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WO2024172879A1 - Configuration de signal de référence de positionnement (prs) pour saut de fréquence - Google Patents

Configuration de signal de référence de positionnement (prs) pour saut de fréquence Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024172879A1
WO2024172879A1 PCT/US2023/079809 US2023079809W WO2024172879A1 WO 2024172879 A1 WO2024172879 A1 WO 2024172879A1 US 2023079809 W US2023079809 W US 2023079809W WO 2024172879 A1 WO2024172879 A1 WO 2024172879A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
prs
hop
hops
slot
resource
Prior art date
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PCT/US2023/079809
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English (en)
Inventor
Srinivas YERRAMALLI
Alexandros MANOLAKOS
Mukesh Kumar
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Priority to CN202380093748.8A priority Critical patent/CN120677642A/zh
Publication of WO2024172879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024172879A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H04B1/7143—Arrangements for generation of hop patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT
    • H04L5/0012—Hopping in multicarrier systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver

Definitions

  • cellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems examples include the cellular analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), etc.
  • AMPS cellular analog advanced mobile phone system
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • a fifth generation (5G) wireless standard referred to as New Radio (NR), enables higher data transfer speeds, greater numbers of connections, and better coverage, among other improvements.
  • NR New Radio
  • the 5G standard is designed to provide higher data rates as compared to previous standards, more accurate positioning (e.g., based on reference signals for positioning (RS-P), such as downlink, uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signals (PRS)), and other technical enhancements.
  • RS-P reference signals for positioning
  • PRS sidelink positioning reference signals
  • SUMMARY [0004] The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview 1 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • a method of wireless communication performed by a transmitter device includes receiving a request to transmit a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource; and transmitting one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, a hopping pattern of the plurality of hops over the plurality of slots configured by a plurality of parameters, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • a method of wireless communication performed by a receiver device includes receiving, from a network entity, a plurality of parameters defining a hopping pattern for a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource transmitted by a transmitter device, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop; and measuring one or more repetitions of the multi- slot PRS resource based on the plurality of parameters.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • a transmitter device includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, a request to transmit a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource; and transmit, via the at least one transceiver, one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource, the multi- slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, a hopping 2 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • No.2302003WO 3 pattern of the plurality of hops over the of slots configured by a plurality of parameters, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop.
  • a receiver device includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver,, from a network entity, a plurality of parameters defining a hopping pattern for a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource transmitted by a transmitter device, the multi- slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop; and measure one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource based on the plurality of parameters.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • a transmitter device includes means for receiving a request to transmit a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource; and means for transmitting one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, a hopping pattern of the plurality of hops over the plurality of slots configured by a plurality of parameters, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • a receiver device includes means for receiving, from a network entity, a plurality of parameters defining a hopping pattern for a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource transmitted by a transmitter device, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot 3 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • No.2302003WO 4 of a first hop of the plurality of hops a of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop; and means for measuring one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource based on the plurality of parameters.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a transmitter device, cause the transmitter device to: receive a request to transmit a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource; and transmit one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, a hopping pattern of the plurality of hops over the plurality of slots configured by a plurality of parameters, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a receiver device, cause the receiver device to: receive, from a network entity, a plurality of parameters defining a hopping pattern for a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource transmitted by a transmitter device, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop; and measure one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource based on the plurality of parameters.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS.2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate example wireless network structures, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS.2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate example wireless network structures, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), a base station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured to support communications as taught herein.
  • FIG.4 illustrates examples of various positioning methods supported in New Radio (NR), according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example frame structure, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for the PRS transmissions of a given base station, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • FIG. 7A and 7B illustrate various comb patterns supported for downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) within a resource block, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • DL-PRS downlink positioning reference signal
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the overlapping bandwidth between hops, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG.9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the switching gap between hops, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example multi-slot PRS resource pattern, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate example methods of wireless communication, according to aspects of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0026] Aspects of the disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings directed to various examples provided for illustration purposes.
  • a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset locating device, wearable (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, 6 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • RAT radio access technology
  • a UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN).
  • RAN radio access network
  • the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a “wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a “subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or “UT,” a “mobile device,” a “mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” or variations thereof.
  • UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs.
  • external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • a base station may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc.
  • AP access point
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • ng-eNB next generation eNB
  • NR New Radio
  • a base station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and/or signaling connections for the supported UEs.
  • a base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and/or network management functions.
  • a communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.).
  • a communication link through which the base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.).
  • DL downlink
  • forward link channel e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.
  • traffic channel can refer to either an uplink / reverse or downlink / forward traffic channel.
  • the term “base station” may refer to a single physical transmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located.
  • the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. 7 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 8 Where the term “base station” refers to co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming) of the base station.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station).
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • RRH remote radio head
  • the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals the UE is measuring.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a base station may not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data, voice, and/or signaling connections for UEs), but may instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and/or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs.
  • a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to UEs) and/or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from UEs).
  • An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver.
  • a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver.
  • the receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels.
  • the same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal.
  • an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from the context that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.
  • FIG.1 illustrates an example wireless communications system 100, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include various base stations 102 (labeled “BS”) and various UEs 104.
  • the base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and/or small cell base stations (low power 8 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 9 cellular base stations).
  • the cell base stations may include eNBs and/or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.
  • the base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)).
  • the location server(s) 172 may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170.
  • a location server 172 may be integrated with a base station 102.
  • a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 directly or indirectly.
  • a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 via the base station 102 that is currently serving that UE 104.
  • a UE 104 may also communicate with a location server 172 through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), via another network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), and so on.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • AP access point
  • communication between a UE 104 and a location server 172 may be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through the core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128), with the intervening nodes (if any) omitted from a signaling diagram for clarity.
  • the base stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages.
  • the base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC / 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless.
  • the base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage 9 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 10 area 110. In an aspect, one or more cells be supported by a base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110.
  • a “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), an enhanced cell identifier (ECI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI), etc.) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or a different carrier frequency.
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • ECI enhanced cell identifier
  • VCI virtual cell identifier
  • CGI cell global identifier
  • different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access for different types of UEs.
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • NB-IoT narrowband IoT
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • the term “cell” may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context.
  • the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be used interchangeably.
  • the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector), insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.
  • a base station e.g., a sector
  • a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.
  • While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas 110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region), some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110.
  • a small cell base station 102' (labeled “SC” for “small cell”) may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102.
  • a network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network.
  • a heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).
  • HeNBs home eNBs
  • CSG closed subscriber group
  • the communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104.
  • the communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity.
  • the communication links 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of 10 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 11 carriers may be asymmetric with to downlink and uplink (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink).
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz).
  • WLAN STAs 152 and/or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • LBT listen before talk
  • the small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensed frequency spectrum.
  • the small cell base station 102' When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150.
  • NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U.
  • LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MulteFire.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182.
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • EHF Extremely high frequency
  • EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as a millimeter wave.
  • Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters.
  • the super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW/near mmW radio frequency band have high path loss and a relatively short range.
  • the mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and/or receive) over a mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed to limit the various aspects disclosed herein. 11 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 12 [0044] Transmit beamforming is a technique an RF signal in a specific direction.
  • a network node e.g., a base station
  • transmit beamforming the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal for the receiving device(s).
  • a network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that are broadcasting the RF signal.
  • a network node may use an array of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or an “antenna array”) that creates a beam of RF waves that can be “steered” to point in different directions, without actually moving the antennas.
  • the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase the radiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiation in undesired directions.
  • Transmit beams may be quasi-co-located, meaning that they appear to the receiver (e.g., a UE) as having the same parameters, regardless of whether or not the transmitting antennas of the network node themselves are physically co-located.
  • a QCL relation of a given type means that certain parameters about a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived from information about a source reference RF signal on a source beam.
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
  • the source reference RF signal is QCL Type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receive parameter of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. 12 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 13 [0046]
  • receive beamforming the receiver receive beam to amplify RF signals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver can increase the gain setting and/or adjust the phase setting of an array of antennas in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., to increase the gain level of) the RF signals received from that direction.
  • a receiver when a receiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signals received from that direction.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • SINR signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio
  • Transmit and receive beams may be spatially related.
  • a spatial relation means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit or receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information about a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a first reference signal.
  • a UE may use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station.
  • the UE can then form a transmit beam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.
  • a “downlink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it.
  • the downlink beam is a transmit beam. If the UE is forming the downlink beam, however, it is a receive beam to receive the downlink reference signal.
  • an “uplink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink receive beam, and if a UE is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.
  • the electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency/wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc.
  • FR1 frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz – 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to 13 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2302003WO 14 FR2 which is often referred to as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz – 300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • ITU International Telecommunications Union
  • the frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies.
  • Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies.
  • FR4a or FR4-1 52.6 GHz – 71 GHz
  • FR4 52.6 GHz – 114.25 GHz
  • FR5 114.25 GHz – 300 GHz
  • each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
  • sub-6 GHz or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies.
  • millimeter wave or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.
  • the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104/182 and the cell in which the UE 104/182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels, and may be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case).
  • a secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used 14 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 15 to provide additional radio resources.
  • the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency.
  • the secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific.
  • UEs 104/182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers.
  • the same is true for the uplink primary carriers.
  • the network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104/182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers.
  • a “serving cell” (whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency / component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the term “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” and the like can be used interchangeably. [0053] For example, still referring to FIG.
  • one of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or “PCell”) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 and/or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers (“SCells”).
  • PCell anchor carrier
  • SCells secondary carriers
  • the simultaneous transmission and/or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104/182 to significantly increase its data transmission and/or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to a two-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz), compared to that attained by a single 20 MHz carrier.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 120 and/or the mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link 184.
  • the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.
  • the UE 164 and the UE 182 may be capable of sidelink communication.
  • Sidelink-capable UEs (SL-UEs) may communicate with base stations 102 over communication links 120 using the Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between a UE and a base station).
  • SL-UEs may also communicate directly with each other over a wireless sidelink 160 using the PC5 interface (i.e., the air interface between sidelink-capable UEs).
  • a wireless sidelink (or just “sidelink”) is an adaptation of the core cellular (e.g., LTE, NR) standard that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without the communication needing to go through a base station.
  • Sidelink 15 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2302003WO 16 communication may be unicast or and may be used for device-to-device (D2D) media-sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, etc.), emergency rescue applications, etc.
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • cV2X cellular V2X
  • eV2X enhanced V2X
  • One or more of a group of SL- UEs utilizing sidelink communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102.
  • Other SL-UEs in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102 or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 102.
  • groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each SL-UE transmits to every other SL-UE in the group.
  • a base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communications.
  • sidelink communications are carried out between SL-UEs without the involvement of a base station 102.
  • the sidelink 160 may operate over a wireless communication medium of interest, which may be shared with other wireless communications between other vehicles and/or infrastructure access points, as well as other RATs.
  • a “medium” may be composed of one or more time, frequency, and/or space communication resources (e.g., encompassing one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs.
  • the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of an unlicensed frequency band shared among various RATs.
  • any of the illustrated UEs may be SL-UEs.
  • UE 182 was 16 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 17 described as being capable of any of the illustrated UEs, including UE 164, may be capable of beamforming.
  • SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, they may beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other SL-UEs), towards other UEs (e.g., UEs 104), towards base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 180, small cell 102’, access point 150), etc.
  • UEs 164 and 182 may utilize beamforming over sidelink 160.
  • any of the illustrated UEs may receive signals 124 from one or more Earth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites).
  • SVs Earth orbiting space vehicles
  • the SVs 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that a UE 104 can use as an independent source of location information.
  • a satellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters (e.g., SVs 112) positioned to enable receivers (e.g., UEs 104) to determine their location on or above the Earth based, at least in part, on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from the transmitters.
  • a transmitter typically transmits a signal marked with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set number of chips.
  • PN pseudo-random noise
  • transmitters While typically located in SVs 112, transmitters may sometimes be located on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and/or other UEs 104.
  • a UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive signals 124 for deriving geo location information from the SVs 112.
  • an SBAS may include an augmentation system(s) that provides integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multi- functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN), and/or the like.
  • WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
  • GNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
  • MSAS Multi- functional Satellite Augmentation System
  • GPS Global Positioning System Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system
  • GAGAN Geo Augmented Navigation system
  • a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and/or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or more satellite positioning systems.
  • SVs 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more non- terrestrial networks (NTNs).
  • NTN non- terrestrial networks
  • an SV 112 is connected to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn is connected to 17 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 18 an element in a 5G network, such as a base station 102 (without a terrestrial antenna) or a network node in a 5GC.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks”).
  • D2D device-to-device
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity).
  • the D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, and so on.
  • FIG.2A illustrates an example wireless network structure 200.
  • a 5GC 210 (also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be viewed functionally as control plane (C-plane) functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212, (e.g., UE gateway function, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.) which operate cooperatively to form the core network.
  • C-plane control plane
  • U-plane user plane
  • User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210 and specifically to the user plane functions 212 and control plane functions 214, respectively.
  • an ng-eNB 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to the control plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212. Further, ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223.
  • a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein). 18 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • location server 230 may be in communication with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance for UE(s) 204.
  • the location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • the location server 230 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated).
  • FIG.2B illustrates another example wireless network structure 240.
  • a 5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in FIG. 2A) can be viewed functionally as control plane functions, provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, and user plane functions, provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate cooperatively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260).
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • the functions of the AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF).
  • the AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and the UE 204, and receives the intermediate key that was established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process.
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • the AMF 264 retrieves the security material from the AUSF.
  • the functions of the AMF 264 also include security context management (SCM).
  • SCM receives a key from the SEAF that it uses to derive access-network specific keys.
  • the functionality of the AMF 264 also includes location services management for regulatory services, transport for location services messages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270 (which acts as a 19 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • LMF location management function
  • No.2302003WO 20 location server 230 transport for messages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE 204 mobility event notification.
  • EPS evolved packet system
  • the AMF 264 also supports functionalities for non-3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) access networks.
  • Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point for intra-/inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink/ downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding of one or more “end markers” to the source RAN node.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the UPF 262 may also support transfer of location services messages over a user plane between the UE 204 and a location server, such as an SLP 272.
  • the functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF 262 to route traffic to the proper destination, control of part of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the interface over which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 is referred to as the N11 interface.
  • Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which may be in communication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs 204.
  • the LMF 270 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • the LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated).
  • the SLP 272 may support similar functions to the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270 may communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over a 20 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • the SLP 272 may communicate with UEs 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) over a user plane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and/or data like the transmission control protocol (TCP) and/or IP).
  • a third-party server 274 may be in communication with the LMF 270, the SLP 272, the 5GC 260 (e.g., via the AMF 264 and/or the UPF 262), the NG-RAN 220, and/or the UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., a location estimate) for the UE 204.
  • the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a location services (LCS) client or an external client.
  • the third- party server 274 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC 260, and specifically the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one or more gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220.
  • the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the AMF 264 is referred to as the “N2” interface
  • the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface
  • the gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicate directly with each other via backhaul connections 223, referred to as the “Xn-C” interface.
  • One or more of gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface, referred to as the “Uu” interface.
  • a gNB 222 may be divided between a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228, and one or more gNB radio units (gNB-RUs) 229.
  • gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes the base station functions of transferring user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, and the like, except for those functions allocated exclusively to the gNB-DU(s) 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 generally host the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • SDAP service data adaptation protocol
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • a gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that generally hosts the radio link control (RLC) and medium access control (MAC) layer of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226.
  • One gNB-DU 228 can 21 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 22 support one or more cells, and one cell supported by only one gNB-DU 228.
  • the interface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 is referred to as the “F1” interface.
  • the physical (PHY) layer functionality of a gNB 222 is generally hosted by one or more standalone gNB-RUs 229 that perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission/reception.
  • a UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with a gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with a gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.
  • Deployment of communication systems such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts.
  • a network node In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station, or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture.
  • a base station such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base station, 5G NB, access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP), or a cell, etc.
  • NB Node B
  • eNB evolved NB
  • 5G NB access point
  • AP access point
  • TRP transmit receive point
  • a cell etc.
  • an aggregated base station also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station
  • disaggregated base station also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station
  • An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node.
  • a disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).
  • CUs central or centralized units
  • DUs distributed units
  • RUs radio units
  • a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes.
  • the DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs.
  • Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).
  • VCU virtual central unit
  • VDU virtual distributed unit
  • VRU virtual radio unit
  • Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality.
  • disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized 22 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 23 radio access network (vRAN, also as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)).
  • IAB integrated access backhaul
  • O-RAN open radio access network
  • vRAN virtualized 22 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 23 radio access network
  • C-RAN cloud radio access network
  • Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design.
  • the various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
  • FIG.2C illustrates an example disaggregated base station architecture 250, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the disaggregated base station architecture 250 may include one or more central units (CUs) 280 (e.g., gNB-CU 226) that can communicate directly with a core network 267 (e.g., 5GC 210, 5GC 260) via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 267 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 259 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 257 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 255, or both).
  • CUs central units
  • a CU 280 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 285 (e.g., gNB-DUs 228) via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface.
  • the DUs 285 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 287 (e.g., gNB-RUs 229) via respective fronthaul links.
  • the RUs 287 may communicate with respective UEs 204 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the UE 204 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 287.
  • Each of the units may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
  • Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium.
  • the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • a wireless interface which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the CU 280 may host more higher layer control functions.
  • control functions can include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • SDAP service data adaptation protocol
  • Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 280.
  • the CU 280 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit – User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit – Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof.
  • CU-UP Central Unit – User Plane
  • CU-CP Central Unit – Control Plane
  • the CU 280 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units.
  • the CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration.
  • the CU 280 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 285, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
  • the DU 285 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 287.
  • the DU 285 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
  • the DU 285 may further host one or more low PHY layers.
  • Each layer can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 285, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 280.
  • Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 287.
  • an RU 287, controlled by a DU 285, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split.
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • iFFT inverse FFT
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the RU(s) 287 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 204.
  • OTA over the air
  • real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 287 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 285.
  • this configuration can enable the DU(s) 285 24 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 25 and the CU 280 to be implemented in a based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
  • the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements.
  • the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface).
  • the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 269) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface).
  • a cloud computing platform such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 269
  • network element life cycle management such as to instantiate virtualized network elements
  • cloud computing platform interface such as an O2 interface
  • Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 280, DUs 285, RUs 287 and Near-RT RICs 259.
  • the SMO Framework 255 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 261, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 255 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 287 via an O1 interface.
  • the SMO Framework 255 also may include a Non-RT RIC 257 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 255. [0080]
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non- real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC 259.
  • AI/ML Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 259.
  • the Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 280, one or more DUs 285, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 259.
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers.
  • Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 259 and may be received at the SMO Framework 255 or the Non-RT RIC 257 from non-network 25 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 26 data sources or from network functions.
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 or the Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance.
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 255 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).
  • 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and a network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260 infrastructure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as a private network) to support the operations described herein.
  • a UE 302 which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein
  • a base station 304 which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein
  • a network entity 306 which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220 and/or 5GC
  • these components may be implemented in different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC), etc.).
  • the illustrated components may also be incorporated into other apparatuses in a communication system.
  • other apparatuses in a system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality.
  • a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components.
  • an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components that enable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and/or communicate via different technologies.
  • the UE 302 and the base station 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTE network, a GSM network, and/or the like.
  • WWAN wireless wide area network
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time/frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum).
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and 26 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2302003WO 27 encoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT.
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.
  • the UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include, at least in some cases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), ultra-wideband (UWB), etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest.
  • RAT e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, dedicated
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth® transceivers, Zigbee® and/or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.
  • the UE 302 and the base station 304 also include, at least in some cases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370.
  • the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving 27 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi- Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • GLONASS global navigation satellite system
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and/or user data) originating from a 5G network.
  • the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may comprise any suitable hardware and/or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.
  • the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and, at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations of the UE 302 and the base station 304, respectively, using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.
  • the base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.) with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306).
  • the base station 304 may employ the one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links.
  • the network entity 306 may employ the one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base station 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or with other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.
  • a transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wireless link.
  • a transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362).
  • a transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodying transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in some implementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry and separate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodied in other ways in other implementations.
  • the transmitter circuitry and 28 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 29 receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports.
  • Wireless transmitter circuitry may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein.
  • wireless receiver circuitry e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362
  • the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respective apparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at the same time.
  • a wireless transceiver e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360
  • NLM network listen module
  • the various wireless transceivers e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • wired transceivers e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • a transceiver at least one transceiver
  • wired transceivers e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • backhaul communication between network devices or servers will generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver
  • wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will generally relate to signaling via a wireless transceiver.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations as disclosed herein.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality.
  • the processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, 29 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 30 means for indicating, etc.
  • 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry, or various combinations thereof.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include memory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device), respectively, for maintaining information (e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, and so on).
  • the memories 340, 386, and 396 may therefore provide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining, etc.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may include positioning component 342, 388, and 398, respectively.
  • the positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, the positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may be external to the processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.).
  • the positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in the memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the positioning component 342, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG.3B illustrates possible locations of the positioning component 388, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG.3C illustrates possible locations of the positioning component 398, which may be, for example, part of the one or more network transceivers 390, the memory 396, the one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • the UE 302 may include one or more 344 coupled to the one or more processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movement and/or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and/or the satellite signal receiver 330.
  • the senor(s) 344 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter), and/or any other type of movement detection sensor.
  • the sensor(s) 344 may include a plurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs in order to provide motion information.
  • the sensor(s) 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensors to provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D) and/or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.
  • the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to a user and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).
  • a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to a user and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).
  • the base station 304 and the network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.
  • IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to the processor 384.
  • the one or more processors 384 may implement functionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer.
  • the one or more processors 384 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks (SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting;
  • PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions;
  • RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data 31 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • the transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • Layer-1 which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • the transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)).
  • BPSK binary phase-shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying
  • M-PSK M-phase-shift keying
  • M-QAM M-quadrature amplitude modulation
  • the coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams.
  • Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream.
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
  • Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing.
  • the channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302.
  • Each spatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas 356.
  • the transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 316.
  • the receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 332.
  • the transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer-1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • the receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302.
  • multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 302, they may be combined by the receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream.
  • the receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the 32 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 33 frequency domain using a fast Fourier (FFT).
  • FFT fast Fourier
  • the frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal.
  • the symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channel estimator.
  • the soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 304 on the physical channel.
  • the data and control signals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, which implements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.
  • L3 Layer-3
  • L2 Layer-2
  • the one or more processors 332 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network.
  • the one or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.
  • the one or more processors 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
  • RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting
  • Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used by the transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing.
  • the spatial streams generated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s) 316.
  • the transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • 33 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 34 [0099]
  • the uplink transmission is processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 302.
  • the receiver 352 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 356.
  • the receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 384.
  • the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 302. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may be provided to the core network.
  • the one or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and/or the network entity 306 are shown in FIGS.3A, 3B, and 3C as including various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustrated components may have different functionality in different designs. In particular, various components in FIGS.
  • 3A to 3C are optional in alternative configurations and the various aspects include configurations that may vary due to design choice, costs, use of the device, or other considerations.
  • a particular implementation of UE 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 310 (e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or PC or laptop may have Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth capability without cellular capability), or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit the sensor(s) 344, and so on.
  • the WWAN transceiver(s) 310 e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or PC or laptop may have Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth capability without cellular capability
  • the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 320 e.g., cellular-only, etc.
  • satellite signal receiver 330 e.g., cellular-only, etc
  • a particular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability), or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 370, and so on.
  • WWAN transceiver(s) 350 e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability
  • the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 e.g., cellular-only, etc.
  • satellite signal receiver 370 e.g., satellite signal receiver
  • the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may form, or be part of, a communication interface of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306, respectively.
  • the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may provide communication between them.
  • FIGS.3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS.
  • 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in one or more circuits such as, for example, one or more processors and/or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors).
  • each circuit may use and/or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide this functionality.
  • some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the UE 302 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components).
  • some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the base station 304 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components).
  • blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the network entity 306 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components).
  • processor and memory component(s) of the network entity 306 e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components.
  • various operations, acts, and/or functions are described herein as being performed “by a UE,” “by a base station,” “by a network entity,” etc.
  • the network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may be distinct from a network operator or operation of the cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260).
  • the network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that may be configured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 or independently from the base station 304 (e.g., over a non-cellular communication link, such as WiFi).
  • the UE 302 illustrated in FIG.3A may represent a “low-tier” UE or a “premium” UE. As described further below, while low-tier and premium UEs may have the same 35 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • NR supports a number of cellular network-based positioning technologies, including downlink-based, uplink-based, and downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and downlink angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) in NR.
  • OTDOA observed time difference of arrival
  • DL-TDOA downlink time difference of arrival
  • DL-AoD downlink angle-of-departure
  • a UE measures the differences between the times of arrival (ToAs) of reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) received from pairs of base stations, referred to as reference signal time difference (RSTD) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, and reports them to a positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives the identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiple non-reference base stations in assistance data. The UE then measures the RSTD between the reference base station and each of the non-reference base stations.
  • ToAs times of arrival
  • PRS positioning reference signals
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • TDOA time difference of arrival
  • the positioning entity e.g., the UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning
  • the positioning entity uses a measurement report from the UE of received signal strength measurements of multiple downlink transmit beams to determine the angle(s) between the UE and the transmitting base station(s). The positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE based on the determined angle(s) and the known location(s) of the transmitting base station(s).
  • Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA).
  • UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA, but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)) transmitted by the UE to multiple base stations.
  • uplink reference signals e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)
  • SRS sounding reference signals
  • a UE transmits one or more uplink reference signals that are measured by a reference base station and a plurality of non-reference base stations.
  • Each base station then reports the reception time (referred to as the relative time of arrival (RTOA)) of the reference signal(s) to a positioning entity (e.g., a location 36 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • RTOA relative time of arrival
  • No.2302003WO 37 server that knows the locations and timing of the involved base stations. Based on the reception-to-reception (Rx-Rx) time difference between the reported RTOA of the reference base station and the reported RTOA of each non-reference base station, the known locations of the base stations, and their known timing offsets, the positioning entity can estimate the location of the UE using TDOA.
  • Rx-Rx reception-to-reception
  • the positioning entity can estimate the location of the UE using TDOA.
  • one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from a UE on one or more uplink receive beams.
  • the positioning entity uses the signal strength measurements and the angle(s) of the receive beam(s) to determine the angle(s) between the UE and the base station(s).
  • Downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods include enhanced cell-ID (E-CID) positioning and multi-round-trip-time (RTT) positioning (also referred to as “multi-cell RTT” and “multi-RTT”).
  • E-CID enhanced cell-ID
  • RTT multi-round-trip-time
  • a first entity e.g., a base station or a UE transmits a first RTT-related signal (e.g., a PRS or SRS) to a second entity (e.g., a UE or base station), which transmits a second RTT-related signal (e.g., an SRS or PRS) back to the first entity.
  • a first RTT-related signal e.g., a PRS or SRS
  • a second entity e.g., a UE or base station
  • a second RTT-related signal e.g., an SRS or PRS
  • Each entity measures the time difference between the time of arrival (ToA) of the received RTT-related signal and the transmission time of the transmitted RTT-related signal. This time difference is referred to as a reception-to-transmission (Rx- Tx) time difference.
  • the Rx-Tx time difference measurement may be made, or may be adjusted, to include only a time difference between nearest slot boundaries for the received and transmitted signals. Both entities may then send their Rx-Tx time difference measurement to a location server (e.g., an LMF 270), which calculates the round trip propagation time (i.e., RTT) between the two entities from the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., as the sum of the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements). Alternatively, one entity may send its Rx-Tx time difference measurement to the other entity, which then calculates the RTT. The distance between the two entities can be determined from the RTT and the known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light).
  • a location server e.g., an LMF 270
  • RTT round trip propagation time
  • the distance between the two entities can be determined from the RTT and the known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light).
  • a first entity e.g., a UE or base station
  • performs an RTT positioning procedure with multiple second entities e.g., multiple base stations or UEs
  • the location of the first entity e.g., using multilateration
  • RTT and multi-RTT methods can be with other positioning techniques, such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improve location accuracy, as illustrated by scenario 440.
  • the E-CID positioning method is based on radio resource management (RRM) measurements.
  • RRM radio resource management
  • the UE reports the serving cell ID, the timing advance (TA), and the identifiers, estimated timing, and signal strength of detected neighbor base stations. The location of the UE is then estimated based on this information and the known locations of the base station(s).
  • a location server e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272 may provide assistance data to the UE.
  • the assistance data may include identifiers of the base stations (or the cells/TRPs of the base stations) from which to measure reference signals, the reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., the number of consecutive slots including PRS, periodicity of the consecutive slots including PRS, muting sequence, frequency hopping sequence, reference signal identifier, reference signal bandwidth, etc.), and/or other parameters applicable to the particular positioning method.
  • the assistance data may originate directly from the base stations themselves (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overhead messages, etc.).
  • the UE may be able to detect neighbor network nodes itself without the use of assistance data.
  • the assistance data may further include an expected RSTD value and an associated uncertainty, or search window, around the expected RSTD.
  • the value range of the expected RSTD may be +/- 500 microseconds ( ⁇ s).
  • the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be +/- 32 ⁇ s.
  • the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be +/- 8 ⁇ s.
  • a location estimate may be referred to by other names, such as a position estimate, location, position, position fix, fix, or the like.
  • a location estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) or may be civic and comprise a street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of a location.
  • a location estimate may further be defined relative to some other known location or defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude).
  • a location estimate may include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or 38 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 39 volume within which the location is to be included with some specified or default level of confidence).
  • FIG.5 is a diagram 500 illustrating an example frame structure, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the frame structure may be a downlink or uplink frame structure.
  • Other wireless communications technologies may have different frame structures and/or different channels.
  • LTE, and in some cases NR utilizes orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. Unlike LTE, however, NR has an option to use OFDM on the uplink as well.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
  • SC-FDM single-carrier frequency division multiplexing
  • OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc.
  • K orthogonal subcarriers
  • Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.
  • modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM.
  • the spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system bandwidth.
  • the spacing of the subcarriers may be 15 kilohertz (kHz) and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) may be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz).
  • the nominal fast Fourier transform (FFT) size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively.
  • the system bandwidth may also be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, respectively.
  • LTE supports a single numerology (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.).
  • ⁇ subcarrier spacing
  • there is one slot per subframe 10 slots per frame
  • the slot duration is 1 millisecond (ms)
  • the symbol duration is 66.7 microseconds ( ⁇ s)
  • the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 50.
  • For 120 kHz SCS ( ⁇ 3), there are eight slots per subframe, 80 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.125 ms, the symbol duration is 8.33 ⁇ s, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 400.
  • For 240 kHz SCS ( ⁇ 4), there are 16 slots per subframe, 160 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.0625 ms, the symbol duration is 4.17 ⁇ s, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 800.
  • a numerology of 15 kHz is used.
  • a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized subframes of 1 ms each, and each subframe includes one time slot.
  • time is represented horizontally (on the X axis) with time increasing from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y axis) with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.
  • a resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each time slot including one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain.
  • RBs time-concurrent resource blocks
  • PRBs physical RBs
  • the resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs).
  • An RE may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain.
  • an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and seven consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs.
  • an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and six consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs.
  • the number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
  • Some of the REs may carry reference (pilot) signals (RS).
  • the reference signals may include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), sounding reference signals (SRS), etc., depending on whether the illustrated frame structure is used for uplink or downlink communication.
  • FIG.5 illustrates example locations of REs carrying a reference signal (labeled “R”).
  • R reference signal
  • a collection of resource elements (REs) that are used for transmission of PRS is referred to as a “PRS resource.”
  • the collection of resource elements can span multiple PRBs in 40 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2302003WO 41 the frequency domain and ‘N’ (such as 1 more) consecutive symbol(s) within a slot in the time domain.
  • a PRS resource occupies consecutive PRBs in the frequency domain.
  • the transmission of a PRS resource within a given PRB has a particular comb size (also referred to as the “comb density”).
  • a comb size ‘N’ represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency/tone spacing) within each symbol of a PRS resource configuration. Specifically, for a comb size ‘N,’ PRS are transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of a symbol of a PRB.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example PRS resource configuration for comb-4 (which spans four symbols). That is, the locations of the shaded REs (labeled “R”) indicate a comb-4 PRS resource configuration.
  • a DL-PRS resource may span 2, 4, 6, or 12 consecutive symbols within a slot with a fully frequency-domain staggered pattern.
  • a DL-PRS resource can be configured in any higher layer configured downlink or flexible (FL) symbol of a slot.
  • ERE energy per resource element
  • 2-symbol comb-2 ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ ; 4-symbol comb-2: ⁇ 0, 1, 0, 1 ⁇ ; 6-symbol comb-2: ⁇ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ⁇ ; 12-symbol comb-2: ⁇ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ⁇ ; 4-symbol comb-4: ⁇ 0, 2, 1, 3 ⁇ (as in the example of FIG.
  • a “PRS resource set” is a set of PRS resources used for the transmission of PRS signals, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. In addition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated with the same TRP.
  • a PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and is associated with a particular TRP (identified by a TRP ID).
  • the PRS resources in a PRS resource set have the same periodicity, a common muting pattern configuration, and the same repetition factor (such as “PRS- ResourceRepetitionFactor”) across slots.
  • the periodicity is the time from the first repetition of the first PRS resource of a first PRS instance to the same first repetition of 41 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 42 the same first PRS resource of the next instance.
  • the repetition factor may have a length selected from ⁇ 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 ⁇ slots.
  • each PRS resource of a PRS resource set may be transmitted on a different beam, and as such, a “PRS resource,” or simply “resource,” also can be referred to as a “beam.” Note that this does not have any implications on whether the TRPs and the beams on which PRS are transmitted are known to the UE.
  • a “PRS instance” or “PRS occasion” is one instance of a periodically repeated time window (such as a group of one or more consecutive slots) where PRS are expected to be transmitted.
  • a PRS occasion also may be referred to as a “PRS positioning occasion,” a “PRS positioning instance, a “positioning occasion,” “a positioning instance,” a “positioning repetition,” or simply an “occasion,” an “instance,” or a “repetition.”
  • a “positioning frequency layer” (also referred to simply as a “frequency layer”) is a collection of one or more PRS resource sets across one or more TRPs that have the same values for certain parameters.
  • the collection of PRS resource sets has the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning all numerologies supported for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) are also supported for PRS), the same Point A, the same value of the downlink PRS bandwidth, the same start PRB (and center frequency), and the same comb-size.
  • the Point A parameter takes the value of the parameter “ARFCN-ValueNR” (where “ARFCN” stands for “absolute radio-frequency channel number”) and is an identifier/code that specifies a pair of physical radio channel used for transmission and reception.
  • the downlink PRS bandwidth may have a granularity of four PRBs, with a minimum of 24 PRBs and a maximum of 272 PRBs.
  • a frequency layer is somewhat like the concept of component carriers and bandwidth parts (BWPs), but different in that component carriers and BWPs are used by one base station (or a macro cell base station and a small cell base station) to transmit data channels, while frequency layers are used by several (usually three or more) base 42 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 43 stations to transmit PRS.
  • a UE may the number of frequency layers it can support when it sends the network its positioning capabilities, such as during an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) session. For example, a UE may indicate whether it can support one or four positioning frequency layers.
  • LPP LTE positioning protocol
  • positioning reference signal generally refer to specific reference signals that are used for positioning in NR and LTE systems.
  • the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to, PRS as defined in LTE and NR, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc.
  • the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may refer to downlink, uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by the context.
  • a downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as a “DL-PRS”
  • an uplink positioning reference signal e.g., an SRS-for-positioning, PTRS
  • a sidelink positioning reference signal may be referred to as an “SL-PRS.”
  • the signals may be prepended with “DL,” “UL,” or “SL” to distinguish the direction.
  • FIG.6 is a diagram of an example PRS configuration 600 for the PRS transmissions of a given base station, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • time is represented horizontally, increasing from left to right.
  • Each long rectangle represents a slot and each short (shaded) rectangle represents an OFDM symbol.
  • a PRS resource set 610 (labeled “PRS resource set 1”) includes two PRS resources, a first PRS resource 612 (labeled “PRS resource 1”) and a second PRS resource 614 (labeled “PRS resource 2”).
  • the base station transmits PRS on the PRS resources 612 and 614 of the PRS resource set 610.
  • the PRS resource set 610 has an occasion length (N_PRS) of two slots and a periodicity (T_PRS) of, for example, 160 slots or 160 milliseconds (ms) (for 15 kHz subcarrier spacing).
  • N_PRS occasion length
  • T_PRS periodicity
  • both the PRS resources 612 and 614 are two consecutive slots in length and repeat every T_PRS slots, starting from the slot in which the first symbol of the respective PRS resource occurs.
  • the PRS resource 612 has a symbol length (N_symb) of two symbols
  • the PRS resource 614 has a symbol length 43 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 44 (N_symb) of four symbols.
  • the PRS resources 612 and 614 are repeated every T_PRS slots up to the muting sequence periodicity T_REP. As such, a bitmap of length T_REP would be needed to indicate which occasions of instances 620a, 620b, and 620c of PRS resource set 610 are muted (i.e., not transmitted).
  • the base station can configure the following parameters to be the same: (a) the occasion length (N_PRS), (b) the number of symbols (N_symb), (c) the comb type, and/or (d) the bandwidth.
  • N_PRS occasion length
  • N_symb number of symbols
  • comb type comb type
  • the bandwidth the bandwidth of the PRS resources of all PRS resource sets
  • the subcarrier spacing and the cyclic prefix can be configured to be the same for one base station or for all base stations.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate various comb patterns supported for DL-PRS within a resource block, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically.
  • Each large block in FIGS.7A and 7B represents a resource block and each small block represents a resource element.
  • a resource element consists of one symbol in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain.
  • each resource block comprises 14 symbols in the time domain and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • the shaded resource elements carry, or are scheduled to carry, DL- PRS.
  • the shaded resource elements in each resource block correspond to a PRS resource, or the portion of the PRS resource within one resource block (since a PRS resource can span multiple resource blocks in the frequency domain).
  • the illustrated comb patterns correspond to various DL-PRS comb patterns described above. Specifically, FIG.7A illustrates a DL-PRS comb pattern 710 for comb-2 with two symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 720 for comb-4 with four symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 730 for comb-6 with six symbols, and a DL-PRS comb pattern 740 for comb-12 with 12 symbols.
  • FIG. 7A illustrates a DL-PRS comb pattern 710 for comb-2 with two symbols
  • a DL-PRS comb pattern 730 for comb-6 with six symbols and a DL-PRS
  • FIG. 7B illustrates a DL-PRS comb pattern 750 for comb-2 with 12 44 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 45 symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 760 comb-4 with 12 symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 770 for comb-2 with six symbols, and a DL-PRS comb pattern 780 for comb-6 with 12 symbols.
  • the resource elements on which the DL-PRS are transmitted are staggered in the frequency domain such that there is only one such resource element per subcarrier over the configured number of symbols. For example, for DL-PRS comb pattern 720, there is only one resource element per subcarrier over the four symbols.
  • DL-PRS resource symbol offset (given by the parameter “DL-PRS- ResourceSymbolOffset”) from the first symbol of a resource block to the first symbol of the DL-PRS resource.
  • the offset is three symbols.
  • the offset is eight symbols.
  • the offset is two symbols.
  • the offset is two symbols.
  • a UE would need to have higher capabilities to measure the DL- PRS comb pattern 710 than to measure the DL-PRS comb pattern 720, as the UE would have to measure resource elements on twice as many subcarriers per symbol for DL-PRS comb pattern 710 as for DL-PRS comb pattern 720.
  • a UE would need to have higher capabilities to measure the DL-PRS comb pattern 730 than to measure the DL- PRS comb pattern 740, as the UE will have to measure resource elements on twice as many subcarriers per symbol for DL-PRS comb pattern 730 as for DL-PRS comb pattern 740.
  • UEs may be classified as “reduced capacity” (RedCap) UEs (e.g., wearables, such as smart watches, glasses, rings, etc.) and premium UEs (e.g., smartphones, tablet computers, laptop computers, etc.).
  • RedCap reduced capacity
  • RedCap UEs may alternatively be referred to as low- tier UEs, NR light UEs, light UEs, NR super light UEs, or super light UEs.
  • Premium UEs may alternatively be referred to as full-capability UEs or simply UEs.
  • RedCap UEs generally have lower baseband processing capability, fewer antennas (e.g., one receiver antenna as baseline in FR1 or FR2, two receiver antennas optionally), lower operational 45 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2302003WO 46 bandwidth capabilities e.g., 20 MHz with no supplemental uplink or carrier aggregation, or 50 or 100 MHz for FR2
  • bandwidth capabilities e.g., 20 MHz with no supplemental uplink or carrier aggregation, or 50 or 100 MHz for FR2
  • HD- FDD half duplex frequency division duplex
  • HARQ buffer smaller HARQ buffer
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • restricted modulation e.g., 64 QAM for downlink and 16 QAM for uplink
  • relaxed processing timeline requirements compared to premium UEs.
  • Different UE tiers can be differentiated by UE category and/or by UE capability.
  • certain types of UEs may be assigned a classification (e.g., by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM), the applicable wireless communications standards, or the like) of “RedCap” and other types of UEs may be assigned a classification of “premium.” Certain tiers of UEs may also report their type (e.g., “RedCap” or “premium”) to the network. Additionally, certain resources and/or channels may be dedicated to certain types of UEs. [0140] As will be appreciated, the accuracy of RedCap UE positioning may be limited.
  • a RedCap UE may operate on a reduced bandwidth, such as 5 to 20 MHz for wearable devices and “relaxed” IoT devices (i.e., IoT devices with relaxed, or lower, capability parameters, such as lower throughput, relaxed delay requirements, lower energy consumption, etc.), which results in lower positioning accuracy.
  • a RedCap UE’s receive processing capability may be limited due to its lower cost RF/baseband. As such, the reliability of measurements and positioning computations would be reduced.
  • such a RedCap UE may not be able to receive multiple PRS from multiple TRPs, further reducing positioning accuracy.
  • the transmit power of a RedCap UE may be reduced, meaning there would be a lower quality of uplink measurements for RedCap UE positioning.
  • Premium UEs generally have a larger form factor and are costlier than RedCap UEs, and have more features and capabilities than RedCap UEs.
  • a premium UE may operate on the full PRS bandwidth, such as 100 MHz, and measure PRS from more TRPs than RedCap UEs, both of which result in higher positioning accuracy.
  • a premium UE’s receive processing capability may be higher (e.g., faster) due to its higher-capability RF/baseband.
  • the transmit power of a premium UE may be higher than that of a RedCap UE. As such, the reliability of measurements and positioning computations would be increased. 46 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 47 [0142] It has been agreed to introduce PRS hopping for RedCap UEs. Potential enhancement of DL-PRS are being studied to enable transmit or receive frequency hopping, including but not limited to the impact on processing capability, the hopping bandwidth in the positioning frequency layer, the time gap between frequency hopping, the measurement period, and partial overlapping between hops.
  • a signal e.g., a DL-PRS
  • a TRP may continuously transmit a comb-12/12-symbol PRS resource in each of the 272 PRBs of the PRS bandwidth.
  • a UE can then measure different portions (e.g., different symbols) of the PRS resource in different subsets of the 272 PRBs (optionally over the span of multiple slots).
  • a measured subset of contiguous PRBs in the frequency domain is referred to as a “hop,” and the UE “stitches” together the measurement of the PRS resource in each subset of PRBs (i.e., each hop) to determine a final measurement of the PRS resource.
  • the value of the gap between two consecutive hops may be at least from 100 microseconds ( ⁇ s) to 5 milliseconds (ms). It is also recommended to support PRS frequency hopping and SRS frequency hopping for the positioning of RedCap UEs. The complexity of the corresponding capabilities for RedCap UEs should be addressed for the introduction of appropriate capabilities for RedCap UEs.
  • Certain parameters for RedCap UE frequency hopping may be specified in the applicable wireless communications standard (e.g., a 3GPP standard). These parameters may include the maximum tolerable phase error, the timing gap, and the timing error between hops. These parameters may also include or depend on the type of positioning scenario, such as industrial IoT (IIoT), commercial, public safety, and V2X, as well as the UE capabilities. The standardized parameters may also include details regarding the transmit and/or receive hopping pattern(s), including frequency overlap between hops, if supported.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram 800 illustrating an example of the overlapping bandwidth between hops, according to aspects of the disclosure. Diagram 800 illustrates two 24-PRB PRS hops in the frequency domain.
  • Each PRS hop may span one or two symbols of the same 47 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 48 slot in the time domain.
  • FIG.9 is a 900 illustrating an example of the switching gap between hops, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • Diagram 900 illustrates two 24-PRB PRS hops in the frequency domain. Each PRS hop may span one or two symbols of the same slot in the time domain.
  • RedCap UEs support a 20-megahertz (MHz) bandwidth, while an NR component carrier can be up to 100 MHz. In that case, a RedCap UE may need five hops to cover the entire 100 MHz bandwidth of a component carrier.
  • the present disclosure defines a multi-slot PRS resource pattern that accommodates frequency hopping. This is in contrast to a conventional PRS resource pattern, which only spans one slot, as shown in the example comb patterns illustrated in FIGS.7A and 7B.
  • the multi-slot PRS resource pattern disclosed herein may be defined by the following parameters: (1) the start symbol offset N ⁇ , (2) the number of PRS resource symbols ⁇ ⁇ , (3) the number of hop symbols ⁇ ⁇ , and (4) the number of hops ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the start symbol offset parameter N ⁇ (also denoted “N_start”) only applies in the first slot of the multi-slot pattern and indicates the index of the first symbol of the multi-slot pattern within the first slot of the multi-slot pattern.
  • the number of PRS resource symbols parameter ⁇ ⁇ (also denoted “N_PRS”) indicates the number of consecutive symbols of the PRS resource within each hop. This parameter may also correspond to N_symb in FIG.6.
  • the number of hop symbols parameter ⁇ ⁇ (also denoted “N_hop-syms”) indicates the number of symbols permitted for the switching gap between hops (see, e.g., FIG. 9).
  • the number of hops parameter ⁇ ⁇ (also denoted “N_hops”) indicates the number of hops of the multi-slot pattern. [0150]
  • the total number of symbols spanned by the multi-slot pattern is equal to ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the number of slots for each PRS resource is equal to ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . This is one instance of the PRS resource (e.g., a 48 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • FIG.10 illustrates an example multi-slot PRS resource pattern 1000, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • each block represents a symbol in the time domain.
  • the symbols within each slot are numbered from “0” to “14.”
  • N ⁇ ⁇ 0, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3, and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 5.
  • the two PRS resource symbols may have any of the comb patterns illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B.
  • the comb pattern may continue in each hop (each five-symbol hop in the example of FIG.10) and then repeat as appropriate.
  • the first two PRS resource symbols of the multi-slot PRS resource pattern 1000 i.e., symbols “0” and “1” of slot “0”
  • the second two PRS resource symbols of the multi-slot PRS resource pattern 1000 i.e., symbols “5” and “6” of slot “0”
  • the third two PRS resource symbols of the multi-slot PRS resource pattern 1000 i.e., symbols “10” and “11” of slot “0”
  • the fourth two PRS resource symbols of the multi-slot PRS resource pattern 1000 i.e., symbols “1” and “2” of slot “1”
  • the transmitter device e.g., a base station or UE
  • the receiver would only the PRS symbols of each hop only within the bandwidth of that hop.
  • a “hop” may refer to a portion of bandwidth in the frequency domain (e.g., some set of PRBs as in the example of FIGS.8 and 9) or a grouping of one or more PRS symbols and one or more gap symbols in the time domain (e.g., a group of ⁇ P, P, H, H, H ⁇ symbols in FIG.10).
  • a slot offset parameter indicates the starting slot of a subsequent instance relative to a prior instance.
  • the next instance may not start at the slot boundary.
  • a symbol offset parameter may indicate the number of symbols between two instances or from the end of one instance to the start of the next instance.
  • instances of a PRS resource also referred to as “repetitions” may be grouped. In this case, the start location of the instances described above may be applicable to a subset of instances.
  • the first repetition may start at a slot boundary (e.g., as shown in FIG.10)
  • the second repetition may start at an intermediate point within a slot (e.g., at symbol “11” of slot “1” in FIG.10)
  • the third and fourth repetitions may follow the pattern of the first and second repetitions, and so on.
  • the first and second repetitions form a group and this group is repeated ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ times (where ⁇ ⁇ is the number of repetitions and ⁇ ⁇ is the number of groups).
  • muting patterns can be defined.
  • a muting pattern can be defined per instance (e.g., an entire instance would be muted) or per group of instances (e.g., an entire group of instances would be muted).
  • one or more symbols and/or hops of a multi-slot PRS resource instance may be muted.
  • the switching gap between two hops is the same (e.g., three symbols in FIG.10).
  • the gaps between hops could vary to create a more meaningful pattern. For example, if there are two PRS symbols per hop and six hops, the gap pattern may be ⁇ 4, 6, 4, 6, 4, 6 ⁇ .
  • the multi-slot pattern may be defined with a start offset, the number of PRS resource symbols of the first hop (e.g., ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ), the number of symbols of the first switching gap (e.g., ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ), the number of PRS resource symbols of the second hop (e.g., ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ), the number of symbols of the second switching gap (e.g., ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ), and so on depending on the number of hops and/or the number of groups of PRS resource symbols and/or switching gaps. For example, in the example above, there are three groups of ⁇ 4, 6 ⁇ switching gaps, and thus, only the first such pattern/group may need to be indicated.
  • the number of PRS resource symbols per hop is the same while the number of symbols of the switching gaps changes, but it could be that the number of PRS resource symbols changes per hop while the number of symbols of the switching gaps are the same.
  • the size of the hops may be non-uniform in the frequency domain. That is, some hops may have a different bandwidth than other hops.
  • the hopping pattern may 0 – 19 MHz, 18 – 38 MHz, 37 – 57 MHz, 56 – 76 MHz, 75 – 95 MHz, and 95 – 99 MHz (a hop of only 5 MHz).
  • one or more hops may be different in bandwidth than the other hops.
  • there may be a non-uniform overlap between hops. In this case, some hops may have a different amount of overlap.
  • a first hop to a second hop may have an overlap of one resource block
  • the second hop to a third hop may have an overlap of three resource blocks, and so on.
  • This technique can be used to ensure that the overall hops fit the defined PRS resource bandwidth more efficiently (i.e., with less unused bandwidth).
  • a single sequence may be generated for the entire bandwidth. In this case, each chunk of the entire bandwidth would be mapped onto one of the hops based on the resource blocks the hop occupies. If there is bandwidth overlap between 51 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 52 hops, then the sequence used in the portion is also the same as the corresponding portion of the entire bandwidth.
  • sequences may be generated for each hop within a PRS resource. In this case, these sequences depend on the symbol on which the ⁇ ⁇ hop starts. If there is bandwidth overlap between hops, then the sequence used in the overlapping portion would be different. In this option, the network may configure the hopping sequence generation. [0164] In an aspect, there may be a non-uniform pattern across PRS resources.
  • the multi-slot pattern may be (1) per-PRS resource (i.e., each PRS resource may have a different multi-slot pattern), (2) per-PRS resource set (i.e., all PRS resources within a PRS resource set have the same multi-slot pattern), (3) per-TRP (i.e., all PRS resources associated with the same TRP have the same multi-slot pattern), (4) per-TRP group (i.e., all PRS resources associated with the same group of TRPs have the same multi-slot pattern), or (5) per-frequency layer (i.e., all PRS resources within a positioning frequency layer have the same multi-slot pattern).
  • per-PRS resource i.e., each PRS resource may have a different multi-slot pattern
  • per-PRS resource set i.e., all PRS resources within a PRS resource set have the same multi-slot pattern
  • per-TRP i.e., all PRS resources associated with the same TRP have the same multi-slot
  • a first option if any one of the hops of a PRS resource collide (overlap) with one or more SSB symbols, the entire PRS resource is not transmitted (punctured).
  • a second option if any one of the hops of a PRS resource overlaps with one or more SSB symbols, only the colliding hop is dropped (punctured) and the remaining hops are transmitted. Alternatively, only the colliding symbols are dropped and the remaining symbols of the hop are transmitted.
  • a third option if there is no SSB collision in the frequency domain, then none of the hops are dropped.
  • a UE capability will indicate how to handle SSB collisions with a multi- slot hopping pattern.
  • the capability may indicate the UE’s capabilities for time domain overlaps, frequency domain overlaps, etc.
  • the techniques described above may necessitate the reporting of additional UE capabilities. These capabilities may include (1) the minimum gap between hops, (2) the maximum number of hops per PRS resource, (3) a parameter set ⁇ N, T ⁇ indicating the 52 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2302003WO 53 number of hopped PRS resources that can process in T ms, (4) hopping support in the RRC inactive state, and/or (5) hopping support with measurement gaps (or without measurement gaps but within a PRS processing window (PPW)).
  • uplink PRS e.g., SRS
  • SL-PRS transmissions e.g., SL-PRS transmissions.
  • the transmitter would signal the parameters of the multi-slot PRS resource hopping pattern described above to the receiver.
  • the location server may alternatively signal the pattern to the UE, rather than the base station transmitting the DL-PRS.
  • the location server may also signal the preferred multi-slot PRS resource pattern to the base station.
  • a CU e.g., CU 280
  • receives the PRS configuration e.g., from LMF 270
  • forwards that information to the DU e.g., DU 285
  • the DU then sends the baseband configuration to the RU (e.g., RU287) to perform the physical RF transmission.
  • the signaling may be via RRC (from the base station to the UE) or LPP (from the location server to the UE).
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example method 1100 of wireless communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • method 1100 may be performed by a transmitter device (e.g., any of the base stations or UEs described herein).
  • the transmitter device receives a request to transmit a multi-slot PRS resource.
  • operation 1110 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and/or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
  • operation 1110 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the one or more processors 384, memory 386, and/or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
  • the transmitter device transmits one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, a hopping pattern of the plurality of hops over the plurality of slots configured by a 53 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 54 plurality of parameters, the plurality of comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example method 1200 of wireless communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • method 1200 may be performed by a receiver device (e.g., any of the base stations or UEs described herein).
  • the receiver device receives, from a network entity, a plurality of parameters defining a hopping pattern for a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource transmitted by a transmitter device, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • operation 1210 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and/or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
  • operation 1210 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the one or more processors 384, memory 386, and/or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
  • the receiver device measures one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource based on the plurality of parameters. In an aspect, where the receiver device is 54 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • operation 1220 may be the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and/or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
  • operation 1220 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the one or more processors 384, memory 386, and/or positioning component 388, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
  • a technical advantage of the methods 1100 and 1200 is providing a multi-slot PRS resource that better accommodates frequency hopping, thereby improving positioning performance.
  • a method of wireless communication performed by a transmitter device comprising: receiving a request to transmit a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource; and transmitting one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, a hopping 55 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • No.2302003WO 56 pattern of the plurality of hops over the of slots configured by a plurality of parameters, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop.
  • the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource comprises at least a first group of repetitions and a second group of repetitions, each repetition of the first group of repetitions starts at a slot boundary, and each repetition of the second group of repetitions does not start at a slot boundary.
  • Clause 6 The method of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein a muting pattern for the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource is configured: per repetition, per group of repetitions, per hop of the plurality of hops, or per symbol of each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 8 The method of any of clauses 1 7, wherein at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different bandwidth than remaining hops of the plurality of hops. [0188] Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 1 to 8, wherein at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different amount of overlap in a frequency domain with a previous hop, a next hop, or both than remaining hops of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 10 The method of any of clauses 1 to 9, wherein: a single PRS sequence is generated for an entire bandwidth of the plurality of hops, and for each hop of the plurality of hops, a PRS sequence for the hop corresponds to a portion of the single PRS sequence corresponding to a bandwidth of the hop. [0190] Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 1 to 9, wherein a different PRS sequence is generated for each hop of the plurality of hops. [0191] Clause 12.
  • UE user equipment
  • the capability message includes parameters indicating: a minimum gap between hops, a maximum number of hops per multi-slot PRS resource, a number of hopped PRS resources the UE is capable of processing in a given number of milliseconds, whether hopping is supported in radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, whether hopping is supported with measurement gaps, whether hopping is supported without measurement gaps, or any combination thereof.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the transmitter device is: a base station and the multi-slot PRS resource is a downlink PRS resource, or a UE and the multi-slot PRS resource is a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource or a sidelink PRS resource.
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • Clause 18 The method of any of clauses 1 to 17, wherein: the request is received from a network entity, and the plurality of parameters is included in the request.
  • Clause 19 The method of clause 18, wherein: the network entity is a base station and the transmitter device is a UE, the network entity is a location server and the transmitter device is the base station, or the network entity is the location server and the transmitter device is the UE.
  • a method of wireless communication performed by a receiver device comprising: receiving, from a network entity, a plurality of parameters defining a hopping pattern for a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource transmitted by a transmitter device, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop; and measuring one or more repetitions of the multi- slot PRS resource based on the plurality of parameters.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • Clause 21 The method of clause 20, wherein: the number of PRS symbols indicated by the number of PRS symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, the number of symbols of the switching gap indicated by the number of hop symbols parameter is for 58 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 59 each hop of the plurality of hops, and the of parameters further includes a number of hops parameter indicating a number of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 22 The method of any of clauses 20 to 21, wherein: each repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource starts at a slot boundary, or at least one repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource does not start at a slot boundary.
  • Clause 23 The method of any of clauses 20 to 22, wherein the plurality of parameters comprises: a number of PRS symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops, and a number of hop symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 24 The method of any of clauses 20 to 23, wherein: at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different bandwidth than remaining hops of the plurality of hops, at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different amount of overlap in a frequency domain with a previous hop, a next hop, or both than remaining hops of the plurality of hops, or any combination thereof.
  • Clause 26 The method of any of clauses 24 to 25, wherein the capability message includes parameters indicating: a minimum gap between hops, a maximum number of hops per multi-slot PRS resource, a number of hopped PRS resources the receiver device is capable of processing in a given number of milliseconds, whether hopping is supported in radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, whether hopping is supported with measurement gaps, whether hopping is supported without measurement gaps, or any combination thereof.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the receiver device is a UE, the transmitter device is a base station, and the multi-slot PRS resource is a downlink PRS resource, the receiver device is a first UE, the transmitter device is a second UE, and the multi-slot PRS resource is a sidelink PRS resource, or the receiver device is a base station, the transmitter device is a UE, and the multi-slot PRS resource is a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource.
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • a transmitter device comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, a request to transmit a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource; and transmit, via the at least one transceiver, one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, a hopping pattern of the plurality of hops over the plurality of slots configured by a plurality of parameters, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • Clause 30 The transmitter device of clause 29, wherein: the number of PRS symbols indicated by the number of PRS symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, the number of symbols of the switching gap indicated by the number of hop symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, and the plurality of parameters further includes a number of hops parameter indicating a number of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 31 The transmitter device of any of clauses 29 to 30, wherein: each repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource starts at a slot boundary, and the start symbol of the first slot is a first occurring symbol of the first slot.
  • the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource comprises at least a first group of repetitions and a second group of repetitions, each repetition of the first group of repetitions starts at 60 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 61 a slot boundary, and each repetition of group of repetitions does not start at a slot boundary.
  • Clause 34 The transmitter device of any of clauses 29 to 33, wherein a muting pattern for the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource is configured: per repetition, per group of repetitions, per hop of the plurality of hops, or per symbol of each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • the transmitter device of any of clauses 29 to 34, wherein the plurality of parameters comprises: a number of PRS symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops, and a number of hop symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 36 The transmitter device of any of clauses 29 to 35, wherein at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different bandwidth than remaining hops of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 37 The transmitter device of any of clauses 29 to 36, wherein at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different amount of overlap in a frequency domain with a previous hop, a next hop, or both than remaining hops of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 38 Clause 38.
  • a single PRS sequence is generated for an entire bandwidth of the plurality of hops, and for each hop of the plurality of hops, a PRS sequence for the hop corresponds to a portion of the single PRS sequence corresponding to a bandwidth of the hop.
  • a different PRS sequence is generated for each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • the transmitter device of any of clauses 29 to 40 wherein: based on at least one symbol of at least one hop of the plurality of hops colliding with at least one symbol of a synchronization signal block (SSB), none of the plurality of hops are transmitted, based on the at least one symbol of the at least one hop colliding with the at least one symbol of the SSB, only the at least one hop is not transmitted, or based on the at least one symbol of the at least one hop colliding with the at least one symbol of the SSB, only the at least one symbol is not transmitted.
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • UE user equipment
  • the capability message includes parameters indicating: a minimum gap between hops, a maximum number of hops per multi-slot PRS resource, a number of hopped PRS resources the UE is capable of processing in a given number of milliseconds, whether hopping is supported in radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, whether hopping is supported with measurement gaps, whether hopping is supported without measurement gaps, or any combination thereof.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the transmitter device of any of clauses 29 to 44 wherein the transmitter device is: a base station and the multi-slot PRS resource is a downlink PRS resource, or a UE and the multi-slot PRS resource is a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource or a sidelink PRS resource.
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • Clause 46 The transmitter device of any of clauses 29 to 45, wherein: the request is received from a network entity, and the plurality of parameters is included in the request.
  • Clause 47 The transmitter device of clause 46, wherein: the network entity is a base station and the transmitter device is a UE, the network entity is a location server and the transmitter device is the base station, or the network entity is the location server and the transmitter device is the UE.
  • a receiver device comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver,, from a 62 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2302003WO 63 network entity a plurality of defining a hopping pattern for a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource transmitted by a transmitter device, the multi- slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop; and measure one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource based on the plurality of parameters.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • each repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource starts at a slot boundary, or at least one repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource does not start at a slot boundary.
  • the receiver device of any of clauses 48 to 50 wherein the plurality of parameters comprises: a number of PRS symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops, and a number of hop symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 52 The receiver device of any of clauses 48 to 51, wherein: at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different bandwidth than remaining hops of the plurality of hops, at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different amount of overlap in a frequency domain with a previous hop, a next hop, or both than remaining hops of the plurality of hops, or any combination thereof.
  • the capability message includes parameters indicating: a minimum gap between hops, a maximum number of 63 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2302003WO 64 hops per multi-slot PRS resource, a of hopped PRS resources the receiver device is capable of processing in a given number of milliseconds, whether hopping is supported in radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, whether hopping is supported with measurement gaps, whether hopping is supported without measurement gaps, or any combination thereof.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the receiver device is a UE, the transmitter device is a base station, and the multi-slot PRS resource is a downlink PRS resource, the receiver device is a first UE, the transmitter device is a second UE, and the multi-slot PRS resource is a sidelink PRS resource, or the receiver device is a base station, the transmitter device is a UE, and the multi-slot PRS resource is a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource.
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • the network entity is a base station and the receiver device is a UE
  • the network entity is a location server and the receiver device is the base station
  • the network entity is the location server and the receiver device is the UE.
  • a transmitter device comprising: means for receiving a request to transmit a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource; and means for transmitting one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, a hopping pattern of the plurality of hops over the plurality of slots configured by a plurality of parameters, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • Clause 58 The transmitter device of clause 57, wherein: the number of PRS symbols indicated by the number of PRS symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, the number of symbols of the switching gap indicated by the number of hop symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, and the plurality of parameters further includes a number of hops parameter indicating a number of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 59 The transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 58, wherein: each repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource starts at a slot boundary, and the start symbol of the first slot is a first occurring symbol of the first slot. 64 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • Clause 60 The transmitter device of of clauses 57 to 58, wherein: at least one repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource does not start at a slot boundary, and the start symbol offset parameter indicates an offset between a start of two repetitions of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource or an offset between an end of one repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource and a start of the next repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource.
  • Clause 61 Clause 61.
  • the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource comprises at least a first group of repetitions and a second group of repetitions, each repetition of the first group of repetitions starts at a slot boundary, and each repetition of the second group of repetitions does not start at a slot boundary.
  • Clause 62 The transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 61, wherein a muting pattern for the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource is configured: per repetition, per group of repetitions, per hop of the plurality of hops, or per symbol of each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • the transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 62, wherein the plurality of parameters comprises: a number of PRS symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops, and a number of hop symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 64 The transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 63, wherein at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different bandwidth than remaining hops of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 65 The transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 64, wherein at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different amount of overlap in a frequency domain with a previous hop, a next hop, or both than remaining hops of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 66 The transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 65, wherein: a single PRS sequence is generated for an entire bandwidth of the plurality of hops, and for each hop of the plurality of hops, a PRS sequence for the hop corresponds to a portion of the single PRS sequence corresponding to a bandwidth of the hop. [0246] Clause 67. The transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 65, wherein a different PRS sequence is generated for each hop of the plurality of hops. 65 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 66 [0247] Clause 68.
  • TRP transmission-reception point
  • the transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 69 wherein: based on at least one resource block of at least one hop of the plurality of hops colliding with at least one resource block of a synchronization signal block (SSB), none of the plurality of hops are transmitted, based on the at least one resource block of the at least one hop colliding with the at least one resource block of the SSB, only the at least one hop is not transmitted, or based on the at least one resource block of the at least one hop colliding with the at least one resource block of the SSB, only the at least one resource block of the at least one hop is not transmitted.
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • the transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 70 further comprising: means for receiving a capability message from a user equipment (UE), the capability message indicating capabilities of the UE to measure multi-slot PRS resources.
  • UE user equipment
  • the capability message includes parameters indicating: a minimum gap between hops, a maximum number of hops per multi-slot PRS resource, a number of hopped PRS resources the UE is capable of processing in a given number of milliseconds, whether hopping is supported in radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, whether hopping is supported with measurement gaps, whether hopping is supported without measurement gaps, or any combination thereof.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the transmitter device of any of clauses 57 to 72 wherein the transmitter device is: a base station and the multi-slot PRS resource is a downlink PRS resource, or 66 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 67 a UE and the multi-slot PRS resource is reference signal (SRS) resource or a sidelink PRS resource.
  • SRS reference signal
  • the transmitter device of clause 74 wherein: the network entity is a base station and the transmitter device is a UE, the network entity is a location server and the transmitter device is the base station, or the network entity is the location server and the transmitter device is the UE. [0255] Clause 76.
  • a receiver device comprising: means for receiving, from a network entity, a plurality of parameters defining a hopping pattern for a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource transmitted by a transmitter device, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the first hop; and means for measuring one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource based on the plurality of parameters.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • Clause 77 The receiver device of clause 76, wherein: the number of PRS symbols indicated by the number of PRS symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, the number of symbols of the switching gap indicated by the number of hop symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, and the plurality of parameters further includes a number of hops parameter indicating a number of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 78 The receiver device of any of clauses 76 to 77, wherein: each repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource starts at a slot boundary, or at least one repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource does not start at a slot boundary.
  • Clause 79 The receiver device of any of clauses 76 to 78, wherein the plurality of parameters comprises: a number of PRS symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops, and a number of hop symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 80 The receiver device of any of clauses 76 to 79, wherein: at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different bandwidth than remaining hops of the plurality of hops, 67 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2302003WO 68 at least one hop of the plurality of hops a different amount of overlap in a frequency domain with a previous hop, a next hop, or both than remaining hops of the plurality of hops, or any combination thereof.
  • the capability message includes parameters indicating: a minimum gap between hops, a maximum number of hops per multi-slot PRS resource, a number of hopped PRS resources the receiver device is capable of processing in a given number of milliseconds, whether hopping is supported in radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, whether hopping is supported with measurement gaps, whether hopping is supported without measurement gaps, or any combination thereof.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the receiver device is a UE, the transmitter device is a base station, and the multi-slot PRS resource is a downlink PRS resource, the receiver device is a first UE, the transmitter device is a second UE, and the multi-slot PRS resource is a sidelink PRS resource, or the receiver device is a base station, the transmitter device is a UE, and the multi-slot PRS resource is a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource.
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • the receiver device of any of clauses 76 to 83 wherein: the network entity is a base station and the receiver device is a UE, the network entity is a location server and the receiver device is the base station, or the network entity is the location server and the receiver device is the UE. [0264] Clause 85.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a transmitter device, cause the transmitter device to: receive a request to transmit a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource; and transmit one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, a hopping pattern of the plurality of hops over the plurality of slots configured by a plurality of parameters, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of 68 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • Clause 86 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 85, wherein: the number of PRS symbols indicated by the number of PRS symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, the number of symbols of the switching gap indicated by the number of hop symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, and the plurality of parameters further includes a number of hops parameter indicating a number of the plurality of hops.
  • the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource comprises at least a first group of repetitions and a second group of repetitions, each repetition of the first group of repetitions starts at a slot boundary, and each repetition of the second group of repetitions does not start at a slot boundary.
  • Clause 90 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 85 to 89, wherein a muting pattern for the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource is configured: per repetition, per group of repetitions, per hop of the plurality of hops, or per symbol of each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • the plurality of parameters comprises: a number of PRS symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops, and a number of hop symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • Clause 92 The non-transitory medium of any of clauses 85 to 91, wherein at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different bandwidth than remaining hops of the plurality of hops.
  • non-transitory medium of any of clauses 85 to 98 further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the transmitter device, cause the transmitter device to: receive a capability message from a user equipment (UE), the capability message indicating capabilities of the UE to measure multi-slot PRS resources.
  • UE user equipment
  • the capability message includes parameters indicating: a minimum gap between hops, a maximum number of hops per multi-slot PRS resource, a number of hopped PRS resources the UE is capable of processing in a given number of milliseconds, whether hopping is supported in radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, whether hopping is supported with measurement gaps, whether hopping is supported without measurement gaps, or any combination thereof.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the transmitter device is: a base station and the multi-slot PRS resource is a downlink PRS resource, or a UE and the multi-slot PRS resource is a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource or a sidelink PRS resource.
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a receiver device, cause the receiver device to: receive, from a network entity, a plurality of parameters defining a hopping pattern for a multi-slot positioning reference signal (PRS) resource transmitted by a transmitter device, the multi-slot PRS resource comprising a plurality of hops over a plurality of slots, the plurality of parameters comprising at least a start symbol offset parameter indicating a start symbol of a first slot of a first hop of the plurality of hops, a number of PRS symbols parameter indicating a number of PRS symbols of at least the first hop, and a number of hop symbols parameter indicating a number of symbols of a switching gap of at least the 71 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • PRS multi-slot positioning reference signal
  • No.2302003WO 72 first hop; and measure one or more of the multi-slot PRS resource based on the plurality of parameters.
  • Clause 105 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 104, wherein: the number of PRS symbols indicated by the number of PRS symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, the number of symbols of the switching gap indicated by the number of hop symbols parameter is for each hop of the plurality of hops, and the plurality of parameters further includes a number of hops parameter indicating a number of the plurality of hops.
  • each repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource starts at a slot boundary, or at least one repetition of the one or more repetitions of the multi-slot PRS resource does not start at a slot boundary.
  • Clause 107. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 104 to 106, wherein the plurality of parameters comprises: a number of PRS symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops, and a number of hop symbols parameter for each hop of the plurality of hops.
  • the non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 104 to 107 wherein: at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different bandwidth than remaining hops of the plurality of hops, at least one hop of the plurality of hops has a different amount of overlap in a frequency domain with a previous hop, a next hop, or both than remaining hops of the plurality of hops, or any combination thereof.
  • Clause 109 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 104 to 108, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the receiver device, cause the receiver device to: transmit a capability message, the capability message indicating capabilities of the receiver device to measure multi-slot PRS resources.
  • Clause 110 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 108 to 109, wherein the capability message includes parameters indicating: a minimum gap between hops, a maximum number of hops per multi-slot PRS resource, a number of hopped PRS resources the receiver device is capable of processing in a given number of milliseconds, whether hopping is supported in radio resource control (RRC) inactive state, whether hopping is supported with measurement gaps, whether hopping is supported without measurement gaps, or any combination thereof.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the receiver device is a UE
  • the transmitter device is a base station
  • the multi- slot PRS resource is a downlink PRS resource
  • the receiver device is a first UE
  • the transmitter device is a second UE
  • the multi-slot PRS resource is a sidelink PRS resource
  • the receiver device is a base station
  • the transmitter device is a UE
  • the multi-slot PRS resource is a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource.
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • the network entity is a base station and the receiver device is a UE
  • the network entity is a location server and the receiver device is the base station
  • the network entity is the location server and the receiver device is the UE.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field-programable gate array
  • a general-purpose may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the methods, sequences and/or algorithms described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.
  • a software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE).
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
  • the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, 74 QC2302003WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2302003WO 75 radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des techniques pour la communication sans fil. Selon un aspect, un dispositif transmetteur reçoit une demande de transmission d'une ressource de signal de référence de positionnement (PRS) multi-créneau, et transmet une ou plusieurs répétitions de la ressource PRS multi-créneau, la ressource PRS multi-créneau comprenant une pluralité de sauts sur une pluralité de créneaux, un modèle de sauts de la pluralité de sauts sur la pluralité de créneaux configuré par une pluralité de paramètres, la pluralité de paramètres comprenant au moins un paramètre de décalage de symbole de départ indiquant un symbole de départ d'un premier créneau d'un premier saut de la pluralité de sauts, un nombre de paramètres de symboles PRS indiquant un nombre de symboles PRS au moins du premier saut, et un nombre de paramètres de symboles de sauts indiquant un nombre de symboles d'un intervalle de commutation au moins du premier saut.
PCT/US2023/079809 2023-02-17 2023-11-15 Configuration de signal de référence de positionnement (prs) pour saut de fréquence Ceased WO2024172879A1 (fr)

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