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WO2024149556A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un four électrique à courant continu pour la production de fonte de fer et de laitier en fusion - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un four électrique à courant continu pour la production de fonte de fer et de laitier en fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024149556A1
WO2024149556A1 PCT/EP2023/085565 EP2023085565W WO2024149556A1 WO 2024149556 A1 WO2024149556 A1 WO 2024149556A1 EP 2023085565 W EP2023085565 W EP 2023085565W WO 2024149556 A1 WO2024149556 A1 WO 2024149556A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iron
liquid slag
slag
electric furnace
solids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2023/085565
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Schubert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority to CN202380090885.6A priority Critical patent/CN120584203A/zh
Priority to EP23828723.9A priority patent/EP4649178A1/fr
Publication of WO2024149556A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024149556A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/527—Charging of the electric furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5229—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in a direct current [DC] electric arc furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
    • H05B7/20—Direct heating by arc discharge, i.e. where at least one end of the arc directly acts on the material to be heated, including additional resistance heating by arc current flowing through the material to be heated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5229—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in a direct current [DC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C2005/5235—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in a direct current [DC] electric arc furnace with bottom electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a direct current electric furnace for producing molten iron and liquid slag.
  • Liquid iron production via fossil-based blast furnace routes generates a lot of C0 2 .
  • Natural gas-powered direct reduction plants emit significantly less CO 2 , but the result is solid sponge iron.
  • the direct reduction route also offers the possibility of working with high hydrogen content in the process gas, which can potentially reduce overall CO 2 emissions. It does not matter which direct reduction process is used, be it vertical shafts or rotary kilns, as long as the product is solid sponge iron. High production outputs mean that such plants are more likely to be operated at an economic optimum, so that a complete reduction of the sponge iron does not necessarily have to occur.
  • the solid sponge iron must be melted in melting units, whereby different approaches can be used, such as induction furnaces or electric arc furnaces or even melt reduction furnaces.
  • the sponge iron is melted and the already reduced portion in the sponge iron separates into a metallic phase (molten iron) from the non-reduced portion.
  • the non-reduced portion is then discharged into the liquid slag in the usual melting process, which results in a suboptimal yield and an increased amount of liquid slag with higher iron contents.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating an electric melter with which an optimal yield and a reduced amount of liquid slag with a lower iron content up to essentially complete removal of the iron content can be achieved compared to the prior art.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a direct current electric furnace with at least one upper electrode and at least one lower electrode for producing an iron melt and a liquid slag, comprising the steps of: - charging the melter with solids containing iron-containing material and slag formers; - melting the solids to produce an iron melt and a liquid slag arranged on the iron melt, wherein during the melting of the solids the upper electrode functions as a cathode and the lower electrode as an anode; - tapping the liquid slag and the iron melt; wherein before the liquid slag and the iron melt are tapping, the upper electrode is brought into contact with the liquid slag and a polarity reversal is carried out and thus the upper electrode functions as an anode and the lower electrode as a cathode.
  • the direct current electric furnace has an upper electrode and a lower electrode.
  • two or three upper electrodes and/or two or three lower electrodes can also be provided.
  • the working principle/operation of direct current electric furnaces is familiar to the expert, so that after charging the melter with solids containing iron-containing material and slag formers, the step of melting the solids is initiated to produce an iron melt and a liquid slag arranged on the iron melt, whereby the upper electrode acts as the cathode and the lower electrode as the anode during the melting of the solids.
  • the direct current electric furnace is preferably It is preferably operated as an arc furnace, with the upper electrode being positioned at a distance from the solids to be melted.
  • the upper electrode can also be positioned in contact with the solids to be melted, with the solids then being heated by means of the Joule effect. Both operating principles are familiar to the expert.
  • the upper electrode is brought into contact with the liquid slag and the molten iron before the tapping off of the liquid slag and the polarity is reversed so that the upper electrode acts as an anode and the lower electrode as a cathode.
  • the oxygen still bound in the non-reduced portions of the iron-containing materials that were transferred into the liquid slag during melting can be separated, so that additional liquid iron can enter the iron melt through the reaction Fe 2 O 3 + e- -> 2 Fe + 3/2 0 2 and thus less liquid slag, in particular with little to essentially no iron content, can be provided and thus tapped.
  • the iron oxide is electrochemically deoxidized by applying an electrical voltage according to the electrochemical voltage series known to those skilled in the art.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that in this configuration, prior to tapping, molten salt electrolysis takes place due to the polarity reversal.
  • the principle of molten salt electrolysis is described by way of example in EP 2 609 231 Bl, whereby the teaching in this publication is based on other parameters compared to the invention, namely a carbon dioxide-free production of liquid metal by using natural (non-reduced) ores.
  • This temporary procedure has the advantage over conventional methods for producing molten iron and liquid slag that the yield of the iron melt is higher, especially with a comparable or even reduced energy requirement.
  • the melting of pre-reduced iron does not have the disadvantage that the overall production output of iron is significantly higher than when it is produced exclusively using the example of fused salt electrolysis from EP 2 609 231 B1, since only the non-reduced portion of iron oxides in the liquid slag is reduced.
  • This also has the advantage compared to the example of fused salt electrolysis that significantly shorter process times can be achieved.
  • the iron-containing material contains or consists of sponge iron.
  • the sponge iron originating from a direct reduction process does not necessarily have to be completely reduced, so that the degree of metallization of the sponge iron used can be between 20 and 95%.
  • the degree of metallization can in particular be at most 90%, preferably at most 80%, preferably at most 70%.
  • the determination of the degree of metallization is known to the person skilled in the art, and can be determined in particular by (Fe eie - mentar / Fe to tai) * 100 in the sponge iron.
  • a carbon-containing additive can also be charged.
  • the additional carbon-containing additive contributes to increasing the carbon content in the molten iron.
  • an enrichment of the carbon content in the molten iron to at least 2.50 wt. %, in particular to at least 3.00 wt. %, preferably to at least 3.50 wt. %, more preferably to at least 4.00 wt. Setting a value of more than 5.5 wt. % carbon in the molten iron is not technically sensible.
  • the additional carbon-containing additive can be charged in solid, gaseous and/or liquid form.
  • a solid form such as biocoke, coke, coal
  • a gaseous form as carbon-containing or hydrocarbon-containing gases, including metallurgical gases, in particular coke oven gas, converter gas, blast furnace gas from electric smelters
  • a liquid form such as alcohol, hydrocarbon, biofuel.
  • additional scrap can be charged. This can be done, for example, in such a way that > 0 kg, in particular at least 20 kg, preferably at least 50 kg, preferably at least 80 kg up to 200 kg of scrap can be charged per ton of molten iron produced.
  • the charging of the slag formers can be such that a basicity B3 in the liquid slag of between 0.9 and 1.8 is established.
  • B3 can in particular be at least 1.0, preferably at least 1.1 and in particular a maximum of 1.7, preferably a maximum of 1.6.
  • the basicity B3 corresponds to the ratio (CaO+Mg 2 O) to (SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ), whereby the determination of the characteristic quantities in the slag in the solid state is familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • the slag former comprises at least one or more of the elements from the group (CaO, Mg 2 O, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ).
  • sponge iron which is obtained from iron ore consisting of oxidic iron (iron oxide) and gangue, whereby the proportions can differ depending on the mining site, by means of direct reduction to metallic iron and gangue. If the gangue is not sufficient, B3 slag formers are added to adjust the basicity to be achieved.
  • the energy required for melting is provided from renewable energy (sun, wind, water, biomass). This allows the direct current electric furnace to be operated in a more climate-neutral manner.
  • the direct current electric furnace can preferably be a furnace of the open slag bath furnace type.
  • These include electric submerged arc furnaces, especially direct current submerged arc furnaces (submerged arc furnaces dc), which work with arc resistance heating by generating arcs between the electrode and the solids and/or the liquid slag or by heating the solids and/or the slag using the Joule effect.
  • melting furnaces with direct arc action can also be used, especially direct current electric arc furnaces (dc) or direct current ladle furnaces (dc).
  • the direct current electric furnace (10) comprises a vessel (15) and at least one lower electrode (11.1), which is preferably arranged as a bottom electrode in the bottom of the vessel (15).
  • the direct current electric furnace (10) can comprise a lid (16) which can close the vessel (15) at the top and thus a defined or targeted, preferably reducing atmosphere can be set within the direct current electric furnace (10).
  • the lid (16) can be arranged so as to be movable essentially vertically. see double arrow.
  • charging points (12) are provided in the form of openings in the cover (16) with corresponding supply lines through which the direct current electric furnace (10) is charged.
  • the direct current electric furnace (10) is charged with solids (17) containing iron-containing material and slag formers.
  • the iron-containing material contains or consists of sponge iron, whereby the degree of metallization of the sponge iron can be between 50 and 95%.
  • scrap can also be charged as another iron-containing material, for example with > 0 kg up to 200 kg of scrap per ton of molten iron produced (1).
  • the slag former comprises at least one or more of the elements from the group (CaO, Mg 2 O, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ) and can be dimensioned such that a basicity B3 in the liquid slag (2) of between 0.9 and 1.8 is established.
  • a carbon-containing additive can also be charged such that the carbon content in the molten iron (1) is enriched to at least 2.50 wt.%.
  • the operation of the direct current electric furnace (10) can begin and the at least one upper electrode (11) is positioned above the solids (17).
  • An arc is ignited between the solids (17) and the upper electrode (11) so that the solids (17) are gradually melted to produce an iron melt (1) and a liquid slag (2) arranged on the iron melt (2), wherein the upper electrode (11) functions as a cathode (-) and the lower electrode (11.1) as an anode (+) while the solids are melting.
  • the direct current electric furnace (10) can be successively charged further with solids (17) until the desired output of the iron melt (1) is achieved.
  • the energy required for melting is preferably provided from renewable energy.
  • the upper electrode (11) is brought into contact with the liquid slag (2) and the polarity is reversed so that the upper electrode (11) acts as an anode (+) and the lower electrode (11.1) as a cathode (-). If there are several upper electrodes, not shown here, it is also possible to polarize them alternately as anode and cathode. Then the polarity is reversed by preferably immersing, see double arrow, the upper electrode (11) in the liquid slag (2) without immersing it in the molten iron (1).
  • the liquid Gel electrolysis can also contribute to slag conditioning, among other things until the desired basicity B3 is achieved. If the specifications for the iron melt (1) and liquid slag (2) are met, the iron melt (1) produced in the vessel (15) and the liquid slag (2) arranged on the iron melt (1) are ready for tapping.
  • the liquid slag (2) is tapped off via, for example, a tapping point (13) and the molten iron (1) is tapped off via a tapping point (14) in the vessel (15).
  • nozzles can be arranged in the vessel (15), in particular in the bottom of the vessel (15), to influence the movement of the molten iron (1).
  • the direct current electric furnace (10) can also be pivotally mounted to allow tilting and thus tapping of liquid slag (2) in one direction and molten iron (1) in the other direction.
  • the iron melt (1) is removed and fed to a further processing step.
  • the iron melt (1) is preferably fed to a treatment in order to reduce the carbon in the iron melt (1) to a desired level. This is done, for example, using oxygen in a so-called oxygen blowing process, particularly preferably in a converter.
  • the tapped liquid melt (2) is also preferably fed to a granulation process in order to produce slag, in particular for the construction industry.
  • the gases produced in the lid are removed and treated.
  • the gases and dust can be extracted separately from the melting phase and the electrolysis phase, respectively, since the resulting exhaust gas contains oxygen.
  • the electrodes are made of suitable materials such as WC, Ti-Ir, Pt, C, graphite or mixtures thereof.
  • the mixtures can also be used as an additive to Söderberg electrodes.
  • Coated electrodes can also be used, such as ceramic rods that have been coated or doped with the aforementioned material.
  • the electrical voltage is preferably 3V, in particular to generate an overpotential.
  • a higher voltage increases the yield, but in return causes greater wear on the electrodes and a reduction in accompanying elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un four électrique à courant continu (10) présentant au moins une électrode supérieure (11) et au moins une électrode inférieure (11.1) pour la production de fonte de fer (1) et de laitier en fusion (2).
PCT/EP2023/085565 2023-01-11 2023-12-13 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un four électrique à courant continu pour la production de fonte de fer et de laitier en fusion Ceased WO2024149556A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202380090885.6A CN120584203A (zh) 2023-01-11 2023-12-13 用于运行直流电炉以生产铁熔体和液态炉渣的方法
EP23828723.9A EP4649178A1 (fr) 2023-01-11 2023-12-13 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un four électrique à courant continu pour la production de fonte de fer et de laitier en fusion

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102023100464.6A DE102023100464A1 (de) 2023-01-11 2023-01-11 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gleichstrom-Elektroofens zur Erzeugung einer Eisenschmelze und Flüssigschlacke
DE102023100464.6 2023-01-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024149556A1 true WO2024149556A1 (fr) 2024-07-18

Family

ID=89378603

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2023/085565 Ceased WO2024149556A1 (fr) 2023-01-11 2023-12-13 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un four électrique à courant continu pour la production de fonte de fer et de laitier en fusion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4649178A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN120584203A (fr)
DE (1) DE102023100464A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024149556A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA855801A (en) * 1970-11-10 Tohoku Special Steel Works Limited Method and apparatus for melting and refining metals by direct currents
EP0362253B1 (fr) * 1987-05-26 1997-12-03 The University Of Toronto Innovations Foundation Procede de traitement de metaux liquides
US6264883B1 (en) * 1997-06-27 2001-07-24 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Plant for the production of metal melts
EP1124995B1 (fr) 1998-10-07 2002-07-17 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Four electrique a courant continu incluyant une cuve centrale de chargement pour la production d'acier et procede pour produire de l'acier
EP0657549B1 (fr) 1993-12-10 2004-06-30 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Procédé de production d'une fonte d'acier
DE19744151C5 (de) 1997-10-07 2004-08-26 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren zum Schmelzen von feinkörnigem, direkt reduziertem Eisen in einem Elektrolichtbogenofen
EP2609231B1 (fr) 2010-08-23 2018-10-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Extraction d'un élément liquide par électrolyse d'oxydes

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA855801A (en) * 1970-11-10 Tohoku Special Steel Works Limited Method and apparatus for melting and refining metals by direct currents
EP0362253B1 (fr) * 1987-05-26 1997-12-03 The University Of Toronto Innovations Foundation Procede de traitement de metaux liquides
EP0657549B1 (fr) 1993-12-10 2004-06-30 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Procédé de production d'une fonte d'acier
US6264883B1 (en) * 1997-06-27 2001-07-24 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Plant for the production of metal melts
DE19744151C5 (de) 1997-10-07 2004-08-26 Outokumpu Oyj Verfahren zum Schmelzen von feinkörnigem, direkt reduziertem Eisen in einem Elektrolichtbogenofen
EP1124995B1 (fr) 1998-10-07 2002-07-17 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Four electrique a courant continu incluyant une cuve centrale de chargement pour la production d'acier et procede pour produire de l'acier
EP2609231B1 (fr) 2010-08-23 2018-10-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Extraction d'un élément liquide par électrolyse d'oxydes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102023100464A1 (de) 2024-07-11
CN120584203A (zh) 2025-09-02
EP4649178A1 (fr) 2025-11-19

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