WO2024019140A1 - 組成物 - Google Patents
組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024019140A1 WO2024019140A1 PCT/JP2023/026738 JP2023026738W WO2024019140A1 WO 2024019140 A1 WO2024019140 A1 WO 2024019140A1 JP 2023026738 W JP2023026738 W JP 2023026738W WO 2024019140 A1 WO2024019140 A1 WO 2024019140A1
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- acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F292/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition.
- silica particles have been usefully used because they can impart various properties such as scratch resistance to resin products.
- silica particles are used in a hard coat layer for improving the surface hardness and scratch resistance of resin base materials and the like.
- the hard coat layer can be formed by applying a composition containing silica to the monomer constituting the hard coat onto a resin base material and curing it, but the composition containing silica particles has an increased viscosity. It may be difficult to handle.
- Patent Document 1 it is essential to reduce the viscosity by adding a solvent to a composition containing silica particles and a monomer.
- the hard coat composition disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that productivity decreases because the solvent needs to be dried after being applied to the substrate.
- a hard coat composition that does not contain a solvent is desired.
- Patent Document 2 describes a silica particle-containing composition in which a viscous substance is mixed with silica particles whose 29 Si-solid NMR spectrum has a specific peak under solvent-free conditions, that is, silica particles with few residual silanol groups. things are disclosed.
- compositions to which silica particles are added may increase in viscosity and be difficult to handle, and Patent Document 2 suppresses the increase in viscosity by using silica particles with fewer residual silanol groups.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composition containing silica particles and a monomer, the viscosity of which is reduced by a different means from Patent Document 2.
- the viscosity of the composition can be significantly reduced by including a specific amount of ammonia, and have completed the present invention.
- the invention is as follows. [1] A composition comprising silica particles (a), an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b), and ammonia (c), A composition in which the amount of ammonia (c) in 100% by weight of the composition is 0.05 to 4.5% by weight. [2] The composition according to [1], wherein the composition does not contain a solvent or contains 3.0% by mass or less of a solvent based on 100% by mass of the composition.
- the silica particles (a) are selected from the group consisting of an aryl group, a (meth)acryloyl group, an alkyl group, a vinyl group, a styryl group, an epoxy group, a mercapto group, an amino group, an isocyanate group, and a halogenated alkyl group.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) is A monomer having a urethane bond or a monomer having a (1-hydroxy,2-oxy)ethylene structure (b-1), A monomer having neither a urethane bond nor a (1-hydroxy,2-oxy)ethylene structure, the number of ethylenically unsaturated groups in one monomer molecule is 3 or more, and the concentration of ethylenically unsaturated groups is 4.
- composition according to any one of [1] to [4], which is at least one selected from the following.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) is composed of at least one of monomer (b-1) and monomer (b-2), and monomer (b-3), or The composition according to [5], consisting only of (b-3). [7] The composition according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) has a viscosity of 2000 mPa ⁇ s or less at a temperature of 25°C.
- the viscosity of the silica particle-containing monomer composition can be reduced.
- composition of the present invention includes silica particles (a), an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b), and ammonia (c). Each will be explained below.
- silica particles are preferably nanometer-order particles, and the average primary particle diameter is, for example, 1 nm or more, preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, and, for example, 100 nm or less. It is preferably 90 nm or less, more preferably 70 nm or less (that is, 1 to 100 nm is preferable, 5 to 90 nm is more preferable, and even more preferably 10 to 70 nm).
- the average primary particle diameter as shown in the examples described below, the arithmetic mean value of the diameters of 50 arbitrary particles observed with an electron microscope can be used.
- the major axis may be measured as the diameter.
- the average sphericity ratio of silica particles is determined by observing the silica particles with an electron microscope, measuring the major axis and minor axis of each silica particle, and calculating the sphericity ratio (major axis/minor axis). It can be determined by averaging the measured sphericity ratios, and the value is preferably 1.2 to 1, more preferably 1.1 to 1, and even more preferably 1.05 to 1.
- the silica particles (a) may be surface-treated, and include aryl groups, (meth)acryloyl groups, alkyl groups, vinyl groups, styryl groups, epoxy groups, mercapto groups, amino groups, isocyanate groups, and halogenated alkyl groups. It is preferable that the surface be treated with a silane coupling agent containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of:
- the silica particles (a) surface-treated with such a silane coupling agent have the above-mentioned functional groups on the surface.
- the silica particles (a) are preferably surface-treated with a silane coupling agent containing at least a (meth)acryloyl group.
- the silane coupling agent is preferably a compound in which a hydrolyzable group (a group that can form a silanol group by hydrolysis) and a functional group are bonded to a central silicon atom, such as phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, Aryl alkoxysilane compounds such as diphenyldimethoxysilane and diphenyldiethoxysilane; 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxy (meth)acryloyl group-containing alkoxysilane compounds such as silane, 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane; methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxys
- the concentration of silica particles (a) in 100% by mass of the composition is preferably 10% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less (ie, 10 to 70% by mass).
- the silica particle concentration is more preferably 15% by mass or more, even more preferably 20% by mass or more, and more preferably 65% by mass or less, even more preferably 60% by mass or less (that is, 15 to 65% by mass is more preferred, 20% by mass or less is more preferable). ⁇ 60% by mass is more preferred).
- the concentration of the surface-treated silica particles is preferably within the above range.
- the concentration of the silica particles (a) in 100% by mass of the composition is preferably 20 to 70% by mass. , more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 70% by mass.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) is composed of at least one of (b-1) and (b-2) and (b-3), based on 100% by mass of the composition, The concentration of the silica particles (a) is preferably 20 to 60% by mass.
- Ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) As the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b), one type or two or more types can be used. Any crosslinking monomer having two or more in the molecule can be used.
- Monofunctional monomers include (meth)acrylic acid ester; vinyl monomers such as N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP); styrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, m-methyl Styrenic monomers (styrenes) such as styrene, p-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, p-chloromethylstyrene, p-hydroxystyrene; Carboxy group-containing monomers such as (meth)acrylic acid; 2- Hydroxyl group-containing monomers such as hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate (HEA), 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 3-phenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate; cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate ( CTFA), etc.
- VRP N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the above (meth)acrylic acid esters include, for example, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate (BA), isobutyl (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters such as (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylic acid cycloalkyl esters such as cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate (CHA); 2,4-dibromo-6-sec-butylphenyl (meth)acrylate, 2,4-dibromo-6-isopropylphenyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl (meth) (meth)acrylic acid aryl esters
- (meth)acrylic acid ester (meth)acrylic acid esters having an arylthiooxy group such as phenylthioethyl (meth)acrylate, 1-naphthylthioethyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-naphthylthioethyl (meth)acrylate;
- Alkylene glycol mono(meth)acrylates such as methoxypolyethylene glycol(meth)acrylate and phenoxypolyethylene glycol(meth)acrylate;
- Examples include (meth)acrylic acid esters having a glycidyl group such as glycidyl (meth)acrylate.
- Monofunctional monomers include (meth)acrylic acid ester, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate (CTFA), 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate (HEA), 3- Hydroxy-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 3-phenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, or styrenic monomers (styrenes) are preferred, particularly n-butyl (meth)acrylate (BA), cyclohexyl (Meth)acrylate (CHA) or N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) is preferred.
- crosslinkable monomers include tetramethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (EGDA), diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (DEGDA), triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (TEGDA), Tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (TeEGDA), polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (PEGDA), propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (DPGDA), tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate acrylate (TPGDA), polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (PPGDA), 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate (BDDA), polybutylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (PBGDA), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (meth)acrylate (HDDA) and other alkylene glycol poly(meth)acrylates; Neopen
- Polyfunctional (meth)acrylates such as poly(meth)acrylates; Polyfunctional styrenic monomers such as divinylbenzene (DVB); Allyl ester monomers such as 2-(allyloxymethyl)methyl acrylate, 2-(allyloxymethyl)cyclohexyl acrylate, 2-(allyloxymethyl)acrylate derivatives; Polyfunctional allyl ester monomers such as diallyl phthalate, diallyl isophthalate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate; 2-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate (VEEA); Urethane acrylate oligomers (for example, Shiko (registered trademark) series (manufactured by Nippon Gosei Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), CN series (manufactured by Sartomer), Unidic (registered trademark) series (manufactured by DIC Corporation), KAYARAD (registered trademark)
- EBECRYL series (manufactured by Daicel Allnex Corporation), NK Oligo series (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Neopol series (manufactured by Nihon U-Pica Co., Ltd.), epoxy ester series (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) Co., Ltd.));
- acrylic resin acrylate oligomers eg, HA series (manufactured by Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd.), EBECRYL series, and KRM series (all manufactured by Daicel Allnex Co., Ltd.)
- the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) is used to include the above-mentioned oligomers.
- crosslinkable monomers examples include 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate (BDDA), 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate (HDDA), ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (EGDA), and diethylene glycol.
- BDDA 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate
- HDDA 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate
- EGDA ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate
- diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate
- the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) can be classified into any of the following (b-1) to (b-3).
- Monomers classified as (b-1) or (b-2) are monomers with relatively high viscosity, and monomers classified as (b-3) are monomers with relatively low viscosity.
- monomers having urethane bonds include urethane acrylate oligomers as described above.
- the (1-hydroxy,2-oxy)ethylene structure is a structure formed by ring-opening polymerization of an epoxy group and a carboxyl group. Examples of monomers having such a structure include epoxy acrylate oligomers and acrylic resin acrylate oligomers.
- Monomer (b-2) is a monomer having neither a urethane bond nor a (1-hydroxy,2-oxy)ethylene structure, the number of ethylenically unsaturated groups is 3 or more in one monomer molecule, and The monomer has an ethylenically unsaturated group concentration of 4.8 mmol/g or more.
- one having the requirements of the monomer (b-2) can be selected from the above-mentioned crosslinkable monomers, such as trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate (TMPTA), ethoxylated (3) Trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol hexa (meth)acrylate (DPHA-EO), ditrimethylolpropane tetra(meth)acrylate (DTMPTEA), dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate (DPHA), pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate (PETTA), or ethoxylated pen
- TMPTA trimethyl
- Monomer (b-3) is a monomer that does not have a urethane bond or a (1-hydroxy,2-oxy)ethylene structure, and the number of ethylenically unsaturated groups in one molecule of the monomer is less than 3.
- the monomer satisfies at least one of the requirements that the concentration of sexually unsaturated groups is less than 4.8 mmol/g.
- one having the requirements of the monomer (b-3) can be selected from the above-mentioned monofunctional monomers and crosslinkable monomers, such as 2-(allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid.
- Examples include methyl (AOMA), 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate (BDDA), 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate (HDDA), or cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate (CTFA). Applicable.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) only monomer (b-1), only monomer (b-2), or only monomer (b-3) may be used, or (b-1), (although two or more of b-2) and (b-3) may be used, from the viewpoint of ease of coating the composition of the present invention on a substrate, the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) is It is preferable to be composed of at least one of monomer (b-1) and monomer (b-2) and monomer (b-3), or only monomer (b-3).
- the viscosity of the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) at a temperature of 25° C. is 2000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the viscosity within the above range is satisfied in a mixed state of the two or more types of monomers (b).
- the viscosity measurement of the monomer is carried out in two cases: (b-1) or (b-2), at least one of (b-1) and (b-2), and (b-3).
- the sample volume is 0.2 mL
- the rotor diameter is 1.9 cm
- the rotation speed is 20 rpm
- the range is "H".
- the sample amount is 1.1 mL
- the rotor diameter is 4.7 cm
- the rotation speed is If the viscosity is 5 rpm, and the range is "M" when the viscosity is ⁇ 100 mPa ⁇ s, "2.5M” when the viscosity is 100 to 200 mPa ⁇ s, and “5M” when the viscosity is 200 mPa ⁇ s or more, good.
- the viscosity of the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) at a temperature of 25° C. is preferably 1000 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 500 mPa ⁇ s or less, and the lower limit is not particularly limited, but for example, 0.5 mPa ⁇ s. It may be.
- the composition of the present invention contains 0.05 to 4.5% by mass of ammonia (c) based on 100% by mass of the composition. When the composition contains ammonia (c) within the above range, an increase in the viscosity of the composition can be suppressed.
- the content of ammonia (c) in 100% by mass of the composition is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.2% by mass or more. Further, it is preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 1.5% by mass or less. That is, the content of ammonia (c) in 100% by mass of the composition is preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5% by mass, and 0.2 to 1.5% by mass. is even more preferable. If the amount of ammonia is excessive, problems such as odor, yellowing of the cured composition, and deterioration of the appearance of the cured composition are likely to occur.
- the amount of ammonia (c) is 0.05% by mass or more based on 100% by mass of the composition, and 1% by mass or more.
- the content is preferably .5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less.
- ammonia (c ) The amount is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less based on 100% by mass of the composition.
- the amount of ammonia can be quantified by the calibration curve method (internal standard) using gas chromatography, as shown in the examples below.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator include photopolymerization initiators and thermal polymerization initiators, each of which may be used alone or in combination. Note that some photopolymerization initiators act as thermal polymerization initiators, and some thermal polymerization initiators act as photopolymerization initiators, so those that have both properties should be treated with light irradiation or heating. Accordingly, the active energy ray-curable resin composition can be cured.
- photopolymerization initiators are preferred because they do not impart thermal history to the formed film, the substrate to which the active energy ray-curable resin composition is applied, and the like.
- thermal polymerization initiator examples include 2,2'-azobis-(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis-(2,4'- oil-soluble initiators such as dimethylvaleronitrile), benzoyl peroxide, 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, Persulfates such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; water-soluble peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, and water-soluble azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, etc.
- these thermal polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- photopolymerization initiators include benzophenone, 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one, and oxyphenyl-acetic acid 2-[ 2-oxo-2-phenylacetoxyethoxy]-ethyl ester, oxyphenylacetic acid 2-[2-hydroxyethoxy]-ethyl ester, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phos Fin oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)2-hydroxy-2 -Methylpropan-1-one, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]2-morpholinopropan-1-one, 2-morpholinopropan-1-one, iodonium, sulfonium salt,
- the amount of the polymerization initiator is, for example, 1 part by mass or more and 25 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b).
- the composition of the present invention may contain a solvent in addition to the silica particles (a), the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b), ammonia (c), and the preferably used polymerization initiator. Since the composition of the invention can exhibit a viscosity-reducing effect with a predetermined amount of ammonia, it is preferable that the composition does not contain a solvent or contains only a small amount of solvent. Therefore, the composition of the present invention preferably does not contain a solvent, or if it does contain a solvent, it is preferably 3.0% by mass or less, and 2.0% by mass based on 100% by mass of the composition. It is more preferable that it is below.
- the amount of solvent contained is small because the load on the environment can be reduced. Furthermore, if the solvent is contained in excess of a certain amount, a drying process will be required, which will reduce productivity.In addition, if the drying process is omitted when the solvent is contained in more than a certain amount, the appearance of the cured product of the composition will deteriorate. There is a problem that the strength decreases. From this point of view as well, it is desirable that no solvent be included or that the amount of solvent be small.
- the amount of solvent can be quantified by a calibration curve method (internal standard) using gas chromatography, as shown in the Examples below.
- composition of the present invention may contain additives other than the silica particles (a), the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b), the ammonia (c) polymerization initiator, and the solvent,
- the content of other additives is preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, and still more preferably 1% by mass or less based on 100% by mass of the composition.
- Viscosity of Composition Since the composition of the present invention contains ammonia (c), an increase in viscosity is suppressed.
- the ratio of the viscosity of the composition to the viscosity of the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) (if two or more types are used, the viscosity of the mixture) is preferably 90 or less, more preferably 70 or less, and 60 or less. More preferably, the lower limit is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 3 or more, or 5 or more (that is, 90-3 is preferable, 70-5 is more preferable, and 60-5 is still more preferable). .
- the viscosity of the composition can be measured by using the above-mentioned measuring method suitable for the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) depending on the type of the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) contained in the composition. Just use it as is.
- the composition of the present invention can be prepared by a production method including a synthesis step (A) of silica particles (a) and a monomer substitution step (E).
- the manufacturing method may further include a surface treatment step (B) between the step (A) and the step (E), or before the monomer substitution step (E) (and the surface treatment step (B)).
- a surface treatment step (B) between the step (A) and the step (E), or before the monomer substitution step (E) (and the surface treatment step (B)).
- an ultrafiltration step (C) and an ion exchange step (D) may be included after step (B).
- Ammonia (c) contained in the composition of the present invention may be mixed at any stage.
- Synthesis step (A) of silica particles (a) In the synthesis step (A) of silica particles (a) (hereinafter also simply referred to as step (A)), silica particles are produced by hydrolyzing and condensing alkoxysilane in the presence of a basic catalyst and water.
- the alkoxysilane is a compound having an alkoxy group as a substituent on a silicon atom, and as a substituent on a silicon atom, in addition to the alkoxy group, an alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or an aromatic group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms can be used as a substituent for the silicon atom. It may have a group hydrocarbon group. Furthermore, the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a vinyl group, a glycidyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group, or the like.
- alkoxysilane examples include compounds in which an alkoxy group and an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group are bonded to a silicon atom, and mono- to tetrafunctional alkoxysilanes can be used, particularly tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, etc. Preferred are tetrafunctional alkoxysilanes.
- the concentration of alkoxysilane is, for example, 0.1 mmol/g or more and 3 mmol/g or less.
- the concentration of alkoxysilane in the reaction solution is within this range, the reaction rate can be easily controlled and the particle size can be made uniform.
- the concentration of water in the reaction solution is preferably 2 mmol/g to 25 mmol/g based on the amount at the time of preparation (before the start of hydrolysis/condensation), and the molar ratio of water to alkoxysilane ( water/alkoxysilane) is preferably 4 to 10.
- Examples of the basic catalyst include ammonias, amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, etc. Among them, ammonias, amines, etc. Preferably. From the viewpoint of both catalytic effect and ease of removal, ammonias are preferred, and ammonia is particularly preferred.
- the concentration of the basic catalyst in the reaction solution is preferably 0.8 mmol/g to 2 mmol/g. Further, the total mass ratio of the basic catalyst and the basic catalyst and water (basic catalyst/(basic catalyst + water)) is preferably 0.2 or more and 0.32 or less.
- a diluent When hydrolyzing and condensing alkoxysilane, a diluent may be further present.
- the diluent is preferably a water-soluble organic solvent, and the water-soluble organic solvent is preferably an alcohol solvent, such as monools such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, or pentyl alcohol. More preferred, particularly methanol.
- the diluent content in the reaction solution is preferably 40% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the diluent is 120 parts by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of alkoxysilane and water. However, since the amount of alcohol changes due to hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxysilane, the amount of the diluent is based on the amount at the time of preparation (before the start of hydrolysis and condensation).
- the reaction solution contains ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; esters such as ethyl acetate; paraffins such as isooctane and cyclohexane; ethers such as dioxane and diethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; etc.
- Hydrophobic organic solvents may also be included. When using these hydrophobic organic solvents, a surfactant may be added to improve dispersibility.
- the above components may be mixed in an appropriate order, but for example, after preparing a premixed solution in which components other than the alkoxysilane are mixed in advance, the alkoxysilane may be added to this premixed solution. Good too.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 20 to 70°C, and the duration of hydrolysis and condensation is preferably 30 minutes to 100 hours.
- step (B) The preferred manufacturing method of the present invention preferably includes a surface treatment step (B) (hereinafter also simply referred to as step (B)).
- step (B) it is preferable to mix the above-mentioned silane coupling agent and the reaction solution obtained after hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxysilane obtained in step (A).
- step (B) it is preferable to add a silane coupling agent to the reaction solution after hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxysilane obtained in step (A). It is preferable to add it.
- the silane coupling agent is preferably used in an amount of about 1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 7 to 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the alkoxysilane used in step (A). After mixing the entire amount of the silane coupling agent and the reaction solution of step (A), it is preferable to stir the mixture for about 10 to 30 hours, for example. Preferably, step (B) is carried out at a temperature of 30 to 60°C.
- step (C) After step (A) or after step (B), it is preferable to perform an ultrafiltration step (C) (hereinafter also simply referred to as step (C)) of filtering with an ultrafiltration membrane.
- step (C) water, basic catalyst, diluent added as necessary, ketones, etc. contained in the reaction solution after hydrolysis/condensation are removed, and the step (C) is performed.
- the excess surface treatment agent that could not cover the silica particle surface in B) can be removed.
- a dispersion medium such as an alcoholic solvent different from the dispersion medium (reaction solvent) of the reaction liquid may be added while filtering through an ultrafiltration membrane.
- solvent substitution it is preferable to concentrate the silica particles (or surface-treated silica particles if surface-treated) to a concentration of about 5 to 20% by mass to form a silica particle dispersion.
- step (D) Ion exchange process
- step (D) Ion exchange step
- cation exchange resins Conventionally known cation exchange resins can be used, and either a weakly acidic cation exchange resin or a strongly acidic cation exchange resin may be used.
- Examples of weakly acidic cation exchange resins include Amberlite IRC-76 (manufactured by Organo Corporation), Diaion WK10, WK20 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and Revachit CNP80 (manufactured by Bayer Corporation).
- Examples of strong acidic cation exchange resins include Amberlyst 16, Amberlyte IR-120B (manufactured by Organo Corporation), Diaion PK-208, PK-228, PK-216, (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), Examples include Duolite C-26, Duolite ES-26 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), and MSC-1, 88 (manufactured by Dow Corporation).
- step (E) In the monomer substitution step (E) (hereinafter also simply referred to as step (E)), the silica particle dispersion obtained in any of steps (A) to (D) and the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b) and the dispersion medium contained in any one of steps (A) to (D) is distilled off.
- the dispersion medium may be removed by solid-liquid separation means such as centrifugation or distillation under reduced pressure, thereby removing the dispersion medium contained in any of steps (A) to (D). , is replaced by the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (b).
- the conditions for distilling off the dispersion medium in step (E) are not particularly limited, but for example, the temperature may be 20 to 60°C, the pressure may be 1 to 400 hPa, and the time may be 1 to 60 hours.
- ammonia (c) contained in the composition of the present invention may be ammonia used as a base catalyst in step (A), or may be ammonia used as a base catalyst in step (B) to step (E). It may also be by mixing.
- the amount of ammonia (c) depends on the amount of ammonia mixed in any of steps (A) to (E), the pH before monomer mixing in step (E), the implementation conditions of step (E), etc. Can be adjusted.
- the pH before monomer mixing in step (E) is preferably 5.5 to 11.5.
- composition of the present invention can suppress an increase in viscosity, it can be used in adhesive materials, dental materials, optical members, coating materials (for hard coats, anti-glare), nanocomposite materials, abrasives, nanoimprints, ink jets, etc. It is useful as a coating composition for forming precise microstructures such as resists.
- Measurement method Calibration curve method (internal standard) Column length: 30m Column inner diameter: 0.45mm Capillary inner membrane thickness: 0.85 ⁇ m Carrier gas: Helium Column temperature: Hold at 40°C for 2 minutes, raise the temperature to 180°C at 10°C/min, raise the temperature to 230°C at 50°C/min, hold at 230°C for 10 minutes Inlet temperature: 230°C Detector temperature: BID (230°C) Detection substance and time example: ammonia (0.4 min), anisole (6.6 min)
- Example 1 Step 1A Particle synthesis step 16,500 g of methanol, 4,200 g of water, and 2,000 g of 25% aqueous ammonia were placed in a 50 L SUS container equipped with a stirrer, a dropping port, and a thermometer, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform mixed solution.
- the temperature of the above mixed solution was adjusted to 49 to 51° C., and while stirring, 5700 g of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) was added dropwise from the dropping port over 90 minutes. After the dropwise addition was completed, stirring was continued for 30 minutes while maintaining the above liquid temperature to obtain an alcoholic solution suspension of silica particles (suspension 1A).
- TMOS tetramethyl orthosilicate
- Step 1B Surface treatment step The temperature of the suspension 1A obtained in the previous step was raised to 50° C. while stirring again, and while maintaining the liquid temperature and stirring, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., 660 g of KBM-503) was added dropwise from the dropping port over 120 minutes. After the dropwise addition was completed, stirring was continued for 15 hours while maintaining the above liquid temperature to obtain an alcoholic solution suspension (suspension 1B) of silica particles having methacrylic groups on the particle surface.
- 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., 660 g of KBM-503
- Step 1C Ultrafiltration step The suspension 1B obtained in the above step B is filtered with methanol at room temperature using a commercially available ultrafiltration membrane equipped with a ceramic tubular ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of about 10,000. By replacing the solvent with appropriate addition and concentrating until the SiO 2 concentration was about 11%, a methanol suspension (suspension 1C) of silica particles having a pH of 9.3 and a methacrylic group on the particle surface was obtained. .
- Step 1D Ion exchange process Suspension 1C is passed through a column filled with hydrogen type strongly acidic cation exchange resin Amberlite IR-120B (manufactured by Organo) at room temperature at a space velocity of 3 per hour. By passing through the solution at a high speed, a methanol suspension (suspension 1D) of silica particles having a methacrylic group having a pH of 6.1 was obtained.
- Amberlite IR-120B manufactured by Organo
- Step 1E Monomer Substitution Step Weigh 1800 g of a methanol suspension of silica particles having methacrylic groups (Suspension 1D), and add the same amount of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) (monomer (b) as the silica particles contained). -3)) was added and the solvent was distilled off using a rotary evaporator to obtain an HDDA dispersion of silica particles having methacrylic groups (dispersion 1E).
- HDDA 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate
- Suspensions 2D (Example 2) and 3D (Example 3) were obtained in the same manner as in 1, and HDDA dispersions 2E (Example 2) and 3E (Example 3) of silica particles having methacrylic groups were obtained.
- Example 4 HDDA dispersion 4E (suspension 3D) of silica particles having methacrylic groups was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the time for distilling off the solvent of the methanol suspension (suspension 3D) of silica particles having methacrylic groups was changed. Example 4) was obtained.
- the average sphericity ratio of the silica particles was in the range of 1.05 to 1.
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Abstract
Description
[1]シリカ粒子(a)と、エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)と、アンモニア(c)を含む組成物であって、
組成物100質量%中のアンモニア(c)の量は、0.05~4.5質量%である組成物。
[2]前記組成物に溶剤が含まれていないか、又は組成物100質量%中、3.0質量%以下の溶剤が含まれている[1]に記載の組成物。
[3]組成物100質量%中のシリカ粒子(a)の濃度は、10質量%以上、70質量%以下である[1]または[2]に記載の組成物。
[4]前記シリカ粒子(a)は、アリール基、(メタ)アクリロイル基、アルキル基、ビニル基、スチリル基、エポキシ基、メルカプト基、アミノ基、イソシアネート基、及びハロゲン化アルキル基よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の基を含むシランカップリング剤で表面処理されている[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[5]前記エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)が、
ウレタン結合を有するモノマー又は(1-ヒドロキシ,2-オキシ)エチレン構造を有するモノマー(b-1)、
ウレタン結合及び(1-ヒドロキシ,2-オキシ)エチレン構造のいずれも有していないモノマーであって、エチレン性不飽和基数がモノマー1分子中3以上であり、かつエチレン性不飽和基濃度が4.8mmol/g以上であるモノマー(b-2)、及び
ウレタン結合及び(1-ヒドロキシ,2-オキシ)エチレン構造のいずれも有していないモノマーであって、エチレン性不飽和基数がモノマー1分子中3未満であるという要件及びエチレン性不飽和基濃度が4.8mmol/g未満であるという要件の少なくとも一方を満たすモノマー(b-3)
から選ばれる少なくとも1種である[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
[6]前記エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)は、モノマー(b-1)及びモノマー(b-2)の少なくとも1種と、モノマー(b-3)とで構成されるか、またはモノマー(b-3)のみで構成される[5]に記載の組成物。
[7]前記エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)の温度25℃での粘度が2000mPa・s以下である[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の組成物。
1-1.シリカ粒子(a)
シリカ粒子(a)は、ナノメートルオーダーの粒子であることが好ましく、平均一次粒子径は、例えば1nm以上であり、好ましくは5nm以上であり、より好ましくは10nm以上であり、また例えば100nm以下であり、好ましくは90nm以下であり、より好ましくは70nm以下である(すなわち、1~100nmが好ましく、5~90nmがより好ましく、10~70nmが更に好ましい)。平均一次粒子径は、後述する実施例で示す通り、電子顕微鏡で観察し、任意の粒子50個について測定した直径の算術平均値を用いることができる。なお、シリカ粒子の形状が略球状でない場合には、直径として長径を測定すればよい。シリカ粒子の平均球形比は、シリカ粒子を電子顕微鏡で観察し、1個のシリカ粒子について長径と短径とを測定して球形比(長径/短径)を算出し、50個のシリカ粒子について測定した球形比を平均することにより求めることができ、その値は1.2~1が好ましく、1.1~1がより好ましく、1.05~1が更に好ましい。
また、エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)が(b-1)及び(b-2)の少なくとも1種と、(b-3)とで構成される場合には、組成物100質量%中のシリカ粒子(a)の濃度は、20~60質量%が好ましい。
エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)としては、1種又は2種以上用いることができ、エチレン性不飽和基を1分子中に一つ有する単官能単量体及びエチレン性不飽和基を1分子中に二つ以上有する架橋性単量体のいずれも用いることができる。
シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート(CHA)等の(メタ)アクリル酸シクロアルキルエステル;
2,4-ジブロモ-6-sec-ブチルフェニル(メタ)アクリレート、2,4-ジブロモ-6-イソプロピルフェニル(メタ)アクリレート、フェニル(メタ)アクリレート、2,4,6-トリブロモフェニル(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタブロモフェニル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸アリールエステル;
ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタブロモベンジル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸アラルキルエステル;
フェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシ-2-メチルエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2,4,6-トリブロモフェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2,4-ジブロモフェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ブロモフェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、1-ナフチルオキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ナフチルオキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシ-2-メチルエチル(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシエトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート等のアリールオキシ単位を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル;
フェニルチオエチル(メタ)アクリレート、1-ナフチルチオエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ナフチルチオエチル(メタ)アクリレート等のアリールチオオキシ基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル;
メトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート等のアルキレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート;
グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート等のグリシジル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル等が挙げられる。
ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート(NPGDA)、ジネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート(DNPGDA)等のネオペンチルグリコールポリ(メタ)アクリレート;
トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート(TMPTA)、エトキシ化(3)トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート(TMPTA-EO)、プロポキシ化(3)トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート(TMPTA-PO)、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート等のトリメチロールプロパンポリ(メタ)アクリレート;
グリセリルトリ(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシ化グリセリルトリ(メタ)アクリレート等のグリセリルポリ(メタ)アクリレート;
ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート(PETA)、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート(PETTA)、エトキシ化ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート(PETA-EO)、プロポキシ化ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート(PETA-PO)、エトキシ化ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート(PETTA-EO)、プロポキシ化ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート(PETTA-PO)、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート(DTMPTEA)、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート(DPHA)、エトキシ化ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート(DPHA-EO)、プロポキシ化ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート(DPHA-PO)等のペンタエリスリトールポリ(メタ)アクリレート等の多官能(メタ)アクリレート;
ジビニルベンゼン(DVB)等の多官能スチレン系単量体;
2-(アリルオキシメチル)アクリル酸メチル、2-(アリルオキシメチル)アクリル酸シクロヘキシル、2-(アリルオキシメチル)アクリル酸エステル誘導体等のアリルエステル系単量体;
ジアリルフタレート、ジアリルイソフタレート、トリアリルシアヌレート、トリアリルイソシアヌレート等の多官能アリルエステル系単量体;
2-(2-ビニロキシエトキシ)エチル(メタ)アクリレート(VEEA);
ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(例えば、紫光(登録商標)シリーズ(日本合成化学工業(株)製)、CNシリーズ(サートマー社製)、ユニディック(登録商標)シリーズ(DIC(株)製)、KAYARAD(登録商標) UX シリーズ(日本化薬(株)製)等);
エポキシアクリレートオリゴマー(例えばEBECRYLシリーズ(ダイセル・オルネクス(株)製)、NKオリゴシリーズ(新中村化学工業(株)製)、ネオポールシリーズ(日本ユピカ(株)製)、エポキシエステルシリーズ(共栄社化学(株)製));
アクリル樹脂アクリレートオリゴマー(例えばHAシリーズ(昭和電工マテリアルズ(株)製)、EBECRYLシリーズ及びKRMシリーズ(いずれも、ダイセル・オルネクス(株)製))等が挙げられる。
なお、エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)には、上記したようなオリゴマーも含む意味で用いる。
ウレタン結合を有するモノマーとしては、上記したようなウレタンアクリレートオリゴマーが挙げられる。
(1-ヒドロキシ,2-オキシ)エチレン構造は、エポキシ基とカルボキシル基の開環重合によって形成される構造である。このような構造を有するモノマーとしては、エポキシアクリレートオリゴマー、アクリル樹脂アクリレートオリゴマーなどが挙げられる。
モノマー(b-2)としては、上述した架橋性単量体からモノマー(b-2)の要件を有するものを選択することができ、例えばトリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート(TMPTA)、エトキシ化(3)トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシ化(3)トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシ化ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシ化ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート(DPHA-EO)、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート(DTMPTEA)、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート(DPHA)、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート(PETTA)、又はエトキシ化ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート(PETA-EO)などがこれに該当する。
モノマー(b-3)として、上述した単官能単量体及び架橋性単量体からモノマー(b-3)の要件を有するものを選択することができ、例えば2-(アリルオキシメチル)アクリル酸メチル(AOMA)、1,4-ブタンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート(BDDA)、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート(HDDA)、又は環状トリメチロールプロパンホルマールアクリレート(CTFA)、などがこれに該当する。
なお、モノマーの粘度測定は、(b-1)又は(b-2)に該当するモノマーを用いる場合と、(b-1)及び(b-2)の少なくとも1種と、(b-3)を用いる場合には、東機産業(株)製、TVE-22Hを用い、サンプル量0.2mL、ローター径が直径1.9cmで、回転速度が20rpm、レンジ“H”である条件で測定すればよい。また、(b-3)に該当するモノマーのみを用いる場合には、東機産業(株)製、TV-100ELを用い、サンプル量1.1mL、ローター径が直径4.7cmであり、回転速度が5rpm、またレンジは粘度が~100mPa・sのときは“M”、100~200mPa・sのときは“2.5M”、200mPa・s以上のときは“5M”である条件で測定すればよい。
本発明の組成物は、アンモニア(c)を組成物100質量%中、0.05~4.5質量%含む。組成物が前記範囲のアンモニア(c)を含むことで、組成物の粘度の上昇を抑制することができる。
本発明の組成物は、重合開始剤を含んでいてもよい。重合開始剤としては、例えば、光重合開始剤、熱重合開始剤などが挙げられ、それぞれ単独で用いてもよく、併用してもよい。なお、光重合開始剤のなかには熱重合開始剤として作用するものがあり、また、熱重合開始剤のなかには光重合開始剤として作用するものがあるので、両性質を有するものは、光照射または加熱により、活性エネルギー線硬化型樹脂組成物を硬化させることができる。重合開始剤のなかでは、形成された被膜、活性エネルギー線硬化型樹脂組成物が適用される基材などに熱履歴を与えないことから、光重合開始剤が好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、シリカ粒子(a)、エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)、アンモニア(c)及び好ましく用いられる重合開始剤以外に、溶剤を含んでいてもよいが、本発明の組成物は所定量のアンモニアにより粘度低減効果を発揮することができるため、溶剤は含まれていないか、含まれていても少量であることが好ましい。従って、本発明の組成物には、溶剤が含まれていないか、または含まれている場合には組成物100質量%中、3.0質量%以下であることが好ましく、2.0質量%以下であることがより好ましい。溶剤が含まれていない、又は含まれる溶剤量が少ないことは、環境への負荷が低減できる点で好ましい。また溶剤が所定以上含まれていると、乾燥工程が必要になり生産性が低下する他、溶剤が所定以上含まれている場合に乾燥工程を省略すると、組成物の硬化物の外観が悪化したり強度が低下するという不具合がある。このような観点からも溶剤が含まれていない又は溶剤量が少ないことは望ましい。
溶剤量は、後記する実施例で示す通り、ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて、検量線法(内部標準)により定量することができる。
本発明の組成物は、アンモニア(c)が含まれているため、粘度の上昇が抑制されている。エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)の粘度(2種以上用いている場合には、混合物の粘度)に対する組成物の粘度の比は、90以下が好ましく、70以下がより好ましく、60以下が更に好ましく、下限は特に限定されないが、例えば3以上であってもよいし、5以上であってもよい(すなわち、90~3が好ましく、70~5がより好ましく、60~5が更に好ましい)。なお、組成物の粘度の測定は、組成物に含まれるエチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)の種類に応じて、そのエチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)に適した上述の測定方法をそのまま採用すればよい。
本発明の組成物は、シリカ粒子(a)の合成工程(A)、及びモノマー置換工程(E)を含む製造方法により調製できる。該製造方法は、工程(A)と工程(E)の間に、更に表面処理工程(B)を含んでいてもよいし、モノマー置換工程(E)の前(、かつ表面処理工程(B)を含む場合には、工程(B)の後)に、限外ろ過工程(C)及びイオン交換工程(D)を含んでいてもよい。本発明の組成物が含むアンモニア(c)は、いずれの段階で混合されてもよい。
シリカ粒子(a)の合成工程(A)(以下、単に工程(A)ともいう)では、アルコキシシランを塩基性触媒、及び水の存在下で加水分解縮合することによりシリカ粒子を製造する。
本発明の好ましい製造方法は、表面処理工程(B)(以下、単に工程(B)ともいう)を有していることが好ましい。工程(B)では、上述のシランカップリング剤と、前記工程(A)で得られるアルコキシシランの加水分解・縮合後の反応液とを混合することが好ましい。混合に際しては、工程(A)で得られるアルコキシシランの加水分解・縮合後の反応液に、シランカップリング剤を添加することが好ましく、特に滴下するなどしてシランカップリング剤を複数回に分けて添加することが好ましい。
工程(A)の後、又は工程(B)の後、限外ろ過膜によりろ過する限外ろ過工程(C)(以下、単に工程(C)ともいう)を行うことが好ましい。工程(C)を行うことで、加水分解・縮合後の反応液に含まれていた水、塩基性触媒や必要に応じて添加される希釈剤、ケトン類等が除去されると共に、前記工程(B)でシリカ粒子表面を被覆することができなかった余剰の表面処理剤を除去することができる。工程(C)において、限外ろ過膜によりろ過しながら、前記反応液の分散媒(反応溶媒)とは異なるアルコール系溶媒等の分散媒を添加してもよい。溶媒置換では、シリカ粒子(表面処理されている場合には、表面処理シリカ粒子)の濃度が5~20質量%程度になるまで濃縮して、シリカ粒子分散体とすることが好ましい。
工程(C)後のシリカ粒子分散体に、更に陽イオン交換樹脂で処理するイオン交換工程(D)(以下、単に工程(D)ともいう)を行うことが好ましく、工程(D)により粒子表面に吸着した塩基性触媒などを除去できる。陽イオン交換樹脂は、従来公知のものを使用可能であり、弱酸性陽イオン交換樹脂、強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂のいずれを用いてもよい。弱酸性陽イオン交換樹脂としては、例えばアンバーライトIRC-76(オルガノ(株)製)、ダイヤイオンWK10、WK20(三菱化学(株)製)、レバチットCNP80(バイエル(株)製)等が挙げられる。強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂としては、例えばアンバーリスト16、アンバーライトIR-120B(オルガノ(株)製)、ダイヤイオンPK-208、PK-228、PK-216、(三菱化学(株)製)、デュオライトC-26、デュオライトES-26(住友化学(株)製)、MSC-1、88(ダウ社製)などが挙げられる。
モノマー置換工程(E)(以下、単に工程(E)ともいう)では、工程(A)~工程(D)のいずれかで得られるシリカ粒子分散体と、エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)とを混合し、工程(A)~工程(D)のいずれかに含まれる分散媒を留去する。分散媒の留去は、遠心分離や、減圧蒸留などによる溶媒留去などの固液分離手段によって除去すればよく、これによって工程(A)~工程(D)のいずれかに含まれる分散媒が、エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)に置き換えられる。工程(E)において分散媒を留去する条件は特に限定されないが、例えば、温度は20~60℃、圧力は1~400hPa、時間は1~60時間とすればよい。
シリカ粒子を、日本電子(株)製走査型電子顕微鏡JSM-7600Fで撮影し、撮影したSEM像から任意の粒子50個について、直径(長径)をノギスで測定し、50個の直径の算術平均値を平均一次粒子径とした。また、1個のシリカ粒子について長径と短径とを測定して球形比(長径/短径)を算出し、50個のシリカ粒子について測定した球形比を平均することにより平均球形比を求めた。なお走査型電子顕微鏡での写真撮影において、写真1枚の視野の中に粒子が50~100個となるように測定倍率を設定して行った。
上記(b-3)に該当するモノマーを下記の方法で測定した。サンプルを所定量ステージの上にのせ、下記条件のもと、回転開始から1分後の粘度を記録した。
装置:東機産業(株)製、TV-100EL
測定温度:25℃
ローター径:直径4.7cm
回転速度:5rpm
レンジ:M(~100mPa・s)
2.5M(100~200mPa・s)
5M(200~mPa・s)
サンプル量:1.1mL
シリカ粒子のモノマー分散体の粘度は、粘度の値に応じて、(2)と同様の手法で測定した。
ガラスバイアルに分散体1g、アニソール(内部標準物質)0.02g、アセトニトリル4g秤量することで測定用サンプルを得た。孔径0.45μmのシリンジフィルターでサンプルをろ過後、ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC:NexisGC-2030(島津製作所(株)製、カラム:DB-WAX(アジレント・テクノロジー(株)製)によりアンモニア量を分析した。
測定法:検量線法(内部標準)
カラム長:30m
カラム内径:0.45mm
キャピラリー内膜厚:0.85μm
キャリアガス:ヘリウム
カラム温度:40℃2分保持、10℃/minで180℃まで昇温、50℃/minで230℃まで昇温、230℃で10分保持
注入口温度:230℃
検出器温度:BID(230℃)
検出物質と時間例:アンモニア(0.4min),アニソール(6.6min)
ガラスバイアルに分散体0.2g、内部標準物質としてのジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル0.02gをn-ブタノール5gと混合した。混合液を孔径0.45μmのフィルターで濾過し、濾液中の溶媒の含有量を、ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて検量線法(内部標準)によって決定した。ガスクロマトグラフィーの条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:GC-2014(島津製作所(株)製)
カラム:キャピラリーカラムInertCap Pure-WAX(ジーエルサイエンス社製、カラム長:30m、カラム内径:0.25mm、キャピラリー内膜厚:0.25μm)
キャリアガス:ヘリウム
カラム温度 :50℃で5分間保持、10℃/分で昇温、240℃で6分間保持
注入口温度 :280℃
検出器温度 :280℃(FID)
検出される物質と保持時間例:メタノール(2.5分)、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル(12.3分)
ガラスバイアルに分散体1g、水1gを秤量し、均一化して測定用サンプルを得た。取得した測定用サンプルのpHを、試験紙(Johnson TEST PAPERS社製Comparator Strips)を用いて測定した。
工程1A 粒子合成工程
攪拌機、滴下口、温度計を備えた50LのSUS製容器にメタノール16500g、水4200g、25%アンモニア水2000g、30分間撹拌することで均一な混合溶液を得た。上記混合溶液の液温を49~51℃に調整し撹拌しながら、テトラメチルオルトシリケート(TMOS)5700gを滴下口から90分間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後も引き続き上記液温を維持しながら30分間攪拌を行うことで、シリカ粒子のアルコール性溶液懸濁体(懸濁体1A)を得た。
前記工程で得られた懸濁体1Aを再び攪拌しながら50℃へ昇温し、液温および攪拌を維持しながら、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業製、KBM-503)660gを滴下口から120分間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後も引き続き上記液温を維持しながら15時間攪拌を行うことで、粒子表面にメタクリル基を有するシリカ粒子のアルコール性溶液懸濁体(懸濁体1B)を得た。
前記工程Bで得られた懸濁体1Bを、分画分子量約10000のセラミック製管状限外ろ過膜が装着された市販の限外ろ過膜を用いて、室温でメタノールを適宜加えながら溶媒置換を行い、SiO2濃度が約11%になるまで濃縮することで、pH9.3、粒子表面にメタクリル基を有するシリカ粒子のメタノール懸濁体(懸濁体1C)を得た。
懸濁体1Cを、水素型強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂アンバーライトIR-120B(オルガノ社製)を充填したカラムに、室温条件下、1時間あたりの空間速度が3の通液速度で通過させることで、pH6.1のメタクリル基を有するシリカ粒子のメタノール懸濁体(懸濁体1D)を得た。
メタクリル基を有するシリカ粒子のメタノール懸濁体(懸濁体1D)を1800g秤量し、含まれるシリカ粒子と同量の1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート(HDDA)(モノマー(b-3))を添加し、ロータリーエバポレーターで溶媒を留去することによりメタクリル基を有するシリカ粒子のHDDA分散体(分散体1E)を得た。
工程1C及び工程1Dの少なくともいずれかの実施を省略してメタクリル基を有するシリカ粒子のメタノール懸濁体(懸濁体1D)のpHをそれぞれ9.3、10.8に変更する以外は実施例1と同様にして懸濁体2D(実施例2)、3D(実施例3)を得て、メタクリル基を有するシリカ粒子のHDDA分散体2E(実施例2)、3E(実施例3)を得た。
メタクリル基を有するシリカ粒子のメタノール懸濁体(懸濁体3D)の溶媒を留去する時間を変更したこと以外は実施例3と同様にして、メタクリル基を有するシリカ粒子のHDDA分散体4E(実施例4)を得た。
実施例1の工程1Dでの1時間あたりの空間速度を2に変更した以外は、同様の操作を行った。
Claims (7)
- シリカ粒子(a)と、エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)と、アンモニア(c)を含む組成物であって、
組成物100質量%中のアンモニア(c)の量は、0.05~4.5質量%である組成物。 - 前記組成物に溶剤が含まれていないか、又は組成物100質量%中、3.0質量%以下の溶剤が含まれている請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 組成物100質量%中のシリカ粒子(a)の濃度は、10質量%以上、70質量%以下である請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 前記シリカ粒子(a)は、アリール基、(メタ)アクリロイル基、アルキル基、ビニル基、スチリル基、エポキシ基、メルカプト基、アミノ基、イソシアネート基、及びハロゲン化アルキル基よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の基を含むシランカップリング剤で表面処理されている請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 前記エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)が、
ウレタン結合を有するモノマー又は(1-ヒドロキシ,2-オキシ)エチレン構造を有するモノマー(b-1)、
ウレタン結合及び(1-ヒドロキシ,2-オキシ)エチレン構造のいずれも有していないモノマーであって、エチレン性不飽和基数がモノマー1分子中3以上であり、かつエチレン性不飽和基濃度が4.8mmol/g以上であるモノマー(b-2)、及び
ウレタン結合及び(1-ヒドロキシ,2-オキシ)エチレン構造のいずれも有していないモノマーであって、エチレン性不飽和基数がモノマー1分子中3未満であるという要件及びエチレン性不飽和基濃度が4.8mmol/g未満であるという要件の少なくとも一方を満たすモノマー(b-3)
から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1または2に記載の組成物。 - 前記エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)は、モノマー(b-1)及びモノマー(b-2)の少なくとも1種と、モノマー(b-3)とで構成されるか、またはモノマー(b-3)のみで構成される請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記エチレン性不飽和基含有モノマー(b)の温度25℃での粘度が2000mPa・s以下である請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04275306A (ja) * | 1991-03-01 | 1992-09-30 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 微小粒径シリカを含有する樹脂ビーズ |
| JP2011237802A (ja) * | 2003-08-28 | 2011-11-24 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 反射防止積層体の製造方法 |
| JP2016190769A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-10 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | シリカ粒子の製造方法 |
| WO2018186468A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-11 | 株式会社日本触媒 | シリカ粒子 |
| JP2020015829A (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | ナトコ株式会社 | 水性樹脂組成物および塗膜 |
| JP2020059624A (ja) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 表面処理シリカ粒子、これを含む分散体及び樹脂組成物、並びに樹脂組成物の硬化物 |
| JP2021031587A (ja) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-01 | 株式会社日本触媒 | (メタ)アクリル樹脂の製造方法及び(メタ)アクリル樹脂 |
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| JP6815778B2 (ja) | 2016-07-25 | 2021-01-20 | 扶桑化学工業株式会社 | シリカ粒子、シリカ粒子含有組成物、オルガノゾル及びシリカ粒子の製造方法 |
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH04275306A (ja) * | 1991-03-01 | 1992-09-30 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 微小粒径シリカを含有する樹脂ビーズ |
| JP2011237802A (ja) * | 2003-08-28 | 2011-11-24 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 反射防止積層体の製造方法 |
| JP2016190769A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-10 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | シリカ粒子の製造方法 |
| WO2018186468A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-11 | 株式会社日本触媒 | シリカ粒子 |
| JP2020015829A (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | ナトコ株式会社 | 水性樹脂組成物および塗膜 |
| JP2020059624A (ja) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 表面処理シリカ粒子、これを含む分散体及び樹脂組成物、並びに樹脂組成物の硬化物 |
| JP2021031587A (ja) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-01 | 株式会社日本触媒 | (メタ)アクリル樹脂の製造方法及び(メタ)アクリル樹脂 |
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