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WO2024153920A1 - Matières à changement de phase - Google Patents

Matières à changement de phase Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024153920A1
WO2024153920A1 PCT/GB2024/050113 GB2024050113W WO2024153920A1 WO 2024153920 A1 WO2024153920 A1 WO 2024153920A1 GB 2024050113 W GB2024050113 W GB 2024050113W WO 2024153920 A1 WO2024153920 A1 WO 2024153920A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase change
composition according
change material
crodatherm
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2024/050113
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English (en)
Inventor
Ian Stuart Biggin
Rainer Busch
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2024153920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024153920A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/36—After-treatment
    • C08J9/40—Impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/36—After-treatment
    • C08J9/40—Impregnation
    • C08J9/42—Impregnation with macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/036—Use of an organic, non-polymeric compound to impregnate, bind or coat a foam, e.g. fatty acid ester
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
    • C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
    • C08J2205/05—Open cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are open
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2361/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
    • C08J2361/26—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds
    • C08J2361/28—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds with melamine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2453/00—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2453/02—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved phase change material and shape or form stable materials in particular.
  • phase change materials for use as a thermal store to maintain a reduced or elevated temperature, relative to the ambient temperature, within containers, for example in transport of chilled medical goods such as vaccines.
  • the skilled person will recognise that the present invention can be used to maintain the temperature of a variety of containers and the goods contained therein and is not limited to medicines, vaccines etc.
  • temperature sensitive items including, but not limited to, vaccines and other pharmaceutical products, foods and beverages, human organs and other biological materials
  • Overheating or overcooling can damage these temperature sensitive materials.
  • insulated storage/transport technology has been developed. In many instances this comprises the temperature sensitive materials, or payload (i.e. that part of the package from which revenue is derived), adjacent and/or abutting one or more packs of phase change material. The payload and one or more phase change material packs are then protected by insulation and finally exterior packaging.
  • phase change temperature of the phase change material is selected to match the required storage temperature of the payload.
  • the final package could be a cardboard box, a pallet cover or larger.
  • the packages are designed to protect their contents during transport and delivery to their final destination. Water is a common phase change material and it is often thickened to form a gel, in rigid plastic bottles or pouches.
  • esters are described in U.S. Patent application No. 2018/0244971 , inventors Auerbach and Van Aken, which is incorporated herein by reference. These esters are reaction products of linear carboxylic acids, which have at least 4 carbon atoms and linear alcohols containing at least 4 carbon atoms, wherein the total number of carbon atoms in the ester is between 13 and 31.
  • esters e.g. methyl, ethyl and n-propyl
  • phase change material containers can migrate through polyethylene bottles or affect the seals of multi-layered pouches. This can be alleviated by treating the HDPE bottles using fluorination to increase their resistance to the migration of phase change materials or by using pouches with more resistant seals.
  • Shape stable, organic phase change materials may be prepared by various methods but linear styrene triblock polymers are often employed. These polymers comprise polystyrene end groups joined by a central hydrocarbon rubber section. This central section could comprise hydrocarbon monomers including but not limited to ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene etc.
  • the shape stable, or gelled, phase change material is prepared by mixing the phase change material and the polymer and heating the mixture until the polymer dissolves completely, or partially. It is then cooled to room temperature. Care must be taken to ensure that the heating temperature remains substantially below the flash point of the phase change material.
  • the heated material can be poured into moulds and then cut to size, placed in a pouch and vacuum sealed, or it can be poured, whilst hot, directly into a pouch and vacuum sealed.
  • phase change materials could be organic (alkanes, acids, alcohols or esters) or salt hydrates.
  • Products based on this technology are sold by Temprecision International but tend to be based on phenol formaldehyde resins. These have a high absorptive capacity for water and phase change materials but are frangible, having low resistance to abrasion and pressure.
  • thermal storage unit which contains an open cell foam based on a melamine formaldehyde condensation product, the cell pores of which are completely or partially filled with a free flowing heat transfer medium, and its production.
  • a shape stable phase change composition comprising a foam member at least partially impregnated or containing phase change material, wherein said phase change material is a non-draining liquid or non-draining gel.
  • the foam is an open cell foam.
  • the foam is melamine foam.
  • the foam is melamine formaldehyde foam.
  • phase change material is a nondraining gel.
  • gel is a viscosified phase change material.
  • phase change material gel includes a phase change material and at least one gelling agent or viscosifying polymer.
  • the gelling agent or polymer is preferably substantially ⁇ 15% by weight of the phase change material, more preferably at ⁇ 10% by weight and most preferably at 5% or less.
  • phase change material is an alkane.
  • alkane is tetradecane (C14).
  • the phase change material is an ester.
  • the ester is octyl laurate (octyl dodecanoate) .
  • the phase change material is any one or any combination of; tetradecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, eicosane, docosane (from Sasol Germany GmbH), esters including CrodaTherm 5, CrodaTherm 6.5, CrodaTherm 9.5, CrodaTherm 15, CrodaTherm 19, CrodaTherm 21, CrodaTherm 24W, CrodaTherm 29, CrodaTherm 32, CrodaTherm 37, CrodaTherm 53, CrodaTherm 60 and CrodaTherm 74 (from Croda Europe), stearyl alcohol and/or stearic acid.
  • esters including CrodaTherm 5, CrodaTherm 6.5, CrodaTherm 9.5, CrodaTherm 15, CrodaTherm 19, CrodaTherm 21, CrodaTherm 24W, CrodaTher
  • the polymer or viscosifying polymer is a block copolymer.
  • the polymer is a styrene ethylene ethylene propylene styrene copolymer (SEEPS) .
  • the polymer is a thermoplastic copolymer.
  • the polymer is ethylene-butylene/ styrene thermoplastic copolymer.
  • the polymer is styrene- [ethylene- (ethylene- propylene)] -styrene block copolymer.
  • Non-polar phase change materials require a relatively low molecular weight polymer such as Septon 4033 a SEEPS block copolymer or ethylene-butylene/ styrene thermoplastic copolymer.
  • polar phase change materials requires- a higher molecular weight polymer such as Septon 4077 a styrene- [ethylene- (ethylene-propylene)]-styrene block copolymer.
  • the polymer or viscosifying polymer is any one or any combination of; Septon HG-252, Septon 1020, Septon 4033, Septon 4055, Septon 4077, Septon 4099 (from Kuraray), Kraton 1654, Kraton 1651 , Kraton 1633 (from Kraton Polymers), Calprene H6120, Calprene H6144, Calprene H6174 and Calprene H6410X (from Dynasol Group) .
  • the composition is effective (absorbs energy at the phase transition) substantially at or between 2 °C — 8 °C.
  • the composition is effective to maintain a frozen temperature inside a container or the like at, or substantially around -20 °C.
  • controlled room temperature or room temperature is defined as 15-25 °C.
  • the open cell foam is a phenolic foam.
  • the open cell foam is polyether — polyurethane foam and/ or polyester polyurethane foam.
  • a phase change composition comprising an open cell foam impregnated with a phase change material gel or viscosified liquid wherein said gel or liquid is produced by heating a phase change material and a gelling agent or polymer to dissolve the gelling agent or polymer producing a substantially homogenous, low viscosity liquid.
  • the heating temperature should be above room temperature, which is typically 15 °C to 30 °C, but below the flash point of the phase change material.
  • the hot liquid is then impregnated into the melamine formaldehyde foam and allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the air within the foam is substantially replaced by the phase change material/polymer mixture.
  • the impregnation can be achieved by vacuum and/ or pressure impregnation.
  • a phase change material device comprising a pouch or housing containing a phase change composition comprising a foam member at least partially impregnated or containing phase change material, wherein said phase change material is a nondraining liquid or non-draining gel.
  • the present invention is an open cell, melamine formaldehyde foam which is impregnated with a viscosified phase change material at an elevated temperature and then allowed to cool to form a non-draining gel within the structure of the foam.
  • a phase change material gel is produced by heating a phase change material and a gelling agent to dissolve the gelling agent and produce a homogenous, low viscosity liquid.
  • the heating temperature should be above room temperature, which is typically 15°C to 30°C, but below the flash point of the phase change material.
  • the hot liquid is then impregnated into the melamine formaldehyde foam and allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the air within the foam should be replaced by the hot phase change material/polymer mixture. This can be achieved by either vacuum or pressure impregnation or other means such as dipping or spraying or any method known to those skilled in the art.
  • phase change material for cold chain packaging and transport are made from strong, rigid high density polyethylene, are self-supporting and can be used multiple times without fear of damage or leaks. However, they are heavy and expensive, particularly if they require fluorination to minimise/eliminate the migration of the phase change material through the container.
  • the present invention uses melamine formaldehyde foams which possess extremely high porosity/absorptive capacity, very low density (9 kg/ m 3 ) and are both rigid and strong, to the extent that some of these are used as scouring pads to clean work surfaces etc.
  • One disadvantage of these foams is that, due their open cell structure and inhomogeneous pore size (10 — 1000 microns) absorbed phase change materials, in their liquid phase, will not be retained and will drain out due to gravity or applied pressure.
  • This invention overcomes this problem by increasing the viscosity of the phase change material by the use of viscosifying polymers.
  • phase change material/polymer blend must be selected carefully to provide a suitable balance of performance, cost and ease of manufacture.
  • the polymer should be selected such that it can be added preferably at ⁇ 15% by weight of the phase change material, more preferably at ⁇ 10% by weight and most preferably at 5% or less.
  • the polymer type and addition level should enable a low viscosity, homogenous phase change material/polymer solution to be produced at an elevated temperature, which is nevertheless below the flash point of the phase change material. This solution is then adsorbed into the foam using either vacuum or pressure and the temperature allowed to fall to room temperature.
  • Compatibility tests were performed on a wide range of polymer and PCM blends. These involved mixing 5% by weight of viscosifying polymer with 95% by weight of PCM.
  • the PCMs tested included alkanes such as tetradecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, eicosane and docosane , from Sasol Germany GmbH and esters including CrodaTherm 5, CrodaTherm 6.5, CrodaTherm 9.5, CrodaTherm 15, CrodaTherm 19, CrodaTherm 21 , CrodaTherm 24W, CrodaTherm 29, CrodaTherm 32, CrodaTherm 37, CrodaTherm 53, CrodaTherm 60 and CrodaTherm 74 from Croda Europe. Also tested were stearyl alcohol and stearic acid.
  • the polymers tested included Septon HG-252, Septon 1020, Septon 4033, Septon 4055, Septon 4077, Septon 4099 from Kuraray; Kraton 1654, Kraton 1651, Kraton 1633 from Kraton Polymers, and Calprene H6120, Calprene H6144, Calprene H6174 and Calprene H6410X from Dynasol Group.
  • the tests involved heating the PCM/polymer mixture in a small, screw capped aluminium container until the mixture became a low viscosity liquid. It was then allowed to cool to a temperature above its crystallisation point and tested to determine whether it had formed a stable gel. The surface of the gel was contacted either with a finger, or a microscope slide to determine whether there was any free liquid on the surface of the gel or whether the gel was completely homogenous. This became known as the wet finger test.
  • the examples below were based on PCM/polymer blends that passed the wet finger test and gave completely homogenous gels i.e. without free surface liquid.
  • Basotect G+ foam 75 x 75 x 12.5mm was placed in a pouch and ⁇ 60g tetradecane added (no polymer) . After vacuum sealing, the PCM was not held tightly within the foam and gentle finger pressure, or gravity, was sufficient to cause the PCM to leak from the foam at room temperature.
  • Tests were also performed on a number of different open cell foams, with a sample of Basotect G+ (ex-BASF) used as a comparison. Apart from the Basotect G+ (melamineformaldehyde; density 0.009 g/ml), the other foams were Oasis Floral Foam (phenol-formaldehyde — density 0.025 g/ml), TFS 103 (polyether-polyurethane; density 0.025 g/ml), TFS 108 (polyether-polyurethane; density 0.065 g/ml), TFS 200 (polyester-polyurethane; density 0.032 g/ml) and TFS 407 (reticulated polyether-polyurethane; density 0.028 g/ml) .
  • Basotect G+ Melamineformaldehyde; density 0.009 g/ml
  • the other foams were Oasis Floral Foam (phenol-formaldeh
  • the Oasis foam was supplied by Smithers-Oasis UK. Ltd., whilst the other foams were supplied by Technical Foam Services Ltd. Apart from the Oasis foam, all the other samples would not retain all the PCM without the use of a viscosifying polymer. All samples measured 100mm x 100mm x supplied thickness. The thickness was as received from the supplier.
  • the PCM/polymer solution comprised 5% by weight Septon 4077 and 95% by weight CrodaTherm 6.5. The solution was mixed and heated as above in Example 2. The required weight of solution was calculated and it was then weighed into a pouch, containing the foam under test, vacuum impregnated and heat sealed.
  • T-History type tests small, screw topped aluminium vials were weighed and fitted with K-type thermocouples in the centre of the vials. Two vials (1 and 2) had 15g tetradecane added.
  • the vials were all heated for a further 30 minutes, to ensure good contact with the internal vial surface and then the thermocouples were fitted and the vials cooled to room temperature. All vials were placed in insulated foam jackets, to prevent too rapid temperature changes.
  • the thermocouple data loggers were activated and the vials placed in a -18oC freezer. Once the samples had cooled to ⁇ - 18oC they were removed from the freezer and allowed to warm to room temperature. This was repeated for a total of three freeze/melt cycles. The results are shown in figure 1 (for the 1 st cycle).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions à changement de phase à forme stable qui comprennent un élément en mousse au moins partiellement imprégné ou contenant une matière à changement de phase, ladite matière à changement de phase étant un liquide non drainant ou un gel non drainant.
PCT/GB2024/050113 2023-01-16 2024-01-16 Matières à changement de phase Ceased WO2024153920A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2300637.2A GB2626197A (en) 2023-01-16 2023-01-16 Shape stable phase change materials
GB2300637.2 2023-01-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024153920A1 true WO2024153920A1 (fr) 2024-07-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2024/050113 Ceased WO2024153920A1 (fr) 2023-01-16 2024-01-16 Matières à changement de phase

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GB (1) GB2626197A (fr)
WO (1) WO2024153920A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117964983B (zh) * 2024-02-06 2024-10-01 相变储能(北京)科技有限公司 一种粘性复合相变材料、粘性复合相变片材及其制备方法和应用

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020147242A1 (en) 2001-02-20 2002-10-10 Salyer Ival O. Micropore open cell foam composite and method for manufacturing same
EP1498680A1 (fr) 2003-07-16 2005-01-19 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Accumulateur en mousse de mélamine-formaldéhyde pour le maintien de froid et de chaud
WO2014052409A2 (fr) 2012-09-25 2014-04-03 Cold Chain Technologies, Inc. Gel comprenant un matériau à changement de phase, procédé de préparation du gel, et équipement à échange thermique comprenant le gel
DE102016013415A1 (de) 2016-11-10 2018-05-17 Rainer Busch Verfahren zur Herstellung eines formstabilen, auslaufsicheren Phase Change Material System (PCM - S)
US20180244971A1 (en) 2015-09-08 2018-08-30 Croda International Plc Phase Change Materials and Methods of Regulating Temperature
US20210292630A1 (en) 2012-09-25 2021-09-23 Cold Chain Technologies, Llc Gel comprising a phase-change material, method of preparing the gel, thermal exchange implement comprising the gel, and method of preparing the thermal exchange implement
DE102020002843A1 (de) 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 Rainer Busch Verfahren zur Herstellung eines formstabilen und auslaufsicheren Energiespeichermedium
DE102021005863A1 (de) 2020-12-29 2022-06-30 Rainer Busch Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Energiespeichermedium durch sogenannten kalten Mixprozess und reduziertem Schmelzflussindex (MFR)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2022277017A1 (en) * 2021-05-18 2024-01-04 Auckland Uniservices Limited Polyurethane foams comprising phase change materials
CN113403039B (zh) * 2021-07-01 2021-12-03 四川大学 一种多功能相变储能复合材料及其制备方法

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020147242A1 (en) 2001-02-20 2002-10-10 Salyer Ival O. Micropore open cell foam composite and method for manufacturing same
EP1498680A1 (fr) 2003-07-16 2005-01-19 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Accumulateur en mousse de mélamine-formaldéhyde pour le maintien de froid et de chaud
WO2014052409A2 (fr) 2012-09-25 2014-04-03 Cold Chain Technologies, Inc. Gel comprenant un matériau à changement de phase, procédé de préparation du gel, et équipement à échange thermique comprenant le gel
US9556373B2 (en) * 2012-09-25 2017-01-31 Cold Chain Technologies, Inc. Gel comprising a phase-change material, method of preparing the gel, and thermal exchange implement comprising the gel
US20210292630A1 (en) 2012-09-25 2021-09-23 Cold Chain Technologies, Llc Gel comprising a phase-change material, method of preparing the gel, thermal exchange implement comprising the gel, and method of preparing the thermal exchange implement
US20180244971A1 (en) 2015-09-08 2018-08-30 Croda International Plc Phase Change Materials and Methods of Regulating Temperature
DE102016013415A1 (de) 2016-11-10 2018-05-17 Rainer Busch Verfahren zur Herstellung eines formstabilen, auslaufsicheren Phase Change Material System (PCM - S)
DE102020002843A1 (de) 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 Rainer Busch Verfahren zur Herstellung eines formstabilen und auslaufsicheren Energiespeichermedium
DE102021005863A1 (de) 2020-12-29 2022-06-30 Rainer Busch Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Energiespeichermedium durch sogenannten kalten Mixprozess und reduziertem Schmelzflussindex (MFR)

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GB202300637D0 (en) 2023-03-01
GB2626197A (en) 2024-07-17

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