WO2024029479A1 - ガラス固体電解質及びリチウムイオン電池 - Google Patents
ガラス固体電解質及びリチウムイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/16—Halogen containing crystalline phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/14—Compositions for glass with special properties for electro-conductive glass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/10—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances sulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass solid electrolyte and a lithium ion battery.
- Li 3 PS 4 glass is known to have a high filling rate.
- Solid electrolytes containing Li 3 PS 4 glass are disclosed, for example, in Patent Documents 1 to 3.
- Li 3 PS 4 glass had a low ionic conductivity of less than 1 mS/cm.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a glass solid electrolyte that has a filling factor as high as or higher than conventional glass solid electrolytes, and has high ionic conductivity.
- the following glass solid electrolytes and the like are provided.
- 1. Contains lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, and halogen including at least bromine as constituent elements,
- the molar ratio (Li/P) of the lithium (Li) to the phosphorus (P) is 2.0 to 5.3
- the molar ratio (S/P) of the sulfur (S) to the phosphorus (P) is 2.0 to 4.5
- the molar ratio (X/P) of the halogen (X) to the phosphorus (P) is 0.7 to 2.3
- the glass solid electrolyte according to 1 or 2 which shows a peak derived from lithium iodide in powder X-ray diffraction using CuK ⁇ radiation. 4.
- the glass solid electrolyte according to 3 wherein the crystallite size calculated from the peak half width of the peak having the maximum intensity among the peaks derived from lithium iodide is 3 to 60 nm. 5.
- the halogen contains iodine
- the molar ratio (I/P) of the iodine (I) to the phosphorus (P) is 2.0 or less
- the glass solid electrolyte according to any one of 1 to 8, wherein the molar ratio (Br/P) of the bromine (Br) to the phosphorus (P) is 0.01 to 1.5. 10.
- the glass solid electrolyte according to any one of 1 to 9 having an ionic conductivity of 1 mS/cm or more.
- a lithium ion battery comprising the glass solid electrolyte according to any one of 1 to 10. 12.
- a combination of two or more compounds or simple substances containing lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, and halogen including at least bromine as constituent elements The molar ratio (Li/P) of the lithium (Li) to the phosphorus (P) is 2.0 to 5.3, and the molar ratio (S/P) of the sulfur (S) to the phosphorus (P) is 2.0 to 5.3. 0 to 4.5, and vitrifying a mixture in which the molar ratio (X/P) of the halogen (X) to the phosphorus (P) is 0.7 to 2.3.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a glass solid electrolyte that has a filling factor as high as or higher than that of conventional glass solid electrolytes, and has high ionic conductivity.
- FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 1 to 4. This is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 5 to 8. This is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 9 to 13.
- 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 14 and 15. This is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 16 to 18.
- 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the glass solid electrolyte produced in Example 19. This is an X-ray diffraction pattern of glass solid electrolytes produced in Comparative Examples 1 to 8. This is an X-ray diffraction pattern of glass solid electrolytes produced in Comparative Examples 9 and 10.
- the glass solid electrolyte according to one embodiment of the present invention contains lithium (Li), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and halogen (X) containing at least bromine as constituent elements.
- the glass solid electrolyte of this embodiment has a higher halogen content than conventional glass solid electrolytes.
- a glass solid electrolyte can be obtained that has a filling factor as high as or higher than that of conventional glass solid electrolytes, and has high ionic conductivity.
- a glass solid electrolyte can be obtained in which the relative density of the 400 MPa powder compact, which is an indicator of the filling rate, is 90% or more.
- the glass solid electrolyte means a solid electrolyte containing a glass (amorphous) component.
- the presence of a glass component can be confirmed by the presence of a broad peak (halo pattern) due to an amorphous component in X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to phosphorus (P) is preferably 3.0 to 5.25, more preferably 3.5 to 5.20, and 3. .8 to 5.0, or even 4.0 to 4.8.
- the molar ratio (S/P) of sulfur (S) to phosphorus (P) is preferably 3.0 to 4.4, more preferably 3.5 to 4.3, and 3.8 to 4.2, or even 3.9 to 4.1. Adjusting the molar ratio of sulfur to phosphorus within the above range has the effect of reducing the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated in a low dew point environment.
- the molar ratio (X/P) of halogen (X) to phosphorus (P) is preferably 0.75 to 2.5, more preferably 0.80 to 2.3, and 0.85 to It may be set to 2.0, 0.90 to 1.8, and further 0.95 to 1.5.
- the glass solid electrolyte of this embodiment contains bromine and halogens other than bromine, such as fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, as constituent elements.
- the molar ratio (Br/X) of bromine (Br) to halogen (X) is preferably 0.05 to 1.0, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8.
- the molar ratio of bromine (Br) to phosphorus (P) (Br/P) is preferably 0.05 to 2.0, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5, and 0.2 to It may be set to 1.4, 0.3 to 1.3, or even 0.5 to 1.0.
- halogen (X) includes bromine and iodine.
- the molar ratio (I/P) of iodine (I) to phosphorus (P) is preferably 2.0 or less, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5, and 0.2 to 1.4. , 0.3 to 1.3, and further 0.5 to 1.0.
- the types and molar ratios of the constituent elements of the glass solid electrolyte can be confirmed using, for example, an ICP emission spectrometer.
- the molar ratio of the constituent elements of the glass solid electrolyte can be adjusted by controlling the raw material composition. Note that the molar ratio of the constituent elements in the raw material and the molar ratio of the constituent elements in the obtained glass solid electrolyte are approximately equal.
- the amount of PS 4 3- tetrahedral structure which is the main skeleton of the glass solid electrolyte, is increased, which has the effect of reducing the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated in a low dew point environment. Furthermore, since the amount of P 2 S 6 4- structure and P 2 S 7 4- structure, which are larger and more rigid than PS 4 3- structure, is reduced, the effect of improving the softness of the glass solid electrolyte can be obtained.
- ⁇ in formula (1) may be 0 to 0.3, 0 to 0.1, or 0.
- the true density of the glass solid electrolyte is preferably 2.0 to 3.0 g/cm 3 .
- a true density within the above range means that the Li 3 PS 4 glass contains a certain amount of halogen, and the contained halogen gives the solid electrolyte softness and improves ionic conductivity. Improved over Li3PS4 glass .
- the true density of the glass solid electrolyte is more preferably 2.05 to 2.9 g/cm 3 , particularly preferably 2.1 to 2.8 g/cm 3 .
- the true density of the glass solid electrolyte can be measured, for example, by a gas phase displacement method using He gas. Details of the method for measuring the true density of a glass solid electrolyte are shown in Examples.
- the glass solid electrolyte has a diffraction peak of lithium halide such as lithium iodide in addition to lithium bromide in powder X-ray diffraction measurement using CuK ⁇ radiation.
- Lithium halide observed in powder X-ray diffraction measurement of a glass solid electrolyte has lower crystallinity than the raw material lithium halide.
- the diffraction peak of lithium halide further softness can be added to the mechanical softness of the glass solid electrolyte itself.
- the peaks derived from lithium halide the peak position with the maximum intensity is observed, for example, in a range where 2 ⁇ is 25 to 30° (deg).
- the lithium halide is lithium iodide.
- the crystallite size calculated from the peak half width of the peak with the maximum intensity among the peaks derived from lithium bromide is 3 to 60 nm. Preferably it is 5 to 50 nm, more preferably 7 to 40 nm.
- diffraction peaks in powder X-ray diffraction measurements have a width, and the width of the peak that is half the height of the peak after subtracting the background is called the half-width. It is known that there is a correlation between half width and crystallite size. When the crystallite size is large, the crystallinity becomes high and the repeating regularity of the crystal structure becomes high, so that the half-width of the diffraction peak in powder X-ray diffraction measurement becomes narrow.
- Crystallite size can be adjusted by composition. For example, the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to phosphorus (P) (Li/P), the molar ratio of bromine (Br) to halogen (X) (Br/X), the molar ratio of iodine (I) to phosphorus (P)
- the crystallite size can be adjusted by adjusting (I/P).
- the crystallite size calculated from the peak half width of the peak with the highest intensity among the peaks is 3 to 60 nm. Preferably it is 5 to 50 nm, more preferably 7 to 40 nm.
- the peak half width and crystallite size are calculated from XRD. Details of measurement and calculation methods are shown in Examples. In addition, whether or not it has crystallites, that is, whether it shows peaks of LiBr and LiI, is also determined by the above calculation method.
- the glass solid electrolyte of this embodiment has a filling factor as high as or higher than that of conventional glass solid electrolytes, and has high ionic conductivity.
- the relative density of the 400 MPa green compact which is an indicator of the filling rate, can be made 90% or more.
- the relative density can be 90.5% or more, or 91% or more. Note that the upper limit of the relative density is not particularly limited, but is usually 99% or less.
- pellet density the density of the glass solid electrolyte powder
- relative density (%) pellet density x 100/true density
- the ionic conductivity of the glass solid electrolyte of this embodiment can be 1 mS/cm or more, and can also be 1.1 mS/cm or more.
- the glass solid electrolyte of the present embodiment can be produced, for example, by mixing starting materials of known lithium ion sulfide solid electrolytes so that the molar ratio of the constituent elements satisfies a predetermined range, and vitrifying the mixture.
- two or more compounds or single substances containing lithium, phosphorus, sulfur, and halogen as constituent elements can be used in combination, as long as they exhibit ionic conductivity due to the metal atoms contained. It can be adopted without any particular restrictions.
- Examples of raw materials containing lithium (Li) include lithium compounds such as lithium sulfide (Li 2 S), lithium oxide (Li 2 O), and lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and simple lithium metal. Among these, lithium compounds are preferred, and lithium sulfide is more preferred.
- lithium sulfide can be used without any particular restrictions, but one with high purity is preferred.
- Lithium sulfide can be produced, for example, by the methods described in JP-A-7-330312, JP-A-9-283156, JP-A-2010-163356, and JP-A-2011-84438.
- lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide are reacted at 70°C to 300°C in a hydrocarbon-based organic solvent to produce lithium hydrosulfide, and then this reaction solution is desulfurized to produce sulfide.
- Lithium can be synthesized (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-163356).
- Lithium sulfide can also be synthesized by reacting lithium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide in an aqueous solvent at 10°C to 100°C to produce lithium hydrogensulfide, and then desulfurizing this reaction solution (especially Publication No. 2011-84438).
- Examples of raw materials containing phosphorus (P) include phosphorus sulfides such as diphosphorus trisulfide (P 2 S 3 ) and diphosphorus pentasulfide (P 2 S 5 ), and phosphorus such as sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ). Examples include compounds, phosphorus alone, and the like. Among these, phosphorus sulfide is preferred, and diphosphorus pentasulfide (P 2 S 5 ) is more preferred. Phosphorus compounds such as diphosphorus pentasulfide (P 2 S 5 ) and phosphorus alone can be used without particular limitation as long as they are industrially produced and sold.
- the raw material containing halogen (X) as a constituent element preferably includes, for example, a halogen compound represented by the following formula.
- M is sodium (Na), lithium (Li), boron (B), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As). , selenium (Se), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), or these elements combined with oxygen element or sulfur element, and lithium ( Li) or phosphorus (P) is preferred, and lithium (Li) is more preferred.
- X is a halogen element selected from fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I).
- l is an integer of 1 or 2
- m is an integer of 1 to 10.
- Xs may be the same or different.
- SiBrCl 3 which will be described later, m is 4, and X is composed of different elements, Br and Cl.
- the halogen compounds include sodium halides such as NaI, NaF, NaCl, and NaBr; lithium halides such as LiF, LiCl, LiBr, and LiI; boron halides such as BCl3 , BBr3 , and BI3 ; Aluminum halides such as AlF3 , AlBr3 , AlI3 , AlCl3 ; silicon halides such as SiF4 , SiCl4 , SiCl3 , Si2Cl6 , SiBr4 , SiBrCl3 , SiBr2Cl2 , SiI4 ; Phosphorus halides such as PF3 , PF5 , PCl3 , PCl5 , POCl3 , PBr3 , POBr3 , PI3 , P2Cl4 , P2I4 ; SF2 , SF4 , SF6 , S2 Sulfur halides such as F10
- lithium halides such as lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), and lithium iodide (LiI), phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5 ), phosphorus trichloride (PCl 3 ), and phosphorus pentabromide (PBr 5 ), phosphorus tribromide (PBr 3 ), and other phosphorus halides are preferred.
- lithium halides such as LiCl, LiBr, and LiI and PBr 3 are preferred, lithium halides such as LiCl, LiBr, and LiI are more preferred, and LiI and LiBr are more preferred.
- the halogen compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more of the above compounds. That is, at least one of the above compounds can be used.
- the raw material contains a lithium compound, a phosphorus compound, and a halogen compound containing at least bromine, and it is preferable that at least one of the lithium compound and the phosphorus compound contains a sulfur element, and two types of raw materials are lithium sulfide and phosphorus sulfide.
- a combination of the above lithium halides is more preferable, and a combination of lithium sulfide, diphosphorus pentasulfide, and two or more types of lithium halides is even more preferable.
- the molar ratio of lithium sulfide and diphosphorus pentasulfide in the input raw materials is 65 to 85:15. -35 is preferred, 70-80:20-30 is more preferred, 72-78:22-28 is even more preferred, and 75:25 is particularly preferred.
- the amount of Li 3 PS 4 calculated from the constituent elements Li, P and S of lithium sulfide and diphosphorus pentasulfide is 100 parts by mole, it is preferable that the amount of lithium halide is 75 to 250 parts by mole, It is more preferably 80 to 225 mole parts, and may also be 85 to 200 mole parts, 90 to 175 mole parts, or 95 to 150 mole parts.
- mechanical stress is applied to the raw materials described above to cause them to react to form a glass solid electrolyte.
- applying mechanical stress means mechanically applying shearing force, impact force, etc.
- means for applying mechanical stress include pulverizers such as planetary ball mills, vibration mills, and rolling mills, and kneaders.
- the raw material powder is pulverized and mixed by strong mechanical stress until at least a part of it cannot maintain its crystallinity.
- the rotation speed may be several tens to several hundreds of revolutions/minute, and the treatment may be performed for 0.5 to 100 hours. More specifically, in the case of the planetary ball mill (manufactured by Fritsch, model number P-5) used in the Examples of the present application, the rotation speed of the planetary ball mill is preferably 100 rpm or more and 400 rpm or less, and more preferably 150 rpm or more and 300 rpm or less.
- the temperature during pulverization may be room temperature, and in this case, external cooling may not be performed and, for example, a 5-minute shutdown period may be provided every hour.
- pulverization may be performed while cooling without providing an operation stop period.
- the diameter thereof is preferably 0.2 to 20 mm.
- the glass solid electrolyte of this embodiment has a filling factor as high as or higher than that of conventional glass solid electrolytes, and has high ionic conductivity, so it is suitably used in batteries. It is particularly suitable when lithium element is employed as the conductive species.
- the glass solid electrolyte of this embodiment may be used for a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, or an electrolyte layer.
- a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the glass solid electrolyte of the present invention described above.
- an all-solid lithium ion battery can be manufactured by using the glass solid electrolyte of the present invention in place of a liquid electrolyte.
- An all-solid-state lithium ion battery mainly consists of a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer, and the glass solid electrolyte of the present invention can be used for any of them.
- each layer can be manufactured by a known method.
- a positive electrode composite material or a negative electrode composite material is obtained by mixing and dispersing a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material in the glass solid electrolyte of the present invention.
- the positive electrode active material is one that can promote a battery chemical reaction accompanied by the movement of lithium ions due to the lithium element, which is preferably employed as an element that exhibits ionic conductivity in this embodiment. If so, it can be used without any particular restrictions.
- positive electrode active materials capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions include oxide-based positive electrode active materials, sulfide-based positive electrode active materials, and the like.
- oxide-based positive electrode active materials include LMO (lithium manganate), LCO (lithium cobalt oxide), NMC (lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide), NCA (lithium nickel cobalt aluminate), LNCO (lithium nickel cobalt oxide), and olivine.
- LMO lithium manganate
- LCO lithium cobalt oxide
- NMC lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide
- NCA lithium nickel cobalt aluminate
- LNCO lithium nickel cobalt oxide
- sulfide-based positive electrode active materials examples include titanium sulfide (TiS 2 ), molybdenum sulfide (MoS 2 ), iron sulfide (FeS, FeS 2 ), copper sulfide (CuS), nickel sulfide (Ni 3 S 2 ), etc. .
- TiS 2 titanium sulfide
- MoS 2 molybdenum sulfide
- FeS, FeS 2 iron sulfide
- CuS copper sulfide
- Ni 3 S 2 nickel sulfide
- the positive electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination.
- the negative electrode active material an element that is preferably adopted as an element that exhibits ionic conductivity in this embodiment, preferably a metal that can form an alloy with lithium element, an oxide thereof, an alloy of the metal and lithium element, etc. Any material can be used without particular limitation as long as it can promote a battery chemical reaction accompanied by the movement of lithium ions, preferably caused by the lithium element.
- the negative electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions any known negative electrode active material in the field of batteries can be used without limitation.
- negative electrode active materials include metal lithium, metals that can form alloys with metal lithium, such as metal lithium, metal indium, metal aluminum, metal silicon, and metal tin, oxides of these metals, and metals that can form alloys with metal lithium, and oxides of these metals.
- metal lithium metals that can form alloys with metal lithium, such as metal lithium, metal indium, metal aluminum, metal silicon, and metal tin, oxides of these metals, and metals that can form alloys with metal lithium, and oxides of these metals.
- examples include alloys with metallic lithium.
- the electrode active material used in this embodiment may have a coating layer on its surface.
- the material forming the coating layer is an element that exhibits ionic conductivity in the crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte used in this embodiment, preferably an ionic conductor such as a nitride, oxide, or a composite thereof of the lithium element.
- an ionic conductor such as a nitride, oxide, or a composite thereof of the lithium element.
- One example is the body.
- lithium nitride (Li 3 N) a conductor having a lithicon type crystal structure such as Li 4-2x Zn x GeO 4 whose main structure is Li 4 GeO 4 , and a Li 3 PO 4 type skeleton
- a conductor having a thiolisicone crystal structure such as Li 4-x Ge 1-x P x S 4
- a conductor having a perovskite crystal structure such as La 2/3-x Li 3x TiO 3
- a conductor having a perovskite crystal structure such as LiTi 2
- Examples include conductors having a NASICON type crystal structure such as (PO 4 ) 3 and the like.
- lithium titanate such as Li y Ti 3-y O 4 (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3) and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO), metals belonging to Group 5 of the periodic table such as LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 Lithium metal oxides, as well as Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 series, Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 -ZnO series, Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -TiO Examples include oxide-based conductors such as 2 -based conductors.
- an electrode active material having a coating layer for example, a solution containing various elements constituting the material forming the coating layer is deposited on the surface of the electrode active material, and the electrode active material after deposition is preferably heated at a temperature of 200°C or higher and 400°C or lower. It can be obtained by firing at
- the solution containing various elements a solution containing alkoxides of various metals such as lithium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide, niobium isopropoxide, and tantalum isopropoxide may be used.
- the solvent may be an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol or butanol, an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane, heptane, or octane; or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as benzene, toluene, or xylene.
- the above-mentioned attachment may be performed by dipping, spray coating, or the like.
- the firing temperature is preferably 200°C or more and 400°C or less, more preferably 250°C or more and 390°C or less, and the firing time is usually about 1 minute to 10 hours. and preferably 10 minutes to 4 hours.
- the coverage rate of the coating layer is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and even more preferably 100% based on the surface area of the electrode active material, that is, the entire surface is preferably covered.
- the thickness of the coating layer is preferably 1 nm or more, more preferably 2 nm or more, and the upper limit is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 25 nm or less.
- the thickness of the coating layer can be measured by cross-sectional observation using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the coverage rate can be calculated from the thickness of the coating layer, elemental analysis value, and BET surface area.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the above battery preferably uses a current collector in addition to the positive electrode layer, electrolyte layer, and negative electrode layer, and a known current collector can be used.
- a layer can be used in which a material such as Au, Pt, Al, Ti, or Cu, which reacts with the above-mentioned glass solid electrolyte, is coated with Au or the like.
- the evaluation method for the glass solid electrolyte produced in each example is as follows.
- XRD Powder X-ray diffraction
- the glass solid electrolyte powder produced in each example was cut into a groove with a diameter of 20 mm and a depth of 0.2 mm and filled with glass.
- the filled sample was measured using a Kapton film for XRD without exposing it to air.
- the 2 ⁇ position of the diffraction peak was determined by Le Bail analysis using the XRD analysis program RIETAN-FP.
- Powder X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out under the following conditions.
- the half-width parameter E was determined so as to be the minimum value.
- the ratio of the Lorentz function is A (0 ⁇ A ⁇ 1), the intensity correction value is B, the 2 ⁇ angle at which the intensity is maximum is C, the intensity angle (2 ⁇ ) to be calculated is D, the half-width parameter is E, the background is F, the actual measured value of the intensity at the angle (2 ⁇ ) of the intensity to be calculated is G, and the variables are A, B, C, E, and F, and for each angle (2 ⁇ ) at which the intensity is measured, use the following formula (3).
- the capacity and weight of the blank cell were measured three times using the above method, and the average value was defined as the empty cell volume V 1 and the weight was defined as the empty cell weight W 1 .
- the capacity of the gas phase part of the cell and the total weight of the cell are measured three times using the above method, and the average value is taken as the capacity V2 excluding the sample, and the total weight of the cell is It was set as W 2 .
- the true density d (g/cm 3 ) of the glass solid electrolyte was calculated using the following equation (7).
- the true density of the sample was the average value of the true densities d calculated three times using the above procedure and the above formula.
- the standard deviation of true density calculated by this method is 0.05 g/cm 3 or less.
- FIG. 10 A schematic diagram of the pellet density measuring device is shown in FIG.
- the sample 10 was filled into a cylindrical jig 11 (manufactured by Macor (registered trademark)), and pressurized at 400 MPa using a uniaxial press machine via a stainless steel piston 12.
- the pellet By measuring the height of the sample (pellet) from the difference between the length of the device when it is not filled with a sample (blank) L int and the length of the device containing the sample after pressurization L after , the pellet The density d pellet was calculated.
- the piston 12 was inserted into the cylindrical jig 11 with a diameter of 10 mm (cross-sectional area S pellet : 0.785 cm 2 ) before the sample was introduced.
- the cylindrical jig 11 was rotated every 90 degrees in a direction perpendicular to the pressurizing direction, and measurements were taken four times, and the average value was taken as L int (cm). At that time, the measurement was performed while pressurizing the piston 12 by tightening the screw 13 and nut 14 to 8 N ⁇ m using a torque wrench. Next, 0.3 g of glass solid electrolyte powder as a sample was weighed using an electronic balance and placed in the cylindrical jig 11. After charging, the sample was pressure-molded by pressurizing the piston 12 using a single-axis press machine. The pressure was maintained at 185 MPa for 2 minutes, and then the pressure was released. The cell was rotated 120° perpendicularly from the pressing direction and pressed in the same manner.
- Ionic conductivity A circular pellet with a diameter of 10 mm (cross-sectional area S: 0.785 cm 2 ) and a height (L) of 0.1 to 0.3 cm was formed from the glass solid electrolyte produced in each example and used as a sample. did. Electrode terminals were taken from the top and bottom of the sample, and measurements were taken at 25° C. by the AC impedance method (frequency range: 5 MHz to 0.5 Hz, amplitude: 10 mV) to obtain a Cole-Cole plot.
- Example 1 [Preparation of glass solid electrolyte] (1) Preparation of glass solid electrolyte 2.366 g of lithium sulfide, 3.815 g of diphosphorus pentasulfide, 3.446 g of lithium iodide, and 0.373 g of lithium bromide were weighed, and zirconia with a diameter of 10 mm was weighed. 600 g of the balls were placed in a 500 mL zirconia pot and sealed. Table 1 shows the molar ratios of starting materials. A glass solid electrolyte was obtained by grinding (mechanical milling) at room temperature for 40 hours at a rotation speed of 220 rpm using a planetary ball mill (manufactured by Fritsch, model number P-5). Table 1 shows the raw material composition ratio, the molar ratio of each element to phosphorus (P), and the evaluation results.
- Example 2 to 19 Comparative Examples 1 to 10
- a glass solid electrolyte was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the raw material composition ratio was changed as shown in Table 1.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 the amount of Li 3 PS 4 was 100 mol parts, which corresponds to 150 mol parts of Li 2 S 4 and 50 mol parts of P 2 S 5 as starting materials.
- Table 7 the molar ratio (X/P) of each element to phosphorus (P) in the glass solid electrolyte was measured by ICP. The results are shown below.
- FIG. 2 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 1 to 4.
- FIG. 3 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 5 to 8.
- FIG. 4 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 9 to 13.
- FIG. 5 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 14 and 15.
- FIG. 6 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 16 to 18.
- FIG. 7 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the glass solid electrolyte produced in Example 19.
- FIG. 8 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Comparative Examples 1 to 8.
- FIG. 1 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the glass solid electrolytes produced in Examples 1 to 4.
- FIG. 3 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the glass solid electrolytes
- the glass solid electrolyte of the present invention is suitable as a structural material for lithium ion batteries. Furthermore, the lithium ion battery of the present invention is suitably used in, for example, batteries used in information-related equipment and communication equipment such as personal computers, video cameras, and mobile phones, and vehicles such as electric cars.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、Li3PS4ガラスはイオン伝導度が1mS/cm未満と低かった。
1.リチウム、リン、硫黄及び、少なくとも臭素を含むハロゲンを構成元素として含み、
前記リン(P)に対する前記リチウム(Li)のモル比(Li/P)が、2.0~5.3であり、
前記リン(P)に対する前記硫黄(S)のモル比(S/P)が、2.0~4.5であり、
前記リン(P)に対する前記ハロゲン(X)のモル比(X/P)が、0.7~2.3であり、
CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折において、臭化リチウムに由来するピークを示す、ガラス固体電解質。
2.前記臭化リチウムに由来するピークのうち、強度が最大であるピークのピーク半値幅から算出した結晶子サイズが、3~60nmである、1に記載のガラス固体電解質。
3.前記ハロゲンがヨウ素を含み、
CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折において、ヨウ化リチウムに由来するピークを示す、1又は2に記載のガラス固体電解質。
4.前記ヨウ化リチウムに由来するピークのうち、強度が最大であるピークのピーク半値幅から算出した結晶子サイズが、3~60nmである、3に記載のガラス固体電解質。
5.400MPa圧粉体の相対密度が90%以上である、1~4のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
6.真密度が2.0~3.0g/cm3である、1~5のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
7.前記モル比(X/P)が0.75超である、1~6のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
8.前記モル比(X/P)が0.86超である、1~6のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
9.前記ハロゲンがヨウ素を含み、
前記リン(P)に対する前記ヨウ素(I)のモル比(I/P)が2.0以下であり、
前記リン(P)に対する前記臭素(Br)のモル比(Br/P)が、0.01~1.5である、1~8のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
10.イオン伝導度が1mS/cm以上である、1~9のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
11.1~10のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質を含む、リチウムイオン電池。
12.リチウム、リン、硫黄及び、少なくとも臭素を含むハロゲンを構成元素として含む2種以上の化合物又は単体を組み合わせて、
前記リン(P)に対する前記リチウム(Li)のモル比(Li/P)を2.0~5.3、前記リン(P)に対する前記硫黄(S)のモル比(S/P)を2.0~4.5、前記リン(P)に対する前記ハロゲン(X)のモル比(X/P)を0.7~2.3に調製した混合物をガラス化する、ガラス固体電解質の製造方法。
Li/P=2.0~5.3
S/P=2.0~4.5
X/P=0.7~2.3
本実施形態のガラス固体電解質は、従来のガラス固体電解質と比べて、ハロゲンの含有率が高い。これにより、従来のガラス固体電解質と同等以上に充填率が高く、かつ、高いイオン伝導度を有するガラス固体電解質が得られる。例えば、充填率の指標となる、400MPa圧粉体の相対密度が90%以上であるガラス固体電解質が得られる。
また、リン(P)に対する硫黄(S)のモル比(S/P)は、好ましくは3.0~4.4であり、より好ましくは3.5~4.3であり、3.8~4.2、さらに3.9~4.1としてもよい。リンに対する硫黄のモル比を上記範囲に調整することで、低露点環境下での硫化水素の発生量を低減する効果がある。
また、リン(P)に対するハロゲン(X)のモル比(X/P)が、好ましくは0.75~2.5であり、より好ましくは0.80~2.3であり、0.85~2.0、0.90~1.8、さらに0.95~1.5としてもよい。
また、リン(P)に対する臭素(Br)のモル比(Br/P)が、好ましくは0.05~2.0であり、より好ましくは0.1~1.5であり、0.2~1.4、0.3~1.3、さらに0.5~1.0としてもよい。
ガラス固体電解質の構成元素のモル比は、原料配合を制御することにより調整できる。なお、原料における構成元素のモル比と、得られるガラス固体電解質の構成元素のモル比はほぼ等しい。
Li/P=(3±α)+X/P (1)
(式中、αは0~0.5である。)
式(1)のαは、0~0.3であってもよく、0~0.1であってもよく、0であってもよい。
ガラス固体電解質の真密度は、2.05~2.9g/cm3であることがより好ましく、2.1~2.8g/cm3であることが特に好ましい。
ガラス固体電解質の真密度は、例えば、Heガスを用いた気相置換法で測定できる。ガラス固体電解質の真密度の測定方法の詳細は実施例に示す。
ハロゲン化リチウムに由来するピークのうち、強度が最大であるピーク位置は、例えば、2θが25~30°(deg)である範囲に観測される。
一実施形態において、ハロゲン化リチウムはヨウ化リチウムである。
一般に、粉末X線回折測定の回折ピークには幅があり、バックグランドを引いたピーク高さの半分の高さのピークの幅を半値幅という。半値幅と結晶子サイズとは相関があることが知られている。結晶子サイズが大きいと結晶性は高くなり、結晶構造の繰り返し規則性が高くなるため、粉末X線回折測定の回折ピークの半値幅が狭くなる。
固体電解質がガラス状態の場合は、半値幅は極めて大きくなり、回折ピークはブロード化する。
ピーク半値幅の算出対象は、例えばLiBrの場合には2θ=28±1°の回折ピークとし、LiIの場合には2θ=25.5±1°の回折ピークとする。
具体的に、充填率の指標となる、400MPa圧粉体の相対密度を90%以上にすることができる。該相対密度は90.5%以上とすることも可能であり、91%以上とすることも可能である。なお、相対密度の上限は特に限定しないが、通常、99%以下である。
400MPa圧粉体の相対密度の測定方法の詳細については、実施例で記載する。
式中、Mは、ナトリウム(Na)、リチウム(Li)、ホウ素(B)、アルミニウム(Al)、ケイ素(Si)、リン(P)、硫黄(S)、ゲルマニウム(Ge)、ヒ素(As)、セレン(Se)、スズ(Sn)、アンチモン(Sb)、テルル(Te)、鉛(Pb)、ビスマス(Bi)、又はこれらの元素に酸素元素、硫黄元素が結合したものを示し、リチウム(Li)又はリン(P)が好ましく、リチウム(Li)がより好ましい。
粉砕メディアであるボールは、例えば、ジルコニア製ボールを使用した場合、その直径は0.2~20mmが好ましい。
例えば、正極層及び負極層に用いる場合には、本発明のガラス固体電解質に、正極活物質又は負極活物質を混合分散させて正極合材、又は負極合材が得られる。
正極活物質としては、負極活物質との関係で、本実施形態においてイオン伝導度を発現させる元素として好ましく採用されるリチウム元素に起因するリチウムイオンの移動を伴う電池化学反応を促進させ得るものであれば特に制限なく用いることができる。このようなリチウムイオンの挿入脱離が可能な正極活物質としては、酸化物系正極活物質、硫化物系正極活物質等が挙げられる。
また、上記正極活物質の他、セレン化ニオブ(NbSe3)等も使用可能である。
本実施形態において、正極活物質は、一種単独で、又は複数種を組み合わせて用いることが可能である。
被覆層を形成する材料としては、本実施形態で用いられる結晶性硫化物固体電解質においてイオン伝導度を発現する元素、好ましくはリチウム元素の窒化物、酸化物、又はこれらの複合物等のイオン伝導体が挙げられる。具体的には、窒化リチウム(Li3N)、Li4GeO4を主構造とする、例えばLi4-2xZnxGeO4等のリシコン型結晶構造を有する伝導体、Li3PO4型の骨格構造を有する例えばLi4-xGe1-xPxS4等のチオリシコン型結晶構造を有する伝導体、La2/3-xLi3xTiO3等のペロブスカイト型結晶構造を有する伝導体、LiTi2(PO4)3等のNASICON型結晶構造を有する伝導体等が挙げられる。
また、上記の付着は、浸漬、スプレーコーティング等により行えばよい。
(1)粉末X線回折(XRD)測定
各例で製造したガラス固体電解質の粉末を、直径20mm、深さ0.2mmの溝にガラスで摺り切って充填した。充填した試料を、XRD用カプトンフィルムで空気に触れさせずに測定した。回折ピークの2θ位置は、XRD解析プログラムRIETAN-FPを用いてLe Bail解析にて決定した。
粉末X線回折測定は下記の条件にて実施した。
使用装置:BRUKER社製「D2 PHASER」
管電圧:30kV
管電流:10mA
X線波長:Cu-Kα線(1.5418Å)
光学系:集中法
スリット構成:ソーラースリット4°、発散スリット1mm、Kβフィルター(Ni板)使用
検出器:半導体検出器
測定範囲:2θ=10-60°(deg)
ステップ幅、スキャンスピード:0.05°、0.05°/sec
測定結果より結晶構造の存在を確認するためのピーク位置の解析では、XRD解析プログラムRIETAN-FPを用い、11次のルジャンドル直交多項式にてベースラインを補正し、ピーク位置を求めた。
ピーク半値幅は、LiIの場合は2θ=25.5±1°のピークで計算し、LiBrの場合は2θ=28±1°のピークで計算した。
上述したピークが存在する範囲(2θ=24.5~26.5°又は2θ=27~29°)において、強度(XRDパターンの縦軸値)の実測値と、下記の計算値との差異が最小になるようにして半値幅パラメータEを決定した。
ローレンツ関数の割合をA(0≦A≦1)、強度補正値をB、強度が最大となる2θの角度をC、計算する強度の角度(2θ)をD、半値幅パラメータをE、バックグラウンドをF、計算する強度の角度(2θ)における強度の実測値をGとし、変数をA、B、C、E及びFとして、強度を測定した角度(2θ)毎に、下記式(3)により強度の測定値と計算値とのズレHを計算した。
H=G-{B×{A/(1+(D-C)2/E2)+(1-A)×exp(-1×(D-C)2/E2)}+F} (3)
求めた半値幅パラメータEを用いて、半値幅を以下の式(4)で計算した。
半値幅=E×2×(ln4)(1/2) (4)
ピーク強度がゼロと計算された場合は半値幅パラメータも算出が不可能であるため、この時はピークが存在せず、すなわち、LiI又はLiBrに由来するピークを示さず、結晶子が存在しないとみなすことができる。
上記手法で算出した半値幅をbとした。また装置由来の半値幅の広がりを補正するために、NIST標準Si(640d、結晶子サイズ525nm)で半値幅を補正した。補正した装置由来の半値幅をBcorrectとすると、結晶子サイズを算出する補正した半値幅βは以下の式(5)で表せる。
β=b―Bcorrect (5)
実際の結晶子サイズLは以下の式(6)で計算できる。
L=K×λ/(βcos(C/2)) (6)
ここで、定数Kは0.9とし、λは測定に使用したX線の波長を用いた。なお、Cは上記でピーク半値幅を計算したときの最大ピーク位置中心の2θである。
(真密度の測定)
真密度は、Heガスを用いた気相置換法(マイクロトラックベル社製:BELMAX)により測定した。Heガスの圧力を、55KPa、60KPa、65KPa、70KPa、75KPa、80KPa、85KPa、90KPa、95KPa、100KPa、105KPa及び110KPaとした際のセル内部の容積を計算し、平均値をセル内部容積とした。また、セル重量は電子天秤を用いて算出した。ブランクセルの容量、重量を上記の手法にて3回測定し、平均値を空セル容量V1とし、重量を空セル重量W1とした。ガラス固体電解質をセルに投入したときのセルの気相部分の容量、セル総重量を上記の手法にて3回測定し、平均値を、試料を除いた容量V2とし、セルの総重量をW2とした。
ガラス固体電解質の真密度d(g/cm3)は以下の式(7)で計算した。
d=(W2―W1)/(V1―V2) (7)
なお、試料の真密度は上記操作、上式から3回算出した真密度dの平均値とした。本手法で算出した、真密度の標準偏差は0.05g/cm3以下である。
ペレット密度の測定装置の概略図を図1に示す。
試料10を円筒状の治具11(マコール(登録商標)製)内に充填し、ステンレス製のピストン12を介して単軸プレス機にて400MPaで加圧した。試料を充填していない状態(ブランク)の装置の長さLintと、加圧後の試料を含む装置の長さLafterの差から、試料(ペレット)の高さを測定することにより、ペレット密度dpelletを算出した。
具体的に、試料投入前の直径10mm(断面積Spellet:0.785cm2)の円筒治具11に、ピストン12を挿入した。加圧方向に対し垂直方向に円筒治具11を90°毎に回転させ、4回測定し、その平均値をLint(cm)とした。その際、トルクレンチを用い、ねじ13とナット14を8N・mで締めることにより、ピストン12を加圧しながら測定した。
次に、試料であるガラス固体電解質の粉体0.3gを電子天秤で秤量し、円筒治具11に投入した。投入後、単軸プレス機にてピストン12を加圧することにより試料を加圧成形した。圧力を185MPaとし2分間維持した後、脱圧した。セルを加圧方向から垂直方向に120°回転させ、同様にプレスした。その後、再度120°回転させ同様にプレスした。次に、圧力を400MPaとして、185MPaの場合と同様に操作して試料を加圧した。
成形後、Lintと同様にして4回測定し、その平均値をLafter(cm)とした。ペレット密度dpelletは、以下の式(8)で算出した。
dpellet=0.3/{(Lafter-Lint)×Spellet} (8)
下記式(9)により計算した。
相対密度(%)=ペレット密度×100/真密度 (9)
各例で製造したガラス固体電解質から、直径10mm(断面積S:0.785cm2)、高さ(L)0.1~0.3cmの円形ペレットを成形して試料とした。その試料の上下から電極端子を取り、25℃において交流インピーダンス法により測定し(周波数範囲:5MHz~0.5Hz、振幅:10mV)、Cole-Coleプロットを得た。高周波側領域に観測される円弧の右端付近で、-Z’’(Ω)が最小となる点での実数部Z’(Ω)を電解質のバルク抵抗R(Ω)とし、以下式に従い、イオン伝導度σ(S/cm)を計算した。
R=ρ(L/S)
σ=1/ρ
各例で製造した固体電解質の粉末を秤量し、アルゴン雰囲気中で、バイアル瓶に採取した。バイアル瓶にKOHアルカリ水溶液を入れ、硫黄分の捕集に注意しながらサンプルを溶解し、適宜希釈、測定溶液とした。これを、パッシェンルンゲ型ICP-OES装置(SPECTRO社製SPECTRO ARCOS)にて測定し、組成を決定した。
検量線溶液は、Li、P、SはICP測定用1000mg/L標準溶液を、Cl、Brはイオンクロマトグラフ用1000mg/L標準溶液を用いて調製した。
各試料で2つの測定溶液を調整し、各測定溶液で5回の測定を行い、平均値を算出した。その2つの測定溶液の測定値の平均で組成を決定した。
[ガラス固体電解質の作製]
(1)ガラス固体電解質の作製
硫化リチウムを2.366g、五硫化二リンを3.815g、ヨウ化リチウムを3.446g、臭化リチウムを0.373gとなるように秤量し、直径10mmのジルコニア製ボール600gを、500mLのジルコニア製ポットに投入し密閉した。表1に出発原料のモル比を示す。
遊星型ボールミル装置(フリッチュ社製、型番P-5)を用いて、室温下、回転速度220rpmで40時間粉砕処理(メカニカルミリング)して、ガラス固体電解質を得た。
原料組成比、リン(P)に対する各元素のモル比、及び評価結果を表1に示す。
原料組成比を表1に示すように変更した他は、実施例1と同様にしてガラス固体電解質を作製した。評価結果を表1に示す。
なお、表1においてLi3PS4の物質量を100モル部としたが、これは出発原料であるLi2S4が150モル部及びP2S5が50モル部に相当する。
実施例7、14、16、比較例1及び7について、ICPにてガラス固体電解質のリン(P)に対する各元素のモル比(X/P)を測定した。結果を以下に示す。
実施例7:Li/P=4.4、S/P=3.9、Br/P=0.25、I/P=1.26
実施例14:Li/P=3.9、S/P=3.9、Br/P=0.53、I/P=0.52
実施例16:Li/P=4.0、S/P=4.0、Br/P=1.05
比較例1:Li/P=3.0、S/P=4.0
比較例7:Li/P=4.4、S/P=4.0、I/P=1.52
XRD測定結果から、実施例1~19で製造したガラス固体電解質が非晶質であること、原料のハロゲン化リチウムが一部結晶化した状態で存在することを確認した。
この明細書に記載の文献、及び本願のパリ条約による優先権の基礎となる出願の内容を全て援用する。
Claims (12)
- リチウム、リン、硫黄及び、少なくとも臭素を含むハロゲンを構成元素として含み、
前記リン(P)に対する前記リチウム(Li)のモル比(Li/P)が、2.0~5.3であり、
前記リン(P)に対する前記硫黄(S)のモル比(S/P)が、2.0~4.5であり、
前記リン(P)に対する前記ハロゲン(X)のモル比(X/P)が、0.7~2.3であり、
CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折において、臭化リチウムに由来するピークを示す、ガラス固体電解質。 - 前記臭化リチウムに由来するピークのうち、強度が最大であるピークのピーク半値幅から算出した結晶子サイズが、3~60nmである、請求項1に記載のガラス固体電解質。
- 前記ハロゲンがヨウ素を含み、
CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折において、ヨウ化リチウムに由来するピークを示す、請求項1又は2に記載のガラス固体電解質。 - 前記ヨウ化リチウムに由来するピークのうち、強度が最大であるピークのピーク半値幅から算出した結晶子サイズが、3~60nmである、請求項3に記載のガラス固体電解質。
- 400MPa圧粉体の相対密度が90%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
- 真密度が2.0~3.0g/cm3である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
- 前記モル比(X/P)が0.75超である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
- 前記モル比(X/P)が0.86超である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
- 前記ハロゲンがヨウ素を含み、
前記リン(P)に対する前記ヨウ素(I)のモル比(I/P)が2.0以下であり、
前記リン(P)に対する前記臭素(Br)のモル比(Br/P)が、0.01~1.5である、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。 - イオン伝導度が1mS/cm以上である、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のガラス固体電解質を含む、リチウムイオン電池。
- リチウム、リン、硫黄及び、少なくとも臭素を含むハロゲンを構成元素として含む2種以上の化合物又は単体を組み合わせて、
前記リン(P)に対する前記リチウム(Li)のモル比(Li/P)を2.0~5.3、前記リン(P)に対する前記硫黄(S)のモル比(S/P)を2.0~4.5、前記リン(P)に対する前記ハロゲン(X)のモル比(X/P)を0.7~2.3に調製した混合物をガラス化する、ガラス固体電解質の製造方法。
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| JP2017010936A (ja) * | 2015-06-17 | 2017-01-12 | 出光興産株式会社 | 固体電解質の製造方法 |
| JP2018045997A (ja) * | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-22 | 出光興産株式会社 | 硫化物固体電解質 |
| WO2018164224A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-13 | 出光興産株式会社 | 硫化物固体電解質粒子 |
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