WO2024018962A1 - 積層体およびロール体 - Google Patents
積層体およびロール体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024018962A1 WO2024018962A1 PCT/JP2023/025700 JP2023025700W WO2024018962A1 WO 2024018962 A1 WO2024018962 A1 WO 2024018962A1 JP 2023025700 W JP2023025700 W JP 2023025700W WO 2024018962 A1 WO2024018962 A1 WO 2024018962A1
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- electrolyte membrane
- polymer electrolyte
- solid polymer
- fluorine
- base material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/1062—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1065—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the form, e.g. perforated or wave-shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/51—Elastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
- B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
- B32B2307/7376—Thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate and a roll body.
- Solid polymer electrolyte membranes can be applied to various uses, and various studies have been made.
- solid polymer electrolyte membranes are applied to membrane electrode assemblies.
- Various types of membranes are laminated on the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane depending on the intended use.
- an electrode membrane (catalyst layer or electrode catalyst layer) is laminated on the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and such an electrode membrane is formed by a casting method or It may be formed by a coating method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of applying a catalyst to the surface of an electrolyte sheet of a sheet in which the electrolyte sheet is adhered to a polyethylene terephthalate backsheet via a release layer.
- the present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a laminate that has excellent adhesion between a mold release layer and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and has excellent unwinding properties from a roll obtained by winding. shall be. Another object of the present invention is to provide a roll body.
- a releasable base material including a support and a release layer; a solid polymer electrolyte membrane disposed on a release layer in a releasable base material, A laminate in which a solid polymer electrolyte membrane includes a fluorine-containing polymer having an ion exchange group and a woven fabric.
- a fluorine-containing polymer has an ion exchange capacity of 0.90 to 2.00 meq/g dry resin.
- the woven fabric is composed of thread A extending in one direction and thread B extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to thread A,
- Thread A and Thread B are each independently at least one member selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, polyether ether ketone, and polyphenylene sulfide.
- the woven fabric is composed of thread A extending in one direction and thread B extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to thread A, For each of 10 different cross sections when cutting the solid polymer electrolyte membrane in a direction parallel to the direction in which the threads A in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane extend and at intermediate points between the threads A, Measure the maximum film thickness TA and minimum film thickness TB of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, Furthermore, for each of 10 different cross sections when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is cut in a direction parallel to the direction in which the threads B in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane extend and at midpoints between the threads B, , measuring the maximum film thickness TA and minimum film thickness TB of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, When the average minimum film thickness TB AVE is the arithmetic average of the 20 TBs obtained, and the average maximum film thickness TA AVE is the arithmetic average of the 20 TAs obtained, the average maximum film thickness TA AVE
- a laminate that has excellent adhesion between the release layer and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and has excellent unwinding properties from a roll obtained by winding.
- a roll body can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminate of the present invention. It is a sectional view showing other examples of the layered product of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane cut in a direction parallel to the direction in which thread A extends.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane cut in a direction parallel to the direction in which thread B extends.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a woven fabric included in a solid polymer electrolyte membrane when viewed in the thickness direction of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- ion exchange group refers to a group that can exchange at least a portion of the ions contained in this group with other ions, and includes, for example, the following sulfonic acid type functional groups and carboxylic acid type functional groups.
- Sulfonic acid type functional group refers to a sulfonic acid group (-SO 3 H) or a sulfonic acid group (-SO 3 M 2 , where M 2 is an alkali metal or a quaternary ammonium cation). means.
- Carboxylic acid type functional group means a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) or a carboxylic acid base (-COOM 1 , where M 1 is an alkali metal or a quaternary ammonium cation).
- a "precursor membrane” is a membrane that includes a polymer that has groups that can be converted to ion exchange groups.
- a group that can be converted into an ion exchange group means a group that can be converted into an ion exchange group by treatment such as hydrolysis treatment or acid forming treatment.
- a group that can be converted into a sulfonic acid type functional group means a group that can be converted into a sulfonic acid type functional group by treatment such as hydrolysis treatment or acid conversion treatment.
- a "unit" in a polymer means an atomic group derived from one molecule of the monomer, which is formed by polymerizing the monomer.
- the unit may be an atomic group directly formed by a polymerization reaction, or may be an atomic group in which a part of the atomic group is converted into a different structure by processing a polymer obtained by a polymerization reaction. good.
- a numerical range expressed using " ⁇ ” means a range that includes the numerical values written before and after " ⁇ " as the lower limit and upper limit.
- the laminate of the present invention includes a releasable base material including a support and a release layer, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane disposed on the release layer in the releasable base material.
- the membrane is a laminate including a fluorine-containing polymer having an ion exchange group and a woven fabric.
- the laminate of the present invention has excellent adhesion between the release layer and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and also has excellent unwinding properties when the laminate is unwound from a roll obtained by winding the laminate. Although the details of this reason are not clear, it is presumed to be due to the following reasons.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane in the laminate of the present invention includes woven fabric.
- the laminate can be stably unrolled when the laminate is unrolled. Furthermore, even if the surface of the support in the releasable base material opposite to the release layer side is treated with a satin finish, the laminate can be stably unrolled. It is assumed that. In addition, if it is a laminate in which a fluorine-based film or a polyethylene film with excellent mold releasability is bonded to the surface of the support in the releasable base material opposite to the mold release layer side, the above-mentioned blocking can be suppressed. It is presumed that the laminate can be unrolled more stably when unrolling the laminate. Furthermore, even if the surface of the attached fluorine-based film or polyethylene film opposite to the removable substrate side is treated with a satin finish, the laminate can be stably maintained when unrolling. It is assumed that it can be rolled out.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of the laminate of the present invention.
- the laminate 10 includes a releasable base material 12 and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14, and the releasable base material 12 includes a support 16 and a release layer 18.
- the mold release layer 18 is arranged on the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14 side, and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14 is arranged on the mold release layer 18 in contact with it.
- the peelable base material is a base material that supports the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and is peeled off.
- the releasable base material includes a support and a release layer. Each member included in the releasable base material will be described in detail below.
- the support is a member for supporting the release layer.
- the support include a resin plate, a glass plate, and a metal plate.
- the support is a resin plate
- examples of the material contained in the support include resins such as polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, and cellulose derivatives.
- polyester or polyimide is preferred, and polyester is more preferred.
- Polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate.
- the content of the resin in the support is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and even more preferably 95% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the support.
- the upper limit is 100% by mass.
- the thickness of the support is preferably 5 to 188 ⁇ m, more preferably 25 to 100 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the support is within the above range, it has an excellent balance between ease of handling and thinning, and can be suitably applied to a roll-to-roll method that involves heat treatment.
- the thickness of the support is an average thickness, which is a value obtained by measuring the thicknesses at five or more arbitrary locations on the support and arithmetic averaging them.
- the elastic modulus of the support at 160° C. is preferably 5 to 100 MPa, more preferably 20 to 60 MPa.
- the thickness of the support is within the above range, it has an excellent balance between dimensional stability and thinning, and can be suitably applied to a roll-to-roll method that involves heat treatment.
- Examples of the method for measuring the elastic modulus of the support include a method based on JIS K7161.
- the release layer is a layer disposed in contact with the solid polymer electrolyte membrane described below.
- materials included in the release layer include resins such as polyolefin.
- polyethylene and polypropylene are preferred because they have an excellent balance of adhesion and releasability to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the weight average molecular weight of polyethylene is preferably 20,000 to 7,000,000, more preferably 20,000 to 300,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of polypropylene is preferably 40,000 to 300,000, more preferably 40,000 to 200,000.
- the content of the resin in the release layer is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and 95% by mass or more based on the total mass of the release layer. is even more preferable.
- the upper limit is 100% by mass.
- the thickness of the release layer is preferably 5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 25 to 100 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the release layer is within the above range, it has an excellent balance between adhesion to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and thinning.
- the thickness of the release layer is an average thickness, and is a value obtained by measuring the thicknesses of five or more arbitrary locations of the release layer and arithmetic averaging them.
- the elastic modulus of the release layer at 160° C. is preferably 1 MPa or less, more preferably 0.5 MPa or less.
- the lower limit of the elastic modulus is not particularly limited, in this specification, when the test piece whose elastic modulus is to be measured in an environment of 160 ° C. is grasped with the grip of a tensile tester, the test piece melts down, If measurement itself is not possible, the elastic modulus is expressed as 0 MPa.
- the elastic modulus of the support at 160°C is preferably larger than the elastic modulus of the release layer at 160°C. For example, the elastic modulus of the support at 160°C is higher than the elastic modulus of the release layer at 160°C.
- the elastic modulus of the support at 160°C is larger than the elastic modulus of the release layer at 160°C, the dimensional stability of the laminate will be affected when the laminate is applied to a roll-to-roll method that involves heat treatment. Excellent.
- the method for measuring the elastic modulus of the release layer is the same as the method for measuring the elastic modulus of the support.
- the releasable base material may include layers other than the support and the release layer.
- the releasable base material may include an adhesion layer between the support and the release layer to increase the adhesion between the two.
- the adhesive layer include an adhesive layer using an adhesive and an adhesive layer using an adhesive.
- a release layer forming composition containing a resin and a solvent capable of forming a release layer is applied onto a support, and drying and curing treatments are performed as necessary.
- Examples include a method of forming a release layer.
- Another method is to form a release layer by coating a support with a molten resin.
- Another example is a dry lamination method in which an adhesive solution is applied onto a support, dried, and then a release layer is further laminated.
- Solid polymer electrolyte membrane includes a fluorine-containing polymer having an ion exchange group (hereinafter also referred to as "fluorine-containing polymer (I)”) and a woven fabric.
- fluorine-containing polymer (I) fluorine-containing polymer having an ion exchange group
- woven fabric a fluorine-containing polymer having a ion exchange group
- the ion exchange capacity of the fluorine-containing polymer (I) is preferably 0.90 meq/g dry resin or more, from the viewpoint of further reducing the electrolysis voltage when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is applied to a membrane electrode assembly, and 1 It is more preferably greater than .10 mequivalents/gram dry resin, even more preferably greater than 1.15 mequivalents/gram dry resin, particularly preferably greater than 1.20 mequivalents/gram dry resin, and particularly preferably greater than 1.25 mequivalents/gram dry resin. Gram dry resin or higher is most preferred.
- the upper limit of the ion exchange capacity of the fluoropolymer (I) is preferably 2.00 meq/g dry resin or less, and 1.50 meq/g dry resin, from the viewpoint of better properties of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the following is more preferable, and 1.43 milliequivalent/gram dry resin or less is even more preferable.
- the fluorine-containing polymer (I) used in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane may be one type, or two or more types may be used in a stacked or mixed manner.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane may contain a polymer other than the fluorine-containing polymer (I) (hereinafter also referred to as "other polymer”), but the polymer in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is substantially a fluorine-containing polymer. Preferably, it consists of (I).
- “Substantially consisting of fluoropolymer (I)” means that the content of fluoropolymer (I) is 95% by mass or more based on the total mass of polymers in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the upper limit of the content of the fluoropolymer (I) is 100% by mass based on the total mass of the polymers in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- other polymers include polymers of heterocyclic compounds containing one or more nitrogen atoms in the ring, and heterocyclic compounds containing one or more nitrogen atoms and an oxygen atom and/or sulfur atom in the ring.
- One or more polyazole compounds selected from the group consisting of polymers of compounds are included.
- Specific examples of polyazole compounds include polyimidazole compounds, polybenzimidazole compounds, polybenzobisimidazole compounds, polybenzoxazole compounds, polyoxazole compounds, polythiazole compounds, and polybenzothiazole compounds.
- other polymers include polyphenylene sulfide resin and polyphenylene ether resin.
- the fluorine-containing polymer (I) has an ion exchange group.
- ion exchange groups include sulfonic acid type functional groups and carboxylic acid type functional groups.
- Type functional groups are preferred.
- fluoropolymer (S) fluoropolymer having a sulfonic acid type functional group
- the fluorine-containing polymer (S) preferably contains a unit based on a fluorine-containing olefin and a unit having a sulfonic acid type functional group and a fluorine atom.
- the fluorine-containing olefin include fluoroolefins having 2 to 3 carbon atoms and having one or more fluorine atoms in the molecule.
- Specific examples of fluoroolefins include tetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as "TFE"), chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, and hexafluoropropylene.
- TFE is preferred from the viewpoint of monomer production cost, reactivity with other monomers, and excellent properties of the resulting fluoropolymer (S).
- the fluorine-containing olefins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a unit represented by formula (1) is preferable.
- L is an n+1-valent perfluorohydrocarbon group which may contain an etheric oxygen atom.
- the etheric oxygen atom may be located at the end of the perfluorohydrocarbon group or between carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in the n+1-valent perfluorohydrocarbon group is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, and more preferably 10 or less.
- the divalent perfluoroalkylene group may be either linear or branched.
- M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or a quaternary ammonium cation.
- n is 1 or 2.
- the plural M's may be the same or different.
- the unit represented by formula (1) includes a unit represented by formula (1-1), a unit represented by formula (1-2), a unit represented by formula (1-3), or a unit represented by formula ( Units represented by 1-4) are preferred.
- Formula (1-1) -[CF 2 -CF(-O-R f1 -SO 3 M)]-
- Formula (1-2) -[CF 2 -CF(-R f1 -SO 3 M)]-
- R f1 is a perfluoroalkylene group which may contain an oxygen atom between carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in the perfluoroalkylene group is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, and more preferably 10 or less.
- R f2 is a single bond or a perfluoroalkylene group which may contain an oxygen atom between carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in the perfluoroalkylene group is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, and more preferably 10 or less.
- R f3 is a single bond or a perfluoroalkylene group which may contain an oxygen atom between carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in the perfluoroalkylene group is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, preferably 20 or less, and more preferably 10 or less.
- r is 0 or 1.
- m is 0 or 1.
- M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or a quaternary ammonium cation.
- the unit represented by formula (1-5) is preferable.
- Formula (1-5) -[CF 2 -CF(-(CF 2 ) x -(OCF 2 CFY) y -O-(CF 2 ) z -SO 3 M)]- x is 0 or 1
- y is an integer from 0 to 2
- z is an integer from 1 to 4
- Y is F or CF3 .
- M is as described above.
- w is an integer from 1 to 8
- x is an integer from 1 to 5.
- M in the formula is as described above. -[CF 2 -CF(-O-(CF 2 ) w -SO 3 M)]- -[CF 2 -CF(-O-CF 2 CF(CF 3 )-O-(CF 2 ) w -SO 3 M)]- -[CF 2 -CF(-(O-CF 2 CF(CF 3 )) x -SO 3 M)]-
- w in the formula is an integer from 1 to 8.
- M in the formula is as described above. -[CF 2 -CF(-(CF 2 ) w -SO 3 M)]- -[CF 2 -CF(-CF 2 -O-(CF 2 ) w -SO 3 M)]-
- the unit represented by formula (1-3) is preferably a unit represented by formula (1-3-1).
- the definition of M in the formula is as described above.
- R f4 is a linear perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R f5 is a linear perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may contain a single bond or an oxygen atom between carbon atoms. It is a perfluoroalkylene group.
- the definitions of r and M are as described above.
- the unit represented by formula (1-4) is preferably a unit represented by formula (1-4-1).
- the definitions of R f1 , R f2 and M in the formula are as described above.
- One type of unit having a sulfonic acid type functional group and a fluorine atom may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the fluoropolymer (S) contains units based on a fluorine-containing olefin and units based on a monomer other than the unit having a sulfonic acid type functional group and a fluorine atom (hereinafter also referred to as "other monomer”), good.
- the content of units based on other monomers is preferably 30% by mass or less based on the total units in the fluoropolymer (S) from the viewpoint of maintaining ion exchange performance.
- the open area ratio of the woven fabric is preferably 50.0% or more, more preferably 55.0% or more, and 60. It is more preferably 0% or more, particularly preferably 70.0% or more.
- the upper limit of the aperture ratio of the woven fabric is preferably 90.0% or less, and more preferably 80.0% or less, from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the open area ratio of the woven fabric is calculated by the following formula ( ⁇ ) based on the average diameter R1 of the threads and the average interval P1 between adjacent threads (hereinafter also referred to as "pitch P1"). .
- the average thread diameter R1 is the arithmetic mean value of the diameters of 10 different threads arbitrarily selected based on an enlarged image (for example, 100 times) of the surface of the woven fabric obtained using a microscope.
- the pitch P1 means the arithmetic mean value of 10 intervals between different points arbitrarily selected based on an enlarged image (for example, 100 times) of the surface of the woven fabric obtained using a microscope.
- Open area ratio of woven fabric (%) [P1/(P1+R1)] 2 ⁇ 100 ( ⁇ )
- the denier number of yarn A and the denier number of yarn B constituting the woven fabric are each independently preferably 2.0 or more, and 10.0 or more, since the strength and dimensional stability of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are better. is more preferable, and 15.0 or more is even more preferable.
- the upper limit values of the denier number of yarn A and yarn B constituting the woven fabric are independently set to 60, in that the electrolytic voltage can be further reduced when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is applied to the membrane electrode assembly. It is preferably .0 or less, more preferably 50.0 or less, and even more preferably 20.0 or less. Note that the denier number is a value (g/9000m) that represents the mass of a 9000m yarn in grams.
- the density of yarn A and yarn B is preferably 50 yarns/inch (19.7 yarns/cm) or more, and 70 yarns/inch ( 27.6 lines/cm) or more is more preferable, and 90 lines/inch (35.4 lines/cm) or more is even more preferable, and the electrolytic voltage can be further reduced when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is applied to a membrane electrode assembly.
- it is preferably 200 lines/inch (78.7 lines/cm) or less, more preferably 150 lines/inch (59.1 lines/cm) or less, and 100 lines/inch (39.4 lines/cm) or less. More preferred.
- the yarn A and the yarn B may be composed of either a monofilament consisting of one filament or a multifilament consisting of two or more filaments, with monofilaments being preferred.
- Thread A and Thread B are each independently made of polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter also referred to as "PTFE”), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (hereinafter referred to as “PTFE”), because of their superior durability. Consisting of at least one material selected from the group consisting of PFA (also referred to as “PFA”), polyetheretherketone (hereinafter also referred to as “PEEK”), and polyphenylene sulfide (hereinafter also referred to as “PPS”).
- PFA polytetrafluoroethylene
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- Yarn A and yarn B are preferably composed of slit yarns, since the yarns have better durability and strength.
- threads A and B are substantially perpendicular to each other. “Substantially perpendicular” means that the angle formed by yarn A and yarn B is 90 ⁇ 10 degrees. Thread A may be the warp or weft of the woven fabric, but if thread A is the weft, thread B is the warp, and if thread A is the warp, thread B is the weft. be.
- the basis weight of the woven fabric is preferably 20.0 to 40.0 g/m 2 in terms of an excellent balance between the strength and handleability of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. 30.0 to 40.0 g/m 2 is more preferable.
- the basis weight of the woven fabric is preferably 10.0 to 30.0 g/m 2 in terms of an excellent balance between the strength and handleability of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. 10.0 to 20.0 g/m 2 is more preferable.
- the basis weight of the woven fabric is preferably 5.0 to 40.0 g/m 2 in terms of a good balance between the strength and handleability of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. More preferably 5.0 to 30.0 g/m 2 .
- the basis weight of the woven fabric is preferably 5.0 to 40.0 g/m 2 in terms of an excellent balance between the strength and handleability of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. More preferably 5.0 to 30.0 g/m 2 .
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, and a single-layer structure is preferable.
- a multilayer structure for example, an embodiment may be mentioned in which a plurality of layers containing the fluorine-containing polymer (I) and having different ion exchange capacities are laminated.
- the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane on the mold release layer side has an uneven structure. Since the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane on the mold release layer side has an uneven structure, the material of the mold release layer gets into the recesses of the uneven structure, and as a result, the adhesion between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the mold release layer is improved. will improve.
- the uneven structure is formed by the solid polymer electrolyte membrane containing a woven fabric, and the height of the convex portions of the uneven structure can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane on the side opposite to the release layer side has an uneven structure. Since the surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane opposite to the release layer side has an uneven structure, when the laminate is wound into a roll, the surface opposite to the release layer side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane The surface of the laminate and the surface of the releasable base material on the side opposite to the release layer side are slippery, and as a result, the laminate can be stably unwound from the roll body.
- the uneven structure is formed by the solid polymer electrolyte membrane containing a woven fabric, and the height of the convex portions of the uneven structure can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- flat plate pressing and hot roll pressing can be cited as methods for laminating a woven fabric on a precursor membrane of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- back tension may be applied to the unwinding of the woven fabric and precursor film in order to stabilize the conveyance of the fabric and precursor film.
- the woven fabric included in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is composed of yarn A extending in one direction and yarn B extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to yarn A, the direction in which the yarn A in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane extends
- the maximum film thickness TA and minimum film thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are determined for each of 10 different cross sections when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is cut in a direction parallel to , and at the midpoint between the threads A.
- the thickness TB is measured, and the difference in thickness when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is cut in a direction parallel to the direction in which the threads B in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane extend and at a midpoint between the threads B is measured.
- the maximum film thickness TA and minimum film thickness TB of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane were measured for each of the cross sections at 10 locations, and the obtained average minimum film thickness TB AVE was calculated by arithmetic averaging of the 20 TBs obtained.
- the average maximum film thickness TA AVE is the arithmetic average of 20 TAs, it is preferable that the average maximum film thickness TA AVE and the average minimum film thickness TB AVE satisfy the relationship of the following formula (X).
- Formula (X) 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ (TA AVE - TB AVE )/2
- the half value ((TA AVE - TB AVE )/2) of the difference (TA AVE - TB AVE ) between the average maximum film thickness TA AVE and the average minimum film thickness TB AVE must be 0.5 ⁇ m or more . preferable.
- the adhesion between the release layer and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is better, or the roll body obtained by winding the laminate is improved. Excellent unwinding properties.
- the value of (TA AVE - TB AVE )/2 is more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or more. , 5.0 ⁇ m or more is particularly preferred, and most preferably 10.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the value of (TA AVE - TB AVE )/2 is not particularly limited, but is often 30.0 ⁇ m or less, more often 20.0 ⁇ m or less.
- a method for calculating the above (TA AVE - TB AVE )/2 will be explained using the drawings.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane included in the laminate of the present invention cut in a direction parallel to the direction in which thread A extends. This is a cross section exposed when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is cut along the line AA'.
- the electrolyte 20 containing the fluorine-containing polymer (I) and the threads 22a, 22b, and 22c arranged in the electrolyte 20 are exposed.
- the thread 22a, the thread 22b, and the thread 22c correspond to the thread B that constitutes the woven fabric 22.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane included in the laminate of the present invention cut in a direction parallel to the direction in which the thread B extends. This is a cross section exposed when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is cut along the line BB'.
- the electrolyte 20 containing the fluorine-containing polymer (I) and the threads 22A, 22B, and 22C arranged in the electrolyte 20 are exposed.
- the thread 22A, the thread 22B, and the thread 22C correspond to the thread A constituting the woven fabric 22.
- the woven fabric 22 includes threads 22A, 22B, and 22C, which are threads A, and threads 22a, 22b, and 22c, which are threads B that are substantially orthogonal to thread A.
- the maximum film thickness TA and minimum film thickness TB of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are measured. Specifically, in the example of FIG. 5, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14 is cut along the line AA' located at the midpoint between the yarn 22A, which is the yarn A, and the yarn 22B. As a result, a cross section of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14 as shown in FIG. 3 is exposed.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14 is cut at a position other than the midpoint between the threads 22A and 22B (for example, at the midpoint between the threads 22B and 22C) to expose the cross section of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14. let After obtaining ten different cross sections in this way, the maximum film thickness TA and minimum film thickness TB for each cross section are measured. Furthermore, for each of 10 different cross sections when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is cut in a direction parallel to the direction in which the threads B in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane extend and at midpoints between the threads B, , the maximum film thickness TA and minimum film thickness TB of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are measured. Specifically, in the example of FIG.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14 is cut along the line BB' located at the midpoint between the thread 22a and the thread 22b, which are the thread B. As a result, a cross section of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14 as shown in FIG. 4 is exposed. Similarly, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14 is cut at a position other than the midpoint between the threads 22a and 22b (for example, at the midpoint between the threads 22b and 22c) to expose the cross section of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 14. let After obtaining ten different cross sections in this way, the maximum film thickness TA and minimum film thickness TB for each cross section are measured.
- the average maximum film thickness TA AVE is obtained by arithmetic averaging the obtained 20 TAs
- the average minimum film thickness TB AVE is obtained by arithmetic averaging the obtained 20 TBs
- the average maximum film thickness TA The difference between AVE and the average minimum film thickness TB AVE is determined, and the value is further divided by 2 to obtain (TA AVE - TB AVE )/2.
- the method for adjusting the size of (TA AVE - TB AVE )/2 described above is not limited to this, but when manufacturing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a precursor of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is used as a low melting point film as described below.
- An example of this method is to sandwich a membrane and heat press it. As a result, the low melting point film is deformed to follow the surface shape of the precursor film, so that the part where the threads A and B that make up the woven fabric are present is a convex part, and the part where the threads A and B are not present.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having an uneven structure on its surface having concave portions is obtained.
- the height of the convex portion of the uneven structure can be adjusted, and in total, the size of (TA AVE - TB AVE ) / 2 can be adjusted. You can also do it.
- the maximum film thickness TA and minimum film thickness TB are determined using an enlarged image (for example, 100 times) of the cross section of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane taken with an optical microscope (product name "BX-51", manufactured by Olympus Corporation). Measure.
- the average maximum film thickness TA AVE of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is preferably 60 to 250 ⁇ m, more preferably 60 to 200 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of further reducing the electrolysis voltage when the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is applied to a membrane electrode assembly. , 60 to 140 ⁇ m is more preferred, 60 to 120 ⁇ m is particularly preferred, and 60 to 100 ⁇ m is most preferred.
- the average minimum thickness TB AVE of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is preferably 30 to 220 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 200 ⁇ m, and 30 to 130 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of further improving the strength of the membrane electrode assembly including the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. is more preferred, 30 to 100 ⁇ m is particularly preferred, 30 to 80 ⁇ m is particularly preferred, and 30 to 70 ⁇ m is particularly preferred.
- a polymer of a fluorine-containing monomer (hereinafter also referred to as a fluorine-containing monomer (I')) having a group that can be converted into an ion exchange group (hereinafter referred to as a "fluorine-containing polymer (I')”) is used.
- a membrane containing a woven fabric (hereinafter also referred to as "precursor membrane (I')"), and then ion exchange groups in precursor membrane (I') are manufactured. Examples include a method of manufacturing by converting a group that can be converted into an ion exchange group into an ion exchange group.
- both sides of the laminate in which the fluorine-containing polymer (I') is arranged on both sides of the woven fabric are coated with a low melting point having a melting point of 70 to 180°C.
- a low melting point having a melting point of 70 to 180°C.
- An example is a method of sandwiching between transfer base materials such as films and then hot pressing.
- Specific examples of the low melting point film include polyethylene film, polypropylene film, and polystyrene film.
- the fluorine-containing polymer (I') is a polymer of a fluorine-containing monomer (hereinafter also referred to as "fluorine-containing monomer (S')") having a group that can be converted into a sulfonic acid type functional group (hereinafter referred to as "fluorine-containing polymer (S')").
- S') is preferred, and a fluorine-containing polymer (S') obtained by copolymerizing a fluorine-containing olefin with a monomer having a fluorine atom and a group that can be converted into a sulfonic acid type functional group is particularly preferred.
- the fluorine-containing polymer (S') will be explained in detail below.
- fluorine-containing olefin examples include those listed above, and TFE is preferred from the viewpoint of monomer production cost, reactivity with other monomers, and excellent properties of the resulting fluorine-containing polymer (S).
- the fluorine-containing olefins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the fluorine-containing monomer (S') include compounds that have one or more fluorine atoms in the molecule, have an ethylenic double bond, and have a group that can be converted into a sulfonic acid type functional group. .
- a compound represented by formula (2) is preferred from the viewpoint of monomer production cost, reactivity with other monomers, and excellent properties of the resulting fluorine-containing polymer (S).
- Formula (2) CF 2 CF-L-(A) n
- A is a group that can be converted into a sulfonic acid type functional group.
- the group that can be converted into a sulfonic acid type functional group is preferably a functional group that can be converted into a sulfonic acid type functional group by hydrolysis.
- groups that can be converted into sulfonic acid type functional groups include -SO 2 F, -SO 2 Cl, and -SO 2 Br.
- the compound represented by formula (2) includes a compound represented by formula (2-1), a compound represented by formula (2-2), a compound represented by formula (2-3), or a compound represented by formula ( Compounds represented by 2-4) are preferred.
- Formula (2-1) CF 2 CF-O-R f1 -A
- Formula (2-2) CF 2 CF-R f1 -A
- R f1 , R f2 , r and A in the formula are as described above.
- R f1 , R f2 , R f3 , r, m and A in the formula are as described above.
- a compound represented by formula (2-5) is preferable.
- x, y, z and Y in the formula are as described above.
- w is an integer from 1 to 8
- x is an integer from 1 to 5.
- CF 2 CF-O-(CF 2 ) w -SO 2 F
- CF 2 CF-O-CF 2 CF(CF 3 )-O-(CF 2 ) w -SO 2 F
- CF 2 CF-[O-CF 2 CF(CF 3 )] x -SO 2 F
- w in the formula is an integer from 1 to 8.
- CF 2 CF-(CF 2 ) w -SO 2 F
- CF 2 CF-CF 2 -O-(CF 2 ) w -SO 2 F
- the compound represented by formula (2-3) is preferably a compound represented by formula (2-3-1).
- R f4 , R f5 , r and A in the formula are as described above.
- the compound represented by formula (2-4) is preferably a compound represented by formula (2-4-1).
- R f1 , R f2 and A in the formula are as described above.
- the fluorine-containing monomer (S') may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- other monomers may be used in the production of the fluorine-containing polymer (S'). Examples of other monomers include those listed above.
- the ion exchange capacity of the fluoropolymer (I') can be adjusted by changing the content of groups that can be converted into ion exchange groups in the fluoropolymer (I').
- a specific example of the method for producing the precursor film is an extrusion method. More specifically, a film (I') made of a fluorine-containing polymer (I') is formed, and then the film (I'), the woven fabric, and the film (I') are arranged in this order, and then laminated rolls or vacuum An example of this method is to laminate these materials using a laminate device.
- a specific example of a method for converting a group that can be converted into an ion exchange group in the precursor film into an ion exchange group includes a method in which the precursor film is subjected to a treatment such as a hydrolysis treatment or an acid forming treatment. Among these, a method of bringing the precursor film into contact with an alkaline aqueous solution is preferred.
- the method of bringing the precursor film into contact with the alkaline aqueous solution include a method of immersing the precursor film in an alkaline aqueous solution and a method of spray coating the surface of the precursor film with an alkaline aqueous solution.
- the temperature of the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably 30 to 100°C, more preferably 40 to 100°C.
- the contact time between the precursor film and the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably 3 to 150 minutes, more preferably 5 to 50 minutes.
- the alkaline aqueous solution contains an alkali metal hydroxide, a water-soluble organic solvent, and water.
- Alkali metal hydroxides include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
- a water-soluble organic solvent is an organic solvent that easily dissolves in water. Specifically, an organic solvent having a solubility in 1000 ml of water (20°C) of 0.1 g or more is preferable; More preferably, the amount of organic solvent is .5 g or more.
- the water-soluble organic solvent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of aprotic organic solvents, alcohols, and amino alcohols, and more preferably contains an aprotic organic solvent.
- One type of water-soluble organic solvent may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- aprotic organic solvents include dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- alcohols include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, methoxyethoxyethanol, butoxyethanol, butyl carbitol, hexyloxyethanol, octanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, and ethylene glycol.
- amino alcohols include ethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 1-amino-3-propanol, 2-aminoethoxyethanol, 2-aminothio Examples include ethoxyethanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
- the concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide in the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably 1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 3 to 55% by mass.
- the content of the water-soluble organic solvent in the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably 1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 3 to 55% by mass.
- the concentration of water in the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably 39 to 80% by mass.
- a process of removing the alkaline aqueous solution may be performed.
- the method for removing the alkaline aqueous solution include a method of washing the precursor film that has been brought into contact with the alkaline aqueous solution with water.
- the resulting membrane may be contacted with an acidic aqueous solution to convert the ion exchange groups to the acid form.
- an acidic aqueous solution to convert the ion exchange groups to the acid form.
- the method of bringing the precursor film into contact with the acidic aqueous solution include a method of immersing the precursor film in an acidic aqueous solution, and a method of spray coating the surface of the precursor film with an acidic aqueous solution.
- the acidic aqueous solution contains an acid component and water.
- acid components include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
- thermocompression bonding examples include a method of thermocompression bonding a releasable base material and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane such that the solid polymer electrolyte membrane faces the release layer side of the releasable base material.
- thermocompression bonding may be performed using a hot roll press in a roll-to-roll method.
- the temperature of the roll during thermocompression bonding using a hot roll press is preferably 60 to 200°C, more preferably 90 to 170°C.
- a roll body is obtained by winding the laminate of the present invention. By forming the roll body, handling such as transportation becomes easy. When winding the laminate, the laminate may be wound around a winding core, if necessary.
- the laminate of the present invention can be used for various purposes. For example, it is used to form a membrane electrode assembly. More specifically, a catalyst layer is formed on the solid polymer electrolyte membrane in the laminate, the peelable base material is peeled off, and a catalyst layer is further formed on the exposed surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, A membrane electrode assembly can be formed.
- the method for manufacturing the catalyst layer includes a method of applying a catalyst layer-forming coating liquid to a predetermined position and drying it if necessary.
- the coating liquid for forming a catalyst layer is a liquid in which a polymer having an ion exchange group and a catalyst are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the obtained membrane electrode assembly can be used in a water electrolysis device (specifically, a solid polymer type water electrolysis device). Further, the membrane electrode assembly can be used as a diaphragm in an apparatus for electrolytic hydrogenation of aromatic compounds (for example, toluene).
- a water electrolysis device specifically, a solid polymer type water electrolysis device.
- the membrane electrode assembly can be used as a diaphragm in an apparatus for electrolytic hydrogenation of aromatic compounds (for example, toluene).
- Examples 1 to 10 are examples, and example 11 is a comparative example. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- [Film thickness] The average maximum film thickness TA AVE , average minimum film thickness TB AVE , and (TA AVE ⁇ TB AVE )/2 of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are determined according to the method described in the description column of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane above. Calculated.
- the density of the warp and weft yarns constituting the woven fabric was calculated according to the following method. For each of the warp and weft, the length of 10 threads was measured five times from an image observed with an optical microscope, and the average value was converted into density (threads/inch).
- the denier number of the warp yarns and the denier number of the weft yarns constituting the woven fabric were calculated according to the following method. Five aperture areas were randomly selected, the aperture ratio was calculated from the image observed with an optical microscope, and the average value was taken as the aperture ratio.
- the peeling force between the peelable base material and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane was measured according to JIS Z0237 using a Tensilon universal material testing machine RTF-2430 (manufactured by A&D Co., Ltd.). Measurement was performed under the conditions of an angle of 180 degrees, a peeling rate of 300 mm/min, a test piece width of 25 mm, and a test piece length of 50 mm in an environment of a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50%. The measured peel force was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- peeling force is 0.1-3N/25mm
- ⁇ Peeling force is more than 3N/25mm
- x Peeling force is less than 0.1N/25mm
- the peeling force is 0.1-3N/25mm
- peeling force is more than 3N/25mm
- x Peeling force is less than 0.1N/25mm
- the peeling force is too strong, there is a high possibility that local breakage of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane will occur when the peelable base material and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane are separated, so it is preferably 3 N/25 mm or less.
- CF 2 CF 2 and a monomer (Y) represented by the following formula (Y) are copolymerized to produce a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-1) (ion exchange capacity: 1.25 meq/g dry resin) I got it.
- CF 2 CF-O-CF 2 CF (CF 3 )-O-CF 2 CF 2 -SO 2 F...(Y)
- the ion exchange capacity described in the above is based on the ion exchange capacity of the fluoropolymer obtained when the fluoropolymer (S'-1) is hydrolyzed according to the procedure described below. Represents ion exchange capacity.
- the ion exchange capacity described in [Production of fluoropolymer (S'-2)] is the ion exchange capacity of the fluoropolymer obtained when the fluoropolymer (S'-2) is hydrolyzed by the procedure described below. Represents ion exchange capacity.
- a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-1) is attached onto a base material made of a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) film (melting point: 110 to 120°C, thickness: 0.1 mm) by melt extrusion.
- a film-attached base material Y1 was obtained in which a film ⁇ 1 (thickness: 30 ⁇ m) made of a fluoropolymer (S'-1) was formed on the base material.
- a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-1) was applied by melt extrusion onto a base material made of biaxially oriented polyester film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Ltd., Melinex (registered trademark), thickness: 0.1 mm, width: 400 mm).
- a film-coated base material Y2 was obtained in which a film ⁇ 2 (thickness: 60 ⁇ m) made of a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-1) was formed on the base material.
- a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-2) was applied by melt extrusion onto a base material made of biaxially oriented polyester film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Ltd., Melinex (registered trademark), thickness: 0.1 mm, width: 400 mm).
- a film-coated base material Y3 was obtained in which a film ⁇ 3 (thickness: 60 ⁇ m) made of a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-2) was formed on the base material.
- a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-2) was applied by melt extrusion onto a base material made of biaxially stretched polyester film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Ltd., Melinex (registered trademark), thickness: 0.1 mm, width: 400 mm).
- a film-coated base material Y4 was obtained in which a film ⁇ 4 (thickness: 80 ⁇ m) made of a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-2) was formed on the base material.
- a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-2) was applied by melt extrusion onto a base material made of biaxially oriented polyester film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Ltd., Melinex (registered trademark), thickness: 0.1 mm, width: 400 mm).
- a film-coated base material Y5 was obtained in which a film ⁇ 5 (thickness: 115 ⁇ m) made of a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-2) was formed on the base material.
- a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-1) was applied by melt extrusion onto a base material made of biaxially oriented polyester film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Ltd., Melinex (registered trademark), thickness: 0.1 mm, width: 400 mm).
- a film-coated base material Y6 was obtained in which a film ⁇ 6 (thickness: 130 ⁇ m) made of a fluorine-containing polymer (S'-1) was formed on the base material.
- Woven fabric A1 was obtained by plain weaving using 18.6 denier yarns made of PFA for the warp and weft so that the density of the PFA yarns was 100 yarns/inch.
- the basis weight of the woven fabric A1 was 16.3 g/m 2 .
- the open area ratio of the woven fabric A1 was 74.3%.
- the warp and weft were composed of slit yarns.
- yarn A and yarn B were composed of monofilament.
- the manufacturing process was the same as that of woven fabric A1, except that the type and denier of the materials constituting the warp and weft, as well as the density, area weight, and open area ratio of the woven fabric were changed to the values listed in Table 1.
- woven fabric A2 was manufactured.
- Base agent LX-75A (manufactured by DIC Graphics Corporation), curing agent: KW-75 (manufactured by DIC Graphics Corporation), and diluent: ethyl acetate in 60 parts by mass/10 parts by mass/60 parts by mass.
- An adhesive was prepared by mixing the two in quantity. Next, on a biaxially stretched polyester film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Ltd., Melinex (registered trademark), thickness: 50 ⁇ m, elastic modulus at 160°C: 40 MPa) as a support, a solute was added at a concentration of 2 g/m 2 . , the above adhesive was applied.
- an LDPE film manufactured by Tamapori, AJ-1, thickness: 50 ⁇ m, elastic modulus at 160°C: 0 MPa
- a release layer was formed to produce a releasable base material 1.
- the corona-treated side of the LDPE film was oriented to be attached to the adhesive layer formed on the support.
- ETFE tetrafluoroethylene/ethylene copolymer, one-sided satin film (manufactured by AGC, 50HK), thickness: 50 ⁇ m, at 160° C.
- a releasable base material 3 in which ETFE and a releasable base material 2 were laminated with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween was manufactured according to the same procedure as that for the releasable base material 1 using an elastic modulus of 48 MPa. At this time, the mirror surface and corona-treated surface side of the ETFE film was oriented to be attached to the adhesive layer formed on the support.
- Example 1 Film-coated base material Y1/woven fabric A1/film-coated base material Y1 were stacked in this order.
- the base material Y1 with a film was arrange
- the stacked members were heat-pressed for 10 minutes using a flat plate press at a temperature of 160°C and a surface pressure of 30 MPa/ m2 , and then the base materials on both sides were peeled off at a temperature of 50°C to obtain a precursor film. .
- the resulting group was hydrolyzed to convert it into a K-type sulfonic acid type functional group, and then washed with water.
- the obtained membrane was immersed in 1M sulfuric acid to convert the terminal groups from K type to H type, and then dried to obtain solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1.
- the average maximum film thickness TA AVE of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 was 91 ⁇ m
- the average minimum film thickness TB AVE was 60 ⁇ m
- (TA AVE ⁇ TB AVE )/2 was 15.5 ⁇ m.
- the prepared releasable base material 1 and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 are introduced between a metal roll and a rubber roll and bonded by thermocompression, and then laminated. Obtained body 1.
- the support, the release layer, and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 were laminated in this order.
- the surface pressure of the rubber roll pressed against the metal roll was 200 N/cm
- the temperature of the metal roll and the rubber roll was 160°C
- the conveyance speed was 10 cm/min.
- Example 2 A laminate 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that releasable base material 2 was used instead of releasable base material 1.
- Example 3 A laminate 3 was obtained according to the same procedure as in Example 1, except that releasable base material 3 was used instead of releasable base material 1.
- Example 4 A laminate 4 was obtained according to the same procedure as in Example 1, except that the releasable base material 3 was used instead of the releasable base material 1, and the woven fabric A2 was used instead of the woven fabric A1.
- Example 5 A laminate 5 was obtained according to the same procedure as in Example 1, except that a film-attached base material Y2 was used instead of the film-attached base material Y1, and a releasable base material 3 was used instead of the releasable base material 1.
- Example 6 Example 1 except that a film-coated base material Y2 was used instead of the film-coated base material Y1, a releasable base material 3 was used instead of the releasable base material 1, and a woven fabric A2 was used instead of the woven fabric A1.
- a laminate 6 was obtained according to the same procedure.
- Example 7 A laminate 7 was obtained according to the same procedure as in Example 1, except that the film-coated base material Y3 was used instead of the film-coated base material Y1, and the peelable base material 3 was used instead of the peelable base material 1.
- Example 8 Same as Example 1 except that film-coated base material Y4 was used instead of film-coated base material Y1, releasable base material 3 was used instead of releasable base material 1, and woven fabric A2 was used instead of woven fabric A1.
- a laminate 8 was obtained according to the same procedure.
- Example 9 Example 1 except that a film-coated base material Y5 was used instead of the film-coated base material Y1, a releasable base material 3 was used instead of the releasable base material 1, and a woven fabric A2 was used instead of the woven fabric A1.
- a laminate 9 was obtained according to the same procedure.
- a film-coated base material Y2 was used instead of the film-coated base material Y1, a releasable base material 4 was used instead of the releasable base material 1, the temperature of the metal roll of the hot roll press device was 130°C, and the temperature of the rubber roll was 90°C.
- a laminate 10 was obtained according to the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the temperature was changed to .degree.
- Example 11 A film obtained by peeling the base material from the film-attached base material Y6 is used as a precursor film to produce a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 10, and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 10 is used instead of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1.
- a laminate 10 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that releasable base material 3 was used instead of releasable base material 1.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 10 in the laminate 10 did not contain woven fabric.
- the “total film thickness ( ⁇ m)” column in Table 1 means the total film thickness of the films in the film-attached substrate used in each example. For example, in Example 1, since two film-attached substrates Y1 are used, Table 1 shows the total value of 60 ⁇ m for the two 30 ⁇ m films.
- the "Presence/Presence” column in the "Woven Fabric” column in Table 1 indicates whether the solid polymer electrolyte membrane includes woven fabric. Indicates that it is not included.
- the “Type” column in the "Releasable base material” column in Table 1 represents the type of releasable base material used in each example, and “1" to "4" represent releasable base materials 1 to 4, respectively. .
- Example 11 since the evaluation of unwinding property was "x”, the evaluation of adhesion was not carried out, so it is indicated as "-”.
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Abstract
Description
固体高分子電解質膜は適用される用途に応じて、その表面上に各種膜が積層される。例えば、固体高分子電解質膜を膜電極接合体に適用する際には、固体高分子電解質膜の表面に電極膜(触媒層または電極触媒層)を積層され、このような電極膜はキャスト法またはコーティング法により形成される場合がある。
例えば、特許文献1(段落0051)においては、ポリエチレンテレフタレートのバックシートに離型層を介して電解質シートが貼着した状態のシートの電解質シートの表面に、触媒を付与する技術が開示されている。
また、剥離性基材と固体高分子電解質膜とを含む積層体は巻回されてロール体として運搬され、ロール体から積層体を巻き出して使用する場合が多い。
本発明者らは、特許文献1に記載される剥離性基材と固体高分子電解質膜とを含む積層体のロール体から積層体を巻き出す際に、ロール体から安定的に積層体を巻き出すことができないことを知見した。なお、以下、ロール体からフィルムを安定的に巻き出しできることを「巻き出し性に優れる」ともいう。
また、本発明は、ロール体の提供も課題とする。
(1) 支持体と離型層とを含む剥離性基材と、
剥離性基材中の離型層上に配置された、固体高分子電解質膜とを含み、
固体高分子電解質膜が、イオン交換基を有する含フッ素ポリマー、および、織布を含む、積層体。
(2) 含フッ素ポリマーのイオン交換容量が0.90~2.00ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂である、(1)に記載の積層体。
(3) 織布が、一方の方向に延びる糸Aと、糸Aに略直交する方向に延びる糸Bと、から構成され、
織布の開口率が50%以上である、(1)または(2)に記載の積層体。
(4) 糸Aのデニール数および糸Bのデニール数が、それぞれ独立に、15~50である、(3)に記載の積層体。
(5) 糸Aおよび糸Bが、それぞれ独立に、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン-パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、および、ポリフェニレンサルファイドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の材料から構成される、(3)または(4)に記載の積層体。
(6) 糸Aおよび糸Bの密度が、それぞれ独立に、70~150本/インチである、(3)~(5)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(7) イオン交換基が、スルホン酸型官能基である、(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(8) 含フッ素ポリマーが、含フッ素オレフィンに基づく単位と、スルホン酸型官能基およびフッ素原子を有する単位とを含む、(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(9) 含フッ素オレフィンが、分子中に1個以上のフッ素原子を有する炭素数が2~3のフルオロオレフィンである、(8)に記載の積層体。
(10) スルホン酸型官能基およびフッ素原子を有する単位が、後述する式(1)で表される単位である、(8)または(9)に記載の積層体。
(11) 支持体の160℃における弾性率が、離型層の160℃における弾性率よりも大きい、(1)~(10)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(12) 離型層の160℃における弾性率が、1MPa以下である、(1)~(11)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(13) 織布が、一方の方向に延びる糸Aと、糸Aに略直交する方向に延びる糸Bと、から構成され、
固体高分子電解質膜中の前記糸Aが延びる方向に平行な方向であって、かつ、糸A同士の中間地点で、固体高分子電解質膜を切断した際の異なる10箇所の断面のそれぞれについて、固体高分子電解質膜の最大膜厚TAと最小膜厚TBとを測定し、
さらに、固体高分子電解質膜中の糸Bが延びる方向に平行な方向であって、かつ、糸B同士の中間地点で、固体高分子電解質膜を切断した際の異なる10箇所の断面のそれぞれについて、固体高分子電解質膜の最大膜厚TAと最小膜厚TBとを測定し、
得られた20個のTBを算術平均した平均最小膜厚TBAVEと、得られた20個のTAを算術平均した平均最大膜厚TAAVEとした際、平均最大膜厚TAAVEと平均最小膜厚TBAVEとが、後述する式(X)の関係を満たす、(1)~(12)のいずれかに記載の積層体。
(14) (1)~(13)のいずれかに記載の積層体を巻回してなるロール体。
また、本発明によれば、ロール体を提供できる。
「イオン交換基」とは、この基に含まれるイオンの少なくとも一部を、他のイオンに交換しうる基であり、例えば、下記のスルホン酸型官能基、カルボン酸型官能基が挙げられる。
「スルホン酸型官能基」とは、スルホン酸基(-SO3H)、または、スルホン酸塩基(-SO3M2。ただし、M2はアルカリ金属または第4級アンモニウムカチオンである。)を意味する。
「カルボン酸型官能基」とは、カルボン酸基(-COOH)、または、カルボン酸塩基(-COOM1。ただし、M1はアルカリ金属または第4級アンモニウムカチオンである。)を意味する。
「前駆体膜」とは、イオン交換基に変換できる基を有するポリマーを含む膜である。
「イオン交換基に変換できる基」とは、加水分解処理、酸型化処理等の処理によって、イオン交換基に変換できる基を意味する。
「スルホン酸型官能基に変換できる基」とは、加水分解処理、酸型化処理等の処理によって、スルホン酸型官能基に変換できる基を意味する。
本発明の積層体は、支持体と離型層とを含む剥離性基材と、剥離性基材中の離型層上に配置された、固体高分子電解質膜とを含み、固体高分子電解質膜が、イオン交換基を有する含フッ素ポリマー、および、織布を含む、積層体である。
本発明の積層体は、離型層と固体高分子電解質膜との間の密着性に優れると共に、積層体を巻回して得られるロール体から積層体を巻き出す際の巻き出し性に優れる。この理由の詳細は明らかなっていないが、以下の理由によると推測される。
本発明の積層体中の固体高分子電解質膜には織布が含まれる。この織布の存在により、固体高分子電解質膜の表面には、微小な凹凸構造が形成されている。固体高分子電解質膜の離型層側の表面がこのような凹凸構造を有することで、離型層の材料が固体高分子電解質膜の離型層側の表面の凹凸構造の凹部などに入り込み、アンカー効果が生じ、結果として両者の密着性が向上していると推測される。
また、固体高分子電解質膜の離型層側とは反対側の表面に凹凸構造があることにより、積層体を巻回してロール体とした際に、上記凹凸構造が剥離性基材の支持体側の表面と接触することになる。このような凹凸構造があることにより、いわゆるブロッキングが抑制され、積層体を巻き出す際に、安定的に積層体を巻き出すことができると推測される。
また、剥離性基材中の支持体の離型層側とは反対側の表面が梨地処理されていても同様に、積層体を巻き出す際に、安定的に積層体を巻き出すことができると推測される。
また、剥離性基材中の支持体の離型層側とは反対側の表面に、離型性に優れるフッ素系フィルムまたはポリエチレンフィルムを貼り合わせた積層体であれば、上記ブロッキングが抑制され、積層体を巻き出す際に、さらに安定的に積層体を巻き出すことができると推測される。さらに、貼り付けられたフッ素系フィルムまたはポリエチレンフィルムの剥離性基材側とは反対側の表面が梨地処理されていても上記と同様に、積層体を巻き出す際に、安定的に積層体を巻き出すことができると推測される。
以下、積層体中の各部材について詳述する。
剥離性基材は、固体高分子電解質膜を支持し、剥離される基材である。
剥離性基材は、支持体と離型層とを含む。
以下、剥離性基材に含まれる各部材について詳述する。
支持体は、離型層を支持するための部材である。
支持体の具体例としては、樹脂板、ガラス板、金属板が挙げられる。
支持体が樹脂板の場合、支持体に含まれる材料としては、例えば、ポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、セルロース誘導体等の樹脂が挙げられる。なかでも、耐熱性および柔軟性の点から、ポリエステル、または、ポリイミドが好ましく、ポリエステルがより好ましい。
ポリエステルとしては、ポリエチレンテレフタレートおよびポリエチレンナフタレートが挙げられる。
上記支持体の厚みは平均厚みであり、支持体の任意の5か所以上の厚みを測定して、それらを算術平均して得られる値である。
支持体の弾性率の測定方法は、JIS K7161に基づく方法が挙げられる。
離型層は、後述する固体高分子電解質膜に接して配置される層である。
離型層に含まれる材料としては、例えば、ポリオレフィン等の樹脂が挙げられる。特に、固体高分子電解質膜との密着性および剥離性のバランスに優れる点で、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピンレンが好ましい。
ポリプロピンレンの重量平均分子量は、40,000~300,000が好ましく、40,000~200,000がより好ましい。
上記離型層の厚みは平均厚みであり、離型層の任意の5か所以上の厚みを測定して、それらを算術平均して得られる値である。
上述した支持体の160℃における弾性率は、離型層の160℃における弾性率よりも大きいことが好ましく、例えば、支持体の160℃における弾性率が、前記離型層の160℃における弾性率よりも1~80MPa大きいことがより好ましく、5~50MPa大きいことが更に好ましい。支持体の160℃における弾性率が、離型層の160℃における弾性率よりも大きい場合、加熱処理を伴うロール・トゥ・ロール方式に積層体を適用した際に、積層体の寸法安定性に優れる。
離型層の弾性率の測定方法は、支持体の弾性率の測定方法と同じである。
剥離性基材は、上記支持体および離型層以外の他の層を含んでいてもよい。例えば、剥離性基材は、支持体と離型層との間に両者の密着性を高めるための密着層を含んでいてもよい。
密着層としては、接着剤を用いた接着層、および、粘着剤を用いた粘着層が挙げられる。
剥離性基材の製造方法としては、例えば、支持体上に離型層を形成し得る樹脂および溶媒を含む離型層形成用組成物を塗布して、必要に応じて乾燥処理および硬化処理を実施して、離型層を形成する方法が挙げられる。また、支持体上に、溶融状態の樹脂をコーティングして、離型層を形成する方法も挙げられる。また、支持体上に接着剤溶液を塗布して、乾燥させた後、さらに、離型層を貼り合わせるドライラミネート方法も挙げられる。
固体高分子電解質膜は、イオン交換基を有する含フッ素ポリマー(以下、「含フッ素ポリマー(I)」ともいう。)、および、織布を含む。
以下では、まず、高分子電解質膜に含まれる材料について詳述し、その後、固体高分子電解質膜の特性について詳述する。
含フッ素ポリマー(I)のイオン交換容量は、固体高分子電解質膜を膜電極接合体に適用した際に電解電圧をより低減できる点から、0.90ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂以上が好ましく、1.10ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂よりも大きいことがより好ましく、1.15ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂以上がさらに好ましく、1.20ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂以上が特に好ましく、1.25ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂以上が最も好ましい。
含フッ素ポリマー(I)のイオン交換容量の上限値は、固体高分子電解質膜の特性がより優れる点から、2.00ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂以下が好ましく、1.50ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂以下がより好ましく、1.43ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂以下がさらに好ましい。
固体高分子電解質膜は、含フッ素ポリマー(I)以外のポリマー(以下、「他のポリマー」ともいう)を含んでいてもよいが、固体高分子電解質膜中のポリマーは実質的に含フッ素ポリマー(I)からなるのが好ましい。実質的に含フッ素ポリマー(I)からなるとは、固体高分子電解質膜中のポリマーの合計質量に対して、含フッ素ポリマー(I)の含有量が95質量%以上であるのを意図する。含フッ素ポリマー(I)の含有量の上限としては、固体高分子電解質膜中のポリマーの合計質量に対して、100質量%が挙げられる。
他のポリマーの具体例としては、環内に窒素原子を1個以上含む複素環化合物の重合体、並びに、環内に窒素原子を1個以上と酸素原子および/または硫黄原子とを含む複素環化合物の重合体からなる群から選択される1種以上のポリアゾール化合物が挙げられる。
ポリアゾール化合物の具体例としては、ポリイミダゾール化合物、ポリベンズイミダゾール化合物、ポリベンゾビスイミダゾール化合物、ポリベンゾオキサゾール化合物、ポリオキサゾール化合物、ポリチアゾール化合物、ポリベンゾチアゾール化合物が挙げられる。
また、固体高分子電解質膜の耐酸化性の点から、他のポリマーとしては、ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂、ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂も挙げられる。
以下では、主に、スルホン酸型官能基を有する含フッ素ポリマー(以下、「含フッ素ポリマー(S)」ともいう。)の態様について詳述する。
含フッ素オレフィンとしては、例えば、分子中に1個以上のフッ素原子を有する炭素数が2~3のフルオロオレフィンが挙げられる。フルオロオレフィンの具体例としては、テトラフルオロエチレン(以下、「TFE」ともいう。)、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、フッ化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニル、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンが挙げられる。なかでも、モノマーの製造コスト、他のモノマーとの反応性、得られる含フッ素ポリマー(S)の特性に優れる点から、TFEが好ましい。
含フッ素オレフィンは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
式(1) -[CF2-CF(-L-(SO3M)n)]-
エーテル性酸素原子は、ペルフルオロ炭化水素基中の末端に位置していても、炭素原子-炭素原子間に位置していてもよい。
n+1価のペルフルオロ炭化水素基中に炭素数は、1以上が好ましく、2以上がより好ましく、20以下が好ましく、10以下がより好ましい。
上記2価のペルフルオロアルキレン基は、直鎖状および分岐鎖状のいずれであってもよい。
nは、1または2である。nが2の場合、複数のMは同一であっても異なっていても良い。
式(1-1) -[CF2-CF(-O-Rf1-SO3M)]-
式(1-2) -[CF2-CF(-Rf1-SO3M)]-
mは、0または1である。
Mは、水素原子、アルカリ金属または第4級アンモニウムカチオンである。
式(1-5) -[CF2-CF(-(CF2)x-(OCF2CFY)y-O-(CF2)z-SO3M)]-
xは0または1であり、yは0~2の整数であり、zは1~4の整数であり、YはFまたはCF3である。Mは、上述した通りである。
-[CF2-CF(-O-(CF2)w-SO3M)]-
-[CF2-CF(-O-CF2CF(CF3)-O-(CF2)w-SO3M)]-
-[CF2-CF(-(O-CF2CF(CF3))x-SO3M)]-
-[CF2-CF(-(CF2)w-SO3M)]-
-[CF2-CF(-CF2-O-(CF2)w-SO3M)]-
他のモノマーの具体例としては、CF2=CFRf6(ただし、Rf6は炭素数2~10のペルフルオロアルキル基である。)、CF2=CF-ORf7(ただし、Rf7は炭素数1~10のペルフルオロアルキル基である。)、CF2=CFO(CF2)vCF=CF2(ただし、vは1~3の整数である。)が挙げられる。
他のモノマーに基づく単位の含有量は、イオン交換性能の維持の点から、含フッ素ポリマー(S)中の全単位に対して、30質量%以下が好ましい。
織布の開口率は、固体高分子電解質膜を膜電極接合体に適用した際に電解電圧をより低減できる点で、50.0%以上が好ましく、55.0%以上がより好ましく、60.0%以上がさらに好ましく、70.0%以上が特に好ましい。
織布の開口率の上限値は、固体高分子電解質膜の強度がより優れる点で、90.0%以下が好ましく、80.0%以下がより好ましい。
織布の開口率は、糸の平均直径R1と、隣接する糸と糸との平均間隔P1(以下、「ピッチP1」ともいう。)とに基づいて、以下の式(ε)によって算出される。
ここで、糸の平均直径R1とは、顕微鏡を用いて得られる織布表面の拡大画像(例えば、100倍)に基づいて、任意に選択される異なる10本の糸の直径の算術平均値を意味する。また、ピッチP1は、顕微鏡を用いて得られる織布表面の拡大画像(例えば、100倍)に基づいて、任意に選択される異なる箇所の間隔10点の算術平均値を意味する。
織布の開口率(%)=[P1/(P1+R1)]2×100 (ε)
織布を構成する糸Aのデニール数および糸Bのデニール数の上限値は、固体高分子電解質膜を膜電極接合体に適用した際に電解電圧をより低減できる点で、それぞれ独立に、60.0以下が好ましく、50.0以下がより好ましく、20.0以下がさらに好ましい。
なお、デニール数は、9000mの糸の質量をグラムで表した値(g/9000m)である。
糸Aおよび糸Bは、糸の耐久性および強度がより優れる点から、スリットヤーンで構成されるのが好ましい。
糸Aは、織布の経糸であっても緯糸であってもよいが、糸Aが緯糸である場合には糸Bが経糸であり、糸Aが経糸である場合には糸Bが緯糸である。
織布を構成する材料がPFAである場合、織布の目付量は、固体高分子電解質膜の強度と取り扱い性とのバランスに優れる点で、10.0~30.0g/m2が好ましく、10.0~20.0g/m2がより好ましい。
織布を構成する材料がPEEKである場合、織布の目付量は、固体高分子電解質膜の強度と取り扱い性とのバランスに優れる点で、5.0~40.0g/m2が好ましく、5.0~30.0g/m2がより好ましい。
織布を構成する材料がPPSである場合、織布の目付量は、固体高分子電解質膜の強度と取り扱い性とのバランスに優れる点で、5.0~40.0g/m2が好ましく、5.0~30.0g/m2がより好ましい。
固体高分子電解質膜は、単層構造であっても、多層構造であってもよく、単層構造が好ましい。
なお、多層構造である場合、例えば、含フッ素ポリマー(I)を含み、イオン交換容量が互いに異なる層を複数積層させる態様が挙げられる。
上記凹凸構造は固体高分子電解質膜が織布を含むことにより形成され、例えば、固体高分子電解質膜の膜厚を調整することにより、凹凸構造の凸部の高さを調整できる。
上記凹凸構造は固体高分子電解質膜が織布を含むことにより形成され、例えば、固体高分子電解質膜の膜厚を調整することにより、凹凸構造の凸部の高さを調整できる。
また、固体高分子電解質膜を製造する際に、固体高分子電解質膜の前駆体膜に織布を積層する手法として、平板プレスおよび熱ロールプレスが挙げられる。熱ロールプレスで連続積層する場合、織布、前駆体膜の搬送を安定させるため、それらの繰り出しにバックテンションを負荷することがある。この時、織布にバックテンションを負荷するとMD(Machine Direction)に延在する糸にバックテンションが作用するため、MDに延在する糸が突っ張ることになる。合わせて、TD(Traverse Direction)に延在する糸はバックテンションを負荷しない場合に比較し、より立体的に変形することとなる。この状態で前駆体膜に織布を積層すると、より立体的に変形したTDに延在する糸の形状が保持されることとなる。つまり、熱ロールプレス時のバックテンションを調整することによっても、凹凸構造の凸部の高さを調整できる。
式(X) 0.5μm≦(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2
つまり、平均最大膜厚TAAVEと平均最小膜厚TBAVEとの差分(TAAVE-TBAVE)の半分の値((TAAVE-TBAVE)/2)が、0.5μm以上であることが好ましい。
上記(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2が0.5μm以上であることにより、離型層と固体高分子電解質膜との間の密着性がより優れるか、積層体を巻回して得られるロール体からの巻き出し性がより優れる。
なかでも、上記(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2の値は、1.0μm以上であることがより好ましく、2.0μm以上であることが更に好ましく、3.0μm以上であることが更により好ましく、5.0μm以上であることが特に好ましく、10.0μm以上であることが最も好ましい。上記(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2の値の上限は特に制限されないが、30.0μm以下の場合が多く、20.0μm以下の場合がより多い。
以下、上記(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2の算出方法について図面を用いて説明する。
図4は、本発明の積層体に含まれる固体高分子電解質膜を糸Bが延びる方向に平行な方向に切断した際の一例を示す断面図であり、具体的には、後述の図5におけるB-B’線で固体高分子電解質膜を切断したときに露出する断面である。図4における固体高分子電解質膜14の断面において、含フッ素ポリマー(I)を含む電解質20と、電解質20中に配置された糸22A、糸22Bおよび糸22Cと、が露出している。糸22A、糸22Bおよび糸22Cは、織布22を構成する糸Aに相当する。
図5は、固体高分子電解質膜14中の織布22を膜厚方向に向かって見たときの平面模式図である。図5に示すように、織布22は、糸Aである糸22A、糸22Bおよび糸22Cと、糸Aと略直交する糸Bである糸22a、糸22bおよび糸22cと、を含む。
具体的には、図5の例では、糸Aである糸22Aと糸22Bとの中間地点に位置するA-A’線で固体高分子電解質膜14を切断する。これにより、図3に示すような固体高分子電解質膜14の断面が露出する。同様に、糸22Aと糸22Bとの中間地点以外の位置(例えば、糸22Bと糸22Cとの中間地点)で固体高分子電解質膜14を切断して、固体高分子電解質膜14の断面を露出させる。このようにして、異なる10箇所の断面を得た後、断面毎の最大膜厚TAと最小膜厚TBとを測定する。
さらに、固体高分子電解質膜中の糸Bが延びる方向に平行な方向であって、かつ、糸B同士の中間地点で、固体高分子電解質膜を切断した際の異なる10箇所の断面のそれぞれについて、固体高分子電解質膜の最大膜厚TAと最小膜厚TBとを測定する。
具体的には、図5の例では、糸Bである糸22aと糸22bとの中間地点に位置するB-B’線で固体高分子電解質膜14を切断する。これにより、図4に示すような固体高分子電解質膜14の断面が露出する。同様に、糸22aと糸22bとの中間地点以外の位置(例えば、糸22bと糸22cとの中間地点)で固体高分子電解質膜14を切断して、固体高分子電解質膜14の断面を露出させる。このようにして、異なる10箇所の断面を得た後、断面毎の最大膜厚TAと最小膜厚TBとを測定する。
次に、得られた20個のTAを算術平均した平均最大膜厚TAAVEと、得られた20個のTBを算術平均して平均最小膜厚TBAVEとを求めて、平均最大膜厚TAAVEと平均最小膜厚TBAVEとを差分を求めて、さらにその値を2で除して、(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2とする。
また、上述したように、熱ロールプレス時のバックテンションを調整することにより、凹凸構造の凸部の高さを調整でき、合わせて(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2の大きさを調整することもできる。
また、最大膜厚TAおよび最小膜厚TBは、光学顕微鏡(製品名「BX-51」、オリンパス社製)によって撮影された固体高分子電解質膜の断面の拡大画像(例えば、100倍)を用いて測定する。
固体高分子電解質膜の平均最小膜厚TBAVEは、固体高分子電解質膜を含む膜電極接合体の強度をより向上できる点から、30~220μmが好ましく、30~200μmがより好ましく、30~130μmがさらに好ましく、30~100μmが特に好ましく、30~80μmが特に好ましく、30~70μmが特に好ましい。
固体高分子電解質膜の製造方法としては、イオン交換基に変換できる基を有する含フッ素モノマー(以下、含フッ素モノマー(I’)ともいう。)のポリマー(以下、「含フッ素ポリマー(I’)」ともいう。)を含む前駆体膜および織布を含む膜(以下「前駆体膜(I’)」ともいう。)を製造し、次に、前駆体膜(I’)中のイオン交換基に変換できる基をイオン交換基に変換して製造する方法が挙げられる。
低融点フィルムの具体例としては、ポリエチレンフィルム、ポリプロピレンフィルム、ポリスチレンフィルムが挙げられる。
含フッ素ポリマー(I’)としては、スルホン酸型官能基に変換できる基を有する含フッ素モノマー(以下、「含フッ素モノマー(S’)」ともいう。)のポリマー(以下、「含フッ素ポリマー(S’)」ともいう。)が好ましく、含フッ素オレフィンと、スルホン酸型官能基に変換できる基およびフッ素原子を有するモノマーとを共重合することで得られる含フッ素ポリマー(S’)が特に好ましい。
以下、含フッ素ポリマー(S’)について詳述する。
含フッ素オレフィンは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
含フッ素モノマー(S’)としては、モノマーの製造コスト、他のモノマーとの反応性、得られる含フッ素ポリマー(S)の特性に優れる点から、式(2)で表される化合物が好ましい。
式(2) CF2=CF-L-(A)n
式(2)中のLおよびnの定義は、上述した通りである。
Aは、スルホン酸型官能基に変換できる基である。スルホン酸型官能基に変換できる基は、加水分解によってスルホン酸型官能基に変換し得る官能基が好ましい。スルホン酸型官能基に変換できる基の具体例としては、-SO2F、-SO2Cl、-SO2Brが挙げられる。
式(2-1) CF2=CF-O-Rf1-A
式(2-2) CF2=CF-Rf1-A
式(2-5) CF2=CF-(CF2)x-(OCF2CFY)y-O-(CF2)z-SO2F
式中のx、y、zおよびYの定義は、上述した通りである。
CF2=CF-O-(CF2)w-SO2F
CF2=CF-O-CF2CF(CF3)-O-(CF2)w-SO2F
CF2=CF-[O-CF2CF(CF3)]x-SO2F
CF2=CF-(CF2)w-SO2F
CF2=CF-CF2-O-(CF2)w-SO2F
含フッ素ポリマー(S’)の製造には、含フッ素オレフィンおよび含フッ素モノマー(S’)に加えて、さらに他のモノマーを用いてもよい。他のモノマーとしては、先に例示したものが挙げられる。
なかでも、前駆体膜とアルカリ性水溶液とを接触させる方法が好ましい。
アルカリ性水溶液の温度は、30~100℃が好ましく、40~100℃がより好ましい。前駆体膜とアルカリ性水溶液との接触時間は、3~150分が好ましく、5~50分がより好ましい。
アルカリ金属水酸化物としては、水酸化ナトリウムおよび水酸化カリウムが挙げられる。
本明細書において、水溶性有機溶剤とは、水に容易に溶解する有機溶剤であり、具体的には、水1000ml(20℃)に対する溶解性が、0.1g以上の有機溶剤が好ましく、0.5g以上の有機溶剤がより好ましい。水溶性有機溶剤は、非プロトン性有機溶剤、アルコール類およびアミノアルコール類からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むのが好ましく、非プロトン性有機溶剤を含むのがより好ましい。
水溶性有機溶剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
アルコール類の具体例としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、メトキシエトキシエタノール、ブトキシエタノール、ブチルカルビトール、ヘキシルオキシエタノール、オクタノール、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール、エチレングリコールが挙げられる。
アミノアルコール類の具体例としては、エタノールアミン、N-メチルエタノールアミン、N-エチルエタノールアミン、1-アミノ-2-プロパノール、1-アミノ-3-プロパノール、2-アミノエトキシエタノール、2-アミノチオエトキシエタノール、2-アミノ-2-メチル-1-プロパノールが挙げられる。
水溶性有機溶剤の含有量は、アルカリ性水溶液中、1~60質量%が好ましく、3~55質量%がより好ましい。
水の濃度は、アルカリ性水溶液中、39~80質量%が好ましい。
前駆体膜と酸性水溶液とを接触させる方法の具体例としては、前駆体膜を酸性水溶液中に浸漬する方法、前駆体膜の表面に酸性水溶液をスプレー塗布する方法が挙げられる。
酸性水溶液は、酸成分および水を含むのが好ましい。
酸成分の具体例としては、塩酸、硫酸が挙げられる。
積層体の製造方法としては、例えば、剥離性基材の離型層側に固体高分子電解質膜が対向するように、剥離性基材と固体高分子電解質膜とを熱圧着する方法が挙げられる。熱圧着する際には、ロール・トゥ・ロール方式にて熱ロールプレスを用いて熱圧着を行ってもよい。
熱ロールプレスを用いて熱圧着する際のロールの温度は60~200℃が好ましく、90~170℃がより好ましい。
本発明の積層体を巻回することにより、ロール体が得られる。ロール体の形態とすることにより、運搬などの取り扱いが容易となる。
積層体を巻回する際には、必要に応じて、巻き芯に積層体を巻き付けてもよい。
本発明の積層体は、各種用途に用いることができる。例えば、膜電極接合体を形成するために用いられる。より具体的には、積層体中の固体高分子電解質膜上に触媒層を形成して、剥離性基材を剥離し、露出した固体高分子電解質膜の表面にさらに触媒層を形成して、膜電極接合体を形成できる。
なお、触媒層の製造方法は、触媒層形成用塗工液を所定の位置に塗布して、必要に応じて乾燥させる方法が挙げられる。触媒層形成用塗工液は、イオン交換基を有するポリマーおよび触媒を分散媒に分散させた液である。
[膜厚]
固体高分子電解質膜の平均最大膜厚TAAVE、平均最小膜厚TBAVE、および、(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2は、上述の固体高分子電解質膜の説明の欄に記載された方法に従って算出した。
乾燥窒素を流したグローブボックス中に含フッ素ポリマーを24時間おき、含フッ素ポリマーの乾燥質量を測定した。その後、含フッ素ポリマーを2モル/Lの塩化ナトリウム水溶液に60℃で1時間浸漬した。含フッ素ポリマーを超純水で洗浄した後、取り出し、含フッ素ポリマーを浸漬していた液を0.1モル/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で滴定することによって、含フッ素ポリマーのイオン交換容量(ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂)を求めた。
用いた織布原反を20×20cmサイズに裁断し、質量を測定した。上記測定を5回実施して、その平均値を基に、織布の目付量(g/m2)を求めた。
織布を構成する経糸および緯糸の密度は、以下の方法に従って算出した。経糸、緯糸それぞれについて、光学顕微鏡の観察像から、糸10本が構成される長さを5回測定した平均値を密度(本/インチ)に換算して算出した。
用いた織布原反を20×20cmサイズに裁断したサンプルを用いて、上述の織布の説明の欄に記載された方法に従って算出した。
織布を構成する経糸のデニール数および緯糸のデニール数は、以下の方法に従って算出した。ランダムに開口領域5か所を選択し、光学顕微鏡の観察像から開口割合を算出し、その平均値を開口率とした。
剥離性基材と固体高分子電解質膜との間の剥離力の測定を、JIS Z0237に準じて、テンシロン万能材料試験機RTF-2430(株式会社エー・アンド・デイ社製)を用いて、剥離角度180度、剥離速度300mm/min、試験片幅25mmm、試験片長さ50mmの条件にて、温度23℃、相対湿度50%の環境下で測定した。測定された剥離力を以下の基準に従って評価した。
「〇」:剥離力が0.1~3N/25mm
「△」:剥離力が3N/25mm超
「×」:剥離力が0.1N/25mm未満
なお、剥離力に関しては、剥離性基材からの固体高分子電解質膜の剥がれが生じにくい点から、0.1N/25mm以上が好ましい。
また、剥離力が強すぎると剥離性基材と固体高分子電解質膜との分離時に、固体高分子電解質膜の局所的な破断などが生じるおそれが高まることから、3N/25mm以下が好ましい。
円筒形のABSコア(株式会社昭和丸筒社製、外径88.5mm、内径76.5mm、幅300mm)に、幅280mmの各例で得られた積層体を0.6m巻き付け、さらに二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、メリネックス(登録商標)、厚み0.1mm、幅280mm)の一端を巻き付けられた積層体の一端と接続した後、二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルムをさらに巻き付けて、100m巻き付けロール体を得た。つまり、二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルムを巻いたことで、総長さ100mの積層体の巻き取りを模擬した。積層体の一端と二軸延伸ポリエチレンフィルムの一端との接続は、耐熱ポリイミドテープ(スリーエムジャパン株式会社製、5412 幅19mm)にて行った。巻き取り張力は30N/全幅を基準とした。得られたロール体を1ヶ月間宙吊り保管した後、ロール体から二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルムを巻き出した後、積層体を巻き出す際に、巻き出し性を以下の基準に従って評価した。
「○」:固体高分子電解質膜と剥離性基材とが剥がれることなく巻き出すことができる。
「×」:固体高分子電解質膜と剥離性基材とが局所的に剥がれ、巻き出しが安定しない。
なお、後述するように、積層体をABSコアに巻き付ける際には、積層体中の固体高分子電解質膜が剥離性基材よりも外側になるように外巻きするサンプルと、積層体中の固体高分子電解質膜が剥離性基材よりも内側になるように内巻きするサンプルとの2種を用意して、上記評価を実施した。
CF2=CF2と下記式(Y)で表されるモノマー(Y)とを共重合して、含フッ素ポリマー(S’-1)(イオン交換容量:1.25ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂)を得た。
CF2=CF-O-CF2CF(CF3)-O-CF2CF2-SO2F・・・(Y)
CF2=CF2と上記式(Y)で表されるモノマー(Y)とを共重合して、含フッ素ポリマー(S’-2)(イオン交換容量:1.00ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂)を得た。
同様に、[含フッ素ポリマー(S’-2)の製造]中に記載のイオン交換容量は、含フッ素ポリマー(S’-2)を後述する手順で加水分解した際に得られる含フッ素ポリマーのイオン交換容量を表す。
直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン(LLDPE)フィルム(融点:110~120℃、厚み:0.1mm)からなる基材上に、溶融押し出し法によって含フッ素ポリマー(S’-1)を付着させて、含フッ素ポリマー(S’-1)からなるフィルムα1(膜厚:30μm)が基材上に形成されたフィルム付き基材Y1を得た。
二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、メリネックス(登録商標)、厚み:0.1mm、幅:400mm)からなる基材上に、溶融押し出し法によって含フッ素ポリマー(S’-1)を付着させて、含フッ素ポリマー(S’-1)からなるフィルムα2(膜厚:60μm)が基材上に形成されたフィルム付き基材Y2を得た。
二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、メリネックス(登録商標)、厚み:0.1mm、幅:400mm)からなる基材上に、溶融押し出し法によって含フッ素ポリマー(S’-2)を付着させて、含フッ素ポリマー(S’-2)からなるフィルムα3(膜厚:60μm)が基材上に形成されたフィルム付き基材Y3を得た。
二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、メリネックス(登録商標)、厚み:0.1mm、幅:400mm)からなる基材上に、溶融押し出し法によって含フッ素ポリマー(S’-2)を付着させて、含フッ素ポリマー(S’-2)からなるフィルムα4(膜厚:80μm)が基材上に形成されたフィルム付き基材Y4を得た。
二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、メリネックス(登録商標)、厚み:0.1mm、幅:400mm)からなる基材上に、溶融押し出し法によって含フッ素ポリマー(S’-2)を付着させて、含フッ素ポリマー(S’-2)からなるフィルムα5(膜厚:115μm)が基材上に形成されたフィルム付き基材Y5を得た。
二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、メリネックス(登録商標)、厚み:0.1mm、幅:400mm)からなる基材上に、溶融押し出し法によって含フッ素ポリマー(S’-1)を付着させて、含フッ素ポリマー(S’-1)からなるフィルムα6(膜厚:130μm)が基材上に形成されたフィルム付き基材Y6を得た。
PFAからなる18.6デニールの糸を経糸および緯糸に用い、PFA糸の密度が100本/インチとなるように平織して織布A1を得た。織布A1の目付量は、16.3g/m2であった。織布A1の開口率は、74.3%であった。
なお、経糸および緯糸は、スリットヤーンで構成されていた。
なお、糸Aおよび糸Bは、モノフィラメントで構成されていた。
また、経糸および緯糸を構成する材質の種類およびデニール、ならびに、織布の密度、目付量および開口率が表1の記載の値になるように変更した以外は、織布A1の製造と同様にして、織布A2を製造した。
主剤:LX-75A(DICグラフィックス株式会社製)、硬化剤:KW-75(DICグラフィックス株式会社製)、および、希釈剤:酢酸エチルを、60質量部/10質量部/60質量部の分量にて混合して、接着剤を調製した。
次に、支持体である二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、メリネックス(登録商標)、厚み:50μm、160℃における弾性率:40MPa)上に溶質として2g/m2となるように、上記接着剤を塗布した。
上記接着剤の溶媒を乾燥炉で蒸発させ形成された接着層上に、ドライラミネート機にてLDPEフィルム(タマポリ製、AJ-1、厚み:50μm、160℃における弾性率:0MPa)を積層して離型層を形成し、剥離性基材1を製造した。この時、LDPEフィルムのコロナ処理面側が支持体上に形成された接着層に貼り合わせる向きとした。
LDPEフィルム(タマポリ製、AJ-1)の代わりにLLDPE(低密度ポリエチレンフィルム(タマポリ製、M-6)、厚み:100μm、160℃における弾性率:0MPa)を用いて、剥離性基材1の製造手順と同様の手順に従って、剥離性基材2を製造した。
剥離性基材2中の支持体の離型層を積層していない面に、ETFE(テトラフルオロエチレン・エチレン共重合体、片面梨地フィルム(AGC社製、50HK)、厚み:50μm、160℃における弾性率:48MPa)を用いて、剥離性基材1の製造手順と同様の手順に従って、ETFEと剥離性基材2とが接着層を介して積層されてなる剥離性基材3を製造した。この時、ETFEフィルムの鏡面、かつ、コロナ処理面側が支持体上に形成された接着層に貼り合わせる向きとした。
[剥離性基材4の製造]
二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、メリネックス(登録商標)、厚み:188μm、160℃における弾性率:40MPa)を支持体とし、LLDPE(低密度ポリエチレンフィルム(タマポリ製、M-6)、厚み:60μm、160℃における弾性率:0MPa)を離型層とし、支持体の離型層を積層していない面に、ETFE(テトラフルオロエチレン・エチレン共重合体、片面梨地フィルム(AGC社製、30HK)、厚み:30μm、160℃における弾性率:48MPa)を巻き出し性向上層とし、剥離性基材1の製造手順と同様の手順に従って、それぞれ接着層を介して積層後に、離型層のLLDPE面に42ダインのコロナ処理を行い、剥離性基材4を製造した。この時、ETFEフィルムの鏡面、かつ、コロナ処理面側が支持体上に形成された接着層に貼り合わせる向きとした。
フィルム付き基材Y1/織布A1/フィルム付き基材Y1をこの順で重ね合わせた。なお、フィルム付き基材Y1におけるフィルムα1が織布A1と接触するようにフィルム付き基材Y1を配置した。
重ね合わせた各部材を温度:160℃、面圧:30MPa/m2の平板プレス機にて10分間加熱圧着した後、両面の基材を温度50℃で剥離して、前駆体膜を得た。
固体高分子電解質膜1の平均最大膜厚TAAVEは91μmであり、平均最小膜厚TBAVEは60μmであり、(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2は15.5μmであった。
なお、金属ロールに圧着するゴムロールの面圧は200N/cmであり、金属ロールとゴムロールの温度は160℃であり、搬送速度は10cm/minであった。
剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材2を用いた以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体2を得た。
剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材3を用いた以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体3を得た。
剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材3を用い、織布A1の代わりに織布A2を用いた以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体4を得た。
フィルム付き基材Y1の代わりにフィルム付き基材Y2を用い、剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材3を用いた以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体5を得た。
フィルム付き基材Y1の代わりにフィルム付き基材Y2を用い、剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材3を用い、織布A1の代わりに織布A2を用いた以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体6を得た。
フィルム付き基材Y1の代わりにフィルム付き基材Y3を用い、剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材3を用いた以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体7を得た。
フィルム付き基材Y1の代わりにフィルム付き基材Y4を用い、剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材3を用い、織布A1の代わりに織布A2を用いた以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体8を得た。
フィルム付き基材Y1の代わりにフィルム付き基材Y5を用い、剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材3を用い、織布A1の代わりに織布A2を用いた以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体9を得た。
[例10]
フィルム付き基材Y1の代わりにフィルム付き基材Y2を用い、剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材4を用い、熱ロールプレス装置の金属ロールの温度は130℃、ゴムロールの温度は90℃とした以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体10を得た。
フィルム付き基材Y6から基材を剥離して得られるフィルムを前駆体膜として用いて固体高分子電解質膜10を製造し、固体高分子電解質膜1のかわりに固体高分子電解質膜10を用い、剥離性基材1の代わりに剥離性基材3を用いた以外は、例1と同様の手順に従って、積層体10を得た。
積層体10中の固体高分子電解質膜10は、織布を含んでいなかった。
表1中の「織布」欄の「有無」欄は、固体高分子電解質膜が織布を含むか否かを示し、「有」は織布を含むことを、「無」は織布を含まないことを示す。
表1中の「剥離性基材」欄の「種類」欄は、各例で使用した剥離性基材の種類を表し、「1」~「4」はそれぞれ剥離性基材1~4を表す。
なお、例11では巻き出し性の評価が「×」であったため、密着性の評価を実施しなかったため「-」と示す。
12 剥離性基材
14 固体高分子電解質膜
16 支持体
18 離型層
19 巻き出し性向上層
20 電解質
22 織布
22a,22b,22c 糸B
22A,22B,22C 糸A
Claims (14)
- 支持体と離型層とを含む剥離性基材と、
前記剥離性基材中の前記離型層上に配置された、固体高分子電解質膜とを含み、
前記固体高分子電解質膜が、イオン交換基を有する含フッ素ポリマー、および、織布を含む、積層体。 - 前記含フッ素ポリマーのイオン交換容量が0.90~2.00ミリ当量/グラム乾燥樹脂である、請求項1に記載の積層体。
- 前記織布が、一方の方向に延びる糸Aと、糸Aに略直交する方向に延びる糸Bと、から構成され、
前記織布の開口率が50%以上である、請求項1または2に記載の積層体。 - 前記糸Aのデニール数および前記糸Bのデニール数が、それぞれ独立に、15~50である、請求項3に記載の積層体。
- 前記糸Aおよび前記糸Bが、それぞれ独立に、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン-パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、および、ポリフェニレンサルファイドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の材料から構成される、請求項3に記載の積層体。
- 前記糸Aおよび前記糸Bの密度が、それぞれ独立に、70~150本/インチである、請求項3に記載の積層体。
- 前記イオン交換基が、スルホン酸型官能基である、請求項1または2に記載の積層体。
- 前記含フッ素ポリマーが、含フッ素オレフィンに基づく単位と、スルホン酸型官能基およびフッ素原子を有する単位とを含む、請求項1または2に記載の積層体。
- 前記含フッ素オレフィンが、分子中に1個以上のフッ素原子を有する炭素数が2~3のフルオロオレフィンである、請求項8に記載の積層体。
- 前記スルホン酸型官能基およびフッ素原子を有する単位が、式(1)で表される単位である、請求項8に記載の積層体。
式(1) -[CF2-CF(-L-(SO3M)n)]-
Lはエーテル性酸素原子を含んでいてもよいn+1価のペルフルオロ炭化水素基であり、Mは水素原子、アルカリ金属または第4級アンモニウムカチオンであり、nは1または2である。 - 前記支持体の160℃における弾性率が、前記離型層の160℃における弾性率よりも大きい、請求項1または2に記載の積層体。
- 前記離型層の160℃における弾性率が、1MPa以下である、請求項1または2に記載の積層体。
- 前記織布が、一方の方向に延びる糸Aと、糸Aに略直交する方向に延びる糸Bと、から構成され、
前記固体高分子電解質膜中の前記糸Aが延びる方向に平行な方向であって、かつ、前記糸A同士の中間地点で、前記固体高分子電解質膜を切断した際の異なる10箇所の断面のそれぞれについて、前記固体高分子電解質膜の最大膜厚TAと最小膜厚TBとを測定し、
さらに、前記固体高分子電解質膜中の前記糸Bが延びる方向に平行な方向であって、かつ、前記糸B同士の中間地点で、前記固体高分子電解質膜を切断した際の異なる10箇所の断面のそれぞれについて、前記固体高分子電解質膜の最大膜厚TAと最小膜厚TBとを測定し、
得られた20個のTBを算術平均した平均最小膜厚TBAVEと、得られた20個のTAを算術平均した平均最大膜厚TAAVEとした際、前記平均最大膜厚TAAVEと前記平均最小膜厚TBAVEとが、以下の式(X)の関係を満たす、請求項1または2に記載の積層体。
式(X) 0.5μm≦(TAAVE-TBAVE)/2 - 請求項1または2に記載の積層体を巻回してなるロール体。
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| JP2019114504A (ja) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-11 | 旭化成株式会社 | 複合高分子電解質膜 |
| JP2020107430A (ja) | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用セルの接合体の製造装置 |
| JP2021152991A (ja) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の製造方法 |
| JP2022115790A (ja) | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-09 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 質量分析装置 |
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2023
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- 2023-07-12 WO PCT/JP2023/025700 patent/WO2024018962A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-07-12 EP EP23842886.6A patent/EP4560747A1/en active Pending
- 2023-07-12 CN CN202380054433.2A patent/CN119605003A/zh active Pending
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2025
- 2025-01-14 US US19/019,622 patent/US20250153457A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011222499A (ja) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-11-04 | Toray Ind Inc | 複合化高分子電解質膜およびその製造方法ならびに膜電極複合体の製造方法 |
| WO2015059848A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 燃料電池用の電解質膜およびその製造方法、並びに膜電極接合体および燃料電池 |
| WO2019088299A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Agc株式会社 | 固体高分子電解質膜、膜電極接合体および水電解装置 |
| JP2019114504A (ja) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-11 | 旭化成株式会社 | 複合高分子電解質膜 |
| JP2020107430A (ja) | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用セルの接合体の製造装置 |
| JP2021152991A (ja) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の製造方法 |
| JP2022115790A (ja) | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-09 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 質量分析装置 |
Also Published As
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| EP4560747A1 (en) | 2025-05-28 |
| US20250153457A1 (en) | 2025-05-15 |
| CN119605003A (zh) | 2025-03-11 |
| JPWO2024018962A1 (ja) | 2024-01-25 |
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