WO2024171465A1 - Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station - Google Patents

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives setting relating to selection of a downlink reception beam for reporting channel state information; and a control unit that measures a plurality of downlink transmission beams on the basis of the setting, and controls a report of the result of the measurement. According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, suitable overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization can be achieved.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified for the purpose of achieving higher capacity and greater sophistication over LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also under consideration.

3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall Description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

In terms of future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network/device control and management is being considered.

Spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction and temporal DL beam prediction are being considered as use cases for utilizing AI models. Such beam prediction methods may be called AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting) or AI-based beam management (BM). Temporal DL beam prediction may be called, for example, time domain Channel State Information (CSI) prediction.

In measurements for such AI-based beam prediction, it is preferable to have the expected receiving beams consistent between the network (e.g., base station) and the terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)), but this has not been sufficiently considered. In this case, appropriate overhead reduction based on beam prediction, highly accurate channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization cannot be achieved, which may inhibit improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can achieve optimal overhead reduction/channel estimation/resource utilization.

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives settings regarding the selection of a downlink receiving beam for reporting channel state information, and a control unit that performs measurements of multiple downlink transmitting beams based on the settings and controls reporting of the results of the measurements.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to achieve optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing AI models. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing an example of AI-based beam prediction. 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating an example of general (prediction-free) beam management and DL transmit beam prediction. 4A-4C are diagrams illustrating an example of determining a DL receive beam for DL transmit beam prediction. 5A-5C are diagrams illustrating an example of beam reporting for transmit/receive beam sweeping. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing an example of a beam report. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing other examples of beam reports. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing other examples of beam reports. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing other examples of beam reports. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of differences in L1-RSRP values corresponding to each assumption. 11A-11C show an example of input beam pairs for training/testing data set assumptions 1-3. 12A and 12B are diagrams showing examples of reporting of CSI measurement results for options 1-1-1 and 1-1-2, respectively. 13A to 13C are diagrams showing examples of reporting of CSI measurement results for options 1-2-1 to 1-2-3, respectively. 14A and 14B are diagrams showing examples of reporting of CSI measurement results for options 1-3-1 and 1-3-2, respectively. 15A to 15C are diagrams showing an example of settings regarding receiving beam assumptions for CSI reporting. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a measurement/reporting timeline according to the second embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a measurement/reporting operation according to the second embodiment. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

(Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI)) Technology to Wireless Communications)
Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network/device control and management is being considered.

For example, it is being considered that terminals (user equipment (UE))/base stations (BS)) will utilize AI technology to improve channel state information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reducing overhead, improving accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improving accuracy, prediction in the time/space domain), and improve position measurement (e.g., improving position estimation/prediction).

The AI model may output at least one piece of information such as an estimate, a prediction, a selected action, a classification, etc. based on the input information. The UE/BS may input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the AI model, and output highly accurate channel state information/measurements/beam selection/position, future channel state information/radio link quality, etc.

In this disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a target, object, data, function, program, etc.) having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics:
- Estimation based on observed or collected information;
- making choices based on observed or collected information;
- Predictions based on observed or collected information.

In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted as interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted as interchangeable.

In the present disclosure, an object may be, for example, an apparatus such as a UE or a BS, or a device. Also, in the present disclosure, an object may correspond to a program/model/entity that operates in the apparatus.

In addition, in the present disclosure, an AI model may be interpreted as an object having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics:
- Producing estimates by feeding information,
- Predicting estimates by providing information
- Discover features by providing information,
- Select an action by providing information.

In addition, in this disclosure, an AI model may refer to a data-driven algorithm that applies AI techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, AI model, model, ML model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, tool, autoencoder, encoder, decoder, neural network model, AI algorithm, scheme, etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, the AI model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, etc.

In this disclosure, the term "autoencoder" may be interchangeably referred to as any autoencoder, such as a stacked autoencoder or a convolutional autoencoder. The encoder/decoder of this disclosure may employ models such as Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, and RefineNet.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, encoder, encoding, encoding/encoded, modification/alteration/control by an encoder, compressing, compress/compressed, generating, generate/generated, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, the terms decoder, decoding, decode/decoded, modification/alteration/control by a decoder, decompressing, decompress/decompressed, reconstructing, reconstruct/reconstructed, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.

In the present disclosure, a layer (for an AI model) may be interpreted as a layer (input layer, intermediate layer, etc.) used in an AI model. A layer in the present disclosure may correspond to at least one of an input layer, intermediate layer, output layer, batch normalization layer, convolution layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer, dropout layer, fully connected layer, etc.

In this disclosure, methods for training an AI model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, federated learning, and the like. Supervised learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning may refer to the process of training a model without labeled data. Reinforcement learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs (i.e., states) and feedback signals (i.e., rewards) resulting from the model's outputs (i.e., actions) in the environment with which the model interacts.

In this disclosure, terms such as generate, calculate, derive, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as implement, operate, operate, execute, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as train, learn, update, retrain, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as infer, after-training, live use, actual use, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as signal and signal/channel may be interchangeable.

Figure 1 shows an example of a framework for managing an AI model. In this example, each stage related to the AI model is shown as a block. This example is also expressed as life cycle management of an AI model.

The data collection stage corresponds to the stage of collecting data for generating/updating an AI model. The data collection stage may include data organization (e.g., determining which data to transfer for model training/model inference), data transfer (e.g., transferring data to an entity (e.g., UE, gNB) that performs model training/model inference), etc.

In addition, data collection may refer to a process in which data is collected by a network node, management entity, or UE for the purpose of AI model training/data analysis/inference. In this disclosure, process and procedure may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, collection may also refer to obtaining a data set (e.g., usable as input/output) for training/inference of an AI model based on measurements (channel measurements, beam measurements, radio link quality measurements, position estimation, etc.).

In the present disclosure, offline field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for offline training of an AI model. Also, in the present disclosure, online field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for online training of an AI model.

In the model training stage, model training is performed based on the data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, conversion, etc.), model training/validation, model testing (e.g., checking whether the trained model meets performance thresholds), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), model deployment/update (deploying/updating the model to the entities that will perform model inference), etc.

In addition, AI model training may refer to a process for training an AI model in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI model for inference.

Also, AI model validation may refer to a sub-process of training to evaluate the quality of an AI model using a dataset different from the dataset used to train the model. This sub-process helps select model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used to train the model.

Also, AI model testing may refer to a sub-process of training to evaluate the performance of the final AI model using a dataset different from the dataset used for model training/validation. Note that testing, unlike validation, does not necessarily require subsequent model tuning.

In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entity performing the model training), and output (providing model output to the actor).

In addition, AI model inference may refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

Also, a UE side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the UE. A network side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the network (e.g., gNB).

Also, a one-sided model may refer to a UE-side model or a network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models where joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference where the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, e.g., a first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the remaining part by the gNB (or vice versa).

Also, AI model monitoring may refer to the process of monitoring the inference performance of an AI model, and may be interchangeably read as model performance monitoring, performance monitoring, etc.

Note that model registration may refer to making a model executable (registering) through assigning a version identifier to the model and compiling it into the specific hardware used in the inference phase. Model deployment may refer to distributing (or activating at) a fully developed and tested run-time image (or an image of the execution environment) of the model to the target (e.g., UE/gNB) where inference will be performed.

Actor stages may include action triggers (e.g., deciding whether to trigger an action on another entity), feedback (e.g., feeding back information needed for training data/inference data/performance feedback), etc.

Note that, for example, training of a model for mobility optimization may be performed in, for example, Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM) in a network (NW)/gNodeB (gNB). In the former case, interoperability, large capacity storage, operator manageability, and model flexibility (feature engineering, etc.) are advantageous. In the latter case, the latency of model updates and the absence of data exchange for model deployment are advantageous. Inference of the above model may be performed in, for example, a gNB.

Depending on the use case (i.e., the function of the AI model), the entity performing the training/inference may be different. The function of the AI model may include beam management, beam prediction, autoencoder (or information compression), CSI feedback, positioning, etc.

For example, for AI-assisted beam management based on measurement reports, the OAM/gNB may perform model training and the gNB may perform model inference.

For AI-assisted UE-assisted positioning, a Location Management Function (LMF) may perform model training and the LMF may perform model inference.

For CSI feedback/channel estimation using autoencoders, the OAM/gNB/UE may perform model training and the gNB/UE may perform model inference (jointly).

For AI-assisted beam management or AI-assisted UE-based positioning based on beam measurements, the OAM/gNB/UE may perform model training and the UE may perform model inference.

Note that model activation may mean activating an AI model for a particular function. Model deactivation may mean disabling an AI model for a particular function. Model switching may mean deactivating a currently active AI model for a particular function and activating a different AI model.

Model transfer may also refer to distributing an AI model over the air interface. This may include distributing either or both of the parameters of the model structure already known at the receiving end, or a new model with the parameters. This may also include a complete model or a partial model. Model download may refer to model transfer from the network to the UE. Model upload may refer to model transfer from the UE to the network.

(AI-based beam prediction)
As a use case of utilizing the AI model, spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction or temporal DL beam prediction using a one-sided AI model in the UE or NW is being considered. Such a beam prediction method may be called AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting), AI-based beam management (Beam Management (BM)), etc.

2A and 2B are diagrams showing an example of AI-based beam prediction. FIG. 2A shows spatial domain DL beam prediction. The UE may measure a spatially sparse (or thick) beam, input the measurement results, etc., to an AI model, and output a predicted result of the beam quality of a spatially dense (or thin) beam.

Figure 2B shows temporal DL beam prediction. The UE may measure the time series of beams, input the measurement results, etc. into an AI model, and output the predicted beam quality of the future beam.

Note that spatial domain DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 1, and temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 2. Furthermore, temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as, for example, time domain CSI prediction.

Furthermore, the beams associated with the output (prediction result) of the AI model may be referred to as set of beams A. The beams associated with the input of the AI model may be referred to as set of beams B.

In this disclosure, set A may correspond to beams selected from the predicted beams. The resources for set A may be referred to as resources for beam prediction, resources for beam reporting, resources included in the CSI report, set A, resources of set A, second (or first) set, second (or first) resources, etc.

In this disclosure, set B may correspond to a beam whose measurement results are used as input (for the AI model/function for prediction). Resources for set B may be referred to as resources for beam measurements, resources for beam prediction input, set B, resources of set B, first (or second) set, resources of first (or second) set, etc.

Candidates for input to the AI model for BM Case 1/2 include L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), assistance information (e.g., beam shape information, UE position/direction information, transmit beam usage information), Channel Impulse Response (CIR) information, and corresponding DL transmit/receive beam IDs.

Possible outputs of the AI model for BM Case 1 include the IDs of the top K (K is an integer) transmit/receive beams, the predicted L1-RSRP of these beams, the probability that each beam is in the top K, and the angles of these beams.

In addition to the candidates for the output of the AI model in BM Case 1, the candidates for the output of the AI model in BM Case 2 include predicted beam failures.

For the above-mentioned BM cases 1 and 2, DL beam predictions considered include DL transmit (Tx) beam prediction, DL receive (Rx) beam prediction, and beam pair prediction. The DL transmit beam may be referred to as a Transmission/Reception Point (TRP) transmit beam, a base station transmit beam, etc. The DL receive beam may be referred to as a UE receive beam. Here, the beam pair includes a DL transmit beam and a corresponding DL receive beam.

<DL transmit beam prediction>
3A and 3B are diagrams showing an example of general (non-predictive) beam management and DL transmission beam prediction. A series of periods P1, P2, and P3 are for illustrative purposes only and are assumed to occur in this order in time, but are not limited to this order. Note that these periods may be spaced apart from one another. The same applies to the following examples.

In the general beam management of FIG. 3A, in period P1, the UE measures different DL transmission beams for DL transmission beam/DL reception beam selection. In period P2, the UE measures different DL transmission beams to possibly change/improve the DL transmission beam within/between the TRP. In period P3, the UE measures the same DL transmission beam to possibly change/improve the DL reception beam.

In P1, typically the TRP sweeps different transmit beams and the UE sweeps different receive beams. In P2, typically fewer transmit beams are used for beam refinement than in P1. For example, non-periodic beam reporting supports operations related to P1 to P3.

In the DL transmission beam prediction of FIG. 3B, in period P1, the UE measures different DL transmission beams for DL transmission beam prediction for period P2. The DL transmission beam in P1 corresponds to set B, and there may be one or more candidates for the DL reception beam in P1. The DL reception beam for period P2 may be determined in P1. Measurements in period P3 may be performed if it is determined from P1 that refinement of the DL reception beam is necessary. The DL transmission beam for P3 may be determined in P2. Measurements for P3 may be performed based on set B or set A.

The UE may input the measurement results at P1 (the results of beam measurement at set B) into the AI model and output a prediction of the measurement results at P2 (the results of beam prediction at set A).

Note that in FIG. 3B, actual measurements do not need to be performed in P2, but may be performed. For example, if top-K beams (K is a natural number) of good quality are provided based on the DL transmit beam prediction result, additional beam measurements [for set A/B] may be performed in P2 for the top-K beams. The period during which these additional beam measurements are performed may be included in P2, or may be a period that does not overlap at least partially with P2 (e.g., may be referred to as additional P2).

The example shown in FIG. 3B may also assume NW-side AI/ML for transmit beam prediction.

Here, in this disclosure, the quality [of the beam] may be, for example, L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power) or a value based thereon.

In the present disclosure, L1-RSRP may be interchangeably read as L1-RSRP/L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), Layer-X (LX (e.g., X=1, 2, 3, ...))-RSRP/SINR, RSRP/SINR, predicted/measured L1-RSRP/SINR, predicted/measured value (predicted value/measured value), non-probability value regarding predicted/measured received power or received quality (non-probability measurement/prediction result), top-X probability, top-X'/1 probability, etc.

Note that the top X probability of a resource among one or more resources may refer to the probability/confidence/confidence interval that the RSRP or SINR corresponding to the resource is equal to or greater than the Xth largest RSRP or SINR among the RSRPs or SINRs corresponding to the one or more resources. This confidence interval may be an arbitrary percentage (e.g., 95%).

The top X'/1 probability for one or more resources may mean the probability/confidence/confidence interval that at least one of the RSRPs corresponding to X' resources is the maximum among the RSRPs or SINRs corresponding to the one or more resources. This confidence interval may be a confidence interval of any percentage (e.g., 95%). Note that, for the same value of X', if different top X'/1 probabilities are obtained depending on how the resources are selected, one of these values (e.g., the maximum value) may be determined as the top X'/1 probability.

Figures 4A-4C are diagrams showing an example of determining DL receiving beams for DL transmitting beam prediction. In this example, it is assumed that the number of DL receiving beams available to the UE is 8.

The DL receive beam for DL transmit beam prediction (the DL receive beam used for measurement in P1) may be predetermined or determined by the UE. FIG. 4A shows an example in which the UE performs exhaustive receive beam sweeping in set B. FIG. 4B shows an example in which the UE performs beam sweeping using a [fixed] subset of the exhaustive receive beam sweeping in set B.

The UE may use a specific receiving beam from among the receiving beams used for the measurement in P1 to provide input for predicting P2. The specific receiving beam may be, for example, the receiving beam with the best quality, or that satisfies a certain condition, or that is randomly determined. The specific receiving beam may be different or the same for each sample of input for predicting P2.

Information regarding the above subset may be notified to the UE from the network, may be specified in a standard, or may be derived from a model (associated model) used for beam prediction.

Figure 4C shows an example in which the UE determines the receive beam sweeping to be used in set B. In this example, the UE determines N receive beams (N >= 1) for the next (current) P1 based on the measurement results in the previous (most recent) P3. The UE may perform DL transmit beam prediction in P2 based on the measurement results of the determined N DL beams, and identify the best DL transmit beam. The UE may also perform beam refinement via measurements in P3, for example, for the DL receive beam corresponding to the best DL transmit beam, and determine N receive beams for the next P1.

In the example of FIG. 4C, N=1. A different DL receive beam may be used for prediction for each period of P1 (or P2). In this example, beam refinement is performed in P3 using the beam used for prediction and adjacent beams, but the beam refinement method is not limited to this.

Note that different numbers of N and specific N receive beams may affect the inference performance of the AI/ML model.

<DL reception beam sweeping>
In NR up to Rel. 17, if Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources in a CSI-RS resource set with the upper layer parameter for repetition ("repetition") set to on are transmitted in different OFDM symbols, the UE may assume that these CSI-RS resources are transmitted using the same downlink spatial domain transmit filter.

The UE may also report one value to the network as UE capability information (maxNumberRxBeam or maxNumberRxBeam-v1720) for the preferred number of repetitions of CSI-RS resources per CSI-RS resource set. Note that only one of maxNumberRxBeam and maxNumberRxBeam-v1720 is reported. As the parameter name indicates, this value may indicate the number of reception beams of the UE. The network may determine the number of CSI-RS resources in the CSI-RS resource set to be configured for the UE based on this value (e.g., with this value as the upper limit). Hereinafter, in this disclosure, the number of repetitions and the number of reception beams may be interpreted as interchangeable.

The UE may also report the number of best L1-RSRPs corresponding to nrofReportedRS for each CSI reporting setting.

In the L1-RSRP report, only the best receiving beam for each transmitting beam may be reported. The network (NW, e.g., base station) may not be able to instruct the UE to report other receiving beam patterns.

For L1-RSRP reporting, if the upper layer parameter nrofReportedRS in the CSI reporting configuration is set to 1, the reported L1-RSRP may be specified/quantized with 7 bits in the range of [-140, -44] dBm with a 1 dB step size. Also, if the upper layer parameter nrofReportedRS is set to greater than 1, or if the upper layer parameter groupBasedBeamReporting for group-based beam reporting configuration is set to enabled, the UE may perform differential L1-RSRP-based reporting. Here, the maximum measured L1-RSRP may be specified/quantized with 7 bits in the range of [-140, -44] dBm with a 1 dB step size, and the differential L1-RSRP (value) may be calculated with a 2 dB step size and quantized with a 4-bit value.

Figures 5A to 5C show examples of beam reporting related to transmit/receive beam sweeping.

FIG. 5A shows an example in which transmission beam and reception beam sweeping (Tx-Rx sweeping) is performed. In the example shown in FIG. 5A, nrofReportedRS is set to 1 for report setting #X (X is any number), and 'repetition' is set to on for resource setting #Y (Y is any number, Y=X may be used).

At this time, the base station repeatedly transmits one CSI-RS (resource) and transmits each CSI-RS (resource) while changing the transmission beam (sweeping). The UE measures each CSI-RS (resource) that is repeatedly transmitted while changing the reception beam. The UE reports the L1-RSRP corresponding to the best reception beam for the CSI-RS (resource) that corresponds to each transmission beam.

In FIG. 5B, an example of sweeping of the transmit beam (Tx sweeping) is shown. In the example shown in FIG. 5B, nrofReportedRS is set to 4 for reporting setting #1, and 'repetition' is set to off in resource setting #1 within reporting setting #1.

At this time, the base station transmits each CSI-RS (resource) while changing the transmission beam (sweeping), and the UE measures each CSI-RS (resource). The UE reports the L1-RSRP corresponding to the best four transmission beams among each transmission beam.

FIG. 5C shows an example of sweeping of the receive beam (Rx sweeping). In the example shown in FIG. 5C, nrofReportedRS is set to 1 for reporting setting #2, and 'repetition' is set to on in resource setting #1 or #2 within reporting setting #2.

At this time, the UE measures the repeatedly transmitted CSI-RS (resources) while changing the receiving beam. The UE reports one L1-RSRP corresponding to the best receiving beam among the measured receiving beams.

(received beam information)
In Rel. 18 and later, a report of information on a receiving beam by a UE (receiving beam information) is being considered.

The UE may report the received beam information along with the CSI (L1-RSRP/SINR) report.

It is being considered to use, for example, an RS resource indicator for the receiving beam information. Below, we will explain the case where an RS resource indicator is used for the receiving beam information.

The RS resource indicator may be, for example, at least one of an RS resource ID, an RS resource set ID, and an SRS resource indicator (e.g., srs-ResourceIndicator).

The RS resource indicator may be information of an SRS resource/resource set that uses the same spatial domain transmit filter/transmit beam as the spatial domain receive filter/receive beam used for the corresponding measurement.

The UE may be configured with an SRS resource set for reporting received beam information. In this case, for example, the usage of the SRS resource set may be set to at least one of receiving beam determination and L1-RSRP with received beam information.

The bit width of the reported RS resource indicator field may be determined based on specific rules/parameters.

For example, the bit width may be determined as, for example, ceil(log ₂ (N)), where N may be the number of SRS resources in the associated SRS resource set. In this disclosure, ceil(X) may mean multiplying X by a ceiling function.

RS resource indicator/RS resource set indicator may be reported along with the panel index (CapabilityIndex).

FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing an example of a beam report. The example shown in FIG. 6A and 6B describes a case where an RS resource indicator is reported together with a panel index (CapabilityIndex) in a beam report (CSI report).

The example shown in FIG. 6A shows the bit width of the information included in the beam report. The number of bits (X) of the RS resource indicator may be determined based on the above method.

In the example shown in FIG. 6B, information contained in the beam report is described. The beam report includes CRI or SSBRI (#1-#4), RSRP (RSRP#1) corresponding to CRI or SSBRI#1, differential RSRP (differential RSRP#2-#4) corresponding to CRI or SSBRI#2-#4, panel index (CapabilityIndex) #1-#4 corresponding to each of CRI or SSBRI#1-#4, and RS resource indicator #1-#4 corresponding to each of CRI or SSBRI#1-#4.

Note that in the example shown in FIG. 6B, multiple RS resource indicators, i.e., RS resource indicators corresponding to each CRI or SSBRI, are included in the beam report, but the beam report may contain only one RS resource indicator. In this case, the one RS resource indicator may correspond to each CRI or SSBRI. Whether the beam report contains an RS resource indicator corresponding to each CRI or SSBRI or contains only one RS resource indicator may be determined based on higher layer signaling.

The RS resource indicator/RS resource set indicator may also be reported separately from the panel index (CapabilityIndex).

FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing other examples of beam reports. The examples shown in FIG. 7A and 7B show a case in which the RS resource indicator is reported separately from the panel index (CapabilityIndex) in the beam report (CSI report).

FIGS. 7A and 7B differ from FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B only in that they do not include information about the panel index (CapabilityIndex).

In this way, by reporting information about RS resources together with the CSI (L1-RSRP/SINR) report, if beam information related to the SRS resource is available, it is believed that information about the receiving beam used for measurement can be reported to the NW.

It is also being considered to use, for example, a beam index for the above-mentioned received beam information. Below, we will explain the case where a beam index is used for the received beam information.

The beam index may be, for example, the index of the UE's receive beam/spatial domain receive filter used for the corresponding measurement.

For example, if the UE uses the same beam to receive a signal in a measurement, the same beam index may be reported.

If the UE uses the same (or different) beam in the measurement, it may decide to include the beam index in the beam report and transmit it.

The bit width of the reported beam index field may be determined based on specific rules/parameters.

For example, the bit width may be determined as ceil(log ₂ (M)), where M may be a number indicated by a receive beam sweeping factor of the UE.

For example, the bit width may be determined separately for each frequency range (e.g., FR1/FR2 (FR2-1/FR2-2)/FR3/FR4/FR5).

Beam index may be reported along with panel index (CapabilityIndex).

FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing other examples of beam reports. The examples shown in FIG. 8A and 8B show a case in which the receive beam index (RxbeamIndex) is reported together with the panel index (CapabilityIndex) in the beam report (CSI report).

The example shown in FIG. 8A shows the bit width of the information contained in the beam report. The number of bits (X) of the receive beam index may be determined based on the above method.

In the example shown in FIG. 8B, information contained in the beam report is described. The beam report includes CRI or SSBRI (#1-#4), RSRP (RSRP#1) corresponding to CRI or SSBRI#1, differential RSRP (differential RSRP#2-#4) corresponding to CRI or SSBRI#2-#4, panel index (CapabilityIndex) #1-#4 corresponding to each of CRI or SSBRI#1-#4, and receive beam index #1-#4 corresponding to each of CRI or SSBRI#1-#4.

Note that in the example shown in FIG. 8B, multiple receive beam indexes, i.e., receive beam indexes corresponding to each CRI or SSBRI, are included in the beam report, but the beam report may contain only one receive beam index. In this case, the one receive beam index may correspond to each CRI or SSBRI. Whether the beam report contains a receive beam index corresponding to each CRI or SSBRI or contains only one receive beam index may be determined based on higher layer signaling.

The receive beam index may also be reported separately from the panel index (CapabilityIndex).

FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing other examples of beam reports. The examples shown in FIG. 9A and 9B show a case in which the receive beam index is reported separately from the panel index (CapabilityIndex) in the beam report (CSI report).

FIGS. 9A and 9B differ from FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B only in that they do not include information about the panel index (CapabilityIndex).

If the panel index (CapabilityIndex) corresponding to the report result is different, the UE/NW may assume/judge that a different beam/spatial domain filter corresponds to the report result even if the beam index corresponding to the report result is the same.

In this way, by reporting the beam index together with the CSI (L1-RSRP/SINR) report, beam reporting can be performed using a mechanism similar to the signal measurement in beam (L1-RSRP/SINR) measurement, which is believed to simplify UE implementation.

Note that the AI/ML model inference for spatial domain beam prediction may not require exact receive beam index. The NW may only require that the reported L1-RSRP/SINR follows a particular assumed receive beam pattern.

(analysis)
Incidentally, the NW AI/ML model for receive beam prediction may be trained using a specific receive beam assumption (e.g., the number of receive beams and/or the selection of receive beams). In this case, to ensure model performance, the UE needs to match the receive beam assumption between the UE and the NW in measuring a set of beams (e.g., set B).

Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the difference in L1-RSRP values corresponding to each assumption. Figure 10 shows values related to the difference in L1-RSRP values corresponding to each of the assumptions for the training dataset (assumptions 1-3) and each of the assumptions for the testing dataset (test dataset assumptions 1-3).

FIG. 11A shows an example of an input beam pair (combination of a transmit beam and a receive beam) according to assumption 1 of the training data set/test data set. FIG. 11B shows an example of an input beam pair according to assumption 2 of the training data set/test data set. FIG. 11C shows an example of an input beam pair according to assumption 3 of the training data set/test data set.

Assumption 1 is an assumption that the input is a pair of transmit beams and receive beams in which the receive beam corresponding to each transmit beam is the best. Assumption 2 is an assumption that the input is a plurality of pairs (e.g., all) of pairs that correspond to the best receive beams. Assumption 3 is an assumption that the input is a pair of specific receive beam candidates (a portion of the plurality (e.g., all) of receive beams) in which the receive beam corresponding to each transmit beam is the best.

First, a prediction model for all beam pairs is created using the measurement results of each input beam pair (shown using hatching) related to assumptions 1-3 in the training dataset. Next, the predicted top 1 (best) L1-RSRP value is calculated as the output when the measurement results of each input beam pair (shown using hatching) related to assumptions 1-3 in the test dataset are input into the prediction model. Figure 10 shows the difference between the top 1 (best) L1-RSRP value and the correct/ideal (genie-aided) top 1 (best) L1-RSRP value.

In this way, when there is an error (large error) between the predicted value and the ideal value, appropriate beam prediction cannot be performed, and appropriate overhead reduction/high-precision channel estimation/high-efficiency resource utilization based on beam prediction cannot be achieved, which may inhibit improvements in communication throughput/communication quality.

The inventors therefore came up with a method to solve the above problem.

Below, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

Note that the following embodiments may be applied to any DL beam prediction, for example, when DL transmit beam prediction or beam pair prediction is used. In addition, each embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied when AI is not used (for example, when prediction is performed using a function).

In this disclosure, "A/B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, "A/B/C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

In this disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read as interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, capable of control, operate, and capable of operating may be read as interchangeable.

In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC Control Element (CE)), update commands, activation/deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocols (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)/LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination of these.

In the present disclosure, the MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. The broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

In the present disclosure, the physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), etc.

In the present disclosure, channel measurement/estimation may be performed using at least one of, for example, a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel (SS/PBCH) block, a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), etc.

In the present disclosure, the terms receive beam assumption, number of receive beams, receive beam index, receive beam selection, receive beam setting, and receive beam instruction may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms receive beam, transmit beam, DL receive beam, DL transmit beam, transmit and receive beam pair, and DL reference signal may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms transmit/receive beam may be interchangeable with the terms transmit/receive beam for beam prediction and the terms transmit/receive beam for measuring/reporting CSI for beam prediction.

(Wireless communication method)
First Embodiment
The first embodiment relates to the definition/configuration/indication of receive beam assumptions/selection for CSI reporting.

The UE may receive configuration regarding receive beam assumption/selection for CSI reporting. The UE may expect/assume to receive configuration regarding receive beam assumption/selection for CSI reporting.

The setting/reception may be predefined by the specifications, or may be received according to at least one of the methods described in Supplementary Note 2 below.

In the present disclosure, settings regarding the assumed/selected/number of receiving beams for CSI reporting, settings related to the assumed/selected/number of receiving beams for CSI reporting, settings that imply the assumed/selected/number of receiving beams for CSI reporting, and settings that indicate the assumed/selected/number of receiving beams for CSI reporting may be read as interchangeable.

The first embodiment is broadly divided into the following options 1-1 to 1-4. The UE/NW may follow any of options 1-1 to 1-4, or may apply a combination of at least one of the methods described in options 1-1 to 1-3 as described in option 1-4.

<<Option 1-1>>
Option 1-1 describes an example in which settings related to receive beam selection for CSI reporting are dedicated for each transmit beam.

The UE may report a specific CSI measurement result from among multiple receive beams for each transmit beam setting being measured. The UE may also report a specific CSI measurement result from among multiple receive beams used for measurements.

For example, the UE may independently select a corresponding receive beam for each transmit beam. The UE may perform CSI measurements/reports for the selected transmit and receive beam pair.

In the present disclosure, multiple (e.g., all) receive beams, multiple (e.g., all) receive beam and transmit beam pairs (hereinafter, may be referred to as transmit-receive (Tx-Rx) pairs, beam pairs, etc.), and multiple (e.g., all) receive beams used for beam measurement may be interpreted interchangeably.

Option 1-1 allows for flexible beam pair selection, as the receive beam can be selected individually for each transmit beam.

[Option 1-1-1]
The UE may report CSI measurements corresponding to a particular receive beam among multiple (eg, all) measurements.

For example, the UE may be configured to report the CSI measurement result that achieves the highest received power (e.g., L1-RSRP) among multiple (e.g., all) measurement results.

FIG. 12A is a diagram showing an example of reporting CSI measurement results related to option 1-1-1. In the example shown in FIG. 12A, the UE reports the CSI measurement results corresponding to the best receiving beam for each measured transmitting beam (setting) for set B.

In the example shown in FIG. 12A, the best receiving beam corresponding to transmit beam 3 (Tx3) is receive beam 0 (Rx0), the best receiving beam corresponding to transmit beam 13 (Tx13) is receive beam 1 (Rx1), the best receiving beam corresponding to transmit beam 19 (Tx19) is receive beam 0 (Rx0), the best receiving beam corresponding to transmit beam 29 (Tx29) is receive beam 2 (Rx2), the best receiving beam corresponding to transmit beam 35 (Tx35) is receive beam 1 (Rx1), the best receiving beam corresponding to transmit beam 45 (Tx45) is receive beam 0 (Rx2), the best receiving beam corresponding to transmit beam 51 (Tx51) is receive beam 3 (Rx3), and the best receiving beam corresponding to transmit beam 61 (Tx61) is receive beam 3 (Rx3). The UE reports CSI measurement results corresponding to these beam pairs.

Note that the examples shown in the figures relating to beam pairs in this disclosure are merely examples, and the number of transmit/receive beams and the indexes of the transmit/receive beams are not limited to these.

Option 1-1-1 allows the best beam pair to be selected for each transmit beam, enabling highly accurate beam prediction.

[Option 1-1-2]
The UE may report an average CSI measurement result for multiple (eg, all) receive beams.

The UE may be configured to report average CSI measurements for multiple (e.g., all) receive beams.

The UE may also report the average CSI measurement for a particular receive beam. For example, the particular beam may be the receive beam that achieves the K highest powers. K may be predefined in the specification or may be set/indicated using higher layer signaling/DCI.

FIG. 12B is a diagram showing an example of reporting CSI measurement results for option 1-1-2. In the example shown in FIG. 12B, the UE reports the average CSI measurement results for all receive beams for set B for each transmit beam (configuration) being measured (for transmit beams 3/13/19/29/35/45/51/61).

Option 1-1-2 allows for highly accurate beam prediction by averaging the CSI measurement results of multiple beam pairs for each transmit beam.

<<Option 1-2>>
Option 1-2 describes an example in which settings related to receive beam selection for CSI reporting are common for multiple (e.g., all) transmit beams.

The UE may report a specific CSI measurement result based on a specific receive beam for multiple measured transmit beams.

For example, the UE may select a common receive beam for each transmit beam measurement result. The UE may perform CSI measurement/reporting for the selected transmit beam and receive beam pair.

Option 1-2 allows for the selection of a common receiving beam for each transmitting beam, reducing signaling overhead and also making UE implementation easier.

[Option 1-2-1]
The UE may report CSI measurement results for each transmit beam/specific transmit beam corresponding to a receive beam pair that yields a specific (e.g., best) value among multiple transmit-receive pairs (pairs of transmit beams and receive beams) from multiple (e.g., all) measurement results.

The UE may be configured to report CSI measurement results for each transmit beam/specific transmit beam corresponding to the receive beam of a pair that yields a specific (e.g., best) value among multiple transmit-receive pairs from multiple (e.g., all) measurement results.

FIG. 13A is a diagram showing an example of reporting CSI measurement results relating to option 1-2-1. In the example shown in FIG. 13A, the UE reports the CSI measurement results for set B corresponding to the receive beam (Rx2) of the pair (Tx29-Rx2 in the example of FIG. 13A) that provides the best value among all transmit-receive pairs. In other words, in this case, the UE reports the CSI measurement results for multiple (all) beam pairs including receive beam 2 (Rx2).

Option 1-2-1 allows for highly accurate beam prediction by selecting a receiving beam based on the best beam pair.

[Option 1-2-2]
The UE may report CSI measurements obtained from a specific receive beam from multiple (e.g., all) measurements, or may select/determine a receive beam to use for measurements for CSI reporting from receive beams used to receive a specific DL channel.

The UE may be configured to report CSI measurement results obtained from a specific receive beam from multiple (e.g., all) measurement results. The UE may also be configured to select/determine a receive beam to use for measurements for CSI reporting from the receive beams used to receive a specific DL channel.

The particular receive beam may be, for example, the best receive beam in the last receive beam sweeping (e.g., the full receive beam sweeping).

The UE may also perform measurements for CSI reporting using the specific receiving beam. In this case, the UE may perform measurements for CSI reporting using multiple best receiving beams, or may perform measurements for CSI reporting using a receiving beam adjacent to the best receiving beam.

The particular receive beam may be, for example, the best receive beam in the most recent previous beam measurement.

The particular receiving beam may be, for example, the best receiving beam in the most recent previous beam measurement for the CSI report.

FIG. 13B is a diagram showing an example of reporting CSI measurement results related to option 1-2-2. In the example shown in FIG. 13B, the UE reports CSI measurement results for set B corresponding to the best receiving beam (receiving beam 3 (Rx3) in the example of FIG. 13B) in the most recent receiving beam sweeping (e.g., the most recent P3 period). In other words, in this case, the UE reports CSI measurement results for multiple (all) beam pairs including receiving beam 3 (Rx3).

Option 1-2-2 allows for highly accurate beam prediction that reflects the UE's environment.

[Option 1-2-3]
The UE may report a measurement result obtained from a specific receiving beam from among multiple (e.g., all) measurement results as a CSI measurement result.

The UE may also report CSI measurements from the receive beams used to receive a particular DL channel for multiple (e.g., all) measured transmit beam configurations.

The UE may also select/determine the receiving beam to be used for measurements for CSI reporting from the receiving beams used to receive a particular DL channel.

The UE may be configured to report CSI measurements from the receive beams used to receive a particular DL channel for multiple (e.g., all) measured transmit beam configurations.

The particular DL channel may be, for example, the (last) PDSCH/PDCCH.

FIG. 13C is a diagram showing an example of reporting CSI measurement results relating to option 1-2-3. In the example shown in FIG. 13C, the UE reports the CSI measurement results for set B corresponding to the receive beam used for the most recent PDSCH reception (receive beam 2 (Rx2) in the example of FIG. 13C). In other words, in this case, the UE reports the CSI measurement results for multiple (all) beam pairs including receive beam 2 (Rx2).

Option 1-2-3 allows for highly accurate beam prediction that reflects the UE's environment.

<<Option 1-3>>
Option 1-3 describes a case where the UE explicitly receives a setting related to the reception beam selection for CSI reporting. As with the above options 1-1/1-2, this option also includes a case where the reception beam is selected commonly/individually for each transmission beam.

In the following embodiment, the specific receiving beam information/beam information may be at least one of the receiving beam information described above.

Options 1-3 allow flexible configuration from the network to the UE, enabling highly accurate beam prediction.

[Option 1-3-1]
In this option, the receiving beam used to measure the report results for CSI reporting may be common to multiple (e.g., all) transmitting beams/reference signals (each transmitting beam/reference signal).

The UE may report CSI measurement results obtained from a receiving beam corresponding to the specific receiving beam information configured/instructed.

The UE may be configured/instructed to report CSI measurements obtained from receive beams corresponding to information related to a particular configured/instructed receive beam.

The settings/instructions may be made based on the method described in Supplementary Note 2 below.

The setting/instruction may be performed by instructing a specific receiving beam (e.g., beam index, RS index).

FIG. 14A is a diagram showing an example of reporting CSI measurement results related to option 1-3-1. In the example shown in FIG. 14A, the UE is instructed to report CSI measurement results corresponding to receive beam 0 (Rx0). At this time, the UE reports CSI measurement results for each beam pair including receive beam 0 (Rx0).

Option 1-3-1 allows flexible configuration from the network to the UE while reducing signaling overhead, and enables highly accurate beam prediction.

[Option 1-3-2]
In this option, the receiving beam used to measure the reporting result for CSI reporting may be dedicated for each transmitting beam/reference signal being reported.

The UE may report CSI measurement results obtained from the receive beam corresponding to the specific receive beam information configured for each transmit beam reported/measured.

The UE may be configured/instructed to report CSI measurement results obtained from the receive beam corresponding to the specific receive beam information configured for each transmit beam configuration reported/measured.

The settings/instructions may be made based on the method described in Supplementary Note 2 below.

The setting/instruction may be performed by setting/instructing a specific receiving beam (e.g., beam index, RS index), or by setting/instructing a specific beam pair (e.g., beam index pair, RS index pair).

Figure 14B is a diagram showing an example of reporting CSI measurement results for option 1-3-2. In the example shown in Figure 14B, the UE is instructed on the receive beam (or beam pair) for which the CSI measurement results will be reported for each transmit beam. In the example shown in Figure 14B, the UE is instructed to report the CSI measurement results (L1-RSRP) for each of the beam pairs Tx3-Rx0, Tx13-Rx1, Tx19-Rx0, Tx29-Rx2, Tx35-Rx1, Tx45-Rx2, Tx51-Rx3, and Tx61-Rx3.

Option 1-3-2 allows more flexible configuration from the network to the UE, enabling more accurate beam prediction.

<Option 1-4>
At least two of the methods/options described above under options 1-1 to 1-3 may be applied in combination.

<<Settings for assuming receiving beams for CSI reporting>>
The following describes the settings regarding the receiving beam assumptions for CSI reporting.

The UE may configure the settings related to the assumed receiving beam for CSI reporting using higher layer signaling (specific RRC parameters). The RRC parameters may be, for example, RRC parameters related to CSI reporting.

For example, the UE may receive configuration regarding the receiving beam assumptions for CSI reporting using a CSI reporting configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig).

For example, the configuration regarding the receiving beam assumption for CSI reporting may be included in the CSI reporting configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig).

FIG. 15A is a diagram showing an example of a configuration related to a receive beam assumption for a CSI report. FIG. 15A is written using Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) notation. In the example shown in FIG. 15A, a configuration related to a receive beam assumption for a CSI report (RxbeamAssumption) is included in a CSI report configuration (CSI-ReportConfig).

Also, for example, the UE may receive a configuration regarding the assumed receiving beam for CSI reporting using a parameter (e.g., CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerState) for setting the trigger state of CSI semi-persistent reporting.

For example, the settings regarding the assumed receiving beam for CSI reporting may be included in a parameter for setting the trigger state of semi-persistent CSI reporting (e.g., CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerState).

FIG. 15B is a diagram showing another example of the settings related to the receive beam assumption for CSI reporting. Like FIG. 15A, FIG. 15B is written using ASN.1 notation. In the example shown in FIG. 15B, the settings related to the receive beam assumption for CSI reporting (RxbeamAssumption) are included in the parameters for setting the trigger state of the semi-persistent CSI report (e.g., CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerState).

Also, for example, the UE may receive a configuration regarding the receiving beam assumption for CSI reporting using a parameter (e.g., CSI-AperiodicTriggerState) for setting the trigger state of aperiodic CSI reporting.

For example, settings regarding receive beam assumptions for CSI reporting may be included in parameters for setting the trigger state for aperiodic CSI reporting (e.g., CSI-AperiodicTriggerState).

FIG. 15C is a diagram showing another example of the settings related to the receive beam assumption for CSI reporting. Like FIG. 15A, FIG. 15C is written using ASN.1 notation. In the example shown in FIG. 15C, the settings related to the receive beam assumption for CSI reporting (RxbeamAssumption) are included in the parameters (e.g., CSI-AperiodicTriggerState) for setting the trigger state of aperiodic CSI reporting.

According to the first embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately specify/set/instruct the expected receiving beam for CSI reporting.

Second Embodiment
A second embodiment relates to reporting of measurements based on receive beam assumption/selection.

The UE may report measurement results based on the configured receive beam assumption/selection.

The UE may, for example, measure the (DL) transmit beam at a specific time period (e.g., P1 or always). The UE may, for example, report the measurement results after a specific time period (e.g., after P1 has elapsed). The UE may also, for example, be allowed to report the measurement results always.

The UE may measure the (DL) transmission beam based on the receiving beam assumption/selection configuration and obtain measurement results for multiple (e.g., all) configured resources/receiving beams (step S1701).

The UE may generate the measurement results based on a specific method (e.g., a specification/configuration) (step S1702). The specific method may, for example, follow at least one of the methods described in the first embodiment above.

The UE may report the generated measurement results to the NW (S1703).

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a measurement/reporting timeline according to the second embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 16, measurements of set B are performed during a specific period (e.g., P1). The UE may report CSI measurements (results) after P1 has elapsed.

In FIG. 16, the CSI measurement is reported immediately after P1 has elapsed, but the CSI measurement may be reported a specific period of time (e.g., T symbols/slots/ms (T is an arbitrary number)) after P1 has elapsed. The T may be specified in advance in the specifications, or may be set/instructed/notified to the UE using higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the measurement/reporting operation according to the second embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 17, for the UE, 'repetition' is set to on for resource setting #X (X is an arbitrary value).

In the example shown in FIG. 17, first, sweeping of the transmit beam and receive beam is performed (step S1701). Next, the UE obtains the best beam pair (combination of transmit beam and receive beam) based on the configured receive beam assumption/selection, and generates measurement results based on the best beam pair (step S1702). After that, the UE reports the generated measurement results to the NW (step S1703).

According to the second embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately report measurement results based on the reception beam assumption/selection.

<Additional Information>
[Supplement 1: AI model information]
In this disclosure, AI model information may mean information including at least one of the following:
- AI model input/output information,
- Pre-processing/post-processing information for input/output of AI models;
・Information on the parameters of the AI model,
- Training information for the AI model;
- Inference information for AI models,
・Performance information about the AI model.

Here, the input/output information of the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
Content of input/output data (e.g. RSRP, SINR, amplitude/phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information on the Angle of Arrival (AoA), information on the Angle of Departure (AoD), location information);
- auxiliary information of the data (which may be called meta-information);
- Input/output data types (e.g. immutable values, floating point numbers),
- Bit width of input/output data (e.g. 64 bits for each input value),
Quantization interval (quantization step size) of input/output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP);
The range that the input/output data can take (e.g., [0, 1]).

In the present disclosure, the information regarding AoA may include information regarding at least one of the azimuth angle of arrival and the zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). Furthermore, the information regarding AoD may include information regarding at least one of the azimuth angle of departure and the zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

In the present disclosure, the location information may be location information regarding the UE/NW. The location information may include at least one of information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) obtained using a positioning system (e.g., a satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)), information on the BS adjacent to (or serving) the UE (e.g., a BS/cell identifier (ID), a BS-UE distance, a direction/angle of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS), coordinates of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS) (e.g., coordinates on the X/Y/Z axes), etc.), a specific address of the UE (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address), etc. The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the position of the BS, and may be information based on a specific point.

The location information may include information about its implementation (e.g., location/position/orientation of antennas, location/orientation of antenna panels, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

The location information may include mobility information. The mobility information may include information indicating at least one of the following: information indicating a mobility type, a moving speed of the UE, an acceleration of the UE, a moving direction of the UE, etc.

Here, the mobility type may correspond to at least one of fixed location UE, movable/moving UE, no mobility UE, low mobility UE, middle mobility UE, high mobility UE, cell-edge UE, not-cell-edge UE, etc.

In the present disclosure, environmental information (for data) may be information regarding the environment in which the data is acquired/used, and may correspond to, for example, frequency information (such as a band ID), environmental type information (information indicating at least one of indoor, outdoor, Urban Macro (UMa), Urban Micro (Umi), etc.), information indicating Line Of Site (LOS)/Non-Line Of Site (NLOS), etc.

Here, LOS may mean that the UE and BS are in an environment where they can see each other (or there is no obstruction), and NLOS may mean that the UE and BS are not in an environment where they can see each other (or there is an obstruction). Information indicating LOS/NLOS may indicate a soft value (e.g., the probability of LOS/NLOS) or a hard value (e.g., either LOS or NLOS).

In the present disclosure, meta-information may mean, for example, information regarding input/output information suitable for an AI model, information regarding data that has been acquired/can be acquired, etc. Specifically, meta-information may include information regarding beams of RS (e.g., CSI-RS/SRS/SSB, etc.) (e.g., the pointing angle of each beam, 3 dB beam width, the shape of the pointed beam, the number of beams), layout information of gNB/UE antennas, frequency information, environmental information, meta-information ID, etc. In addition, meta-information may be used as input/output of an AI model.

The pre-processing/post-processing information for the input/output of the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
Whether to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization, min-max normalization),
Parameters for normalization (e.g. mean/variance for Z-score normalization, min/max for min-max normalization);
Whether to apply a specific numeric transformation method (e.g., one hot encoding, label encoding, etc.);
Selection rule for whether or not to use as training data.

For example, the input information x may be subjected to Z-score normalization (x _new = (x - μ) / σ, where μ is the average of x and σ is the standard deviation) as pre-processing, and normalized input information x _new may be input to the AI model, and the output y _out from the AI model may be subjected to post-processing to obtain the final output y.

The information of the parameters of the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
- Weight information in an AI model (e.g., neuron coefficients (connection coefficients)),
・Structure of the AI model,
- Type of AI model as model component (e.g. Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, Transformer model, CRBlock, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU));
- Functions of the AI model as model components (e.g., decoder, encoder).

In addition, the weight information in the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
- Bit width (size) of weight information
Quantization interval of weight information,
- Granularity of weight information,
- The range of possible weight information
- Weight parameters in the AI model,
- Information on the difference from the AI model before the update (if updating),
- Method of weight initialization (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal/uniform/truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for Rectified Linear Units (ReLU))).

The structure of the AI model may also include information regarding at least one of the following:
Number of layers,
- Type of layer (e.g., convolutional layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer),
- Layer information,
Time series specific parameters (e.g. bidirectionality, time step),
Parameters for training (e.g., type of feature (L2 regularization, dropout feature, etc.), where to put this feature (e.g., after which layer)).

The layer information may include information regarding at least one of the following:
- The number of neurons in each layer,
- kernel size,
strides for pooling/convolutional layers,
Pooling method (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.),
- Information on the residual block,
Number of heads,
- Normalization method (batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.),
Activation functions (sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, leaky ReLU information, Maxout, Softmax).

An AI model may be included as a component of another AI model. For example, an AI model may be an AI model in which processing proceeds in the order of model component #1 (ResNet), model component #2 (a transformer model), a dense layer, and a normalization layer.

Training information for the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
Information for the optimization algorithm (e.g., type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), parameters of the optimization (learning rate, momentum information, etc.),
Loss function information (e.g., information on metrics of the loss function (Mean Absolute Error (MAE)), Mean Square Error (MSE), Cross Entropy Loss, NLL Loss, Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence, etc.));
- parameters to be frozen for training (e.g. layers, weights),
- parameters to be updated (e.g. layers, weights),
- parameters (e.g. layers, weights) that should be (used as) initial parameters for training,
How to train/update the AI model (e.g., (recommended) number of epochs, batch size, number of data used for training).

The inference information for the AI model may include information regarding decision tree branch pruning, parameter quantization, and the function of the AI model. Here, the function of the AI model may correspond to at least one of, for example, time domain beam prediction, spatial domain beam prediction, autoencoder for CSI feedback, and autoencoder for beam management.

An autoencoder for CSI feedback may be used as follows:
The UE inputs the CSI/channel matrix/precoding matrix into the AI model of the encoder and transmits the encoded bits as CSI feedback (CSI report);
- The BS reconstructs the CSI/channel matrix/precoding matrix, which is output as input to the AI model of the decoder using the received encoded bits.

In spatial domain beam prediction, the UE/BS may input measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) based on sparse (or thick) beams into an AI model to output dense (or thin) beam quality.

In time domain beam prediction, the UE/BS may input time series (past, present, etc.) measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) into an AI model and output future beam quality.

The performance information regarding the AI model may include information regarding the expected value of a loss function defined for the AI model.

The AI model information in this disclosure may include information regarding the scope of application (scope of applicability) of the AI model. The scope of application may be indicated by a physical cell ID, a serving cell index, etc. Information regarding the scope of application may be included in the above-mentioned environmental information.

AI model information regarding a specific AI model may be predetermined in a standard, or may be notified to the UE from the network (NW). An AI model defined in a standard may be referred to as a reference AI model. AI model information regarding a reference AI model may be referred to as reference AI model information.

The AI model information in the present disclosure may include an index for identifying the AI model (e.g., may be called an AI model index, an AI model ID, a model ID, etc.). The AI model information in the present disclosure may include an AI model index in addition to/instead of the input/output information of the AI model described above. The association between the AI model index and the AI model information (e.g., input/output information of the AI model) may be predetermined in a standard, or may be notified to the UE from the NW.

The AI model information in this disclosure may be associated with an AI model and may be referred to as AI model relevant information, simply relevant information, etc. The AI model relevant information does not need to explicitly include information for identifying the AI model. The AI model relevant information may be information that includes only meta information, for example.

In the present disclosure, the model ID may be interchangeably read as an ID (model set ID) corresponding to a set of AI models. Also, in the present disclosure, the model ID may be interchangeably read as a meta information ID. The meta information (or meta information ID) may be associated with information regarding the beam (beam setting) as described above. For example, the meta information (or meta information ID) may be used by the UE to select an AI model taking into account which beam the BS is using, or may be used to notify the BS of which beam to use to apply the AI model deployed by the UE. Also, in the present disclosure, the meta information ID may be interchangeably read as an ID (meta information set ID) corresponding to a set of meta information.

[Supplementary Note 2: Notification of information to UE]
In the above-described embodiment, any information may be notified to the UE (from the NW) (in other words, any information received from the BS in the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

When the above notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader that is not specified in existing standards.

When the notification is made by a DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[Supplementary Note 3: Notification of information from UE]
In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission/report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

If the notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not specified in existing standards.

If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned embodiments, notification of any information from the UE may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[Application of each embodiment]
At least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is satisfied, which may be specified in a standard or may be notified to a UE/BS using higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling.

At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support certain UE capabilities, for example, as described below (by way of example only):
Support AI/ML based beam prediction (temporal/spatial domain beam prediction).
Support receive beam selection/estimation.

The particular UE capability may indicate support for particular processing/operations/control/information for at least one of the above embodiments/options/options.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities per frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), capabilities per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities per subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or capabilities per Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

The specific UE capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be capabilities for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

Furthermore, at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied when the UE configures/activates/triggers specific information related to the above-mentioned embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-mentioned embodiments) by higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating the enablement of the use of an AI/ML model, information indicating the enablement of CSI prediction, information indicating the enablement of AI-based beam prediction (temporal/spatial domain beam prediction), information indicating the enablement of receive beam selection/assumption, any RRC parameters for a particular release (e.g., Rel. 18/19), etc.

If the UE does not support at least one of the above specific UE capabilities or the above specific information is not configured, the UE may apply, for example, the behavior of Rel. 15/16/17.

(Additional Note)
With respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the following invention is noted.
[Appendix 1]
A receiving unit for receiving a setting regarding a selection of a downlink receiving beam for reporting channel state information;
A terminal having a control unit that performs measurements of multiple downlink transmission beams based on the setting and controls reporting of the results of the measurements.
[Appendix 2]
A terminal as described in Supplementary Note 1, wherein the control unit independently selects a corresponding downlink receiving beam for each of the multiple downlink transmitting beams and controls the terminal to report the results of the measurement.
[Appendix 3]
A terminal as described in Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the control unit selects a common downlink receiving beam corresponding to the multiple downlink transmitting beams and controls the terminal to report the results of the measurement.
[Appendix 4]
The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the configuration is a Radio Resource Control (RRC) parameter for channel state information reporting.

(Wireless communication system)
A configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination of these.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may simply be referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like.

The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are arranged within the macrocell C1 and form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The arrangement and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

In addition, the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.

The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which corresponds to the upper station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which corresponds to a relay station, may be called an IAB node.

The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include at least one of, for example, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as, for example, a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Note that multiple functions may be provided by one network node. In addition, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may be performed via the DN.

The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

In the wireless communication system 1, a wireless access method based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) may be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc. may be used.

The radio access method may also be called a waveform. In the wireless communication system 1, other radio access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL radio access methods.

In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.

User data, upper layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. are transmitted via PDSCH. User data, upper layer control information, etc. may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Block (MIB) may also be transmitted via PBCH.

Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be called a DL assignment or DL DCI, and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be called a UL grant or UL DCI. Note that the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

A control resource set (COntrol REsource SET (CORESET)) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to the resources to search for DCI. The search space corresponds to the search region and search method of PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or multiple search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a search space based on the search space configuration.

A search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space setting," "search space set setting," "CORESET," "CORESET setting," etc. in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.

The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK/NACK, etc.), and a scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

Note that in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS/PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), etc. In addition, the SS, SSB, etc. may also be called a reference signal.

In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, a measurement reference signal (Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

(Base station)
19 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

Note that this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the base station 10 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing of communication channels (setting, release, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

The transceiver unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmission unit and a reception unit. The transmission unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The reception unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

The transmitting/receiving antenna 130 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.

The transceiver 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

The transceiver 120 (transmission processor 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

Note that the transmitter and receiver of the base station 10 in this disclosure may be configured with at least one of the transmitter/receiver 120, the transmitter/receiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

The transceiver unit 120 may transmit a setting regarding the selection of a downlink receiving beam for reporting channel state information. The control unit 110 may control the reception of measurement result reports of multiple downlink transmitting beams measured based on the setting (first and second embodiments).

(User terminal)
20 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting/receiving unit 220, and a transmitting/receiving antenna 230. Note that the control unit 210, the transmitting/receiving unit 220, and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 may each be provided in one or more units.

Note that this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the user terminal 20 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230, measurement, etc. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

The transceiver unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmission unit and a reception unit. The transmission unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The reception unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

The transmitting/receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

The transceiver 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.

The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on the data and control information acquired from the controller 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the settings of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing in order to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, it is not necessary to perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing.

The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

The transceiver 220 (reception processor 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may be called CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting/receiving unit 220 and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230.

The transceiver unit 220 may receive a setting regarding the selection of a downlink receiving beam for reporting channel state information. The control unit 210 may measure multiple downlink transmitting beams based on the setting and control the reporting of the results of the measurement (first/second embodiment).

The control unit 210 may control the system to independently select a corresponding downlink receiving beam for each of the multiple downlink transmitting beams and report the results of the measurement (first embodiment).

The control unit 210 may select a common downlink receiving beam corresponding to the multiple downlink transmitting beams and control the reporting of the measurement results (first embodiment).

The settings may be Radio Resource Control (RRC) parameters for reporting channel state information (first embodiment).

(Hardware configuration)
The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. The method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more devices that are physically or logically separated and directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.). The functional blocks may be realized by combining the one device or the multiple devices with software.

Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgement, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs the transmission function may be called a transmitting unit, a transmitter, and the like. In either case, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the method of realization.

For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

In addition, in this disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or using other techniques. Furthermore, the processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

The functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are realized, for example, by loading specific software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communications via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transmission/reception unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

The processor 1001 also reads out programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes according to these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks.

Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), and other suitable storage media. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., to realize at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting/receiving antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one structure (e.g., a touch panel).

Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

(Modification)
In addition, the terms described in this disclosure and the terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be read as mutually interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may be called a pilot, a pilot signal, or the like depending on the applied standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, or the like.

A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter that is applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of the following: SubCarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units when transmitting a signal. A different name may be used for a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol, respectively. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.

For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station schedules each user terminal by allocating radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-coded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) in which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

Note that when one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (minislots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

Note that a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, and may be, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

Furthermore, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may be one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI in length. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (Physical RB (PRB)), a sub-carrier group (Sub-Carrier Group (SCG)), a resource element group (Resource Element Group (REG)), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area of one subcarrier and one symbol.

A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RB relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal/channel outside the active BWP. Note that "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

Note that the above-mentioned structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, as well as the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, and the cyclic prefix (CP) length can be changed in various ways.

In addition, the information, parameters, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using absolute values, may be represented using relative values from a predetermined value, or may be represented using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting in any respect.

The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

In addition, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and/or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input/output via multiple network nodes.

Input/output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input/output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

The notification of information is not limited to the aspects/embodiments described in this disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), etc.), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination of these.

The physical layer signaling may be called Layer 1/Layer 2 (L1/L2) control information (L1/L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. The RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc. The MAC signaling may be notified, for example, using a MAC Control Element (CE).

Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

The determination may be based on a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value represented by true or false, or a comparison of numerical values (e.g., with a predetermined value).

Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and/or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave, etc.), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. "Network" may refer to the devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding", "precoder", "weight (precoding weight)", "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)", "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)", "spatial relation", "spatial domain filter", "transmit power", "phase rotation", "antenna port", "layer", "number of layers", "rank", "resource", "resource set", "beam", "beam width", "beam angle", "antenna", "antenna element", "panel", "UE panel", "transmitting entity", "receiving entity", etc. may be used interchangeably.

In the present disclosure, the antenna port may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal/channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the resource may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal/channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time/frequency/code/space/power resources. The spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

The above groups may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, etc.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, "QCL", "QCL assumptions", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property/properties", "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) characteristics", "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)", etc. may be read as interchangeable.

In this disclosure, the terms index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, the terms sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable as "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. TCI state and TCI may be interchangeable. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "Radio base station", "Fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission/Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell group", "Carrier", "Component carrier", etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small base station for indoor use (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of at least one of the base station and base station subsystems that provide communication services in this coverage.

In this disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control/operate based on the information.

In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. In addition, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

The moving body in question refers to an object that can move, and the moving speed is arbitrary, and of course includes the case where the moving body is stationary. The moving body in question includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted on these. The moving body in question may also be a moving body that moves autonomously based on an operating command.

The moving object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned moving object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

The drive unit 41 is composed of at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an Input/Output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

Signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the motor current, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 acquired by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 acquired by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 58.

The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, displays, televisions, and radios, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information/services (e.g., multimedia information/multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that perform output to the outside.

The driving assistance system unit 64 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving load, such as a millimeter wave radar, a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., a High Definition (HD) map, an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), an Inertial Navigation System (INS), etc.), an Artificial Intelligence (AI) chip, and an AI processor, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize a driving assistance function or an autonomous driving function.

The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 between the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58 that are provided on the vehicle 40.

The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10 or user terminal 20. The communication module 60 may also be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the signals from the various sensors 50-58 described above input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.

The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data/information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

The communication module 60 also stores various information received from external devices in memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided on the vehicle 40.

Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, the uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. may be read as the sidelink channel.

Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure may be interpreted as a base station. In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

In this disclosure, operations that are described as being performed by a base station may in some cases also be performed by its upper node. In a network that includes one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) or a Serving-Gateway (S-GW)), or a combination of these.

Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched between depending on the implementation. In addition, the processing procedures, sequences, flow charts, etc. of each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged as long as there is no inconsistency. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an exemplary order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure includes Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio The present invention may be applied to systems that use Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and other appropriate wireless communication methods, as well as next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. In addition, multiple systems may be combined (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G, etc.).

As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

Any reference to elements using designations such as "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, etc.

"Determining" may also be considered to mean "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc.

Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered to mean "judging (deciding)" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment (decision)" may be considered to mean "judging (deciding)" some kind of action. In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" may be interpreted interchangeably with the actions described above.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine/determining" may be interpreted interchangeably as "assume/assuming," "expect/expecting," "consider/considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interpreted interchangeably as "assumes not to do...."

In the present disclosure, "expect" may be read as "be expected". For example, "expect(s)..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to infinitive, etc.) may be read as "be expected...". "does not expect..." may be read as "be not expected...". Also, "An apparatus A is not expected..." may be read as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect..." (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

The "maximum transmit power" referred to in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, may mean the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or may mean the rated UE maximum transmit power.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected" and "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between the elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "accessed."

In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, and the like, as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, and the like, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Additionally, the term "or," as used in this disclosure, is not intended to be an exclusive or.

In this disclosure, where articles have been added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are plural.

In this disclosure, terms such as "less than", "less than", "greater than", "more than", "equal to", etc. may be read as interchangeable. In addition, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good", "bad", "big", "small", "high", "low", "fast", "slow", "wide", "narrow", etc. may be read as interchangeable, not limited to positive, comparative and superlative. In addition, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good", "bad", "big", "small", "high", "low", "fast", "slow", "wide", "narrow", etc. may be read as interchangeable, not limited to positive, comparative and superlative, as expressions with "ith" (i is any integer) (for example, "best" may be read as "ith best").

In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

In the present disclosure, "when A, B", "if A, (then) B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during/while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as)/on A", "B after A", "B since A", "B until A" and the like may be read as interchangeable. Note that A, B, etc. here may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and normal sentences depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be almost 0 (immediately after or immediately before). Also, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be read interchangeably as "before/after the time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols/slots) may be predefined or may be identified by the UE based on signaled information.

In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.

The invention disclosed herein has been described in detail above, but it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention disclosed herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The description of the present disclosure is intended for illustrative purposes only and does not imply any limitation on the invention disclosed herein.

Claims (6)

A receiving unit for receiving a setting regarding a selection of a downlink receiving beam for reporting channel state information;
A terminal having a control unit that performs measurements of multiple downlink transmission beams based on the setting and controls reporting of the results of the measurements. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit independently selects a corresponding downlink receiving beam for each of the plurality of downlink transmitting beams and controls the terminal to report the results of the measurement. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit selects a common downlink receiving beam corresponding to the plurality of downlink transmitting beams and controls the terminal to report the results of the measurement. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the settings are Radio Resource Control (RRC) parameters for reporting channel state information. receiving a configuration regarding a selection of a downlink receive beam for reporting channel state information;
A wireless communication method for a terminal comprising a step of performing measurements of multiple downlink transmission beams based on the setting and controlling reporting of results of the measurements. A transmitter for transmitting a setting regarding a selection of a downlink receiving beam for reporting channel state information;
A base station having a control unit that controls reception of measurement result reports of multiple downlink transmission beams measured based on the setting.

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