WO2024150790A1 - コンプレックスエステル、冷凍機油、及び作動流体組成物 - Google Patents
コンプレックスエステル、冷凍機油、及び作動流体組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024150790A1 WO2024150790A1 PCT/JP2024/000416 JP2024000416W WO2024150790A1 WO 2024150790 A1 WO2024150790 A1 WO 2024150790A1 JP 2024000416 W JP2024000416 W JP 2024000416W WO 2024150790 A1 WO2024150790 A1 WO 2024150790A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/34—Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/44—Adipic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/304—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monohydroxy compounds, dihydroxy compounds and dicarboxylic acids only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
- C10M2207/3045—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monohydroxy compounds, dihydroxy compounds and dicarboxylic acids only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a complex ester, a refrigeration oil, and a working fluid composition.
- Refrigeration machines such as refrigerators, car air conditioners, room air conditioners, and vending machines are equipped with compressors to circulate refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle.
- the compressors are filled with refrigeration oil to lubricate the sliding parts.
- Refrigeration oil generally contains a base oil and additives selected according to the desired characteristics.
- Esters such as polyol esters and complex esters may be used as base oils.
- Patent Document 1 discloses complex esters with excellent lubricity and heat resistance, including (A) neopentyl glycol, (B) a linear dihydric alcohol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and hydroxyl groups at both terminal carbons, (C) a linear dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and carboxyl groups at both terminal carbons, and (D) an ester obtained from a monohydric alcohol having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- an extremely low-viscosity oil layer in the oil reservoir at the bottom of the compressor may be supplied to each sliding part, so if a base oil with as high a density as possible (for example, a base oil with the same or higher density as the refrigerant) is used, it may be possible to improve poor lubrication at the start of the compressor.
- base oils used in refrigeration oils are required to have low-temperature fluidity and to be less likely to precipitate at low temperatures (excellent low-temperature stability). Conventional complex esters are not necessarily sufficient to meet such requirements, and there is still room for improvement.
- one aspect of the present invention aims to provide a new complex ester that has higher density and also has excellent low-temperature stability.
- the inventors have discovered that by using only branched dihydric alcohols that do not have a quaternary carbon as the dihydric alcohol in the complex ester, it is easier to achieve both high density and low temperature stability compared to conventional complex esters that use neopentyl glycol or linear dihydric alcohols.
- the present invention includes the following aspects.
- a working fluid composition comprising the refrigerating machine oil according to [2] or [3] and a refrigerant.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a complex ester of a divalent carboxylic acid, a dihydric alcohol, and at least one selected from a monohydric alcohol and a monovalent carboxylic acid.
- the dicarboxylic acid may be, for example, a dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- examples of the dicarboxylic acid include adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, and trimellitic acid.
- the dicarboxylic acid is preferably at least one selected from adipic acid and sebacic acid, and more preferably adipic acid.
- the dihydric alcohol consists only of branched dihydric alcohols that do not have a quaternary carbon. In other words, the dihydric alcohol does not include a dihydric alcohol that has a quaternary carbon, and does not include a linear dihydric alcohol.
- the dihydric alcohol may be a dihydric aliphatic alcohol. The number of carbon atoms in the dihydric alcohol may be, for example, 3 or more, 8 or less, 7 or less, or 6 or less.
- the branched dihydric alcohol having no quaternary carbon may be a dihydric alcohol represented by the following formula (1).
- R 1 represents a linear alkyl group
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a single bond or a linear alkylene group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear alkyl group represented by R1 may be 1 or more, and may be 3 or less, or 2 or less, or may be 1.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear alkylene group represented by R2 and R3 may be 1 or more, and may be 3 or less, or 2 or less.
- branched dihydric alcohols that do not have a quaternary carbon
- examples of branched dihydric alcohols that do not have a quaternary carbon include branched dihydric alcohols that have an alkyl group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as 1,2-propanediol (1,2-propylene glycol), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, and 1,4-pentanediol.
- 1,2-propanediol 1,2-propylene glycol
- 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol
- 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol 1,2-butane
- the monohydric alcohol may be a monohydric aliphatic alcohol.
- the number of carbon atoms in the monohydric alcohol may be 4 or more, 6 or more, or 8 or more, and may be 18 or less, 14 or less, or 10 or less.
- Examples of the monohydric alcohol include butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, and oleyl alcohol. These monohydric alcohols may be linear or branched.
- the monohydric alcohol is preferably a monohydric alcohol having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably selected from linear butanol, hexanol, and branched octanol, and more preferably selected from 1-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol.
- the number of carbon atoms of the monobasic carboxylic acid may be 2 or more, 5 or more, or 8 or more, and may be 12 or less, 11 or less, or 10 or less.
- Examples of the monobasic carboxylic acid include ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid. These monobasic carboxylic acids may be linear or branched.
- the monobasic carboxylic acid is preferably selected from branched octanoic acid and branched nonanoic acid, and more preferably selected from 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
- the complex ester can be obtained by, for example, synthesizing an ester intermediate in which a part of the carboxyl group of the dicarboxylic acid remains unesterified by adjusting the molar ratio of the dicarboxylic acid and the dihydric alcohol, and then esterifying the remaining carboxyl group with the monohydric alcohol.
- This complex ester may be, for example, a complex ester represented by the following formula (2).
- DAc represents a residue obtained by removing an -OH group from each of two -COOH groups in a divalent carboxylic acid
- DAl represents a residue obtained by removing an H atom from each of two -OH groups in a dihydric alcohol
- MAl represents a residue obtained by removing an H atom from one -OH group in a monohydric alcohol
- m represents an integer of 1 or more. m may be an integer of 1 to 10 or 1 to 5.
- Adjacent MAl and DAc are bonded to each other by an ester bond, and adjacent DAc and DAl are bonded to each other by an ester bond.
- the complex ester may contain the complex ester represented by the above formula (2) as a main component (e.g., 50% by mass or more), and may further contain unavoidable by-products.
- the complex ester preferably contains as a main component a complex ester in which m is 1 to 10, and more preferably a complex ester in which m is 1 to 5.
- the complex ester can be obtained by adjusting the molar ratio of the dibasic carboxylic acid and the dibasic alcohol to synthesize an ester intermediate in which some of the hydroxyl groups of the dibasic alcohol remain unesterified, and then esterifying the remaining hydroxyl groups with the monobasic carboxylic acid.
- This complex ester may be, for example, a complex ester represented by the following formula (3).
- DAc represents a residue obtained by removing an -OH group from each of two -COOH groups in a divalent carboxylic acid
- DAl represents a residue obtained by removing an H atom from each of two -OH groups in a dihydric alcohol
- MAc represents a residue obtained by removing an OH group from one -COOH group in a monovalent carboxylic acid
- n represents an integer of 1 or more. n may be an integer of 1 to 10 or 1 to 5.
- Adjacent MAc and DAl are bonded to each other by an ester bond, and adjacent DAl and DAc are bonded to each other by an ester bond.
- the complex ester may contain the complex ester represented by the above formula (3) as the main component (e.g., 50% by mass or more), and may contain unavoidable by-products.
- the complex ester preferably contains as the main component a complex ester in which n is 1 to 10, and more preferably a complex ester in which n is 1 to 5.
- At least one selected from the monohydric alcohol and the monovalent carboxylic acid is a monohydric alcohol, that is, it is preferable that the complex ester is a complex ester of a divalent carboxylic acid, a dihydric alcohol, and a monohydric alcohol.
- dihydric alcohols that do not have a quaternary carbon are used as the dihydric alcohol, which makes it easier to achieve both high density and low temperature stability compared to when neopentyl glycol or linear dihydric alcohols are used as the dihydric alcohol.
- the density of the complex ester at 15° C. may preferably be 1.02 g/cm 3 or more, 1.025 g/cm 3 or more, 1.03 g/cm 3 or more, 1.035 g/cm 3 or more, or 1.04 g/cm 3 or more.
- the density of the complex ester may be 1.1 g/cm 3 or less, 1.09 g/cm 3 or less, or 1.08 g/cm 3 or less.
- the density of the complex ester at 15°C is, for example, 1.01 g/cm3 or more, preferably 1.02 g/cm3 or more , for a complex ester having a kinetic viscosity at 40°C of less than 100 mm2 /s, 1.02 g/cm3 or more, preferably 1.03 g/cm3 or more, for a complex ester having a kinetic viscosity at 40°C of 100 mm2/s or more and 180 mm2 /s or less, and 1.03 g/cm3 or more, preferably 1.04 g/cm3 or more, for a complex ester having a kinetic viscosity at 40°C of 180 mm2/s or more or 180 mm2/s or more and 500 mm2 /s or less.
- density means the density at 15 °C measured in accordance with the "osc
- the density of a liquid generally tends to decrease as the temperature increases.
- the liquid density of a refrigerant used together with refrigerating machine oil has a much greater temperature dependency than the density of refrigerating machine oil.
- the density is higher than that of refrigerating machine oil at low temperatures, but the density drops rapidly as the temperature increases, and the density becomes lower than that of refrigerating machine oil in a certain temperature range.
- R134a has a liquid density of 1.24 g/cm 3 at 15°C, and it is difficult to imagine that the densities of the refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil are reversed even at a high temperature of 70°C for general refrigerating machine oil, but R32 has a liquid density of 1.00 g/cm 3 at 15°C, and the densities of the refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil may be reversed in a range of, for example, 30°C or higher.
- the temperature range in which the oil-rich layer with a higher density is lower than the refrigerant-rich layer with a lower density will be wider toward the lower temperature side.
- the compressor in the refrigerator has an oil reservoir at the bottom of the compressor, and refrigeration oil is sucked up from the oil reservoir by an oil tube and supplied to the sliding parts in the compressor to lubricate the sliding parts.
- the above-mentioned complex ester has a higher density (density at 15°C) than R32 in the normal temperature range of 30°C or less (for example, 5°C to 25°C), so even if separation into two layers occurs, the lower layer of the oil reservoir will be an oil-rich layer, which may reduce the risk of trouble when starting the compressor.
- the number average molecular weight Mn of the complex ester may be 300 or more, 500 or more, or 600 or more, and 3000 or less, 2000 or less, or 1500 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the complex ester may be 400 or more, 600 or more, or 700 or more, and 5000 or less, 3000 or less, or 2000 or less.
- the ratio (dispersity) Mw/Mn of the weight average molecular weight Mw to the number average molecular weight Mn of the complex ester may be 1.3 or more, 1.5 or more, or 1.6 or more, and 3 or less, 2.5 or less, or 2 or less.
- the number average molecular weight Mn and the weight average molecular weight Mw refer to the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene, respectively, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (standard substance: polystyrene).
- the flash point of the complex ester may be 150°C or higher, 180°C or higher, or 200°C or higher, and may be 350°C or lower, 300°C or lower, or 280°C or lower.
- flash point refers to the flash point measured in accordance with the Cleveland Open Chamber (COC) method described in JIS K2265-4:2007.
- the complex ester may have a kinematic viscosity at 40°C of 20 mm2/s or more, 30 mm2/s or more, or 40 mm2/s or more, and may have a kinematic viscosity of 500 mm2/s or less, 300 mm2 /s or less, or 200 mm2/s or less.
- the complex ester may have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 4 mm2/s or more, 8 mm2 /s or more, or 10 mm2/s or more, and may have a kinematic viscosity of 50 mm2/s or less, 30 mm2/s or less, or 25 mm2 /s or less.
- the complex ester may have a viscosity index of 120 or more, 140 or more, or 160 or more, and may have a kinematic viscosity of 400 or less, 300 or less, or 200 or less.
- the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index respectively mean the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index measured in accordance with JIS K2283:2000.
- the acid value of the complex ester may be 1 mgKOH/g or less, 0.1 mgKOH/g or less, or 0.05 mgKOH/g or less.
- the acid value refers to the acid value measured in accordance with JIS K2501:2003.
- the hydroxyl value of the complex ester may be 40 mgKOH/g or less, 15 mgKOH/g or less, 10 mgKOH/g or less, or 5 mgKOH/g or less.
- the hydroxyl value refers to the hydroxyl value measured in accordance with JIS K0070:1992.
- pour point of the complex ester may be -10°C or lower, -20°C or lower, or -30°C or lower, or may be -60°C or higher.
- pour point refers to the pour point measured in accordance with JIS K2269:1987.
- volume resistivity of the complex ester may be 0.0001 T ⁇ m or more, 0.001 T ⁇ m or more, or 0.01 T ⁇ m or more.
- volume resistivity refers to the volume resistivity at 25°C measured in accordance with JIS C2101:1999.
- complex esters described above are suitable for use in refrigeration oils and as base oils for refrigeration oils. That is, another embodiment of the present invention may be a refrigeration oil containing the above complex ester, or a base oil for refrigeration oils containing the above complex ester.
- the content of complex ester in the refrigerating machine oil may be 10% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, 40% by mass or more, 50% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil, and may be 99% by mass or less, 90% by mass or less, 80% by mass or less, 70% by mass or less, 60% by mass or less, 50% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, or 30% by mass or less.
- the refrigeration oil may further contain other base oils than the complex esters.
- base oils include known base oils such as oxygen-containing oils other than the complex esters and hydrocarbon oils.
- oxygen-containing oils include esters other than the complex esters and ethers.
- esters include polyol esters (excluding the complex esters).
- ethers include polyalkylene glycols and polyvinyl ethers.
- hydrocarbon oils include mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, poly ⁇ -olefins, polybutenes, and ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers.
- the refrigeration oil preferably further contains a polyol ester (excluding the above complex ester) in addition to the above complex ester.
- polyol esters include esters of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids.
- the polyhydric alcohol may be a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
- the number of carbon atoms in the polyhydric alcohol may be 4 or more or 5 or more, and 12 or less or 10 or less.
- Examples of polyhydric alcohols include neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di-(trimethylolpropane), tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol.
- the polyhydric alcohol preferably includes pentaerythritol, and may include pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol.
- the fatty acid may be linear or branched.
- the fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated.
- the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid may be 4 or more or 5 or more, and 20 or less, 18 or less, or 9 or less.
- Examples of fatty acids include 2-methylpropanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-methylheptanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and 2-ethylhexadecanoic acid.
- the fatty acid preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpropanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
- the content of polyol ester may be 10% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, 40% by mass or more, 50% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil, and may be 99% by mass or less, 90% by mass or less, 80% by mass or less, 70% by mass or less, 60% by mass or less, 50% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, or 30% by mass or less.
- the refrigeration oil may further contain additives.
- additives include anti-wear agents, antioxidants, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, oiliness agents, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and detergent dispersants.
- the total content of these additives may be, for example, 0.5% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, or 2% by mass or more, and may be 5% by mass or more, 4% by mass or less, or 3% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the refrigeration oil.
- the refrigeration oil may be present in the refrigerator as a working fluid composition mixed with a refrigerant. That is, in one embodiment, the refrigeration oil is used together with the refrigerant.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a working fluid composition containing the above-mentioned refrigeration oil and a refrigerant.
- the refrigeration oil containing the above-mentioned complex ester is capable of maintaining a high level of balance between refrigerant compatibility and refrigerant dissolution viscosity.
- refrigeration oils containing the above-mentioned complex esters and polyol esters can achieve both refrigerant compatibility (particularly compatibility with R32) and refrigerant dissolution viscosity characteristics.
- refrigeration oils that do not contain complex esters but contain polyol esters tend to have a low refrigerant dissolution viscosity even if they have good refrigerant compatibility (particularly compatibility with R32), and conversely, they tend to have a trade-off relationship in that they have poor refrigerant compatibility (particularly compatibility with R32) even if they have high refrigerant dissolution viscosity.
- the maximum low-temperature side two-phase separation temperature (for any refrigerant) is preferably -2°C or lower, and the refrigerant solution viscosity at 80°C and 3.4 MPa is preferably 2.5 mm2 /s or higher.
- the maximum low-temperature side two-phase separation temperature is preferably -5°C or lower, more preferably -10°C or lower, and the refrigerant solution viscosity is preferably 2.6 mm2 /s or higher, 2.7 mm2 /s or higher, 2.8 mm2 /s or higher, or 2.9 mm2 /s or higher, more preferably 3.0 mm2 /s or higher, 3.1 mm2 /s or higher, 3.2 mm2 /s or higher, or 3.3 mm2 /s or higher.
- the maximum low-temperature side two-phase separation temperature is -2°C or less, preferably -5°C or less
- the refrigerant solution viscosity at 80°C and 3.4 MPa is 2.5 mm 2 /s or more, 2.6 mm 2 /s or more, 2.7 mm 2 /s or more, or 2.9 mm 2 /s or more, preferably 3.0 mm 2 /s or more, 3.1 mm 2 /s or more, 3.2 mm 2 /s or more, or 3.3 mm 2 /s or more.
- the refrigerant solution viscosity can be increased without significantly decreasing the refrigerant solution viscosity in the working fluid composition of R32 and refrigerating machine oil, and without significantly decreasing the low-temperature side two-phase separation temperature or significantly increasing the low-temperature side two-phase separation temperature.
- the refrigerant dissolution viscosity at 80°C and 3.4 MPa can be maintained to, for example, 2.4 mm2/s or more or 2.5 mm2 /s or more, preferably 2.6 mm2 /s or more, 2.7 mm2 /s or more, 2.8 mm2 /s or more, 2.9 mm2 /s or more, or 3.0 mm2 /s or more, while the maximum low-temperature side two-phase separation temperature can be, for example, -5°C or less, preferably -20°C or less, -30°C or less, -40°C or less, or -50°C or less.
- the refrigerant dissolution viscosity at 80°C and 3.4 MPa can be maintained to, for example, 2.4 mm2 /s or more, or 2.5 mm2 /s or more, and the maximum low-temperature side two-phase separation temperature can be, for example, -5°C or less, preferably -20°C or less, -30°C or less, -40°C or less, or -50°C or less.
- the refrigeration oil in this embodiment is also useful as a dual-purpose oil for both R32 and at least one R32-containing mixed refrigerant selected from R410A, R454B, etc.
- the content of R32 in such R32-containing mixed refrigerants is preferably 15% by mass or more, 40% by mass or more, or 60% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the mixed refrigerant, and is preferably 90% by mass or less, 80% by mass or less, or 70% by mass or less.
- Refrigerants include, for example, saturated fluorocarbons (also known as HFCs), unsaturated fluorocarbons (also known as HFOs), hydrocarbons, fluorinated ethers, bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfide, trifluoroiodomethane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide (R744).
- the refrigerant includes a saturated fluorocarbon.
- the saturated fluorohydrocarbons are preferably saturated fluorohydrocarbons having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- saturated fluorohydrocarbons include difluoromethane (R32), trifluoromethane (R23), pentafluoroethane (R125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a), fluoroethane (R16 1), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R236ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R236fa), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R245fa),
- the unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon is preferably a fluoroolefin having 2 to 4 carbon atoms selected from fluoroethylene, fluoropropene, and fluorobutene.
- fluoropropenes include fluoropropenes having 1 to 5 fluorine atoms and 3 carbon atoms, such as 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ye), and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf); monofluoroethylene (HFO-1141), 1,1-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132a), (E)-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), (Z)-1,2-difluor
- the hydrocarbon is preferably a hydrocarbon having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon include methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane (R290), cyclopropane, normal butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, methylcyclopropane, 2-methylbutane, and normal pentane.
- the hydrocarbon is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of propane, normal butane, isobutane, and 2-methylbutane.
- HFCs saturated fluorocarbons
- the refrigerant may include saturated fluorocarbons (HFCs) and unsaturated fluorocarbons (HFOs).
- HFCs saturated fluorocarbons
- HFOs unsaturated fluorocarbons
- the refrigerant may be a mixed refrigerant containing other unsaturated fluorohydrocarbons.
- Such mixed refrigerants include R444B, R448B, R449B, R449C, R450A, R451A, R451B, R452A, R452C, R454A, R454C, R456A, R457A, R457B, R457C, R457D, R459A, R459B, R460A, R460B, R460C, R463 A, R463A-J, R464A, R465A, R468A, R468B, R468C, R470A, R470B, R471A, R473A, R474A, R475A, R476A, R479A, R480A, R481A, R482A, R513B, R514A, R515A, R515B, R516A, etc.
- the amount of refrigerating machine oil in the working fluid composition may be 1 part by mass or more or 2 parts by mass or more, and may be 500 parts by mass or less or 400 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of refrigerant.
- the refrigeration oil and working fluid composition are suitable for use in air conditioners with reciprocating or rotary hermetic compressors, refrigerators, open or hermetic car air conditioners, dehumidifiers, water heaters, freezers, refrigerated and freezer warehouses, vending machines, showcases, and refrigeration units in chemical plants, as well as refrigeration units with centrifugal compressors.
- Example 1-1 An ester intermediate obtained by reacting 2 moles of adipic acid with 1.24 moles of 1,2-propanediol was further reacted with 1.52 moles of 2-ethylhexanol, and the remaining unreacted substances and trace amounts of impurities were then removed by distillation and using an adsorbent so as to obtain a low acid value and a low hydroxyl value, thereby obtaining complex ester 1.
- Example 1-2 Complex ester 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the ratio of the raw materials was changed to 2 mol of adipic acid, 1.51 mol of 1,2-propanediol, and 0.93 mol of 2-ethylhexanol.
- Example 3 Complex ester 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the ratio of the raw materials was changed to 2 mol of adipic acid, 1.64 mol of 1,2-propanediol, and 0.8 mol of 2-ethylhexanol.
- Example 1 Complex ester 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the raw materials were changed to 2 mol of adipic acid, 1.33 mol of 1,2-propanediol, and 1.38 mol of 1-butanol.
- Example 5 Complex ester 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the raw materials were changed to 2 mol of adipic acid, 1.14 mol of 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, and 1.62 mol of 1-butanol.
- Example 6 Complex ester 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the raw materials were changed to 2 mol of adipic acid, 1.33 mol of 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and 1.38 mol of 1-butanol.
- the absolute viscosity and volume of the working fluid composition at this time were measured, and the density of the working fluid was obtained from the refrigerant vapor density, the amount of oil and refrigerant filled, and the mass of the working fluid, and the refrigerant dissolution viscosity ( mm2 /s) was calculated.
- Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 2-2 the two-phase separation temperature (maximum value) and refrigerant dissolution viscosity were measured in the same manner as above when the type of refrigerant was changed from R32 to R410A and R454B, respectively.
- the refrigerant dissolution viscosity was increased, and the balance with refrigerant compatibility was improved.
- Example 2-1 Two-phase separation temperature (maximum value): -55°C, refrigerant dissolution viscosity: 3.0 mm 2 /s Comparative Example 2-2 Two-phase separation temperature (maximum value): -51°C, refrigerant dissolution viscosity: 2.5 mm 2 /s (When using R454B)
- Example 2-1 Two-phase separation temperature (maximum value): -50°C, refrigerant dissolution viscosity: 2.5 mm 2 /s Comparative Example 2-2
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Abstract
Description
[1] 二価カルボン酸と、二価アルコールと、一価アルコール及び一価カルボン酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種とのコンプレックスエステルであって、二価アルコールが、4級炭素を有さない分岐状の二価アルコールのみからなる、コンプレックスエステル。
[2] 二価カルボン酸と、二価アルコールと、一価アルコール及び一価カルボン酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種とのコンプレックスエステルを含有する冷凍機油であって、二価アルコールが、4級炭素を有さない分岐状の二価アルコールのみからなる、冷凍機油。
[3] 多価アルコールと脂肪酸とのポリオールエステルを更に含有する、[2]に記載の冷凍機油。
[4] [2]又は[3]に記載の冷凍機油と、冷媒と、を含有する作動流体組成物。
[5] 冷媒がジフルオロメタンを含む、[4]に記載の作動流体組成物。
アジピン酸2モルと、1,2-プロパンジオール1.24モルとを反応させたエステル中間体に、2-エチルヘキサノール1.52モルを更に反応させた後、低酸価及び低水酸基価となるように、残存した未反応物や微量の不純物を蒸留及び吸着剤を用いて除去して、コンプレックスエステル1を得た。
原料の比率を、アジピン酸2モル、1,2-プロパンジオール1.51モル、2-エチルヘキサノール0.93モルにそれぞれ変更した以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、コンプレックスエステル2を得た。
原料の比率を、アジピン酸2モル、1,2-プロパンジオール1.64モル、2-エチルヘキサノール0.8モルにそれぞれ変更した以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、コンプレックスエステル3を得た。
原料を、アジピン酸2モル、1,2-プロパンジオール1.33モル、1-ブタノール1.38モルに変更した以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、コンプレックスエステル4を得た。
原料を、アジピン酸2モル、3-メチル-1,5-ペンタンジオール1.14モル、1-ブタノール1.62モルに変更した以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、コンプレックスエステル5を得た。
原料を、アジピン酸2モル、2-メチル-1,3-プロパンジオール1.33モル、1-ブタノール1.38モルに変更した以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、コンプレックスエステル6を得た。
アジピン酸2モル、ネオペンチルグリコール0.51モル、1,4-ブタンジオール0.56モル、及び3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール1.58モルを反応させた後、低酸価となるよう、残存した未反応物や微量の不純物を蒸留及び吸着剤を用いて除去して、コンプレックスエステル7を得た。
原料を、アジピン酸2モル、ネオペンチルグリコール1.3モル、1,4-ブタンジオール0.19モル、及び3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール1.16モルに変更した以外は、比較例1-1と同様にして、コンプレックスエステル8を得た。
1,2-プロパンジオールを1,2-エタンジオールに変更した以外は、実施例1-4と同様にして、コンプレックスエステル9を得た。
各コンプレックスエステル10gを試験管に入れ、-40℃の環境下で2週間保管した後、コンプレックスエステルにおける析出の有無を観察し、以下の基準に基づき低温安定性を評価した。
A:析出が見られなかった。
B:微量の析出が見られたが、大半は透明であった。
C:析出が見られ、全体が白濁していた。
上記のコンプレックスエステル2、3及び8と、以下のポリオールエステルとを用いて、表2に示す組成(冷凍機油全量基準の質量%)の冷凍機油を調製した。
ポリオールエステル:ペンタエリスリトールと、2-メチルプロパン酸/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸(モル比:37/63)とのポリオールエステル(40℃における動粘度:68mm2/s)
オイルレート(OR=冷凍機油の量(g)/冷凍機油の量及び冷媒(R32)の量の合計(g)×100)(質量%)が10、15、20、及び30質量%であるときそれぞれについて、低温側二層分離温度を測定した。
まず、振動式粘度計、温度計、圧力計を取り付けた耐圧容器(容積400cm3)に、冷凍機油100gを充填し、耐圧容器内を真空脱気した後、冷媒(R32)を充填し、温度80℃、絶対圧力3.4MPaの条件となるように、作動流体の温度及び耐圧容器内の圧力を調整し、冷凍機油及び冷媒とからなる作動流体組成物を調製した。このときの作動流体組成物の絶対粘度及び体積を測定し、冷媒蒸気密度、充填した油及び冷媒の量、作動流体の質量から作動流体の密度を得、冷媒溶解粘度(mm2/s)を算出した。
(R410Aを用いた場合)
・実施例2-1
二層分離温度(最大値):-55℃、冷媒溶解粘度:3.0mm2/s
・比較例2-2
二層分離温度(最大値):-51℃、冷媒溶解粘度:2.5mm2/s
(R454Bを用いた場合)
・実施例2-1
二層分離温度(最大値):-50℃、冷媒溶解粘度:2.5mm2/s
・比較例2-2
二層分離温度(最大値):-53℃、冷媒溶解粘度:2.2mm2/s
Claims (5)
- 二価カルボン酸と、二価アルコールと、一価アルコール及び一価カルボン酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種とのコンプレックスエステルであって、
前記二価アルコールが、4級炭素を有さない分岐状の二価アルコールのみからなる、コンプレックスエステル。 - 二価カルボン酸と、二価アルコールと、一価アルコール及び一価カルボン酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種とのコンプレックスエステルを含有する冷凍機油であって、
前記二価アルコールが、4級炭素を有さない分岐状の二価アルコールのみからなる、冷凍機油。 - 多価アルコールと脂肪酸とのポリオールエステルを更に含有する、請求項2に記載の冷凍機油。
- 請求項2又は3に記載の冷凍機油と、冷媒と、を含有する作動流体組成物。
- 前記冷媒がジフルオロメタンを含む、請求項4に記載の作動流体組成物。
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| JP2024570212A JPWO2024150790A1 (ja) | 2023-01-13 | 2024-01-11 | |
| EP24741562.3A EP4632050A1 (en) | 2023-01-13 | 2024-01-11 | Complex ester, refrigerator oil, and working fluid composition |
| KR1020257023599A KR20250124339A (ko) | 2023-01-13 | 2024-01-11 | 컴플렉스 에스테르, 냉동기유 및 작동 유체 조성물 |
| CN202480005823.5A CN120418398A (zh) | 2023-01-13 | 2024-01-11 | 复合酯、冷冻机油和工作流体组合物 |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03200896A (ja) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-09-02 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | 非塩素系フロン冷媒用冷凍機油 |
| JPH07330670A (ja) * | 1994-06-02 | 1995-12-19 | Satoru Matsumoto | 複合エステルならびにエステル類の改良された製造方法 |
| JP2002038175A (ja) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-02-06 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | 冷凍機油組成物 |
| JP2002220595A (ja) * | 2001-01-26 | 2002-08-09 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | 二酸化炭素冷媒用冷凍機油及び冷凍機用流体組成物 |
| WO2004087847A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-14 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | 潤滑油及び潤滑方法 |
| JP2005291332A (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 流体軸受装置及びそれを用いたスピンドルモータ |
| JP6614510B2 (ja) | 2015-06-08 | 2019-12-04 | 日油株式会社 | 冷凍機油用エステルおよび冷凍機油用作動流体組成物 |
-
2024
- 2024-01-11 KR KR1020257023599A patent/KR20250124339A/ko active Pending
- 2024-01-11 CN CN202480005823.5A patent/CN120418398A/zh active Pending
- 2024-01-11 WO PCT/JP2024/000416 patent/WO2024150790A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-11 EP EP24741562.3A patent/EP4632050A1/en active Pending
- 2024-01-11 JP JP2024570212A patent/JPWO2024150790A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03200896A (ja) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-09-02 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | 非塩素系フロン冷媒用冷凍機油 |
| JPH07330670A (ja) * | 1994-06-02 | 1995-12-19 | Satoru Matsumoto | 複合エステルならびにエステル類の改良された製造方法 |
| JP2002038175A (ja) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-02-06 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | 冷凍機油組成物 |
| JP2002220595A (ja) * | 2001-01-26 | 2002-08-09 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | 二酸化炭素冷媒用冷凍機油及び冷凍機用流体組成物 |
| WO2004087847A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-14 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | 潤滑油及び潤滑方法 |
| JP2005291332A (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 流体軸受装置及びそれを用いたスピンドルモータ |
| JP6614510B2 (ja) | 2015-06-08 | 2019-12-04 | 日油株式会社 | 冷凍機油用エステルおよび冷凍機油用作動流体組成物 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4632050A1 |
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| KR20250124339A (ko) | 2025-08-19 |
| JPWO2024150790A1 (ja) | 2024-07-18 |
| EP4632050A1 (en) | 2025-10-15 |
| CN120418398A (zh) | 2025-08-01 |
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