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WO2024173553A1 - Sélection d'une technique de rapport crête sur puissance moyenne pour une transmission sans fil - Google Patents

Sélection d'une technique de rapport crête sur puissance moyenne pour une transmission sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024173553A1
WO2024173553A1 PCT/US2024/015799 US2024015799W WO2024173553A1 WO 2024173553 A1 WO2024173553 A1 WO 2024173553A1 US 2024015799 W US2024015799 W US 2024015799W WO 2024173553 A1 WO2024173553 A1 WO 2024173553A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wtru
papr reduction
reduction technique
papr
technique
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2024/015799
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Aata EL HAMSS
Virgil Comsa
Paul Marinier
Janet Stern-Berkowitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc filed Critical InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
Priority to KR1020257029725A priority Critical patent/KR20250149720A/ko
Publication of WO2024173553A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024173553A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/30—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/36—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
    • H04W52/365—Power headroom reporting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/30—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/36—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
    • H04W52/367—Power values between minimum and maximum limits, e.g. dynamic range

Definitions

  • Average transmission power may have a direct impact on the Block Error Rate (BLER) of transmissions.
  • BLER Block Error Rate
  • One technique for reducing the BLER of a transmission is to increase the transmission power.
  • the peak-to-peak amplitude (related to the signal power level) of a signal input to an amplifier typically needs to be within the linear operating region of the amplifier to avoid non-linear behavior of the amplifier (e.g., the signal output from the amplifier extending outside of the amplifier’s linear operating region) and distortion (e.g., harmonic distortion) that such non-linear behavior can impart to the signal output from the amplifier (e.g., the amplifier output signal)
  • This effect of an input signal and/or an output signal being out (either partially or fully) of an amplifier’s linear operating region can be more pronounced in a power amplifier of a WTRU compared to a power amplifier of a gNB (base station or base node).
  • one technique is to have the peak of the output (e.g., transmitted) signal power closer to, or equal to, the average of the output (e.g., transmitted) signal power so that the average power can be increased while still operating the amplifier in its linear operating region, i.e., by reducing the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAR or PAPR) toward or to unity (e.g., one).
  • PAR Peak-to-Average Power Ratio
  • a WTRU may be forced to reduce the average power of its transmissions due to the linear-operating-region limitation of the WTRU’s one or more power amplifiers as described above
  • reduced average output (e.g., transmission) power there typically will be a limitation on the minimum achievable BLER of a transmission.
  • a good performance can still be achieved for uplink transmission since the WTRU is closer to the gNB.
  • even transmitting at maximum average power may not help to achieve the desirable BLER target.
  • a WTRU typically can support multiple Maximum Power Reduction (MPR)ZPAPR reduction techniques that can be either non-transparent techniques such as frequency-domain spectrum shaping, tone reservation, or waveform switching, or transparent techniques.
  • MPR Maximum Power Reduction
  • PAPR reduction techniques may be able to provide better performance than other MPR and/or PAPR techniques.
  • a WTRU is configured with a list of PAPR reduction techniques (e.g., frequency spectrum shaping, tone reservation, and/or waveform switching) that can potentially be used for uplink coverage enhancements
  • PAPR reduction techniques e.g., frequency spectrum shaping, tone reservation, and/or waveform switching
  • the WTRU selects a PAPR reduction technique (e.g., from the configured list), determines a need for a PAPR reduction technique, or determines a need to change a PAPR reduction technique based on at least one of the following: o A power headroom (PH), for example based on determining a PH (e.g., for an UL transmission such as a configured or scheduled UL transmission) is below (or above) a first configured threshold o A number of active UL carriers (e.g., in CA mode) is changed o A maximum power of the WTRU or a carrier (e.g, Pcmax or Pcmax.c), e.g., determined for a UL transmission exceeds a threshold o A transmit power of a transmission (e.g., a scheduled transmission) on one or more UL carriers is scaled or is to be scaled o WTRU power class changes
  • the WTRU sends an indication (e.g., to a gNB) indicating the selected PAPR reduction technique(s), e.g., using a resource such as a PUCCH, for the transmission of the indication o
  • the WTRU is configured with a resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) for indicating a PAPR reduction technique and the WTRU indicates the selected PAPR reduction technique using the resource o
  • the WTRU is configured with a resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) associated with each PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU indicates the selected PAPR reduction technique(s) using the resource associated with the selected PAPR reduction technique(s)
  • the WTRU receives an indication indicating which of the one or more PAPR reduction techniques to use and, optionally, when or for how long to apply the PAPR reduction technique(s) o
  • the WTRU receives a UL grant scheduling a UL transmission and the UL grant DCI indicates whether a PAPR reduction technique is to be used and if so which one o
  • the WTRU receives an indication (e.g., via another DCI or a MAC-CE) that indicates when or that use of a PAPR reduction technique applies, e.g., for a time period or a set of slots o
  • the WTRU may receive an activation of a PAPR reduction technique and may apply the PAPR reduction technique to one or more UL transmissions until a deactivation is received or activation of another PAPR reduction technique is received
  • the WTRU transmits a UL transmission (e.g., the configured or scheduled UL transmission) using the indicated PAPR reduction technique.
  • a UL transmission e.g., the configured or scheduled UL transmission
  • the WTRU transmits the UL transmission using tone reservation, frequency shaping, or a waveform switching (e.g., using a waveform indicated in the DCI)
  • a technique for selecting a PAPR reduction technique based on schedule parameters includes: Configuring the WTRU with a list of PAPR reduction techniques (e.g., frequency-spectrum shaping, tone reservation, and/or waveform switching) that can potentially be used for uplink coverage enhancements
  • PAPR reduction techniques e.g., frequency-spectrum shaping, tone reservation, and/or waveform switching
  • one or more scheduling parameters for at least one UL transmission may include one or more of the following: o A MCS (e.g., target MCS) o A set of RBs o A number of repetitions o Whether TBoMS is to be used or not o A Target BLER
  • a WTRU Transmitting, with the WTRU, a UL transmission (e.g., the scheduled UL transmission) using the determined PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU transmits the UL transmission using tone reservation, frequency shaping, or a waveform switching [0008]
  • a WTRU is configured to determine a preferred PAPR reduction technique based on the power headroom calculation, number of active UL carriers, and/or WTRU power class and to indicate to the gNB the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • a WTRU determines a preferred PAPR reduction technique and applies it for uplink transmission based on scheduling parameters that can include at least an MCS target, a set of RBs, a number of repetitions, and a target BLER.
  • a WTRU is configured to select a PAPR reduction technique and to transmit a signal using the selected PAPR reduction technique.
  • a method performable by a WTRU includes selecting a PAPR reduction technique in response to one or more scheduling parameters, and transmitting a signal using the selected PAPR reduction technique.
  • a method performed by a wireless network includes transmitting, to a WTRU, one or more scheduling parameters, and receiving, from the WTRU, a signal generated using a PAPR reduction technique corresponding to the one or more scheduling parameters.
  • a wireless network is configured to transmit, to a WTRU, one or more scheduling parameters, and to receive, from the WTRU, a signal generated using a PAPR reduction technique corresponding to the one or more scheduling parameters.
  • a WTRU is configured for implementing at least one Peak-to-Average Power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique, to select a first PAPR reduction technique from the at least one PAPR reduction technique, to send, to a network, first information indicating the first PAPR reduction technique selected by the WTRU, to receive, from the network, second information indicating to apply a second PAPR reduction technique, and to send third information while applying the indicated second PAR reduction technique.
  • PAPR Peak-to-Average Power ratio
  • a WTRU includes at least one transceiver configured to receive a configuration that indicates one or more Peak-to-Average Power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques, circuitry configured to implement at least one of the one or more PAPR reduction techniques, at least one processor configured to select, from the at least one of the one or more PAPR reduction techniques, a first PAPR reduction technique, and at least one transceiver configured to send, to a network, first information indicating the first PAPR reduction technique, to receive, from the network, second information indicating to implement a second PAPR reduction technique, and to send third information while implementing the indicated second PAR reduction technique.
  • PAPR Peak-to-Average Power ratio
  • a WTRU is configured to receive a scheduling parameter, determine, based on the received scheduling parameter, whether to apply a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique during a transmission according to the received scheduling parameter, select, based on the received scheduling parameter, a PAPR reduction technique for which the WTRU is configured in response to determining to apply a PAPR reduction technique, and transmit information while applying the selected PAPR reduction technique.
  • PAPR Peak-to-Average-Ratio
  • a WTRU includes at least one transceiver configured to receive a scheduling parameter, at least one processor configured to determine, based on the received scheduling parameter, whether to use a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique during a transmission according to the received scheduling parameter, to select, based on the received scheduling parameter, a PAPR reduction technique for which the WTRU is configured in response to determining to use a PAPR reduction technique, and the at least one transceiver configured to transmit information using the selected PAPR reduction technique.
  • PAPR Peak-to-Average-Ratio
  • FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented
  • FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;
  • WTRU wireless transmit/receive unit
  • FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;
  • RAN radio access network
  • CN core network
  • FIG. 1D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a procedure by which a WTRU selects and uses a PAPR reduction technique, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a procedure by which a WTRU determines whether to use a PAPR reduction technique based on scheduling parameters and, if the WTRU decides to use a PAPR reduction technique, the WTRU selects a PAPR reduction technique and uses the selected PAPR reduction technique, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a procedure for selecting a PAPR reduction technique in response to one or more scheduling parameters, and transmitting a signal using the selected PAPR reduction technique, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a procedure implemented by a WTRU for PAPR reduction, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a procedure for determining whether to use, and using, a PAPR reduction technique, according to another embodiment.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution e.g., from 3GPP LTE R8 and up
  • PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio
  • RO RACH occasion [0084] RRC Radio Resource Control
  • WTRU Wireless Transmit-Receive Unit (a type of User Equipment UE)
  • FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users.
  • the communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth.
  • the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), singlecarrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S- OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal FDMA
  • SC-FDMA singlecarrier FDMA
  • ZT-UW-DFT-S- OFDM zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM
  • UW-OFDM unique word OFDM
  • FBMC filter bank multicarrier
  • the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (ON) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though itwill be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and/or network elements.
  • WTRUs wireless transmit/receive units
  • RAN radio access network
  • ON core network
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and/or communicate in a wireless environment
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and
  • UE user equipment
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • HMD head-
  • the communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and/or a base station 114b.
  • Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106, the Internet 110, and/or the other networks 112.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a next generation NodeB, such as a gNode B (gNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and/or network elements.
  • the base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and/or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, and the like.
  • BSC base station controller
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the base station 114a and/or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum
  • a cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors.
  • the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors.
  • the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell.
  • the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple output
  • beamforming may be used to transmit and/or receive signals in desired spatial directions.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.).
  • the air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like.
  • the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA).
  • WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and/or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+).
  • HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and/or High-Speed Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and/or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).
  • E-UTRA Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • LTE-A Pro LTE-Advanced Pro
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies.
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles.
  • DC dual connectivity
  • the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and/or transmissions sent to/from multiple types of base stations (e.g , an eNB and a gNB).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e , Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.
  • IEEE 802.11 i.e , Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)
  • IEEE 802.16 i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
  • CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • IS-95 Interim Standard 95
  • IS-856 Interim Standard 856
  • GSM Global System for
  • the base station 114b in FIG 1A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like.
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell.
  • the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110.
  • the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.
  • the RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and/or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d.
  • the data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and/or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication.
  • the RAN 104 and/or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.
  • the CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.
  • the CN 106 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and/or the other networks 112.
  • the PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS).
  • POTS plain old telephone service
  • the Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and/or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP/IP internet protocol suite.
  • the networks 112 may include wired and/or wireless communications networks owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.
  • Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links).
  • the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellularbased radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.
  • FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG.
  • the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit/receive element 122, a speaker/microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display/touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and/or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like.
  • the processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment.
  • the processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit/receive element 122. While FIG. 1 B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116.
  • a base station e.g., the base station 114a
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and/or receive RF signals.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an emitter/detector configured to transmit and/or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive any combination of wireless signals.
  • the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit/receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit/receive elements 122 (e g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.
  • the transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit/receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit/receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11 , for example.
  • the processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit)
  • the processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128.
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and/or the removable memory 132.
  • the non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device.
  • the removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like.
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • SD secure digital
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).
  • the processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and/or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102.
  • the power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102.
  • the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g, nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li- ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.
  • the processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102.
  • location information e.g., longitude and latitude
  • the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and/or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment
  • the processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and/or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and/or wired or wireless connectivity.
  • the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and/or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a handsfree headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and/or Augmented Reality (VR/AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like.
  • FM frequency modulated
  • the peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors.
  • the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, a humidity sensor and the like.
  • the WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and/or simultaneous.
  • the full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118).
  • the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e g, for transmission) or the DL (e g, for reception)).
  • FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment.
  • the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.
  • the RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology.
  • the eNode-B 160a for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and/or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.
  • Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and/or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.
  • the CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • SGW serving gateway
  • PGW packet data network gateway
  • PGW packet data network gateway
  • the MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node.
  • the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation/deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.
  • the MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and/or WCDMA
  • the SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface.
  • the SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to/from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • the SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.
  • the SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.
  • packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110
  • the CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices.
  • the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108.
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.
  • the other network 112 may be a WLAN.
  • a WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP.
  • the AP may have access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired/wireless network that carries traffic in to and/or out of the BSS.
  • Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs.
  • Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations.
  • DS Distribution System
  • Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA
  • the traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and/or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic.
  • the peer-to- peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS).
  • the DLS may use an 802.11e DLS or an 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS).
  • a WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other.
  • the IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad-hoc” mode of communication.
  • the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel.
  • the primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width.
  • the primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP.
  • Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) may be implemented, for example in 802.11 systems.
  • the STAs e.g., every STA, including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed/detected and/or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off.
  • One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.
  • High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.
  • VHT STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and/or 160 MHz wide channels
  • the 40 MHz, and/or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels.
  • a 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two noncontiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration.
  • the data, after channel encoding may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • time domain processing may be done on each stream separately
  • the streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA.
  • the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.11 ah.
  • the channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n, and 802.11ac.
  • 802.11 af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum
  • 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum.
  • 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control/Machine- Type Communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area.
  • MTC Meter Type Control/Machine- Type Communications
  • MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g. , only support for) certain and/or limited bandwidths
  • the MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).
  • WLAN systems which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802 11 n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel.
  • the primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS.
  • the bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and/or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode.
  • the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and/or other channel bandwidth operating modes.
  • Carrier sensing and/or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the available frequency bands remains idle.
  • STAs e.g., MTC type devices
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • the available frequency bands which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.
  • FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment.
  • the RAN 104 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.
  • the RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology.
  • gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and/or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c.
  • the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and/or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology.
  • the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology.
  • WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and/or gNB 180c).
  • CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and/or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and/or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing a varying number of OFDM symbols and/or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).
  • TTIs subframe or transmission time intervals
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and/or a non-standalone configuration.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c).
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with/connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with/connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously.
  • eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and/or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and/or DL, support of network slicing, DC, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • the CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node.
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, and the like.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and/or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via an N11 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via an N4 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing DL data notifications, and the like.
  • a PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.
  • the UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.
  • the UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.
  • the CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks
  • the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108.
  • IP gateway e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local DN 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.
  • one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and/or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown).
  • the emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein.
  • the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and/or to simulate network and/or WTRU functions.
  • the emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and/or in an operator network environment.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and/or deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network
  • the emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and/or performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network.
  • the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and/or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and/or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components.
  • the one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and/or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and/or receive data.
  • RF circuitry e.g., which may include one or more antennas
  • PAPR reduction techniques refer to techniques that can reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio.
  • MPR reduction techniques refer to techniques that can produce a Maximum Power Reduction (or an otherwise significant power reduction).
  • PAPR reduction techniques refers to either or both PAPR reduction techniques and MPR reduction techniques that may reduce one or, or both, PAPR and MPR.
  • Frequency Domain Spectrum Shaping is a technique that is applied to a DFT-s-OFDM signal to reduce the PAPR of the transmission.
  • a shaping filter is applied to the signal where the filter uses additional frequency resources on top of frequency resources used for data.
  • the additional frequency resources are symmetric extensions added on each edge of the frequency resources reserved for data transmission.
  • the signal at the output of the filter can have a lower PAPR, and thus can enable higher transmission power, as compared to a same signal to which no shaping filter is applied.
  • the additional resources can have the granularity of resource elements and/or resource blocks.
  • the WTRU can be configured using RRC signaling with FDSS to use for uplink transmission.
  • RRC signaling can configure multiple FDSS configurations to the WTRU.
  • Each FDSS configuration can include one or more of the following:
  • a shaping filter to apply the FDSS configuration Multiple shaping filters can be supported and the RRC configuration of FDSS can indicate one of the supported shaping filters.
  • a shaping filter is a filter applied to the signal carrying uplink transmission and reduces the PAPR
  • NFDSS RBS There are a number of additional frequency resource NFDSS RBS on top of frequency resources to be allocated for data. For example, if the data transmission occupies Noata RBs for data transmission, then the signal at the output of the shaping filter occupies NData+Nposs RBs.
  • the WTRU can be instructed by the gNB using dynamic signaling (e.g., MAC CE or DCI) to use one of the provided configurations.
  • the WTRU can autonomously select one of the FDSS configurations
  • Tone reservation is a technique that can reduce the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of a transmission. This reduction can be achieved by using additional resources in the frequency domain.
  • the signal carrying data intended for transmission has some peaks that causes high PAPR (we call this signal the original signal)
  • PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio
  • a cancelation signal is added to the original signal using additional resources in the frequency domain.
  • the peak of the sum of the signals is thus reduced relative to the peak of the original signal, as is the PAPR of the sum of the signals.
  • the frequency resources used to transmit the cancellation signal are called reserved tones or reserved resources for tone reservation.
  • the granularity of the reserved tones can be Resource Elements and/or Resource Blocks
  • the resource reserved for tone reservation are separate from the RBs allocated for uplink transmission to transmit data
  • the WTRU can be configured with one or more Tone Reservation configurations using RRC signaling.
  • a Tone Reservation configuration can include one or more of the following:
  • a number of additional frequency resources on top of frequency resources to be allocated for data are used to transmit the signal cancelling the peaks of the data signal (the data signal is the signal carrying data transmission)
  • the WTRU can be instructed or requested by the gNB using dynamic signaling to use one of the configurations.
  • the WTRU can autonomously select one of the TR configurations.
  • Waveform switching refers to a technique that allows the WTRU to change its uplink transmission waveform.
  • the WTRU can be configured with a first waveform (e.g., CP-OFDM) to transmit uplink transmission and switch to a second waveform (e.g., DFT-s-OFDM) to transmit uplink transmission Changing from one waveform to another is referred to as waveform switching.
  • a WTRU can reduce the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the uplink transmission, and thus can transmit with higher power, as compared to the original uplink transmission signal.
  • PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio
  • the WTRU can be configured to enable a waveform switching feature using RRC signaling.
  • waveform switching When waveform switching is enabled, the WTRU can use waveform switching to reduce the PAPR and increase the transmission power as compared to the original signal. For example, when changing the waveform from CP- OFDM to DFT-s-OFDM, the WTRU applies waveform switching.
  • the configuration can include the waveform to switch from and the waveform to switch to.
  • Transport Block over Multiple Slots is a technique used to transmit one TB over multiple slots.
  • the TB is spread over multiple slots to increase the coverage of the transmission.
  • a lower coding rate can be used for TBoMS to achieve lower BLER in a bad-coverage scenario.
  • N slots can be used to transmit one TB with low MCS, which can help to reduce the BLER of the transmission for a cell edge WTRU.
  • TBoMS also can be repeated using additional slots. For example, TBoMS using N slots can be repeated M times resulting in using MxN slots for TBoMS and its repetitions.
  • the WTRU can be configured with a list of non-transparent PAPR reduction techniques that can potentially be used for uplink transmission to enhance the coverage of uplink transmissions.
  • the WTRU can be configured with the following non-transparent techniques that can potentially be used for uplink transmissions:
  • FDSS Frequency domain spectrum shaping
  • the WTRU can be configured with the following list of PAPR reduction techniques: 1 st PAPR reduction technique: FDSS with a first configuration (e.g., FDSS configuration includes N1 additional RBs to be used in addition to RBs of data)
  • 1 st PAPR reduction technique FDSS with a first configuration (e.g., FDSS configuration includes N1 additional RBs to be used in addition to RBs of data)
  • FDSS configuration includes N2 additional RBs to be used in addition to RBs of data
  • Tone reservation with a first configuration e.g., TR configuration includes N3 additional RBs to be used in addition to RBs of data
  • Tone reservation with a second configuration e.g., TR configuration includes N4 additional RBs to be used in addition to RBs of data
  • the WTRU can be configured with multiple uplink grants where each grant is configured with a PAPR reduction technique and/or an MPR technique.
  • the uplink grants can be Type 1/Type 2 configured grants where the WTRU is indicated using RRC signalling with time and frequency resources to use without dynamic signaling (e.g., DCI) or can be a scheduled uplink grant.
  • the WTRU can be configured by a first uplink grant with a tone reservation technique, by a second uplink grant with Frequency Domain Spectrum Shaping (FDSS), and by a third uplink grant with a waveform that provides a lower PAPR.
  • FDSS Frequency Domain Spectrum Shaping
  • the WTRU may be configured to select which grant to use for uplink transmission based on the WTRU’s available power for transmission and/or the coverage situation of the WTRU. For example, the WTRU can determine that it is in a bad coverage situation using the downlink reference signal measurements. With uplink reciprocity, the WTRU can assume that the uplink is also in a bad coverage situation. Alternatively, the WTRU can select an uplink grant based on the enabled PAPR reduction technique(s). The gNB can indicate to the WTRU the identify of the enabled PAPR reduction technique for a set of slots and based on the indicated PAPR reduction technique the WTRU selects the uplink grant for transmission.
  • the WTRU can start transmitting using one of the uplink grants and can trigger the PAPR reduction technique selection.
  • the WTRU can use a configured grant to transmit uplink data
  • the uplink grant used for the uplink transmission may or may not be using a PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can be triggered to select one or more PAPR reduction techniques based on one or a combination of the following:
  • the RSRP of a reference signal is below a threshold.
  • the RSRP can indicate to the WTRU a bad coverage situation for both downlink and uplink.
  • the WTRU can use the SSB and/or CSI RS to measure the RSRP.
  • the WTRU can be configured by the gNB with a reference signal to use for PAPR selection triggering
  • the Power Headroom (PH) calculated using the uplink transmission scheme is below a first configured threshold.
  • the WTRU can be configured with a PH threshold. If the WTRU calculates a PH below the threshold, the WTRU triggers a PAPR reduction technique selection.
  • the number of active UL carriers in carrier aggregation mode has changed.
  • the changes on the active uplink carriers can be due to receiving MAC CE activating/deactivating one or multiple uplink carriers or RRC configuration that activates/deactivates one or more uplink carriers.
  • the WTRU can trigger PAPR reduction technique selection if the number of active uplink carriers will result in transmitting at maximum power by the WTRU. For example, after receiving MAC CE activating multiple uplink carriers, the WTRU transmits with power equal to Pcmax. The WTRU then triggers PAPR reduction technique selection.
  • the WTRU can be triggered to select a PAPR reduction technique if the WTRU receives a MAC CE/RRC configuration that deactivates uplink carrier(s), which leads to transmitting at lower power.
  • the WTRU receives a MAC CE deactivating an uplink carrier, which leads the WTRU to transmit at lower power and thus no need to use the PAPR reduction technique to increase the transmit power.
  • the WTRU can trigger PAPR reduction technique selection if the number of active uplink carriers is likely to result in transmitting with scaled power. For example, after receiving MAC CE activating multiple uplink carriers, the WTRU reaches its maximum transmit power and starts scaling the power of different transmissions on different carriers.
  • the WTRU then starts the selection of a PAPR reduction technique Alternatively, the WTRU can be triggered to select a PAPR reduction technique if the WTRU receives a MAC CE/RRC configuration that deactivate uplink carrier(s), which leads to transmit without power scaling on different carriers.
  • Dual connectivity for uplink transmission is enabled/disabled.
  • dual connectivity activation results in scaling the transmission power of different transmissions on different nodes.
  • Power class changes can be due to network reconfiguration of the power class and/or changes in the uplink duty cycles and/or changes in the SAR requirements changes.
  • the WTRU After being triggered to select PAPR reduction techniques or receiving a scheduling condition or receiving a potential list of RB allocations, the WTRU selects and reports one or more PAPR reduction techniques.
  • the selection of a PAPR reduction technique also can include not using a PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can determine that it is in a good coverage situation (e.g., WTRU can achieve the target BLER given the uplink channel conditions) and determine that there is no need to use a PAPR reduction technique. For example, the WTRU receives a scheduling condition from the gNB and determines that for received scheduling conditions, there is no need to use a PAPR reduction technique. In case the WTRU determines it needs a PAPR reduction technique, the WTRU selects a PAPR reduction technique that at least satisfies one of the following conditions:
  • the new PH calculated using the selected PAR technique is above a second configured threshold.
  • the WTRU selects a PAR reduction technique that leads to transmitting at higher power and/or without power scaling.
  • the WTRU can select the PAR technique that achieves the higher transmit power.
  • Each PAR reduction technique can achieve a different maximum transmission power.
  • a first PAR reduction technique can achieve Pmax,1 and a second PAR reduction technique can achieve Pmax,2 where Pmax,1 ⁇ Pmax,2.
  • the WTRU can be configured to associate a PAPR reduction technique with a priority Meaning the WTRU can prioritize using one PAPR reduction technique over another PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU selects the PAPR reduction technique with higher priority.
  • the WTRU can determine the PAPR reduction for a PAPR reduction technique by calculating the PAPR for possible uplink transmission with and without the PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can be configured to determine the possible average transmit power increase for uplink transmission based on the amount of PAPR reduction. For example, if PAPR is reduced by X d B, then the possible average power increase will be Y dB.
  • the WTRU can be configured with an association between multiple PAPR reduction levels and the possible average power increase:
  • the WTRU selects an FDSS technique with a first configuration if one or more of the following is satisfied:
  • the PAPR reduction when applying an FDSS technique with a first configuration is above a configured threshold
  • the possible average transmit power increase when applying an FDSS technique with a first configuration is above a configured threshold.
  • the configured threshold can depend on the calculated RSRP of SSB or CSI-RS.
  • the number of additional frequency RBs required to apply an FDSS technique with a first configuration is below the additional frequency RBs configured for the uplink transmission.
  • the WTRU selects an FDSS technique with a second configuration if one or more of the following is satisfied:
  • the PAPR reduction when applying an FDSS technique with a second configuration is above a configured threshold.
  • the possible transmit power increase when applying an FDSS technique with a second configuration is above a configured threshold.
  • the configured threshold can depend on the calculated RSRP of SSB or CSI-RS. Power headroom when applying an FDSS technique with a second configuration is above a configured threshold
  • the number of additional frequency RBs required to apply an FDSS technique with a second configuration is below the additional frequency RBs configured for the uplink transmission.
  • the WTRU selects a TR technique with a first configuration if one or more of the following is satisfied:
  • the PAPR reduction when applying a TR technique with a first configuration is above a configured threshold
  • the possible average transmit power increase when applying a TR technique with a first configuration is above a configured threshold.
  • the configured threshold can depend on the calculated RSRP of SSB or CSI-RS.
  • the number of additional frequency RBs required to apply a TR technique with a first configuration is below the additional frequency RBs configured for the uplink transmission.
  • the WTRU selects a TR technique with a second configuration if one or more of the following is satisfied:
  • the PAPR reduction when applying a TR technique with a second configuration is above a configured threshold
  • the configured threshold can depend on the calculated RSRP of SSB or CSI-RS.
  • the number of additional frequency RBs required to apply a TR technique with a second configuration is below the additional frequency RBs configured for the uplink transmission.
  • the WTRU selects waveform switching if:
  • the active waveform used for uplink transmission is CP-OFDM
  • the PAPR reduction when applying DFT-s-OFDM to uplink transmission is above a configured threshold
  • the WTRU can be configured to indicate the preferred PAPR reduction technique using a PUCCH resource. Multiple PUCCH resources can be configured and each PUCCH resource is associated with a PAPR reduction technique. The WTRU transmits a PUCCH resource if the corresponding PAPR reduction technique is selected as a preferred PAPR reduction technique. In case the WTRU does not select a PAPR reduction technique, the WTRU does not transmit the corresponding PUCCH resource. The WTRU can be configured to transmit a PUCCH resource that indicates more than one PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can be configured with a PUCCH format that carries more than N bits to indicate more than one preferred PAPR reduction technique where N is the maximum number of potential PAPR reduction techniques that can be used.
  • the WTRU can be configured to periodically transmit the PUCCH corresponding to the preferred PAPR reduction technique(s)
  • the configuration indicates the periodic transmission time of a PUCCH resource.
  • the WTRU can be triggered to transmit the PUCCH corresponding to the preferred PAPR reduction technique (a periodic report of the preferred PAPR reduction technique).
  • the WTRU when receiving the scheduling conditions from the gNB, the WTRU can be provided with transmission time of, and the PUCCH resource to report, the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the DCI can indicate the transmission time and the PUCCH resource that indicates the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can be configured to transmit the PUCCH indicating the preferred PAPR reduction technique(s) even when PUSCH transmission is overlapping with the PUCCH transmission.
  • the UC can be configured to transmit both PUSCH transmission and the PUCCH indicating the preferred PAPR reduction technique(s).
  • the WTRU can be configured to report the preferred PAPR reduction technique in PUSCH transmission. After selecting the preferred PAPR reduction technique, the WTRU can use the next available PUSCH grant to report the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can use MAC CE within the PUSCH to report the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can use a UCI piggybacked on the PUSCH to indicate the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • a new UCI type can be introduced to support an indication of the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the new UCI can indicate one or more PAPR reduction techniques that are preferred by the WTRU.
  • the WTRU can be configured to prioritize between a PUSCH transmission and a PUCCH transmission to indicate the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can be configured to drop the PUSCH transmission and instead transmit PUCCH indicating the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can decide to drop the PUSCH transmission if the PAPR reduction technique configured for the PUSCH transmission is not among the preferred PAPR reduction techniques to be reported in the PUCCH transmission or if the PUSCH transmission is not configured with a PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can be configured with an association between RB configuration and PAPR reduction technique.
  • the RB configuration can include a number of RBs configured for uplink transmission, RB location within the uplink carrier, and the uplink carrier.
  • the WTRU determines the PAPR reduction technique to use based on the configured association between RB configuration and PAR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can be configured to receive an indication of which PAPR technique to use for uplink grant transmission in the scheduling DCI.
  • the indicated PAPR reduction technique can be valid for only the scheduled uplink grant. Valid means here that the indicated PAPR reduction technique can be used by the WTRU for uplink transmissions.
  • the indicated PAPR reduction technique can be valid for a set of slots. The set of slots where the PAPR reduction technique is valid can be indicated to the WTRU in the scheduling DCI or can be pre-configured or fixed in the specification.
  • the WTRU can receive a MAC CE or non-scheduling DCI that indicates the PAPR reduction technique that the WTRU should use for a set of slots.
  • the WTRU can be instructed or requested to use a PAPR reduction technique or not to use a PAPR reduction technique.
  • the set of slots can be indicated in the MAC CE or in the non-scheduling DCI or pre-configured using RRC signaling.
  • the WTRU can be configured semi-statically with the PAPR technique to use. In such case the WTRU keeps using the PAPR reduction technique for all the scheduled uplink grants.
  • the WTRU can determine the set of processing time(s) for uplink grant based on the indicated PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can determine the time domain resource allocation table to assume for uplink scheduling based on association between the PAPR reduction technique and the time domain resource allocation table.
  • the WTRU uses the determined table and TDRA bitfield in the DCI to determine a time resource for uplink transmission.
  • the WTRU can select a PAPR reduction technique and use the configured uplink grants with the selected PAPR reduction technique, where each uplink configured grant can be associated with the PAPR reduction technique.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram 200 of a method for PAPR reduction (e.g., a PAPR reduction technique), according to an embodiment.
  • a PAPR reduction technique e.g., a PAPR reduction technique
  • a WTRU may perform one or more of the following actions:
  • the WTRU is configured with a list of PAPR reduction techniques (e.g., frequency spectrum shaping, tone reservation, and/or waveform switching) that can potentially be used for uplink coverage enhancements
  • PAPR reduction techniques e.g., frequency spectrum shaping, tone reservation, and/or waveform switching
  • the WTRU selects a PAPR reduction technique (e.g., from the configured list), determines a need for a PAPR reduction technique, or determines a need to change a PAPR reduction technique based on at least one of the following: o A power headroom (PH), for example based on determining a PH (e.g., for an UL transmission such as a configured or scheduled UL transmission) is below (or above) a first configured threshold.
  • a PAPR reduction technique e.g., from the configured list
  • a need for a PAPR reduction technique e.g., from the configured list
  • determines a need to change a PAPR reduction technique based on at least one of the following: o A power headroom (PH), for example based on determining a PH (e.g., for an UL transmission such as a configured or scheduled UL transmission) is below (or above) a first configured threshold.
  • PH power headroom
  • a number of active UL carriers e.g., in CA mode) is changed o
  • a maximum power of the WTRU or a carrier e.g., Pcmax or Pcmax.c
  • a transmit power of a transmission e.g., a scheduled transmission
  • the WTRU’s power class changes
  • the WTRU (e.g., at least one transceiver of the WTRU) sends an indication (e.g., to a gNB) indicating the selected PAPR reduction technique(s), e.g., using a resource such as a PUCCH, for the transmission of the indication o
  • the WTRU is configured with a resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) for indicating a PAPR reduction technique and the WTRU indicates the selected PAPR reduction technique using the resource o
  • the WTRU is configured with a resource (e.g., PUCCH resource) associated with each PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU indicates the selected PAPR reduction technique using the resource associated with the selected PAPR reduction technique
  • the WTRU receives an indication of which of the PAPR reduction techniques to use and, optionally, when or for how long to apply the indicated PAPR reduction technique(s) o
  • the WTRU receives a UL grant scheduling a UL transmission and the UL grant DCI indicates whether a PAPR reduction technique is to be used and if so which one o
  • the WTRU receives an indication (e.g., via another DCI or a MAC-CE) that indicates when or that use of a PAPR reduction technique applies, e.g., for a time period or a set of slots o
  • the WTRU may receive an activation of a PAPR reduction technique and may apply the PAPR reduction technique to one or more UL transmissions until a deactivation is received or activation of another PAPR reduction technique is received
  • the WTRU (e.g., at least one transceiver of the WTRU) transmits a UL transmission (e.g., the configured or scheduled UL transmission) using the indicated PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU transmits the UL transmission using tone reservation, frequency shaping, or a waveform switching (e.g., using a waveform indicated in the DCI)
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart 200 that summarizes the above-described embodiment.
  • the selection of a PAPR reduction technique is based on scheduling parameters, e.g., by providing the WTRU with a list of MCS.
  • the WTRU can be configured by the gNB with a list of MCS and the WTRU indicates the preferred PAPR reduction technique for the MCS values in the provided list.
  • the configured MCS list can be a table with rows each having a different modulation and coding scheme.
  • the WTRU can be provided with only MCS values and then the WTRU provides the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each MCS value.
  • the WTRU can be provided with MCS values along with an uplink grant that the WTRU can assume while determining the preferred PAPR reduction technique for different MCS values.
  • the uplink grant can be used to determine the preferred PAPR technique without necessarily being used for uplink transmission.
  • the uplink grant can include the resources reserved for a PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can report to the gNB the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each MCS value.
  • the WTRU can report to the gNB the preferred PAPR reduction technique for a range of MCS values.
  • the WTRU reports the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can be configured by the gNB with a list of RB allocations and the WTRU indicates the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each RB allocation.
  • Each RB allocation may include the additional RBs that are needed to enable a PAPR reduction technique.
  • an RB allocation can include RBs for data transmission and additional RBs for a tone-reservation technique to achieve lower PAPR.
  • RB allocation can include RBs for data transmission and additional RBs for a Frequency Domain Spectrum Shaping technique to achieve lower PAPR.
  • a WTRU reports its PAPR and/or MPR improvement methods and their selective activation/deactivation.
  • the WTRU may report as a capability a set of PAPR reduction techniques or MPR techniques in the active cell or cell configuration (for example, carrier aggregation).
  • PAPR reduction techniques may have the MPR improvements implemented/mapped in MPR tables from specifications, and thus the gNB scheduler may “know” upfront for each UL grant a potential MPR improvement for a certain RB allocation and MCS.
  • PAPR reduction techniques and/or MPR techniques may be transparent or nontransparent for the non-transparent methods (like those with spectrum expansion or tone reservation)
  • the WTRU may have to trigger these techniques with the gNB knowledge as certain UL resources (RBs) may have to be reserved.
  • the WTRU may trigger an indication to the gNB, signaling the situation.
  • the gNB may send a PAPR/MPR activation to the WTRU.
  • the PAPR/MPR method activation may be sent by MAC CE, DCI (along with a valid grant), or RRC.
  • the activation method of a specific PAPR/MPR improvement scheme may comprise the following or any combination of parameters:
  • An indication of the PAPR reduction method and/or MPR method may be an index pointing to the correct method in a table.
  • a specific RB map (RB region within the carrier or aggregated carriers) and possibly where a specific indicated/activated method may be applied.
  • a minimum MCS or an index toward the minimum MCS in the MCS table is a minimum MCS or an index toward the minimum MCS in the MCS table.
  • the PAPR/MPR improvement method activation may be associated with a specific UL grant type.
  • the deactivation of a PAPR/MPR method may be triggered by the following or a combination of factors/conditions:
  • a specific active UL configured UL grant like a semi-persistent that is linked to an activated PAPR/MPR method, that is de-activated by MAC CE or Downlink Control Signaling (DCI).
  • DCI Downlink Control Signaling
  • a WTRU is provided with a list of repletion numbers.
  • the WTRU can be configured by the gNB with a list of repetition numbers for uplink transmission and the WTRU indicates the preferred PAPR reduction technique for the list of repetition numbers provided by the gNB
  • the WTRU can be provided with only a list of repetition numbers and then the WTRU provides the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each repetition number.
  • the WTRU can be provided with list of repetition numbers along with uplink grant that the WTRU can assume while determining the preferred PAPR reduction technique for different repetition numbers.
  • the uplink grant can be used to determine the preferred PAPR technique without necessarily being used for uplink transmission.
  • the uplink grant can include the resources reserved for a PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can report to the gNB the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each repetition number.
  • the WTRU can report to the gNB the preferred PAPR reduction technique for a range of repetition numbers.
  • the WTRU is provided with a list of TBoMS configurations.
  • the WTRU can be configured by the gNB with a list of TBoMS configurations for uplink transmission and the WTRU indicates the preferred PAPR reduction technique for the list of TBoMS configurations provided by the gNB.
  • TBoMS configurations can consist of number of slots on which a TB can be transmitted, number of repetitions for the TB (the total number of slots allocated for TB transmission is number of repetitions multiplied by the number of slots per TB transmission).
  • the WTRU can be provided with only a list of TBoMS configurations and then the WTRU provides the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each TBoMS configuration.
  • the WTRU can be provided with a list of TBoMS configurations along with uplink grant that the WTRU can assume while determining the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each different TBoMS configuration.
  • the uplink grant can be used to determine the preferred PAPR technique without necessarily being used for uplink transmission.
  • the uplink grant can include the resources reserved for a PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can report to the gNB the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each TBoMS configuration.
  • the WTRU can report to the gNB the preferred PAPR reduction technique for multiple TBoMS configurations.
  • a WTRU is provided with a list of BLER targets.
  • the WTRU can be configured by the gNB with a list of BLER targets for uplink transmission and the WTRU indicates the preferred PAPR reduction technique for the list of BLER targets provided by the gNB.
  • the WTRU can be provided with only a list of TBoMS configurations and then the WTRU provides the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each BLER target.
  • the WTRU can be provided with list of BLER targets along with uplink grant that the WTRU can assume while determining the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each different BLER target.
  • the uplink grant can be used to determine the preferred PAPR technique without necessarily being used for uplink transmission.
  • the uplink grant can include the resources reserved for a PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can report to the gNB the preferred PAPR reduction technique for each BLER target.
  • the WTRU can report to the gNB the preferred PAPR reduction technique for multiple BLER targets.
  • a WTRU is provided with a list of scheduling parameters.
  • the WTRU can receive a list of scheduling parameters from the gNB and based on the indicated scheduling parameters, the WTRU determines whether a PAPR reduction technique is needed or not and in case it is needed, the WTRU indicates the preferred PAPR reduction technique to use for uplink transmission.
  • the WTRU can receive from the gNB a target MOS for uplink scheduling and based on the indicated MCS, the WTRU determines the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can be provided with a set of RBs and based on the indicated set of RBs determine the preferred PAPR reduction technique to use for the indicated set of RBs.
  • the WTRU can receive an indication for the target scheduling timing and based on the indicated timing determines the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the scheduling parameters can be one or more of the following:
  • Target MCS for uplink transmission Including s single MCS value, multiple MCS values, and MCS table indication.
  • Set of RBs for uplink transmission Including the frequency location of the set of RBs (which uplink carrier and location within a carrier) and number of the RBs. Timing of the uplink transmission. Including one or multiple slots for uplink transmission as well as symbols of the slot
  • the WTRU can receive an indication of number of repetitions that will be used for uplink transmission and the WTRU determines whether a PAPR reduction technique is needed or not and the preferred PAPR technique.
  • the WTRU can determine if PAPR reduction is needed when TB over multiple slots will be used and the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • Target BLER for uplink transmission Based on the indicated BLER for uplink transmission, the WTRU determines if PAPR reduction is needed and what is the preferred PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can receive the list of scheduling parameters mentioned above using RRC signaling or MAC CE or DCI.
  • RRC signaling or MAC CE or DCI can be used to indicate the scheduling parameters.
  • a combination of RRC and DCI or RRC and MAC CE or MAC CE and DCI can be used to indicate the scheduling parameters.
  • the WTRU can be provided by RRC with a list of scheduling parameters and MAC CE or DCI can activate scheduling parameters.
  • the activation here means an indication from a pre-configured list of scheduling parameters and the WTRU to start the selection of a PAPR reduction technique considering the indicated scheduling parameters
  • the WTRU can be provided by MAC CE with a list of scheduling parameters and the DCI to activate a scheduling parameters
  • the activation here means an indication to start the selection of a PAPR reduction technique considering the indicated scheduling parameters.
  • the RRC configuration of a list of scheduling parameters can be a table with rows indicating scheduling parameters and the columns indicating different parameters described above (e.g., Target MCS, set of RBs, number of repetitions, target BLER) as shown in the table below:
  • Table 1 Example configuration of list of scheduling parameters
  • a WTRU transmits a UL transmission using the determined PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU can determine whether a PAPR reduction technique is needed, which PAPR reduction technique, based on at least the scheduling parameters, to use, and whether to use a PAPR reduction technique at all, for a UL transmission
  • the uplink transmission can be a scheduled uplink transmission or configured grant transmission.
  • the WTRU transmits the uplink transmission using the determined PAPR reduction technique. For example, the WTRU determines, based on the scheduling parameters, that tone reservation is to be used for PAPR reduction and applies tone reservation for the uplink transmission. In another example, the WTRU determines that FDSS is to be used for PAPR reduction based on the scheduling parameters and then applies FDSS to the uplink transmission.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram 300 of a method for determining whether to use, and using, a PAPR reduction technique, according to an embodiment.
  • the WTRU may perform one or more of the following actions:
  • the WTRU e.g., at least one non-volatile or volatile memory of the WTRU
  • the WTRU is configured with a list of PAR reduction techniques (e.g., frequency spectrum shaping, tone reservation, and/or waveform switching) that can potentially be used for uplink coverage enhancements
  • PAR reduction techniques e.g., frequency spectrum shaping, tone reservation, and/or waveform switching
  • the WTRU (receives (e.g., at least one transceiver of the WTRU) via an UL grant, via a configuration such as a configured grant configuration) one or more scheduling parameters for at least one UL transmission that may include one or more of the following: o A MCS (e.g., target MCS) o A set of RBs o A number of repetitions o Whether TBoMS is to be used or not o A Target BLER
  • the WTRU determines, based on at least one of the scheduling parameters, whether to use a PAPR reduction technique for a UL transmission (e.g., a UL transmission scheduled by the UL grant or configuration) and if so, which PAPR reduction technique(s).
  • a PAPR reduction technique for a UL transmission e.g., a UL transmission scheduled by the UL grant or configuration
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram 400 of a procedure implemented by a WTRU for PAPR reduction, according to an embodiment.
  • a PAPR reduction technique is selected (e.g, by a WTRU such as a handset or one or more processors of the WTRU) in response to one or more scheduling parameters.
  • a signal is transmitted (e.g., a UL signal is transmitted by a WTRU such as a handset or one or more processors of the WTRU) using the selected PAPR reduction technique.
  • a WTRU such as a handset or one or more processors of the WTRU
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram 500 of a procedure implemented by a WTRU for PAPR rejection, according to an embodiment.
  • a WTRU receives a configuration that indicates one or more Peak-to-Average Power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques
  • the WTRU selects, from at least one of the one or more PAPR reduction techniques, a first Peak-to-Average Power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique (e.g, for which the WTRU is configured).
  • PAPR Peak-to-Average Power ratio
  • the WTRU e.g, one or more transceivers of the WTRU
  • the WTRU sends, to a network, first information indicating the first PAPR reduction technique (e.g, selected by one or more processors of the WTRU).
  • the WTRU receives, from the network, second information indicating to apply (e.g, use, implement) a second PAPR reduction technique.
  • the WTRU (e.g, one or more transceivers of the WTRU) sends third information while the WTRU (e.g, circuitry of the WTRU) applies (e.g, uses, implements) the indicated second PAPR reduction technique.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram 600 of a method for determining whether to use, and using, a PAPR reduction technique, according to another embodiment.
  • a WTRU receives a scheduling parameter (e.g., and/or a value of a schedule parameter and/or a correspondence between a scheduling parameter or a value thereof and a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique).
  • a scheduling parameter e.g., and/or a value of a schedule parameter and/or a correspondence between a scheduling parameter or a value thereof and a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique.
  • PAPR Peak-to-Average-Ratio
  • the WTRU determines, based on the received scheduling parameter (e.g, and/or a value of a schedule parameter and/or a correspondence between a scheduling parameter or a value thereof and a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique), whether to apply (e.g, use, implement) a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique during a transmission according to the received scheduling parameter (e.g, and/or a value of a schedule parameter and/or a correspondence between a scheduling parameter or a value thereof and a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique).
  • the received scheduling parameter e.g, and/or a value of a schedule parameter and/or a correspondence between a scheduling parameter or a value thereof and a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique.
  • PAPR Peak-to-Average-Ratio
  • the WTRU selects, based on the received scheduling parameter (e.g., and/or a value of a schedule parameter and/or a correspondence between a scheduling parameter or a value thereof and a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique) and in response to determining to apply (e.g., use, implement) a PAPR reduction technique, a PAPR reduction technique for which the WTRU is configured.
  • the received scheduling parameter e.g., and/or a value of a schedule parameter and/or a correspondence between a scheduling parameter or a value thereof and a Peak-to-Average-Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique
  • PAPR Peak-to-Average-Ratio
  • the WTRU (e.g., one or more transceivers of the WTRU) transmits information while applying (e.g., using, implementing) the selected PAPR reduction technique.

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Abstract

Dans un mode de réalisation, une WTRU comprend au moins un émetteur-récepteur configuré pour recevoir une configuration qui indique une ou plusieurs techniques de réduction de rapport crête sur puissance moyenne (PAPR), des circuits configurés pour mettre en œuvre la ou les techniques de réduction PAPR, au moins un processeur configuré pour sélectionner, à partir de la ou des techniques de réduction PAPR, une première technique de réduction PAPR, et au moins un émetteur-récepteur configuré pour envoyer, à un réseau, des premières informations indiquant la première technique de réduction PAPR, pour recevoir, en provenance du réseau, des secondes informations indiquant de mettre en œuvre une seconde technique de réduction PAPR, et pour envoyer des troisièmes informations tout en mettant en œuvre la seconde technique de réduction PAR indiquée.
PCT/US2024/015799 2023-02-14 2024-02-14 Sélection d'une technique de rapport crête sur puissance moyenne pour une transmission sans fil Ceased WO2024173553A1 (fr)

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US20210036743A1 (en) * 2019-08-02 2021-02-04 Qualcomm Incorporated Signaling to assist waveform selection
US20210344535A1 (en) * 2020-05-01 2021-11-04 Qualcomm Incorporated Peak-to-average power ratio (papr) reduction techniques
WO2022081722A1 (fr) * 2020-10-14 2022-04-21 Idac Holdings, Inc. Procédés, appareils destinés à activer des réservations de tonalités dans des systèmes sans fil
US11452041B2 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-09-20 Qualcomm Incorporated UE and base station PAPR report

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US20200053730A1 (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-13 Qualcomm Incorporated Uplink power modification and communication scheme change requests
US20210036743A1 (en) * 2019-08-02 2021-02-04 Qualcomm Incorporated Signaling to assist waveform selection
US20210344535A1 (en) * 2020-05-01 2021-11-04 Qualcomm Incorporated Peak-to-average power ratio (papr) reduction techniques
WO2022081722A1 (fr) * 2020-10-14 2022-04-21 Idac Holdings, Inc. Procédés, appareils destinés à activer des réservations de tonalités dans des systèmes sans fil
US11452041B2 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-09-20 Qualcomm Incorporated UE and base station PAPR report

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