[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2024028108A1 - Fantôme d'une partie de corps humain - Google Patents

Fantôme d'une partie de corps humain Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024028108A1
WO2024028108A1 PCT/EP2023/069954 EP2023069954W WO2024028108A1 WO 2024028108 A1 WO2024028108 A1 WO 2024028108A1 EP 2023069954 W EP2023069954 W EP 2023069954W WO 2024028108 A1 WO2024028108 A1 WO 2024028108A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spinal
spine
vertebral
profile
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2023/069954
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joerg Eschweiler
Hannah Lena SIEBERS
Marcus Stoffel
Viktoria Isabella Konstanze KIAULEHN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinisch Westlische Technische Hochschuke RWTH
Original Assignee
Rheinisch Westlische Technische Hochschuke RWTH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinisch Westlische Technische Hochschuke RWTH filed Critical Rheinisch Westlische Technische Hochschuke RWTH
Publication of WO2024028108A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024028108A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/286—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for scanning or photography techniques, e.g. X-rays, ultrasonics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • G09B23/32—Anatomical models with moving parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30—Anatomical models
    • G09B23/34—Anatomical models with removable parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a phantom of a human body part, in particular a human torso.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a phantom of a human body part, in particular a human torso.
  • the phantom can be used in particular to generate an image based on the surface measurement, for example a raster stereography image or a depth camera image, an X-ray image and/or a computer tomography image.
  • a well-known phantom for spinal analysis also called a simulation phantom or X-ray phantom
  • a simulation phantom or X-ray phantom is typically a lifelike replica of a human torso made of a base body in which simulated body parts (bones and/or organs) are embedded.
  • the simulated body parts can be made visible using an imaging method, in particular using x-rays.
  • Phantoms are primarily used in experimental dosimetry to determine radiation exposure. The most common uses of phantoms also include training purposes, such as training in the use of an X-ray machine and training in the evaluation of X-ray images. A phantom is also used to adjust an X-ray machine or to check the image quality of X-ray images generated. In particular, a phantom is used instead of a test subject used by the patient to avoid exposing them to unnecessary radiation.
  • the bone structure of currently used X-ray phantoms often consists of either a real human skeleton or a cast of a real human skeleton.
  • the base body and thus its external shape are usually created by casting the skeletal structure in a material that serves to simulate the radiological tissue properties.
  • known phantoms are typically manufactured for a specific pathology, with a focus on ensuring that the radiological tissue properties can be correctly represented in a radiological image. A separate complete phantom must then be created for each pathology. In addition, little emphasis is often placed on an anatomically correct surface structure of the skin, so that known phantoms are generally not suitable for spine and posture analysis from surface measurements, such as raster stereography.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing an improved or at least alternative phantom. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of specifying an improved or at least alternative method for producing a phantom of a human body part.
  • the phantom should preferably have a modular structure so that its components can be exchanged.
  • the phantom should preferably be able to be manufactured in such a way that it is adapted to a given spinal profile. It should preferably also be possible with the phantom to be able to represent a skin surface resulting from the specified spine profile in addition to a spine adapted to the specified spine profile.
  • the task is solved by a phantom with the features defined in claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the phantom can be found in the dependent claims.
  • a phantom of a human body part which has a number of spinal segments and a spinal frame.
  • a spinal segment of the number of spinal segments has a vertebral attachment element and a body part element arranged on the vertebral attachment element.
  • the spine frame is adapted to a predetermined spine profile of the human spine and has a number of spine segment holding structures, each of which is releasably connected to the vertebral fastening element of a spine segment of the number of spine segments.
  • the spinal segment holding structures of the spinal frame are arranged and designed in such a way that the body part elements of the spinal segments connected to the spinal segment holding structures are aligned in a manner adapted to the predetermined spinal profile.
  • the spine frame and the spine segments are separate elements that are in particular detachably connected to one another.
  • the spinal frame is used to attach and align the spinal segments.
  • the spine frame specifies the alignment of the spine segments to one another in order to set the predetermined spine profile in the phantom. This is made possible by the fact that the spine frame is adapted to a predetermined spine profile of the human spine and the spine segment holding structures are arranged in the spine frame in such a way that when the spine segments are connected to the spine frame, the spine segments and in particular their body part elements align themselves according to the predetermined spine profile . The spine segments and in particular their body part elements are then arranged according to the spine profile specified for the spine frame.
  • the spine profile specified for the spine frame is therefore transferred from the spine frame to the spine segments and their body part elements.
  • Any spine profile of a healthy (physiological) or diseased (pathological) spine can be specified for the spine frame, so that the spine segments are arranged according to a healthy spine or according to a spine with a specific clinical picture.
  • the spinal segments can also be removed from the spine frame and attached to another spine frame designed according to a different predetermined spine profile.
  • the Phantom is based on the fundamental insight that it is possible to provide a spinal frame that is adapted to a given spinal profile.
  • the spine frame has spine segment holding structures that are aligned to the predetermined spine profile and can thereby transfer the predetermined spine profile to the number of spine segments.
  • the body part element of a spinal segment is also aligned in accordance with the predetermined spinal profile at the respective position of the spinal segment holding structure used. If the number of spinal segments of the phantom are now connected to the spinal segment holding structures by means of their vertebral fastening elements, the spinal segments are each aligned according to the predetermined spinal profile.
  • the body part element can in particular have a vertebra replica of a vertebra of the human spine and/or a skin support structure that specifies a position of a skin surface, or can be designed as a vertebra replica and/or a skin support structure.
  • the phantom can be developed in such a way that the body part element has a vertebral replica of a vertebra of the human spine and/or a skin support structure that specifies a position of a skin surface, the vertebral replica and/or the skin support structure being connected to the vertebral fastening element of the spinal segment of the number of spinal segments are.
  • the body part elements of several spinal segments have a vertebra replica of a vertebra of the human spine and/or a skin support structure or are designed as a vertebra replica and/or a skin support structure, and the
  • the vertebral replicas of the spinal segments connected to the spinal frame reproduce at least a section of the human spine with the predetermined spinal profile
  • the skin support structures of the spinal segments connected to the spinal frame reproduce a position of a skin surface that is adapted to the specified spinal profile.
  • the vertebral replicas of the number of spinal segments recreate a section of the spinal column according to the predetermined spinal profile and/or the skin support structures recreate a layer of a skin surface according to the predetermined spinal profile.
  • the vertebral replicas also replicate the specified spinal profile, since their orientation and position are predetermined by the spinal segment holding structures and by the shape of the spinal frame.
  • the vertebral replicas represent a section of the simulated spine according to the spinal profile specified for the spinal frame. If the phantom has vertebral replicas, it is particularly suitable for radiological images.
  • the radiological images can in particular be based on a correct alignment of the bone structures according to a given spinal profile.
  • a spinal segment of the number of spinal segments of the phantom can have skin support structures.
  • the skin support structures replicate the position of a skin surface, which results from the given spinal profile.
  • the spine profile specified for the spine frame is transferred to the alignment of the skin support structures, so that the skin support structures also reproduce a position of a skin surface resulting from the specified spine profile.
  • the position of the skin support structures thus reflects a surface structure of the skin as it results from the given spinal profile.
  • a phantom is particularly suitable for creating a three-dimensional image of the back surface, which requires a correct reproduction of the surface structure of the skin depending on a specific spinal profile.
  • a three-dimensional recording of the back surface can be done, for example, using raster stereography.
  • a three-dimensional image of the back surface could be generated, for example, using depth sensors, for example using a depth camera.
  • the same phantom can be used for both radiological imaging and raster stereo imaging.
  • graphic recordings can be used.
  • the radiological image and the raster stereographic image can be compared with one another in a particularly meaningful way, especially if the position of the phantom is not changed between the radiological image and the raster stereographic image.
  • the radiological image and the raster stereographic image could also be created at the same time.
  • the vertebral fastening element can accordingly be used as a support structure for a vertebral replica and/or a skin support structure. At the same time, the vertebral fastening element serves to fasten the spinal segment to the spinal frame.
  • a spinal segment of the number of spinal segments can be a releasable composite of a vertebral fastening element, which can also be referred to as a connector or adapter, and a vertebral replica and/or a skin support structure.
  • a spinal segment preferably includes struts for holding the skin support structure, which are integrated into the vertebral fastening element.
  • a section of the human spine may include parts of the cervical spine, the thoracic spine, the lumbar spine and/or the sacral spine, or even a complete spine.
  • all vertebrae of the human spine could be replicated, with the exception of the first cervical vertebra, i.e. six cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, and five lumbar vertebrae.
  • a transition between vertebral groups e.g. a transition from the thoracic vertebrae to the lumbar vertebrae, could also be recreated, so that not all thoracic vertebrae and not all lumbar vertebrae would have to be recreated.
  • a body part that is modeled by the phantom can in particular include the torso with the spine and optionally the upper arm attachments and neck and head attachments and the pelvis.
  • a predetermined spine profile can be, for example, a physiological, i.e. healthy, spine profile, or a pathological spine profile, e.g. a scoliotic spine profile.
  • a vertebra replica is preferably a replica of a vertebra that has an integrated adapter for releasably connecting to the vertebra fastening element.
  • a replica can be an exact, lifelike or an approximately natural one. be a faithful replica or a functional replica.
  • a functional replica could be sufficient, for example, if it only concerns the position of the skin surface. The vertebrae could only be roughly approximated as long as they can be adjusted so that the skin can be reproduced exactly true to life or approximately true to life for the corresponding spinal profile.
  • the invention is based in particular on the knowledge that the radiological diagnosis and therapy of spinal deformities is carried out conventionally in two dimensions, on the basis of a frontal and a sagittal complete spine image.
  • the transverse plane is not captured in such a bi-planar X-ray image.
  • a major weakness of previous phantom studies is that the currently established phantoms do not offer an individually adjustable spinal profile. Instead, the well-known phantoms usually have a fixed spinal profile that can neither be predefined nor changed. With such phantoms, only radiological images with exactly one profile of the spine can be generated. A separate phantom would be necessary to display different pathologies. Conventional radiological phantoms are also designed to correctly represent tissue properties in a radiological image. The anatomically correct surface structure of the skin is of secondary importance, so that the known phantoms are usually only partially suitable for measuring methods such as raster stereography, in which the spine and posture analysis is based on the detection of the skin surface.
  • the invention includes the further finding that, as an alternative to measuring subjects, phantoms could be used to generate the data sets.
  • phantoms could be used to generate the data sets.
  • standardized radiological torso models are used, which usually have comparatively high acquisition costs and are only partially suitable for optimizing raster stereography.
  • the disadvantages described above can be at least partially overcome with the phantom described here.
  • the phantom allows a specific spinal deformation to be systematically created.
  • the fact that the spine frame is adapted to a given spinal profile makes it possible, on the one hand, to create a radiological image of a spinal model adapted to the given spine profile.
  • the spine frame adapted to the specified spine profile results in the representation of the surface profile as the position of the skin, so that the creation of raster stereographic images is also possible.
  • a combination of radiological images and raster stereographic images is also possible.
  • the phantom is also parameterized in the transversal plane and thus allows values for transversal parameters to be determined, for example, for vertebral rotation, which is generally not possible with conventional phantoms. Accordingly, the phantom is also suitable for optimizing the determination of vertebral rotations using X-ray images and/or methods based on surface measurement such as raster stereography.
  • Raster stereographic and radiological images can be created with the phantom at the same time, which makes them particularly comparable.
  • the specified and therefore known spine profile represents a previously unavailable reference parameter.
  • This reference parameter offers additional options, particularly when optimizing the transversal parameters.
  • the phantom makes it possible to systematically build a database that contains X-ray images and raster stereography images of one or different predetermined spinal profiles, optionally including an aligned pelvic element. Such a database could serve as a basis, for example, for the further optimization of raster stereography and evaluation of X-ray images.
  • the phantom In contrast to conventional phantoms, the phantom enables a specific spinal deformation to be systematically created, in particular with a pelvic alignment resulting from the deformation.
  • both radiological and raster stereographic images can be created with the phantom.
  • the spine profile and optionally the pelvic alignment can be defined before the images are taken. This favors comparison studies, for example between raster stereography images and X-ray images, since the phantom does not induce any posture-related differences in the comparison images.
  • the spinal segments are connected to the spinal frame in such a way that the vertebral replica of the respective vertebral segment is aligned in accordance with a lateral vertebral inclination, sagittal vertebral inclination, lateral lateral deviation, sagittal lateral deviation, vertebral rotation, and vertebral height resulting from the specified spinal profile.
  • a local vortex coordinate system can be defined for each vertebra simulation, in which the inclinations are specified.
  • a scoliosis can be simulated, which is characterized by a lateral deviation of the spine from the longitudinal axis with rotation of the vertebrae about the longitudinal axis and torsion of the vertebral bodies, sometimes accompanied by structural deformation of the vertebral bodies. It is also possible to recreate a physiological spine that does not have a spine typical of scoliosis. see deformation in the frontal plane. In the case of a physiological spinal profile, the vertebrae show neither lateral deviations nor lateral vertebral inclinations. The vertebral rotation is also zero.
  • the sagittal plane is characterized by the characteristic, physiological spinal curvatures.
  • the phantom can be further developed in such a way that the skin support structures are covered with a skin cover, so that the skin cover reproduces a position of the skin surface depending on the given spinal profile.
  • the phantom is then particularly suitable for use in methods based on surface measurement, such as raster stereography.
  • the skin cover can be used to recreate a surface profile of the back of a human body resulting from the given spine profile.
  • the skin cover allows landmarks to be recreated, particularly the vertebral prominens, the right lumbar pit, the left lumbar pit and the sacral point.
  • the reproduction of landmarks is particularly important for the generation of a raster stereographic image and a reconstruction of the spine based on it. Thanks to the skin support structures and the skin cover, the skin surface at the level of each vertebral replica can be approximated individually and according to the specified spinal profile.
  • a skin holding means is arranged on at least one skin support structure, which fixes the skin cover relative to the skin support structure.
  • the skin holding means can have barbs that are releasably connected to the skin cover.
  • the skin cover is at least partially formed from a natural or synthetic textile, for example from a T-shirt fabric.
  • the skin cover made of the textile and the barbs of the skin holding means can preferably be connected to one another using a Velcro fastener.
  • the skin cover can be attached to the skin support structures in particular tightly and without wrinkles, so that it is possible to reproduce the position of the skin particularly comparatively precisely and depending on the predetermined spinal profile.
  • the skin support structure of a spinal segment of the phantom may be connected to the vertebral attachment member of the spinal segment by a number of struts.
  • the vertebral attachment element serves as a support structure for the skin support structure, and holds the skin support structure by means of the struts.
  • the phantom can have a pelvic element connected to the spinal frame, which is designed to simulate a pelvis of the human body.
  • the pelvic element can be connected to the spinal frame by means of a pelvic adapter.
  • the pelvic element has a number of buttock shaping structures which are designed and arranged to prescribe a position of a buttock surface relative to the pelvic element.
  • the buttock surface can also be reproduced.
  • a separate pelvic coordinate system can be used to align the pelvis according to the specified spinal profile.
  • the basin element can provide additional landmarks and use them in a raster stereographic recording.
  • a correct reconstruction of the landmarks, which are recorded in a raster stereographic examination, is particularly important. These are, on the one hand, the left and right lumbar dimples and, on the other hand, the base of the anal groove (Latin rima ani).
  • the dimples serve as a landmark for the position of the posterior bony prominences (PSIS) of the pelvis in a simulation model.
  • PSIS posterior bony prominences
  • both the pelvic element and the spinal frame are oriented with respect to a common spatial coordinate system (RKS) and are therefore aligned in space and with each other.
  • the pelvic element is aligned using position-independent pelvic parameters (incidence angle) and position-dependent pelvic parameters (sagittal pelvic inclination, pelvic elevation, sagittal pelvic deviation, lateral pelvic deviation, transverse pelvic deviation and pelvic rotation).
  • the pelvic element thus simulates the pelvis relative to the section of the human spine formed by the number of spinal segments.
  • the incidence angle is defined as the angle between a straight line from the center of the acetabulum to the center of the S1 endplate and another straight line perpendicular to the S1 endplate.
  • the incidence angle is a morphological parameter and is constant regardless of the pelvic position in the adult pelvis. Since there is a geometric connection between the incidence angle and the position-dependent pelvic parameters, the incidence angle is still a decisive factor for the pelvic orientation.
  • the pelvic element is preferably designed so that it can be releasably attached to the spine frame with a pelvic fastening element, for example using adapters.
  • the pelvic attachment element can be a composite of one or more pelvic support structures by means of which the pelvic element can be attached and aligned to the spinal frame.
  • a separate basin coordinate system can be used to align according to the defined basin orientation.
  • the pelvic element can be aligned relative to the simulated section of the human spine using the spinal frame. The alignment corresponds in particular to the predefined pool parameters.
  • the phantom thus preferably enables an anatomically correct simulation of the spine and the skin surface according to a given spine profile and optionally a pelvis.
  • the definition of the spinal profile is preferably based on spinal parameters while the pelvic alignment is based on pelvic parameters.
  • the spinal and pelvic parameters can serve as input parameters for an adaptive computer model.
  • the specified spine and pelvis parameters can be incorporated into a computer-implemented spine-pelvis model.
  • the orientation of the vertebrae and pelvis in the spine-pelvis model therefore corresponds to the currently set spine and pelvis parameters, which define the specified spine profile and the specified pelvic alignment.
  • a model file for a computer-implemented spine frame model can be automatically generated and exported.
  • a physical spine frame can be additively manufactured.
  • the alignment of the vertebral and pelvic replicas and, relative to this, the alignment of the skin support structures in the physical phantom are preferably carried out using this spinal frame.
  • the phantom can be further developed in such a way that it has a right shoulder element and a left shoulder element, each of which simulates a shoulder blade and parts of the overlying muscles of the right or left shoulder area and preferably at least part of the respective upper arm muscles of the human body.
  • the muscle strands above it i.e. the supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, teres major muscle and teres minor muscle, can also be included.
  • the upper arm muscles can be approximated using the shape of the deltoid muscle. This makes the phantom even more lifelike and realistic.
  • the right and left shoulder elements can be connected to a spinal segment of the number of spinal segments by means of one or more releasable shoulder connecting means, for example a screw connection, and the position of the right and left shoulder elements can be adjustable relative to the spinal segment by means of the one or more releasable shoulder connecting means.
  • a fixation structure could be integrated in the sixth spinal segment of the thorax.
  • the shoulder can be fixed in its center using the shoulder connecting means.
  • These shoulder connecting means can be used to adjust the position of the right and left shoulder elements relative to the spinal segment.
  • the right and left shoulder elements can be connected to a spinal segment using a screw connection, for example.
  • An axis specified by the fixation structure can be constructed using the shoulder model and based on anthropometric measurement data.
  • the shoulder area is generally not needed for radiology.
  • the scapula including muscles, can be important for methods based on surface measurement, such as raster stereography, as indirect landmarks such as the armpit, scapula lines, shoulder points, etc. can be set, which may be needed to reconstruct the spine.
  • the bone structures have a higher material density than the skin support structures and/or buttock mold structures.
  • the different material densities can mean that the bone structures are essentially visible in a radiological image, while the spinal structure, for example, is not or only barely visible.
  • materials of different densities can be used for this purpose.
  • the same material with different filling density can be used.
  • the vertebra replica and the skin support structure of the spinal segment are made of the same material or of different materials and the vertebra replica has a higher material density than the skin support structure.
  • bone structures such as vertebral replicas could have a fill density of 100% and skin support structures could have a fill density of 15%. The different filling densities can do this lead to the fact that essentially the bone structures are visible in a radiological image.
  • a vertebra replica of a spinal segment of the number of spinal segments and the spinal frame are made of the same material or of different materials and the vertebra replica has a higher material density than the spinal frame.
  • the different material densities can be achieved particularly well using an additive manufacturing process. In this way, it could be achieved in a radiological image that the spinal structure is not or only barely visible.
  • the vertebral replicas, which represent bone tissue could be visible comparatively well in the radiological image. It can be advantageous if the material density of the vertebra replica is at least a factor of 2, in particular a factor between 2 and 8 or more, higher than the material density of the spinal frame or other structures of the phantom that do not represent bone tissue.
  • the invention also relates to a use of the phantom described above for generating an image based on the surface measurement, for example a raster stereography image or a depth camera image, and/or an X-ray image and/or a computed tomography image.
  • the previously described phantom can be used to simultaneously generate a raster stereographic image and an X-ray image. In this way, it can be avoided that the raster stereographic image and the radiological image are recorded under a changed posture.
  • the phantom enables systematic generation of predefined spinal profiles and pelvic alignments for both radiology and surface measurement-based procedures such as raster stereography.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a phantom of a human body part, the method comprising the steps:
  • a spine model of a human spine wherein the spine model has a number of spine segments, and a spine segment of the number of spine segments has a vertebral fastening element and a body part element arranged on the vertebral fastening element
  • a spinal frame model adapted to the spinal model comprising a number of spinal segment holding structures which are intended for releasable connection to a vertebral fastening element of a spinal segment
  • the method described above can be used to produce the phantom.
  • the body part element of a spinal segment has a vertebra replica of a vertebra of the human spine and/or a skin support structure that specifies a position of a skin surface
  • the alignment of the spinal segments of the spinal model according to the predetermined spinal profile comprises the further steps:
  • the spine model can be, for example, a computer-aided design (CAD) model of the human spine, wherein the spine consists of spine segments, each of which can have a vertebra replica, a vertebra fastening element and/or a skin support structure.
  • the spine represented by the spine model can be adapted to a predetermined spine profile by specifying a spine parameter such as a lateral vertebral inclination, a sagittal vertebral inclination, a lateral lateral deviation, a sagittal lateral deviation, a vertebral rotation, and/or a vertebral height. This makes it possible to determine whether the spine model should represent a physiological spine or a spine based on a clinical picture, e.g. a scoliotic spine.
  • the spine frame model is then adapted to the spine model, so that the spine frame model is designed to align a spine model according to the predetermined spine profile.
  • the spine frame model is deformed in such a way that the spine segment holding structures are aligned such that when they are connected to spine segments, the spine segments are aligned according to the predetermined spine profile.
  • a physical spine frame is then manufactured based on the spine frame model adapted to the specified spine profile and the spine segment support structures of the spine frame are connected to spine segments.
  • the spinal segments thereby reproduce a section of the human spine with the specified spinal profile.
  • the skin support structures specify a position of a skin surface relative to the vertebral replica of the respective spinal segment that is adapted to the given spinal profile.
  • the spinal profile and/or a pelvic position can be adjusted through a computer-implemented definition of spinal parameters and/or pelvic parameters. This makes it possible to determine whether the spine model should represent a physiological spine or a spine based on a clinical picture, e.g. a scoliotic spine.
  • the preferred spinal parameters chosen are the lateral and sagittal vertebral inclination, the vertebral rotation and the lateral and sagittal vertebral deviation as well as the vertical vertebral height.
  • the implementation can be carried out, for example, using a local vortex coordinate system.
  • the pelvic alignment is preferably carried out using a local pelvic coordinate system, by means of which the defined pelvic alignment is implemented in the physical phantom.
  • the incidence angle is preferably selected as the position-independent pelvic parameter and the sagittal pelvic inclination, the pelvic elevation, the lateral pelvic deviation, the sagittal pelvic deviation, the transverse pelvic deviation and the pelvic rotation are preferably selected as the position-dependent pelvic parameters.
  • the method may include computer-implemented provision of spinal segment manufacturing files.
  • the model files of the vertebral replicas as well as the model files of the vertebral attachments (if necessary with a skin support structure) are considered to be the spinal segment production file.
  • the spinal segment manufacturing files are used for the preferably additive manufacturing of the components of the spinal segment.
  • the method may include computer-implemented provision of pelvic segment manufacturing files.
  • Both the model file of the pelvis replica and the model files of the pelvic attachments, optionally with a buttock shape structure, are considered to be the pelvic segment production file.
  • the pelvic segment manufacturing files are used for the preferably additive manufacturing of the pelvic segment components.
  • the computer-implemented provision of a spine model can be done, for example, as a computer-aided design (CAD) model, where the spine consists of spine segments, each of which has a vertebra replica and a vertebra fastening element, optionally with a skin support structure.
  • CAD computer-aided design
  • a pelvic segment can be integrated into the spine model, which consists of a pelvic element and pelvic fastening elements, optionally with a buttock shape structure.
  • the number Spinal segments and the pelvic segment of the spinal model can be connected to the spinal frame via the respective vertebral or pelvic fastening elements, whereby the defined position of the vertebral replicas and the pelvic replica can be ensured.
  • the number of spine segments preferably represents at least one section of the human spine.
  • at least one of the spinal segments has a skin support structure, which defines the position of the skin surface, for example, relative to the vertebral replica of the respective spinal segment according to the predetermined spinal profile.
  • the computer-implemented adjustment of the spine model is preferably carried out.
  • the selected values for the spine and pelvis parameters can be automatically adopted in the spine model and the corresponding alignment of the individual model components, e.g. the vertebral replicas and/or the skin support structures, can be adjusted to one another.
  • the computer-implemented adjustment of the spine frame model is then preferably carried out.
  • the spinal frame model is preferably shaped in such a way and the integrated spinal segment holding structures and pelvic adapters are pronounced in such a way that the vertebral replicas or the pelvic element are positioned with the predetermined spinal profile or pelvic alignment.
  • the model of this spinal frame can be saved in a computer-generated spinal frame manufacturing file and is used for the preferably additive manufacturing of a physical spinal frame.
  • the vertebral replicas, the vertebral fastening elements, the pelvic element and the pelvic fastening elements are manufactured once. Due to the modular design of the phantom, these components can be reused and aligned to the pathology-specific spine frame if the spinal profile or pelvic alignment changes.
  • the production of a number of vertebral replicas as well as the production of a number of vertebral fastening elements can be based on the respective spinal segment production file, preferably using additive manufacturing. treatment procedure takes place.
  • the production of the pelvic element and the production of a number of pelvic fastening elements based on the respective pelvic segment production file can also preferably be carried out using additive manufacturing processes.
  • the modular assembly of the spinal segments and optionally the pelvic element can be carried out on the spinal frame.
  • a number of spinal segments can be aligned and releasably connected via the spinal segment holding structures of the spinal frame.
  • the pelvic element can optionally be detachably connected to the spine frame.
  • skin support structures which specify the adapted position of a skin surface relative to the spinal frame
  • buttock shape structures can be used, which specify an adapted position of a buttock surface relative to the pelvic element.
  • the composite of spine frame, spine segments, optionally with skin support structures, and optionally a pelvic element, optionally with buttock molding structures, can thus represent at least a section of the human spine and optionally of the pelvis with a predetermined spine profile and optionally predetermined pelvic alignment.
  • the spinal segments can be connected to a variety of different spinal frames, each of which is adapted to a different predetermined spinal profile. It is therefore sufficient if the spinal segments are only produced once.
  • a spine frame can then be manufactured individually for each different predetermined spine profile.
  • the spinal segments can then be connected to a different spinal frame in order to replicate a specific one of the predetermined spinal profiles.
  • the phantom produced using this process has a modular structure, which allows material to be saved because only the spinal frames need to be manufactured several times. By repositioning the spine segments from one spine frame to another spine frame, it is also possible to change from one given spine profile to another in a relatively simple manner.
  • the phantom produced using this method can therefore be used in a variety of ways and, if the interchangeability of the spinal frames is taken into account, it is not limited to a specific spinal profile.
  • an additive manufacturing process can be particularly advantageous. driving can be used.
  • the manufacturing data of the spinal frame and, if desired, the data of the spinal segments and the pelvic element can be used as input data for a device for additive manufacturing, such as the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method.
  • FDM fused deposition modeling
  • a typical scoliotic spinal deformation could, for example, be translated into a correspondingly deformed physical spinal frame with comparatively high accuracy and comparatively low costs.
  • An additive manufacturing process is also particularly suitable because the individual components of the phantom can be manufactured with different densities, and in this way the radiological visibility of different structures can be simulated.
  • a filament made of polylactide (PLA), for example, can be used as a raw material for additive manufacturing. Production from metal or plaster (using 3D printing) would also be conceivable.
  • the visibility in an X-ray can also be determined by the filling density of the components.
  • the replicas of the vertebrae, the coccyx and the pelvic sockets can, for example, be printed with a fill density of 100%.
  • the additive manufacturing of the remaining components can be carried out with a filling density of, for example, 15%.
  • the method may include the step:
  • Fig. 2 a sequence of steps for producing a spinal frame for a phantom with a given spinal profile
  • Fig. 3 an example of a number of vertebral replicas and their alignment in a vertebral coordinate system
  • Fig. 4 an example of the orientation of a pool model in a pool
  • Fig. 5 an example of a model of a lumbar spine segment
  • Fig. 6 three pathology-specific spinal frame models as an example
  • Fig. 7 an overview of additively manufactured components of a phantom
  • FIG. 8 some examples of intermediate steps in assembling a phantom
  • Fig. 9 three different phantoms for different spine profiles
  • Fig. 10 several radiological images of the phantom B from Figure 9;
  • Fig. 12 a raster stereographic reconstruction of the skin surface and the spine of each measured spine profile of the phantoms A, B and C from Figure 11;
  • Figure 1 shows a graphical representation of computer models a) a spine-pelvis model 100, b) a spine frame model 102 and c) and d) a phantom model 104.
  • the spine-pelvis model 100 has vertebrae replicas 106 that replicate a human spine .
  • the spine-pelvis model 100 also has a pelvic element 108 that replicates a human pelvis.
  • the 3D digitization methodology can be used to generate realistic volume models of the vertebral replicas 106.
  • the spine-pelvis model could be created based on CT data. This would have the advantage that patient-specific adjustment of the vertebral replicas or pelvic replicas is possible.
  • the structure of the spine of the spine-pelvis model 100 is preferably carried out by orienting the individual vertebral replicas 106 to one another, preferably using local vertebral coordinate systems.
  • any vertebral replica can dung 106 can be individually aligned based on six vertebral parameters: lateral vertebral inclination, sagittal vertebral inclination, vertebral rotation, vertebral height, sagittal deviation of the vertebra from the line of gravity and lateral deviation of the vertebra from the line of gravity.
  • the spine-pelvis model 100 further has a pelvic element 108, which can be aligned based on the position-independent and position-dependent pelvic parameters: incidence angle, pelvic elevation, sagittal pelvic inclination, pelvic rotation, sagittal pelvic deviation, transverse pelvic deviation and lateral pelvic deviation.
  • the skeletal structure of the spine and pelvis is thus parameterized. It is therefore possible to adjust a wide range of spinal profiles with different pelvic alignments.
  • the parameterization of the skeletal structure also enables the set spine profile and the set pelvic alignment to be automatically adopted in the spine-pelvis model 100 and the phantom model 104.
  • the spine-pelvis model 100 is connected to the spine frame model 102 via vertebral fastening elements 110.
  • the connection is made via special spinal segment holding structures (see FIG. 2, reference numeral 206) of the spinal frame model 102.
  • the spinal frame model 102 and its spinal segment holding structures are adapted to the previously set spinal profile.
  • the skin surface is approximated at the level of each vertebra replica.
  • the phantom model 104 has skin support structures 112, which serve to attach a skin cover that simulates the skin surface relative to the vertebra replica.
  • the composite of vertebral replica 106, skin support structures 112 and vertebral fastening element 110 forms a spinal segment.
  • a spinal segment of the phantom could also have either a replica vertebra or a skin support structure. If a spinal segment of the phantom has a vertebral replica but no skin support structure, the phantom is particularly suitable for producing radiological images of the replica of the spine.
  • the phantom is particularly suitable for generating images based on surface measurements such as raster stereographic images of the phantom's back.
  • the pelvic element 108 and the buttock mold structures 116 form a composite called a pelvic segment in the area of the buttocks.
  • the skin surface is automatically adapted to a given spinal profile because there is a direct connection to the underlying parameterized skeletal structure.
  • the spinal profile can be changed by the orientation and position of each individual vertebra.
  • the pool alignment can be adjusted by varying the pool parameters.
  • the spine-pelvis model 100 and the phantom model 104 based on it can automatically adopt changes based on appropriate parameterization.
  • the spinal segments and the pelvic element are reusable due to the modular structure of the physical phantom. This enables comparatively cost-effective production while at the same time offering a high degree of variability in the spine profile and pelvic alignment.
  • the physical phantom thus has the same defined spine profile and pelvic alignment as the computer-generated spine-pelvis model 100 and the computer-generated phantom model 104 based on it.
  • the spine frame is manufactured using automatically generated manufacturing files based on the adapted spine frame model 102.
  • Spinal segment holding structures (see FIG. 2, reference numeral 206) are integrated into the spine frame, the orientation of which automatically adapts to the specified spine profile.
  • the alignment of all spinal segments is preferably carried out as plug connections between its vertebral fastening element and the corresponding spinal segment holding structure of the spinal frame 102.
  • the alignment of the pelvis and the buttock surface is preferably also realized via appropriately designed pelvic fastening elements.
  • the orientation of the shoulders 114 can be carried out manually, for example based on statistical information, preferably on the sixth spinal segment.
  • the components of the computer-generated spine-pelvis model 100 and the computer-generated phantom model 104 based on it are preferably to be manufactured additively. Additive manufacturing offers the possibility of adjusting the material density as a percentage and thus increasing the visibility of the components in an X-ray check.
  • a hook tape with barbs can preferably be glued to the skin support structures, so that an elastic skin cover made of material adheres to the skin support structures. Using the skin cover, the closed skin surface of the back can be simulated, for example for raster stereography recordings.
  • Figure 2 shows an example of a sequence of steps for the additive manufacturing of a spinal frame, which is adapted to the defined spinal profile and the defined pelvic alignment.
  • a spine-pelvis model 200 and a spine frame model 202 are provided.
  • the spinal and pelvic parameters 204 are then defined.
  • the parameterization (step S1) of the models enables the changed spine and pelvis parameters 204 to be automatically adopted into the spine-pelvis model 200 and the spine frame model 202 based on it.
  • the spinal segment holding structures are generated in the computer model by subtracting the parameterized vertebral fastening elements (see FIG. 1 , reference numeral 110) adapted to the spinal profile (step S2). In this way, the complementarity between the spinal support structures 206 and the vertebral attachment element is ensured. Due to the parameterization, the alignment of the vertebral fastening elements automatically adapts to the specified spinal profile. Preferably, by subtracting the vertebral fasteners from the spinal frame model 202, their alignment is automatically transferred to the spinal segment support structures 206. The shape of the spinal frame model 202 and the orientation of the spinal segment holding structures 206 thus determine the orientation of the spinal segments to be inserted. After parameterization, the adapted spine frame model 202 thus has spine segment holding structures 206, by means of which the vertebral replicas can be aligned in the spine profile to be generated.
  • the spinal frame model 202 serves to align the pelvis. This can be done, for example, using pelvic fastening elements, which can be fixed directly to the spine frame in the physical model using screw connections. In this way, the specified spinal profile with the specified pelvic alignment is transferred to the physical phantom.
  • the customized spinal frame model 202 may be exported as a manufacturing file (step S3) and provided as input data to an additive manufacturing device 208, such as a 3D printer.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of a lumbar vertebra replica 300 in different orientations. The location description is based on several local vortex coordinate systems.
  • the frontal plane is shown in the first column 302, the sagittal plane in the second column 304 and the transversal plane in the third column 306.
  • a basic orientation of the vortex replica 300 is shown in the first line 308.
  • the basic vertebral coordinate systems are based on anatomical landmarks of the vertebral simulation.
  • the origin of the WKS-B is in the center of the vertebra replica 300. Starting from the origin, the x-vector points posteriorly, the y-vector points to the left and the z-vector points cranially.
  • the sagittal lateral deviation, lateral lateral deviation and vertical vertebral height of the vertebral simulation can be parameterized in relation to a fixed spatial coordinate system (RKS).
  • the sagittal lateral deviation of each vertebra is determined by the distance from the YZ plane of the WKS-B to the YZ plane of the RKS.
  • the lateral lateral deviation of each vertebra is defined analogously as the distance from the XZ plane of the WKS-B to the XZ plane of the RKS.
  • the vertical vortex height can be adjusted via the vertical distance from the origin of the WKS-B to the XY plane of the RKS.
  • the lateral vertebral inclination in the vertebral coordinate system-inclination-lateral (WKS-NL) 310 describes the rotation around the x-axis of the WKS-B.
  • the sagittal vertebral inclination in the vertebral coordinate system-Inclination-Sagittal (WKS-NS) 312 describes the rotation about the y-axis of the WKS-B.
  • the vertebral rotation in the vertebral coordinate system rotation (WKS-R) 314 can be set as a rotation about the z-axis of the WKS-B.
  • FIG 4 shows an example of the orientation of a basin model 400 in a basin coordinate system.
  • the base basin coordinate system (BCS-B) is reconstructed via landmarks in the generated volume model.
  • a pelvic coordinate system is defined whose origin lies at the center of the cranial end plate of the sacrum.
  • the XY plane is parallel to the plane, which is spanned by two straight lines is: on the one hand by the straight line between the anterior bone projections (ASIS, Latin anterior superior iliac spine) and on the other hand by the straight line between the posterior bone projections (PSIS, Latin posterior superior iliac spine).
  • the z vector is perpendicular to the XY plane and points upwards from the origin.
  • the x vector points posteriorly from the origin.
  • the y-vector points perpendicular to the x-axis to the left from the origin.
  • the pelvic elevation is defined as rotation around the x-axis.
  • the pelvic tilt describes the rotation of the pelvis around the y-axis, the pelvic rotation describes the rotation around the z-axis.
  • the sagittal pelvic deviation describes the distance from the YZ plane of the BKS-B to the YZ plane of the RKS.
  • the lateral pelvic deviation is defined analogously as the distance from the XZ plane of the BKS-B to the XZ plane of the RKS.
  • the transverse pelvis deviation can be adjusted via the vertical distance from the origin of the UCS-B to the XY plane of the RKS.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a model of a lumbar spine segment 500 with an integrated skin support structure for creating a phantom for, for example, raster stereographic recordings.
  • the spinal segment 500 has a vertebral attachment element 502. This is detachably connected at one end to a vertebra replica 504 of a lumbar vertebra.
  • the vertebral fastening element 502 holds a skin support structure 508 via struts 506, which approximates a position of the skin surface individually for the vertebral replica 504.
  • the vertebral fastening element 502 can be connected to a spinal segment support structure of a spinal frame.
  • Figure 6 shows an example of three spinal frame models, with the Phantoms A 600 having a physiological spine profile, the Phantoms B 602 having a scoliotic spine profile without vertebral rotation and the Phantoms C 604 having a scoliotic spine profile with vertebral rotation.
  • FIG. 7 shows an overview of additively manufactured components of a phantom 700 with which both radiological images and images based on the optical measurement of the skin surface, for example raster stereographic images, can be generated.
  • the Phantom 700 has a spine frame 701 that is assembled from several individual parts.
  • the phantom 700 comprises spinal segments, on whose vertebral fastening elements the respective skin support structure and the respective vertebral replica, for example the cervical vertebrae (C2 to C7) 702, the thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12) 704, 706, and the lumbar vertebra (L1 to L5) 708 can be releasably connected.
  • the phantom 700 includes replicas of the left and right shoulder areas 710 and a replica of the pelvis 712. To replicate the buttock surface, the phantom 700 has buttock mold structures 714.
  • Figure 8 shows an example of some intermediate steps in the assembly of a phantom 800 with an exemplary scoliotic spine profile.
  • spinal segments are aligned one after the other on the spinal frame and fixed using screw connections (steps T1 and T2).
  • a pelvic fastening element is then fixed to the spinal frame. Additional cymbal fastening elements are attached to this (step T3).
  • Using the spine frame it is then possible to align and fix the pelvic element and its buttock structures (step T4).
  • the shoulders are fixed and aligned on the sixth thoracic spinal segment.
  • the Phantom 800 can then be hung in a frame structure (not shown) and aligned and fixed in the frontal plane.
  • the spinal segments are covered with the skin cover (step T5).
  • a hook band with barbs is glued to the spinal segments.
  • T-shirt fabric can be used as a skin cover for the skin surface as it is stretchy and adheres to the hook tape.
  • Figure 9 shows the phantom models A 900, B 902, C 904 in different views.
  • the phantoms A, B and C are in a view from posterior to anterior (PA view)
  • the phantoms A, B and C are in a view from anterior to posterior (AP view )
  • AP view anterior to posterior
  • phantoms A, B, and C are shown in a lateral view (lat view)
  • phantoms A, B, and C are shown in a skin-covered PA view.
  • Figure 10 shows several radiological images 1000, 1002, 1004, 1006 of the phantom B shown in Figure 9, i.e. of a phantom with a scoliotic spinal profile without vertebral rotation.
  • the skeletal structure consisting of the pelvis and vertebrae appears brighter in all X-ray images 1000, 1002, 1004, 1006 due to the higher material density.
  • the skin support structures are visible in X-ray images 1000, 1002, 1004, 1006, but have a lower brightness level.
  • the vortex The column frame and the shoulder area are also shown with a low brightness level in all images 1 OOO, 1002, 1004, 1006.
  • the skin covering is only shown very faintly in the X-ray images 1000, 1002, 1006.
  • the cranial and caudal vertebral endplates relevant to the evaluation of the spinal parameters, as well as the endplate of the sacrum, can therefore be seen in the X-ray images 1000, 1002, 1004, 1006. Furthermore, the acetabulum of both pelvic cups is shown in X-ray images 1000, 1002, 1004, 1006.
  • Figure 11 shows representations 1100, 1102, 1104 of curvature profiles of phantoms A, B and C recorded using raster stereography.
  • the spinal midline, the waist as well as the shoulder blades and the anal groove are recorded as concave (blue) areas.
  • the right convexity of the spine of phantoms B and C is also recognized (red).
  • Figure 12 shows raster stereographic reconstructions 1200, 1202, 1204 of the skin surface and spine of each measured spinal profile of phantoms A, B and C, which are based on the recorded curvature profiles ( Figure 11).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un fantôme d'une partie du corps humain. Le fantôme comprend un certain nombre de segments rachidiens qui comprennent chacun a) un élément de montage de vertèbre, et b) une réplique de vertèbre d'une vertèbre de la colonne vertébrale humaine et/ou d'une structure de support de peau. La réplique de vertèbre et/ou la structure de support de peau sont reliées à l'élément de montage de vertèbre du segment rachidien parmi le nombre de segments rachidiens. Le fantôme comprend en outre un berceau de colonne vertébrale qui correspond à un profil de colonne vertébrale prédéfini de la colonne vertébrale humaine et comprend un certain nombre de structures de retenue de segments rachidiens qui sont chacune reliées de manière amovible à l'élément de montage de colonne vertébrale d'un segment rachidien parmi le nombre de segments rachidiens. Les structures de retenue de segments rachidiens du berceau de colonne vertébrale sont agencées et conçues de telle sorte que les répliques de colonne vertébrale des segments rachidiens reliées au berceau de colonne vertébrale émulent au moins une section de la colonne vertébrale humaine avec le profil de colonne vertébrale prédéfini, et/ou les structures de support de peau des segments rachidiens reliées au berceau de colonne vertébrale émulent une position d'une surface de peau qui correspond au profil de colonne vertébrale prédéfini.
PCT/EP2023/069954 2022-08-02 2023-07-18 Fantôme d'une partie de corps humain Ceased WO2024028108A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022119328.4 2022-08-02
DE102022119328.4A DE102022119328A1 (de) 2022-08-02 2022-08-02 Phantom eines menschlichen Körperteils

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024028108A1 true WO2024028108A1 (fr) 2024-02-08

Family

ID=87429653

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2023/069954 Ceased WO2024028108A1 (fr) 2022-08-02 2023-07-18 Fantôme d'une partie de corps humain

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102022119328A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024028108A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69501082T2 (de) * 1994-05-09 1998-04-09 Lunar Corp Radiographisches phantom für morphometrie der wirbelsäule
US20130131486A1 (en) * 2010-02-26 2013-05-23 Spontech Spine Intelligence Group Ag Computer program for spine mobility simulation and spine simulation method
US20160189568A1 (en) * 2013-07-18 2016-06-30 Biotras Llc Spinal injection trainer and methods therefor
EP3936079A1 (fr) * 2020-07-10 2022-01-12 Spine Align, LLC Système et procédé d'évaluation d'alignement peropératoire

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH632351A5 (en) 1978-06-21 1982-09-30 Werner Vignola See-through anatomical model for first aid exercises

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69501082T2 (de) * 1994-05-09 1998-04-09 Lunar Corp Radiographisches phantom für morphometrie der wirbelsäule
US20130131486A1 (en) * 2010-02-26 2013-05-23 Spontech Spine Intelligence Group Ag Computer program for spine mobility simulation and spine simulation method
US20160189568A1 (en) * 2013-07-18 2016-06-30 Biotras Llc Spinal injection trainer and methods therefor
EP3936079A1 (fr) * 2020-07-10 2022-01-12 Spine Align, LLC Système et procédé d'évaluation d'alignement peropératoire

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
R. TINO ET AL.: "A Systematic Review on 3D-Printed Imaging and Dosimetry Phantoms in Radiation Therapy", TECHNOLOGY IN CANCER RESEARCH & TREATMENT, vol. 18, 2019, pages 1533033819870208

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102022119328A1 (de) 2024-02-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102007001684B4 (de) Bildregistrierung
EP1208410B1 (fr) Procede pour la generation d'implants specifiques aux patients
EP1890261B1 (fr) Recalage des données d'imagerie par résonance magnétique en utilisant des modèles génériques
DE10202515B4 (de) Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Computerprogrammprodukt zum Erstellen eines individuellen Modells eines Kieferknochens
EP3389496B1 (fr) Procédé pour calibrer un cliché radiographique
DE20220873U1 (de) System für einen virtuellen Artikulator
EP0731675A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication d'endoprotheses
DE10357203A1 (de) Verfahren und Steuereinrichtung zum Betrieb eines Magnetresonanztomographie-Geräts
DE10357206A1 (de) Verfahren und Bildbearbeitungssystem zur Segmentierung von Schnittbilddaten
WO2007112766A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'un implant plat preforme en correspondance a une forme anatomique de consigne pour le corps humain ou le corps d'un animal
WO2005033726A1 (fr) Determination d'informations, specifiques a un patient, concernant la position et l'orientation d'images d'irm, par individualisation d'un modele corporel
DE102013110699A1 (de) Verfahren zur Nachbildung von Knochen und Planung eines operativen Eingriffs
DE102015222821A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines dentaldiagnostischen Bilderzeugungssystems
EP1922013A1 (fr) Procede pour realiser des organes de guidage pour guider un instrument chirurgical, et organe de guidage realise grace a ce procede
EP1498851A1 (fr) Détermination d'une forme tridimensionnelle d'un corps, en particulier d'une structure anatomique, à partir d'images de projection bidimensionnelles
WO2024028108A1 (fr) Fantôme d'une partie de corps humain
DE102004020020B4 (de) Dreidimensionales Modell eines menschlichen Kinderschädels in Lebensgröße
DE102020121910A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Simulation, zum Trainieren, Unterrichten und/oder Evaluieren von Operationstechniken
DE102021201278B4 (de) Verfahren zum Entwerfen einer Kiefergelenksprothese und entsprechendes Herstellungsverfahren
DE102022100438B3 (de) Präoperative planung einer einbringung eines dentalen implantates
DE102008060504B4 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erfassung artikulierter Kiefermodelle mit einer 3D-Sensorik
DE102007042922A1 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen anatomischer Modelle in der Human- und Veterinärmedizin
DE10316558A1 (de) Verfahren zur Detektion von Lageänderungen eines Implantates sowie Röntgenanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP3808267A1 (fr) Procédé de détermination des éléments de symétrie anatomiques
DE202019002619U1 (de) Vorrichtung der medizinischen Bildgebung zur Darstellung eines 3D-Volumens mit wenigstens einen eingebrachten Fremdobjekt

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23744736

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 23744736

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1