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WO2024152307A1 - Procédé et appareils pour la transmission sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et appareils pour la transmission sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024152307A1
WO2024152307A1 PCT/CN2023/073178 CN2023073178W WO2024152307A1 WO 2024152307 A1 WO2024152307 A1 WO 2024152307A1 CN 2023073178 W CN2023073178 W CN 2023073178W WO 2024152307 A1 WO2024152307 A1 WO 2024152307A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
component
base station
power
transmission power
total transmission
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/073178
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kunpeng Qi
Ping Wu
Changqing YUAN
Wenguang Wang
Yasong ZHANG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority to PCT/CN2023/073178 priority Critical patent/WO2024152307A1/fr
Publication of WO2024152307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024152307A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
    • H04W52/14—Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
    • H04W52/143—Downlink power control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/30—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/36—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
    • H04W52/367—Power values between minimum and maximum limits, e.g. dynamic range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/386—TPC being performed in particular situations centralized, e.g. when the radio network controller or equivalent takes part in the power control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission
    • H04W52/281—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission taking into account user or data type priority

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the disclosure generally relate to communication, and, more particularly, to a method and apparatuses for wireless transmission.
  • a base station usually includes two parts: one is baseband and the other is radio. The most of the power is consumed by the radio.
  • the downlink of one radio comprises: digital processing part, e.g. channel filter, clipping factor reduction (CFR) ; transmission/reception (TRX) integrated circuit (IC) , e.g. digital to analog (DAC) , analog to digital (ADC) ; and power amplifier (PA) .
  • digital processing part e.g. channel filter, clipping factor reduction (CFR)
  • TRX transmission/reception
  • IC e.g. digital to analog (DAC) , analog to digital (ADC)
  • PA power amplifier
  • One of the objects of the disclosure is to provide an improved solution for wireless transmission.
  • one of the problems to be solved by the disclosure is that some component (s) of the radio could not be turned off or their parameters could not be tuned for power saving in the existing solution because there is no sufficient time for doing this.
  • a base station may comprise a power determination component and a radio component.
  • the power determination component may be configured to determine a total transmission power to be consumed in a transmission time interval (TTI) , and to provide the determined total transmission power to the radio component.
  • the radio component may be configured to perform one or more power adjusting operations, based on the total transmission power provided by the power determination component.
  • the power determination component may be provided in a radio resource management (RRM) component of the base station or operate in parallel with the RRM component.
  • RRM radio resource management
  • the one or more power adjusting operations may comprise at least one of: turning off one or more first sub-components of the radio component; turning on one or more second sub-components of the radio component; and adjusting a drain voltage of a power amplifier of the radio component.
  • one or more first sub-components of the radio component may be continuously kept in turned-off state for multiple TTIs when the total transmission powers determined for the multiple TTIs are zero.
  • the determined total transmission power may be provided to the radio component via an interface component.
  • the determined total transmission power may be provided to the radio component in a power indication message.
  • the power determination component may be provided in the RRM component.
  • the power determination component may be configured to determine the total transmission power based on a result of resource allocation that is determined by the RRM component for the TTI.
  • the power determination component may be provided in the RRM component.
  • the power determination component may be configured to determine the total transmission power by using a simplified resource allocation than a normal resource allocation of the RRM component.
  • the total transmission power may be determined prior to the normal resource allocation of the RRM component.
  • the power determination component may operate in parallel with the RRM component.
  • the power determination component may be configured to determine the total transmission power by using a simplified resource allocation than a normal resource allocation of the RRM component.
  • the power determination component may be implemented separately from the RRM component.
  • the power determination component and the RRM component may be respectively implemented by different processors.
  • the determination of the total transmission power may be triggered when the RRM component starts normal resource allocation for the TTI.
  • the total transmission power may be based on an amount of total resources required for transmitting signals in the TTI, which is a sum of: a total amount of first resources required for downlink data transmission; a total amount of second resources required for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions which are related to uplink data transmission and the downlink data transmission; and a total amount of third resources required for common channel transmission.
  • an amount of total resources required for transmitting signals in the TTI which is a sum of: a total amount of first resources required for downlink data transmission; a total amount of second resources required for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions which are related to uplink data transmission and the downlink data transmission; and a total amount of third resources required for common channel transmission.
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • the total amount of the first resources may be determined based on available data in a transmission buffer of the base station.
  • an amount of the first resources required for transmitting the data item may be determined as a quotient between a size of the data item and a number of bits per physical resource block (PRB) that corresponds to a channel quality for the SE.
  • PRB physical resource block
  • the number of bits per PRB that corresponds to the channel quality for the SE may be from a first predetermined table indicating a correspondence between multiple predetermined channel qualities and corresponding numbers of bits per PRB.
  • an amount of the second resources required for the PDCCH transmission related to the SE may be determined as a quotient between a size of downlink control information (DCI) for the SE and a number of bits per control channel element (CCE) that corresponds to a channel quality for the SE.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • CCE bits per control channel element
  • the number bits per CCE that corresponds to the channel quality for the SE may be from a second predetermined table indicating a correspondence between multiple predetermined channel qualities and corresponding numbers of bits per CCE.
  • the channel quality for the SE may be an average value or a minimum value of channel qualities at different frequencies which are reported by a terminal device corresponding to the SE.
  • the channel quality may be represented by one of: channel quality indicator (CQI) ; and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) .
  • CQI channel quality indicator
  • SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio
  • the total amount of the third resources may be a value predetermined during a cell setup.
  • a method performed by a base station may comprise determining a total transmission power to be consumed in a TTI.
  • the method may further comprise providing the determined total transmission power to a radio component of the base station.
  • the method may further comprise performing one or more power adjusting operations by the radio component, based on the total transmission power.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in an RRM component of the base station or in parallel with operations of the RRM component.
  • the one or more power adjusting operations may comprise at least one of: turning off one or more first sub-components of the radio component; turning on one or more second sub-components of the radio component; and adjusting a drain voltage of a power amplifier of the radio component.
  • one or more first sub-components of the radio component may be continuously kept in turned-off state for multiple TTIs when the total transmission powers determined for the multiple TTIs are zero.
  • the determined total transmission power may be provided to the radio component via an interface component.
  • the determined total transmission power may be provided to the radio component in a power indication message.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in the RRM component.
  • the total transmission power may be determined based on a result of resource allocation that is determined by the RRM component for the TTI.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in the RRM component.
  • the total transmission power may be determined by using a simplified resource allocation than a normal resource allocation of the RRM component.
  • the total transmission power may be determined prior to the normal resource allocation of the RRM component.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in parallel with operations of the RRM component.
  • the total transmission power may be determined by using a simplified resource allocation than a normal resource allocation of the RRM component.
  • the determination of the total transmission power may be triggered when the RRM component starts normal resource allocation for the TTI.
  • the total transmission power may be based on an amount of total resources required for transmitting signals in the TTI, which is a sum of: a total amount of first resources required for downlink data transmission; a total amount of second resources required for PDCCH transmissions which are related to uplink data transmission and the downlink data transmission; and a total amount of third resources required for common channel transmission.
  • the total amount of the first resources may be determined based on available data in a transmission buffer of the base station.
  • the number of bits per PRB that corresponds to the channel quality for the SE may be from a first predetermined table indicating a correspondence between multiple predetermined channel qualities and corresponding numbers of bits per PRB.
  • an amount of the second resources required for the PDCCH transmission related to the SE may be determined as a quotient between a size of DCI for the SE and a number of bits per CCE that corresponds to a channel quality for the SE.
  • the number of bits per CCE that corresponds to the channel quality for the SE may be from a second predetermined table indicating a correspondence between multiple predetermined channel qualities and corresponding numbers of bits per CCE.
  • the channel quality for the SE may be an average value or a minimum value of channel qualities at different frequencies which are reported by a terminal device corresponding to the SE.
  • the channel quality may be represented by one of: CQI; and SINR.
  • the total amount of the third resources may be a value predetermined during a cell setup.
  • a base station may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory.
  • the at least one memory may contain instructions executable by the at least one processor, whereby the base station may be operative to determine a total transmission power to be consumed in a TTI.
  • the base station may be further operative to provide the determined total transmission power to a radio component of the base station.
  • the base station may be further operative to perform one or more power adjusting operations by the radio component, based on the total transmission power.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in an RRM component of the base station or in parallel with operations of the RRM component.
  • the base station may be operative to perform the method according to the above second aspect.
  • the computer program product may contain instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to the above second aspect.
  • a computer readable storage medium may store thereon instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to the above second aspect.
  • the radio component it is possible to allow the radio component to get the total transmission power earlier than the existing solution, so that there is more time for recovery of some sub-component (s) of the radio component. This results in that more sub-components of the radio component can be turned off or their parameters can be tuned to save power.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an architecture of the existing base station
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a process performed by the existing base station
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the timing of processing in the existing base station
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a base station according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a base station according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an apparatus suitable for use in practicing some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a base station according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a process performed by the base station of FIG. 10;
  • FIGs. 12A-12B are flowcharts illustrating a process performed by the base station of FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the timing of processing in the base station of FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between the SBPS functions of the conventional method and the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 is diagram illustrating an example of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a UE in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a network node in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a host in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a host communicating via a network node with a UE over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an architecture of the existing base station such as a next generation node B (gNB) .
  • the base station comprises a baseband module 11 and a radio module 12.
  • the baseband module 11 comprises, inter alia, a radio resource management (RRM) module 111, a physical layer transmitter 112 and a physical layer receiver 113.
  • the radio module 12 comprises a plurality of radio frequency (RF) branches 121 and corresponding antenna elements 122.
  • the baseband module 11 is connected with the radio module 12 via common public radio interface (CPRI) .
  • CPRI common public radio interface
  • the physical layer in some gNB products is divided into a physical high layer and a physical lower layer. The physical high layer is located in the baseband module and the physical lower layer is located in the radio module.
  • scheduling entities are scheduled in each transmission time interval (TTI) or slot.
  • the scheduling entity may be one user equipment (UE) or one service of one UE.
  • the data to be transmitted is stored in the buffer.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the RRM procedure of the existing base station.
  • the SEs are selected according to their priority, e.g., service quality, waiting time.
  • PRBs are allocated to the selected SEs.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • the UE may measure channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and estimate channel quality indicator (CQI) , then report the CQI to the base station.
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • CQI channel quality indicator
  • the link adaption may estimate signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) according to the CQI and acknowledgment/non-acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) . Then the MCS can be estimated according to the SINR. At step 3, all the PRBs in the cell are assigned. At step 4, the data in the buffer is handled in the physical layer transmitter according to the RRM result. Details about the physical layer procedure can be obtained from 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) technical specification (TS) 38.211 and 38.212 for 5G new radio (NR) .
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • TS technical specification
  • NR 5G new radio
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the timing of processing in the existing base station.
  • the RRM module starts to handle the data about 2 slots earlier and the handling lasts about one slot.
  • the data is sent to the physical layer transmitter for handling. After operations such as encoding, inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) , etc., the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) data is sent to the radio module.
  • the physical layer transmitter handles the data about 1 slot earlier and the handling lasts about one slot.
  • CPRI protocol is usually used to transfer data between the radio and the baseband.
  • the CPRI not only carries IQ data but also IQ control data (IQC) .
  • the IQC carries some control information, e.g. power indication message which carries the total power for slot N.
  • the cell total transmission power for slot N is usually computed in the physical layer transmitter in the base station, and the power indication message is sent about one or several symbols earlier than the IQ data. Note that one symbol is about 70 microseconds.
  • the power indication message from the baseband to the radio is about 1 symbol or several symbols earlier than the IQ data, if we want to turn off some blocks or tuning some parameter in the radio for power saving, 1 symbol or several symbols are not enough for recovery of such blocks. Then, we could not turn off these blocks, which would be disadvantageous for power saving.
  • symbol based power saving is a function that turns off part of the radio hardware, e.g., power amplifier (PA) , transmitter/receiver (TRX) integrated circuit (IC) , when there are transmission periods (e.g. long term evolution (LTE) or NR symbols) with no indicated power.
  • LTE long term evolution
  • NR symbols transmission periods
  • FIGs. 4A-4B illustrate examples about PA turning on/off for SBPS.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates PA turning off for one TTI. As shown, during one TTI except the turn-off time and wake-up time of the PA, the PA is in off state.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates PA turning off in a case where there is no data in several continuous slots. As shown, because the power indication message from the baseband to the radio is about 1 symbol or several symbols earlier than the IQ data, the PA has to be turned on at the end of Slot n+1 and Slot n+2 although there is no data to be transmitted in the next slot.
  • the present disclosure proposes an improved solution for wireless transmission.
  • the solution may be applicable to a communication system including a terminal device and a base station.
  • the terminal device can communicate through a radio access communication link with the base station.
  • the base station can provide radio access communication links to terminal devices that are within its communication service cell. Note that the communications may be performed between the terminal device and the base station according to any suitable communication standards and protocols.
  • the term terminal device may also be referred to as, for example, device, access terminal, user equipment (UE) , mobile station, mobile unit, subscriber station, or the like. It may refer to any end device that can access a wireless communication network and receive services therefrom.
  • the terminal device may include a portable computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and playback appliance, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a tablet, a wearable device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , or the like.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the terminal device may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another terminal device and/or a network equipment.
  • the terminal device may be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may, in a 3GPP context, be referred to as a machine-type communication (MTC) device.
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • machines or devices may include sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machineries, bikes, vehicles, or home or personal appliances, e.g. refrigerators, televisions, personal wearables such as watches, and so on.
  • BS may refer to, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation Node B (gNodeB or gNB) , a multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as an MSR BS, a master eNodeB (MeNB) , a secondary eNodeB (SeNB) , an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, an access point (AP) , a transmission point, a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth.
  • a base station may comprise a central unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs) .
  • the CU and DU (s) may
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a base station according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the base station 500 comprises a power determination component 512 and a radio component 520.
  • the power determination component 512 is provided in an RRM component 510 of the base station 500, and is configured to determine a total transmission power to be consumed in a TTI, and to provide the determined total transmission power to the radio component 520.
  • the constituent parts of the RRM component 510 except the power determination component 512 may be implemented by using any existing RRM techniques.
  • the power determination component 512 may be configured to determine the total transmission power based on a result of resource allocation that is determined by the RRM component 512 for the TTI.
  • the power determination component 512 can determine an amount of total resources allocated for the TTI. Based on the amount of the total resources and a predetermined mapping between every resource (e.g. every PRB) and corresponding transmission power, the total transmission power can be determined. As a simplest example, every PRB may be mapped to a transmission power of 1 watt. Note that any other suitable mapping may be used instead.
  • the determined total transmission power may be provided to the radio component 520 via an interface component (e.g. a CPRI interface) in a power indication message. Since the power determination component is provided in the RRM component, the total transmission power for a TTI can be provided to the radio component when it can be derived from the RRM component. Compared with the existing solution where the total transmission power for a TTI is computed and provided by the physical layer transmitter, the radio component can get the total transmission power earlier.
  • the radio component 520 is configured to perform one or more power adjusting operations, based on the total transmission power provided by the power determination component 512.
  • Examples of the one or more power adjusting operations may comprise, but not limited to: turning off one or more first sub-components (e.g. PA, TRX IC, etc. ) of the radio component; turning on one or more second sub-components (e.g. PA, TRX IC, etc. ) of the radio component; and adjusting a drain voltage of a power amplifier of the radio component.
  • first sub-components e.g. PA, TRX IC, etc.
  • second sub-components e.g. PA, TRX IC, etc.
  • adjusting a drain voltage of a power amplifier of the radio component adjusting a drain voltage of a power amplifier of the radio component.
  • one or more first sub-components of the radio component may be continuously kept in turned-off state for the multiple TTIs, since the radio component can get the total transmission power earlier.
  • the total transmission power determined for a first TTI is zero and the total transmission power determined for a next second TTI is not zero
  • one or more second sub-components which have been previously turned off can be turned on at the end of the first TTI so that they can be used for the transmission in the second TTI. This means as long as the wake-up time is shorter than one TTI, the sub-component (s) can be turned on/off.
  • the drain voltage of a power amplifier of the radio component can be tuned so that a suitable drain voltage can be used for the TTI to achieve power saving.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a base station according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the base station 600 comprises a power determination component 612 and a radio component 620.
  • the power determination component 612 operates in parallel with an RRM component 610 of the base station 600, and is configured to determine a total transmission power to be consumed in a TTI, and to provide the determined total transmission power to the radio component 620.
  • the RRM component 610 may be implemented by using any existing RRM techniques.
  • the power determination component 612 may be implemented separately from the RRM component 610.
  • the power determination component 612 and the RRM component 610 may be respectively implemented by different processors.
  • the power determination component 612 may be configured to determine the total transmission power by using a simplified resource allocation than a normal resource allocation of the RRM component. Such new resource allocation is simplified mainly because the selection of SEs based on their priorities is omitted from the normal resource allocation. For example, the determination of the total transmission power by the power determination component 612 may be triggered when the RRM component 610 starts normal resource allocation for the TTI. Then, all of the SEs which need downlink data transmission at this triggering time can be considered in the simplified resource allocation. Further, the term “simplified” may also be embodied in any one or more of the following aspects: 1) the channel quality (e.g.
  • CQI, SINR for every SE is roughly estimated; 2) a first predetermined table indicating a correspondence between multiple predetermined channel qualities and corresponding numbers of bits per PRB is used; 3) a second predetermined table indicating a correspondence between multiple predetermined channel qualities and corresponding numbers of bits per CCE is used; and 4) the resources allocated for common channels such as primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and physical broadcast channel (PBCH) are estimated as a value (e.g. a fixed value) predetermined during a cell setup.
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • the total transmission power for a TTI may be based on an amount of total resources required for transmitting signals in the TTI, which is a sum of: a total amount of first resources required for downlink data transmission; a total amount of second resources required for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions which are related to uplink data transmission and the downlink data transmission; and a total amount of third resources required for common channel transmission.
  • an amount of total resources required for transmitting signals in the TTI which is a sum of: a total amount of first resources required for downlink data transmission; a total amount of second resources required for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions which are related to uplink data transmission and the downlink data transmission; and a total amount of third resources required for common channel transmission.
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • the total amount of the first resources may be determined based on available data in a transmission buffer of the base station. For example, for a data item corresponding to an SE in the available data, an amount of the first resources required for transmitting the data item may be determined as a quotient between a size of the data item and a number of bits per PRB that corresponds to a channel quality for the SE. The number of bits per PRB that corresponds to the channel quality for the SE may be obtained from a first predetermined table indicating a correspondence between multiple predetermined channel qualities and corresponding numbers of bits per PRB. The first predetermined table may be prepared in advance through actual experiments or computer simulation. Then, the amounts of the first resources for respective data items in the available data may be summed to obtain the total amount of the first resources.
  • an amount of the second resources required for the PDCCH transmission related to the SE may be determined as a quotient between a size of downlink control information (DCI) for the SE and a number of bits per control channel element (CCE) that corresponds to a channel quality for the SE.
  • the number bits per CCE that corresponds to the channel quality for the SE may be obtained from a second predetermined table indicating a correspondence between multiple predetermined channel qualities and corresponding numbers of bits per CCE.
  • the second predetermined table may be prepared in advance through actual experiments or computer simulation.
  • an amount of the second resources required for the PDCCH transmission related to the SE may be determined as a quotient between a size of DCI for the SE and a number of bits per CCE that corresponds to a channel quality for the SE.
  • information about the SEs needing uplink data transmission can be obtained from the RRM component 620.
  • the number bits per CCE that corresponds to the channel quality for the SE may be obtained from the second predetermined table. Then, the amounts of respective second resources related to the SEs needing the downlink data transmission and the amounts of respective second resources related to the SEs needing the uplink data transmission may be summed to obtain the total amount of the second resources.
  • the channel quality for the SE may be e.g. an average value or a minimum value of channel qualities at different frequencies which are reported by a terminal device corresponding to the SE.
  • the channel quality may be represented by CQI, SINR, or any other suitable metric.
  • the total amount of the third resources may be a value predetermined during a cell setup. Then, the total amounts of the first, second and third resources may be summed to obtain the amount of total resources required for transmitting signals in the TTI. Based on the amount of the total resources and the predetermined mapping between every resource and corresponding transmission power, the total transmission power can be determined. The determined total transmission power may be provided to the radio component 620 via an interface component in a power indication message. Since the simplified resource allocation is used, the total transmission power for a TTI can be provided to the radio component earlier than the embodiment of FIG. 5. Compared with the existing solution where the total transmission power for a TTI is computed and provided by the physical layer transmitter, the radio component can get the total transmission power earlier.
  • the radio component 620 is configured to perform one or more power adjusting operations, based on the total transmission power provided by the power determination component 612.
  • Examples of the one or more power adjusting operations may comprise, but not limited to: turning off one or more first sub-components (e.g. PA, TRX IC, etc. ) of the radio component; turning on one or more second sub-components (e.g. PA, TRX IC, etc. ) of the radio component; and adjusting a drain voltage of a power amplifier of the radio component.
  • first sub-components e.g. PA, TRX IC, etc.
  • second sub-components e.g. PA, TRX IC, etc.
  • adjusting a drain voltage of a power amplifier of the radio component e.g. PA, TRX IC, etc.
  • one or more first sub-components of the radio component may be continuously kept in turned-off state for the multiple TTIs, since the radio component can get the total transmission power earlier.
  • one or more second sub-components which have been previously turned off can be turned on at the end of the first TTI so that they can be used for the transmission in the second TTI.
  • the drain voltage of a power amplifier of the radio component can be tuned so that a suitable drain voltage can be used for the TTI to achieve power saving.
  • the power determination component 512 may be provided in the RRM component 510, and be configured to determine the total transmission power by using a simplified resource allocation than a normal resource allocation of the RRM component 510.
  • the simplified resource allocation may be performed as described above with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 6.
  • the total transmission power may be determined prior to the normal resource allocation of the RRM component 520. In this way, the same effect as that described for the embodiment of FIG. 6 can be obtained.
  • the base station comprises a power determination component and a radio component.
  • the power determination component is configured to determine a total transmission power to be consumed in a TTI, and to provide the determined total transmission power to the radio component.
  • the radio component is configured to perform one or more power adjusting operations, based on the total transmission power provided by the power determination component.
  • the power determination component is provided in an RRM component of the base station or operates in parallel with the RRM component.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the base station determines a total transmission power to be consumed in a TTI.
  • the base station provides the determined total transmission power to a radio component of the base station.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power are performed in an RRM component of the base station or in parallel with operations of the RRM component. For example, blocks 702 and 704 may be performed in a way as described above with respect to the power determination component 512 or 612.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in the RRM component.
  • the total transmission power may be determined based on a result of resource allocation that is determined by the RRM component for the TTI.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in parallel with operations of the RRM component.
  • the total transmission power may be determined by using a simplified resource allocation than a normal resource allocation of the RRM component.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in the RRM component.
  • the total transmission power may be determined by using a simplified resource allocation than a normal resource allocation of the RRM component.
  • the base station performs one or more power adjusting operations by the radio component, based on the total transmission power.
  • block 706 may be performed in a way as described above with respect to the radio component 520 or 620. With the method of FIG. 7, it is possible to allow the radio component to get the total transmission power earlier than the existing solution, so that there is more time for the radio component to perform power adjusting operation (s) .
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an apparatus suitable for use in practicing some embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the base station described above may be implemented through the apparatus 800.
  • the apparatus 800 may include a processor 810, a memory 820 that stores a program, and optionally a communication interface 830 for communicating data with other external devices through wired and/or wireless communication.
  • the program includes program instructions that, when executed by the processor 810, enable the apparatus 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed above. That is, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented at least in part by computer software executable by the processor 810, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
  • the memory 820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, flash memories, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memories and removable memories.
  • the processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multi-core processor architectures, as non-limiting examples.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the timing of processing in a base station according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 may correspond to the embodiment of FIG. 5.
  • the RRM component has completed resource allocation (e.g. PRB allocation)
  • the total transmission power to be consumed in TTI can be known by the power determination component and the power indication message can be sent to the radio component at that time.
  • the radio component can get the total transmission power earlier (e.g. about one slot earlier in the example of FIG. 9) .
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a base station according to another embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the base station 1000 comprises a baseband module 1010 and a radio module 1020.
  • the baseband module 1010 comprises an SE priority handling module 1011, a link adaptation module 1012, a PRB/power allocation module 1013, a simplified power calculation module 1014, a physical layer transmitter 1015, and a physical layer receiver 1016.
  • the modules 1011, 1012 and 1013 constitutes an RRM module.
  • a new sub-module, the simplified power calculation module 1014 is added into the base station 1000 to operate in parallel with the RRM module.
  • the simplified power calculation module 1014 can calculate the total transmission power for each TTI (or each slot) .
  • the simplified power calculation module 1014 may run in another processor (e.g. central processing unit (CPU) or graphics processing unit (GPU) ) than the RRM module.
  • processor e.g. central processing unit (CPU) or graphics processing unit (GPU)
  • the functionality of the simplified power calculation module 1014 is simpler than the RRM module, so that the lead time is very short and the power indication message for slot N can be sent earlier than the embodiment of FIG. 9, as shown in FIG. 13.
  • FIGs. 12A-12B illustrates the handling process performed by the simplified power calculation module.
  • Steps 1201-1205 are used to compute the PRBs for traffic data.
  • the process finds the SEs which have downlink data to be transmitted or retransmitted.
  • the process determines whether there is an SE to be handled. If the determination result at step 1202 is positive, the process proceeds to step 1203 to estimate rough CQI/SINR according to the existing CQI/SINR for each SE.
  • the existing CQI/SINR can be obtained from the RRM module. Due to frequency selectivity of air channels, the CQI/SINR is a little different for each frequency or each PRB for one UE.
  • the rough CQI may be calculated as:
  • the rough SINR may be calculated in a similar way as below:
  • the rough CQI/SINR is the average value.
  • Another alternative may be using the minimum value of CQI/SINR as shown below:
  • the process estimates the number of PRBs according to the length of data N and the rough CQI/SINR for each SE. For example, the following look-up table showing, for each CQI, the number of bits mapping to one PRB may be prepared offline.
  • the number in the above table is merely an exemplary example for illustration purpose.
  • the number of PRBs for each data block can be estimated according to the following formula:
  • Number of PRBs length of data N /LookUpTable (CQI) .
  • step 1202. Step 1203 and 1204 are repeated until all the found SEs are handled, which causes the determination result at step 1202 to be negative. If the determination result at step 1202 is negative, the process proceeds to step 1205 to compute the total PRBs for the traffic by summing the result of step 1204.
  • Steps 1206-1210 are used to compute the PRBs for PDCCHs.
  • the process finds the SEs which have PDCCHs to be transmitted.
  • the process has already found the SEs which have downlink data to be transmitted or retransmitted. In most cases, PDCCH is assigned to these SEs.
  • the process also finds the SEs which have uplink data to be transmitted or retransmitted. The sum of these two findings is the SEs which have PDCCHs to be transmitted or retransmitted.
  • the DCI size for each PDCCH can be obtained from the RRM module.
  • step 1207 the process determines whether there is an SE to be handled. If the determination result at step 1207 is positive, the process proceeds to step 1208 to estimate rough CQI/SINR according to the existing CQI/SINR for each SE which has uplink data to be transmitted or retransmitted. Because the SEs with downlink data have already been handled at step 1203. So the process can only handle the SEs with uplink data at this step. The implementation is the same as step 1203.
  • the process estimates the number of CCEs according to the rough CQI/SINR and the DCI size for each SE.
  • the following look-up table showing, for each CQI, the number of bits in one CCE can be prepared offline.
  • SINR can also be used to compute the number of CCEs instead of the CQI.
  • the process can get the number of CCEs for this SE as below.
  • Number of CCEs roundup (DCI size /LookUpTable (CQI) ) .
  • step 1207 Steps 1208 and 1209 are repeated until all the found SEs are handled which causes the determination result at step 1207 to be negative. If the determination result at step 1207 is negative, the process proceeds to step 1210 to estimate the total PRBs or power for PDCCHs. By summing the result of step 1209, the process can get the total CCEs for the PDCCHs. Then, the number of total CCEs is converted to the number of total PRBs.
  • one CCE is made up of 6 resource block groups (REGs) .
  • REG resource block groups
  • One REG is made up of 12 resource elements (REs) in frequency domain and 1 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in time domain.
  • One PRB includes 12 subcarriers.
  • one PRB is made up of 12 REs in frequency domain and 7 OFDM symbols in time domain.
  • one PRB is made up of 72 REs.
  • the process computes the total PRBs or power for common channels (e.g. PSS/SSS/PBCH) .
  • the number of PRBs for commons channels is usually fixed in each TTI or slot, which may be calculated during the cell setup.
  • the process computes the final power and sends it to the radio module. By summing the results of steps 1205, 1210 and 1211, the process can get the total power for this TTI or slot. Note that if the sum is bigger than cellMaxTransmissionPower, the cellMaxTransmissionPower is used, where cellMaxTransmissionPower is the maximum transmission power of the cell which is configured in the cell setup.
  • the value of the estimated power in the embodiment of FIGs. 12A-12B is not exact. But it does not matter, because it does not impact the performance from energy efficiency perspective. A conservative approach is that the minimum CQI/SINR is used as roughCQI in steps 1203 and 1208, so that the radio module always reserves enough power for the traffic.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates the timing of processing in the base station of FIG. 10.
  • the total transmission power for a TTI can be provided to the radio component earlier than the embodiment of FIG. 9.
  • the radio component can get the total transmission power earlier (e.g. about two slots earlier in the example of FIG. 13) .
  • the radio module can receive the power indication message earlier, maybe 2 ms or 1 ms earlier than the traffic data.
  • the radio module has more time to turn on/off the block (s) . Then, more blocks can be turned off.
  • the radio module when the radio module receives the power value for the coming IQ data, the radio module has more time to adjust the block (s) to save power, e.g., adjust power amplifier drain voltage (PA VDD) for the PA to save power.
  • PA VDD power amplifier drain voltage
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a comparison between the SBPS functions of the conventional method and the present disclosure.
  • the PA has to been turned on in each end of TTI/slot.
  • the radio module can get the information about whether there is data or not nearly 2 slots earlier.
  • the PA does not need to be turned off.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of a communication system 2800 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication system 2800 includes a telecommunication network 2802 that includes an access network 2804, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network 2806, which includes one or more core network nodes 2808.
  • the access network 2804 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 2810a and 2810b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 2810) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access node or non-3GPP access point.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • the network nodes 2810 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs 2812a, 2812b, 2812c, and 2812d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 2812) to the core network 2806 over one or more wireless connections.
  • UE user equipment
  • Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors.
  • the communication system 2800 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.
  • the communication system 2800 may include and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and/or other similar type of system.
  • the UEs 2812 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 2810 and other communication devices.
  • the network nodes 2810 are arranged, capable, configured, and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 2812 and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 2802 to enable and/or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and/or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 2802.
  • the core network 2806 connects the network nodes 2810 to one or more hosts, such as host 2816. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts.
  • the core network 2806 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 2808) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and/or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 2808.
  • Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De- concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and/or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
  • MSC Mobile Switching Center
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • HSS Home Subscriber Server
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • AUSF Authentication Server Function
  • SIDF Subscription Identifier De- concealing function
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy
  • NEF Network Exposure Function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • the host 2816 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 2804 and/or the telecommunication network 2802, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider.
  • the host 2816 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio/video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
  • the communication system 2800 of FIG. 15 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts.
  • the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and/or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • UMTS Universal Mobile
  • the telecommunication network 2802 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 2802 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 2802. For example, the telecommunications network 2802 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and/or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) /Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
  • URLLC Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication
  • eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication
  • the UEs 2812 are configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction.
  • a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 2804 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 2804.
  • a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode.
  • a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
  • MR-DC multi-radio dual connectivity
  • the hub 2814 communicates with the access network 2804 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 2812c and/or 2812d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 2810b) .
  • the hub 2814 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs.
  • the hub 2814 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 2806 for the UEs.
  • the hub 2814 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs.
  • the hub 2814 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data.
  • the hub 2814 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 2814 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 2814 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and/or after adding additional local content.
  • the hub 2814 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular in if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
  • the hub 2814 may have a constant/persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 2810b.
  • the hub 2814 may also allow for a different communication scheme and/or schedule between the hub 2814 and UEs (e.g., UE 2812c and/or 2812d) , and between the hub 2814 and the core network 2806.
  • the hub 2814 is connected to the core network 2806 and/or one or more UEs via a wired connection.
  • the hub 2814 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 2804 and/or to another UE over a direct connection.
  • UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 2810 while still connected via the hub 2814 via a wired or wireless connection.
  • the hub 2814 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to/from the UEs from/to the network node 2810b.
  • the hub 2814 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 2810b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and/or end point for certain data channels.
  • FIG. 16 shows a UE 2900 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other UEs.
  • Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded/integrated wireless device, etc.
  • VoIP voice over IP
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • LME laptop-embedded equipment
  • CPE wireless customer-premise equipment
  • UEs identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • NB-IoT narrow band internet of things
  • MTC machine type communication
  • eMTC enhanced MTC
  • the UE 2900 includes processing circuitry 2902 that is operatively coupled via a bus 2904 to an input/output interface 2906, a power source 2908, a memory 2910, a communication interface 2912, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof.
  • Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in FIG. 16. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 2902 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 2910.
  • the processing circuitry 2902 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above.
  • the processing circuitry 2902 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
  • the input/output interface 2906 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and/or output devices.
  • Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof.
  • An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 2900.
  • Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.
  • the presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user.
  • a sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the power source 2908 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used.
  • the power source 2908 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 2908 itself, and/or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 2900 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 2908.
  • Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 2908 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 2900 to which power is supplied.
  • the memory 2910 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth.
  • the memory 2910 includes one or more application programs 2914, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 2916.
  • the memory 2910 may store, for use by the UE 2900, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
  • the memory 2910 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and/or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof.
  • RAID redundant array of independent disks
  • HD-DVD high-density digital versatile disc
  • HDDS holographic digital data storage
  • DIMM external mini-dual in-line memory module
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • the processing circuitry 2902 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 2912.
  • the communication interface 2912 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 2922.
  • the communication interface 2912 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) .
  • Each transceiver may include a transmitter 2918 and/or a receiver 2920 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) .
  • the transmitter 2918 and receiver 2920 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 2922) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
  • communication functions of the communication interface 2912 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and/or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiplexing Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • UMTS Universal Mobile communications
  • WiMax Ethernet
  • TCP/IP transmission control protocol/internet protocol
  • SONET synchronous optical networking
  • ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
  • QUIC Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 2912, via a wireless connection to a network node.
  • Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE.
  • the output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
  • a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection.
  • the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change.
  • the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
  • a UE when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare.
  • IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door/window sensor, a flood/moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) , a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or
  • AR Augmented
  • a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another UE and/or a network node.
  • the UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device.
  • the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard.
  • a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
  • a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone's speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone.
  • the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone's speed.
  • the first and/or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above.
  • a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
  • FIG. 17 shows a network node 3000 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and/or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network.
  • network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) .
  • APs access points
  • BSs base stations
  • Node Bs evolved Node Bs
  • gNBs NR NodeBs
  • Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations.
  • a base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay.
  • a network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) .
  • RRUs remote radio units
  • RRHs Remote Radio Heads
  • Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio.
  • Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and/or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
  • MSR multi-standard radio
  • RNCs radio network controllers
  • BSCs base station controllers
  • BTSs base transceiver stations
  • OFDM Operation and Maintenance
  • OSS Operations Support System
  • SON Self-Organizing Network
  • positioning nodes e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location
  • the network node 3000 includes a processing circuitry 3002, a memory 3004, a communication interface 3006, and a power source 3008.
  • the network node 3000 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components.
  • the network node 3000 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components)
  • one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes.
  • a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs.
  • each unique NodeB and RNC pair may in some instances be considered a single separate network node.
  • the network node 3000 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) .
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 3004 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 3010 may be shared by different RATs) .
  • the network node 3000 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 3000, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 3000.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • the processing circuitry 3002 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 3000 components, such as the memory 3004, to provide network node 3000 functionality.
  • the processing circuitry 3002 includes a system on a chip (SOC) .
  • the processing circuitry 3002 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 3012 and baseband processing circuitry 3014.
  • the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 3012 and the baseband processing circuitry 3014 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units.
  • part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 3012 and baseband processing circuitry 3014 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
  • the memory 3004 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 3002.
  • volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Dis
  • the memory 3004 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and/or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 3002 and utilized by the network node 3000.
  • the memory 3004 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 3002 and/or any data received via the communication interface 3006.
  • the processing circuitry 3002 and memory 3004 is integrated.
  • the communication interface 3006 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and/or data between a network node, access network, and/or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 3006 comprises port (s) /terminal (s) 3016 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection.
  • the communication interface 3006 also includes radio front-end circuitry 3018 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 3010. Radio front-end circuitry 3018 comprises filters 3020 and amplifiers 3022.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 3018 may be connected to an antenna 3010 and processing circuitry 3002.
  • the radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 3010 and processing circuitry 3002.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 3018 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection.
  • the radio front-end circuitry 3018 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 3020 and/or amplifiers 3022.
  • the radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 3010.
  • the antenna 3010 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 3018.
  • the digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 3002.
  • the communication interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
  • the network node 3000 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 3018, instead, the processing circuitry 3002 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 3010.
  • the processing circuitry 3002 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 3010.
  • all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 3012 is part of the communication interface 3006.
  • the communication interface 3006 includes one or more ports or terminals 3016, the radio front-end circuitry 3018, and the RF transceiver circuitry 3012, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface 3006 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 3014, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
  • the antenna 3010 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals.
  • the antenna 3010 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 3018 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly.
  • the antenna 3010 is separate from the network node 3000 and connectable to the network node 3000 through an interface or port.
  • the antenna 3010, communication interface 3006, and/or the processing circuitry 3002 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 3010, the communication interface 3006, and/or the processing circuitry 3002 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment.
  • the power source 3008 provides power to the various components of network node 3000 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) .
  • the power source 3008 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 3000 with power for performing the functionality described herein.
  • the network node 3000 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 3008.
  • the power source 3008 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
  • Embodiments of the network node 3000 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIG. 17 for providing certain aspects of the network node's functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein.
  • the network node 3000 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 3000 and to allow output of information from the network node 3000. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 3000.
  • FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a host 3100, which may be an embodiment of the host 2816 of FIG. 15, in accordance with various aspects described herein.
  • the host 3100 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and/or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm.
  • the host 3100 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
  • the host 3100 includes processing circuitry 3102 that is operatively coupled via a bus 3104 to an input/output interface 3106, a network interface 3108, a power source 3110, and a memory 3112.
  • processing circuitry 3102 that is operatively coupled via a bus 3104 to an input/output interface 3106, a network interface 3108, a power source 3110, and a memory 3112.
  • Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as FIGs. 16 and 17, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host 3100.
  • the memory 3112 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs 3114 and data 3116, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host 3100 or data generated by the host 3100 for a UE.
  • Embodiments of the host 3100 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown.
  • the host application programs 3114 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC) , High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) , Advanced Video Coding (AVC) , MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) , MPEG, G.711) , including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems) .
  • VVC Versatile Video Coding
  • HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding
  • AVC Advanced Video Coding
  • MPEG MPEG
  • VP9 Video Coding
  • audio codecs e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) , MPEG, G.711
  • UEs e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems
  • the host application programs 3114 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host 3100 may select and/or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE.
  • the host application programs 3114 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) , Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) , Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) , etc.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 3200 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.
  • virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources.
  • virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components.
  • Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 3200 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
  • VMs virtual machines
  • hardware nodes such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
  • the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host)
  • the node may be entirely virtualized.
  • Applications 3202 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • Hardware 3204 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and/or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and/or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input/output interface, and so forth.
  • Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 3206 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs 3208a and 3208b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 3208) , and/or perform any of the functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.
  • the virtualization layer 3206 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 3208.
  • the VMs 3208 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 3206.
  • a virtualization layer 3206 Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 3202 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 3208, and the implementations may be made in different ways.
  • Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) .
  • NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
  • a VM 3208 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine.
  • Each of the VMs 3208, and that part of hardware 3204 that executes that VM be it hardware dedicated to that VM and/or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements.
  • a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 3208 on top of the hardware 3204 and corresponds to the application 3202.
  • Hardware 3204 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 3204 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 3204 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 3210, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 3202.
  • hardware 3204 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station.
  • some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 3212 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
  • FIG. 20 shows a communication diagram of a host 3302 communicating via a network node 3304 with a UE 3306 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the network node 3304 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host 3302 and UE 3306.
  • the connection 3360 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network 2806 of FIG. 15) and/or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks.
  • a core network like core network 2806 of FIG. 15
  • one or more other intermediate networks such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks.
  • an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
  • the UE 3306 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE 3306 and executable by the UE's processing circuitry.
  • the software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 3306 with the support of the host 3302.
  • a client application such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 3306 with the support of the host 3302.
  • an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection 3350 terminating at the UE 3306 and host 3302.
  • the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data.
  • the OTT connection 3350 may transfer both the request data and the user data.
  • the UE's client application may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application through the OTT
  • the host 3302 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application.
  • the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE 3306.
  • the user data is associated with a UE 3306 that shares data with the host 3302 without explicit human interaction.
  • the host 3302 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE 3306.
  • the host 3302 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE 3306.
  • the request may be caused by human interaction with the UE 3306 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE 3306.
  • the transmission may pass via the network node 3304, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. Accordingly, in step 3312, the network node 3304 transmits to the UE 3306 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host 3302 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 3314, the UE 3306 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE 3306 associated with the host application executed by the host 3302.
  • the UE 3306 executes a client application which provides user data to the host 3302.
  • the user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host 3302. Accordingly, in step 3316, the UE 3306 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application.
  • the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input/output interface of the UE 3306. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE 3306 initiates, in step 3318, transmission of the user data towards the host 3302 via the network node 3304.
  • the network node 3304 receives user data from the UE 3306 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host 3302.
  • the host 3302 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE 3306.
  • One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE 3306 using the OTT connection 3350, in which the wireless connection 3370 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may save the transmission power and thereby provide benefits such as extended lifetime of base station.
  • factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host 3302.
  • the host 3302 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps.
  • the host 3302 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights) .
  • the host 3302 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE.
  • the host 3302 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it can broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs.
  • the host 3302 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices) , or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and/or transmitting data.
  • a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve.
  • the measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host 3302 and/or UE 3306.
  • sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection 3350 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities.
  • the reconfiguring of the OTT connection 3350 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc. ; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node 3304. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art.
  • measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host 3302.
  • the measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection 3350 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
  • computing devices described herein may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • processing circuitry may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
  • computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components.
  • a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and/or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface.
  • non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
  • processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
  • some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner.
  • the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and/or by end users and a wireless network generally.
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to FIGs. 15 and 20. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 21 will be included in this section.
  • the host computer provides user data.
  • substep 3411 (which may be optional) of step 3410, the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application.
  • the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE.
  • step 3430 the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • step 3440 the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.
  • FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to FIGs. 15 and 20. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 22 will be included in this section.
  • the host computer provides user data.
  • the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application.
  • the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • step 3530 (which may be optional) , the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to FIGs. 15 and 20. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 23 will be included in this section.
  • step 3610 the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step 3620, the UE provides user data.
  • substep 3621 (which may be optional) of step 3620, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application.
  • substep 3611 (which may be optional) of step 3610, the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer.
  • the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user.
  • the UE initiates, in substep 3630 (which may be optional) , transmission of the user data to the host computer.
  • step 3640 of the method the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
  • FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
  • the communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to FIGs. 15 and 20. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 24 will be included in this section.
  • the base station receives user data from the UE.
  • the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer.
  • step 3730 (which may be optional) , the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.
  • a method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a terminal device.
  • the method may comprise, at the host computer, providing user data.
  • the method may further comprise, at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the terminal device via a cellular network comprising the base station.
  • the base station may determine a total transmission power to be consumed in a TTI.
  • the base station may provide the determined total transmission power to a radio component of the base station.
  • the base station may perform one or more power adjusting operations by the radio component, based on the total transmission power.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in an RRM component of the base station or in parallel with operations of the RRM component.
  • the method may further comprise, at the base station, transmitting the user data.
  • the user data may be provided at the host computer by executing a host application.
  • the method may further comprise, at the terminal device, executing a client application associated with the host application.
  • the communication system may further include the base station.
  • a method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a terminal device.
  • the method may comprise, at the host computer, receiving, from the base station, user data originating from a transmission which the base station has received from the terminal device.
  • the base station may determine a total transmission power to be consumed in a TTI.
  • the base station may provide the determined total transmission power to a radio component of the base station.
  • the base station may perform one or more power adjusting operations by the radio component, based on the total transmission power.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in an RRM component of the base station or in parallel with operations of the RRM component.
  • the method may further comprise, at the base station, receiving the user data from the terminal device.
  • the method may further comprise, at the base station, initiating a transmission of the received user data to the host computer.
  • a communication system including a host computer comprising a communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a terminal device to a base station.
  • the base station may comprise a radio interface and processing circuitry.
  • the base station's processing circuitry may be configured to determine a total transmission power to be consumed in a TTI.
  • the base station may provide the determined total transmission power to a radio component of the base station.
  • the base station may perform one or more power adjusting operations by the radio component, based on the total transmission power.
  • the determining of the total transmission power and the providing of the determined total transmission power may be performed in an RRM component of the base station or in parallel with operations of the RRM component.
  • the communication system may further include the base station.
  • the communication system may further include the terminal device.
  • the terminal device may be configured to communicate with the base station.
  • the processing circuitry of the host computer may be configured to execute a host application.
  • the terminal device may be configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data to be received by the host computer.
  • the various exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof.
  • some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • While various aspects of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be embodied in computer-executable instructions, such as in one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices.
  • program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types when executed by a processor in a computer or other device.
  • the computer executable instructions may be stored on a computer readable medium such as a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid state memory, RAM, etc.
  • the function of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.
  • the function may be embodied in whole or in part in firmware or hardware equivalents such as integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , and the like.
  • FPGA field programmable gate arrays
  • connection cover the direct and/or indirect connection between two elements. It should be noted that two blocks shown in succession in the above figures may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et des appareils pour la transmission sans fil. Selon un mode de réalisation, une station de base comprend un composant de détermination de puissance et un composant radio. Le composant de détermination de puissance est configuré pour déterminer une puissance de transmission totale à consommer dans un intervalle de temps de transmission (TTI), et pour fournir la puissance de transmission totale déterminée au composant radio. Le composant radio est configuré pour effectuer une ou plusieurs opérations de réglage de puissance, sur la base de la puissance de transmission totale fournie par le composant de détermination de puissance. Le composant de détermination de puissance est disposé dans un composant de gestion de ressources radio (RRM) de la station de base ou fonctionne en parallèle avec le composant RRM.
PCT/CN2023/073178 2023-01-19 2023-01-19 Procédé et appareils pour la transmission sans fil Ceased WO2024152307A1 (fr)

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WO2018174794A1 (fr) * 2017-03-24 2018-09-27 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Priorisation de puissance de liaison montante pour intervalle de temps de transmission court avec connaissance partielle d'informations de planification
CN111903171A (zh) * 2018-02-23 2020-11-06 株式会社Ntt都科摩 用户终端、无线基站以及无线通信方法
WO2022075896A1 (fr) * 2020-10-07 2022-04-14 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Synchronisation et coordination temporelles entre une unité radio et des unités de bande de base
WO2022094510A1 (fr) * 2020-10-26 2022-05-05 Commscope Technologies Llc Réduction de la consommation d'énergie d'une unité radio
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WO2022075896A1 (fr) * 2020-10-07 2022-04-14 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Synchronisation et coordination temporelles entre une unité radio et des unités de bande de base
WO2022094510A1 (fr) * 2020-10-26 2022-05-05 Commscope Technologies Llc Réduction de la consommation d'énergie d'une unité radio
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