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WO2024181219A1 - Procédé d'amélioration de l'état de santé de personnes âgées - Google Patents

Procédé d'amélioration de l'état de santé de personnes âgées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024181219A1
WO2024181219A1 PCT/JP2024/005907 JP2024005907W WO2024181219A1 WO 2024181219 A1 WO2024181219 A1 WO 2024181219A1 JP 2024005907 W JP2024005907 W JP 2024005907W WO 2024181219 A1 WO2024181219 A1 WO 2024181219A1
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intake
amount
daily
day
vitamin
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Japanese (ja)
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徳隆 安藤
拓男 中世古
行央 平野
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Nissin Foods Holdings Co Ltd
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Nissin Foods Holdings Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the health of seniors by consuming a nutrient-adjusted diet.
  • the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese calculates the estimated energy requirement (kcal/day) for each age, sex, and physical activity level (low (I), normal (II), high (III)) category, and specifies the target amounts (the percentage of total energy intake that each nutrient should account for) of the three major nutrients, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates, based on the estimated energy requirement. It also specifies the recommended amount, approximate amount, tolerable upper limit, or target amount, or a combination of these, for fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin D, water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin, and minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and manganese.
  • fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin D
  • water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin
  • minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and manganese.
  • the recommended amount, approximate amount, tolerable upper limit, target amount, and other standard values for each nutrient listed in the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" are set for each gender, age, and physical activity level category.
  • Trial and error is required to perform nutritional calculations so that all nutrients meet the standard values, and nutritional calculations are often performed so that only the three major nutrients and salt equivalents, or in addition to these, major vitamins and major minerals, meet the standard values.
  • nutritional calculations are often performed so that the subject's average nutritional intake over a specified period, such as one week, meets the standard values.
  • Patent Document 1 describes an invention relating to an orally ingested nutritionally adjusted food product that contains, in terms of energy ratio, at least 2-75% carbohydrates, 10% or more protein, and 15-70% lipids, and is designed so that when the estimated energy requirement indicated in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan is ingested, the intake of vitamins and minerals indicated in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan is greater than the required amount and less than the upper limit amount.
  • JP 2019-140952 A discloses an invention relating to a method for ingesting a nutrient-adjusted diet for the purpose of improving such health conditions.
  • various methods other than those described in Patent Document 1 are also envisioned.
  • the inventors therefore set out to newly examine methods for ingesting nutrient-adjusted meals, particularly for the senior generation, and to consider not only the contents of the meals to be ingested, but also the time and timing of ingestion. Furthermore, they aimed to examine the effects of actually ingesting the adjusted meals, with the aim of improving health conditions.
  • the inventors discovered that the health of seniors can be improved by continuously ingesting a diet containing 14-20% or 15-20% protein, 20-30% fat, and 50-65% carbohydrate in terms of energy ratio, with the nutrients of protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals adjusted to predetermined amounts, at least at one or more meals selected from breakfast, lunch, and dinner each day, and thus completed the present invention.
  • the first invention of the present application is "A method for improving health by continuously ingesting a diet containing 14-20% or 15-20% protein, 20-30% fat, and 50-65% carbohydrates in terms of energy ratio, with the nutrients of protein, fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals adjusted to within prescribed ranges, at least at one or more of the three meals a day (breakfast, lunch, and dinner)."
  • the health condition is judged by one or more health indicators selected from the group consisting of cognitive function tests, walking function, five-times chair stand test, total antioxidant capacity, sirtuin gene expression level, mental health condition, and intestinal flora. That is, the second invention of the present application is "The method for improving the health condition of seniors described in claim 1, wherein the health condition is determined by one or more health indicators selected from the group consisting of cognitive function tests, walking function, five-times chair stand test, total antioxidant capacity, sirtuin gene expression level, mental health condition and intestinal flora.”
  • the vitamins include at least vitamin A, and the minerals include at least calcium. That is, the third invention of the present application is "A method for improving the health condition of seniors as described in claim 2, wherein the vitamins include at least vitamin A and the minerals include at least calcium.”
  • the vitamins include at least vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2, and the minerals include at least calcium, magnesium, and zinc. That is, the fourth invention of the present application is "A method for improving the health condition of seniors as described in claim 2, wherein the vitamins include at least vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2, and the minerals include at least calcium, magnesium and zinc.”
  • the lipid contains a predetermined amount or less of saturated fatty acids and a predetermined amount or more of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids. That is, the fifth invention of the present application is "A method for improving the health condition of seniors as described in claim 2, wherein the lipids contain a predetermined amount of saturated fatty acids or less, and a predetermined amount of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids or more.”
  • the sixth invention of the present application is "A method for improving the health condition of seniors as described in claim 2, wherein the vitamins contain at least vitamin D and vitamin B6 in specified amounts or more, and the lipids contain n-3 fatty acids in specified amounts or more.”
  • the period of continuous intake of the diet is at least 3 weeks or more.
  • the eighth invention of the present application is "A nutrient-adjusted diet to be ingested in the method for improving the health condition of seniors described in any one of claims 1 to 7.”
  • the health condition of seniors can be improved by continuously ingesting a nutrient-adjusted diet.
  • the health condition can be improved as determined by one or more health indicators selected from the group consisting of cognitive function tests, walking function, five-times chair stand test, total antioxidant capacity, sirtuin gene expression level, mental health condition, and intestinal flora.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of the test diet group and the control group for MPI score (cognitive function index) in an example of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of the test diet group and the control group with respect to walking function in an example of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of a test meal group and a control group for a five-times chair-stand test in an example of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of the test diet group and the control group with respect to total antioxidant capacity in an example of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 shows the results of the test diet group and the control group with respect to the expression level of the sirtuin gene in the examples of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of the test diet group and the control group for MPI score (cognitive function index) in an example of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of the test diet group and the control group with respect to walking function in an example of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of a test meal group and
  • FIG. 1 shows the content of the WHO-5 questions for assessing mental health status.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of the test diet group and the control group regarding mental health conditions in an example of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of the test diet group and the control group with respect to the intestinal flora in an example of the present application.
  • the term "senior” refers to men and women aged 50 or over, 60 or over, or 65 or over.
  • the nutrient-adjusted diet described below is consumed at least in one or more of breakfast, lunch, and dinner per day. It is also preferable to consume at least two or more of breakfast, lunch, and dinner per day. In this case, specifically, any combination of breakfast and lunch, breakfast and dinner, or lunch and dinner is possible. It is even more preferable to consume the nutrient-adjusted diet in all of breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
  • the total amount of energy intake for breakfast, lunch, and dinner per day is not particularly limited, but preferably follows the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (December 24, 2019).
  • the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan revises the standards for the amount of energy and nutrients that are desirable to consume in order to maintain and improve the health of the nation's citizens every five years, and published the Report of the Committee to Draft the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2020 Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese”) on December 24, 2019.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese” discloses estimated energy requirements (kcal/day) for each age, sex, and physical activity level (low (I), normal (II), high (III)), and it is preferable to follow these set energy requirements.
  • the amount of energy can be set in various ways depending on the subject's gender, age group, etc.
  • the number of calories consumed in a day for meals containing the modified diet accounts for a large proportion of the total number of calories consumed in a day. It is preferable that the total number of calories consumed in a day is designed in advance. Furthermore, when a modified meal described below is eaten for one meal in a day, there is no particular restriction on the contents of the remaining two meals. In addition, if the adjusted meal described below is eaten for two meals a day, there are no particular restrictions on the content of the remaining meal, so long as the adjusted meal described below is eaten for two meals a day. However, it is preferable that the content of meals other than the adjusted diet be meals that take into consideration the nutritional balance similar to that of the adjusted diet.
  • the nutrient-adjusted diet of the present invention is a nutrient-adjusted diet containing, in terms of energy ratio, 14-20% or 15-20% protein, 20-30% lipids, and 50-65% carbohydrates, i.e., an adjusted diet with PFC balance.
  • This protein, lipid and carbohydrate intake balance is described as the energy-producing nutrient balance in the 2020 edition of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese.
  • the protein amount in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking into consideration the above-mentioned PFC balance, and it is preferable to set upper and lower daily protein intake limits as shown below, and to ensure that the amount of energy ingested in the formulated diet to be eaten at said upper and lower intake limits falls within a numerical range obtained by multiplying the amount by a standard energy amount (the minimum estimated energy requirement for each sex and physical activity level category for people aged 50 or over) (energy intake rate in the formulated diet).
  • a standard energy amount the minimum estimated energy requirement for each sex and physical activity level category for people aged 50 or over
  • the upper limit of daily protein intake is calculated using the target upper limit of protein for the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement (women, 75 years or older, physical activity level I (low)) among each of the different categories of gender, age, and physical activity level for people aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of daily protein intake is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended amount of protein as 65 g/day for men aged 50 to 64, 60 g/day for those aged 65 and over, and 50 g/day for women aged 50 and over. Therefore, in order to allow users of different genders and ages aged 50 and over to consume sufficient protein, the maximum recommended amount for each category of over 50 years old can be set as the lower limit of daily protein intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily protein intake is 65 g/day.
  • the protein amount in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the energy intake rate in the formulated diet by the upper and lower daily protein intake limits thus set.
  • the lipid amount in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking into consideration the above-mentioned PFC balance, and it is preferable to set upper and lower intake limits for the daily lipid amount as described below, so that the lipid amount falls within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the daily upper limit of daily lipid intake can be determined by calculating the value using the target upper limit of lipid intake for the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement (women, 75 years or older, physical activity level I (low)) among the different categories of gender, age, and physical activity level for people aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of daily lipid intake can be determined by calculating the value using the lower limit of the target amount of lipids for the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement (women, 75 years or older, physical activity level I (low)) among the different categories of gender, age, and physical activity level for people aged 50 years or older.
  • the amount of lipids in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily lipid intake upper and lower limits thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of saturated fatty acids in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper limit of saturated fatty acid intake thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids in the lipids should be designed to ensure that appropriate amounts are ingested. It is preferable to set a lower limit for daily intake of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids as shown below, and to ensure that the lower limit is within the range of values obtained by multiplying the energy intake rate in the formulated diet by the intake lower limit.
  • n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids are set as follows: for n-3 fatty acids, 2.2 g/day for men aged 50-74 years and 2.1 g/day for those aged 75 years and older; for women, 1.9 g/day for those aged 50-64 years, 2.0 g/day for those aged 65-74 years, and 1.8 g/day for those aged 75 years and older; and for n-6 fatty acids, 10 g/day for men aged 50-64 years, 9 g/day for those aged 65-74 years, and 8 g/day for those aged 75 years and older; and for women aged 50-74 years and 7 g/day for those aged 75 years and older.
  • the maximum guideline amounts for each category of 50 years or older can be set as the lower limit of daily intake of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids.
  • the lower limit of daily intake of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids is 2.2 g/day and 10 g/day, respectively.
  • n-3 fatty acids it is considered preferable to ensure that senior citizens do not become deficient in n-3 fatty acids, and the lower limit of daily n-3 fatty acid intake may be increased beyond 2.2 g/day.
  • the amount of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily intake of n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the carbohydrate and dietary fiber amounts in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking into consideration the above-mentioned PFC balance, and it is preferable to set upper and lower daily carbohydrate intake limits and a lower daily dietary fiber intake limit as described below, so that the amounts are within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the upper limit of daily carbohydrate intake is calculated using the target upper limit of carbohydrate intake for the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement (women, age 75 years or older, physical activity level I (low)) among the different categories of gender, age, and physical activity level.
  • the lower limit of daily carbohydrate intake can be determined by calculating the value using the lower limit of the target amount of carbohydrates for the category with the lowest estimated energy requirement (women, 75 years or older, physical activity level I (low)) among the different categories of gender, age, and physical activity level for people aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of the daily dietary fiber intake is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the target amount of dietary fiber for men aged 50-64 at least 21 g/day and for those aged 65 and over at least 20 g/day, and for women aged 50-64 at least 18 g/day and for those aged 65 and over at least 17 g/day. Therefore, in order to ensure that users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older can ingest sufficient dietary fiber, the maximum target amount for each category of age 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily dietary fiber intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily dietary fiber intake is 21 g/day.
  • the carbohydrate and dietary fiber amounts in the formulated diet can be set to fall within a range of values obtained by multiplying the thus-set daily upper and lower carbohydrate intake limits, and the daily lower dietary fiber intake limit, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • vitamin A vitamins and minerals whose intakes of nutrients, etc., in the National Health and Nutrition Survey for people 50 years of age or older are 20% or more short of the dietary intake standard.
  • vitamins and minerals “vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2" and “calcium, magnesium, and zinc,” which are vitamins and minerals whose intakes of nutrients, etc., are insufficient compared to the dietary intake standards in people aged 50 or older in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, are included as targets for adjustment. Most preferably, all of the following vitamins and minerals are included as adjustment targets.
  • the salt equivalent amount in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking into consideration not to take in too much, and it is preferable to set an upper limit for the daily salt equivalent intake as shown below, so that the amount falls within the range obtained by multiplying the upper limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the upper limit of daily salt intake equivalent as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese” sets the dietary reference intake (target amount) for salt equivalent at less than 7.5 g/day for men aged 50 or older and less than 6.5 g/day for women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over in different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level do not exceed the above-mentioned target amount, the normalized salt equivalent is calculated for each category using the formula below, and the smallest normalized salt equivalent among these can be set as the upper limit for salt equivalent intake in the adjusted diet.
  • Normalized salt equivalent target amount of salt equivalent ⁇ (standard energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily salt intake is calculated by calculating the normalized salt equivalent for each category for those aged 50 and over.
  • the salt equivalent amount in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily salt equivalent intake upper limit thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of salt affects the taste of the meal, it is possible to flexibly consider the upper limit of the amount of salt intake in a formula diet.
  • the Smart Meal Standards which are reviewed and certified by a consortium including the Japanese Society of Nutrition and Dietetics, the Japanese Society of School Food Management, and the Japanese Society of Hypertension, set the salt equivalent per meal at less than 3.0g for "proper (450-650 kcal)" and less than 3.5g for "solid (650-850 kcal)," and these standards may be followed.
  • other original standards may be set. For example, if the calorie content is less than 450 kcal, the salt equivalent may be less than 2.5 g.
  • the salt equivalent may be less than 4.0 g.
  • standards other than the above-mentioned setting method may be followed, or standards may be set that allow food to be eaten deliciously and that allows salt reduction without difficulty. In this way, it is possible to set an upper limit for the intake of salt equivalent in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of calcium in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower daily calcium intake limits as shown below, and to ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the upper limit of daily calcium intake is calculated as follows.
  • the tolerable upper limit of calcium is set at 2,500 mg/day for both men and women aged 50 years or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, divided into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized calcium amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized calcium amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for calcium intake.
  • Normalized calcium amount tolerable upper limit of calcium ⁇ (standard energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily calcium intake is calculated by calculating the normalized calcium amount for each category for those aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of daily calcium intake is 750 mg/day.
  • the amount of calcium in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower calcium intake limits thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of iron in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower daily iron intake limits as shown below, and to ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the upper limit of daily iron intake is calculated as follows.
  • the tolerable upper limit of iron is set at 50 mg/day for men aged 50 years or older and 40 mg/day for women aged 50 years or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, divided into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized iron amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized iron amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for iron intake.
  • Normalized iron content tolerable upper limit of iron x (reference energy content / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily iron intake is calculated by calculating the normalized iron amount for each category for those aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of daily iron intake is 7.5 mg/day.
  • the amount of iron in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower iron intake limits thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of phosphorus in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set upper and lower daily phosphorus intake limits as follows, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the upper limit of daily phosphorus intake is calculated as follows.
  • the tolerable upper limit of phosphorus is set at 3,000 mg/day for both men and women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over in different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized phosphorus amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized phosphorus amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for phosphorus intake.
  • Normalized phosphorus amount tolerable upper limit of phosphorus ⁇ (standard energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the lower limit of the daily phosphorus intake is set as follows.
  • the recommended dietary intake amount for phosphorus is set at 1,000 mg/day for men aged 50 or older and 800 mg/day for women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to allow users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older to ingest sufficient phosphorus, the maximum value of the guideline amount for each category of age 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily phosphorus intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily phosphorus intake is 1000 mg/day.
  • the amount of phosphorus in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the energy intake rate in the formulated diet by the upper and lower daily phosphorus intake limits thus set.
  • the amount of magnesium in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set a lower limit for daily magnesium intake as shown below, and ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the lower limit of daily magnesium intake is set as follows.
  • the recommended dietary intake amount for magnesium is set at 370 mg/day for men aged 50-64, 350 mg/day for men aged 65-74, and 320 mg/day for those aged 75 and over, and 290 mg/day for women aged 50-64, 280 mg/day for men aged 65-74, and 260 mg/day for those aged 75 and over. Therefore, in order to ensure that users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older can ingest sufficient magnesium, the maximum recommended amount for each category of age 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily magnesium intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily magnesium intake is 370 mg/day.
  • the amount of magnesium in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily lower limit of magnesium intake thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of potassium in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily potassium intake as shown below, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the lower limit of the daily potassium intake as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese” sets the recommended dietary intake amount for potassium at 2,500 mg/day for men aged 50 or older and 2,000 mg/day for women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to allow users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older to ingest sufficient potassium, the maximum value of the recommended amount for each category of age 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily potassium intake.
  • the lower limit of daily potassium intake is 2,500 mg/day.
  • the amount of potassium in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily lower limit of potassium intake thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of copper in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower daily copper intake limits as shown below, and to ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the upper limit of daily copper intake is calculated as follows.
  • the tolerable upper limit of copper is set at 7 mg/day for both men and women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, classified into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized copper amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized copper amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for copper intake.
  • Normalized copper amount tolerable upper limit of copper x (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily copper intake is calculated by calculating the normalized copper amount for each category for those aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of daily copper intake is 0.9 mg/day.
  • the amount of copper in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower copper intake limits thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Iodine The amount of iodine in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower intake limits for the daily iodine amount as shown below, and to multiply the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained.
  • the upper limit of daily iodine intake is calculated as follows.
  • the tolerable upper limit of iodine is set at 3,000 ⁇ g/day for both men and women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over in different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized iodine amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the smallest normalized iodine amount among them can be set as the daily iodine intake upper limit.
  • Normalized iodine amount tolerable upper limit of iodine ⁇ (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily iodine intake is calculated based on the normalized iodine amount for each category for those aged 50 and over.
  • the tolerable upper limit of iodine in the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese” is set for habitual intake, and intermittent exceedance of the tolerable upper limit is permitted, and this also applies to this embodiment.
  • the lower limit of the daily iodine intake is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended dietary intake of iodine at 130 ⁇ g/day for both men and women aged 50 or older. Therefore, the above recommended amount can be set as the lower limit of daily iodine intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily iodine intake is 130 ⁇ g/day.
  • the amount of iodine in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower iodine intake limits thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of selenium in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower daily intake limits for the amount of selenium as shown below, and to multiply the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained.
  • the tolerable upper limit of selenium is set at 450 ⁇ g/day for men aged 50 to 74, 400 ⁇ g/day for those aged 75 and over, and 350 ⁇ g/day for women aged 50 and over. Therefore, to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, divided into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized selenium amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized selenium amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for selenium intake.
  • Normalized selenium amount tolerable upper limit of selenium ⁇ (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily selenium intake is calculated by calculating the normalized selenium amount for each category for those aged 50 and over.
  • the lower limit of the daily selenium intake is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended amount of selenium as 30 ⁇ g/day for men aged 50 or older and 25 ⁇ g/day for women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to allow users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older to ingest sufficient selenium, the maximum recommended amount for each age group aged 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily selenium intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily selenium intake is 30 ⁇ g/day.
  • the amount of selenium in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits of selenium thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Zinc The amount of zinc in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower daily intake limits for zinc as follows, and to ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the tolerable upper limit of zinc is set at 45 mg/day for men aged 50-64 and 40 mg/day for those aged 65 and over, 35 mg/day for women aged 50-74 and 30 mg/day for those aged 75 and over. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, divided into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized zinc amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized zinc amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for zinc intake.
  • Normalized zinc amount tolerable upper limit of zinc x (standard energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily zinc intake is calculated based on the normalized zinc amount for each category for those aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of daily zinc intake is set as follows.
  • the recommended dietary intake of zinc is set at 11 mg/day for men aged 50 to 74, 10 mg/day for those aged 75 and over, and 8 mg/day for women aged 50 and over. Therefore, in order to ensure that users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older can ingest sufficient zinc, the maximum recommended amount for each category aged 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily zinc intake.
  • the lower limit of daily zinc intake is 11 mg/day.
  • the amount of zinc in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower zinc intake limits thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Chromium The amount of chromium in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower daily intake limits for chromium as shown below, and to ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the tolerable upper limit of chromium is set at 500 ⁇ g/day for both men and women aged 50 years or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, classified into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the tolerable upper limit, the normalized chromium amount for each category is calculated using the following formula, and the smallest normalized chromium amount among them can be set as the daily upper limit of chromium intake.
  • Normalized chromium amount tolerable upper limit of chromium ⁇ (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily chromium intake is calculated by calculating the normalized chromium amount for each category for those aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of the daily chromium intake is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended dietary intake for chromium at 10 ⁇ g/day for both men and women aged 50 or older. Therefore, the above-mentioned recommended amount can be set as the lower limit of daily chromium intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily chromium intake is 10 ⁇ g/day.
  • the amount of chromium in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits for chromium thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Manganese The amount of manganese in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed with balance in mind. It is preferable to set upper and lower daily intake limits for manganese as follows, and to ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the upper limit of daily manganese intake is calculated as follows.
  • the tolerable upper limit of manganese is set at 11 mg/day for both men and women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, divided into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized manganese amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized manganese amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for manganese intake.
  • Normalized manganese amount tolerable upper limit of manganese ⁇ (standard energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily manganese intake is calculated by calculating the normalized manganese amount for each category for those aged 50 and over.
  • the lower limit of the daily intake of manganese is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended dietary intake amount for manganese at 4.0 mg/day for men aged 50 or older and 3.5 mg/day for women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older can ingest sufficient manganese, the maximum value of the recommended amount for each category of people aged 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily manganese intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily manganese intake is 4.0 mg/day.
  • the amount of manganese in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits of manganese thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Molybdenum The amount of molybdenum in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower daily intake limits for the amount of molybdenum as shown below, and to multiply the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained.
  • the tolerable upper limit of molybdenum is set at 600 ⁇ g/day for men aged 50 years or older and 500 ⁇ g/day for women aged 50 years or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, classified into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized molybdenum amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized molybdenum amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for molybdenum intake.
  • Normalized molybdenum amount tolerable upper limit of molybdenum ⁇ (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily molybdenum intake is calculated by calculating the normalized molybdenum amount for each category for those aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of daily molybdenum intake is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended dietary intake of molybdenum at 30 ⁇ g/day for men aged 50 to 74, 25 ⁇ g/day for those aged 75 and over, and 25 ⁇ g/day for women aged 50 and over. Therefore, in order to allow users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older to ingest sufficient molybdenum, the maximum recommended amount for each category of age 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily molybdenum intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily molybdenum intake is 30 ⁇ g/day.
  • the amount of molybdenum in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits of molybdenum thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin A The amount of vitamin A in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set upper and lower daily intake limits for vitamin A as follows, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the tolerable upper limit of vitamin A is set at 2,700 ⁇ g RAE/day for both men and women aged 50 years or older, expressed as retinol activity equivalent excluding carotenoids. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, divided into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized vitamin A amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized vitamin A amount among these can be set as the upper limit for daily intake of vitamin A (as retinol activity equivalent excluding carotenoids).
  • Normalized vitamin A amount Tolerable upper limit of vitamin A (as retinol activity equivalent excluding carotenoids) ⁇ (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily intake of vitamin A is calculated by calculating the normalized vitamin A amount for each category for those aged 50 years or older.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin A intake is set as follows.
  • the recommended dietary intake of vitamin A expressed as retinol activity equivalent, is set at 900 ⁇ g RAE/day for men aged 50-64, 850 ⁇ g RAE/day for men aged 65-74, and 800 ⁇ g RAE/day for those aged 75 and over, and 700 ⁇ g RAE/day for women aged 50-74 and 650 ⁇ g RAE/day for those aged 75 and over.
  • the maximum recommended amount for each category aged 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily vitamin A intake (as retinol activity equivalents).
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin A intake is 900 ⁇ g RAE/day.
  • the amount of vitamin A in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits of vitamin A thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin D The amount of vitamin D in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set upper and lower daily intake limits for the amount of vitamin D as follows, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the upper limit of daily vitamin D intake is calculated as follows.
  • the tolerable upper limit of vitamin D is set at 100 ⁇ g/day for both men and women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over in different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized vitamin D amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized vitamin D amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for vitamin D intake.
  • Normalized vitamin D amount tolerable upper limit of vitamin D ⁇ (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily vitamin D intake is calculated based on the normalized vitamin D amount for each category for those aged 50 and over.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin D intake is 8.5 ⁇ g/day.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin D intake may be set to more than 8.5 ⁇ g/day.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin D intake may preferably be set to 10 ⁇ g/day.
  • the amount of vitamin D in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits of vitamin D thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin E The amount of vitamin E in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set upper and lower daily intake limits for the amount of vitamin E as follows, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the tolerable upper limit of vitamin E is set at 850 mg/day for men aged 50-74 and 750 mg/day for those aged 75 and over, and 700 mg/day for women aged 50-64 and 650 mg/day for those aged 65 and over. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, divided into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized vitamin E amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized vitamin E amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for vitamin E intake.
  • Normalized vitamin E amount tolerable upper limit of vitamin E ⁇ (standard energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily vitamin E intake is calculated by calculating the normalized vitamin E amount for each category for those aged 50 and over.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin E intake is 7.0 mg/day for men aged 50-74 and 6.5 mg/day for those aged 75 and over, and 6.0 mg/day for women aged 50-64 and 6.5 mg/day for those aged 65 and over. Therefore, in order to allow users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older to ingest sufficient vitamin E, the maximum value of the recommended amount for each category of people aged 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily vitamin E intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily vitamin E intake is 7.0 mg/day.
  • the amount of vitamin E in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits of vitamin E thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin K The amount of vitamin K in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily vitamin K intake as shown below, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin K intake As follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese” sets the recommended daily intake of vitamin K at 150 ⁇ g for both men and women aged 50 or over. Therefore, the above-mentioned guideline amount can be set as the lower limit of daily vitamin K intake.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin K intake is 150 ⁇ g/day.
  • the amount of vitamin K in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily lower limit of vitamin K intake thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin B1 The amount of vitamin B1 in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set a lower limit for the daily intake of vitamin B1 as shown below, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin B1 intake is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended dietary intake amount of vitamin B1 at 1.3 mg/day for men aged 50-74 and 1.2 mg/day for those aged 75 and over, and at 1.1 mg/day for women aged 50-74 and 0.9 mg/day for those aged 75 and over. Therefore, in order to allow users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older to ingest sufficient vitamin B1, the maximum recommended amount for each category of age 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily vitamin B1 intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily vitamin B1 intake is 1.3 mg/day.
  • the amount of vitamin B1 in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily vitamin B1 intake lower limit thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin B2 The amount of vitamin B2 in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set a lower limit for the daily intake of vitamin B2 as follows, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin B2 intake is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese" sets the recommended dietary intake amount of vitamin B2 at 1.5 mg/day for men aged 50-74 and 1.3 mg/day for those aged 75 and over, and 1.2 mg/day for women aged 50-74 and 1.0 mg/day for those aged 75 and over. Therefore, in order to ensure that users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older can ingest sufficient vitamin B2, the maximum recommended amount for each category of people aged 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily vitamin B2 intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily vitamin B2 intake is 1.5 mg/day.
  • the amount of vitamin B2 in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily lower limit of vitamin B2 intake thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Niacin The amount of niacin in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower daily intake limits for the amount of niacin as follows, and to ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the tolerable upper limit of niacin is set at 85 mg/day for men aged 50-64, 80 mg/day for men aged 65-74, and 75 mg/day for those aged 75 and over, and 65 mg/day for women aged 50-74 and 60 mg/day for those aged 75 and over.
  • the normalized nicotinic acid amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized nicotinic acid amount among these can be set as the daily upper limit for niacin (as nicotinic acid) intake.
  • Normalized nicotinic acid amount tolerable upper limit of niacin (as nicotinic acid) ⁇ (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper intake limit for niacin should be considered for fortified nicotinic acid or nicotinamide.
  • the lower limit of the daily niacin intake is set as follows.
  • the recommended dietary intake of niacin in terms of niacin equivalent, is set at 14 mg NE/day for men aged 50-74 and 13 mg NE/day for those aged 75 and over, and 11 mg NE/day for women aged 50-74 and 10 mg NE/day for those aged 75 and over. Therefore, in order to ensure that users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older can ingest sufficient niacin, the maximum recommended amount for each category aged 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of the daily intake of niacin (as niacin equivalent). In this case, the lower limit of daily niacin intake (as niacin equivalent) is 14 mg NE/day.
  • the amount of niacin in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits of niacin thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin B6 The amount of vitamin B6 in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set upper and lower intake limits for the daily amount of vitamin B6 as follows, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the tolerable upper limit of vitamin B6 is set at 55 mg/day for men aged 50-64 and 50 mg/day for those aged 65 and over, and 45 mg/day for women aged 50-64 and 40 mg/day for those aged 65 and over. Therefore, in order to ensure that all users aged 50 or over, divided into different categories based on gender, age, and physical activity level, do not exceed the above-mentioned tolerable upper limit, the normalized amount of vitamin B6 for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized amount of vitamin B6 among these can be set as the daily upper limit of vitamin B6 intake.
  • Normalized vitamin B6 amount tolerable upper limit of vitamin B6 ⁇ (standard energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily vitamin B6 intake is calculated based on the normalized vitamin B6 amount for each category for people aged 50 and over.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin B6 intake is 1.4 mg/day.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin B6 intake may be set at 1.5 mg/day, corrected for protein content.
  • the amount of vitamin B6 in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits of vitamin B6 thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin B12 The amount of vitamin B12 in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set a lower limit for the daily intake of vitamin B12 as shown below, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin B12 intake As follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese” sets the recommended dietary intake of vitamin B12 at 2.4 ⁇ g/day for both men and women aged 50 or older. Therefore, the above recommended amount can be set as the lower limit of daily vitamin B12 intake.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin B12 intake is 2.4 ⁇ g/day.
  • the amount of vitamin B12 in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily vitamin B12 intake lower limit thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Biotin The amount of biotin in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set a lower limit for the daily biotin intake as shown below, and ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the lower limit of the daily biotin intake amount As follows. According to the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese," the recommended dietary intake amount for biotin is set at 50 ⁇ g/day for both men and women aged 50 years or older. Therefore, the above-mentioned guideline amount can be set as the lower limit of the daily intake of biotin. In this case, the lower limit of daily biotin intake is 50 ⁇ g/day.
  • the amount of biotin in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily lower limit of biotin intake thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin C The amount of vitamin C in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration, and it is preferable to set a lower limit for daily vitamin C intake as shown below, so that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the lower limit of daily vitamin C intake is set as follows.
  • the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese” sets the recommended dietary intake of vitamin C at 100 mg/day for both men and women aged 50 and over. Therefore, the above recommended amount can be set as the lower limit of daily vitamin C intake. In this case, the lower limit of daily vitamin C intake is 100 mg/day.
  • the amount of vitamin C in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the daily lower limit of vitamin C intake thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Pantothenic Acid The amount of pantothenic acid in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set a lower limit for the daily intake of pantothenic acid as shown below, and to ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the lower limit of the daily intake of pantothenic acid is set as follows.
  • the recommended dietary intake amount for pantothenic acid is set at 6 mg/day for men aged 50 or older and 5 mg/day for women aged 50 or older. Therefore, in order to allow users of different genders and ages aged 50 or older to ingest sufficient pantothenic acid, the maximum value of the recommended amount for each category of people aged 50 or older can be set as the lower limit of daily intake of pantothenic acid.
  • the lower limit of daily pantothenic acid intake is 6 mg/day.
  • the amount of pantothenic acid in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily lower limit of pantothenic acid intake thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of folic acid in the formulated diet of the present invention should be designed taking balance into consideration. It is preferable to set upper and lower intake limits for the daily amount of folic acid as shown below, and to ensure that the amount falls within the range of values obtained by multiplying the upper and lower intake limits by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the tolerable upper limit of folic acid is set at 1,000 ⁇ g/day for men and women aged 50 to 64 and 900 ⁇ g/day for those aged 65 or older, as non-natural pteroylmonoglutamic acid.
  • the normalized folate amount for each category is calculated using the formula below, and the smallest normalized folate amount among these can be set as the upper limit for daily intake of folate (as unnatural pteroylmonoglutamic acid).
  • Normalized folate amount tolerable upper limit of folate (as unnatural pteroylmonoglutamic acid) ⁇ (reference energy amount / estimated energy requirement for each category)
  • the upper limit of daily folic acid intake should be determined by considering the amount of fortified unnatural pteroylmonoglutamic acid, and it is not necessary to consider the amount of dietary folic acid.
  • the lower limit of daily folic acid intake is 240 ⁇ g/day.
  • the amount of folic acid in the formulated diet can be set to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower intake limits of folic acid thus set by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Nutritionally adjusted diet In order to adjust the above nutrients, the basic menu for breakfast, lunch and dinner is to provide vegetables, grains, meat, fish, etc. and processed products thereof, cooked by baking, boiling, steaming, frying or other methods as necessary, and seasoned with condiments as necessary. In addition to this, it is of course possible to supplement various nutrient deficiencies by using nutritional supplements, food additives, functional ingredients, various salts, etc.
  • Continuous intake refers to the continuous intake of the adjusted diet for a predetermined period of time.
  • continuous can refer to various aspects, for example, daily intake. Another example is intake only on weekdays (excluding Saturdays and Sundays) in a week. Furthermore, it is also possible to take it on two days and not on the first day. In addition, it is also possible to take it every other day.
  • the ratio can be in the range of about 20 to 100%, preferably in the range of about 45 to 100%, and more preferably in the range of about 70 to 100%.
  • the duration in the case of daily intake, it is preferable to continue for 2 to 3 weeks or more, for example, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, or 18 weeks.
  • the supplement is taken continuously only on weekdays (excluding Saturdays and Sundays) it is preferable to continue taking the supplement for three weeks or more.
  • this is possible even if the days on which intake is required are irregular due to the consumer's daily problems, etc., as long as continuous intake can be achieved overall. In other words, it is sufficient that the person is recognized as having taken the above-mentioned modified diet for a specified period of time.
  • the improvement of health in this invention is defined as "health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being" as stated in the World Health Organization (WHO) Charter.
  • WHO World Health Organization
  • the health conditions for an individual are as follows: being free from disease, having a good appetite and regular bowel movements, being energetic and not easily fatigued, getting enough sleep, having a strong resistance and not easily getting sick, having good posture and a well-balanced body, and normal growth.
  • Such a health condition is judged by various health indices, such as weight, BMI, body fat percentage, blood triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, blood glucose level, blood pressure, bone density, presenteeism, QOL, mood state, fatigue, stress, bowel movement status, intestinal flora, sleep status, average life expectancy, and prevalence of diseases.
  • the present invention aims to improve the health of seniors, and by continuously ingesting the nutrient-adjusted diet of the present invention, it is possible to improve the health condition as determined by one or more health indicators selected from cognitive function tests, walking function, five-time chair stand test, total antioxidant capacity, sirtuin gene expression level, mental health condition, and intestinal flora.
  • Test Method In order to compare changes in health status when the formulated diet of the present invention is taken twice a day with those before and after intake, an open-label randomized controlled study was conducted on senior men and women (aged 60 to 74 years, average age: 64.9 ⁇ 3.7 years). The details are as follows. ⁇ Subject ⁇ The study involved 110 subjects: 55 men and 55 women. ⁇ Selection Criteria ⁇ Patients were defined as those who met one or more of the revised Japanese CHS criteria listed in Table 1, i.e., those who met the pre-frailty or higher criteria (including frailty).
  • subjects were limited to those whose cognitive function test results ranged from normal to MCI and who could finish the adjusted diet. Therefore, subjects who were in the normal to MCI range but had a small appetite or had swallowing disorders were not included. Furthermore, subjects with food allergies and those undergoing exercise therapy or diet therapy were excluded.
  • ⁇ Group Composition The groups consisted of 55 people in each of the control group (no dietary intervention) and the test diet group (adjusted dietary intervention) out of a total of 110 people. In addition, each group was required to do resistance exercise about 3 to 5 times a week. ⁇ Duration of intake of modified diet ⁇ The intake period was 12 weeks.
  • ⁇ Adjusted diet menu The menu of the formula meals consisted of 20 types, as shown in Table 2. 28 meals were delivered to the subjects' homes every two weeks, and the subjects were allowed to select from these at their own discretion to consume the formula meals.
  • Timing of intake of adjusted diet was set to be either breakfast, lunch or dinner, and subjects were free to take meals and snacks other than the formula diet.
  • the subjects for analysis were those whose intake rate of the formulated diet during the intake period was less than 80%, those who performed resistance exercise too frequently or too infrequently, and those who were unable to perform the specified resistance exercise due to physical pain.
  • the analysis method used was the "t-test” or “Mann-Whitney U test” to compare two groups.
  • the analysis method used was the "paired t-test” or “Wilcoxon signed rank test” to compare before and after within the same group. The significance level was set at 0.05.
  • each meal is adjusted to contain approximately 500 kcal.
  • the PFC balance of the adjusted diet was 14-20% protein, 20-30% lipids, and 50-65% carbohydrates.
  • Protein The amount of protein per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily protein intake limits of 70 g/day and 65 g/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of lipids per meal of the adjusted diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the daily upper and lower lipid intake limits of 46.7 g/day and 31.1 g/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the adjusted diet.
  • the amount of saturated fatty acids per meal of the adjusted diet was adjusted to within the range obtained by multiplying the upper limit of daily saturated fatty acid intake of 10.9 g/day by the energy intake rate of the adjusted diet.
  • n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily n-3 fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids intake by the energy intake rate of the prepared diet, with the lower limit set at 2.63 g/day and 10 g/day, respectively.
  • Carbohydrates The amount of carbohydrates per meal of the adjusted diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily carbohydrate intake limits of 227.5 g/day and 175 g/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the adjusted diet. Next, the amount of dietary fiber per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily dietary fiber intake of 21 g/day by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • Minerals and vitamins The amount of carbohydrates per meal of the adjusted diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily carbohydrate intake limits of 227.5 g/day and 175 g/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the adjusted diet.
  • the amount of dietary fiber per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily dietary fiber intake of 21 g/day by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • the amount of calcium per meal of the adjusted diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily calcium intake limits of 1,186.4 mg/day and 750 mg/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the adjusted diet.
  • the amount of iron per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily iron intake limits of 23.7 mg/day and 7.5 mg/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Phosphorus The amount of phosphorus per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily phosphorus intake limits of 1,423.7 mg/day and 1,000 mg/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Magnesium The amount of magnesium per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily magnesium intake of 370 mg/day by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of potassium per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily potassium intake of 2500 mg/day by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • the amount of copper per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily copper intake limits of 3.3 mg/day and 0.9 mg/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Iodine The amount of iodine per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily iodine intake limits of 1,423.7 ⁇ g/day and 130 ⁇ g/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of selenium per meal was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily selenium intake limits of 213.6 ⁇ g/day and 30 ⁇ g/day by the energy intake rate in the diet.
  • Zinc The amount of zinc per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily zinc intake limits of 20.4 mg/day and 11 mg/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of chromium per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily chromium intake limits of 237.3 ⁇ g/day and 10 ⁇ g/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the amount of manganese per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily intake limits of manganese, 5.2 mg/day and 4 mg/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • molybdenum The amount of molybdenum per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily molybdenum intake limits of 284.7 ⁇ g/day and 30 ⁇ g/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin A The amount of vitamin A per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily intake limits of vitamin A, respectively, of 1281.4 ⁇ g RAE/day (as retinol activity equivalent excluding carotenoids) and 900 ⁇ g RAE/day (as retinol activity equivalent), by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin D The amount of vitamin D per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily intake limits of vitamin D, respectively, of 47.5 ⁇ g/day and 10 ⁇ g/day by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin E The amount of vitamin E per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily intake limits of vitamin E, respectively, of 403.4 mg/day and 7.0 mg/day by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin K The amount of vitamin K per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily vitamin K intake, set at 150 ⁇ g/day, by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • Vitamin B1 The amount of vitamin B1 per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily vitamin B1 intake, set at 1.3 mg/day, by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • Vitamin B2 The amount of vitamin B2 per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily vitamin B2 intake of 1.5 mg/day by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • Niacin The amount of niacin per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily niacin intake limits of 40.3 mg/day (as nicotinic acid) and 14 mg NE/day (as niacin equivalent) by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin B6 The amount of vitamin B6 per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily intake limits of vitamin B6, set at 25.5 mg/day and 1.5 mg/day, respectively, by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • Vitamin B12 The amount of vitamin B12 per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily vitamin B12 intake of 2.4 ⁇ g/day by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • Biotin The amount of biotin per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily biotin intake of 50 ⁇ g/day by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • Vitamin C The amount of vitamin C per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily vitamin C intake, set at 100 mg/day, by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • Pantothenic acid The amount of pantothenic acid per meal of the prepared diet was adjusted to fall within the range of values obtained by multiplying the lower limit of daily pantothenic acid intake of 6 mg/day by the energy intake rate in the prepared diet.
  • Folic acid The amount of folic acid per meal of the formulated diet was adjusted to fall within the range obtained by multiplying the upper and lower daily folic acid intake limits of 458.2 ⁇ g/day (as unnatural pteroylmonoglutamic acid) and 240 ⁇ g/day by the energy intake rate in the formulated diet.
  • the meals with the above nutrients adjusted are based on a menu of vegetables, grains, meat, fish, etc. and processed products thereof cooked by baking, boiling, steaming, frying, etc. as needed and seasoned with condiments as needed.
  • nutritional supplements, food additives, functional ingredients, various salts, etc. are used to make up for various nutrient deficiencies.
  • the details of the content and results are shown below. 1.
  • the Japanese version of the cognitive function test MCI Screen was used. As shown in Figure 1, this test is a scale that allows for quantitative longitudinal evaluation of cognitive function in healthy subjects and those with MCI, and is scored from 0 to 100 as the MPI score (cognitive function index), with higher scores indicating better results. The results are shown in Figure 2. Results The MPI score showed a significant improvement in the test diet group at the 12-week test, whereas no significant improvement was observed in the control group. In addition, the change in the test diet group after 12 weeks was significantly improved compared to the control group.
  • Sirtuin gene expression level is inversely correlated with visceral fat area and the number of metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria, and it is considered that the higher the sirtuin gene expression level (SIRT1mRNA expression level), the better the results.
  • the expression level of the sirtuin gene was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The results are shown in Figure 6. Results A significant increase in sirtuin gene expression was observed in the test diet group at 12 weeks of testing, whereas no significant increase was observed in the control group.
  • Intestinal flora The state of the intestinal flora of the subjects was examined. The test results are shown in Figure 9. The intestinal flora was measured using the occupancy rate of each bacterium obtained by 16SrRNA flora analysis. Results The prevalence of Blautia and Anaerostipes, which are classified as butyric acid-producing bacteria and have been reported to decrease with age and disease, was significantly increased in the test diet group at 12 weeks, whereas no significant increase was observed in the control group. Furthermore, the change in the prevalence of these intestinal bacteria in the test diet group after 12 weeks was significantly increased compared to the control group.

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Abstract

[Problème] Développer un nouveau procédé par lequel les personnes âgées consomment des repas dans lesquels des éléments nutritionnels sont ajustés dans le but d'améliorer l'état de santé des personnes âgées. [Solution] Ce procédé pour améliorer l'état de santé des personnes âgées consiste à maintenir la consommation, en au moins un jour, d'au moins une portion d'un repas choisi parmi les trois repas quotidiens de petit-déjeuner, de déjeuner et de dîner, le repas contenant, en termes de rapport d'énergie, de 14 à 20 % ou de 15 à 20 % de protéine, de 20 à 30 % de graisse, de 50 à 65 % de glucide, les quantités de nutriments comprenant la protéine, la graisse, le glucide, la fibre alimentaire, les vitamines et les minéraux étant ajustées dans des plages prescrites.
PCT/JP2024/005907 2023-02-28 2024-02-20 Procédé d'amélioration de l'état de santé de personnes âgées Pending WO2024181219A1 (fr)

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JP2023-030272 2023-02-28
JP2023030272A JP2024122617A (ja) 2023-02-28 2023-02-28 シニアの健康状態の改善方法

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006031433A (ja) * 2004-07-16 2006-02-02 Mitsubishi Electric Life Service Corp 高齢者の日常生活・運動支援システム
JP2022059222A (ja) * 2020-10-01 2022-04-13 日清食品ホールディングス株式会社 健康状態の改善方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006031433A (ja) * 2004-07-16 2006-02-02 Mitsubishi Electric Life Service Corp 高齢者の日常生活・運動支援システム
JP2022059222A (ja) * 2020-10-01 2022-04-13 日清食品ホールディングス株式会社 健康状態の改善方法

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