound (1) with diphenylphosphoryl azide in the presence of a tertiary amine (this step is also referred to as azidation reaction 2-1), and then adding a base and heating (this step is also referred to as azidation reaction 2-2).
- the amount of diphenylphosphoryl azide used as the azide group source in the azidation reaction 2-1 is preferably 1.0 mol or more and 10 mol or less, more preferably 1.1 mol or more, even more preferably 1.2 mol or more, and more preferably 8 mol or less, and even more preferably 5 mol or less, relative to 1 mol of the alcohol compound (1). That is, the amount of diphenylphosphoryl azide used is preferably 1.0 mol to 10 mol, more preferably 1.1 mol to 8 mol, and even more preferably 1.2 mol to 5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the alcohol compound (1).
- tertiary amine examples include 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]nonene-5, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylenediamine, benzyldimethylamine, triethanolamine, dimethylaminoethanol, and tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol.
- 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene triethylenediamine, benzyldimethylamine, triethanolamine, dimethylaminoethanol, and tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol are preferred, and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene is particularly preferred.
- the amount of the tertiary amine used in the azidation reaction 2-1 is preferably 1.0 mol to 10 mol, more preferably 1.1 mol or more, even more preferably 1.2 mol or more, more preferably 8 mol or less, and even more preferably 5 mol or less, per mol of the alcohol compound (1). That is, the amount of the tertiary amine used is preferably 1.0 mol to 10 mol, more preferably 1.1 mol to 8 mol, and even more preferably 1.2 mol to 5 mol, per mol of the alcohol compound (1).
- the amount of the tertiary amine used is preferably 0.5 mol to 1.5 mol, more preferably 0.7 mol or more, even more preferably 0.9 mol or more, more preferably 1.3 mol or less, and even more preferably 1.1 mol or less, per mol of diphenylphosphoryl azide. That is, the amount of the tertiary amine used is preferably 0.5 mol to 1.5 mol, more preferably 0.7 mol to 1.3 mol, and even more preferably 0.9 mol to 1.1 mol, per mol of diphenylphosphoryl azide.
- a solvent may be used in the azidation reaction 2-1.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include the solvents exemplified as solvents usable in the azidation reaction 1. Only one type of solvent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the solvent used in the azidation reaction 2-1 is preferably a hydrocarbon solvent, and toluene is particularly preferred.
- the amount (volume) of the solvent used in the azidation reaction 2-1 is preferably 1 to 50 times (vol/w) the weight of the alcohol compound (1), more preferably 2 to 30 times (vol/w), and even more preferably 5 to 20 times (vol/w).
- the unit of vol/w is ml/g.
- the azidation reaction 2-1 is preferably carried out under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the reaction temperature in the azidation reaction 2-1 is, for example, preferably 0°C to 90°C, more preferably 10°C to 80°C, and even more preferably 20°C to 70°C.
- the reaction time in the azidation reaction 2-1 is, for example, preferably 0.1 to 10 hours, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 hours.
- a base is added to the reaction solution of alcohol compound (1) and diphenylphosphoryl azide to substitute the phosphate group formed by the reaction (azidation reaction 2-1) with an azide group (azidation reaction 2-2).
- the base may be an organic base or an inorganic base, but is preferably an inorganic base, such as an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; an alkaline earth metal hydroxide such as magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide; an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate; an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate such as sodium hydrogen carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate; a metal hydride such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride, or calcium hydride; and the like.
- An alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali metal carbonate is preferred, and an alkali metal carbonate is more preferred.
- the amount of the base used is preferably 1.0 mol or more and 15 mol or less, more preferably 1.1 mol or more, even more preferably 1.2 mol or more, more preferably 12 mol or less, and even more preferably 10 mol or less, per mol of the alcohol compound (1).
- the amount of the base used is preferably 1.0 mol to 15 mol, more preferably 1.1 mol to 12 mol, and even more preferably 1.2 mol to 10 mol, per mol of the alcohol compound (1).
- the heat treatment temperature after the addition of the base is, for example, preferably 50° C. to 150° C., more preferably 70° C. to 130° C., and further preferably 80° C. to 120° C.
- the heat treatment time is, for example, preferably 1 hour to 72 hours, and more preferably 5 hours to 36 hours.
- the diastereoselectivity (cis:trans) of the azide compound (2) obtained in the azidation reaction 2 is preferably in the range of 1:0.00 to 1:0.16, and more preferably 1:0.00 to 1:0.14.
- the yield of the azide compound (2) obtained by the azidation reaction 2 is preferably 30 mol% or more, more preferably 35 mol% or more, even more preferably 40 mol% or more, and even more preferably 45 mol% or more, and there is no particular upper limit, and it may be 100 mol%.
- the azidation of the alcohol compound (1) may be carried out, for example, by reacting the alcohol compound (1) with a sulfonylating agent and a base to obtain a sulfonate compound represented by the following formula (5) (hereinafter also referred to as sulfonate compound (5)) (this step is also referred to as azidation reaction 3-1), and then reacting the sulfonate compound (5) with a metal azide (this step is also referred to as azidation reaction 3-2).
- R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R 2 SO 2 X examples include methanesulfonyl chloride (also called mesyl chloride), p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, chloromethanesulfonyl chloride, etc.
- R 2 SO 2 ) 2 O examples include methanesulfonic anhydride, p-toluenesulfonic anhydride, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, etc.
- methanesulfonyl chloride and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride are preferred, with methanesulfonyl chloride being more preferred.
- the amount of the sulfonylating agent used in the azidation reaction 3-1 is preferably 1.0 mol or more and 15 mol or less, more preferably 1.2 mol or more, even more preferably 1.4 mol or more, and more preferably 10 mol or less, and even more preferably 5 mol or less, per mol of the alcohol compound (1).
- the amount of the sulfonylating agent used is preferably 1.0 mol to 15 mol, more preferably 1.2 mol to 10 mol, and even more preferably 1.4 mol to 5 mol, per mol of the alcohol compound (1).
- the base used in the azidation reaction 3-1 may be an organic base or an inorganic base, and examples thereof include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate; lithium methoxide, lithium ethoxide, lithium isopropoxide, lithium tert-butoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium isopropoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium methoxide, Examples of the base include metal alkoxides such as potassium t-butoxide, potassium ethoxide, potassium isopropoxide, and potassium t-butoxide; metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride, and calcium hydride; alkyl lithium reagents such as n-butyllith
- the amount of base used in the azidation reaction 3-1 is preferably 0.1 mol to 15 mol, more preferably 0.5 mol or more, even more preferably 1.0 mol or more, and more preferably 8 mol or less, even more preferably 5 mol or less, per mol of alcohol compound (1).
- the amount of base used is preferably 0.1 mol to 15 mol, more preferably 0.5 mol to 8 mol, even more preferably 1.0 mol to 5 mol, per mol of alcohol compound (1).
- quaternary ammonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium chloride and tetrabutylammonium bromide; crown ethers; etc. may be used together with a base as necessary.
- a solvent may be used in the reaction between the alcohol compound (1), the sulfonylating agent, and the base (azidation reaction 3-1).
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include the solvents exemplified as solvents usable in the azidation reaction 1; and halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane (also called methylene chloride), chloroform, and chlorobenzene. Only one type of solvent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the solvent used in the azidation reaction 3-1 is preferably a halogen-based solvent, a ketone-based solvent, an ester-based solvent, or a hydrocarbon-based solvent, more preferably a halogen-based solvent, a ketone-based solvent, or an ester-based solvent, and even more preferably a halogen-based solvent.
- the amount (volume) of the solvent used in the azidation reaction 3-1 is preferably 1 to 50 times (vol/w) the weight of the alcohol compound (1), more preferably 2 to 40 times (vol/w), and even more preferably 5 to 30 times (vol/w).
- the unit of vol/w is ml/g.
- the azidation reaction 3-1 is preferably carried out under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the reaction temperature in the azidation reaction 3-1 may be set appropriately depending on the types of sulfonylating agent, base, and solvent, and the amounts of alcohol compound (1), sulfonylating agent, base, and solvent used, but is preferably -50°C to 60°C, more preferably -5°C to 40°C, and even more preferably 0°C to 30°C.
- the reaction time in the azidation reaction 3-1 may be set appropriately depending on the types of sulfonylating agent, base, and solvent, and the amounts of alcohol compound (1), sulfonylating agent, base, and solvent used, but is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours, and more preferably 1 to 5 hours.
- ⁇ Sulfonate compound (5)>> The alcohol compound (1) is subjected to the azidation reaction 3-1 in which the above-mentioned sulfonylating agent and a base are reacted with the alcohol compound (1) to obtain a sulfonate compound (5).
- the alkyl group represented by R2 may be linear or branched, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, etc.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group represented by R2 is 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 3.
- Examples of the aryl group represented by R2 include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a naphthyl group, etc.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aryl group represented by R2 is 6 to 12, preferably 6 to 10, and particularly preferably 6 to 8.
- Examples of the substituent that the alkyl group represented by R2 may have and the substituent that the aryl group may have include halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom; alkoxy groups (having preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms) such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenoxy group, and a benzyloxy group; a cyano group; a nitro group; and a carbamoyl group.
- halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom
- alkoxy groups (having preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms) such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenoxy group, and a benzyloxy group
- a cyano group such as a methoxy group, an eth
- R2 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, even more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 carbon atoms, still more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- the sulfonate compound (5) can be purified or isolated by a known method as desired, and may be reacted with a metal azide (azidation reaction 3-2) after purification and/or isolation, or may be reacted with a metal azide as a reaction mixture (azidation reaction 3-2).
- the purification and/or isolation method may be, for example, an appropriate combination of extraction, concentration, crystallization, column chromatography, etc. From the viewpoint of the yield of the azide compound (2), it is preferable to react the sulfonate compound (5) with a metal azide after purification and/or isolation.
- Examples of the metal azide used in the azidation reaction 3-2 include alkali metal azides such as lithium azide, sodium azide, and potassium azide; alkaline earth metal azides such as magnesium azide, calcium azide, and strontium azide; lead azide, iron azide, copper azide, and zinc azide. Among these, alkali metal azides are preferred, and sodium azide is particularly preferred.
- the amount of metal azide used as the azide group source in the azidation reaction 3-2 is preferably 0.1 mol or more and 15 mol or less, more preferably 0.5 mol or more, even more preferably 1.0 mol or more, more preferably 10 mol or less, and even more preferably 5 mol or less, per mol of the sulfonate compound (5).
- the amount of metal azide used is preferably 0.1 mol to 15 mol, more preferably 0.5 mol to 10 mol, and even more preferably 1.0 mol to 5 mol, per mol of the sulfonate compound (5).
- phase transfer catalyst may be used together with the metal azide as necessary.
- the phase transfer catalyst include quaternary ammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium sulfate, and trioctylmethylammonium chloride; quaternary phosphonium salts such as tetrabutylphosphonium chloride; pyridinium compounds such as dodecylpyridinium chloride; and crown ethers.
- phase transfer catalyst quaternary ammonium salts and pyridinium compounds are preferred, tetrabutylammonium chloride and dodecylpyridinium chloride are more preferred, and dodecylpyridinium chloride is even more preferred.
- the amount of phase transfer catalyst used in the azidation reaction 3-2 is preferably 0.05 mol or more and 5 mol or less, more preferably 0.08 mol or more, even more preferably 0.1 mol or more, and more preferably 3 mol or less, and even more preferably 1.0 mol or less, per mol of the sulfonate compound (5).
- the amount of phase transfer catalyst used is preferably 0.05 mol to 5 mol, more preferably 0.08 mol to 3 mol, and even more preferably 0.1 mol to 1.0 mol, per mol of the sulfonate compound (5).
- a solvent may be used in the reaction between the sulfonate compound (5) and the metal azide (azidation reaction 3-2).
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include the solvents exemplified as solvents usable in the azidation reaction 1. Only one type of solvent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the solvent in the azidation reaction 3-2 is preferably a hydrocarbon solvent, an amide solvent, a urea solvent, a sulfoxide solvent, or an ester solvent, more preferably a hydrocarbon solvent or an amide solvent, even more preferably a hydrocarbon solvent, and even more preferably toluene.
- the amount (volume) of the solvent used in the azidation reaction 3-2 is preferably 1 to 50 times (vol/w) the weight of the sulfonate compound (5), more preferably 2 to 40 times (vol/w), and even more preferably 5 to 30 times (vol/w).
- the unit of vol/w is ml/g.
- the reaction temperature in the azidation reaction 3-2 may be set appropriately depending on the types of metal azide, phase transfer catalyst, and solvent, and the amounts of sulfonate compound (5), metal azide, phase transfer catalyst, and solvent used, but is preferably -50°C to 120°C, more preferably 0°C to 100°C, and even more preferably 50°C to 90°C.
- the reaction time in the azidation reaction 3-2 may be set appropriately depending on the types of metal azide, phase transfer catalyst, and solvent, and the amounts of sulfonate compound (5), metal azide, phase transfer catalyst, and solvent used, but is preferably 1 hour to 96 hours, more preferably 5 hours to 72 hours, and even more preferably 8 hours to 48 hours.
- the diastereoselectivity (cis:trans) of the azide compound (2) obtained in the azidation reaction 3 is preferably in the range of 1:0.00 to 1:0.42, more preferably 1:0.00 to 1:0.40, and even more preferably 1:0.00 to 1:0.35.
- the yield of the azide compound (2) obtained in the azidation reaction 3 is preferably 30 mol% or more, more preferably 35 mol% or more, even more preferably 40 mol% or more, and even more preferably 45 mol% or more, based on the alcohol compound (1), and there is no particular upper limit, and it may be 100 mol%.
- the azide compound (2) obtained by the azidation reaction can be purified or isolated by a known method, if desired. From the viewpoint of safety, it is preferable to use the azide compound (2) as a raw material for further reactions, preferably in the form of a reaction mixture, without purification or isolation.
- the alcohol compound (1) to be subjected to azidation may be produced, for example, by dehydration condensation of an amino alcohol compound represented by the following formula (11) (hereinafter, also referred to as amino alcohol compound (11)) or a salt thereof with 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.
- amino alcohol compound (11) represented by the following formula (11)
- amino alcohol compound (11) or a salt thereof with 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a tert-butoxycarbonyl group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a Boc group).)
- the salt of amino alcohol compound (11) is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharma- ceutical acceptable salt.
- a pharma-ceutical acceptable salt means a salt that, when administered to humans, does not usually cause gastrointestinal disorders, allergic reactions such as dizziness, and the like, and is normally used by a person having ordinary knowledge in the relevant field when manufacturing pharmaceutical preparations.
- Examples of the salt of the amino alcohol compound (11) include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate; sulfonate salts such as methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, and p-toluenesulfonate; carboxylate salts such as formate, acetate, oxalate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, malate, succinate, malonate, gluconate, mandelate, benzoate, salicylate, fluoroacetate, trifluoroacetate, tartrate, propionate, and glutarate; alkali metal salts such as lithium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, cesium salt, and rubidium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salt and calcium salt; ammonium salts such as ammonium salt, alkylammonium salt, dialkylammonium salt, trialkylammonium
- organic acid salts such as carboxylates and sulfonates, and inorganic acid salts are preferred.
- a compound in which R 1 in the formula (11) is a hydrogen atom is also referred to as an aminoalcohol compound (11-1), and a compound in which R 1 is a tert-butoxycarbonyl group is also referred to as an aminoalcohol compound (11-2).
- the Boc-protected amino alcohol compound (11-2) or its salt is converted to amino alcohol compound (11-1) or its salt by removing the Boc group (deprotection reaction), and then 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or its salt is subjected to dehydration condensation.
- the deprotection reaction may be carried out by a known method.
- the reaction may be treated with an acid such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid at -20°C to 70°C (preferably, 0°C to 40°C) for 0.1 to 8 hours (preferably, 0.1 to 5 hours).
- an acid such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid at -20°C to 70°C (preferably, 0°C to 40°C) for 0.1 to 8 hours (preferably, 0.1 to 5 hours).
- the amino alcohol compound (11) is preferably the amino alcohol compound (11-1) (i.e., R 1 is a hydrogen atom).
- the amino alcohol compound (11-2) is often produced by protecting the amino group in the alcohol compound (11-1) with Boc, and while the production of the alcohol compound (1) requires deprotection of the Boc group as described above, which is troublesome, the amino alcohol compound (11-1) can avoid the introduction and deprotection of the Boc group, and the reaction route can be simplified.
- the alcohol compound (1) is obtained by dehydrating and condensing the amino alcohol compound (11-1) or a salt thereof with 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.
- 5-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof may be a derivative derived into a mixed acid anhydride, an acid halide, an active ester, or the like, as necessary.
- the derivative may be formed by a known method.
- the dehydration condensation reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a base.
- a base examples include the bases exemplified as bases that can be used in the azidation reaction 3. Only one type of base may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the base is preferably an organic base, more preferably a tertiary amine, and particularly preferably triethylamine.
- the amount of base used in the dehydration condensation reaction is preferably 0.5 mol to 20 mol, more preferably 1.0 mol or more, even more preferably 1.5 mol or more, more preferably 15 mol or less, and even more preferably 10 mol or less, per mol of amino alcohol compound (11-1) or a salt thereof.
- the amount of base used is preferably 0.5 mol to 20 mol, more preferably 1.0 mol to 15 mol, and even more preferably 1.5 mol to 10 mol, per mol of amino alcohol compound (11-1) or a salt thereof.
- the dehydration condensation reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples include the solvents exemplified as solvents usable in the azidation reaction 3-1, water, etc. Only one type of solvent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- Solvents used in the dehydration condensation reaction are preferably halogenated solvents, ether solvents, hydrocarbon solvents (particularly aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and benzene), amide solvents, sulfoxide solvents, ketone solvents, and water solvents, more preferably halogenated solvents, ether solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, amide solvents, and water solvents, and even more preferably halogenated solvents and water solvents.
- the amount (volume) of the solvent used in the dehydration condensation reaction is preferably 1 to 50 times (vol/w) the weight of the amino alcohol compound (11-1) or its salt, more preferably 2 to 40 times (vol/w), and even more preferably 5 to 30 times (vol/w).
- the unit of vol/w is ml/g.
- condensing agent examples include carbodiimide-based condensing agents such as 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide; imidazole-based condensing agents such as N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole and 1,1'-carbonyldi(1,2,4-triazole); 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride, and (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-(2-octoxy-2-oxoethyl
- carbodiimide-based condensing agents such as 1-[3-(di
- Triazine-based condensing agents such as ammonium; phosphonium-based condensing agents such as 1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, 1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate, (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate, chlorotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate, bromotris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, and 3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one; O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N' -tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, O-(7-azabenz
- a carbodiimide-based condensing agent is preferred as the condensing agent in the dehydration condensation reaction.
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 mol to 20 mol, more preferably 0.5 mol or more, even more preferably 1.0 mol or more, more preferably 10 mol or less, and even more preferably 5 mol or less, per mol of the amino alcohol compound (11-1) or a salt thereof.
- the amount of the condensing agent used is preferably 0.1 mol to 20 mol, more preferably 0.5 mol to 10 mol, and even more preferably 1.0 mol to 5 mol, per mol of the amino alcohol compound (11-1) or a salt thereof.
- condensation additive When using a condensing agent in the dehydration condensation reaction, it is preferable to use a condensation additive in combination.
- the condensation additive include 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide, and N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate, with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole being preferred, and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole being more preferred.
- the amount of the condensation additive used is preferably 0.5 mol to 5 mol, more preferably 0.7 mol or more, even more preferably 0.8 mol or more, more preferably 3 mol or less, and even more preferably 2 mol or less, per mol of the condensation agent.
- the amount of the condensation additive used is preferably 0.5 mol to 5 mol, more preferably 0.7 mol to 3 mol, and even more preferably 0.8 mol to 2 mol, per mol of the condensation agent.
- the reaction temperature in the dehydration condensation reaction is preferably, for example, 50°C to 156°C, and more preferably 80°C to 150°C.
- the reaction temperature is preferably, for example, -20°C to 100°C or lower, and more preferably 0°C to 60°C.
- the reaction time for the dehydration condensation reaction is, for example, preferably 10 minutes to 36 hours, more preferably 0.1 hours to 30 hours, and even more preferably 0.5 hours to 24 hours.
- salts of 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate; sulfonate salts such as methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, and p-toluenesulfonate; carboxylate salts such as formate, acetate, oxalate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, malate, succinate, malonate, gluconate, mandelate, benzoate, salicylate, fluoroacetate, trifluoroacetate, tartrate, propionate, and glutarate; alkali metal salts such as lithium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, cesium salt, and rubidium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salt and calcium salt; ammonium salts such as ammoni
- inorganic acid salts and alkali metal salts are preferred, hydrochloride and lithium salts are more preferred, and hydrochloride is even more preferred.
- the alcohol compound (1) obtained by the above reaction can be purified or isolated by a known method as desired, and may be subjected to the azidation reaction after purification and/or isolation, or the reaction mixture may be subjected to the azidation reaction as it is.
- the purification and/or isolation method may be, for example, an appropriate combination of extraction, concentration, crystallization, column chromatography, etc. From the viewpoint of the yield of the azide compound (2), it is preferable to purify and/or isolate the alcohol compound (1) before subjecting it to the azidation reaction.
- amine compound (3) An amine compound represented by the following formula (3) (hereinafter also referred to as amine compound (3)) or a salt thereof may be produced by reducing the azide group of azide compound (2) obtained by azidizing alcohol compound (1).
- the reduction reaction proceeds without affecting the stereochemistry of the amino group.
- the azide compound (2) obtained by the azidation reaction is obtained with high diastereoselectivity, so the amine compound (3) obtained by the production method using the azide compound (2) as a raw material also has high diastereomeric purity.
- Methods for reducing an azide group include, for example, a method involving the action of a transition metal catalyst and a hydrogen source (reduction reaction 1); a method involving the action of phosphine and water (reduction reaction 2); and a method involving the action of a metal hydride (reduction reaction 3).
- reduction reaction 1 a method involving the action of a transition metal catalyst and a hydrogen source
- reduction reaction 2 a method involving the action of phosphine and water
- reduction reaction 2 are preferred as methods for reducing an azide group, with reduction reaction 2 being more preferred.
- the reduction reaction 1 is a reaction in which the azide group of the azide compound (2) is subjected to the action of a transition metal catalyst and a hydrogen source to carry out hydrogenolysis and reduction.
- the transition metal catalyst may be, for example, a metal, alloy, or chloride thereof such as platinum, rhodium, palladium, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, or rhenium.
- the transition metal catalyst may be a catalyst dispersed on a powder carrier.
- the powder carrier may be, for example, carbon, alumina, silica-alumina, silica, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, or zeolite.
- the transition metal catalyst is preferably Pd/C, Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, or platinum, more preferably Pd/C, Raney nickel, or platinum, and even more preferably Pd/C. Only one type of transition metal catalyst may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the amount of the transition metal catalyst used is preferably 10 times the mass of the azide compound (2), more preferably 5 times the mass, even more preferably 2 times the mass, and even more preferably 1 time the mass.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.0001 times the mass of the azide compound (2), more preferably 0.001 times the mass, and even more preferably 0.01 times the mass.
- the amount of the transition metal catalyst used is preferably 0.0001 to 10 times the mass of the azide compound (2), more preferably 0.001 to 5 times the mass, even more preferably 0.01 to 2 times the mass, and even more preferably 0.01 to 1 time the mass.
- Examples of the hydrogen source include hydrogen gas and hydrogen donors.
- Examples of the hydrogen donor include hydrazines such as hydrazine, methylhydrazine, allylhydrazine, and phenylhydrazine; formic acids such as formic acid, sodium formate, and ammonium formate; and the like.
- Formic acids are preferred as the hydrogen source.
- the amount used is preferably 1 to 30 moles relative to 1 mole of the azide compound (2), more preferably 2 moles or more, even more preferably 5 moles or more, more preferably 20 moles or less, and even more preferably 10 moles or less.
- the amount of formic acids used is preferably 1 to 30 moles relative to 1 mole of the azide compound (2), more preferably 2 to 20 moles, and even more preferably 5 to 10 moles.
- the reduction reaction 1 may be carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include the solvents exemplified as solvents that can be used in the azidation reaction 1; alcohol-based solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol; and the like. Only one type of solvent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the solvent used in reduction reaction 1 is preferably an alcohol-based solvent, more preferably an alcohol-based solvent having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the amount (volume) of the solvent used in reduction reaction 1 is preferably 0.1 times (vol/w) to 100 times (vol/w) the weight of the azide compound (2), more preferably 0.5 times (vol/w) to 50 times (vol/w), and even more preferably 1 time (vol/w) to 20 times (vol/w).
- the unit of vol/w is ml/g.
- the method and order of addition of the azide compound (2), the transition metal catalyst, the hydrogen source, and the solvent used as needed are not particularly limited.
- the reaction temperature in reduction reaction 1 is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately, but from the viewpoint of suppressing the production of by-products, a temperature between -20°C and 100°C is preferable, a temperature between 0°C and 70°C is more preferable, and a temperature between 20°C and 50°C is even more preferable.
- the reaction time for reduction reaction 1 is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately, but is preferably 0.1 to 48 hours, and more preferably 0.5 to 24 hours.
- Reduction reaction 2 is a method in which a phosphine and water are reacted with the azide group of azide compound (2). More specifically, phosphine is first reacted with azide compound (2) to form iminophosphorane having a nitrogen-phosphorus double bond, and water is then reacted with the iminophosphorane to hydrolyze it, thereby reducing the azide group.
- phosphine examples include tertiary phosphines such as triphenylphosphine, diphenylmethylphosphine, dimethylphenylphosphine, trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, and tripropylphosphine, and triphenylphosphine is more preferable. Only one type of phosphine may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the amount of phosphine used is preferably 0.8 mol to 35 mol, more preferably 1.0 mol or more, even more preferably 1.5 mol or more, and more preferably 20 mol or less, and even more preferably 10 mol or less, per mol of azide compound (2).
- the amount of phosphine used is preferably 0.8 mol to 35 mol, more preferably 1.0 mol to 20 mol, and even more preferably 1.5 mol to 10 mol, per mol of azide compound (2).
- the amount of water used for hydrolysis in reduction reaction 2 is preferably 1 mol or more and 50 mol or less, more preferably 5 mol or more, even more preferably 10 mol or more, more preferably 40 mol or less, and even more preferably 35 mol or less, per mol of azide compound (2).
- the amount of water used is preferably 1 mol to 50 mol, more preferably 5 mol to 40 mol, and even more preferably 10 mol to 35 mol, per mol of azide compound (2).
- the amine compound (3) can be produced from the azide compound (2) with high production efficiency and yield.
- the reduction reaction 2 may be carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples of the solvent include the solvents exemplified as solvents that can be used in the reduction reaction 1.
- ether solvents, ester solvents, and hydrocarbon solvents are preferred, tetrahydrofuran, t-butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and toluene are more preferred, tetrahydrofuran, t-butyl methyl ether, ethyl acetate, and toluene are even more preferred, and tetrahydrofuran, t-butyl methyl ether, and toluene are even more preferred.
- the amount (volume) of the solvent used in reduction reaction 2 is preferably 1 to 80 times (vol/w) the weight of the azide compound (2), and more preferably 5 to 50 times (vol/w).
- the unit of vol/w is ml/g.
- the reaction temperature in reduction reaction 2 is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately, but from the standpoint of suppressing the production of by-products and ensuring safety, a temperature between 0°C and 60°C is preferred, between 10°C and 58°C is more preferred, and between 30°C and 55°C is even more preferred.
- the reaction time for reduction reaction 2 is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately, but is preferably 0.1 to 48 hours, and more preferably 1 to 36 hours.
- the reduction reaction 3 is a hydride reduction reaction in which a metal hydride, which is a hydrogen donor, acts on the azide group of the azide compound (2).
- metal hydride examples include sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, etc., and sodium borohydride is preferred. Only one type of metal hydride may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the amount of metal hydride used is preferably 0.9 mol to 10 mol, more preferably 1.0 mol or more, more preferably 5 mol or less, and even more preferably 3 mol or less, per mol of azide compound (2).
- the amount of metal hydride used is preferably 0.9 mol to 10 mol, more preferably 1.0 mol to 5 mol, and even more preferably 1.0 mol to 3 mol, per mol of azide compound (2).
- the reduction reaction 3 may be carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples include the solvents exemplified as solvents usable in the reduction reaction 1, water, etc. Only one type of solvent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- ether solvents, ester solvents, hydrocarbon solvents, alcohol solvents, and water solvents are preferred, alcohol solvents and water solvents are more preferred, and alcohol solvents having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and water solvents are even more preferred.
- the amount (volume) of the solvent used in reduction reaction 3 is preferably 0.1 to 100 times (vol/w) the weight of the azide compound (2), more preferably 0.5 to 50 times (vol/w), and even more preferably 1 to 20 times (vol/w).
- the unit of vol/w is ml/g.
- the method and order of addition of the azide compound (2), the metal hydride, and the solvent used as needed are not particularly limited.
- the reaction temperature in reduction reaction 3 is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately, but from the standpoint of reaction efficiency, a temperature between 0°C and 120°C is preferred, a temperature between 10°C and 80°C is more preferred, and a temperature between 20°C and 50°C is even more preferred.
- the reaction time for reduction reaction 3 is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately, but is preferably 10 minutes to 24 hours, and more preferably 0.5 hours to 10 hours.
- the azidation reaction and the reduction reaction may use different or the same solvent. If the same solvent is used, it is preferable from the viewpoint of production efficiency to continue using the solvent used in the azidation reaction in the reduction reaction. Even if the solvent used in the azidation reaction is continued, a new solvent may be added in the reduction reaction.
- the yield of the amine compound (3) obtained by the reduction reaction is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, and even more preferably 65 mol% or more, and there is no particular upper limit, and it may be 100 mol%.
- the amine compound (3) obtained by the reduction reaction may be isolated and/or purified as desired. For this purpose, conventional separation methods such as extraction, concentration, crystallization, column chromatography, etc. may be appropriately combined.
- the amine compound (3) can be used as a raw material for further reactions, for example, as a synthetic intermediate for edoxaban, an anticoagulant described later.
- the salt of amine compound (3) is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt.
- Examples of salts of amine compound (3) include the salts exemplified as salts of aminoalcohol compound (11).
- the reaction for forming the salt of amine compound (3) may be carried out by a known method.
- the target compound with high diastereomeric purity can be obtained by using an amine compound (3) with high diastereomeric purity as a raw material.
- the alkyl group of the 2-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoacetate alkyl group may be linear or branched, and examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl groups.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferred, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferred, a methyl group or an ethyl group is even more preferred, and an ethyl group is even more preferred.
- the 2-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoacetate alkyl or its salt may be a derivative, such as a mixed acid anhydride, an acid halide, or an active ester, as necessary. Such a derivative may be formed by a known method.
- Salts of 2-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoacetate alkyl include the salts exemplified above as salts of 5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, and are preferably inorganic acid salts, alkali metal salts, or alkaline earth metal salts, more preferably inorganic acid salts, and even more preferably hydrochloride salts.
- the condensation reaction A is preferably carried out in the presence of a base.
- the base include the bases exemplified as bases that can be used in the azidation reaction 3. Only one type of base may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the base is preferably an organic base, more preferably a tertiary amine, and particularly preferably 4-dimethylaminopyridine.
- the amount of base used in the condensation reaction A is preferably 0.5 to 15 moles, more preferably 0.8 moles or more, even more preferably 1.0 moles or more, and more preferably 10 moles or less, and even more preferably 5 moles or less, per mole of amine compound (3).
- the amount of base used is preferably 0.5 to 15 moles, more preferably 0.8 to 10 moles, and even more preferably 1.0 to 5 moles, per mole of amine compound (3).
- the condensation reaction A is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples include the solvents exemplified as solvents usable in the azidation reaction 3-1. Only one type of solvent may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the solvent used in the condensation reaction A is preferably a halogen-based solvent, an ether-based solvent, a hydrocarbon-based solvent (particularly an aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvent such as toluene or benzene), an amide-based solvent, or a nitrile-based solvent, more preferably a halogen-based solvent, an ether-based solvent, an aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvent, or a nitrile-based solvent, and even more preferably a nitrile-based solvent.
- the amount (volume) of the solvent used in the condensation reaction A is preferably 1 to 50 times (vol/w) the weight of the amine compound (3), more preferably 2 to 40 times (vol/w), and even more preferably 5 to 30 times (vol/w).
- the unit of vol/w is ml/g.
- the reaction temperature in condensation reaction A is, for example, preferably -50°C to 150°C, and more preferably 0°C to 100°C.
- the reaction time in condensation reaction A is, for example, preferably 0.5 hours to 72 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 60 hours, and even more preferably 2 hours to 48 hours.
- the yield of compound (4) obtained by condensation reaction A (based on amine compound (3)) is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, and even more preferably 65 mol% or more, and there is no particular upper limit, and it may be 100 mol%.
- Compound (4) obtained by condensation reaction A may be isolated and/or purified as desired.
- conventional separation methods such as extraction, concentration, crystallization, column chromatography, etc. may be appropriately combined.
- the salt of compound (4) is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharma- ceutically acceptable salt.
- Examples of salts of compound (4) include the salts exemplified as salts of amine compound (3).
- the reaction for forming the salt of compound (4) may be carried out by a known method.
- organic acid salts such as carboxylates and sulfonates, and inorganic acid salts are preferred, organic acid salts are more preferred, and sulfonates are even more preferred.
- Compound (4) or a salt thereof may be a solvate.
- a solvate is a compound (4) or a salt thereof that is stabilized by forming a covalent bond, a hydrogen bond, an ionic bond, a van der Waals force, a complex, an inclusion, or the like with a solvent.
- the solvent is not limited, and examples thereof include water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, acetone, acetonitrile, and ethyl ether.
- the solvate is not particularly limited as long as it is medicamentously acceptable, but hydrates and ethanol solvates are preferred, and hydrates are more preferred.
- each compound was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to calculate the yield and diastereoselectivity.
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- the HPLC conditions were as follows: Column: COSMOSIL 5C18-AR-II (4.6 x 250 mm) (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) Column temperature: 40°C Detection wavelength: 210 nm Mobile phase A: acetonitrile Mobile phase B: 0.1 wt% phosphoric acid aqueous solution Gradient conditions: Time (min) Mobile phase A (%) Mobile phase B (%) 0 5 95 32.5 80 20 39.49 80 20 39.5 5 95 44.5 5 95 Flow rate: 0.8ml/min Injection volume: 10 ⁇ l Retention times: alcohol compound (1); 8.2 minutes, azide compound (2); 12.7 minutes, diastereomer of azide compound (2) (trans form); 13.5 minutes, azide compound (2A); 20.0 minutes, diastereomer of azide compound (2A) (
- methanesulfonic acid (8.46 g, 88.0 mmol) was added to a solution of the aminoalcohol compound represented by formula (11-2) (5.04 g, 17.6 mmol) and dichloromethane (50.0 mL) at 0°C, and the mixture was heated to room temperature (approximately 20-25°C) and stirred for 30 minutes.
- the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and 100 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added. After separation into an organic layer and an aqueous layer, the aqueous layer was further extracted four times with 50 mL of dichloromethane. The collected organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration, it was concentrated under reduced pressure to become a reddish brown oil. 40 mL of acetonitrile was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 5 hours, and the orange slurry solution was filtered. The obtained solid was dried in vacuum for 18 hours to obtain alcohol compound (1) as a white solid (4.51 g, 12.3 mmol, purity 97.6 area%, yield 70.0%).
- Example 2-2 Production of alcohol compound (1) 2
- water was used instead of dichloromethane, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours instead of heating to 40° C. and stirring for 2 hours, and the same reaction as in Example 2-1 was carried out.
- the target compound was obtained with a purity of 94.4 area% and a yield of 44.2%.
- methyl tert-butyl ether (dielectric constant: 4.50) (3.0 mL) was cooled to 0°C. After cooling, diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.455 mL, 2.32 mmol) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (0.747 mL, 3.48 mmol) were added and stirred for 5 minutes. Triphenylphosphine (0.608 g, 2.32 mmol) was added and stirred for 1 hour. After stirring, alcohol compound (1) (0.500 g, content 85.0 wt%, 1.16 mmol) was added and the temperature was raised to 25°C. After heating, the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 21 hours. When the reaction solution was analyzed by HPLC, the yield of azide compound (2) was 91.0% and the diastereoselectivity was 1:0.04.
- Example 3-2 Production of azide compound (2) 1-1)
- Azide compound (2) was produced in the same manner as in Example 3-1 above, except that methyl tert-butyl ether was changed to cyclopentyl methyl ether (dielectric constant (25° C.): 4.76).
- the yield of azide compound (2) was 91.3%, and the diastereoselectivity was 1:0.04.
- Example 3-3 Production of azide compound (2) 1-1)
- Azide compound (2) was produced in the same manner as in Example 3-1 above, except that methyl tert-butyl ether was changed to anisole (dielectric constant (25° C.): 4.33).
- the yield of azide compound (2) was 88.8%, and the diastereoselectivity was 1:0.02.
- Example 3-4 Production of azide compound (2) 1-1)
- Azide compound (2) was produced in the same manner as in Example 3-1 above, except that methyl tert-butyl ether was changed to toluene (relative dielectric constant (25° C.): 2.38).
- the yield of azide compound (2) was 91.6%, and the diastereoselectivity was 1:0.02.
- the aminoalcohol compound represented by formula (11-2) (500.0 mg, 1.746 mmol) was suspended in tert-butyl methyl ether (6 mL) and cooled to 0°C.
- Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (706.1 mg, 3.492 mmol) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (1441.5 mg, 5.238 mmol) were added to the suspension at the same temperature, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes.
- Triphenylphosphine (915.9 mg, 3.492 mmol) was then added at 0°C, and the mixture was heated to room temperature.
- a hydroxyl group is azidized using diphenylphosphoryl azide, a phosphine compound, and an azo compound.
- an alcohol compound (1) having a bulky amide group specifically, a group represented by the formula (21)
- the diastereoselectivity of the resulting azide compound was improved compared to Comparative Example 1.
- the obtained pale yellow solid was dissolved in dichloromethane (3 mL), hexane (6 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to wash, and the white slurry solution was filtered.
- the obtained solid was dried for 4 hours to obtain a sulfonate compound represented by formula (5-1) (also referred to as sulfonate compound (5-1)) as a white solid (893 mg, 2.01 mmol, purity 99.47 area%, yield 77.6%).
- the obtained sulfonate compound (5-1) (400 mg, 0.90 mmol) was suspended in toluene (210 mL), dodecylpyridinium chloride (0.13 g, 0.45 mmol) and sodium azide (130 mg, 1.80 mmol) were added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 70°C for 20 hours.
- the reaction solution was analyzed by HPLC, the yield of azide compound (2) was 47.2%, and the diastereoselectivity was 1:0.12.
- Example 4 in both Example 4 and Comparative Example 2, a hydroxyl group is azidized using diphenylphosphoryl azide and a tertiary amine.
- Example 4 in which an alcohol compound (1) having a bulky amide group (specifically, a group represented by the formula (21)) as an adjacent group to the hydroxyl group is azidized, can improve the diastereoselectivity of the resulting azide compound compared to Comparative Example 2.
- diphenylphosphoryl azide (427 mg, 1.55 mmol) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (237 mg, 1.55 mmol) were added to a solution of alcohol compound (1) (475 mg, 1.30 mmol) in toluene (4.5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 50°C for 1 hour. Potassium carbonate (0.29 g, 2.07 mmol) was then added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 20 hours. HPLC analysis of the reaction solution revealed that the yield of azide compound (2) was 44.9% and the diastereoselectivity was 1:0.33.
- Example 5 In both Example 5 and Comparative Example 3, a sulfonate compound is formed using a sulfonylating agent and a base, and a metal azide is then allowed to act on the sulfonate compound to azido the hydroxyl group.
- Example 5 in which alcohol compound (1) having a bulky amide group (specifically, the group represented by the formula (21)) as the adjacent group to the hydroxyl group is azido-converted, was able to improve the diastereoselectivity of the resulting azide compound compared to Comparative Example 3.
- phthalimide (0.48 g, 3.24 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.85 g, 3.24 mmol) were added successively to a solution of alcohol compound (1) (1.00 g, 2.72 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (4.0 mL) at room temperature, and the mixture was cooled to 0°C.
- a solution of diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.72 g, 4.11 mmol) in toluene (1.79 g) was added dropwise at 0°C, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and then at 45°C for 17 hours.
- the reaction solution was analyzed by HPLC, and no compound represented by formula (15) was observed.
- Triphenylphosphine (0.4057 g, 1.55 mmol) was added to a solution of azide compound (2) (0.3626 g, content 83.49 wt%, 0.773 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (3.63 mL) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at 50°C for 2 hours.
- the mixture was cooled to room temperature, ethyl acetate (5 mL) was added, and the mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate (1.200 g).
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Abstract
Description
[1] 下記式(1)で表されるアルコール化合物をアジド化することを特徴とする、下記式(2)で表されるアジド化合物の製造方法。
[2] 前記アジド化が、前記式(1)で表されるアルコール化合物に、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、ホスフィン化合物、及びアゾ化合物を作用させることによるアジド化であることを特徴とする、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[3] 前記ホスフィン化合物が、トリアリールホスフィンであることを特徴とする、[2]に記載の製造方法。
[4] 前記ホスフィン化合物が、トリフェニルホスフィンであることを特徴とする、[3]に記載の製造方法。
[5] 前記アゾ化合物が、アゾジカルボキシレートであることを特徴とする、[2]~[4]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[6] 前記アゾ化合物が、アゾジカルボン酸ジエチル、アゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル、及びアゾジカルボン酸ジ-2-メトキシエチルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする、[5]に記載の製造方法。
[7] 前記アジド化が、前記式(1)で表されるアルコール化合物に、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、及び3級アミンを作用させることによるアジド化であることを特徴とする、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[8] 前記3級アミンが、1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデカ-7-エン、1,5-ジアザビシクロ[4,3,0]ノネン-5、トリエチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルグアニジン、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン、トリエチレンジアミン、ベンジルジメチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、ジメチルアミノエタノール、及びトリス(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノールからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする、[7]に記載の製造方法。
[9] 前記アジド化が、前記式(1)で表されるアルコール化合物に、スルホニル化剤及び塩基を作用させることにより下記式(5)で表されるスルホネート化合物を得て、
(式中、R2は炭素数1~12の置換基を有してもよいアルキル基、又は炭素数6~12の置換基を有してもよいアリール基を表す。)
前記式(5)で表されるスルホネート化合物に、金属アジドを作用させることによるアジド化であることを特徴とする、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[10] 前記スルホニル化剤が、メタンスルホニルクロリド、p-トルエンスルホニルクロリド、クロロメタンスルホニルクロリド、メタンスルホン酸無水物、p-トルエンスルホン酸無水物、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物から選択される少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする、[9]に記載の製造方法。
[11] 前記塩基が、3級アミンであることを特徴とする、[9]又は[10]に記載の製造方法。
[12] 前記金属アジドが、アルカリ金属アジドであることを特徴とする、[9]~[11]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[13] 前記式(5)中のR2が、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、及び炭素数6~10のアリール基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする、[9]~[12]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[14] 前記式(5)中のR2が、炭素数1~3のアルキル基であることを特徴とする、[13]に記載の製造方法。
[15] 前記金属アジドとともに相間移動触媒を作用させることを特徴とする、[9]~[14]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[16] 前記相間移動触媒が、4級アンモニウム塩、及びピリジニウム化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする、[15]に記載の製造方法。
[17] 前記相間移動触媒が、テトラブチルアンモニウムクロリド、又はドデシルピリジニウムクロリドであることを特徴とする、[16]に記載の製造方法。
[18] 下記式(11)で表されるアミノアルコール化合物又はその塩に、5-メチル-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロチアゾロ[5,4-c]ピリジン-2-カルボン酸又はその塩を脱水縮合させて、前記式(1)で表されるアルコール化合物を得る工程、をさらに有することを特徴とする、[1]~[17]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(式中、R1は水素原子、又はtert-ブトキシカルボニル基を表す。)
[19] 前記式(11)中のR1が水素原子であることを特徴とする、[18]に記載の製造方法。
[20] 前記脱水縮合において、縮合剤を用いることを特徴とする、[18]又は[19]に記載の製造方法。
[21] 前記縮合剤が、カルボジイミド系縮合剤であることを特徴とする、[20]に記載の製造方法。
[22] [1]~[21]のいずれかに記載の方法で製造した前記式(2)で表されるアジド化合物を還元することを特徴とする、下記式(3)で表されるアミン化合物又はその塩の製造方法。
[23] 前記還元が、前記式(2)で表されるアジド化合物に、ホスフィン及び水を作用させることによる還元であることを特徴とする、[22]に記載の製造方法。
[24] 前記ホスフィンが、トリフェニルホスフィンであることを特徴とする、[23]に記載の製造方法。
[25] [22]~[24]のいずれかに記載の方法で製造した前記式(3)で表されるアミン化合物に、2-[(5-クロロピリジン-2-イル)アミノ]-2-オキソ酢酸アルキル又はその塩を作用させることを特徴とする、下記式(4)で表されるN-(5-クロロピリジン-2-イル)-N’-((1S,2R,4S)-4-(ジメチルカルバモイル)-2-((5-メチル-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロチアゾール[5,4-c]ピリジン-2-カルボニル)アミノ)シクロヘキシル)オキサミド、その塩、又はこれらの溶媒和物の製造方法。
本発明の式(2)で表されるアジド化合物(以下、アジド化合物(2)とも称する)の製造方法は、式(1)で表されるアルコール化合物(以下、アルコール化合物(1)とも称する)をアジド化することを特徴とする。
アルコール化合物(1)のアジド化は、例えば、アルコール化合物(1)に、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、ホスフィン化合物、及びアゾ化合物を作用させることによるアジド化(以下、アジド化反応1とも称する)であってもよい。この反応では、ホスフィン化合物とアゾ化合物がアルコール化合物(1)の水酸基を活性化し、ジフェニルホスホリルアジドから発生するアジ化物イオンが、立体反転を伴いつつ活性化水酸基と置換することで、目的アジド化合物(2)が生成する。前記反応は一般的な求核置換反応とは異なり、安定な二重結合(P=O)形成を反応駆動力とするためか、比較的温和な条件下で反応が進行し、高ジアステレオ選択性と安全性を両立できる。
アジド化反応1においてアジド基源となるジフェニルホスホリルアジドの使用量としては、アルコール化合物(1)1モルに対して、1.0モル以上10モル以下が好ましく、1.2モル以上がより好ましく、1.5モル以上がさらに好ましく、また8モル以下がより好ましく、5モル以下がさらに好ましい。すなわち、ジフェニルホスホリルアジドの使用量はアルコール化合物(1)1モルに対して、1.0モル~10モルが好ましく、1.2モル~8モルがより好ましく、1.5モル~5モルがさらに好ましい。ジフェニルホスホリルアジドの使用量をアルコール化合物(1)1モルに対して前記範囲内とすることにより、目的化合物であるアジド化合物(2)を高いジアステレオ選択性で、また好ましくは収率良く、より安全に得ることができる。
アジド化反応1において使用するホスフィン化合物は、アゾ化合物と共に作用してアルコール化合物(1)を活性化すると思われる。このホスフィン化合物は特に限定されず、例えば、3級ホスフィンが好ましい。3級ホスフィンとしては、具体的には、トリエチルホスフィン、トリプロピルホスフィン、トリブチルホスフィン、トリ(t-ブチル)ホスフィン、トリシクロヘキシルホスフィン、トリフェニルホスフィン、トリベンジルホスフィン、トリ(o-トリル)ホスフィン、トリ(m-トリル)ホスフィン、トリ(p-トリル)ホスフィン、エチレンビス(ジフェニルホスフィン)、トリメチレンビス(ジフェニルホスフィン)、1,1’-フェロセンビス(ジフェニルホスフィン)、(±)-2,2’-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)-1,1’-ビナフチル等が挙げられ、トリフェニルホスフィン、トリベンジルホスフィン、トリトリルホスフィン等のトリアリールホスフィンが好ましく、トリフェニルホスフィンがより好ましい。ホスフィン化合物としては、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
アジド化反応1において使用するアゾ化合物は特に限定されず、例えば、アゾジカルボン酸ジエチル(DEAD)、アゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル(DIAD)、及びアゾジカルボン酸ジ-2-メトキシエチル(DMEAD)等のアゾジカルボキシレート;N,N,N’,N’-テトライソプロピルアゾジカルボキサミド(TIPA)、1,1’-(アゾジカルボニル)ジピペリジン(ADDP)、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルアゾジカルボキサミド(TMAD)、及び1,6-ジメチル-1,5,7-ヘキサヒドロ-1,4,6,7-テトラゾシン-2,5-ジオン(DHTD)等のアゾジカルボサミドが挙げられ、アゾジカルボキシレートが好ましく、DEAD、DIAD、DMEADがより好ましい。アゾ化合物としては、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
アジド化反応1においては、溶媒を使用してもよい。該溶媒としては、反応を阻害しないものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、ジプロピルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、ブチルビニルエーテル、エチルプロピルエーテル、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、アニソール、2-メチルアニソール、4-メチルアニソール、2,3-ジメチルアニソール、2,6-ジメチルアニソール、クロロアニソール、アネトール、フェネトール、4-メチルフェネトール、n-ブチルフェニルエーテル、ペンチルフェニルエーテル、ベンジルエチルエーテル、ジフェニルエーテル、ジベンジルエーテル、ベラトロール、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、1,1-ジエトキシエタン、1,2-ジエトキシエタン、1,2-ジブトキシエタン、ジメチルアセタール、t-ブチルメチルエーテル、t-ブチルエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、2,3-ジヒドロフラン、2,5-ジヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、3-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、2,3-ジヒドロベンゾフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、4-メチルテトラヒドロピラン、シネオール、1,3-ジオキソラン、1,3-ジオキサン、1,4-ジオキサン、4-メチル-1,3-ジオキサン、4-フェニル-1,3-ジオキサン等のエーテル系溶媒;酢酸エチル、酢酸イソプロピル等のエステル系溶媒;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、ヘキサン等の炭化水素系溶媒;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン系溶媒;アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等のニトリル系溶媒;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド等のスルホキシド系溶媒;ジメチルプロピレンウレア等のウレア系溶媒;ヘキサメチルホスホスホン酸トリアミド等のホスホン酸トリアミド系溶媒;等が挙げられ、これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
εr=ε1/ε0
(式中、ε0は真空中における絶対誘電率、ε1は溶媒中における絶対誘電率を表す。)
アルコール化合物(1)、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、ホスフィン化合物、アゾ化合物、及び必要に応じて用いる溶媒の添加方法や添加順は特に限定されない。例えば、反応容器にアルコール化合物(1)、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、ホスフィン化合物、アゾ化合物、及び溶媒を全て同時に添加してもよく、順次添加してもよく、アルコール化合物(1)、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、ホスフィン化合物、アゾ化合物、及び溶媒からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも2種を先に混合してから残りの成分を添加してもよい。またアルコール化合物(1)、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、ホスフィン化合物、アゾ化合物、及び溶媒は、それぞれ、一括で添加してもよく、分割して(例えば、2~10回に分割)添加してもよい。
アルコール化合物(1)のアジド化は、例えば、アルコール化合物(1)に、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、及び3級アミンを作用させることによるアジド化(以下、アジド化反応2とも称する)であってもよい。3級アミン存在下でアルコール化合物(1)にジフェニルホスホリルアジドを作用させ(該工程をアジド化反応2-1とも称する)、さらに塩基を添加して加熱する(該工程をアジド化反応2-2とも称する)ことにより所望のアジド化合物(2)が得られる。
アジド化反応2-1においてアジド基源となるジフェニルホスホリルアジドの使用量としては、アルコール化合物(1)1モルに対して、1.0モル以上10モル以下が好ましく、1.1モル以上がより好ましく、1.2モル以上がさらに好ましく、また8モル以下がより好ましく、5モル以下がさらに好ましい。すなわち、ジフェニルホスホリルアジドの使用量はアルコール化合物(1)1モルに対して、1.0モル~10モルが好ましく、1.1モル~8モルがより好ましく、1.2モル~5モルがさらに好ましい。
アジド化反応2-1において使用する3級アミンとしては、例えば、1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデカ-7-エン、1,5-ジアザビシクロ[4,3,0]ノネン-5、トリエチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルグアニジン、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン、トリエチレンジアミン、ベンジルジメチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、ジメチルアミノエタノール、トリス(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノール等が挙げられ、1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデカ-7-エン、トリエチレンジアミン、ベンジルジメチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、ジメチルアミノエタノール、トリス(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノールが好ましく、1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデカ-7-エンが特に好ましい。
アジド化反応2-1においては、溶媒を使用してもよい。該溶媒としては、反応を阻害しないものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、アジド化反応1において使用可能な溶媒として例示した溶媒が挙げられる。溶媒としては、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
アジド化反応2-1における、アルコール化合物(1)、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、3級アミン、及び必要に応じて用いる溶媒の添加方法や添加順は特に限定されない。
アルコール化合物(1)とジフェニルホスホリルアジドとの反応溶液に塩基を添加して、前記反応(アジド化反応2-1)により形成されたリン酸エステル基をアジド基に置換する(アジド化反応2-2)。前記塩基としては、有機塩基であっても無機塩基であってもよいが、無機塩基が好ましく、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属水酸化物;水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属水酸化物;炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム等のアルカリ金属炭酸塩;炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム等のアルカリ金属炭酸水素塩;水素化ナトリウム、水素化カリウム、水素化カルシウム等の金属水素化物;等が挙げられ、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩が好ましく、アルカリ金属炭酸塩がより好ましい。
アジド化反応2-2において、塩基添加後の加熱処理温度としては、例えば、50℃~150℃が好ましく、70℃~130℃がより好ましく、80℃~120℃がさらに好ましい。また、加熱処理時間としては、例えば、1時間~72時間が好ましく、5時間~36時間がより好ましい。
アルコール化合物(1)のアジド化は、例えば、アルコール化合物(1)に、スルホニル化剤及び塩基を作用させることにより下記式(5)で表されるスルホネート化合物(以下、スルホネート化合物(5)とも称する)を得て(該工程をアジド化反応3-1とも称する)、該スルホネート化合物(5)に、金属アジドを作用させる(該工程をアジド化反応3-2とも称する)ことによるアジド化であってもよい。
アジド化反応3-1において使用するスルホニル化剤としては、R2SO2X、(R2SO2)2O等が挙げられる(式中、R2は前記と同じであり、Xは塩素原子等のハロゲン原子を表し、塩素原子が好ましい)。R2SO2Xとしては、具体的には、メタンスルホニルクロリド(メシルクロリドとも称する)、p-トルエンスルホニルクロリド、クロロメタンスルホニルクロリド等が挙げられ、(R2SO2)2Oとしては、具体的には、メタンスルホン酸無水物、p-トルエンスルホン酸無水物、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物等が挙げられる。スルホニル化剤としては、メタンスルホニルクロリド、p-トルエンスルホニルクロリドが好ましく、メタンスルホニルクロリドがより好ましい。
アジド化反応3-1において使用する塩基としては、有機塩基であっても無機塩基であってもよく、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属水酸化物;水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属水酸化物;炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム等のアルカリ金属炭酸塩;炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム等のアルカリ金属炭酸水素塩;リチウムメトキシド、リチウムエトキシド、リチウムイソプロポキシド、リチウムtert-ブトキシド、ナトリウムメトキシド、ナトリウムエトキシド、ナトリウムイソプロポキシド、ナトリウムtert-ブトキシド、カリウムメトキシド、カリウムエトキシド、カリウムイソプロポキシド、カリウムt-ブトキシド等の金属アルコキシド;水素化ナトリウム、水素化カリウム、水素化カルシウム等の金属水素化物;n-ブチルリチウム、メチルリチウム、リチウムジイソプロピルアミド等のアルキルリチウム試薬;トリエチルアミン、N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン等の3級アミン;1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデカ-7-エン、1,5-ジアザビシクロ[4.3.0]ノネン-5-エン、N-メチルピロリジン、N-メチルモルホリン等の複素環化合物;等が挙げられる。塩基としては、有機塩基が好ましく、3級アミンがより好ましく、トリエチルアミンが特に好ましい。
アルコール化合物(1)、スルホニル化剤、及び塩基との反応(アジド化反応3-1)においては、溶媒を使用してもよい。該溶媒としては、反応を阻害しないものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、アジド化反応1において使用可能な溶媒として例示した溶媒;及びジクロロメタン(塩化メチレンとも称する)、クロロホルム、クロロベンゼン等のハロゲン系溶媒;等が挙げられる。溶媒としては、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
アジド化反応3-1における、アルコール化合物(1)、スルホニル化剤、塩基、及び必要に応じて用いる溶媒の添加方法や添加順は特に限定されない。
アルコール化合物(1)に、前記スルホニル化剤及び塩基を作用させるアジド化反応3-1により、スルホネート化合物(5)が得られる。
アジド化反応3-2において使用する金属アジドとしては、例えば、アジ化リチウム、アジ化ナトリウム、アジ化カリウム等のアルカリ金属アジド;アジ化マグネシウム、アジ化カルシウム、アシ化ストロンチウム等のアルカリ土類金属アジド;アジ化鉛、アジ化鉄、アジ化銅、アジ化亜鉛等が挙げられ、アルカリ金属アジドが好ましく、アジ化ナトリウムが特に好ましい。
アジド化反応3-2においては、必要に応じて金属アジドとともに、相間移動触媒を使用してもよい。前記相関移動触媒としては、例えば、テトラメチルアンモニウムクロリド、テトラエチルアンモニウムクロリド、テトラブチルアンモニウムブロミド、テトラブチルアンモニウムクロリド、テトラブチルアンモニウムヨージド、テトラブチルアンモニウムサルフェート、トリオクチルメチルアンモニウムクロリド等の4級アンモニウム塩;テトラブチルホスホニウムクロリド等の4級ホスホニウム塩;ドデシルピリジニウムクロリド等のピリジニウム化合物;クラウンエーテル類;等が挙げられる。相関移動触媒としては、4級アンモニウム塩、ピリジニウム化合物が好ましく、テトラブチルアンモニウムクロリド、ドデシルピリジニウムクロリドがより好ましく、ドデシルピリジニウムクロリドがさらに好ましい。
スルホネート化合物(5)、及び金属アジドとの反応(アジド化反応3-2)においては、溶媒を使用してもよい。該溶媒としては、反応を阻害しないものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、アジド化反応1において使用可能な溶媒として例示した溶媒が挙げられる。溶媒としては、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
アジド化反応3-2における、スルホネート化合物(5)、金属アジド、並びに必要に応じて用いる相関移動触媒、及び溶媒の添加方法や添加順は特に限定されない。
アジド化に供するアルコール化合物(1)は、例えば、下記式(11)で表されるアミノアルコール化合物(以下、アミノアルコール化合物(11)とも称する)又はその塩に、5-メチル-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロチアゾロ[5,4-c]ピリジン-2-カルボン酸又はその塩を脱水縮合させて製造してもよい。
アルコール化合物(1)をアジド化して得られたアジド化合物(2)のアジド基を、還元することにより、下記式(3)で表されるアミン化合物(以下、アミン化合物(3)とも称する)又はその塩を製造してもよい。
還元反応1は、アジド化合物(2)が有するアジド基に、遷移金属触媒及び水素源を作用させることにより、水素化分解を行い還元する反応である。
還元反応2は、アジド化合物(2)が有するアジド基に、ホスフィン及び水を作用させる方法である。より詳しくは、アジド化合物(2)にまずホスフィンを作用させ窒素-リン二重結合を有するイミノホスホランを形成し、該イミノホスホランに水を作用させて加水分解することにより前記アジド基を還元する。
還元反応3は、アジド化合物(2)が有するアジド基に、水素供与体である金属水素化物を作用させることにより、ヒドリド還元する反応である。
アミン化合物(3)又はその塩に、2-[(5-クロロピリジン-2-イル)アミノ]-2-オキソ酢酸アルキル又はその塩を作用させること(以下、縮合反応Aとも称する)により、下記式(4)で表されるN-(5-クロロピリジン-2-イル)-N’-((1S,2R,4S)-4-(ジメチルカルバモイル)-2-((5-メチル-4,5,6,7-テトラヒドロチアゾール[5,4-c]ピリジン-2-カルボニル)アミノ)シクロヘキシル)オキサミド、その塩、又はこれらの溶媒和物(エドキサバン)を製造してもよい。以下、式(4)で表される化合物を化合物(4)とも称する。
カラム:COSMOSIL 5C18-AR-II(4.6×250mm)(ナカライテスク(株)製)
カラム温度:40℃
検出波長:210nm
移動相A:アセトニトリル
移動相B:0.1wt%リン酸水溶液
グラジエント条件:
時間(分) 移動相A(%) 移動相B(%)
0 5 95
32.5 80 20
39.49 80 20
39.5 5 95
44.5 5 95
流速:0.8ml/min
注入量:10μl
保持時間:アルコール化合物(1);8.2分、アジド化合物(2);12.7分、アジド化合物(2)のジアステレオマー(トランス体);13.5分、アジド化合物(2A);20.0分、アジド化合物(2A)のジアステレオマー(トランス体);20.7分、アミン化合物(2B);6.3分、アミン化合物(2B)のジアステレオマー(トランス体);7.1分、スルホネート化合物(5-1);10.5分、CPOE;27.2分、化合物(4);18.3分
収率(モル%)=(生成物の物質量)/(供給原料の物質量)×100
ジアステレオ選択比(シス体:トランス体)=1:(目的化合物のジアステレオマーの質量/目的化合物の質量)
式(11-1)で表されるアミノアルコール化合物の溶媒として、ジクロロメタンの代わりに水を用いて、40℃に昇温し2時間撹拌の代わりに室温で19時間撹拌とし、上記実施例2-1と同様の反応を行ったところ、純度94.4area%、収率44.2%で目的化合物を得た。
メチルtert-ブチルエーテルをシクロペンチルメチルエーテル(比誘電率(25℃):4.76)に変更する以外は、上記実施例3-1と同様にして、アジド化合物(2)を製造したところ、アジド化合物(2)の収率は91.3%、ジアステレオ選択比は1:0.04であった。
メチルtert-ブチルエーテルをアニソール(比誘電率(25℃):4.33)に変更する以外は、上記実施例3-1と同様にして、アジド化合物(2)を製造したところ、アジド化合物(2)の収率は88.8%、ジアステレオ選択比は1:0.02であった。
メチルtert-ブチルエーテルをトルエン(比誘電率(25℃):2.38)に変更する以外は、上記実施例3-1と同様にして、アジド化合物(2)を製造したところ、アジド化合物(2)の収率は91.6%、ジアステレオ選択比は1:0.02であった。
式(11-2)で表されるアミノアルコール化合物(20.00g、69.84mmol)の4-メチル-2-ペンタノン(550mL)溶液に、メタンスルホニルクロライド(12.79g、111.7mmol)を室温にて加えた。室温下、反応液にトリエチルアミン(13.43g、132.7mmol)を加え、そのままの温度にて2時間撹拌した。反応液にメタノール(86mL)と水(126mL)を加えて15分間撹拌した後、有機層を分取した。有機層を5%重曹水溶液(100mL)で洗浄した後に、溶媒を減圧濃縮した。得られたスラリー溶液を0℃で3時間熟成後、ろ過を行うことでメシルオキシ体を得た(21.06g、収率91.5%)。得られたメシルオキシ体(5.000g、13.72mmol)のトルエン(25mL)溶液に室温にて、アジ化ナトリウム(1.784g、27.44mmol)及びドデシルピリジウムクロリド(1.947g、6.860mmol)を加えた。70℃にて27時間撹拌後に、反応液についてHPLCで分析を行ったところ、アジド化合物(2A)の収率は66%、ジアステレオ選択比は1:0.18であった。
トルエン(2.9mL)に式(11-2)で表されるアミノアルコール化合物(500.0mg、1.746mmol)、1,8-ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデカ-7-エン(350.2mg、2.300mmol)、及びジフェニルホスホリルアジド(624.7mg、2.270mmol)を添加し、50℃に昇温した。4時間後に、無水炭酸カリウム(417.4mg、3.020mmol)を添加し、100℃にて18時間撹拌後に、反応液についてHPLCで分析を行ったところ、アジド化合物(2A)の収率は38%、ジアステレオ選択比は1:0.48であった。
Claims (9)
- 前記アジド化が、前記式(1)で表されるアルコール化合物に、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、ホスフィン化合物、及びアゾ化合物を作用させることによるアジド化であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記アジド化が、前記式(1)で表されるアルコール化合物に、ジフェニルホスホリルアジド、及び3級アミンを作用させることによるアジド化であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記式(11)中のR1が水素原子であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 前記還元が、前記式(2)で表されるアジド化合物に、ホスフィン及び水を作用させることによる還元であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
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- 2024-02-15 WO PCT/JP2024/005205 patent/WO2024185438A1/ja active Pending
- 2024-02-15 JP JP2025505177A patent/JPWO2024185438A1/ja active Pending
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| WO2007032498A1 (ja) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-03-22 | Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited | 光学活性なジアミン誘導体およびその製造方法 |
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| CN111606827A (zh) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-01 | 内蒙古京东药业有限公司 | 一种制备依度沙班手性胺中间体的方法 |
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| CN115724792A (zh) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-03 | 上海柏狮生物科技有限公司 | 一种依度沙班关键中间体及其合成方法 |
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| OCHIAI HIDENORI, KUBOTA SHUNICHI, SASAGAWA MIWA, MIHARA TAIKI, YAMASHITA ATSUHIRO, NAKAMATA TOMOHIDE, NISHIYAMA AKIRA: "Stereoinvertive Deoxyamination of trans -2-Aminocyclohexanol Using Bose–Mitsunobu Azidation and Staudinger Reaction for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Edoxaban", ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, US, vol. 27, no. 8, 18 August 2023 (2023-08-18), US , pages 1517 - 1532, XP093147057, ISSN: 1083-6160, DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00189 * |
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| CN120752242A (zh) | 2025-10-03 |
| JPWO2024185438A1 (ja) | 2024-09-12 |
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