WO2024018765A1 - 共重合体、圧電材料、圧電膜および圧電素子 - Google Patents
共重合体、圧電材料、圧電膜および圧電素子 Download PDFInfo
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- the present invention relates to copolymers, piezoelectric materials, piezoelectric films, and piezoelectric elements. This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-115444 filed in Japan on July 20, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- PZT PbZrO 3 -PbTiO 3 -based solid solution
- PZT is a ceramic containing lead, it has the disadvantage of being brittle. For this reason, there is a demand for piezoelectric materials that have low environmental impact and are highly flexible.
- polymeric piezoelectric materials include ferroelectric polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer (P(VDF-TrFE)).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-TrFE vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer
- these ferroelectric polymers have insufficient heat resistance.
- conventional piezoelectric bodies made of ferroelectric polymers lose their piezoelectric properties and deteriorate their physical properties such as elastic modulus when exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, conventional piezoelectric elements having piezoelectric bodies made of ferroelectric polymers have a narrow usable temperature range.
- amorphous polymer piezoelectric material that acquires piezoelectricity by cooling while polarizing at a temperature near the glass transition temperature. Amorphous polymers lose their piezoelectric properties when the temperature approaches the glass transition temperature. Therefore, there is a need for an amorphous polymer piezoelectric material that has a high glass transition temperature and good heat resistance.
- An example of an amorphous polymeric piezoelectric material with a high glass transition temperature is vinylidene cyanide-vinyl acetate copolymer (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- vinylidene cyanide-vinyl acetate copolymer requires the use of vinylidene cyanide, which is difficult to handle, as a raw material monomer.
- vinylidene cyanide is easily homopolymerized by trace amounts of moisture in the atmosphere. For this reason, polymers using vinylidene cyanide as a raw material monomer have large variations during production, making it difficult to use them as amorphous polymeric piezoelectric materials.
- a polymer using 2-fluoroacrylonitrile as a raw material monomer having a nitrile group like vinylidene cyanide is known (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- 2-Fluoroacrylonitrile has good stability.
- conventional polymers using 2-fluoroacrylonitrile as a raw material monomer had a low glass transition point and insufficient heat resistance.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a copolymer that can be used as a piezoelectric material from which a piezoelectric film with high heat resistance and piezoelectric properties can be obtained.
- a copolymer according to one embodiment of the present invention is a copolymer having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (2).
- R 1 is any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a dimethyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group
- R 2 is is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, or R 1 and R 2 together with an oxazolidinone ring form a benzoxazolidinone skeleton.
- the copolymer of the present invention has a structural unit represented by general formula (1) and a structural unit represented by formula (2). Therefore, the copolymer of the present invention can be used as a piezoelectric material from which a piezoelectric film with high heat resistance and piezoelectric properties can be obtained. Furthermore, since the piezoelectric material of the present invention contains the copolymer of the present invention, a piezoelectric film with high heat resistance and piezoelectric properties can be obtained. Moreover, the piezoelectric film of the present invention contains the copolymer of the present invention. Therefore, the piezoelectric film of the present invention and the piezoelectric element of the present invention having the piezoelectric film of the present invention have excellent heat resistance and piezoelectric properties.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR measurement chart of Example 3.
- FIG. 2 is a 19 F-NMR measurement chart of Example 3.
- FIG. 3 is a 1 H-NMR measurement chart of Example 8.
- FIG. 4 is a 19 F-NMR measurement chart of Example 8.
- the present inventors focused on a polymer using a stable monomer having a nitrile group (-C ⁇ N) as a raw material monomer, and conducted extensive research. As a result, it was found that a copolymer having a structural unit containing an oxazolidinone skeleton and a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile serves as a piezoelectric material from which a piezoelectric film with good heat resistance and piezoelectric properties can be obtained.
- the structural unit containing the highly polar oxazolidinone skeleton disrupts the ordered structure that can be formed by the nitrile groups, which are polar groups derived from acrylonitrile, and the nitrile groups become polar to each other. It is presumed that this is because it becomes difficult to orient so as to cancel each other out.
- the present inventors focused on the dipole moment of a copolymer having a structural unit containing an oxazolidinone skeleton and a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile, and improved the piezoelectric properties of a piezoelectric film containing the above copolymer. In order to further improve it, we have repeatedly considered it. However, it has been difficult to improve the piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric films containing this copolymer for the following reasons.
- the nitrile groups contained in the structural units derived from acrylonitrile in the above-mentioned copolymer must not be oriented so as to cancel out their dipole moments. It is desirable to do so.
- polymers using acrylonitrile as a raw material monomer have low dipole moment symmetry with respect to the polymer main chain direction.
- the present inventors developed a polymer using a raw material monomer that is a stable monomer having a nitrile group and that can yield a polymer with high dipole moment symmetry with respect to the polymer main chain direction. , after repeated consideration. As a result, it was found that a copolymer having a specific structural unit containing an oxazolidinone skeleton and a structural unit derived from 2-fluoroacrylonitrile may be used.
- the above copolymer has a nitrile group and a fluoro group contained in the structural unit derived from 2-fluoroacrylonitrile, the dipole moment has high symmetry with respect to the polymer main chain direction. Therefore, in the above copolymer, cancellation of dipole moments is suppressed, and high polarity can be exhibited. From this, the piezoelectric film using the above copolymer has better performance compared to the case where a copolymer having a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile instead of the structural unit derived from 2-fluoroacrylonitrile is used. It is presumed that piezoelectric properties can be obtained.
- the present inventors have produced a copolymer (polymer) having a specific structural unit containing an oxazolidinone skeleton and a structural unit derived from 2-fluoroacrylonitrile, and that the heat resistance thereof is good. It was confirmed that a piezoelectric film using this material as a piezoelectric material had good piezoelectric properties, and the present invention was conceived.
- the present inventors used as a raw material monomer, instead of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile, the fluoro group (-F) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile was used as a raw material monomer, such as a chloro group (-Cl), a bromo group (- Br), iodo group (-I)) was considered.
- a compound in which the fluoro group of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile is another halogeno group with a compound in which a vinyl group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the oxazolidinone skeleton it has been difficult to copolymerize a compound in which the fluoro group of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile is another halogeno group with a compound in which a vinyl group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the oxazolidinone skeleton.
- R 1 is any one selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a dimethyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group
- R 2 is is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, or R 1 and R 2 together with an oxazolidinone ring form a benzoxazolidinone skeleton.
- a piezoelectric material comprising the copolymer according to any one of [1] to [3].
- a piezoelectric film comprising the copolymer according to any one of [1] to [3].
- a piezoelectric element comprising the piezoelectric film according to [5], and electrodes respectively disposed on one surface and the other surface of the piezoelectric film.
- the copolymer (polymer) of this embodiment has a structural unit represented by general formula (1) and a structural unit represented by formula (2).
- R 1 is selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a dimethyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group. Any one of them, R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the copolymer of this embodiment can be easily produced because R 1 and R 2 of the structural unit represented by formula (1) are as described above. Furthermore, since R 1 and R 2 of the structural unit represented by formula (1) are as described above, the copolymer of this embodiment can be used as a material for a piezoelectric film having good heat resistance and piezoelectric properties.
- R 1 and R 2 of the structural units represented by formula (1) do not have polarity, they are preferably small in volume. This is because the proportion of the volume of the polar portion in the entire copolymer is relatively increased, which contributes to improving the piezoelectric properties of the piezoelectric film using this.
- R 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom
- R 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom and R 2 is a methyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 may form a benzoxazolidinone skeleton together with an oxazolidinone ring.
- R 1 and R 2 of the structural units represented by formula (1) in the copolymer of this embodiment form a benzoxazolidinone skeleton together with the oxazolidinone ring, it can be easily produced and has excellent heat resistance and piezoelectric properties. It can be used as a good piezoelectric film material.
- the copolymer of this embodiment there is no particular restriction on the arrangement order of the structural unit represented by formula (1) and the structural unit represented by formula (2), which are repeating units. Furthermore, in the copolymer of this embodiment, the number of structural units represented by formula (1) and the number of structural units represented by formula (2) may be the same or different. Good too. Therefore, the copolymer of the present embodiment has an alternating arrangement portion in which structural units represented by formula (1) and structural units represented by formula (2) are arranged alternately, and a structure represented by formula (1). A random arrangement part in which units and structural units represented by formula (2) are arranged in a disordered manner, a part in which structural units represented by formula (1) are consecutively arranged, and a structural unit represented by formula (2) The blocks may be distributed in any ratio.
- the copolymer of this embodiment is a piezoelectric material with good heat resistance and piezoelectric properties because the fluoro groups and nitrile groups contained in the structural unit represented by formula (2) are difficult to orient so as to cancel each other's polarity. It is preferable to include alternating arrangement portions, since it can be used as a wafer.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (1) is preferably 10 to 80 mol%, more preferably 20 to 70 mol%, and 30 to 60 mol%. % is more preferable.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (1) is 10 mol% or more, the copolymer has even better heat resistance.
- the piezoelectric film containing the copolymer becomes hard due to the content of the structural unit represented by formula (1) being too large. It can prevent it from becoming brittle.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (1) is 80 mol % or less, a decrease in insulation resistance of the copolymer due to moisture absorption of the structural unit represented by formula (1) can be suppressed.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) is preferably 10 to 80 mol%, more preferably 20 to 70 mol%, and 30 to 60 mol%. % is more preferable.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) is 10 mol % or more, the copolymer has high insulation resistance and can form a flexible piezoelectric film.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) is 80 mol% or less, the content of the structural unit represented by formula (1) can be easily ensured.
- the fluoro group and nitrile group contained in the structural unit represented by formula (2) are less likely to be oriented so as to cancel each other's polarity, and a copolymer that can form a piezoelectric film with better heat resistance and piezoelectric properties. becomes.
- the copolymer of this embodiment may contain one or more structural units other than the structural unit represented by formula (1) and the structural unit represented by formula (2), if necessary. Good too. Examples of other structural units include structural units derived from known monomers or oligomers having polymerizable unsaturated bonds such as acrylonitrile.
- the total content of the structural units represented by formula (1) and the structural units represented by formula (2) is 50% by mass or more. is preferable, more preferably 80% by mass or more, may be 90% by mass or more, and may consist only of the structural unit represented by formula (1) and the structural unit represented by formula (2). .
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer of this embodiment is preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer is 10,000 or more, film forming properties are good, and a piezoelectric film containing the copolymer of this embodiment can be easily manufactured.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer is 1,000,000 or less, it can be easily dissolved in a solvent, and a piezoelectric film can be easily manufactured using a coating liquid dissolved in a solvent.
- the copolymer of this embodiment includes, for example, a compound from which the structural unit represented by formula (1) is derived, a raw material monomer containing 2-fluoroacrylonitrile, and a polymerization initiator such as azobisbutyronitrile. It can be produced by a method of radical copolymerization using a known method. Polymerization conditions such as reaction temperature and reaction time when producing the copolymer of this embodiment can be determined as appropriate depending on the composition of the raw material monomers.
- the compound from which the structural unit represented by formula (1) is derived has the same oxazolidinone skeleton and atoms bonded to the carbon atoms of the oxazolidinone skeleton as the structural unit represented by formula (1), and It is a compound in which a vinyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom.
- the compounds from which the structural unit represented by formula (1) is derived include N-vinyl-oxazolidinone, N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone, N-vinyl-4-methyloxazolidinone, and N-vinyl-oxazolidinone.
- the piezoelectric material of this embodiment includes the copolymer of this embodiment.
- the number of copolymers of this embodiment contained in the piezoelectric material of this embodiment may be one type or two or more types.
- the piezoelectric material of this embodiment may contain one or more types of known polymers other than the copolymer of this embodiment together with the copolymer of this embodiment, if necessary.
- the piezoelectric film of this embodiment includes the copolymer of this embodiment.
- the piezoelectric film of this embodiment can be manufactured, for example, by the method shown below.
- the piezoelectric material of this embodiment containing the copolymer of this embodiment is dissolved in a known solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide to prepare a coating liquid.
- the coating liquid is applied to a releasable base material to a predetermined thickness to form a coating film.
- a known material such as one made of a resin film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- a known method for applying the coating liquid a known method can be used depending on the coating thickness, viscosity of the coating liquid, and the like.
- the coating film is dried to remove the solvent in the coating film to obtain a piezoelectric material sheet.
- the piezoelectric material sheet is peeled off from the base material, and electrodes made of a known conductive material such as aluminum are installed on one side and the other side of the piezoelectric material sheet, respectively, to form a piezoelectric material sheet.
- the piezoelectric material is cooled while the voltage is applied. This provides piezoelectricity.
- the electrode used to obtain piezoelectricity may be used as it is as a member forming a piezoelectric element, or may be removed.
- the piezoelectric element of this embodiment has the piezoelectric film of this embodiment and an electrode arranged on the surface of the piezoelectric film. Specifically, examples include those having a sheet-like piezoelectric film and electrodes arranged on one surface and the other surface of the piezoelectric film, respectively.
- a material for the electrode a known conductive material such as aluminum can be used.
- the piezoelectric element of this embodiment can be manufactured by, for example, providing electrodes on one surface and the other surface of a piezoelectric film by a known method such as a vapor deposition method.
- the copolymer of this embodiment has a structural unit represented by general formula (1) and a structural unit represented by formula (2). Therefore, the copolymer of this embodiment can be used as a piezoelectric material from which a piezoelectric film with high heat resistance and piezoelectric properties can be obtained. Moreover, since the piezoelectric material of this embodiment contains the copolymer of this embodiment, a piezoelectric film with high heat resistance and piezoelectric properties can be obtained. Further, the piezoelectric film of this embodiment includes the copolymer of this embodiment. Therefore, the piezoelectric film of this embodiment and the piezoelectric element of this embodiment having the piezoelectric film of this embodiment have excellent heat resistance and piezoelectric properties.
- Example 1 In a 100 ml Schlenk tube, 0.6 ml (4 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone represented by the following general formula (11) and 0.9 ml (12 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile were mixed, and 12.4 mg (0. 08 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was added, and the mixture was reacted at 60° C. for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 0.6 g of the polymer of Example 1 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 40%.
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom.
- the polymer of Example 1 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement using an NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) apparatus (trade name JNM-ECA500, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) using dimethyl sulfoxide d6 (DMSO-d6) as a solvent. and 19 F-NMR measurements were performed to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Example 1 has a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms) and a structural unit represented by formula (2). It was confirmed that it was a copolymer having a structural unit. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 1. As a result, the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 1 was 76%.
- Example 2 Mix 0.9 ml (4 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 0.4 ml (6 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and mix 7.8 mg (0.05 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 0.7 g of the polymer of Example 2 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 62%.
- the polymer of Example 2 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement and 19 F-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Example 2 like the polymer of Example 1, has a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms. ) and a structural unit represented by formula (2).
- the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 2.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 2 was 59%.
- Example 3 Mix 0.6 ml (6 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 0.4 ml (6 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and mix 9.1 mg (0.06 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 0.5 g of the polymer of Example 3 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 48%.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H-NMR measurement chart of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a 19 F-NMR measurement chart of Example 3.
- the polymer of Example 3 like the polymer of Example 1, has a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms. ) and a structural unit represented by formula (2). Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 3. As a result, the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 3 was 50%.
- Example 4 Mix 0.6 ml (6 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 0.3 ml (4 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and mix 7.9 mg (0.05 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol for reprecipitation, and 0.6 g of the polymer of Example 4 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 58%.
- the polymer of Example 4 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement and 19 F-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1, and the molecular structure was identified.
- the polymer of Example 4 like the polymer of Example 1, has a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms. ) and a structural unit represented by formula (2).
- the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 4.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 4 was 41%.
- Example 5 Mix 0.6 ml (12 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 0.4 ml (6 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 9 mg (0.05 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. The mixture was reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol for reprecipitation, and 0.7 g of the polymer of Example 5 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 59%.
- the polymer of Example 5 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement and 19 F-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Example 5 like the polymer of Example 1, has a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms. ) and a structural unit represented by formula (2).
- the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 5.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 5 was 25%.
- Example 6 In a 100 ml Schlenk tube, add 0.9 ml (8 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone (a compound in which R 2 in general formula (11) is a methyl group) and 0.3 ml (4 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile. 10.3 mg (0.06 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was added, and the mixture was reacted at 60° C. for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 0.7 g of the polymer of Example 6 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 56%.
- the polymer of Example 6 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement and 19 F-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Example 6 had a structural unit represented by the general formula (1) (R 1 in the general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom, and R 2 is a methyl group), and a structural unit represented by the formula It was confirmed that it was a copolymer having the structural unit shown in (2). Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 6. As a result, the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 6 was 74%.
- Example 7 Mix 0.7 ml (6 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone and 0.3 ml (4 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 8.3 mg (0.05 mmol) of azobisiso Butyronitrile was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 0.8 g of the polymer of Example 7 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 56%.
- the polymer of Example 7 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement and 19 F-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1, and the molecular structure was identified.
- the polymer of Example 7 like the polymer of Example 6, had a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 in general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom, R 2 is , a methyl group) and a structural unit represented by formula (2).
- the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 7.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 7 was 65%.
- Example 8 Mix 0.5 ml (4 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone and 0.3 ml (4 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 6.2 mg (0.04 mmol) of azobisiso Butyronitrile was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol for reprecipitation, and 0.6 g of the polymer of Example 8 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 76%.
- Example 8 The polymer of Example 8 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement and 19 F-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- FIG. 3 is a 1 H-NMR measurement chart of Example 8.
- FIG. 4 is a 19 F-NMR measurement chart of Example 8.
- the polymer of Example 8 like the polymer of Example 6, had a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 in general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom, R 2 is , a methyl group) and a structural unit represented by formula (2).
- the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 8.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 8 was 53%.
- Example 9 Mix 0.4 ml (3 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone and 0.3 ml (4 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 5.5 mg (0.03 mmol) of azobisiso Butyronitrile was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 0.4 g of the polymer of Example 9 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 57%.
- the polymer of Example 9 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement and 19 F-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1, and the molecular structure was identified.
- the polymer of Example 9 like the polymer of Example 6, had a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 in general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom, R 2 is , a methyl group) and a structural unit represented by formula (2).
- the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 9.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 9 was 38%.
- Example 10 Mix 0.5 ml (4 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone and 0.6 ml (8 mmol) of 2-fluoroacrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 4.4 mg (0.03 mmol) of azobisiso Butyronitrile was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 0.6 g of the polymer of Example 10 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 51%.
- the polymer of Example 10 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement and 19 F-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1, and the molecular structure was identified.
- the polymer of Example 10 like the polymer of Example 6, had a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 in general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom, R 2 is , a methyl group) and a structural unit represented by formula (2).
- the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum and 19 F-NMR spectrum of Example 10.
- the content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer of Example 10 was 24%.
- Comparative Example 1 Polyacrylonitrile (trade name 181315, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the polymer in Comparative Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 Poly(acrylonitrile-CO-methylacrylate) (trade name 517941, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the polymer in Comparative Example 2.
- “Comparative Example 3” Mix 0.4 ml (4 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 1.2 ml (16 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 11.5 mg (0.07 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. , and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol for reprecipitation, and 1.1 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 3 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 78%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 3 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 3 contained a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms) and a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that the copolymer had the following properties. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 3. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 3 was 70%.
- “Comparative Example 4” Mix 0.4 ml (4 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 0.6 ml (9 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 7.8 mg (0.05 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. , and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 0.7 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 4 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 70%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 4 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 4 contained a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms) and a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that the copolymer had the following properties. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 4. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 4 was 59%.
- “Comparative Example 5” Mix 0.4 ml (4 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 0.4 ml (7 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 6.8 mg (0.04 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. , and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol for reprecipitation, and 0.5 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 5 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 68%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 5 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 5 contained a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms) and a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that the copolymer had the following properties. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 5. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 5 was 49%.
- “Comparative Example 6” Mix 0.4 ml (4 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 0.3 ml (4 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 5.9 mg (0.04 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. , and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was reprecipitated by pouring it into 200 ml of methanol, and 0.6 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 6 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 87%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 6 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 6 contained a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms) and a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that the copolymer had the following properties. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 6. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 6 was 24%.
- “Comparative Example 7” Mix 1.2 ml (12 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 0.1 ml (2 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and add 0.9 mg (0.03 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. , and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol for reprecipitation, and 4.5 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 7 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 73%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 7 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 7 contained a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 and R 2 in general formula (1) are hydrogen atoms) and a structural unit derived from acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that the copolymer had the following properties. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 7. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 7 was 14%.
- “Comparative Example 8” Mix 0.5 ml (4 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone (a compound in which R 2 in general formula (11) is a methyl group) and 1.0 ml (16 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube. Then, 10.7 mg (0.07 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was added, and the mixture was reacted at 60° C. for 2 hours. The reaction product was reprecipitated by adding it to 200 ml of methanol, and 0.9 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 8 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 68%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 8 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 8 contained a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 in general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom and R 2 is a methyl group) and acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that it is a copolymer having a structural unit derived from. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 8. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 8 was 76%.
- “Comparative Example 9” Mix 0.9 ml (8 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone and 1.0 ml (16 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and mix 9.8 mg (0.05 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 1.2 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 9 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 69%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 9 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 9 contained a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 in general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom and R 2 is a methyl group) and acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that it is a copolymer having a structural unit derived from.
- the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 9. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 9 was 57%.
- “Comparative Example 10” Mix 1.4 ml (12 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone and 1.0 ml (16 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and mix 10.8 mg (0.07 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was reprecipitated by adding it to 200 ml of methanol, and 1.5 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 10 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 67%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 10 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 10 contained a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 in general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom and R 2 is a methyl group) and acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that it is a copolymer having a structural unit derived from. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 10. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 10 was 44%.
- “Comparative Example 11” Mix 1.4 ml (12 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone and 0.8 ml (12 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and mix 9.1 mg (0.06 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was poured into 200 ml of methanol to perform reprecipitation, and 1.3 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 11 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 60%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 11 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 11 contained a structural unit represented by general formula (1) (R 1 in general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom and R 2 is a methyl group) and acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that it is a copolymer having a structural unit derived from. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 11. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 11 was 28%.
- “Comparative Example 12” Mix 1.4 ml (12 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone and 0.4 ml (6 mmol) of acrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and mix 14.8 mg (0.09 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. The reaction product was reprecipitated by adding it to 200 ml of methanol, and 1.1 g of the polymer of Comparative Example 12 was obtained by filtering and drying. The yield was 60%.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 12 was subjected to 1 H-NMR measurement in the same manner as the polymer of Example 1 to identify the molecular structure.
- the polymer of Comparative Example 12 contained a structural unit represented by the general formula (1) (R 1 in the general formula (1) is a hydrogen atom, and R 2 is a methyl group) and acrylonitrile. It was confirmed that it is a copolymer having a structural unit derived from. Further, the composition ratio was calculated from the integral value of each signal in the 1 H-NMR spectrum of Comparative Example 12. As a result, the content of structural units derived from acrylonitrile contained in the polymer of Comparative Example 12 was 13%.
- “Comparative Example 13” Mix 0.7 ml (8 mmol) of N-vinyl-oxazolidinone and 0.6 ml (8 mmol) of 2-chloroacrylonitrile in a 100 ml Schlenk tube, and mix 12.2 mg (0.07 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile. was added and reacted at 60°C for 2 hours. However, 2-chloroacrylonitrile decomposed during the reaction and no polymer was obtained.
- “Comparative Example 14” In a 100 ml Schlenk tube, add 0.9 ml (8 mmol) of N-vinyl-5-methyloxazolidinone (a compound in which R 2 in general formula (11) is a methyl group) and 0.6 ml (8 mmol) of 2-chloroacrylonitrile. 13.5 mg (0.08 mmol) of azobisisobutyronitrile was added, and the mixture was reacted at 60° C. for 2 hours. However, 2-chloroacrylonitrile decomposed during polymerization and no polymer was obtained.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of each of the polymers of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 was measured by the method shown below. The results are shown in Table 1. (Method for measuring glass transition temperature (Tg)) Using a high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimeter (trade name, DSC6200, manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.), under a nitrogen atmosphere, the temperature was increased from 30°C to 200°C at a rate of 20°C per minute, and the temperature was decreased at a rate of 40°C per minute. The temperature was raised and lowered from 200°C to 30°C at a heating rate of 20°C per minute, and the inflection point at the second temperature rise was determined, which was defined as the glass transition temperature (Tg).
- Tg glass transition temperature
- piezoelectric films were manufactured by the method shown below using the polymers of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 as piezoelectric materials, and the piezoelectric constant d33 was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a piezoelectric material was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent to prepare a 20% by mass polymer solution (coating solution).
- the obtained polymer solution was applied onto a PET film (trade name, Lumirror (registered trademark), manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) as a base material so that the thickness after drying was 50 ⁇ m to form a coating film. did. Thereafter, the coating film formed on the PET film was dried on a hot plate at 120° C. for 6 hours to remove the solvent in the coating film and obtain a piezoelectric material sheet.
- the obtained piezoelectric material sheet was peeled off from the PET film, and electrodes made of aluminum were provided on one surface and the other surface of the piezoelectric material sheet, respectively, by a vapor deposition method. Thereafter, a high voltage power supply device HARB-20R60 (manufactured by Matsusada Precision Co., Ltd.) was electrically connected to the electrodes of the piezoelectric material sheet, and the temperature was maintained at 140° C. for 15 minutes while an electric field of 100 MV/m was applied. Thereafter, the piezoelectric material sheet was slowly cooled to room temperature while the voltage was being applied, and a poling treatment was performed to obtain a sheet-like piezoelectric film.
- HARB-20R60 manufactured by Matsusada Precision Co., Ltd.
- the piezoelectric film was attached to the measuring device using a pin with a tip diameter of 1.5 mm as a sample fixing jig.
- a piezometer system PM200 manufactured by PIEZOTEST was used as a measuring device for the piezoelectric constant d33.
- the actual value of the piezoelectric constant d33 is a positive value or a negative value depending on the front and back sides of the piezoelectric film being measured. In this specification, the absolute value of the actually measured value is described as the value of the piezoelectric constant d33.
- the polymers of Examples 1 to 10 have higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) and better heat resistance than the polymers of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. was confirmed. Further, all of the polymers of Examples 1 to 10 had sufficiently high glass transition temperatures (Tg) and good heat resistance.
- the piezoelectric films of Examples 1 to 10 containing the polymers of Examples 1 to 10 are the piezoelectric films of Comparative Example 1 containing the polymer of Comparative Example 1, and the piezoelectric films of Comparative Example 2 containing the polymers of Comparative Example 1.
- the piezoelectric constant d33 was higher and the piezoelectric properties were good.
- all of the piezoelectric films containing polymers of Examples 1 to 10 had a higher piezoelectric constant d33 and better piezoelectric properties than the piezoelectric films containing polymers of Comparative Examples 3 to 12. there were.
- the piezoelectric films of Examples 3 to 5, Examples 8 and 9 containing polymers having a content of 30 to 60 mol% of the structural unit represented by formula (2) had a structure represented by formula (1).
- the piezoelectric constant d33 is higher than a piezoelectric film containing a polymer having the same unit R 2 and having a content of the structural unit represented by formula (2) of less than 30 mol% or more than 60 mol%, The piezoelectric properties were good.
- a piezoelectric material from which a piezoelectric film with high heat resistance and piezoelectric properties can be obtained.
- a piezoelectric film with high heat resistance and piezoelectric properties can be provided.
- a piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric film having excellent heat resistance and piezoelectric properties can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2022年7月20日に、日本に出願された特願2022-115444号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、耐熱性および圧電特性の高い圧電膜の得られる圧電材料として使用できる共重合体を提供することを目的とする。
また、本発明は、本発明の共重合体を含む耐熱性および圧電特性の高い圧電膜、および本発明の圧電膜を有する耐熱性および圧電特性の高い圧電素子を提供することを目的とする。
本発明の一態様に係る共重合体は、下記一般式(1)で示される構造単位と、下記式(2)で示される構造単位とを有する共重合体である。
また、本発明の圧電材料は、本発明の共重合体を含むため、耐熱性および圧電特性の高い圧電膜の得られるものとなる。
また、本発明の圧電膜は、本発明の共重合体を含む。このため、本発明の圧電膜、および本発明の圧電膜を有する本発明の圧電素子は、耐熱性および圧電特性に優れる。
その結果、オキサゾリジノン骨格を含む構造単位と、アクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位とを有する共重合体が、耐熱性および圧電特性の良好な圧電膜の得られる圧電材料となることが分かった。この理由は、上記の共重合体においては、極性の高いオキサゾリジノン骨格を含む構造単位によって、アクリロニトリルに由来する極性基であるニトリル基が形成しうる秩序構造が乱されて、ニトリル基が互いに極性を打ち消しあうように配向しにくくなるためであると推定される。
その結果、オキサゾリジノン骨格を含む特定の構造単位と、2-フルオロアクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位とを有する共重合体とすればよいことを見出した。
[1] 下記一般式(1)で示される構造単位と、下記式(2)で示される構造単位とを有する共重合体。
[3] 前記式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量が、10~80モル%である[1]または[2]に記載の共重合体。
[5] [1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の共重合体を含む圧電膜。
[6] [5]に記載の圧電膜と、前記圧電膜の一方の面と他方の面とにそれぞれ配置された電極とを有する圧電素子。
[共重合体]
本実施形態の共重合体(高分子)は、一般式(1)で示される構造単位と、式(2)で示される構造単位とを有する。
本実施形態の共重合体中に含まれる構造単位のうち、式(1)で示される構造単位と、式(2)で示される構造単位との合計含有量は、50質量%以上であることが好ましく、80質量%以上であることがより好ましく、90質量%以上であってもよく、式(1)で示される構造単位と、式(2)で示される構造単位のみであってもよい。
本実施形態の共重合体は、例えば、式(1)で示される構造単位の由来となる化合物と、2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを含む原料モノマーと、アゾビスブチロニトリルなどの重合開始剤とを用いて、公知の方法によりラジカル共重合する方法により製造できる。
本実施形態の共重合体を製造する際における反応温度、反応時間などの重合条件は、原料モノマーの組成などに応じて、適宜決定できる。
式(1)で示される構造単位の由来となる化合物としては、具体的には、N-ビニル-オキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-4-メチルオキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-4,4-ジメチルオキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-4-エチルオキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-4-プロピルオキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-4-イソプロピルオキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-4-イソブチルオキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-4-フェニルオキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-4-ベンジルオキサゾリジノン、N-ビニル-2-ベンゾオキサゾリノンなどが挙げられ、目的物である本実施形態の共重合体の構造に応じて適宜決定される。
本実施形態の圧電材料は、本実施形態の共重合体を含む。本実施形態の圧電材料に含まれる本実施形態の共重合体は、1種のみであってもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。また、本実施形態の圧電材料は、必要に応じて、本実施形態の共重合体とともに、本実施形態の共重合体以外の公知の高分子を1種または2種以上含んでいてもよい。
本実施形態の圧電膜は、本実施形態の共重合体を含む。
本実施形態の圧電膜は、例えば、以下に示す方法により製造できる。本実施形態の共重合体を含む本実施形態の圧電材料を、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドなどの公知の溶媒に溶解して塗布液とする。次に、塗布液を剥離可能な基材上に所定の厚みで塗布し、塗膜を形成する。基材としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)などの樹脂フィルムからなるものなど公知のものを用いることができる。塗布液の塗布方法は、塗布厚み、塗布液の粘度などに応じて、公知の方法を用いることができる。その後、塗膜を乾燥させて、塗膜中の溶媒を除去し、圧電材料シートとする。
圧電性を獲得するために使用した電極は、そのまま圧電素子を形成する部材として用いてもよいし、除去してもよい。
本実施形態の圧電素子は、本実施形態の圧電膜と、圧電膜の表面に配置された電極とを有する。具体的には、シート状の圧電膜と、圧電膜の一方の面と、他方の面とにそれぞれ配置された電極とを有するものが挙げられる。電極の材料としては、アルミニウムなど、公知の導電材料を用いることができる。
本実施形態の圧電素子は、例えば、圧電膜の一方の面と、他方の面とにそれぞれ、蒸着法など公知の方法により、電極を設けることにより製造できる。
また、本実施形態の圧電材料は、本実施形態の共重合体を含むため、耐熱性および圧電特性の高い圧電膜の得られるものとなる。
また、本実施形態の圧電膜は、本実施形態の共重合体を含む。このため、本実施形態の圧電膜、および本実施形態の圧電膜を有する本実施形態の圧電素子は、耐熱性および圧電特性に優れる。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.6ml(4mmol)の下記一般式(11)で示されるN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.9ml(12mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、12.4mg(0.08mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.6gの実施例1の高分子を得た。収率は40%であった。
その結果、実施例1の高分子は、一般式(1)で示される構造単位(一般式(1)におけるR1およびR2は、水素原子である。)と、式(2)で示される構造単位とを有する共重合体であることが確認できた。
また、実施例1の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例1の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は76%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.9ml(4mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.4ml(6mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、7.8mg(0.05mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.7gの実施例2の高分子を得た。収率は62%であった。
また、実施例2の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例2の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は59%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.6ml(6mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.4ml(6mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、9.1mg(0.06mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.5gの実施例3の高分子を得た。収率は48%であった。
その結果、実施例3の高分子は、実施例1の高分子と同様に、一般式(1)で示される構造単位(一般式(1)におけるR1およびR2は、水素原子である。)と、式(2)で示される構造単位とを有する共重合体であることが確認できた。
また、実施例3の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例3の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は50%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.6ml(6mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.3ml(4mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、7.9mg(0.05mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.6gの実施例4の高分子を得た。収率は58%であった。
また、実施例4の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例4の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は41%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.6ml(12mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.4ml(6mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、9mg(0.05mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.7gの実施例5の高分子を得た。収率は59%であった。
また、実施例5の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例5の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は25%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.9ml(8mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノン(一般式(11)におけるR2が、メチル基である化合物)と、0.3ml(4mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、10.3mg(0.06mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.7gの実施例6の高分子を得た。収率は56%であった。
また、実施例6の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例6の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は74%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.7ml(6mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノンと、0.3ml(4mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、8.3mg(0.05mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.8gの実施例7の高分子を得た。収率は56%であった。
また、実施例7の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例7の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は65%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.5ml(4mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノンと、0.3ml(4mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、6.2mg(0.04mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.6gの実施例8の高分子を得た。収率は76%であった。
その結果、実施例8の高分子は、実施例6の高分子と同様に、一般式(1)で示される構造単位(一般式(1)におけるR1は、水素原子であり、R2は、メチル基である。)と、式(2)で示される構造単位とを有する共重合体であることが確認できた。
また、実施例8の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例8の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は53%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.4ml(3mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノンと、0.3ml(4mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、5.5mg(0.03mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.4gの実施例9の高分子を得た。収率は57%であった。
また、実施例9の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例9の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は38%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.5ml(4mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノンと、0.6ml(8mmol)の2-フルオロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、4.4mg(0.03mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.6gの実施例10の高分子を得た。収率は51%であった。
また、実施例10の1H-NMRスペクトルおよび19F-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、実施例10の高分子に含まれる式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量は24%であった。
ポリアクリロニトリル(商品名181315、Sigma-Aldrich社製)を比較例1の高分子として用いた。
「比較例2」
ポリ(アクリロニトリル-CO-メチルアクリラート)(商品名517941、Sigma-Aldrich社製)を比較例2の高分子として用いた。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.4ml(4mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、1.2ml(16mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、11.5mg(0.07mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで1.1gの比較例3の高分子を得た。収率は78%であった。
また、比較例3の1H-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、比較例3の高分子に含まれるアクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位の含有量は70%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.4ml(4mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.6ml(9mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、7.8mg(0.05mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.7gの比較例4の高分子を得た。収率は70%であった。
また、比較例4の1H-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、比較例4の高分子に含まれるアクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位の含有量は59%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.4ml(4mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.4ml(7mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、6.8mg(0.04mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.5gの比較例5の高分子を得た。収率は68%であった。
また、比較例5の1H-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、比較例5の高分子に含まれるアクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位の含有量は49%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.4ml(4mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.3ml(4mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、5.9mg(0.04mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.6gの比較例6の高分子を得た。収率は87%であった。
また、比較例6の1H-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、比較例6の高分子に含まれるアクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位の含有量は24%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で1.2ml(12mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.1ml(2mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、0.9mg(0.03mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで4.5gの比較例7の高分子を得た。収率は73%であった。
また、比較例7の1H-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、比較例7の高分子に含まれるアクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位の含有量は14%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.5ml(4mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノン(一般式(11)におけるR2が、メチル基である化合物)と、1.0ml(16mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、10.7mg(0.07mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで0.9gの比較例8の高分子を得た。収率は68%であった。
また、比較例8の1H-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、比較例8の高分子に含まれるアクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位の含有量は76%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.9ml(8mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノンと、1.0ml(16mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、9.8mg(0.05mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで1.2gの比較例9の高分子を得た。収率は69%であった。
また、比較例9の1H-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、比較例9の高分子に含まれるアクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位の含有量は57%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で1.4ml(12mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノンと、1.0ml(16mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、10.8mg(0.07mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで1.5gの比較例10の高分子を得た。収率は67%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で1.4ml(12mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノンと、0.8ml(12mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、9.1mg(0.06mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで1.3gの比較例11の高分子を得た。収率は60%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で1.4ml(12mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノンと、0.4ml(6mmol)のアクリロニトリルとを混合し、14.8mg(0.09mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。反応生成物をメタノール200mlに投入して再沈殿を行い、濾別乾燥することで1.1gの比較例12の高分子を得た。収率は60%であった。
また、比較例12の1H-NMRスペクトルにおける各シグナルの積分値から組成比を算出した。その結果、比較例12の高分子に含まれるアクリロニトリルに由来する構造単位の含有量は13%であった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.7ml(8mmol)のN-ビニル-オキサゾリジノンと、0.6ml(8mmol)の2-クロロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、12.2mg(0.07mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。しかし、反応時に2-クロロアクリロニトリルが分解し、重合体は得られなかった。
100mlのシュレンク菅で0.9ml(8mmol)のN-ビニル-5-メチルオキサゾリジノン(一般式(11)におけるR2が、メチル基である化合物)と、0.6ml(8mmol)の2-クロロアクリロニトリルとを混合し、13.5mg(0.08mmol)のアゾビスイソブチロニトリルを加えて、60℃で2時間反応させた。しかし、重合時に2-クロロアクリロニトリルが分解し、重合体は得られなかった。
また、比較例1および比較例2の高分子の化合物名を、それぞれ表1に示す。
(ガラス転移温度(Tg)の測定方法)
高感度示差走査熱量計(商品名、DSC6200、セイコーインスツル株式会社製)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、毎分20℃の昇温速度で30℃から200℃、毎分40℃の降温速度で200℃から30℃、毎分20℃の昇温速度で30℃から200℃の昇降温操作を行い、2回目昇温時の変曲点を求め、ガラス転移温度(Tg)とした。
圧電材料を溶媒であるN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドに溶解し、20質量%の高分子溶液(塗布液)を作製した。得られた高分子溶液を、基材としてのPETフィルム(商品名、ルミラー(商標登録)、東レ株式会社製)上に、乾燥後の厚さが50μmとなるように塗布し、塗膜を形成した。その後、PETフィルム上に形成した塗膜を、120℃のホットプレート上で6時間乾燥させて、塗膜中の溶媒を除去し、圧電材料シートを得た。
サンプル固定治具として先端の直径が1.5mmであるピンを用いて、圧電膜を測定装置に取り付けた。圧電定数d33の測定装置としては、PIEZOTEST社のピエゾメーターシステムPM200を用いた。
圧電定数d33の実測値は、測定される圧電膜の表裏によって、プラスの値、又はマイナスの値となる。本明細書中においては、圧電定数d33の値として、実測値の絶対値を記載する。
また、実施例1~実施例10の高分子はいずれも、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が十分に高く、耐熱性が良好であった。
また、実施例1~実施例10の高分子を含む圧電膜はいずれも、比較例3~比較例12の高分子を含む圧電膜と比較して、圧電定数d33が高く、圧電特性が良好であった。
耐熱性および圧電特性の高い圧電膜を提供することができる。
耐熱性および圧電特性に優れる圧電膜を備える圧電素子を提供することができる。
Claims (6)
- 前記一般式(1)において、R1が、水素原子であって、R2が、水素原子またはメチル基である請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- 前記式(2)で示される構造単位の含有量が、10~80モル%である請求項1または請求項2に記載の共重合体。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の共重合体を含む圧電材料。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の共重合体を含む圧電膜。
- 請求項5に記載の圧電膜と、前記圧電膜の一方の面と他方の面とにそれぞれ配置された電極とを有する圧電素子。
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| DE112023003137.1T DE112023003137T5 (de) | 2022-07-20 | 2023-06-02 | Copolymer, piezoelektrisches material, piezoelektrischer film und piezoelektrisches element |
| CN202380051709.1A CN119487089A (zh) | 2022-07-20 | 2023-06-02 | 共聚物、压电材料、压电膜及压电元件 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2818362A (en) * | 1954-05-18 | 1957-12-31 | American Cyanamid Co | N-vinyl-2-oxazolidone and polymerization products thereof and method of making |
| JPS49122479A (ja) * | 1973-03-27 | 1974-11-22 | ||
| JPS55153906A (en) * | 1979-05-16 | 1980-12-01 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Acrylic polarizing film |
| WO2022210543A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | Tdk株式会社 | 共重合体、圧電材料、圧電膜および圧電素子 |
| WO2023032614A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-03-09 | Tdk株式会社 | 共重合体、圧電材料、圧電膜および圧電素子 |
-
2022
- 2022-07-20 JP JP2022115444A patent/JP2024013390A/ja active Pending
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2023
- 2023-06-02 CN CN202380051709.1A patent/CN119487089A/zh active Pending
- 2023-06-02 WO PCT/JP2023/020672 patent/WO2024018765A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-06-02 DE DE112023003137.1T patent/DE112023003137T5/de active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2818362A (en) * | 1954-05-18 | 1957-12-31 | American Cyanamid Co | N-vinyl-2-oxazolidone and polymerization products thereof and method of making |
| JPS49122479A (ja) * | 1973-03-27 | 1974-11-22 | ||
| JPS55153906A (en) * | 1979-05-16 | 1980-12-01 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Acrylic polarizing film |
| WO2022210543A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | Tdk株式会社 | 共重合体、圧電材料、圧電膜および圧電素子 |
| WO2023032614A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-03-09 | Tdk株式会社 | 共重合体、圧電材料、圧電膜および圧電素子 |
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| DE112023003137T5 (de) | 2025-04-30 |
| CN119487089A (zh) | 2025-02-18 |
| JP2024013390A (ja) | 2024-02-01 |
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